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Barritt SA, DuBois-Coyne SE, Dibble CC. Coenzyme A biosynthesis: mechanisms of regulation, function and disease. Nat Metab 2024:10.1038/s42255-024-01059-y. [PMID: 38871981 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid cycle, nutrient oxidation, histone acetylation and synthesis of lipids, glycans and haem all require the cofactor coenzyme A (CoA). Although the sources and regulation of the acyl groups carried by CoA for these processes are heavily studied, a key underlying question is less often considered: how is production of CoA itself controlled? Here, we discuss the many cellular roles of CoA and the regulatory mechanisms that govern its biosynthesis from cysteine, ATP and the essential nutrient pantothenate (vitamin B5), or from salvaged precursors in mammals. Metabolite feedback and signalling mechanisms involving acetyl-CoA, other acyl-CoAs, acyl-carnitines, MYC, p53, PPARα, PINK1 and insulin- and growth factor-stimulated PI3K-AKT signalling regulate the vitamin B5 transporter SLC5A6/SMVT and CoA biosynthesis enzymes PANK1, PANK2, PANK3, PANK4 and COASY. We also discuss methods for measuring CoA-related metabolites, compounds that target CoA biosynthesis and diseases caused by mutations in pathway enzymes including types of cataracts, cardiomyopathy and neurodegeneration (PKAN and COPAN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Barritt
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah E DuBois-Coyne
- Department of Medicine, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian C Dibble
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Rae CD, Baur JA, Borges K, Dienel G, Díaz-García CM, Douglass SR, Drew K, Duarte JMN, Duran J, Kann O, Kristian T, Lee-Liu D, Lindquist BE, McNay EC, Robinson MB, Rothman DL, Rowlands BD, Ryan TA, Scafidi J, Scafidi S, Shuttleworth CW, Swanson RA, Uruk G, Vardjan N, Zorec R, McKenna MC. Brain energy metabolism: A roadmap for future research. J Neurochem 2024; 168:910-954. [PMID: 38183680 PMCID: PMC11102343 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Although we have learned much about how the brain fuels its functions over the last decades, there remains much still to discover in an organ that is so complex. This article lays out major gaps in our knowledge of interrelationships between brain metabolism and brain function, including biochemical, cellular, and subcellular aspects of functional metabolism and its imaging in adult brain, as well as during development, aging, and disease. The focus is on unknowns in metabolism of major brain substrates and associated transporters, the roles of insulin and of lipid droplets, the emerging role of metabolism in microglia, mysteries about the major brain cofactor and signaling molecule NAD+, as well as unsolved problems underlying brain metabolism in pathologies such as traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, and metabolic downregulation during hibernation. It describes our current level of understanding of these facets of brain energy metabolism as well as a roadmap for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline D. Rae
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052 & Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joseph A. Baur
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karin Borges
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Gerald Dienel
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Carlos Manlio Díaz-García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Kelly Drew
- Center for Transformative Research in Metabolism, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - João M. N. Duarte
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, & Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oliver Kann
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120; Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tibor Kristian
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Center System, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and the Center for Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology Research (S.T.A.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dasfne Lee-Liu
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Britta E. Lindquist
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurocritical Care, Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ewan C. McNay
- Behavioral Neuroscience, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Michael B. Robinson
- Departments of Pediatrics and System Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Douglas L. Rothman
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center and Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Rowlands
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy A. Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joseph Scafidi
- Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susanna Scafidi
- Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - C. William Shuttleworth
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Raymond A. Swanson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gökhan Uruk
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nina Vardjan
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology—Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology—Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mary C. McKenna
- Department of Pediatrics and Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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3
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Gu S, Zhu F, Zhang L, Wen J. Mid-Long Chain Dicarboxylic Acid Production via Systems Metabolic Engineering: Progress and Prospects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5555-5573. [PMID: 38442481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Mid-to-long-chain dicarboxylic acids (DCAi, i ≥ 6) are organic compounds in which two carboxylic acid functional groups are present at the terminal position of the carbon chain. These acids find important applications as structural components and intermediates across various industrial sectors, including organic compound synthesis, food production, pharmaceutical development, and agricultural manufacturing. However, conventional petroleum-based DCA production methods cause environmental pollution, making sustainable development challenging. Hence, the demand for eco-friendly processes and renewable raw materials for DCA production is rising. Owing to advances in systems metabolic engineering, new tools from systems biology, synthetic biology, and evolutionary engineering can now be used for the sustainable production of energy-dense biofuels. Here, we explore systems metabolic engineering strategies for DCA synthesis in various chassis via the conversion of different raw materials into mid-to-long-chain DCAs. Subsequently, we discuss the future challenges in this field and propose synthetic biology approaches for the efficient production and successful commercialization of these acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Gu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072,China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072,China
- SINOPEC Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals Co., Ltd, Dalian 116045, China
| | - Fuzhou Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072,China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072,China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072,China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072,China
- SINOPEC Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals Co., Ltd, Dalian 116045, China
| | - Jianping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072,China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072,China
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4
