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Camerini E, Amsen D, Kater AP, Peters FS. The complexities of T-cell dysfunction in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Semin Hematol 2024; 61:163-171. [PMID: 38782635 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a B-cell malignancy characterized by profound alterations and defects in the T-cell compartment. This observation has gained renewed interest as T-cell treatment strategies, which are successfully applied in more aggressive B-cell malignancies, have yielded disappointing results in CLL. Despite ongoing efforts to understand and address the observed T-cell defects, the exact mechanisms and nature underlying this dysfunction remain largely unknown. In this review, we examine the supporting signals from T cells to CLL cells in the lymph node niche, summarize key findings on T-cell functional defects, delve into potential underlying causes, and explore novel strategies for reversing these deficiencies. Our goal is to identify strategies aimed at resolving CLL-induced T-cell dysfunction which, in the future, will enhance the efficacy of autologous T-cell-based therapies for CLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Camerini
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Derk Amsen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory for Blood Cell Research at Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arnon P Kater
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Fleur S Peters
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Elsemary MT, Maritz MF, Smith LE, Warkiani ME, Thierry B. Enrichment of T-lymphocytes from leukemic blood using inertial microfluidics toward improved chimeric antigen receptor-T cell manufacturing. Cytotherapy 2024:S1465-3249(24)00714-X. [PMID: 38819362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor cell therapy is a successful immunotherapy for the treatment of blood cancers. However, hurdles in their manufacturing remain including efficient isolation and purification of the T-cell starting material. Herein, we describe a one-step separation based on inertial spiral microfluidics for efficient enrichment of T-cells in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient's samples. In healthy donors used to optimize the process, the lymphocyte purity was enriched from 65% (SD ± 0.2) to 91% (SD ± 0.06) and T-cell purity was enriched from 45% (SD ± 0.1) to 73% (SD ± 0.02). Leukemic samples had higher starting B-cells compared to the healthy donor samples. Efficient enrichment and recovery of lymphocytes and T-cells were achieved in ALL samples with B-cells, monocytes and leukemic blasts depleted by 80% (SD ± 0.09), 89% (SD ± 0.1) and 74% (SD ± 0.09), respectively, and a 70% (SD ± 0.1) T-cell recovery. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia samples had lower T-cell numbers, and the separation process was less efficient compared to the ALL. This study demonstrates the use of inertial microfluidics for T-cell enrichment and depletion of B-cell blasts in ALL, suggesting its potential to address a key bottleneck of the chimeric antigen receptor-T manufacturing workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona T Elsemary
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
| | - Michelle F Maritz
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
| | - Louise E Smith
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
| | | | - Benjamin Thierry
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia.
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3
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White AM, Best OG, Hotinski AK, Kuss BJ, Thurgood LA. The Role of Cholesterol in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Development and Pathogenesis. Metabolites 2023; 13:799. [PMID: 37512506 PMCID: PMC10385576 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol has many critical functions in cells. It is a key component of membranes and cell-signalling processes, and it functions as a chemical precursor in several biochemical pathways, such as Vitamin D and steroid synthesis. Cholesterol has also been implicated in the development and progression of various cancers, in which it is thought to promote cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an example of a lipid-avid cancer that relies on lipid metabolism, rather than glycolysis, to fuel cell proliferation. However, data regarding the role of cholesterol in CLL are conflicting. Studies have shown that dyslipidaemia is more common among CLL patients than age-matched healthy controls, and that CLL patients who take cholesterol-lowering drugs, such as statins, appear to have improved survival rates. Therefore, defining the roles of cholesterol in CLL may highlight the importance of monitoring and managing hyperlipidaemia as part of the routine management of patients with CLL. In this review, we discuss the roles of cholesterol in the context of CLL by examining the literature concerning the trafficking, uptake, endogenous synthesis, and intracellular handling of this lipid. Data from clinical trials investigating various classes of cholesterol and lipid-lowering drugs in CLL are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana M White
- Molecular Medicine and Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Oliver G Best
- Molecular Medicine and Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Anya K Hotinski
- Molecular Medicine and Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Bryone J Kuss
- Molecular Medicine and Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Lauren A Thurgood
- Molecular Medicine and Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
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4
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Mazzarello AN, Gentner-Göbel E, Dühren-von Minden M, Tarasenko TN, Nicolò A, Ferrer G, Vergani S, Liu Y, Bagnara D, Rai KR, Burger JA, McGuire PJ, Maity PC, Jumaa H, Chiorazzi N. B-cell receptor isotypes differentially associate with cell signaling, kinetics, and outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Invest 2021; 132:149308. [PMID: 34813501 PMCID: PMC8759784 DOI: 10.1172/jci149308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the B cell receptor (BCR) plays a critical role in disease development and progression, as indicated by the therapeutic efficacy of drugs blocking BCR signaling. However, the mechanism(s) underlying BCR responsiveness are not completely defined. Selective engagement of membrane IgM or IgD on CLL cells, each coexpressed by more than 90% of cases, leads to distinct signaling events. Since both IgM and IgD carry the same antigen-binding domains, the divergent actions of the receptors are attributed to differences in immunoglobulin (Ig) structure or the outcome of signal transduction. We showed that IgM, not IgD, level and organization associated with CLL-cell birth rate and the type and consequences of BCR signaling in humans and mice. The latter IgM-driven effects were abrogated when BCR signaling was inhibited. Collectively, these studies demonstrated a critical, selective role for IgM in BCR signaling and B cell fate decisions, possibly opening new avenues for CLL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N Mazzarello
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
| | | | | | - Tatyana N Tarasenko
- Metabolism, Infection and Immunity Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
| | | | - Gerardo Ferrer
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
| | - Stefano Vergani
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
| | - Yun Liu
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
| | - Davide Bagnara
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
| | - Kanti R Rai
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
| | - Jan A Burger
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Peter J McGuire
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Palash C Maity
- Institute for Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hassan Jumaa
- Institute for Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nicholas Chiorazzi
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
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5
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Karabon L, Andrzejczak A, Ciszak L, Tomkiewicz A, Szteblich A, Bojarska-Junak A, Roliński J, Wołowiec D, Wróbel T, Kosmaczewska A. BTLA Expression in CLL: Epigenetic Regulation and Impact on CLL B Cell Proliferation and Ability to IL-4 Production. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113009. [PMID: 34831232 PMCID: PMC8616199 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, while chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cases showed higher levels of B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) mRNA compared to controls, lower BTLA protein expression was observed in cases compared to controls. Hence we hypothesize that micro RNA (miR) 155-5p regulates BTLA expression in CLL. In line with earlier data, expression of BTLA mRNA and miR-155-5p is elevated in CLL (p = 0.034 and p = 0.0006, respectively) as well as in MEC-1 cell line (p = 0.009 and 0.016, respectively). Inhibition of miR-155-5p partially restored BTLA protein expression in CLL patients (p = 0.01) and in MEC-1 cell lines (p = 0.058). Additionally, we aimed to evaluate the significance of BTLA deficiency in CLL cells on proliferation and IL-4 production of B cells. We found that secretion of IL-4 is not dependent on BTLA expression, since fractions of BTLA positive and BTLA negative B cells expressing intracellular IL-4 were similar in CLL patients and controls. We demonstrated that in controls the fraction of proliferating cells is lower in BTLA positive than in BTLA negative B cells (p = 0.059), which was not observed in CLL. However, the frequency of BTLA positive Ki67+ B cells in CLL was higher compared to corresponding cells from controls (p = 0.055) while there were no differences between the examined groups regarding frequency of BTLA negative Ki67+ B cells. Our studies suggest that miR-155-5p is involved in BTLA deficiency, affecting proliferation of CLL B cells, which may be one of the mechanisms responsible for CLL pathogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Base Sequence
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Interleukin-4/biosynthesis
- Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Male
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Karabon
- Laboratory of Genetics and Epigenetics of Human Diseases, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigl 12 Str., 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.A.); (A.T.)
- Department and Clinic of Urology and Oncologic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Str. 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Andrzejczak
- Laboratory of Genetics and Epigenetics of Human Diseases, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigl 12 Str., 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Lidia Ciszak
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigl 12 Str., 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (L.C.); (A.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Anna Tomkiewicz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Epigenetics of Human Diseases, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigl 12 Str., 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Aleksandra Szteblich
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigl 12 Str., 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (L.C.); (A.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Bojarska-Junak
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.B.-J.); (J.R.)
| | - Jacek Roliński
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.B.-J.); (J.R.)
| | - Dariusz Wołowiec
- Department and Clinic of Hematology, Blood Neoplasms, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University, Wybrzeże Ludwika Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.W.); (T.W.)
| | - Tomasz Wróbel
- Department and Clinic of Hematology, Blood Neoplasms, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University, Wybrzeże Ludwika Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.W.); (T.W.)
| | - Agata Kosmaczewska
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigl 12 Str., 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (L.C.); (A.S.); (A.K.)
