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Lim JY, Kim E. The Role of Organokines in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes and Their Functions as Molecular Transducers of Nutrition and Exercise. Metabolites 2023; 13:979. [PMID: 37755259 PMCID: PMC10537761 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13090979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining systemic homeostasis requires the coordination of different organs and tissues in the body. Our bodies rely on complex inter-organ communications to adapt to perturbations or changes in metabolic homeostasis. Consequently, the liver, muscle, and adipose tissues produce and secrete specific organokines such as hepatokines, myokines, and adipokines in response to nutritional and environmental stimuli. Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of the interplay of organokines between organs is associated with the pathophysiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Strategies aimed at remodeling organokines may be effective therapeutic interventions. Diet modification and exercise have been established as the first-line therapeutic intervention to prevent or treat metabolic diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on organokines secreted by the liver, muscle, and adipose tissues in obesity and T2D. Additionally, we highlighted the effects of diet/nutrition and exercise on the remodeling of organokines in obesity and T2D. Specifically, we investigated the ameliorative effects of caloric restriction, selective nutrients including ω3 PUFAs, selenium, vitamins, and metabolites of vitamins, and acute/chronic exercise on the dysregulation of organokines in obesity and T2D. Finally, this study dissected the underlying molecular mechanisms by which nutrition and exercise regulate the expression and secretion of organokines in specific tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ye Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eunju Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Huang C, Xu H, Zhou X, Liu M, Li J, Liu C. Systematic Investigations on the Metabolic and Transcriptomic Regulation of Lactate in the Human Colon Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6262. [PMID: 35682941 PMCID: PMC9181574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate, primarily produced by the gut microbiota, performs as a necessary "information transmission carrier" between the gut and the microbiota. To investigate the role of lactate in the gut epithelium cell-microbiota interactions as a metabolic signal, we performed a combinatory, global, and unbiased analysis of metabolomic and transcriptional profiling in human colon epithelial cells (Caco-2), using a lactate treatment at the physiological concentration (8 mM). The data demonstrated that most of the genes in oxidative phosphorylation were significantly downregulated in the Caco-2 cells due to lactate treatment. Consistently, the levels of fumarate, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and creatine significantly decreased, and these are the metabolic markers of OXPHOS inhibition by mitochondria dysfunction. The one-carbon metabolism was affected and the polyol pathway was activated at the levels of gene expression and metabolic alternation. In addition, lactate significantly upregulated the expressions of genes related to self-protection against apoptosis. In conclusion, lactate participates in gut-gut microbiota communications by remodeling the metabolomic and transcriptional signatures, especially for the regulation of mitochondrial function. This work contributes comprehensive information to disclose the molecular mechanisms of lactate-mediated functions in human colon epithelial cells that can help us understand how the microbiota communicates with the intestines through the signaling molecule, lactate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (C.H.); (X.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Huanzhou Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA;
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (C.H.); (X.Z.); (M.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Maili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (C.H.); (X.Z.); (M.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jing Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (C.H.); (X.Z.); (M.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China
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Liu K, Salvati A, Sabirsh A. Physiology, pathology and the biomolecular corona: the confounding factors in nanomedicine design. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:2136-2154. [PMID: 35103268 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08101b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The biomolecular corona that forms on nanomedicines in different physiological and pathological environments confers a new biological identity. How the recipient biological system's state can potentially affect nanomedicine corona formation, and how this can be modulated, remains obscure. With this perspective, this review summarizes the current knowledge about the content of biological fluids in various compartments and how they can be affected by pathological states, thus impacting biomolecular corona formation. The content of representative biological fluids is explored, and the urgency of integrating corona formation, as an essential component of nanomedicine designs for effective cargo delivery, is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Anna Salvati
- Department of Nanomedicine & Drug Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, The Netherlands
| | - Alan Sabirsh
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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A Pilot Study of Gene Expression Analysis in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Response to a Hypocaloric Mediterranean Diet. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:3706753. [PMID: 35059043 PMCID: PMC8766194 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3706753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Few studies have examined gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after a dietary intervention. Objective Our study is aimed at evaluating in a pilot study the peripheral blood gene expression in obese patients after weight loss secondary to a hypocaloric Mediterranean diet. Design A sample of 11 obese subjects without metabolic syndrome was enrolled. Biochemical, anthropometric parameters and microarray analysis were performed at baseline and after 6 months of dietary intervention. Results The mean age was 43.1 ± 6.3 years, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 38.6 ± 8.1 kg/m2. All the next improvements were statistically significant: body weight −7.4 ± 1.9 kg, BMI -2.5 ± 0.2 kg, fat mass −5.7 ± 1.2 kg, waist circumference −5.8 ± 1.2 cm, triglycerides −17.4 ± 6.5 mg/dl, C-reactive protein −3.1 ± 1.5 mg/dL, insulin −2.1 ± 1.0 mUI/L, and HOMA-IR −0.7 ± 0.2 units. We identified 634 differentially expressed genes: 262 genes with relative higher expression levels and 372 with lower expression levels. Cluster analysis showed 35 genes in nutritional disease and 17 genes in endocrine system. The most relevant gene was thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and this gene was overexpressed, and the next genes carbonic anhydrase VI (CA6), caveolin protein 1 (CAV1) and solute carrier family type 12 (SLLC12A3), soluble carrier family type 12 (SLLC12A3), beta 3 receptor (ADRB3), and glutamate receptor ionotropic N methyl D aspartate 2 A (GRIN2A) were all underexpressed. Conclusion In PBMC from obese patients after a diet with a Mediterranean pattern, the expression of 634 genes, of the endocrine system and of nutritional disease, is modified.
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Kökten T, Hansmannel F, Ndiaye NC, Heba AC, Quilliot D, Dreumont N, Arnone D, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Calorie Restriction as a New Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1558-1570. [PMID: 33554240 PMCID: PMC8321869 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immoderate calorie intake coupled with a sedentary lifestyle are major determinants of health issues and inflammatory diseases in modern society. The balance between energy consumption and energy expenditure is critical for longevity. Excessive energy intake and adiposity cause systemic inflammation, whereas calorie restriction (CR) without malnutrition, exerts a potent anti-inflammatory effect. The objective of this review was to provide an overview of different strategies used to reduce calorie intake, discuss physiological mechanisms by which CR might lead to improved health outcomes, and summarize the present knowledge about inflammatory diseases. We discuss emerging data of observational studies and randomized clinical trials on CR that have been shown to reduce inflammation and improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunay Kökten
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm U1256 NGERE (Nutrition—Genetics and Exposure to Environmental Risks), Nancy, France
| | - Franck Hansmannel
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm U1256 NGERE (Nutrition—Genetics and Exposure to Environmental Risks), Nancy, France
| | - Ndeye Coumba Ndiaye
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm U1256 NGERE (Nutrition—Genetics and Exposure to Environmental Risks), Nancy, France
| | - Anne-Charlotte Heba
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm U1256 NGERE (Nutrition—Genetics and Exposure to Environmental Risks), Nancy, France
| | - Didier Quilliot
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm U1256 NGERE (Nutrition—Genetics and Exposure to Environmental Risks), Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU)-Nancy, Department of Diabetology-Endocrinology-Nutrition, Nancy, France
| | - Natacha Dreumont
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm U1256 NGERE (Nutrition—Genetics and Exposure to Environmental Risks), Nancy, France
| | - Djésia Arnone
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm U1256 NGERE (Nutrition—Genetics and Exposure to Environmental Risks), Nancy, France
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm U1256 NGERE (Nutrition—Genetics and Exposure to Environmental Risks), Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU)-Nancy, Department of Gastroenterology, Nancy, France
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Wang X, Yang Q, Liao Q, Li M, Zhang P, Santos HO, Kord-Varkaneh H, Abshirini M. Effects of intermittent fasting diets on plasma concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrition 2020; 79-80:110974. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Méndez-Gutiérrez A, Aguilera CM, Plaza-Díaz J. Extracellular Matrix Remodeling of Adipose Tissue in Obesity and Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194888. [PMID: 31581657 PMCID: PMC6801592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a network of different proteins and proteoglycans that controls differentiation, migration, repair, survival, and development, and it seems that its remodeling is required for healthy adipose tissue expansion. Obesity drives an excessive lipid accumulation in adipocytes, which provokes immune cells infiltration, fibrosis (an excess of deposition of ECM components such as collagens, elastin, and fibronectin) and inflammation, considered a consequence of local hypoxia, and ultimately insulin resistance. To understand the mechanism of this process is a challenge to treat the metabolic diseases. This review is focused at identifying the putative role of ECM in adipose tissue, describing its structure and components, its main tissue receptors, and how it is affected in obesity, and subsequently the importance of an appropriate ECM remodeling in adipose tissue expansion to prevent metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain.