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Dong X, Li Y, Sheng X, Zhou W, Sun A, Dai H. Mitochondria-related signaling pathways involved in breast cancer regulate ferroptosis. Genes Dis 2024; 11:358-366. [PMID: 37588231 PMCID: PMC10425853 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel form of regulated cell death characterized by iron-dependent excessive lipid peroxidation. The core organelle involved in ferroptosis is mitochondria. Mitochondria undergoing ferroptosis are distinct from normal mitochondria in terms of morphology, biochemistry, gene expression, and energy metabolism. An increasing number of studies have shown that mitochondria and their associated metabolic pathways mediate ferroptosis in the development and progression of breast cancer. In this review, we discuss the relevant research about ferroptosis in breast cancer and provide a comprehensive summary of mitochondrial regulation in ferroptosis from the perspective of lipid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, ion metabolism, glycometabolism, and nucleotide metabolism. We also summarize the application of mitochondrial metabolism-related pathways as ferroptosis treatment targets. Here we provide new insights into the relationship between mitochondria, ferroptosis, and breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Dong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiaonan Sheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Weihang Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Oncological Surgery, Xuzhou Medical College Affiliated Huaian Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223001, China
| | - Huijuan Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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5
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Sokołowska B, Orłowska M, Okrasińska A, Piłsyk S, Pawłowska J, Muszewska A. What can be lost? Genomic perspective on the lipid metabolism of Mucoromycota. IMA Fungus 2023; 14:22. [PMID: 37932857 PMCID: PMC10629195 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-023-00127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucoromycota is a phylum of early diverging fungal (EDF) lineages, of mostly plant-associated terrestrial fungi. Some strains have been selected as promising biotechnological organisms due to their ability to produce polyunsaturated fatty acids and efficient conversion of nutrients into lipids. Others get their lipids from the host plant and are unable to produce even the essential ones on their own. Following the advancement in EDF genome sequencing, we carried out a systematic survey of lipid metabolism protein families across different EDF lineages. This enabled us to explore the genomic basis of the previously documented ability to produce several types of lipids within the fungal tree of life. The core lipid metabolism genes showed no significant diversity in distribution, however specialized lipid metabolic pathways differed in this regard among different fungal lineages. In total 165 out of 202 genes involved in lipid metabolism were present in all tested fungal lineages, while remaining 37 genes were found to be absent in some of fungal lineages. Duplications were observed for 69 genes. For the first time we demonstrate that ergosterol is not being produced by several independent groups of plant-associated fungi due to the losses of different ERG genes. Instead, they possess an ancestral pathway leading to the synthesis of cholesterol, which is absent in other fungal lineages. The lack of diacylglycerol kinase in both Mortierellomycotina and Blastocladiomycota opens the question on sterol equilibrium regulation in these organisms. Early diverging fungi retained most of beta oxidation components common with animals including Nudt7, Nudt12 and Nudt19 pointing at peroxisome divergence in Dikarya. Finally, Glomeromycotina and Mortierellomycotina representatives have a similar set of desaturases and elongases related to the synthesis of complex, polyunsaturated fatty acids pointing at an ancient expansion of fatty acid metabolism currently being explored by biotechnological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Sokołowska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Orłowska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Okrasińska
- Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Piłsyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julia Pawłowska
- Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Muszewska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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6
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Jin X, Liu D, Kong D, Zhou X, Zheng L, Xu C. Dissecting the alternation landscape of mitochondrial metabolism-related genes in lung adenocarcinoma and their latent mechanisms. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:5482-5496. [PMID: 37335087 PMCID: PMC10333067 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common histological subtype of lung cancer with high incidence and unsatisfactory prognosis. The majority of LUAD patients eventually succumb to local and/or distinct metastatic recurrence. Genomic research of LUAD has broadened our understanding of this disease's biology and improved target therapies. However, the alternation landscape and characteristics of mitochondrial metabolism-related genes (MMRGs) in LUAD progression remain poorly understood. We performed a comprehensive analysis to identify the function and mechanism of MMRGs in LUAD based on the TCGA and GEO databases, which might offer therapeutic values for clinical researchers. Then, we figured out three hub prognosis-associated MMRGs (also termed as PMMRGs: ACOT11, ALDH2, and TXNRD1) that were engaged in the evolution of LUAD. To investigate the correlation between clinicopathological characteristics and MMRGs, we divided LUAD samples into two clusters (C1 and C2) based on key MMRGs. In addition, important pathways and the immune infiltration landscape affected by LUAD clusters were also delineated. Further, we nominated potential regulatory mechanisms underlying the MMRGs in LUAD development and progression. In conclusion, our integrative analysis enables a more comprehensive understanding of the mutation landscape of MMRGs in LUAD and provides an opportunity for more precise treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Demiao Kong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaojiang Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Liken Zheng
- Genecast Biotechnology, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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7
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Wanders RJA, Baes M, Ribeiro D, Ferdinandusse S, Waterham HR. The physiological functions of human peroxisomes. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:957-1024. [PMID: 35951481 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00051.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are subcellular organelles that play a central role in human physiology by catalyzing a range of unique metabolic functions. The importance of peroxisomes for human health is exemplified by the existence of a group of usually severe diseases caused by an impairment in one or more peroxisomal functions. Among others these include the Zellweger spectrum disorders, X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, and Refsum disease. To fulfill their role in metabolism, peroxisomes require continued interaction with other subcellular organelles including lipid droplets, lysosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. In recent years it has become clear that the metabolic alliance between peroxisomes and other organelles requires the active participation of tethering proteins to bring the organelles physically closer together, thereby achieving efficient transfer of metabolites. This review intends to describe the current state of knowledge about the metabolic role of peroxisomes in humans, with particular emphasis on the metabolic partnership between peroxisomes and other organelles and the consequences of genetic defects in these processes. We also describe the biogenesis of peroxisomes and the consequences of the multiple genetic defects therein. In addition, we discuss the functional role of peroxisomes in different organs and tissues and include relevant information derived from model systems, notably peroxisomal mouse models. Finally, we pay particular attention to a hitherto underrated role of peroxisomes in viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,United for Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Myriam Baes