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6
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Haselager MV, Kater AP, Eldering E. Proliferative Signals in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia; What Are We Missing? Front Oncol 2020; 10:592205. [PMID: 33134182 PMCID: PMC7578574 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.592205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells cycle between lymphoid tissue sites where they actively proliferate, and the peripheral blood (PB) where they become quiescent. Strong evidence exists for a crucial role of B cell receptor (BCR) triggering, either by (self-)antigen or by receptor auto-engagement in the lymph node (LN) to drive CLL proliferation and provide adhesion. The clinical success of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors is widely accepted to be based on blockade of the BCR signal. Additional signals in the LN that support CLL survival derive from surrounding cells, such as CD40L-presenting T helper cells, myeloid and stromal cells. It is not quite clear if and to what extent these non-BCR signals contribute to proliferation in situ. In vitro BCR triggering, in contrast, leads to low-level activation and does not result in cell division. Various combinations of non-BCR signals delivered via co-stimulatory receptors, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and/or soluble cytokines are applied, leading to comparatively modest and short-lived CLL proliferation in vitro. Thus, an unresolved gap exists between the condition in the patient as we now understand it and applicable knowledge that can be harnessed in the laboratory for future therapeutic applications. Even in this era of targeted drugs, CLL remains largely incurable with frequent relapses and emergence of resistance. Therefore, we require better insight into all aspects of CLL growth and potential rewiring of signaling pathways. We aim here to provide an overview of in vivo versus in vitro signals involved in CLL proliferation, point out areas of missing knowledge and suggest future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco V. Haselager
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic University Medical Center, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, LYMMCARE, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, LYMMCARE, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arnon P. Kater
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, LYMMCARE, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Academic University Medical Center, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eric Eldering
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic University Medical Center, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, LYMMCARE, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, LYMMCARE, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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7
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Stankovic T. Fine tuning of p53 functions between normal and leukemic cells: a new strategy for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Haematologica 2019; 104:2332-2334. [PMID: 31787615 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.230896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Stankovic
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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8
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Saeed WH, Eissa AA, Al-Doski AA. Impact Of TP53 Gene Promoter Methylation On Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Pathogenesis And Progression. J Blood Med 2019; 10:399-404. [PMID: 31819692 PMCID: PMC6883927 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s221707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a malignant lymphoid disorder that results from the overgrowth of mature-looking lymphoid cells in the blood and lymphatic tissue. Various clinical presentations have been attributed to the disease as a result of the different underlying genetic and epigenetic alterations. The current study has been initiated to study the role of an epigenetic alteration affecting the promoter of the TP53gene on CLL pathogenesis and progression. Methods The current study involved 54 newly diagnosed patients presenting with CLL as well as 30 normal individuals as controls. After obtaining verbal consent, data collection was done and the blood collected from all enrolled individuals for hematological investigations as well as for molecular categorization of TP53 methylation status. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) technique was used to define the methylation status of the TP53 gene promoter that encompasses DNA extraction, bisulfite conversion, conventional PCR amplification, running on agarose gel and documentation. Finally, statistical analysis was done to assess any correlation of the TP53 epigenetic alteration to the disease etiology and the progression. Results In the current study, all controls and 42 of 54 patients show unmethylated TP53 gene promoter; on the other hand, the methylated promoter was detected among 12 patients with a p-value of 0.001. TP53 gene promoter methylation significantly linked to reduced platelet count (p-value of 0.047) and advanced stage at presentation (p-value of 0.076). No significant differences were seen among both methylated and unmethylated TP53 promoters in relation to the age of the affected individuals, total white blood cell counts and hemoglobin level of the affected individuals. Conclusion The current study revealed a significant correlation of TP53 gene promoter methylation to chronic lymphocytic leukemia pathogenesis and lower platelet counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Haji Saeed
- Department of Nursing, Akre Technical Institute, Duhok Polytechnic University, Duhok, Iraq
| | - Adil Abozaid Eissa
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq
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9
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Coffey GP, Feng J, Betz A, Pandey A, Birrell M, Leeds JM, Der K, Kadri S, Lu P, Segal J, Wang YL, Michelson G, Curnutte JT, Conley PB. Cerdulatinib Pharmacodynamics and Relationships to Tumor Response Following Oral Dosing in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory B-cell Malignancies. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:1174-1184. [PMID: 30333224 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preclinical studies suggest SYK and JAK contribute to tumor-intrinsic and microenvironment-derived survival signals. The pharmacodynamics of cerdulatinib, a dual SYK/JAK inhibitor, and associations with tumor response were investigated. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a phase I dose-escalation study in adults with relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies, cerdulatinib was administered orally to sequential dose-escalation cohorts using once-daily or twice-daily schedules. The study enrolled 8 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), 13 with follicular lymphoma, 16 with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and 6 with mantle cell lymphoma. Correlation of tumor response with pharmacodynamic markers was determined in patients with meaningful clinical responses. RESULTS Following cerdulatinib administration, complete SYK and JAK pathway inhibition was achieved in whole blood of patients at tolerated exposures. Target inhibition correlated with serum cerdulatinib concentration, and IC50 values against B-cell antigen receptor (BCR), IL2, IL4, and IL6 signaling pathways were 0.27 to 1.11 μmol/L, depending on the phosphorylation event. Significant correlations were observed between SYK and JAK pathway inhibition and tumor response. Serum inflammation markers were reduced by cerdulatinib, and several significantly correlated with tumor response. Diminished expression of CD69 and CD86 (B-cell activation markers), CD5 (negative regulator of BCR signaling), and enhanced expression of CXCR4 were observed in 2 patients with CLL, consistent with BCR and IL4 suppression and loss of proliferative capacity. CONCLUSIONS Cerdulatinib potently and selectively inhibited SYK/JAK signaling at tolerated exposures in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies. The extent of target inhibition in whole-blood assays and suppression of inflammation correlated with tumor response. (ClinicalTrials.gov ID:NCT01994382).
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg P Coffey
- Biology and Pharmacology, Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, California.
| | - Jiajia Feng
- Research and Development, Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Andreas Betz
- Research and Development, Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Anjali Pandey
- Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Development, Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Matt Birrell
- Corporate Development, Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Janet M Leeds
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Kenneth Der
- Pharmacokinetics, Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Sabah Kadri
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Pin Lu
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jeremy Segal
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Y Lynn Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Glenn Michelson
- Clinical Development, Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - John T Curnutte
- Research and Development, Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Pamela B Conley
- Biology, Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, California
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10
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Badmazhapova DS, Gal’tseva IV, Zvonkov EE. Immunological Synapse in the Biology of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2018-11-4-313-318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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11
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Manukyan G, Turcsanyi P, Mikulkova Z, Gabcova G, Urbanova R, Gajdos P, Smotkova Kraiczova V, Zehnalova S, Papajik T, Kriegova E. Dynamic changes in HLA-DR expression during short-term and long-term ibrutinib treatment in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Res 2018; 72:113-119. [PMID: 30149317 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is the first evidence of changes in the kinetics of B cell antigen receptor (BCR) internalisation of neoplastic cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) after the short-term and long-term administration of ibrutinib. We aimed to assess the influence of short-term and long-term ibrutinib treatment on the HLA-DR expression on CLL cells, T cells and monocytes. The immunophenotyping of CLL and immune cells in peripheral blood was performed on 16 high-risk CLL patients treated with ibrutinib. After early ibrutinib administration, the HLA-DR expression on CLL cells reduced (P = 0.032), accompanied by an increase in CLL cell counts in peripheral blood (P = 0.001). In vitro culturing of CLL cells with ibrutinib also revealed the reduction in the HLA-DR expression at protein and mRNA levels (P < 0.01). The decrease in HLA-DR on CLL cells after the first month was followed by the gradual increase of its expression by the 12th month (P = 0.001). A one-month follow-up resulted in elevated absolute counts of CD4+ (P = 0.002) and CD8+ (P < 0.001) T cells as well as CD4+ and CD8+ cells bearing HLA-DR (P < 0.01). The long-term administration of ibrutinib was associated with the increased numbers of CD4+ bearing HLA-DR (P = 0.006) and elevation of HLA-DR expression on all monocyte subsets (P ≤ 0.004). Our results provide the first evidence of the time-dependent immunomodulatory effect of ibrutinib on CLL and T cells and monocytes. The clinical consequences of time-dependent changes in HLA-DR expression in ibrutinib treated patients deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayane Manukyan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Peter Turcsanyi
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Mikulkova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Gabcova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Urbanova
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Gajdos
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Smotkova Kraiczova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Zehnalova
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Papajik
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kriegova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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12
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Marini C, Bruno S, Fiz F, Campi C, Piva R, Cutrona G, Matis S, Nieri A, Miglino M, Ibatici A, Maria Orengo A, Maria Massone A, Neumaier CE, Totero DD, Giannoni P, Bauckneht M, Pennone M, Tenca C, Gugiatti E, Bellini A, Borra A, Tedone E, Efetürk H, Rosa F, Emionite L, Cilli M, Bagnara D, Brucato V, Bruzzi P, Piana M, Fais F, Sambuceti G. Functional Activation of Osteoclast Commitment in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia: a Possible Role for RANK/RANKL Pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14159. [PMID: 29074954 PMCID: PMC5658396 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12761-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal erosion has been found to represent an independent prognostic indicator in patients with advanced stages of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Whether this phenomenon also occurs in early CLL phases and its underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we prospectively enrolled 36 consecutive treatment-naïve patients to analyse skeletal structure and bone marrow distribution using a computational approach to PET/CT images. This evaluation was combined with the analysis of RANK/RANKL loop activation in the leukemic clone, given recent reports on its role in CLL progression. Bone erosion was particularly evident in long bone shafts, progressively increased from Binet stage A to Binet stage C, and was correlated with both local expansion of metabolically active bone marrow documented by FDG uptake and with the number of RANKL + cells present in the circulating blood. In immune-deficient NOD/Shi-scid, γcnull (NSG) mice, administration of CLL cells caused an appreciable compact bone erosion that was prevented by Denosumab. CLL cell proliferation in vitro correlated with RANK expression and was impaired by Denosumab-mediated disruption of the RANK/RANKL loop. This study suggests an interaction between CLL cells and stromal elements able to simultaneously impair bone structure and increase proliferating potential of leukemic clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Marini
- CNR Institute of Bioimages and Molecular Physiology, Milan, Italy.