- RG Adipocytes and metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany.
| | - Andrea Méndez-Gutiérrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain.
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
- CIBEROBN (CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Concepción María Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain.
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
- CIBEROBN (CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julio Plaza-Díaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain.
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
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Dao MC, Sokolovska N, Brazeilles R, Affeldt S, Pelloux V, Prifti E, Chilloux J, Verger EO, Kayser BD, Aron-Wisnewsky J, Ichou F, Pujos-Guillot E, Hoyles L, Juste C, Doré J, Dumas ME, Rizkalla SW, Holmes BA, Zucker JD, Clément K. A Data Integration Multi-Omics Approach to Study Calorie Restriction-Induced Changes in Insulin Sensitivity. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1958. [PMID: 30804813 PMCID: PMC6371001 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The mechanisms responsible for calorie restriction (CR)-induced improvement in insulin sensitivity (IS) have not been fully elucidated. Greater insight can be achieved through deep biological phenotyping of subjects undergoing CR, and integration of big data. Materials and Methods: An integrative approach was applied to investigate associations between change in IS and factors from host, microbiota, and lifestyle after a 6-week CR period in 27 overweight or obese adults (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01314690). Partial least squares regression was used to determine associations of change (week 6 - baseline) between IS markers and lifestyle factors (diet and physical activity), subcutaneous adipose tissue (sAT) gene expression, metabolomics of serum, urine and feces, and gut microbiota composition. ScaleNet, a network learning approach based on spectral consensus strategy (SCS, developed by us) was used for reconstruction of biological networks. Results: A spectrum of variables from lifestyle factors (10 nutrients), gut microbiota (10 metagenomics species), and host multi-omics (metabolic features: 84 from serum, 73 from urine, and 131 from feces; and 257 sAT gene probes) most associated with IS were identified. Biological network reconstruction using SCS, highlighted links between changes in IS, serum branched chain amino acids, sAT genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress and ubiquitination, and gut metagenomic species (MGS). Linear regression analysis to model how changes of select variables over the CR period contribute to changes in IS, showed greatest contributions from gut MGS and fiber intake. Conclusion: This work has enhanced previous knowledge on links between host glucose homeostasis, lifestyle factors and the gut microbiota, and has identified potential biomarkers that may be used in future studies to predict and improve individual response to weight-loss interventions. Furthermore, this is the first study showing integration of the wide range of data presented herein, identifying 115 variables of interest with respect to IS from the initial input, consisting of 9,986 variables. Clinical Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01314690).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carlota Dao
- Sorbonne University, French National Institute for Health and Medical Research, NutriOmics Unit, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Nataliya Sokolovska
- Sorbonne University, French National Institute for Health and Medical Research, NutriOmics Unit, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | | | - Séverine Affeldt
- Sorbonne University, French National Institute for Health and Medical Research, NutriOmics Unit, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Pelloux
- Sorbonne University, French National Institute for Health and Medical Research, NutriOmics Unit, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Edi Prifti
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Integromics, ICAN, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, IRD, UMMISCO, Bondy, France
| | - Julien Chilloux
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric O. Verger
- Sorbonne University, French National Institute for Health and Medical Research, NutriOmics Unit, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Brandon D. Kayser
- Sorbonne University, French National Institute for Health and Medical Research, NutriOmics Unit, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Judith Aron-Wisnewsky
- Sorbonne University, French National Institute for Health and Medical Research, NutriOmics Unit, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Nutrition Department, CRNH Ile-de-France, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Farid Ichou
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICANalytics, Paris, France
| | - Estelle Pujos-Guillot
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Plateforme d’Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lesley Hoyles
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Bioscience, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Juste
- National Institute of Agricultural Research, Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Joël Doré
- National Institute of Agricultural Research, Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marc-Emmanuel Dumas
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Salwa W. Rizkalla
- Sorbonne University, French National Institute for Health and Medical Research, NutriOmics Unit, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-Daniel Zucker
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Integromics, ICAN, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, IRD, UMMISCO, Bondy, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne University, French National Institute for Health and Medical Research, NutriOmics Unit, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Nutrition Department, CRNH Ile-de-France, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
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Reynés B, Priego T, Cifre M, Oliver P, Palou A. Peripheral Blood Cells, a Transcriptomic Tool in Nutrigenomic and Obesity Studies: Current State of the Art. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:1006-1020. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bàrbara Reynés
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology; Univ. de les Illes Balears; Palma Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN); Madrid Spain
- Inst. d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa); Palma Spain
| | - Teresa Priego
- Dept. of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine; Univ. Complutense de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Margalida Cifre
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology; Univ. de les Illes Balears; Palma Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN); Madrid Spain
| | - Paula Oliver
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology; Univ. de les Illes Balears; Palma Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN); Madrid Spain
- Inst. d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa); Palma Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology; Univ. de les Illes Balears; Palma Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN); Madrid Spain
- Inst. d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa); Palma Spain
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Pinhel MADS, Nicoletti CF, Noronha NY, de Oliveira BAP, Cortes-Oliveira C, Salgado W, da Silva WA, Souza DRS, Marchini JS, Nonino CB. Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 signaling in obese women changes after bariatric surgery. Nutrition 2018; 54:94-99. [PMID: 29778908 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES After bariatric surgery, modifications to signaling pathway networks including those of the metabolic regulator called mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) may lead to molecular alterations related to energy source availability, systemic nutrients, and catabolic and anabolic cellular processes. This study aimed to identify gene expression changes with regard to the mTOR complex 2 subunit signaling pathway in obese patients before and after bariatric surgery. METHODS The experimental group included 13 obese women who were examined before (preoperative) and 6 mo after (postoperative) Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. The control group included nine apparently eutrophic women matched by age and without any other metabolic diseases (i.e., no diabetes and no liver or kidney diseases). Peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples were collected for RNA extraction and subsequent microarray analysis. RESULTS After this methodological procedure, we identified 47 000 differentially expressed genes. A subsequent bioinformatic analysis showed that three diferentially expressed genes (rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR [RICTOR], phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 [PIK3 R1], and hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha subunit 1A [HIF1 A]) participated in the mTOR signaling pathway. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that RICTOR, PIK3 R1, and HIF1 A were upregulated 6 mo after RYGB surgery (P <0.05). In addition, patients in the experimental group lost weight significantly and presented significant improvement in biochemical/metabolic variables. CONCLUSIONS The weight loss that was induced by RYGB surgery alters the mTOR signaling pathway and specifically the mTOR complex 2 subunit. The increased expression of genes that act in this pathway such as RICTOR, PIK3 R1, and HIF1 A reflects the induced weight loss and improved metabolic indicators (e.g., insulin resistance and lipolysis) that are evidenced in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Augusta de Souza Pinhel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sao Jose do Rio Preto Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Ferreira Nicoletti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia Yumi Noronha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiana Cortes-Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilson Salgado
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirao Preto Medical School of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilson Araujo da Silva
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Doroteia Rossi Silva Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sao Jose do Rio Preto Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio Sergio Marchini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Barbosa Nonino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Sevilla-Villanueva B, Gibert K, Sanchez-Marre M, Fito M, Covas MI. Evaluation of Adherence to Nutritional Intervention Through Trajectory Analysis. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2016; 21:628-634. [PMID: 27925598 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2016.2634698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Classical pre-post intervention studies are often analyzed using traditional statistics. Nevertheless, the nutritional interventions have small effects on the metabolism and traditional statistics are not enough to detect these subtle nutrient effects. Generally, this kind of studies assumes that the participants are adhered to the assigned dietary intervention and directly analyzes its effects over the target parameters. Thus, the evaluation of adherence is generally omitted. Although, sometimes, participants do not effectively adhere to the assigned dietary guidelines. For this reason, the trajectory map is proposed as a visual tool where dietary patterns of individuals can be followed during the intervention and can also be related with nutritional prescriptions. The trajectory analysis is also proposed allowing both analysis: 1) adherence to the intervention and 2) intervention effects. The analysis is made by projecting the differences of the target parameters over the resulting trajectories between states of different time-stamps which might be considered either individually or by groups. The proposal has been applied over a real nutritional study showing that some individuals adhere better than others and some individuals of the control group modify their habits during the intervention. In addition, the intervention effects are different depending on the type of individuals, even some subgroups have opposite response to the same intervention.