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED) and Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,United for Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,United for Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Vickers SD, Shumar SA, Saporito DC, Kunovac A, Hathaway QA, Mintmier B, King JA, King RD, Rajendran VM, Infante AM, Hollander JM, Leonardi R. NUDT7 regulates total hepatic CoA levels and the composition of the intestinal bile acid pool in male mice fed a Western diet. J Biol Chem 2022; 299:102745. [PMID: 36436558 PMCID: PMC9792899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nudix hydrolase 7 (NUDT7) is an enzyme that hydrolyzes CoA species, is highly expressed in the liver, and resides in the peroxisomes. Peroxisomes are organelles where the preferential oxidation of dicarboxylic fatty acids occurs and where the hepatic synthesis of the primary bile acids cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid is completed. We previously showed that liver-specific overexpression of NUDT7 affects peroxisomal lipid metabolism but does not prevent the increase in total liver CoA levels that occurs during fasting. We generated Nudt7-/- mice to further characterize the role that peroxisomal (acyl-)CoA degradation plays in the modulation of the size and composition of the acyl-CoA pool and in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism. Here, we show that deletion of Nudt7 alters the composition of the hepatic acyl-CoA pool in mice fed a low-fat diet, but only in males fed a Western diet does the lack of NUDT7 activity increase total liver CoA levels. This effect is driven by the male-specific accumulation of medium-chain dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs, which are produced from the β-oxidation of dicarboxylic fatty acids. We also show that, under conditions of elevated synthesis of chenodeoxycholic acid derivatives, Nudt7 deletion promotes the production of tauromuricholic acid, decreasing the hydrophobicity index of the intestinal bile acid pool and increasing fecal cholesterol excretion in male mice. These findings reveal that NUDT7-mediated hydrolysis of acyl-CoA pathway intermediates in liver peroxisomes contributes to the regulation of dicarboxylic fatty acid metabolism and the composition of the bile acid pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schuyler D Vickers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Stephanie A Shumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Dominique C Saporito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Amina Kunovac
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Quincy A Hathaway
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Breeanna Mintmier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Judy A King
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Rachel D King
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Vazhaikkurichi M Rajendran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Aniello M Infante
- Genomics Core Facility, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - John M Hollander
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Roberta Leonardi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
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9
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Integrated Omics analysis of pig muscle metabolism under the effects of dietary Chlorella vulgaris and exogenous enzymes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16992. [PMID: 36216870 PMCID: PMC9551059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Monogastric feeding is dependent on costly conventional feedstuffs. Microalgae such as Chlorella vulgaris are a sustainable alternative; however, its recalcitrant cell wall hinders monogastric digestion. Carbohydrate Active Enzyme (CAZyme) supplementation is a possible solution. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of 5% dietary C. vulgaris (CV) and enzymatic supplementation (CV + R-Rovabio® Excel AP; CV + M-four CAZyme mix) on muscle transcriptome and proteome of finishing pigs, in an integrated approach. Control pigs increased the abundance of contractile apparatus (MYH1, MYH2, MYH4) and energy metabolism (CKMT1, NDUFS3) proteins, demonstrating increased nutrient availability. They had increased expression of SCD, characteristic of increased glucose availability, via the activation of SREBP-1c and ChREBP. CV and CV + R pigs upregulated proteolytic and apoptotic genes (BAX, DDA1), whilst increasing the abundance of glucose (UQCRFS1) and fatty acid catabolism (ACADS) proteins. CV + R pigs upregulated ACOT8 and SIRT3 genes as a response to reduced nutrient availability, maintaining energy homeostasis. The cell wall specific CAZyme mix, CV + M, was able to comparatively reduce Omics alterations in the muscle, thereby reducing endogenous nutrient catabolism compared to the CV + R and CV.
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10
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Ibrahim ZH, Bae JH, Sung BH, Kim MJ, Rashid AHA, Sohn JH. Characterization of Acyl-CoA Oxidases from the Lipolytic Yeast Candida aaseri SH14. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:949-954. [PMID: 35719087 PMCID: PMC9628930 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2205.05029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The lipolytic yeast Candida aaseri SH14 contains three Acyl-CoA oxidases (ACOXs) which are encoded by the CaAOX2, CaAOX4, and CaAOX5 genes and catalyze the first reaction in the β-oxidation of fatty acids. Here, the respective functions of the three CaAOX isozymes were studied by growth analysis of mutant strains constructed by a combination of three CaAOX mutations in minimal medium containing fatty acid as the sole carbon source. Substrate specificity of the CaAOX isozymes was analyzed using recombinant C. aaseri SH14 strains overexpressing the respective genes. CaAOX2 isozyme showed substrate specificity toward short- and medium-chain fatty acids (C6-C12), while CaAOX5 isozyme preferred long-chain fatty acid longer than C12. CaAOX4 isozyme revealed a preference for a broad substrate spectrum from C6-C16. Although the substrate specificity of CaAOX2 and CaAOX5 covers medium- and long-chain fatty acids, these two isozymes were insufficient for complete β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids, and therefore CaAOX4 was indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zool Hilmi Ibrahim
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea,Industrial Biotechnology Research Centre, SIRIM Berhad, No.1, Persiaran Dato’ Menteri, Section2, 40700, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jung-Hoon Bae
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Hyun Sung
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Kim
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmad Hazri Ab Rashid
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Centre, SIRIM Berhad, No.1, Persiaran Dato’ Menteri, Section2, 40700, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jung-Hoon Sohn
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-42-860-4458 Fax:+82-42-879-8499 E-mail:
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11
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Chen Z, Zhang Z, Ding W, Zhang JH, Tan ZL, Mei YR, He W, Wang XJ. Expression and Potential Biomarkers of Regulators for M7G RNA Modification in Gliomas. Front Neurol 2022; 13:886246. [PMID: 35614925 PMCID: PMC9124973 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.886246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most frequent primary malignant brain tumors of the central nervous system, causing significant impairment and death. There is mounting evidence that N7 methylguanosine (m7G) RNA dysmethylation plays a significant role in the development and progression of cancer. However, the expression patterns and function of the m7G RNA methylation regulator in gliomas are yet unknown. The goal of this study was to examine the expression patterns of 31 critical regulators linked with m7G RNA methylation and their prognostic significance in gliomas. To begin, we systematically analyzed patient clinical and prognostic data and mRNA gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. We found that 17 key regulators of m7G RNA methylation showed significantly higher expression levels in gliomas. We then divided the sample into two subgroups by consensus clustering. Cluster 2 had a poorer prognosis than cluster 1 and was associated with a higher histological grade. In addition, cluster 2 was significantly enriched for cancer-related pathways. Based on this discovery, we developed a risk model involving three m7G methylation regulators. Patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups based on risk scores. Overall survival (OS) was significantly lower in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group. Further analysis showed that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Yifeng County People's Hospital, Yichun City, China