- Nuclear Medicine IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy.
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Health Science, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Silvia Bruno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Fiz
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Health Science, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Radiology, Uni-Klinikum Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Roberta Piva
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Health Science, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Serena Matis
- Molecular Pathology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Nieri
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Health Science, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Miglino
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paolo Giannoni
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Bauckneht
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Health Science, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Claudya Tenca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Gugiatti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bellini
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Health Science, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Borra
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Health Science, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Hülya Efetürk
- Nuclear Medicine IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Health Science, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Laura Emionite
- Animal Facility, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Cilli
- Animal Facility, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Davide Bagnara
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Valerio Brucato
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Aerospace, Materials Engineering, Aten Center, CHAB pole, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 6, Palermo, 90128, Italy
| | - Paolo Bruzzi
- Epidemiology and Clinical trial Service, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Piana
- SPIN Institute, CNR, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Mathematics (DIMA), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco Fais
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Molecular Pathology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianmario Sambuceti
- Nuclear Medicine IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Health Science, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
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13
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Busiello T, Ciano M, Romano S, Sodaro G, Garofalo O, Bruzzese D, Simeone L, Chiurazzi F, Fiammetta Romano M, Costanzo P, Cesaro E. Role of ZNF224 in cell growth and chemoresistance of chronic lymphocitic leukemia. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:344-353. [PMID: 28040726 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is associated with apoptosis resistance and defective control of cell growth. Our study describes for the first time a critical role in CLL for the KRAB-zinc finger protein ZNF224. High ZNF224 transcript levels were detected in CLL patients with respect to control cells. Moreover, ZNF224 expression was significantly lowered after conventional chemotherapy treatment in a subset of CLL patients. By in vitro experiments we confirmed that ZNF224 expression is suppressed by fludarabine and demonstrated that ZNF224 is involved in apoptosis resistance in CLL cells. Moreover, we showed that ZNF224 positively modulates cyclin D3 gene expression. Consistently, we observed that alteration of ZNF224 expression leads to defects in cell cycle control. All together, our results strongly suggest that in CLL cells high expression level of ZNF224 can lead to inappropriate cell growth and apoptosis resistance, thus contributing to CLL progression. Targeting ZNF224 could thus improve CLL response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Busiello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Michela Ciano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Sodaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Olgavalentina Garofalo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Bruzzese
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigia Simeone
- Division of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Federico Chiurazzi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Fiammetta Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Costanzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Cesaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5 80131, Naples, Italy
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14
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Bosch R, Mora A, Vicente EP, Ferrer G, Jansà S, Damle R, Gorlatov S, Rai K, Montserrat E, Nomdedeu J, Pratcorona M, Blanco L, Saavedra S, Garrido A, Esquirol A, Garcia I, Granell M, Martino R, Delgado J, Sierra J, Chiorazzi N, Moreno C. FcγRIIb expression in early stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 58:2642-2648. [PMID: 28372509 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1307981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In normal B-cells, B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling can be negatively regulated by the low-affinity receptor FcγRIIb (CD32b). To better understand the role of FcγRIIb in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), we correlated its expression on 155 samples from newly-diagnosed Binet A patients with clinical characteristics and outcome. FcγRIIb expression was similar in normal B-cells and leukemic cells, this being heterogenous among patients and within CLL clones. FcγRIIb expression did not correlate with well known prognostic markers [disease stage, serum beta-2 microglobulin (B2M), IGHV mutational status, expression of ZAP-70 and CD38, and cytogenetics] except for a weak concordance with CD49d. Moreover, patients with low FcγRIIb expression (69/155, 44.5%) required therapy earlier than those with high FcγRIIb expression (86/155, 55.5%) (median 151.4 months vs. not reached; p=.071). These results encourage further investigation on the role of FcγRIIb in CLL biology and prognostic significance in larger series of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Bosch
- a Laboratory of Oncology/Hematology and Transplantation , Institute of Biomedical Research, IIB Sant Pau , Barcelona , Spain.,b Department of Hematology , Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Alba Mora
- a Laboratory of Oncology/Hematology and Transplantation , Institute of Biomedical Research, IIB Sant Pau , Barcelona , Spain.,b Department of Hematology , Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Eva Puy Vicente
- a Laboratory of Oncology/Hematology and Transplantation , Institute of Biomedical Research, IIB Sant Pau , Barcelona , Spain.,b Department of Hematology , Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Gerardo Ferrer
- c Karches Centre for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research , Manhasset , NY , USA
| | - Sonia Jansà
- d Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Rajendra Damle
- c Karches Centre for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research , Manhasset , NY , USA
| | | | - Kanti Rai
- f Haematology/Oncology, Oncology LIJ Medical Centre , Lake Success , NY , USA
| | - Emili Montserrat
- g Department of Hematology , Institute of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Josep Nomdedeu
- h Laboratory of Hematology , Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Marta Pratcorona
- h Laboratory of Hematology , Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Laura Blanco
- h Laboratory of Hematology , Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Silvana Saavedra
- b Department of Hematology , Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Ana Garrido
- b Department of Hematology , Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Albert Esquirol
- b Department of Hematology , Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Irene Garcia
- b Department of Hematology , Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Miquel Granell
- b Department of Hematology , Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Rodrigo Martino
- b Department of Hematology , Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Julio Delgado
- g Department of Hematology , Institute of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Jorge Sierra
- a Laboratory of Oncology/Hematology and Transplantation , Institute of Biomedical Research, IIB Sant Pau , Barcelona , Spain.,b Department of Hematology , Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Nicholas Chiorazzi
- c Karches Centre for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research , Manhasset , NY , USA
| | - Carol Moreno
- a Laboratory of Oncology/Hematology and Transplantation , Institute of Biomedical Research, IIB Sant Pau , Barcelona , Spain.,b Department of Hematology , Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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15
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Thurgood LA, Chataway TK, Lower KM, Kuss BJ. From genome to proteome: Looking beyond DNA and RNA in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Proteomics 2017; 155:73-84. [PMID: 28069558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains the most common leukemia in the Western world. Whilst its disease course is extremely heterogeneous (ranging from indolent to aggressive), current methods are unable to accurately predict the clinical journey of each patient. There is clearly a pressing need for both improved prognostication and treatment options for patients with this disease. Whilst molecular studies have analyzed both genetic mutations and gene expression profiles of these malignant B-cells, and as a result have shed light on the pathogenesis of CLL, proteomic studies have been largely overlooked to date. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the proteomics of CLL, and discusses some of the issues in CLL proteomic research, such as reproducibility and data interpretation. In addition, we look ahead to how proteomics may significantly help in the development of a successful treatment for this currently incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Thurgood
- Department of Haematology and Genetic Pathology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Tim K Chataway
- Department of Physiology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Karen M Lower
- Department of Haematology and Genetic Pathology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bryone J Kuss