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Blood cell transcriptomic-based early biomarkers of adverse programming effects of gestational calorie restriction and their reversibility by leptin supplementation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9088. [PMID: 25766068 PMCID: PMC4357898 DOI: 10.1038/srep09088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The challenge of preventing major chronic diseases requires reliable, early biomarkers. Gestational mild undernutrition in rats is enough to program the offspring to develop later pathologies; the intake of leptin, a breastmilk component, during lactation may reverse these programming effects. We used these models to identify, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), transcriptomic-based early biomarkers of programmed susceptibility to later disorders, and explored their response to neonatal leptin intake. Microarray analysis was performed in PBMCs from the offspring of control and 20% gestational calorie-restricted dams (CR), and CR-rats supplemented with physiological doses of leptin throughout lactation. Notably, leptin supplementation normalised 218 of the 224 mRNA-levels identified in PBMCs associated to undernutrition during pregnancy. These markers may be useful for early identification and subsequent monitoring of individuals who are at risk of later diseases and would specifically benefit from the intake of appropriate amounts of leptin during lactation.
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Bouwman FG, Wang P, van Baak M, Saris WHM, Mariman ECM. Increased β-oxidation with improved glucose uptake capacity in adipose tissue from obese after weight loss and maintenance. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:819-27. [PMID: 23512564 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated protein markers for pathways of the fatty acids (FAs) and glucose metabolism in human adipose tissue after a weight loss program by calorie restriction. METHODS Overweight/obese subjects underwent an intervention of 5 weeks of a very low-calorie diet followed by a 3-week weight maintenance diet. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were sampled before and after the intervention. Seventeen target proteins as markers of metabolic pathways for the uptake and handling of FAs and glucose were quantified by Western blotting and 11 were retrieved from previous proteomics work. Correlation coefficients were calculated among changes of these proteins. RESULTS Short-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, catalase, fatty acid translocase, fatty acid transporter protein 3, adipose triglyceride lipase, fatty acid-binding protein 4, aldolase-C, tubulin-β-5, and annexin A2 changed significantly, and lipoprotein lipase, perilipin 1, and hormone-sensitive lipase tended to change. On an average, increased glucose transporter type 4 translocation was observed, supported by a consistent increase of tyr-24 phosphorylated annexin A2. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that after weight loss by calorie restriction and a short period of maintenance, adipose tissue has an increased capacity for glucose uptake, and lipid mobilization and oxidation. Such metabolic profile may relate to the health benefit of weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freek G Bouwman
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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14
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Leyvraz C, Verdumo C, Suter M, Paroz A, Calmes JM, Marques-Vidal PM, Giusti V. Changes in gene expression profile in human subcutaneous adipose tissue during significant weight loss. Obes Facts 2012; 5:440-51. [PMID: 22797372 DOI: 10.1159/000341137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ1 and 2 (PPARγ1 and 2), 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1), and leptin in adipose tissue (AT) of obese women during weight loss following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and to compare these levels with those obtained in AT of nonobese subjects. METHODS Gene expression was determined by real-time RT-PCR prior to surgery and at 3, 6, and 12 months after RYGB. RESULTS All obese patients lost weight, reaching a mean BMI of 29.3 ± 1.0 kg/m(2) at 1 year after surgery (-33.9 ± 1.5% of their initial body weight). In obese subjects leptin and 11βHSD1 were over-expressed, whereas PPARγ1 was expressed at lower levels compared to controls. After surgery, leptin and 11βHSD1 gene expression decreased, whereas PPARγ1 expression increased. At 12 months after RYGB, these 3 genes had reached levels similar to the controls. In contrast, PPARγ2 gene expression was not different between groups and types of tissue and remained unchanged during weight loss. We found a positive correlation between BMI and levels of gene expression of leptin and 11βHSD1. CONCLUSION Gene expression of leptin, PPARγ1, and 11βHSD1 in AT is modified in human obesity. This default is completely corrected by RYGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Leyvraz
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Rizkalla SW, Prifti E, Cotillard A, Pelloux V, Rouault C, Allouche R, Laromiguière M, Kong L, Darakhshan F, Massiera F, Clement K. Differential effects of macronutrient content in 2 energy-restricted diets on cardiovascular risk factors and adipose tissue cell size in moderately obese individuals: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95:49-63. [PMID: 22170375 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.017277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most effective and safe dietary approach for weight loss and its impact on the metabolic functions and morphology of adipose tissue remain unclear. OBJECTIVES We evaluated whether an energy-restricted high-protein diet with a low glycemic index and soluble fiber (LC-P-LGI) would be more effective than a low-calorie conventional diet (LC-CONV) on weight loss and related metabolic risk factors. We further determined factors that may influence adipocyte size during energy restriction. DESIGN Thirteen obese participants were randomly assigned in a crossover design to 2 periods of a 4-wk hypocaloric diet as either LC-P-LGI or LC-CONV, separated by 8-wk washout intervals. RESULTS In comparison with the LC-CONV diet, the main effect of the LC-P-LGI diet was a greater decrease in adipocyte diameter (P = 0.048), plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor protein-1 (P = 0.019), vascular endothelial growth factor (P = 0.032), and interferon-γ inducible protein 10 (P = 0.010). Whereas fasting plasma glucose and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein decreased only after the LC-P-LGI diet, with no differences between diets, fasting plasma insulin and insulin resistance were lower after the LC-CONV diet. The diet results did not differ for body composition and lipid variables. Kinetic modifications in adipocyte diameter were associated with metabolic variables and genes implicated in adipocyte proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS In comparison with the LC-CONV diet, the LC-P-LGI diet was associated with improvement in some cardiometabolic risk factors and greater reduction in adipocyte size. Profiles of genes involved in inhibiting adipogenesis and angiogenesis, but increasing apoptosis, were correlated with decreased adipocyte size. This study provides insight into the adipose tissue-remodeling changes that induce regulation of adipocyte size during dietary weight loss. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01312740.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa W Rizkalla
- INSERM, U, Nutriomique Team 7, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMR S, Paris, France.