| | | | - Zi-long Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu-ran Mei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Wei He
| | - Xiao-jing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-jing Wang
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12
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Yang Y, Basu S, Zhang L. A Bayesian hierarchically structured prior for gene-based association testing with multiple traits in genome-wide association studies. Genet Epidemiol 2022; 46:63-72. [PMID: 34787916 PMCID: PMC8795481 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) often collect data on multiple correlated traits for complex diseases, conventional gene-based analysis is usually univariate, and therefore, treating traits as uncorrelated. Multivariate analysis of multiple correlated traits can potentially increase the power to detect genes that affect some or all of these traits. In this study, we propose the multivariate hierarchically structured variable selection (HSVS-M) model, a flexible Bayesian model that tests the association of a gene with multiple correlated traits. With only summary statistics, HSVS-M can account for the correlations among genetic variants and among traits simultaneously and can also estimate the various directions and magnitudes of associations between a gene and multiple traits. Simulation studies show that HSVS-M substantially outperforms competing methods in various scenarios, particularly when variants in a gene are associated with a trait in similar directions and magnitudes. We applied HSVS-M to the summary statistics of a meta-analysis GWAS on four lipid traits from the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium and identified 15 genes that have also been confirmed as risk factors in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,Correspondence:
| | - Saonli Basu
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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13
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Tserga A, Pouloudi D, Saulnier-Blache JS, Stroggilos R, Theochari I, Gakiopoulou H, Mischak H, Zoidakis J, Schanstra JP, Vlahou A, Makridakis M. Proteomic Analysis of Mouse Kidney Tissue Associates Peroxisomal Dysfunction with Early Diabetic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020216. [PMID: 35203426 PMCID: PMC8869654 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The absence of efficient inhibitors for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression reflects the gaps in our understanding of DKD molecular pathogenesis. Methods: A comprehensive proteomic analysis was performed on the glomeruli and kidney cortex of diabetic mice with the subsequent validation of findings in human biopsies and omics datasets, aiming to better understand the underlying molecular biology of early DKD development and progression. Results: LC–MS/MS was employed to analyze the kidney proteome of 2 DKD models: Ins2Akita (early and late DKD) and db/db mice (late DKD). The abundance of detected proteins was defined. Pathway analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the early and late DKD versus the respective controls predicted dysregulation in DKD hallmarks (peroxisomal lipid metabolism and β-oxidation), supporting the functional relevance of the findings. Comparing the observed protein changes in early and late DKD, the consistent upregulation of 21 and downregulation of 18 proteins was detected. Among these were downregulated peroxisomal and upregulated mitochondrial proteins. Tissue sections from 16 DKD patients were analyzed by IHC confirming our results. Conclusion: Our study shows an extensive differential expression of peroxisomal proteins in the early stages of DKD that persists regardless of the disease severity, providing new perspectives and potential markers of diabetic kidney dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aggeliki Tserga
- Department of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (R.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Despoina Pouloudi
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.P.); (I.T.); (H.G.)
| | - Jean Sébastien Saulnier-Blache
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1297, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, 31432 Toulouse, France;
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Rafael Stroggilos
- Department of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (R.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Irene Theochari
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.P.); (I.T.); (H.G.)
| | - Harikleia Gakiopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.P.); (I.T.); (H.G.)
| | | | - Jerome Zoidakis
- Department of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (R.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Joost Peter Schanstra
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1297, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, 31432 Toulouse, France;
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: (J.P.S.); (A.V.); (M.M.); Tel.: +33-5-31224078 (J.P.S.); +30-210-6597506 (A.V.); +30-210-6597485 (M.M.)
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Department of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (R.S.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.P.S.); (A.V.); (M.M.); Tel.: +33-5-31224078 (J.P.S.); +30-210-6597506 (A.V.); +30-210-6597485 (M.M.)
| | - Manousos Makridakis
- Department of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (R.S.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.P.S.); (A.V.); (M.M.); Tel.: +33-5-31224078 (J.P.S.); +30-210-6597506 (A.V.); +30-210-6597485 (M.M.)
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14
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PPARα-ACOT12 axis is responsible for maintaining cartilage homeostasis through modulating de novo lipogenesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3. [PMID: 34987154 PMCID: PMC8733009 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, in Ppara−/− mice, we found that an increased DNL stimulated the cartilage degradation and identified ACOT12 as a key regulatory factor. Suppressed level of ACOT12 was observed in cartilages of OA patient and OA-induced animal. To determine the role and association of ACOT12 in the OA pathogenesis, we generated Acot12 knockout (KO) (Acot12−/−) mice using RNA-guided endonuclease. Acot12−/− mice displayed the severe cartilage degradation with the stimulation of matrix MMPs and chondrocyte apoptosis through the accumulation of acetyl CoA. Delivery of acetyl CoA-conjugated chitosan complex into cartilage stimulated DNL and cartilage degradation. Moreover, restoration of ACOT12 into human OA chondrocytes and OA-induced mouse cartilage effectively rescued the pathophysiological features of OA by regulating DNL. Taken together, our study suggested ACOT12 as a novel regulatory factor in maintaining cartilage homeostasis and targeting ACOT12 could contribute to developing a new therapeutic strategy for OA. Increasing evidence suggested that dysregulation in lipid metabolism is linked to OA pathogenesis, but the underlying regulatory mechanism is not well understood. Here, the authors show that PPARα-ACOT12 signalling regulates cartilage homeostasis by regulating de novo lipogenesis in mice.