- Department of Haematology and Genetic Pathology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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16
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Ghamlouch H, Darwiche W, Hodroge A, Ouled-Haddou H, Dupont S, Singh AR, Guignant C, Trudel S, Royer B, Gubler B, Marolleau JP. Factors involved in CLL pathogenesis and cell survival are disrupted by differentiation of CLL B-cells into antibody-secreting cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:18484-503. [PMID: 26050196 PMCID: PMC4621905 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has shown that chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B-cells display a strong tendency to differentiate into antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) and thus may be amenable to differentiation therapy. However, the effect of this differentiation on factors associated with CLL pathogenesis has not been reported. In the present study, purified CLL B-cells were stimulated to differentiate into ASCs by phorbol myristate acetate or CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, in combination with CD40 ligand and cytokines in a two-step, seven-day culture system. We investigated (i) changes in the immunophenotypic, molecular, functional, morphological features associated with terminal differentiation into ASCs, (ii) the expression of factors involved in CLL pathogenesis, and (iii) the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins in the differentiated cells. Our results show that differentiated CLL B-cells are able to display the transcriptional program of ASCs. Differentiation leads to depletion of the malignant program and deregulation of the apoptosis/survival balance. Analysis of apoptosis and the cell cycle showed that differentiation is associated with low cell viability and a low rate of cell cycle entry. Our findings shed new light on the potential for differentiation therapy as a part of treatment strategies for CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Ghamlouch
- EA4666, LNPC, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Department of Immunology, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France.,Department of Clinical Hematology and Cell Therapy, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France
| | - Walaa Darwiche
- PériTox, Périnatalité & Risques Toxiques, UMR-I 01 Unité mixte INERIS, Amiens, France
| | - Ahmed Hodroge
- EA4666, LNPC, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | | | - Sébastien Dupont
- EA4666, LNPC, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Department of Clinical Hematology and Cell Therapy, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France
| | | | - Caroline Guignant
- EA4666, LNPC, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Department of Immunology, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France
| | - Stéphanie Trudel
- EA4666, LNPC, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Department of Molecular Oncobiology, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France
| | - Bruno Royer
- EA4666, LNPC, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Department of Clinical Hematology and Cell Therapy, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France
| | - Brigitte Gubler
- EA4666, LNPC, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Department of Immunology, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France.,Department of Molecular Oncobiology, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Marolleau
- EA4666, LNPC, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Department of Clinical Hematology and Cell Therapy, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France
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17
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Andrews PM, Wang HW, Guo H, Anderson E, Falola R, Chen Y. Optical Coherence Tomography of the Aging Kidney. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2016; 14:617-622. [PMID: 27143129 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2015.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aging kidney exhibits a progressive decline in renal function with characteristic histopathologic changes and is a risk factor for renal transplant. However, the degree to which the kidney exhibits this decline depends on several factors that vary from one individual to the next. Optical coherence tomography is an evolving noninvasive imaging technology that has recently been used to evaluate acute tubular necrosis of living-human donor kidneys before their transplant. With the increasing use of kidneys from older individuals, it is important to determine whether optical coherence tomography also can distinguish the histopathology associated with aging. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this investigation, we used Munich-Wistar rats to evaluate the ability of optical coherence tomography to detect histopathologic changes associated with aging. Optical coherence tomography observations were correlated with renal function and conventional light microscopic evaluation of these same kidneys. RESULTS With the onset of severe proteinuria at 10 to 12 months of age, optical coherence tomography revealed tubular necrosis/atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, tubular dilation, and glomerulosclerosis. With a further deterioration in kidney function at 16 to 18 months of age (as indicated by rising creatinine levels), optical coherence tomography revealed more extensive interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, increased tubular dilation with cyst formation and more sclerotic glomeruli. CONCLUSIONS The foregoing observations suggest that optical coherence tomography can be used to detect the histopathology of progressive nephropathy associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Andrews
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20007, USA
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18
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Filarsky K, Garding A, Becker N, Wolf C, Zucknick M, Claus R, Weichenhan D, Plass C, Döhner H, Stilgenbauer S, Lichter P, Mertens D. Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) inactivation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia correlates with promoter DNA-methylation and can be reversed by inhibition of NOTCH signaling. Haematologica 2016; 101:e249-53. [PMID: 27081174 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.138172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Filarsky
- Mechanisms of Leukemogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Garding
- Signaling to Chromatin Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Natalia Becker
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Wolf
- Mechanisms of Leukemogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuela Zucknick
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Rainer Claus
- Division of Hematology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Germany
| | - Dieter Weichenhan
- Division of Epigenetics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Epigenetics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Peter Lichter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Mertens
- Mechanisms of Leukemogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Germany
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19
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Poret N, Fu Q, Guihard S, Cheok M, Miller K, Zeng G, Quesnel B, Troussard X, Galiègue-Zouitina S, Shelley CS. CD38 in Hairy Cell Leukemia Is a Marker of Poor Prognosis and a New Target for Therapy. Cancer Res 2016; 75:3902-11. [PMID: 26170397 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is characterized by underexpression of the intracellular signaling molecule RhoH. Reconstitution of RhoH expression limits HCL pathogenesis in a mouse model, indicating this could represent a new therapeutic strategy. However, while RhoH reconstitution is theoretically possible as a therapy, it is technically immensely challenging as an appropriately functional RhoH protein needs to be specifically targeted. Because of this problem, we sought to identify druggable proteins on the HCL surface that were dependent upon RhoH underexpression. One such protein was identified as CD38. Analysis of 51 HCL patients demonstrated that 18 were CD38-positive. Interrogation of the clinical record of 23 relapsed HCL patients demonstrated those that were CD38-positive had a mean time to salvage therapy 71 months shorter than patients who were CD38-negative. Knockout of the CD38 gene in HCL cells increased apoptosis, inhibited adherence to endothelial monolayers, and compromised ability to produce tumors in vivo. Furthermore, an anti-CD38 antibody proved effective against pre-existing HCL tumors. Taken together, our data indicate that CD38 expression in HCL drives poor prognosis by promoting survival and heterotypic adhesion. Our data also indicate that CD38-positive HCL patients might benefit from treatments based on CD38 targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Poret
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale UMR-S1172, Centre Jean-Pierre Aubert, Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille and Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Qiangwei Fu
- Kabara Cancer Research Institute, Gundersen Medical Foundation, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Soizic Guihard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale UMR-S1172, Centre Jean-Pierre Aubert, Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille and Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Meyling Cheok
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale UMR-S1172, Centre Jean-Pierre Aubert, Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille and Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Katie Miller
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary's University of Minnesota, Winona, Minnesota
| | - Gordon Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Bruno Quesnel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale UMR-S1172, Centre Jean-Pierre Aubert, Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille and Université de Lille, Lille, France. Service des Maladies du Sang, Hôpital Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Troussard
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Sylvie Galiègue-Zouitina
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale UMR-S1172, Centre Jean-Pierre Aubert, Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille and Université de Lille, Lille, France.
| | - Carl Simon Shelley
- Kabara Cancer Research Institute, Gundersen Medical Foundation, La Crosse, Wisconsin.