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Mutch DM, Pers TH, Temanni MR, Pelloux V, Marquez-Quiñones A, Holst C, Martinez JA, Babalis D, van Baak MA, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Walker CG, Astrup A, Saris WHM, Langin D, Viguerie N, Zucker JD, Clément K. A distinct adipose tissue gene expression response to caloric restriction predicts 6-mo weight maintenance in obese subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 94:1399-409. [PMID: 22030226 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.110.006858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight loss has been shown to reduce risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease and diabetes; however, successful maintenance of weight loss continues to pose a challenge. OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to assess whether changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue (scAT) gene expression during a low-calorie diet (LCD) could be used to differentiate and predict subjects who experience successful short-term weight maintenance from subjects who experience weight regain. DESIGN Forty white women followed a dietary protocol consisting of an 8-wk LCD phase followed by a 6-mo weight-maintenance phase. Participants were classified as weight maintainers (WMs; 0-10% weight regain) and weight regainers (WRs; 50-100% weight regain) by considering changes in body weight during the 2 phases. Anthropometric measurements, bioclinical variables, and scAT gene expression were studied in all individuals before and after the LCD. Energy intake was estimated by using 3-d dietary records. RESULTS No differences in body weight and fasting insulin were observed between WMs and WRs at baseline or after the LCD period. The LCD resulted in significant decreases in body weight and in several plasma variables in both groups. WMs experienced a significant reduction in insulin secretion in response to an oral-glucose-tolerance test after the LCD; in contrast, no changes in insulin secretion were observed in WRs after the LCD. An ANOVA of scAT gene expression showed that genes regulating fatty acid metabolism, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and apoptosis were regulated differently by the LCD in WM and WR subjects. CONCLUSION This study suggests that LCD-induced changes in insulin secretion and scAT gene expression may have the potential to predict successful short-term weight maintenance. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00390637.
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Marchi M, Lisi S, Curcio M, Barbuti S, Piaggi P, Ceccarini G, Nannipieri M, Anselmino M, Di Salvo C, Vitti P, Pinchera A, Santini F, Maffei M. Human leptin tissue distribution, but not weight loss-dependent change in expression, is associated with methylation of its promoter. Epigenetics 2011; 6:1198-206. [PMID: 21931275 DOI: 10.4161/epi.6.10.16600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a master regulator of energy homeostasis. Its expression, prevalently localized in adipocytes, is positively related to adipose mass. Epigenetics is emerging as an important contributor to the changes in gene expression undergone by adipose tissue during obesity. We herein investigated the involvement of methylation-dependent mechanisms in leptin regulation in humans. We studied the methylation profile of a 305 bp region in the leptin promoter and analyzed the correspondent leptin expression in visceral adipocyte fraction (AF) and stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of white adipose tissue (WAT) and liver. We found an inverse relationship between methylation and leptin expression with AF displaying a lower methylation density (8%) than SVF and liver (18%, 21%). We evidenced a hot spot region, which mostly differentiates AF versus liver. This includes C15 and 21, which are within the recognition sequences for the transcription factors Sp1 and C/EBP, and C22-23/24, flanking a TATA box. In vitro studies demonstrated that demethylation (by decitabine) increase or de novo activate leptin expression in primary fibroblasts and HeLa cells, respectively. A longitudinal study carried out in patients analyzed before and after bariatric surgery-induced weight loss indicated that in this case decrease in WAT leptin expression (about 50%) does not correspond to changes in promoter methylation density. In conclusion, methylation density in the leptin promoter constitutes one control level for cell type specific leptin expression, whereas weight-loss induced changes in leptin expression does not seem to be methylation-dependent.
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Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and adipocytes. J Lipids 2011; 2011:721686. [PMID: 21811683 PMCID: PMC3146987 DOI: 10.1155/2011/721686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndromes are examples whereby excess energy consumption and energy flux disruptions are causative agents of increased fatness. Because other, as yet elucidated, cellular factors may be involved and because potential treatments of these metabolic problems involve systemic agents that are not adipose depot-specific in their actions, should we be thinking of adipose depot-specific (cellular) treatments for these problems? For sure, whether treating obesity or metabolic syndrome, the characteristics of all adipose depot-specific adipocytes and stromal vascular cells should be considered. The focus of this paper is to begin to align metabolic dysfunctions with specific characteristics of adipocytes.
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Abstract
A reduction in calorie intake [caloric restriction (CR)] appears to consistently decrease the biological rate of aging in a variety of organisms as well as protect against age-associated diseases including chronic inflammatory disorders such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Although the mechanisms behind this observation are not fully understood, identification of the main metabolic pathways affected by CR has generated interest in finding molecular targets that could be modulated by CR mimetics. This review describes the general concepts of CR and CR mimetics as well as discusses evidence related to their effects on inflammation and chronic inflammatory disorders. Additionally, emerging evidence related to the effects of CR on periodontal disease in non-human primates is presented. While the implementation of this type of dietary intervention appears to be challenging in our modern society where obesity is a major public health problem, CR mimetics could offer a promising alternative to control and perhaps prevent several chronic inflammatory disorders including periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A González
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536-0305, USA.