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15
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Cholico GN, Fling RR, Zacharewski NA, Fader KA, Nault R, Zacharewski TR. Thioesterase induction by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin results in a futile cycle that inhibits hepatic β-oxidation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15689. [PMID: 34344994 PMCID: PMC8333094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a persistent environmental contaminant, induces steatosis by increasing hepatic uptake of dietary and mobilized peripheral fats, inhibiting lipoprotein export, and repressing β-oxidation. In this study, the mechanism of β-oxidation inhibition was investigated by testing the hypothesis that TCDD dose-dependently repressed straight-chain fatty acid oxidation gene expression in mice following oral gavage every 4 days for 28 days. Untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed a dose-dependent decrease in hepatic acyl-CoA levels, while octenoyl-CoA and dicarboxylic acid levels increased. TCDD also dose-dependently repressed the hepatic gene expression associated with triacylglycerol and cholesterol ester hydrolysis, fatty acid binding proteins, fatty acid activation, and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolysis while inducing acyl-CoA hydrolysis. Moreover, octenoyl-CoA blocked the hydration of crotonyl-CoA suggesting short chain enoyl-CoA hydratase (ECHS1) activity was inhibited. Collectively, the integration of metabolomics and RNA-seq data suggested TCDD induced a futile cycle of fatty acid activation and acyl-CoA hydrolysis resulting in incomplete β-oxidation, and the accumulation octenoyl-CoA levels that inhibited the activity of short chain enoyl-CoA hydratase (ECHS1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovan N Cholico
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Russell R Fling
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Nicholas A Zacharewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Kelly A Fader
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Rance Nault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Timothy R Zacharewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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16
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Ranea-Robles P, Violante S, Argmann C, Dodatko T, Bhattacharya D, Chen H, Yu C, Friedman SL, Puchowicz M, Houten SM. Murine deficiency of peroxisomal L-bifunctional protein (EHHADH) causes medium-chain 3-hydroxydicarboxylic aciduria and perturbs hepatic cholesterol homeostasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5631-5646. [PMID: 34110423 PMCID: PMC8263512 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03869-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomes play an essential role in the β-oxidation of dicarboxylic acids (DCAs), which are metabolites formed upon ω-oxidation of fatty acids. Genetic evidence linking transporters and enzymes to specific DCA β-oxidation steps is generally lacking. Moreover, the physiological functions of DCA metabolism remain largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to characterize the DCA β-oxidation pathway in human cells, and to evaluate the biological role of DCA metabolism using mice deficient in the peroxisomal L-bifunctional protein (Ehhadh KO mice). In vitro experiments using HEK-293 KO cell lines demonstrate that ABCD3 and ACOX1 are essential in DCA β-oxidation, whereas both the bifunctional proteins (EHHADH and HSD17B4) and the thiolases (ACAA1 and SCPx) have overlapping functions and their contribution may depend on expression level. We also show that medium-chain 3-hydroxydicarboxylic aciduria is a prominent feature of EHHADH deficiency in mice most notably upon inhibition of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Using stable isotope tracing methodology, we confirmed that products of peroxisomal DCA β-oxidation can be transported to mitochondria for further metabolism. Finally, we show that, in liver, Ehhadh KO mice have increased mRNA and protein expression of cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes with decreased (in females) or similar (in males) rate of cholesterol synthesis. We conclude that EHHADH plays an essential role in the metabolism of medium-chain DCAs and postulate that peroxisomal DCA β-oxidation is a regulator of hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ranea-Robles
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1498, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sara Violante
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1498, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- The Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Carmen Argmann
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1498, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Tetyana Dodatko
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1498, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Dipankar Bhattacharya
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hongjie Chen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1498, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Genomics, Inc, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA
| | - Chunli Yu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1498, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Genomics, Inc, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Michelle Puchowicz
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Sander M Houten
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1498, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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17
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Filip R, Desrochers GF, Lefebvre DM, Reed A, Singaravelu R, Cravatt BF, Pezacki JP. Profiling of MicroRNA Targets Using Activity-Based Protein Profiling: Linking Enzyme Activity to MicroRNA-185 Function. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:202-212.e6. [PMID: 33450181 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as cellular signal transducers through repression of protein translation. Elucidating targets using bioinformatics and traditional quantitation methods is often insufficient to uncover global miRNA function. Herein, alteration of protein function caused by miRNA-185 (miR-185), an immunometabolic miRNA, was determined using activity-based protein profiling, transcriptomics, and lipidomics. Fluorophosphonate-based activity-based protein profiling of miR-185-induced changes to human liver cells revealed that exclusively metabolic serine hydrolase enzymes were regulated in activity, some with roles in lipid and endocannabinoid metabolism. Lipidomic analysis linked enzymatic changes to levels of cellular lipid species, such as components of very-low-density lipoprotein particles. Additionally, inhibition of one miR-185 target, monoglyceride lipase, led to decreased hepatitis C virus levels in an infectious model. Overall, the approaches used here were able to identify key functional changes in serine hydrolases caused by miR-185 that are targetable pharmacologically, such that a small molecule inhibitor can recapitulate the miRNA phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Filip
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Geneviève F Desrochers
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - David M Lefebvre
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Alex Reed
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ragunath Singaravelu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John Paul Pezacki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada.
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18
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Czumaj A, Szrok-Jurga S, Hebanowska A, Turyn J, Swierczynski J, Sledzinski T, Stelmanska E. The Pathophysiological Role of CoA. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239057. [PMID: 33260564 PMCID: PMC7731229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of coenzyme A (CoA) as a carrier of acyl residues in cell metabolism is well understood. Coenzyme A participates in more than 100 different catabolic and anabolic reactions, including those involved in the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, ethanol, bile acids, and xenobiotics. However, much less is known about the importance of the concentration of this cofactor in various cell compartments and the role of altered CoA concentration in various pathologies. Despite continuous research on these issues, the molecular mechanisms in the regulation of the intracellular level of CoA under pathological conditions are still not well understood. This review summarizes the current knowledge of (a) CoA subcellular concentrations; (b) the roles of CoA synthesis and degradation processes; and (c) protein modification by reversible CoA binding to proteins (CoAlation). Particular attention is paid to (a) the roles of changes in the level of CoA under pathological conditions, such as in neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, myopathies, and infectious diseases; and (b) the beneficial effect of CoA and pantethine (which like CoA is finally converted to Pan and cysteamine), used at pharmacological doses for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Czumaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Sylwia Szrok-Jurga
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (A.H.); (J.T.)
| | - Areta Hebanowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (A.H.); (J.T.)
| | - Jacek Turyn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (A.H.); (J.T.)
| | - Julian Swierczynski
- State School of Higher Vocational Education in Koszalin, 75-582 Koszalin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland;
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (E.S.); Tel.: +48-(0)-583-491-479 (T.S.)
| | - Ewa Stelmanska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (A.H.); (J.T.)
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (E.S.); Tel.: +48-(0)-583-491-479 (T.S.)