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20
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FU CHUNLING, GONG YANQING, SHI XUANXUAN, SHI HENGLIANG, WAN YAN, WU QINGYUN, XU KAILIN. Expression and regulation of COP1 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells for promotion of cell proliferation and tumorigenicity. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:1493-500. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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21
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Mohammad RM, Muqbil I, Lowe L, Yedjou C, Hsu HY, Lin LT, Siegelin MD, Fimognari C, Kumar NB, Dou QP, Yang H, Samadi AK, Russo GL, Spagnuolo C, Ray SK, Chakrabarti M, Morre JD, Coley HM, Honoki K, Fujii H, Georgakilas AG, Amedei A, Niccolai E, Amin A, Ashraf SS, Helferich WG, Yang X, Boosani CS, Guha G, Bhakta D, Ciriolo MR, Aquilano K, Chen S, Mohammed SI, Keith WN, Bilsland A, Halicka D, Nowsheen S, Azmi AS. Broad targeting of resistance to apoptosis in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S78-S103. [PMID: 25936818 PMCID: PMC4720504 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis or programmed cell death is natural way of removing aged cells from the body. Most of the anti-cancer therapies trigger apoptosis induction and related cell death networks to eliminate malignant cells. However, in cancer, de-regulated apoptotic signaling, particularly the activation of an anti-apoptotic systems, allows cancer cells to escape this program leading to uncontrolled proliferation resulting in tumor survival, therapeutic resistance and recurrence of cancer. This resistance is a complicated phenomenon that emanates from the interactions of various molecules and signaling pathways. In this comprehensive review we discuss the various factors contributing to apoptosis resistance in cancers. The key resistance targets that are discussed include (1) Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 proteins; (2) autophagy processes; (3) necrosis and necroptosis; (4) heat shock protein signaling; (5) the proteasome pathway; (6) epigenetic mechanisms; and (7) aberrant nuclear export signaling. The shortcomings of current therapeutic modalities are highlighted and a broad spectrum strategy using approaches including (a) gossypol; (b) epigallocatechin-3-gallate; (c) UMI-77 (d) triptolide and (e) selinexor that can be used to overcome cell death resistance is presented. This review provides a roadmap for the design of successful anti-cancer strategies that overcome resistance to apoptosis for better therapeutic outcome in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi M Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States; Interim translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Irfana Muqbil
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Getting to Know Cancer, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Clement Yedjou
- C-SET, [Jackson, #229] State University, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Hsue-Yin Hsu
- Department of Life Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Tzung Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Markus David Siegelin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Nagi B Kumar
- Moffit Cancer Center, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Q Ping Dou
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States; Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit MI, United States
| | - Huanjie Yang
- The School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | | | - Gian Luigi Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Carmela Spagnuolo
- Institute of Food Sciences National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Swapan K Ray
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Mrinmay Chakrabarti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - James D Morre
- Mor-NuCo, Inc, Purdue Research Park, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Helen M Coley
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Fujii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Department of Physics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, university of florence, Italy
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, university of florence, Italy
| | - Amr Amin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, UAE University, United Arab Emirates
| | - William G Helferich
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Xujuan Yang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Chandra S Boosani
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, School of Medicine Creighton University, Omaha NE, United States
| | - Gunjan Guha
- School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Dipita Bhakta
- School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | | | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
| | - Sophie Chen
- Ovarian and Prostate Cancer Research Trust Laboratory, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - W Nicol Keith
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Ireland
| | - Alan Bilsland
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Ireland
| | - Dorota Halicka
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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22
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Expression and regulation of CacyBP/SIP in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell balances of cell proliferation with apoptosis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 142:741-8. [PMID: 26603518 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-2077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in Western countries, with incidence in Chinese populations also increasing. CLL involves an accumulation of abnormal B cells which result in dysregulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis rates. The calcyclin-binding protein/Siah-1-interacting protein (CacyBP/SIP) plays a pivotal role in tumorigenicity and cell apoptosis. Here, we investigated the function of CacyBP/SIP in CLL cell proliferation and apoptosis. METHODS CacyBP/SIP expression levels were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 23 Chinese CLL patients and three healthy donors by western blotting. Correlation analysis was performed to assess associations between CacyBP/SIP expression and clinical stage, chromosome abnormalities and zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70 (ZAP-70) expression. We silenced CacyBP/SIP expression in MEC-1 cells using a lentivirus system and analyzed cell vitality, cell cycle and tumorigenicity. Apoptosis was also analyzed following the upregulation of CacyBP/SIP expression in MEC-1 cells. RESULTS Downregulation of CacyBP/SIP expression in CLL patients was negatively correlated with CLL clinical stage, but not with patient sex, age, del(13q14) or del(17q-) presence, or ZAP-70 expression. CacyBP/SIP silencing significantly enhanced cell proliferation and tumorigenicity. CacyBP/SIP silencing promoted accumulation of cells in S phase by upregulation of β-catenin, cyclin D1 and cyclin E, and downregulation of p21. Moreover, CacyBP/SIP overexpression facilitated CLL apoptosis through the activation of pro-caspase-3. CONCLUSION CacyBP/SIP is a useful indicator of CLL disease processes and plays an important role in sustaining the balance of cell proliferation and apoptosis.
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23
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Ganghammer S, Gutjahr J, Hutterer E, Krenn PW, Pucher S, Zelle-Rieser C, Jöhrer K, Wijtmans M, Leurs R, Smit MJ, Gattei V, Greil R, Hartmann TN. Combined CXCR3/CXCR4 measurements are of high prognostic value in chronic lymphocytic leukemia due to negative co-operativity of the receptors. Haematologica 2015; 101:e99-102. [PMID: 26589908 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.133470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Ganghammer
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Austria
| | - Julia Gutjahr
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Austria
| | - Evelyn Hutterer
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Austria
| | - Peter W Krenn
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Austria
| | - Susanne Pucher
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Austria
| | | | - Karin Jöhrer
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maikel Wijtmans
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division Medicinal Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rob Leurs
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division Medicinal Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martine J Smit
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division Medicinal Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Valter Gattei
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy
| | - Richard Greil
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Austria
| | - Tanja N Hartmann
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Austria
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24
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Oldreive CE, Skowronska A, Davies NJ, Parry H, Agathanggelou A, Krysov S, Packham G, Rudzki Z, Cronin L, Vrzalikova K, Murray P, Odintsova E, Pratt G, Taylor AMR, Moss P, Stankovic T. T-cell number and subtype influence the disease course of primary chronic lymphocytic leukaemia xenografts in alymphoid mice. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:1401-12. [PMID: 26398941 PMCID: PMC4631786 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.021147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells require microenvironmental support for their proliferation. This can be recapitulated in highly immunocompromised hosts in the presence of T cells and other supporting cells. Current primary CLL xenograft models suffer from limited duration of tumour cell engraftment coupled with gradual T-cell outgrowth. Thus, a greater understanding of the interaction between CLL and T cells could improve their utility. In this study, using two distinct mouse xenograft models, we investigated whether xenografts recapitulate CLL biology, including natural environmental interactions with B-cell receptors and T cells, and whether manipulation of autologous T cells can expand the duration of CLL engraftment. We observed that primary CLL xenografts recapitulated both the tumour phenotype and T-cell repertoire observed in patients and that engraftment was significantly shorter for progressive tumours. A reduction in the number of patient T cells that were injected into the mice to 2-5% of the initial number or specific depletion of CD8(+) cells extended the limited xenograft duration of progressive cases to that characteristic of indolent disease. We conclude that manipulation of T cells can enhance current CLL xenograft models and thus expand their utility for investigation of tumour biology and pre-clinical drug assessment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Graft Survival
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Immunocompromised Host
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Phenotype
- Spleen/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- Time Factors
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceri E Oldreive
- School of Cancer Sciences, Department of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Anna Skowronska
- School of Cancer Sciences, Department of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nicholas J Davies
- School of Cancer Sciences, Department of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Helen Parry
- School of Cancer Sciences, Department of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Angelo Agathanggelou
- School of Cancer Sciences, Department of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sergey Krysov
- CRUK Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Graham Packham
- CRUK Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Zbigniew Rudzki
- Department of Pathology, Heart of England Hospital, Birmingham, B9 5SS, UK
| | - Laura Cronin
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Katerina Vrzalikova
- School of Cancer Sciences, Department of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Paul Murray
- School of Cancer Sciences, Department of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Elena Odintsova
- School of Cancer Sciences, Department of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Guy Pratt
- School of Cancer Sciences, Department of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - A Malcolm R Taylor
- School of Cancer Sciences, Department of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Paul Moss
- School of Cancer Sciences, Department of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Tatjana Stankovic
- School of Cancer Sciences, Department of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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25
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Applied Protein and Molecular Techniques for Characterization of B Cell Neoplasms in Horses. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2015; 22:1133-45. [PMID: 26311245 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00374-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mature B cell neoplasms cover a spectrum of diseases involving lymphoid tissues (lymphoma) or blood (leukemia), with an overlap between these two presentations. Previous studies describing equine lymphoid neoplasias have not included analyses of clonality using molecular techniques. The objective of this study was to use molecular techniques to advance the classification of B cell lymphoproliferative diseases in five adult equine patients with a rare condition of monoclonal gammopathy, B cell leukemia, and concurrent lymphadenopathy (lymphoma/leukemia). The B cell neoplasms were phenotypically characterized by gene and cell surface molecule expression, secreted immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype concentrations, Ig heavy-chain variable (IGHV) region domain sequencing, and spectratyping. All five patients had hyperglobulinemia due to IgG1 or IgG4/7 monoclonal gammopathy. Peripheral blood leukocyte immunophenotyping revealed high proportions of IgG1- or IgG4/7-positive cells and relative T cell lymphopenia. Most leukemic cells lacked the surface B cell markers CD19 and CD21. IGHG1 or IGHG4/7 gene expression was consistent with surface protein expression, and secreted isotype and Ig spectratyping revealed one dominant monoclonal peak. The mRNA expression of the B cell-associated developmental genes EBF1, PAX5, and CD19 was high compared to that of the plasma cell-associated marker CD38. Sequence analysis of the IGHV domain of leukemic cells revealed mutated Igs. In conclusion, the protein and molecular techniques used in this study identified neoplastic cells compatible with a developmental transition between B cell and plasma cell stages, and they can be used for the classification of equine B cell lymphoproliferative disease.
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26
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Mongini PKA, Gupta R, Boyle E, Nieto J, Lee H, Stein J, Bandovic J, Stankovic T, Barrientos J, Kolitz JE, Allen SL, Rai K, Chu CC, Chiorazzi N. TLR-9 and IL-15 Synergy Promotes the In Vitro Clonal Expansion of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2015; 195:901-23. [PMID: 26136429 PMCID: PMC4505957 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Clinical progression of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) reflects the clone's Ag receptor (BCR) and involves stroma-dependent B-CLL growth within lymphoid tissue. Uniformly elevated expression of TLR-9, occasional MYD88 mutations, and BCR specificity for DNA or Ags physically linked to DNA together suggest that TLR-9 signaling is important in driving B-CLL growth in patients. Nevertheless, reports of apoptosis after B-CLL exposure to CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) raised questions about a central role for TLR-9. Because normal memory B cells proliferate vigorously to ODN+IL-15, a cytokine found in stromal cells of bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen, we examined whether this was true for B-CLL cells. Through a CFSE-based assay for quantitatively monitoring in vitro clonal proliferation/survival, we show that IL-15 precludes TLR-9-induced apoptosis and permits significant B-CLL clonal expansion regardless of the clone's BCR mutation status. A robust response to ODN+IL-15 was positively linked to presence of chromosomal anomalies (trisomy-12 or ataxia telangiectasia mutated anomaly + del13q14) and negatively linked to a very high proportion of CD38(+) cells within the blood-derived B-CLL population. Furthermore, a clone's intrinsic potential for in vitro growth correlated directly with doubling time in blood, in the case of B-CLL with Ig H chain V region-unmutated BCR and <30% CD38(+) cells in blood. Finally, in vitro high-proliferator status was statistically linked to diminished patient survival. These findings, together with immunohistochemical evidence of apoptotic cells and IL-15-producing cells proximal to B-CLL pseudofollicles in patient spleens, suggest that collaborative ODN and IL-15 signaling may promote in vivo B-CLL growth.