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20
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Marques MA, Combes M, Roussel B, Vidal-Dupont L, Thalamas C, Lafontan M, Viguerie N. Impact of a mechanical massage on gene expression profile and lipid mobilization in female gluteofemoral adipose tissue. Obes Facts 2011; 4:121-9. [PMID: 21577019 PMCID: PMC6444793 DOI: 10.1159/000327347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gluteofemoral adipose tissue areas are known to be poorly metabolically reactive. Mechanical massage has previously been reported to show morphological and functional impact on this tissue. The present study was carried out to delve more deeply into the mechanistic considerations regarding the incidence of a mechanical massage technique on gene expression profile and β-adrenergic-mediated lipid mobilization in female femoral adipose tissue. METHODS Twelve premenopausal healthy women were included and received 12 sessions of calibrated mechanical massage (Endermologie®). Total RNA was extracted from femoral adipose tissue biopsies for gene expression studies. Microdialysis was carried out in the femoral adipose tissue in order to assess lipolytic responsiveness (via glycerol determination) and changes in local blood flow following perfusion of a lipolytic agent, isoproterenol. Evaluations were performed before and after the 6-week experimental period. RESULTS Mechanical massage initiated important modifications in gene expression profile. The lipid-mobilizing effect of isoproterenol was enhanced after the experimental period. Basal local blood flow and isoproterenol-induced vasodilatation were also improved. CONCLUSION The protocol of mechanical massage used in the study promoted noticeable changes in the expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways. The lipolytic and local adipose tissue blood flow responses initiated by isoproterenol were significantly enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Adeline Marques
- Inserm, UMR 1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine Institute
- IFR150, Biomedical Research Federative Institute of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, University of Toulouse, Toulouse
| | - Marion Combes
- Inserm, UMR 1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine Institute
- IFR150, Biomedical Research Federative Institute of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, University of Toulouse, Toulouse
| | - Balbine Roussel
- Inserm, UMR 1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine Institute
- IFR150, Biomedical Research Federative Institute of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, University of Toulouse, Toulouse
| | | | - Claire Thalamas
- Inserm, UMR 1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine Institute
- Clinical Investigation Center Inserm CIC-9302, University Hospital Centre of Toulouse, France
| | - Max Lafontan
- Inserm, UMR 1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine Institute
- IFR150, Biomedical Research Federative Institute of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, University of Toulouse, Toulouse
| | - Nathalie Viguerie
- Inserm, UMR 1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine Institute
- IFR150, Biomedical Research Federative Institute of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, University of Toulouse, Toulouse
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21
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Márquez-Quiñones A, Mutch DM, Debard C, Wang P, Combes M, Roussel B, Holst C, Martinez JA, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Kalouskova P, Jebb S, Babalis D, Pfeiffer AFH, Larsen TM, Astrup A, Saris WHM, Mariman E, Clément K, Vidal H, Langin D, Viguerie N. Adipose tissue transcriptome reflects variations between subjects with continued weight loss and subjects regaining weight 6 mo after caloric restriction independent of energy intake. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 92:975-84. [PMID: 20739421 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms underlying body weight evolution after diet-induced weight loss are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify and characterize differences in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) transcriptome of subjects with different weight changes after energy restriction-induced weight loss during 6 mo on 4 different diets. DESIGN After an 8-wk low-calorie diet (800 kcal/d), we randomly assigned weight-reduced obese subjects from 8 European countries to receive 4 diets that differed in protein and glycemic index content. In addition to anthropometric and plasma markers, SAT biopsies were taken at the beginning [clinical investigation day (CID) 2] and end (CID3) of the weight follow-up period. Microarray analysis was used to define SAT gene expression profiles at CID2 and CID3 in 22 women with continued weight loss (successful group) and in 22 women with weight regain (unsuccessful group) across the 4 dietary arms. RESULTS Differences in SAT gene expression patterns between successful and unsuccessful groups were mainly due to weight variations rather than to differences in dietary macronutrient content. An analysis of covariance with total energy intake as a covariate identified 1338 differentially expressed genes. Cellular growth and proliferation, cell death, cellular function, and maintenance were the main biological processes represented in SAT from subjects who regained weight. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was the major pattern associated with continued weight loss. CONCLUSIONS The ability to control body weight loss independent of energy intake or diet composition is reflected in the SAT transcriptome. Although cell proliferation may be detrimental, a greater mitochondrial energy gene expression is suggested as being beneficial for weight control. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00390637.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Márquez-Quiñones
- Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U858, Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Toulouse, France
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Valle A, Sastre-Serra J, Roca P, Oliver J. Modulation of white adipose tissue proteome by aging and calorie restriction. Aging Cell 2010; 9:882-94. [PMID: 20707866 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2010.00613.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with an accrual of body fat, progressive development of insulin resistance and other obesity comorbidities that contribute to decrease life span. Caloric restriction (CR), which primarily affects energy stores in adipose tissue, is known to extend life span and retard the aging process in animal models. In this study, a proteomic approach combining 2-DE and MS was used to identify proteins modulated by aging and CR in rat white adipose tissue proteome. Proteomic analysis revealed 133 differentially expressed spots, 57 of which were unambiguously identified by MS. Although CR opposed part of the age-associated protein expression patterns, many effects of CR were on proteins unaltered by age, suggesting that the effects of CR on adipose tissue are only weakly related to those of aging. Particularly, CR and aging altered glucose, intermediate and lipid metabolism, with CR enhancing the expression of enzymes involved in oxalacetate and NADPH production, lipid biosynthesis and lipolysis. Consistently, insulin-β and β3-adrenergic receptors were also increased by CR, which denotes improved sensitivity to lipogenic/lipolytic stimuli. Other beneficial outcomes of CR were an improvement in oxidative stress, preventing the age-associated decrease in several antioxidant enzymes. Proteins involved in cytoskeleton, iron storage, energy metabolism and several proteins with novel or unknown functions in adipose tissue were also modulated by age and/or CR. Such orchestrated changes in expression of multiple proteins provide insights into the mechanism underlying CR effects, ultimately allowing the discovery of new markers of aging and targets for the development of CR-mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamo Valle
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Spain.
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23
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Simopoulos AP. Genetic variants in the metabolism of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids: their role in the determination of nutritional requirements and chronic disease risk. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2010; 235:785-95. [PMID: 20558833 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2010.009298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The tissue composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids is important to health and depends on both dietary intake and metabolism controlled by genetic polymorphisms that should be taken into consideration in the determination of nutritional requirements. Therefore at the same dietary intake of linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), their respective health effects may differ due to genetic differences in metabolism. Delta-5 and delta-6 desaturases, FADS1 and FADS2, respectively, influence the serum, plasma and membrane phospholipid levels of LA, ALA and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids during pregnancy, lactation, and may influence an infant's IQ, atopy and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. At low intakes of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), polymorphisms at the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) level increase the risk for CHD whereas polymorphisms at cyclooxgenase-2 increase the risk for prostate cancer. At high intakes of LA the risk for breast cancer increases. EPA and DHA influence gene expression. In future, intervention studies on the biological effects of LA, ALA and LC-PUFAs, and the effects of genetic variants in FADS1 and FADS2, 5-LO and cyclooxygenase-2 should be taken into consideration both in the determination of nutritional requirements and chronic disease risk. Furthermore, genome-wide association studies need to include environmental exposures and include diet in the interaction between genetic variation and disease association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemis P Simopoulos
- The Center for Genetics, Nutrition and Health, 2001 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20009, USA.