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19
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Moffett JR, Puthillathu N, Vengilote R, Jaworski DM, Namboodiri AM. Acetate Revisited: A Key Biomolecule at the Nexus of Metabolism, Epigenetics and Oncogenesis-Part 1: Acetyl-CoA, Acetogenesis and Acyl-CoA Short-Chain Synthetases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:580167. [PMID: 33281616 PMCID: PMC7689297 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.580167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetate is a major end product of bacterial fermentation of fiber in the gut. Acetate, whether derived from the diet or from fermentation in the colon, has been implicated in a range of health benefits. Acetate is also generated in and released from various tissues including the intestine and liver, and is generated within all cells by deacetylation reactions. To be utilized, all acetate, regardless of the source, must be converted to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), which is carried out by enzymes known as acyl-CoA short-chain synthetases. Acyl-CoA short-chain synthetase-2 (ACSS2) is present in the cytosol and nuclei of many cell types, whereas ACSS1 is mitochondrial, with greatest expression in heart, skeletal muscle, and brown adipose tissue. In addition to acting to redistribute carbon systemically like a ketone body, acetate is becoming recognized as a cellular regulatory molecule with diverse functions beyond the formation of acetyl-CoA for energy derivation and lipogenesis. Acetate acts, in part, as a metabolic sensor linking nutrient balance and cellular stress responses with gene transcription and the regulation of protein function. ACSS2 is an important task-switching component of this sensory system wherein nutrient deprivation, hypoxia and other stressors shift ACSS2 from a lipogenic role in the cytoplasm to a regulatory role in the cell nucleus. Protein acetylation is a critical post-translational modification involved in regulating cell behavior, and alterations in protein acetylation status have been linked to multiple disease states, including cancer. Improving our fundamental understanding of the "acetylome" and how acetate is generated and utilized at the subcellular level in different cell types will provide much needed insight into normal and neoplastic cellular metabolism and the epigenetic regulation of phenotypic expression under different physiological stressors. This article is Part 1 of 2 - for Part 2 see doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.580171.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Moffett
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Narayanan Puthillathu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ranjini Vengilote
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Diane M Jaworski
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Aryan M Namboodiri
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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20
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van Roermund CWT, IJlst L, Baker A, Wanders RJA, Theodoulou FL, Waterham HR. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae ABC subfamily D transporter Pxa1/Pxa2p co-imports CoASH into the peroxisome. FEBS Lett 2020; 595:763-772. [PMID: 33112423 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) subfamily D transporters are important for the uptake of fatty acids and other beta-oxidation substrates into peroxisomes. Genetic and biochemical evidence indicates that the transporters accept fatty acyl-coenzyme A that is cleaved during the transport cycle and then re-esterified in the peroxisomal lumen. However, it is not known whether free coenzyme A (CoA) is released inside or outside the peroxisome. Here we have used Saccharomyces cerevisiae and isolated peroxisomes to demonstrate that free CoA is released in the peroxisomal lumen. Thus, ABC subfamily D transporter provide an import pathway for free CoA that controls peroxisomal CoA homeostasis and tunes metabolism according to the cell's demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo W T van Roermund
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk IJlst
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alison Baker
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Hans R Waterham
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Liang C, Wang X, Zhang Z, Xiao F, Feng H, Ma Q, Huang J, Qiang G, Zhong D, Liu D. ACOT11 promotes cell proliferation, migration and invasion in lung adenocarcinoma. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020; 9:1885-1903. [PMID: 33209610 PMCID: PMC7653140 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-19-509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the word. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. ACOT11 encodes enzymes hydrolyzing the fatty acyl-CoA esters into free fatty acids and CoA. Besides from its role in fatty acid metabolism, the other aspects regarding its function in the progression of lung cancer have not been revealed. Methods We first explored the clinical profile of ACOT11 in tumor samples. Next, we combined gene knockdown in vitro and in vivo and microarray gene profiling analysis to decipher the unknown regulatory role of ACOT11 in lung cancer carcinoma. Furthermore, we explored the potential molecular mechanisms of ACOT11 with immunoprecipitation. Results We found high expression of ACOT11 in tumor samples. High expression of ACOT11 showed significantly poor prognosis in lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) patients. Knocking down of ACOT11 inhibited the cell proliferation, migration as well as invasion in vitro and in vivo. It also promoted the cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via multiple signaling pathways. Additionally, ACOT11 could bind with CSE1L, which was proved to be an oncogene in lung cancer and speculated to be a potential target of ACOT11. Conclusions The results revealed that ACOT11 regulates proliferation, migration and invasion of lung cancer carcinoma via multiple signaling pathways, indicating its potential value in molecular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenrong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxiang Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qianli Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guangliang Qiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dingrong Zhong
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Deruo Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
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22
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Zhang R, He J, Dong Z, Liu G, Yin Y, Zhang X, Li Q, Ren Y, Yang Y, Liu W, Chen X, Xia W, Duan K, Hao F, Lin Z, Yang J, Chang Z, Zhao R, Wan W, Lu S, Peng Y, Ge S, Wang W, Li X. Genomic and experimental data provide new insights into luciferin biosynthesis and bioluminescence evolution in fireflies. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15882. [PMID: 32985577 PMCID: PMC7522259 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72900-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fireflies are among the most charismatic insects for their spectacular bioluminescence, but the origin and evolution of bioluminescence remain elusive. Especially, the genic basis of luciferin (D-luciferin) biosynthesis and light patterns is largely unknown. Here, we present the high-quality reference genomes of two fireflies Lamprigera yunnana (1053 Mb) and Abscondita terminalis (501 Mb) with great differences in both morphology and luminous behavior. We sequenced the transcriptomes and proteomes of luminous organs of two species. We created the CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutants of Abdominal B gene without luminous organs in the larvae of A. terminalis and sequenced the transcriptomes of mutants and wild-types. Combining gene expression analyses with comparative genomics, we propose a more complete luciferin synthesis pathway, and confirm the convergent evolution of bioluminescence in insects. Using experiments, the function of the firefly acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT1) to convert L-luciferin to D-luciferin was validated for the first time. Comparisons of three-dimension reconstruction of luminous organs and their differentially expressed genes among two species suggest that two positive genes in the calcium signaling pathway and structural difference of luminous organs may play an important role in the evolution of flash pattern. Altogether, our results provide important resources for further exploring bioluminescence in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinwu He
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhiwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Guichun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuan Yin
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yandong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Yongzhi Yang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Xianqing Chen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenhao Xia
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Fei Hao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zeshan Lin
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhou Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Ruoping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenting Wan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Sihan Lu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanqiong Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Siqin Ge
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xueyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.