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MESH Headings
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/metabolism
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Apoptosis/immunology
- Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins/genetics
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Interleukin-15/immunology
- Interleukin-15/pharmacology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/mortality
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/genetics
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/pharmacology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Toll-Like Receptor 9/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K A Mongini
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030; Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY 11549;
| | - Rashmi Gupta
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Erin Boyle
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Jennifer Nieto
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Hyunjoo Lee
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Joanna Stein
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Jela Bandovic
- Department of Pathology, North Shore University Hospital-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Tatjana Stankovic
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Barrientos
- Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Manhasset, NY; and
| | - Jonathan E Kolitz
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030; Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Manhasset, NY; and Department of Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY
| | - Steven L Allen
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030; Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Manhasset, NY; and Department of Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY
| | - Kanti Rai
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030; Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Manhasset, NY; and Department of Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY
| | - Charles C Chu
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030; Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY 11549
| | - Nicholas Chiorazzi
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030; Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY 11549; Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Manhasset, NY; and Department of Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY
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27
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Exosomes released by chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells induce the transition of stromal cells into cancer-associated fibroblasts. Blood 2015; 126:1106-17. [PMID: 26100252 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-12-618025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes derived from solid tumor cells are involved in immune suppression, angiogenesis, and metastasis, but the role of leukemia-derived exosomes has been less investigated. The pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is stringently associated with a tumor-supportive microenvironment and a dysfunctional immune system. Here, we explore the role of CLL-derived exosomes in the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which malignant cells create this favorable surrounding. We show that CLL-derived exosomes are actively incorporated by endothelial and mesenchymal stem cells ex vivo and in vivo and that the transfer of exosomal protein and microRNA induces an inflammatory phenotype in the target cells, which resembles the phenotype of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). As a result, stromal cells show enhanced proliferation, migration, and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, contributing to a tumor-supportive microenvironment. Exosome uptake by endothelial cells increased angiogenesis ex vivo and in vivo, and coinjection of CLL-derived exosomes and CLL cells promoted tumor growth in immunodeficient mice. Finally, we detected α-smooth actin-positive stromal cells in lymph nodes of CLL patients. These findings demonstrate that CLL-derived exosomes actively promote disease progression by modulating several functions of surrounding stromal cells that acquire features of cancer-associated fibroblasts.
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28
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Grzywnowicz M, Karabon L, Karczmarczyk A, Zajac M, Skorka K, Zaleska J, Wlasiuk P, Chocholska S, Tomczak W, Bojarska-Junak A, Dmoszynska A, Frydecka I, Giannopoulos K. The function of a novel immunophenotype candidate molecule PD-1 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 56:2908-13. [PMID: 25682964 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2015.1017820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a negative receptor expressed on lymphocytes including malignant B cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In this work, we found that patients with CLL had a higher expression of PD-1 transcript (PDCD1) than healthy volunteers (p < 0.0001). PDCD1 expression was comparable between CLL cells from accumulation (peripheral blood) and proliferation (bone marrow) disease compartments. In blood samples of patients with mutated IGHV genes PDCD1 expression was higher than with unmutated IGHV (p = 0.0299). We demonstrated that phosphorylation of SYK and LYN, key B-cell receptor signaling kinases, was independent of PD-1 expression in patients with CLL, while ZAP-70 phosphorylation in negative tyrosine residue 292 showed strong inverse correlation (r = - 0.8, p = 0.0019). No associations between five single nucleotide polymorphisms of PDCD1, their expressions and susceptibility to CLL were found. In conclusion, PD-1 might be an independent, universal marker of CLL cells and a part of their activated phenotype, and subsequently might modulate the function of ZAP-70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Grzywnowicz
- a Department of Experimental Hematooncology , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Lidia Karabon
- b Department of Experimental Therapy , Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Karczmarczyk
- a Department of Experimental Hematooncology , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Malgorzata Zajac
- a Department of Experimental Hematooncology , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Skorka
- a Department of Experimental Hematooncology , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Joanna Zaleska
- a Department of Experimental Hematooncology , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Paulina Wlasiuk
- a Department of Experimental Hematooncology , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Sylwia Chocholska
- c Department of Hematooncology and BMT Unit , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Waldemar Tomczak
- c Department of Hematooncology and BMT Unit , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | | | - Anna Dmoszynska
- c Department of Hematooncology and BMT Unit , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Irena Frydecka
- b Department of Experimental Therapy , Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Krzysztof Giannopoulos
- a Department of Experimental Hematooncology , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland.,c Department of Hematooncology and BMT Unit , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
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29
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Rasul E, Salamon D, Nagy N, Leveau B, Banati F, Szenthe K, Koroknai A, Minarovits J, Klein G, Klein E. The MEC1 and MEC2 lines represent two CLL subclones in different stages of progression towards prolymphocytic leukemia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106008. [PMID: 25162594 PMCID: PMC4146575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The EBV carrying lines MEC1 and MEC2 were established earlier from explants of blood derived cells of a chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patient at different stages of progression to prolymphocytoid transformation (PLL). This pair of lines is unique in several respects. Their common clonal origin was proven by the rearrangement of the immunoglobulin genes. The cells were driven to proliferation in vitro by the same indigenous EBV strain. They are phenotypically different and represent subsequent subclones emerging in the CLL population. Furthermore they reflect the clinical progression of the disease. We emphasize that the support for the expression of the EBV encoded growth program is an important differentiation marker of the CLL cells of origin that was shared by the two subclones. It can be surmised that proliferation of EBV carrying cells in vitro, but not in vivo, reflects the efficient surveillance that functions even in the severe leukemic condition. The MEC1 line arose before the aggressive clinical stage from an EBV carrying cell within the subclone that was in the early prolymphocytic transformation stage while the MEC2 line originated one year later, from the subsequent subclone with overt PLL characteristics. At this time the disease was disseminated and the blood lymphocyte count was considerably elevated. The EBV induced proliferation of the MEC cells belonging to the subclones with markers of PLL agrees with earlier reports in which cells of PLL disease were infected in vitro and immortalized to LCL. They prove also that the expression of EBV encoded set of proteins can be determined at the event of infection. This pair of lines is particularly important as they provide in vitro cells that represent the subclonal evolution of the CLL disease. Furthermore, the phenotype of the MEC1 cells shares several characteristics of ex vivo CLL cells.