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25
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Eder K, Baffy N, Falus A, Fulop AK. The major inflammatory mediator interleukin-6 and obesity. Inflamm Res 2009; 58:727-36. [PMID: 19543691 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-009-0060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is one of the main sources of inflammatory mediators, with interleukin-6 (IL-6) among them. Although high systemic levels of inflammatory mediators are cachectogenic and/or anorexic, today it is a widely propagated thesis that in the background of obesity, a low level of chronic inflammation can be found, with IL-6 being one of the many suggested mediators. This paper reviews the studies describing elevated IL-6 levels in obese patients and the role of adipocytes and adipose-tissue macrophages in the production of IL-6. The secretion of IL-6 is regulated by several physiologic or pathologic factors: hormones, cytokines, diet, physical activity, stress, hypoxia, and others. Adipose tissue-derived IL-6 may have an effect on metabolism through several mechanisms, including adipose tissue-specific gene expression, triglyceride release, lipoprotein lipase downregulation, insulin sensitivity, and so on. Having a better understanding of these mechanisms may contribute to the prevention and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Eder
- Research Group for Inflammation Biology and Immunogenomics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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26
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Crujeiras AB, Parra D, Milagro FI, Goyenechea E, Larrarte E, Margareto J, Martínez JA. Differential Expression of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Related Genes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Response to a Low-Calorie Diet: A Nutrigenomics Study. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2008; 12:251-61. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2008.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana B. Crujeiras
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Dolores Parra
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermín I. Milagro
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Estibaliz Goyenechea
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Effects of caloric restriction on inflammatory periodontal disease. Nutrition 2008; 25:88-97. [PMID: 18929461 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2008.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2007] [Revised: 05/12/2008] [Accepted: 07/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary caloric restriction (CR) has been found to reduce systemic markers of inflammation and may attenuate the effects of chronic inflammatory conditions. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of long-term CR on naturally occurring chronic inflammatory periodontal disease in a nonhuman primate model. METHODS The effects of long-term CR on extent and severity of naturally occurring chronic periodontal disease, local inflammatory and immune responses, and periodontal microbiology, were evaluated in a cohort of 81 (35 female and 46 male; 13-40 y of age) rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with no previous exposure to routine oral hygiene. CR monkeys had been subjected to 30% CR for 13-17 y relative to control-fed (CON) animals starting at 3-5 y of age. RESULTS Same sex CR and CON monkeys exhibited similar levels of plaque, calculus, and bleeding on probing. Among CON animals, males showed significantly greater periodontal breakdown, as reflected by higher mean clinical attachment level and periodontal probing depth scores, than females. CR males exhibited significantly less periodontal pocketing, lower IgG antibody response, and lower IL-8 and ss-glucuronidase levels compared to CON males, whereas CR females showed a lower IgG antibody response but comparable clinical parameters and inflammatory marker levels relative to CON females. Long-term CR had no demonstrable effect on the periodontal microbiota. CONCLUSION Males demonstrated greater risk for naturally occurring periodontal disease than females. Long-term CR may differentially reduce the production of local inflammatory mediators and risk for inflammatory periodontal disease among males but not females.
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Valle A, Silvestri E, Moreno M, Chambery A, Oliver J, Roca P, Goglia F. Combined Effect of Gender and Caloric Restriction on Liver Proteomic Expression Profile. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:2872-81. [DOI: 10.1021/pr800086t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adamo Valle
- Grup de Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera Valldeomssa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain, Dipartamento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port′ Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Univesità di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Elena Silvestri
- Grup de Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera Valldeomssa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain, Dipartamento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port′ Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Univesità di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Moreno
- Grup de Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera Valldeomssa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain, Dipartamento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port′ Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Univesità di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Angela Chambery
- Grup de Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera Valldeomssa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain, Dipartamento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port′ Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Univesità di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Jordi Oliver
- Grup de Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera Valldeomssa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain, Dipartamento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port′ Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Univesità di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Pilar Roca
- Grup de Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera Valldeomssa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain, Dipartamento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port′ Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Univesità di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Fernando Goglia
- Grup de Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera Valldeomssa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain, Dipartamento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port′ Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Univesità di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
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Li S, Zhang HY, Hu CC, Lawrence F, Gallagher KE, Surapaneni A, Estrem ST, Calley JN, Varga G, Dow ER, Chen Y. Assessment of diet-induced obese rats as an obesity model by comparative functional genomics. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008; 16:811-8. [PMID: 18239588 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2007.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We applied a comparative functional genomics approach to evaluate whether diet-induced obese (DIO) rats serve as an effective obesity model. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Gene-expression profiles of epididymal fat from DIO and lean rats were generated using microarrays and compared with the published array data of obese and non-obese human subcutaneous adipocytes. RESULTS Caloric intake and fuel efficiency were significantly higher in DIO rats, which resulted in increased body weight and adiposity. Circulating glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, and leptin levels in DIO rats were significantly higher than those in the lean controls. DIO rats also exhibited impaired insulin sensitivity. A direct comparison of gene-expression profiles from DIO and lean rats and those from obese and non-obese humans revealed that global gene-expression patterns in DIO rat fat resemble those of obese human adipocytes. Differentially expressed genes between obese and non-obese subjects in both human and rat studies were identified and associated with biological pathways by mapping genes to Gene Ontology (GO) categories. Immune response-related genes and angiogenesis-related genes exhibited significant upregulation in both obese humans and DIO rats when compared with non-obese controls. However, genes in fatty acid metabolism and oxidation exhibited a broad downregulation only in obese human adipocytes but not in DIO rat epididymal fat. DISCUSSION Our study based on gene-expression profiling suggested that DIO rats in general represent an appropriate obesity model. However, the discrepancies in gene-expression alterations between DIO rats and obese humans, particularly in the metabolic pathways, may explain the limitations of using DIO rodent models in obesity research and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Li
- Integrative Biology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Henegar C, Tordjman J, Achard V, Lacasa D, Cremer I, Guerre-Millo M, Poitou C, Basdevant A, Stich V, Viguerie N, Langin D, Bedossa P, Zucker JD, Clement K. Adipose tissue transcriptomic signature highlights the pathological relevance of extracellular matrix in human obesity. Genome Biol 2008; 9:R14. [PMID: 18208606 PMCID: PMC2395253 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2008-9-1-r14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Revised: 09/29/2007] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of the transcriptomic signature of white adipose tissue in obese human subjects revealed increased interstitial fibrosis and an infiltration of inflammatory cells into the tissue. Background Investigations performed in mice and humans have acknowledged obesity as a low-grade inflammatory disease. Several molecular mechanisms have been convincingly shown to be involved in activating inflammatory processes and altering cell composition in white adipose tissue (WAT). However, the overall importance of these alterations, and their long-term impact on the metabolic functions of the WAT and on its morphology, remain unclear. Results Here, we analyzed the transcriptomic signature of the subcutaneous WAT in obese human subjects, in stable weight conditions and after weight loss following bariatric surgery. An original integrative functional genomics approach was applied to quantify relations between relevant structural and functional themes annotating differentially expressed genes in order to construct a comprehensive map of transcriptional interactions defining the obese WAT. These analyses highlighted a significant up-regulation of genes and biological themes related to extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents, including members of the integrin family, and suggested that these elements could play a major mediating role in a chain of interactions that connect local inflammatory phenomena to the alteration of WAT metabolic functions in obese subjects. Tissue and cellular investigations, driven by the analysis of transcriptional interactions, revealed an increased amount of interstitial fibrosis in obese WAT, associated with an infiltration of different types of inflammatory cells, and suggest that phenotypic alterations of human pre-adipocytes, induced by a pro-inflammatory environment, may lead to an excessive synthesis of ECM components. Conclusion This study opens new perspectives in understanding the biology of human WAT and its pathologic changes indicative of tissue deterioration associated with the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneliu Henegar
- INSERM, UMR-S 872, Les Cordeliers, Eq, 7 Nutriomique and Eq, 13, Paris, F-75006 France.
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31
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Mutch DM, Temanni MR, Henegar C, Combes F, Pelloux V, Holst C, Sørensen TIA, Astrup A, Martinez JA, Saris WHM, Viguerie N, Langin D, Zucker JD, Clément K. Adipose gene expression prior to weight loss can differentiate and weakly predict dietary responders. PLoS One 2007; 2:e1344. [PMID: 18094752 PMCID: PMC2147074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to identify obese individuals who will successfully lose weight in response to dietary intervention will revolutionize disease management. Therefore, we asked whether it is possible to identify subjects who will lose weight during dietary intervention using only a single gene expression snapshot. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The present study involved 54 female subjects from the Nutrient-Gene Interactions in Human Obesity-Implications for Dietary Guidelines (NUGENOB) trial to determine whether subcutaneous adipose tissue gene expression could be used to predict weight loss prior to the 10-week consumption of a low-fat hypocaloric diet. Using several statistical tests revealed that the gene expression profiles of responders (8-12 kgs weight loss) could always be differentiated from non-responders (<4 kgs weight loss). We also assessed whether this differentiation was sufficient for prediction. Using a bottom-up (i.e. black-box) approach, standard class prediction algorithms were able to predict dietary responders with up to 61.1%+/-8.1% accuracy. Using a top-down approach (i.e. using differentially expressed genes to build a classifier) improved prediction accuracy to 80.9%+/-2.2%. CONCLUSION Adipose gene expression profiling prior to the consumption of a low-fat diet is able to differentiate responders from non-responders as well as serve as a weak predictor of subjects destined to lose weight. While the degree of prediction accuracy currently achieved with a gene expression snapshot is perhaps insufficient for clinical use, this work reveals that the comprehensive molecular signature of adipose tissue paves the way for the future of personalized nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Mutch
- INSERM, Nutriomique U872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Pierre and Marie Curie University, UMR S 872, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMR S 872, Paris, France
| | - M. Ramzi Temanni
- INSERM, Nutriomique U872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Pierre and Marie Curie University, UMR S 872, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Informatique Medicale and Bio-Informatique (LIM&BIO) EA3969, Paris Nord University, Bobigny, France
| | - Corneliu Henegar
- INSERM, Nutriomique U872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Pierre and Marie Curie University, UMR S 872, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMR S 872, Paris, France
| | - Florence Combes
- INSERM, Nutriomique U872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Pierre and Marie Curie University, UMR S 872, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMR S 872, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Pelloux
- INSERM, Nutriomique U872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Pierre and Marie Curie University, UMR S 872, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMR S 872, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Nutrition and Endocrinology, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ile de France (CRNH, Idf), Paris, France
| | - Claus Holst
- Centre for Health and Society, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I. A. Sørensen
- Centre for Health and Society, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J. Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Wim H. M. Saris
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Viguerie
- Inserm U858, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Laboratoire de recherches sur les obésités, Toulouse, France
- Institut Louis Bugnard, Université Paul Sabatier, IFR31, Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Langin
- Inserm U858, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Laboratoire de recherches sur les obésités, Toulouse, France
- Institut Louis Bugnard, Université Paul Sabatier, IFR31, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Laboratoire de biochimie, Institut Fédératif de Biologie de Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Zucker
- INSERM, Nutriomique U872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Pierre and Marie Curie University, UMR S 872, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMR S 872, Paris, France
| | - Karine Clément
- INSERM, Nutriomique U872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Pierre and Marie Curie University, UMR S 872, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMR S 872, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Nutrition and Endocrinology, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ile de France (CRNH, Idf), Paris, France
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Elliott R, Pico C, Dommels Y, Wybranska I, Hesketh J, Keijer J. Nutrigenomic approaches for benefit-risk analysis of foods and food components: defining markers of health. Br J Nutr 2007; 98:1095-100. [PMID: 17678571 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114507803400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To be able to perform a comprehensive and rigorous benefit-risk analysis of individual food components, and of foods, a number of fundamental questions need to be addressed first. These include whether it is feasible to detect all relevant biological effects of foods and individual food components, how such effects can confidently be categorised into benefits and risks in relation to health and, for that matter, how health can be quantified. This article examines the last of these issues, focusing upon concepts for the development of new biomarkers of health. Clearly, there is scope for refinement of classical biomarkers so that they may be used to detect even earlier signs of disease, but this approach defines health solely as the absence of detectable disease or disease risk. We suggest that the health of a biological system may better be reflected by its ability to withstand and manage relevant physiological challenges so that homeostasis is maintained. We discuss the potential for expanding the range of current challenge tests for use in conjunction with functional genomic technologies to develop new types of biomarkers of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Elliott
- Institute of Food Research, Colney, Norwich, UK.
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van Beek EA, Bakker AH, Kruyt PM, Hofker MH, Saris WH, Keijer J. Intra- and interindividual variation in gene expression in human adipose tissue. Pflugers Arch 2007; 453:851-61. [PMID: 17061120 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-006-0164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2006] [Revised: 08/07/2006] [Accepted: 08/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a highly plastic tissue with an important endocrine and metabolic function. To understand its role in human health and disease, it is necessary to understand the extent of variation and the specific differences within and between different depots and subjects. We employed cDNA microarray analysis to investigate this in human subjects ranging from lean to mildly obese. We observe (1) high similarity between different samples of one adipose depot, (2) only small differences between the subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue depot and (3) larger differences in gene expression between different individuals (per depot). The major variation within adipose depots can be attributed to differences in the non-adipocyte component of adipose tissue. Using only non-obese subjects, we identified genes that were consistently differentially expressed between subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue, despite the variation in gene expression between these subjects. Using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), vimentin (Vim), four and a half LIMs domains (FHL1), CD36 (all higher in subcutaneous adipose tissue) and Matrix Gla protein (MGP; lower in subcutaneous adipose tissue) were confirmed to be significantly differentially expressed between depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther A van Beek
- Bioactives group, RIKILT- Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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35
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Bour S, Daviaud D, Gres S, Lefort C, Prévot D, Zorzano A, Wabitsch M, Saulnier-Blache JS, Valet P, Carpéné C. Adipogenesis-related increase of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase and monoamine oxidase in human adipocytes. Biochimie 2007; 89:916-25. [PMID: 17400359 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2007.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2006] [Accepted: 02/16/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A strong induction of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) has previously been reported during murine preadipocyte lineage differentiation but it remains unknown whether this emergence also occurs during adipogenesis in man. Our aim was to compare SSAO and monoamine oxidase (MAO) expression during in vitro differentiation of human preadipocytes and in adipose and stroma-vascular fractions of human fat depots. A human preadipocyte cell strain from a patient with Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome was first used to follow amine oxidase expression during in vitro differentiation. Then, human preadipocytes isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissues were cultured under conditions promoting ex vivo adipose differentiation and tested for MAO and SSAO expression. Lastly, human adipose tissue was separated into mature adipocyte and stroma-vascular fractions for analyses of MAO and SSAO at mRNA, protein and activity levels. Both SSAO and MAO were increased from undifferentiated preadipocytes to lipid-laden cells in all the models: 3T3-F442A and 3T3-L1 murine lineages, human SGBS cell strain or human preadipocytes in primary culture. In human subcutaneous adipose tissue, the adipocyte-enriched fraction exhibited seven-fold higher amine oxidase activity and contained three- to seven-fold higher levels of mRNAs encoded by MAO-A, MAO-B, AOC3 and AOC2 genes than the stroma-vascular fraction. MAO-A and AOC3 genes accounted for the majority of their respective MAO and SSAO activities in human adipose tissue. Most of the SSAO and MAO found in adipose tissue originated from mature adipocytes. Although the mechanism and role of adipogenesis-related increase in amine oxidase expression remain to be established, the resulting elevated levels of amine oxidase activities found in human adipocytes may be of potential interest for therapeutic intervention in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Bour