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MESH Headings
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- B-Lymphocytes/virology
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Clonal Evolution/immunology
- Clone Cells/immunology
- Clone Cells/pathology
- Clone Cells/virology
- Disease Progression
- Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens/genetics
- Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/physiology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/virology
- Leukemia, Prolymphocytic/immunology
- Leukemia, Prolymphocytic/pathology
- Leukemia, Prolymphocytic/virology
- Lymphocyte Count
- Time Factors
- Viral Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Viral Matrix Proteins/metabolism
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Eahsan Rasul
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Instititet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Salamon
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Instititet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noemi Nagy
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Instititet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Leveau
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Instititet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ferenc Banati
- RT-Europe Nonprofit Research Ltd, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Kalman Szenthe
- RT-Europe Nonprofit Research Ltd, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Anita Koroknai
- Microbiological Research Group, National Center for Epidemiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Janos Minarovits
- Microbiological Research Group, National Center for Epidemiology, Budapest, Hungary
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Szeged, Hungary
| | - George Klein
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Instititet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Klein
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Instititet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Stevenson FK, Forconi F, Packham G. The Meaning and Relevance of B-Cell Receptor Structure and Function in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Semin Hematol 2014; 51:158-67. [DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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31
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Maffei R, Bulgarelli J, Fiorcari S, Martinelli S, Castelli I, Valenti V, Rossi D, Bonacorsi G, Zucchini P, Potenza L, Vallisa D, Gattei V, Poeta GD, Forconi F, Gaidano G, Narni F, Luppi M, Marasca R. Endothelin-1 promotes survival and chemoresistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells through ETA receptor. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98818. [PMID: 24901342 PMCID: PMC4046988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelin axis, comprising endothelins (ET-1, ET-2 and ET-3) and their receptors (ET(A)R and ETBR), has emerged as relevant player in tumor growth and metastasis. Here, we investigated the involvement of ET-1/ET(A)R axis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). CLL cells expressed higher levels of ET-1 and ETA receptor as compared to normal B cells. ET-1 peptide stimulated phosphoinositide-3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, improved survival and promoted proliferation of leukemic cells throughout ET(A)R triggering. Moreover, the blockade of ET(A)R by the selective antagonist BQ-123 inhibited the survival advantage acquired by CLL cells in contact with endothelial layers. We also found that blocking ET(A)R via BQ-123 interferes with ERK phosphorylation and CLL pro-survival effect mediated by B-cell receptor (BCR) activation. The pro-apoptotic effect of phosphoinositide-3-kinase δ inhibitor idelalisib and mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor PD98059 was decreased by the addition of ET-1 peptide. Then, ET-1 also reduced the cytotoxic effect of fludarabine on CLL cells cultured alone or co-cultured on endothelial layers. ET(A)R blockade by BQ-123 inhibited the ET-1-mediated protection against drug-induced apoptosis. Lastly, higher plasma levels of big ET-1 were detected in patients (n = 151) with unfavourable prognostic factors and shorter time to first treatment. In conclusion, our data describe for the first time a role of ET-1/ET(A)R signaling in CLL pathobiology. ET-1 mediates survival, drug-resistance, and growth signals in CLL cells that can be blocked by ET(A)R inhibition.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Endothelin A Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Endothelin-1/blood
- Endothelin-1/genetics
- Endothelin-1/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/mortality
- Prognosis
- Receptor, Endothelin A/genetics
- Receptor, Endothelin A/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Maffei
- Hematology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jenny Bulgarelli
- Hematology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefania Fiorcari
- Hematology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Martinelli
- Hematology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Castelli
- Hematology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Davide Rossi
- Hematology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Goretta Bonacorsi
- Hematology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zucchini
- Hematology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Leonardo Potenza
- Hematology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Valter Gattei
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, I.R.C.C.S., Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Giovanni Del Poeta
- Hematology Division, S.Eugenio Hospital and University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Forconi
- Cancer Sciences Unit, CRUK Clinical Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Hematology Division, Department of Clinical Medicine and Immunological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- Hematology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Franco Narni
- Hematology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Mario Luppi
- Hematology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto Marasca
- Hematology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Ghamlouch H, Ouled-Haddou H, Guyart A, Regnier A, Trudel S, Claisse JF, Fuentes V, Royer B, Marolleau JP, Gubler B. Phorbol myristate acetate, but not CD40L, induces the differentiation of CLL B cells into Ab-secreting cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2014; 92:591-604. [PMID: 24797583 PMCID: PMC4134517 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2014.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the capacity of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells to undergo terminal differentiation into Ig-secreting plasma cells in T cell-independent and T cell-dependent responses. We used a two-step model involving stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and CD40L, together with cytokines (PMA/c and CD40L/c), for 7 days. We describe immunophenotypic modifications, changes in the levels of mRNA and protein for transcription factors and morphological and functional events occurring during the differentiation of CLL B cells into antibody-secreting cells (ASCs). The induction of differentiation differed significantly between the CD40L/c and PMA/c culture systems. The PMA/c culture system allowed CLL B cells to differentiate into IgM-secreting cells with an immunophenotype and molecular profile resembling those of preplasmablasts. By contrast, CD40L/c-stimulated cells had a phenotype and morphology similar to those of activated B cells and resembling those of the CLL B cells residing in the lymph node and bone marrow. These data suggest that the CLL B cells are not frozen permanently at a stage of differentiation and are able to differentiate into ASCs as appropriate stimulation are provided. The data presented here raise questions about the molecular processes and stimulation required for CLL B-cell differentiation and about the inability of CD40 ligand to induce differentiation of the CLL B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Ghamlouch
- EA4666, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, UFR de Médecine, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Hakim Ouled-Haddou
- EA4666, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, UFR de Médecine, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Aude Guyart
- EA4666, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, UFR de Médecine, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Aline Regnier
- 1] EA4666, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, UFR de Médecine, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France [2] Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, CHU d'Amiens, Avenue René Laënnec, Amiens, France
| | - Stéphanie Trudel
- 1] EA4666, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, UFR de Médecine, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France [2] Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie Moléculaire, CHU d'Amiens, Avenue René Laënnec, Amiens, France
| | - Jean-François Claisse
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, CHU d'Amiens, Avenue René Laënnec, Amiens, France
| | - Vincent Fuentes
- EA4666, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, UFR de Médecine, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Bruno Royer
- 1] EA4666, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, UFR de Médecine, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France [2] Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, CHU d'Amiens, Avenue René Laënnec, Amiens, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Marolleau
- 1] EA4666, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, UFR de Médecine, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France [2] Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, CHU d'Amiens, Avenue René Laënnec, Amiens, France
| | - Brigitte Gubler
- 1] EA4666, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, UFR de Médecine, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France [2] Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie Moléculaire, CHU d'Amiens, Avenue René Laënnec, Amiens, France
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33
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Brachtl G, Piñón Hofbauer J, Greil R, Hartmann TN. The pathogenic relevance of the prognostic markers CD38 and CD49d in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Ann Hematol 2014; 93:361-74. [PMID: 24288111 PMCID: PMC4032465 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-013-1967-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The interactions of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells with the microenvironment in secondary lymphoid tissues and the bone marrow are known to promote CLL cell survival and proliferation. CD38 and CD49d are both independent prognostic risk parameters in CLL with important roles in shaping these interactions. Both are reported to influence CLL cell trafficking between blood and lymphoid organs as well as their survival and proliferation within the lymphoid organs, thereby impacting the pathophysiology of the disease. The expression of CD38 and CD49d is associated in the majority of cases, and they exist as part of macromolecular complexes. Here, we review the current evidence for the individual and associated contributions of these molecules to CLL pathophysiology.
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MESH Headings
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/blood
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/metabolism
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- Humans
- Integrin alpha4/blood
- Integrin alpha4/metabolism
- Integrin alpha4beta1/blood
- Integrin alpha4beta1/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/blood
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/physiopathology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/blood
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Models, Biological
- Neoplasm Proteins/blood
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Brachtl
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Third Medical Department with Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Haupstraße 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Josefina Piñón Hofbauer
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Third Medical Department with Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Haupstraße 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Greil
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Third Medical Department with Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Haupstraße 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tanja Nicole Hartmann
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Third Medical Department with Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Haupstraße 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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34
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Liu X, Li X, Wang L, Lv X, Chen N, Li P, Lu K, Wang X. Realgar induces apoptosis in the chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell line MEC‑1. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:1866-70. [PMID: 24141727 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of realgar on the viability, proliferation and apoptosis in the human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cell line, MEC‑1. Potential mechanisms mediating the effect were also explored in the experiment. Cultured MEC‑1 cells were incubated with various concentrations of realgar for 24, 48 and 72 h. A WST‑8 assay was employed to evaluate the effect on cell viability. Inhibitory effects on cell proliferation were determined using a 5‑bromodeoxyuridine cell proliferation ELISA. The apoptotic effect on MEC‑1 cells was evaluated by annexin V‑fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide dual staining, followed by flow cytometry. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the mRNA expression levels of BCL2‑associated X protein (BAX), BCL2‑like 1 (Bcl-xL), v‑myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (avian; c‑Myc) and cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21). It was found that viability and proliferation were significantly reduced while apoptotic rates increased in MEC‑1 cells following exposure to realgar. Furthermore, mRNA expression of BAX and c‑Myc was upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in realgar‑treated MEC‑1 cells. In conclusion, the results showed that realgar inhibits viability and prolife-ration and induces apoptosis of MEC‑1 cells in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner. The effect may depend on the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. The results of the present study may be beneficial in the identification of a new target therapy for CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liu
- Department of Hematology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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35
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Gelmez MY, Teker ABA, Aday AD, Yavuz AS, Soysal T, Deniz G, Aktan M. Analysis of activation-induced cytidine deaminase mRNA levels in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia with different cytogenetic status. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 55:326-30. [PMID: 23662991 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.803225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Activation induced cytidine deaminase (AID) enzyme, which converts cytosine into uracil and is expressed only by activated B lymphocytes, plays a role in B cells in both the mechanisms of somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR). There are studies showing that AID can cause numerous translocations in different lymphoproliferative diseases. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the accumulation of monoclonal B cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood. The predictability and clinical status of B-CLL are difficult to determine. About 30-50% of patients have chromosomal abnormalities. AID, which is thought to create fraction segments for translocations, might also cause deletions in DNA regions of 17p13, 11q22.3, 13q14 and 13q34 that are associated with prognostic implications in patients with CLL. In this study, the AID gene expression in patients with CLL with and without deletions was investigated. When compared to healthy subjects and patients without deletions, increased levels of AID expression in patients with deletions of 17p13, 11q22.3 or 13q14 were found, but not for the 13q34 region. Our results show that AID expression may be associated with deletions in patients with CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Y Gelmez
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine (DETAE), Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
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36
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Speedy HE, Sava G, Houlston RS. Inherited susceptibility to CLL. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 792:293-308. [PMID: 24014302 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8051-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is the most common lymphoid malignancy in Western countries, accounting for around a quarter of all leukaemias. Despite a strong familial basis to CLL, with risks in first-degree relatives of CLL cases being increased around sevenfold, the inherited genetic basis of CLL is currently largely unknown. The failure of genetic studies of CLL families to provide support for a major disease-causing locus has suggested a model of susceptibility based on the co-inheritance of multiple low-risk variants, some of which will be common. Recent genome-wide association studies of CLL have vindicated this model of inherited susceptibility to CLL, identifying common variants at multiple independent loci influencing risk. Here we review the evidence for inherited genetic predisposition to CLL and what the currently identified risk loci are telling us about the biology of CLL development.
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MESH Headings
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Genotype
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/epidemiology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/etiology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Speedy
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
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Di Bernardo MC, Broderick P, Harris S, Dyer MJS, Matutes E, Dearden C, Catovsky D, Houlston RS. Risk of developing chronic lymphocytic leukemia is influenced by HLA-A class I variation. Leukemia 2012; 27:255-8. [PMID: 22814293 PMCID: PMC5053357 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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38
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Nuclear overexpression of lymphoid-enhancer-binding factor 1 identifies chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma in small B-cell lymphomas. Mod Pathol 2011; 24:1433-43. [PMID: 21685909 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2011.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoid-enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1), coupling with β-catenin, functions as a key nuclear mediator of WNT/β-catenin signaling, which regulates cell proliferation and survival. LEF1 has an important role in lymphopoiesis, and is normally expressed in T and pro-B cells but not mature B cells. However, gene expression profiling demonstrates overexpression of LEF1 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and knockdown of LEF1 decreases the survival of the leukemic cells. So far, the data on LEF1 expression in B-cell lymphomas are limited. This study represents the first attempt to assess LEF1 by immunohistochemistry in a large series (290 cases) of B-cell lymphomas. Strong nuclear staining of LEF1 was observed in virtually all neoplastic cells in 92 of 92 (100%) chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphomas including two CD5- cases, with strongest staining in cells with Richter's transformation. LEF1 also highlighted the morphologically inconspicuous small lymphocytic lymphoma component in three composite lymphomas. All 53 mantle cell lymphomas, 31 low-grade follicular lymphomas and 31 marginal zone lymphomas, including 3 CD5+ cases, were negative. In 12 grade 3 follicular lymphomas, LEF1 was positive in a small subset (5-15%) of cells. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, however, demonstrated significant variability in LEF1 expression with overall positivity in 27 of 71 (38%) cases. Our results demonstrate that nuclear overexpression of LEF1 is highly associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, and may serve as a convenient marker for differential diagnosis of small B-cell lymphomas. The expression of β-catenin, the coactivator of LEF1 in WNT signaling, was examined in 50 chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphomas, of which 44 (88%) showed negative nuclear staining. The findings of universal nuclear overexpression of LEF1 but lack of nuclear β-catenin in the majority of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma suggest that the pro-survival function of LEF1 in this disease may be independent of WNT/β-catenin signaling.
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Arvaniti E, Ntoufa S, Papakonstantinou N, Touloumenidou T, Laoutaris N, Anagnostopoulos A, Lamnissou K, Caligaris-Cappio F, Stamatopoulos K, Ghia P, Muzio M, Belessi C. Toll-like receptor signaling pathway in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: distinct gene expression profiles of potential pathogenic significance in specific subsets of patients. Haematologica 2011; 96:1644-52. [PMID: 21750087 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2011.044792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signaling through the B-cell receptor appears to be a major contributor to the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Toll-like receptors bridge the innate and adaptive immune responses by acting as co-stimulatory signals for B cells. The available data on the expression of Toll-like receptors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia are limited and derive from small series of patients. DESIGN AND METHODS We profiled the expression of genes associated with Toll-like receptor signaling pathways in 192 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and explored potential associations with molecular features of the clonotypic B-cell receptors. RESULTS Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells express all Toll-like receptors expressed by normal activated B cells, with high expression of TLR7 and CD180, intermediate expression of TLR1, TLR6, TLR10 and low expression of TLR2 and TLR9. The vast majority of adaptors, effectors and members of the NFKB, JNK/p38, NF/IL6 and IRF pathways are intermediately-to-highly expressed, while inhibitors of Toll-like receptor activity are generally low-to-undetectable, indicating that the Toll-like receptor-signaling framework is competent in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Significant differences were identified for selected genes between cases carrying mutated or unmutated IGHV genes or assigned to different subsets with stereotyped B-cell receptors. The differentially expressed molecules include receptors, NFκB/MAPK signaling molecules and final targets of the cascade. CONCLUSIONS The observed variations are suggestive of distinctive activation patterns of the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway in subgroups of cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia defined by the molecular features of B-cell receptors. Additionally, they indicate that different or concomitant signals acting through receptors other than the B-cell receptor can affect the behavior of the malignant clone.
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40
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Kardava L, Yang Q, St Leger A, Foon KA, Lentzsch S, Vallejo AN, Milcarek C, Borghesi L. The B lineage transcription factor E2A regulates apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. Int Immunol 2011; 23:375-84. [PMID: 21551245 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxr027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a common malignancy characterized by the accumulation of B lymphocytes with an antigen-experienced activated CD19(+)CD5(+) clonal phenotype. Clinically, ∼50% of cases will behave more aggressively. Here, we investigate the role of the major B-cell transcription factor E2A, a known regulator of B-cell survival and proliferation, to CLL persistence. We show that E2A is elevated at the mRNA and protein levels relative to normal B-cell subsets. E2A silencing in primary CLL cells leads to a significant increase in spontaneous apoptosis in both CD38(+) (aggressive) and CD38(-) (indolent) cases. Moreover, E2A knockdown synergizes with the immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide to reduce CLL viability. E2A is known to restrain the proliferation of primary B and T lymphocytes at multiple stages of maturation and we report that targeted E2A disruption increases the frequency of Ki-67(+) CLL cells in the absence of effects on de novo proliferation. At the molecular level, E2A siRNA-treated CLL cells display reduced expression of key genes associated with survival and cell cycling including p27, p21 and mcl-1, of which the former two are known E2A target genes. Thus, E2A, a key transcription factor associated with the B-cell activation profile, regulates apoptosis in CLL and may contribute to disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lela Kardava
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15261, USA
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Vaisitti T, Audrito V, Serra S, Bologna C, Brusa D, Malavasi F, Deaglio S. NAD+-metabolizing ecto-enzymes shape tumor-host interactions: the chronic lymphocytic leukemia model. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:1514-20. [PMID: 21514298 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) is an essential co-enzyme that can be released in the extracellular milieu. Here, it may elicit signals through binding purinergic receptors. Alternatively, NAD(+) may be dismantled to adenosine, up-taken by cells and transformed to reconstitute the intracellular nucleotide pool. An articulated ecto-enzyme network is responsible for the nucleotide-nucleoside conversion. CD38 is the main mammalian enzyme that hydrolyzes NAD(+), generating Ca(2+)-active metabolites. Evidence suggests that this extracellular network may be altered or used by tumor cells to (i) nestle in protected areas, and (ii) evade the immune response. We have exploited chronic lymphocytic leukemia as a model to test the role of the ecto-enzyme network, starting by analyzing the individual elements that make up the whole picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Vaisitti
- Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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CD38 as a molecular compass guiding topographical decisions of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2010; 20:416-23. [PMID: 20817095 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CLL is characterized by a dynamic balance between cells proliferating in the lymphoid organs and circulating cells resisting programmed cell death. Regulating this equilibrium entails complex interactions between tumor and host, modulated by a set of surface molecules expressed by the CLL cell according to environmental conditions. The result is a constantly shifting pattern of resistance, apoptosis and proliferation. The CD38 surface molecule is an independent negative prognostic factor expressed by approximately one-third of CLL patients. Our view is that CD38 is crucial to tumor-host communication and that its signals are detrimental to clinical outcome. CD38(+) CLL cells can proliferate in vitro in the presence of anti-CD38 mAbs and IL-2 and are more sensitive to the effects of the CXCL12 chemokine. Blockage of CD38 signals impairs CLL cell movement from blood to lymphoid organs, as confirmed using animal models. One model to be explored considers CD38 a key component of the CLL invadosome, a still hypothetical membrane domain containing adhesion molecules, chemokine receptors and matrix metalloproteases. Some components of the invadosome are genetically polymorphic, explaining heterogeneity in functional response. The CD38 gene shows genetic differences in the promoter region, some of which represent an independent risk for Richter transformation. In addition to driving the clinical outcome of the disease, CD38 is thus an excellent candidate therapeutic target for a significant subset of CLL patients.
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