- U858 INSERM, I2MR, IFR 31, CHU Rangueil, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Ralf Paus L, Klein J, Permana PA, Owecki M, Chaldakov GN, Böhm M, Hausman G, Lapière CM, Atanassova P, Sowiński J, Fasshauer M, Hausman DB, Maquoi E, Tonchev AB, Peneva VN, Vlachanov KP, Fiore M, Aloe L, Slominski A, Reardon CL, Ryan TJ, Pond CM. What are subcutaneous adipocytesreallygood for…? Exp Dermatol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2006.00519.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Paus R, Atanassova P, Tonchev AB, Peneva VN, Chaldakov GN, Valchanov KP, Fiore M, Aloe L. Viewpoint 3. Exp Dermatol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2006.00519_5.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Vidaillac C, Guillon J, Arpin C, Forfar-Bares I, Ba BB, Grellet J, Moreau S, Caignard DH, Jarry C, Quentin C. Synthesis of omeprazole analogues and evaluation of these as potential inhibitors of the multidrug efflux pump NorA of Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 51:831-8. [PMID: 17101679 PMCID: PMC1803156 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01306-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 11 pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline derivatives, 1a to 1k, sharing structural analogies with omeprazole, a eukaryotic efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) used as an antiulcer agent, was synthesized. Their inhibitory effect was evaluated using Staphylococcus aureus strain SA-1199B overexpressing NorA. By determinations of the MIC of norfloxacin in the presence of these EPIs devoid of intrinsic antibacterial activity and used at 128 microg/ml, and by the checkerboard method, compound 1e (MIC decrease, 16-fold; fractional inhibitory concentration index [SigmaFIC], 0.18) appeared to be more active than compounds 1b to 1d, reserpine, and omeprazole (MIC decrease, eightfold; SigmaFIC, 0.31), followed by compounds 1a and 1f (MIC decrease, fourfold; SigmaFIC, 0.37) and 1g to 1k (MIC decrease, twofold; SigmaFIC, 0.50 to 0.56). By time-kill curves combining norfloxacin (1/4 MIC) and the most efficient EPIs (128 microg/ml), compound 1e persistently restored the bactericidal activity of norfloxacin (inoculum reduction, 3 log(10) CFU/ml at 8 and 24 h), compound 1f led to a delayed but progressive decrease in the number of viable cells, and compounds 1b to 1d and omeprazole acted synergistically (inoculum reduction, 3 log(10) CFU/ml at 8 h but further regrowth), while compound 1a and reserpine slightly enhanced norfloxacin activity. The bacterial uptake of norfloxacin monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography confirmed that compounds 1a to 1f increased antibiotic accumulation, as did reserpine and omeprazole. Since these EPIs did not disturb the Deltapsi and DeltapH, they might directly interact with the pump. A structure-activity relationships study identified the benzimidazole nucleus of omeprazole as the main structural element involved in efflux pump inhibition and highlighted the critical role of the chlorine substituents in the stability and efficiency of compounds 1e to 1f. However, further pharmacomodulation is required to obtain therapeutically applicable derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Vidaillac
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
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Frühbeck G. The Sir David Cuthbertson Medal Lecture Hunting for new pieces to the complex puzzle of obesity. Proc Nutr Soc 2006. [DOI: 10.1079/pns2006510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Macia L, Viltart O, Verwaerde C, Delacre M, Delanoye A, Grangette C, Wolowczuk I. Genes involved in obesity: Adipocytes, brain and microflora. GENES & NUTRITION 2006; 1:189-212. [PMID: 18850214 PMCID: PMC3454837 DOI: 10.1007/bf02829968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity and related metabolic disorders such as cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes, are reaching worldwide epidemic proportions. It results from an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure leading to excess energy storage, mostly due to genetic and environmental factors such as diet, food components and/or way of life. It is known since long that this balance is maintained to equilibrium by multiple mechanisms allowing the brain to sense the nutritional status of the body and adapt behavioral and metabolic responses to changes in fuel availability. In this review, we summarize selected aspects of the regulation of energy homeostasis, prevalently highlighting the complex relationships existing between the white adipose tissue, the central nervous system, the endogenous microbiota, and nutrition. We first describe how both the formation and functionality of adipose cells are strongly modulated by the diet before summarizing where and how the central nervous system integrates peripheral signals from the adipose tissue and/or the gastro-intestinal tract. Finally, after a short description of the intestinal commensal flora, rangingfrom its composition to its importance in immune surveillance, we enlarge the discussion on how nutrition modified this perfectly well-balanced ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Macia
- Laboratoire de Neuro-Immuno-Endocrinologie, Institut Pasteur de Lille /1 FR 142, 1, rue A. Calmette, BP 447, 59019 Lille cedex, France
| | - O. Viltart
- Unité de Neurosciences et de Physiologie Adaptatives SN4, Université de Lille I, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - C. Verwaerde
- Laboratoire de Neuro-Immuno-Endocrinologie, Institut Pasteur de Lille /1 FR 142, 1, rue A. Calmette, BP 447, 59019 Lille cedex, France
| | - M. Delacre
- Laboratoire de Neuro-Immuno-Endocrinologie, Institut Pasteur de Lille /1 FR 142, 1, rue A. Calmette, BP 447, 59019 Lille cedex, France
| | - A. Delanoye
- Laboratoire de Neuro-Immuno-Endocrinologie, Institut Pasteur de Lille /1 FR 142, 1, rue A. Calmette, BP 447, 59019 Lille cedex, France
| | - C. Grangette
- Bactéries Lactiques et Immunité des Muqueuses, Institut Pasteur de Lille / Institut de Biologie de Lille, 1, rue A. Calmette, BP 447, 59019 Lille cedex, France
| | - I. Wolowczuk
- Laboratoire de Neuro-Immuno-Endocrinologie, Institut Pasteur de Lille /1 FR 142, 1, rue A. Calmette, BP 447, 59019 Lille cedex, France
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Campión J, Milagro FI, Fernández D, Martínez JA. Diferential gene expression and adiposity reduction induced by ascorbic acid supplementation in a cafeteria model of obesity. J Physiol Biochem 2006; 62:71-80. [PMID: 17217161 DOI: 10.1007/bf03174068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is considered as an inflammatory disease, in which free radical-induced oxidative stress and excessive intake of macronutrients exacerbate their symptoms. In this context, we assessed in rats the possible preventive effect of the supplementation with an antioxidant molecule, ascorbic acid, in order to reduce the adiposity induced by the intake of a high-fat diet. For this purpose, during 56 days, three groups of male Wistar rats were fed on: a) standard pelleted diet, b) Cafeteria diet, c) ascorbate-supplemented (750 mg/kg of body weight) Cafeteria diet. At the end of the experimental period, microarray analysis was used to identify genes transcriptionally induced or repressed by both experimental dietary models (Cafeteria diet supplemented or not with ascorbic acid) in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Dietary ascorbic acid was able to protect against high fat diet effects, reducing the increase of body weight, total body fat and enlargement of different adipose depots induced by the Cafeteria diet without affecting food intake. An association analysis accurately and differentially allowed the detection of gene expression changes related with adiposity and insulin resistance. The genes that more strongly correlated with body fat and HOMA insulin resistance index were involved in adipocyte differentiation, lipid and glucocorticoid metabolism, cell cycle regulation, as well as in several insulin-induced processes. Some other transcripts are regulated by the vitamin C-mediated reduction of adiposity, such as genes that participate in glucocorticoid metabolism, adipogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, or tricarboxylic acid cycle. This strategy was able to link variations in adipose tissue gene expression with markers of diet-induced obesity in rats, such as insulin resistance and body fat content.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Campión
- Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Bloomgarden ZT. 2nd International Symposium on Triglycerides and HDL: lipid abnormalities and their treatment. Diabetes Care 2005; 28:2795-802. [PMID: 16249560 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.28.11.2795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Current Awareness on Comparative and Functional Genomics. Comp Funct Genomics 2005. [PMCID: PMC2447491 DOI: 10.1002/cfg.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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