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Abudurexiti M, Zhu W, Wang Y, Wang J, Xu W, Huang Y, Zhu Y, Shi G, Zhang H, Zhu Y, Shen Y, Dai B, Wan F, Lin G, Ye D. Targeting CPT1B as a potential therapeutic strategy in castration-resistant and enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer. Prostate 2020; 80:950-961. [PMID: 32648618 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is characterized by aberrant lipid metabolism, including elevated fatty acid oxidation. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (CPT1B) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of fatty acid oxidation. This study aimed to determine if CPT1B has a critical role in prostate cancer progression and to identify its regulatory mechanism. METHODS CPT1B expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases was compared with patient survival data. A tissue microarray was constructed with 60 samples of prostate cancer and immunohistochemically stained for CPT1B. Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cell lines 22RV1 and C4-2 in which CPT1B expression had been stably knocked down were established; and cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, and invasion were investigated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays, flow cytometry, and Transwell assays, respectively. To examine the impact of androgen receptor (AR) inhibition on CPT1B expression, JASPAR CORE was searched to identify AR-binding sites in CPT1B. Dual luciferase and ChIP assays were performed to confirm CPT1B activity and AR binding, respectively. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in prostate cancer underwent gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Enzalutamide-resistant C4-2 cells were generated and the mechanism of enzalutamide resistance and downstream signaling pathway changes of CPT1B to C4-2 was explored through CCK-8 test. RESULTS CPT1B expression was upregulated in human prostate cancer compared with normal prostate tissue and was associated with poor disease-free survival and overall survival. Silencing of CPT1B resulted in downregulated cell proliferation, reduced S-phase distribution, and lower invasive ability, whereas the opposite was observed in CRPC cells overexpressing CPTB1. DEGS in prostate cancer were correlated with G-protein-coupled receptor signaling, molecular transducer activity, and calcium ion binding. AR may regulate CPT1B expression and activity via specific binding sites, as confirmed by dual luciferase and ChIP assays. The CCK-8 experiment demonstrated that CPT1B overexpression in C4-2 cells did not significantly increase the ability of enzalutamide resistance. However, overexpression of CPT1B in C4-2R cells significantly increased the enzalutamide resistance. Upregulation of CPT1B expression increased AKT expression and phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS CPT1B is upregulated in prostate cancer and is correlated with poor prognosis, indicating its potential as a biomarker. AR inhibits the transcription of CPT1B. In the CRPC cell line, overexpression of CPT1B alone cannot promote enzalutamide resistance, but in the drug-resistant line C4-2R, overexpression of CPT1B can promote the resistance of C4-2R to enzalutamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mierxiati Abudurexiti
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenkai Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhao Xu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongqiang Huang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohai Shi
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiping Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Shen
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Dai
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangning Wan
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guowen Lin
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Peroxisomal Cofactor Transport. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081174. [PMID: 32806597 PMCID: PMC7463629 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are eukaryotic organelles that are essential for growth and development. They are highly metabolically active and house many biochemical reactions, including lipid metabolism and synthesis of signaling molecules. Most of these metabolic pathways are shared with other compartments, such as Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, and plastids. Peroxisomes, in common with all other cellular organelles are dependent on a wide range of cofactors, such as adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP), Coenzyme A (CoA), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). The availability of the peroxisomal cofactor pool controls peroxisome function. The levels of these cofactors available for peroxisomal metabolism is determined by the balance between synthesis, import, export, binding, and degradation. Since the final steps of cofactor synthesis are thought to be located in the cytosol, cofactors must be imported into peroxisomes. This review gives an overview about our current knowledge of the permeability of the peroxisomal membrane with the focus on ATP, CoA, and NAD. Several members of the mitochondrial carrier family are located in peroxisomes, catalyzing the transfer of these organic cofactors across the peroxisomal membrane. Most of the functions of these peroxisomal cofactor transporters are known from studies in yeast, humans, and plants. Parallels and differences between the transporters in the different organisms are discussed here.
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25
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Trefely S, Lovell CD, Snyder NW, Wellen KE. Compartmentalised acyl-CoA metabolism and roles in chromatin regulation. Mol Metab 2020; 38:100941. [PMID: 32199817 PMCID: PMC7300382 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many metabolites serve as important signalling molecules to adjust cellular activities and functions based on nutrient availability. Links between acetyl-CoA metabolism, histone lysine acetylation, and gene expression have been documented and studied over the past decade. In recent years, several additional acyl modifications to histone lysine residues have been identified, which depend on acyl-coenzyme A thioesters (acyl-CoAs) as acyl donors. Acyl-CoAs are intermediates of multiple distinct metabolic pathways, and substantial evidence has emerged that histone acylation is metabolically sensitive. Nevertheless, the metabolic sources of acyl-CoAs used for chromatin modification in most cases remain poorly understood. Elucidating how these diverse chemical modifications are coupled to and regulated by cellular metabolism is important in deciphering their functional significance. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this article, we review the metabolic pathways that produce acyl-CoAs, as well as emerging evidence for functional roles of diverse acyl-CoAs in chromatin regulation. Because acetyl-CoA has been extensively reviewed elsewhere, we will focus on four other acyl-CoA metabolites integral to major metabolic pathways that are also known to modify histones: succinyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA, crotonoyl-CoA, and butyryl-CoA. We also briefly mention several other acyl-CoA species, which present opportunities for further research; malonyl-CoA, glutaryl-CoA, 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA, 2-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA, and lactyl-CoA. Each acyl-CoA species has distinct roles in metabolism, indicating the potential to report shifts in the metabolic status of the cell. For each metabolite, we consider the metabolic pathways in which it participates and the nutrient sources from which it is derived, the compartmentalisation of its metabolism, and the factors reported to influence its abundance and potential nuclear availability. We also highlight reported biological functions of these metabolically-linked acylation marks. Finally, we aim to illuminate key questions in acyl-CoA metabolism as they relate to the control of chromatin modification. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS A majority of acyl-CoA species are annotated to mitochondrial metabolic processes. Since acyl-CoAs are not known to be directly transported across mitochondrial membranes, they must be synthesized outside of mitochondria and potentially within the nucleus to participate in chromatin regulation. Thus, subcellular metabolic compartmentalisation likely plays a key role in the regulation of histone acylation. Metabolite tracing in combination with targeting of relevant enzymes and transporters will help to map the metabolic pathways that connect acyl-CoA metabolism to chromatin modification. The specific function of each acyl-CoA may be determined in part by biochemical properties that affect its propensity for enzymatic versus non-enzymatic protein modification, as well as the various enzymes that can add, remove and bind each modification. Further, competitive and inhibitory effects of different acyl-CoA species on these enzymes make determining the relative abundance of acyl-CoA species in specific contexts important to understand the regulation of chromatin acylation. An improved and more nuanced understanding of metabolic regulation of chromatin and its roles in physiological and disease-related processes will emerge as these questions are answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Trefely
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Claudia D Lovell
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Naquet P, Kerr EW, Vickers SD, Leonardi R. Regulation of coenzyme A levels by degradation: the 'Ins and Outs'. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 78:101028. [PMID: 32234503 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme A (CoA) is the predominant acyl carrier in mammalian cells and a cofactor that plays a key role in energy and lipid metabolism. CoA and its thioesters (acyl-CoAs) regulate a multitude of metabolic processes at different levels: as substrates, allosteric modulators, and via post-translational modification of histones and other non-histone proteins. Evidence is emerging that synthesis and degradation of CoA are regulated in a manner that enables metabolic flexibility in different subcellular compartments. Degradation of CoA occurs through distinct intra- and extracellular pathways that rely on the activity of specific hydrolases. The pantetheinase enzymes specifically hydrolyze pantetheine to cysteamine and pantothenate, the last step in the extracellular degradation pathway for CoA. This reaction releases pantothenate in the bloodstream, making this CoA precursor available for cellular uptake and de novo CoA synthesis. Intracellular degradation of CoA depends on specific mitochondrial and peroxisomal Nudix hydrolases. These enzymes are also active against a subset of acyl-CoAs and play a key role in the regulation of subcellular (acyl-)CoA pools and CoA-dependent metabolic reactions. The evidence currently available indicates that the extracellular and intracellular (acyl-)CoA degradation pathways are regulated in a coordinated and opposite manner by the nutritional state and maximize the changes in the total intracellular CoA levels that support the metabolic switch between fed and fasted states in organs like the liver. The objective of this review is to update the contribution of these pathways to the regulation of metabolism, physiology and pathology and to highlight the many questions that remain open.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Naquet
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France.
| | - Evan W Kerr
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States of America
| | - Schuyler D Vickers
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States of America
| | - Roberta Leonardi
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States of America.
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Van Veldhoven PP, de Schryver E, Young SG, Zwijsen A, Fransen M, Espeel M, Baes M, Van Ael E. Slc25a17 Gene Trapped Mice: PMP34 Plays a Role in the Peroxisomal Degradation of Phytanic and Pristanic Acid. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:144. [PMID: 32266253 PMCID: PMC7106852 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice lacking PMP34, a peroxisomal membrane transporter encoded by Slc25a17, did not manifest any obvious phenotype on a Swiss Webster genetic background, even with various treatments designed to unmask impaired peroxisomal functioning. Peroxisomal α- and β-oxidation rates in PMP34 deficient fibroblasts or liver slices were not or only modestly affected and in bile, no abnormal bile acid intermediates were detected. Peroxisomal content of cofactors like CoA, ATP, NAD+, thiamine-pyrophosphate and pyridoxal-phosphate, based on direct or indirect data, appeared normal as were tissue plasmalogen and very long chain fatty acid levels. However, upon dietary phytol administration, the knockout mice displayed hepatomegaly, liver inflammation, and an induction of peroxisomal enzymes. This phenotype was partially mediated by PPARα. Hepatic triacylglycerols and cholesterylesters were elevated and both phytanic acid and pristanic acid accumulated in the liver lipids, in females to higher extent than in males. In addition, pristanic acid degradation products were detected, as wells as the CoA-esters of all these branched fatty acids. Hence, PMP34 is important for the degradation of phytanic/pristanic acid and/or export of their metabolites. Whether this is caused by a shortage of peroxisomal CoA affecting the intraperoxisomal formation of pristanoyl-CoA (and perhaps of phytanoyl-CoA), or the SCPx-catalyzed thiolytic cleavage during pristanic acid β-oxidation, could not be proven in this model, but the phytol-derived acyl-CoA profile is compatible with the latter possibility. On the other hand, the normal functioning of other peroxisomal pathways, and especially bile acid formation, seems to exclude severe transport problems or a shortage of CoA, and other cofactors like FAD, NAD(P)+, TPP. Based on our findings, PMP34 deficiency in humans is unlikely to be a life threatening condition but could cause elevated phytanic/pristanic acid levels in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evelyn de Schryver
- LIPIT, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephen G. Young
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - An Zwijsen
- Laboratory of Developmental Signaling, Department Human Genetics, VIB-KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Fransen
- LIPIT, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Espeel
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology, Histology and Medical Physics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Myriam Baes
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elke Van Ael
- LIPIT, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Hwang I, Uddin MJ, Pak ES, Kang H, Jin EJ, Jo S, Kang D, Lee H, Ha H. The impaired redox balance in peroxisomes of catalase knockout mice accelerates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through endoplasmic reticulum stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 148:22-32. [PMID: 31877356 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are essential organelles for maintaining the homeostasis of lipids and reactive oxygen species (ROS). While oxidative stress-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays an important role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the role of peroxisomes in ROS-mediated ER stress in the development of NAFLD remains elusive. We investigated whether an impaired peroxisomal redox state accelerates NAFLD by activating ER stress by inhibiting catalase, an antioxidant expressed exclusively in peroxisomes. Wild-type (WT) and catalase knockout (CKO) mice were fed either a normal diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 11 weeks. HFD-induced phenotype changes and liver injury accompanied by ER stress and peroxisomal dysfunction were accelerated in CKO mice compared to WT mice. Interestingly, these changes were also significantly increased in CKO mice fed a normal diet. Inhibition of catalase by 3-aminotriazole in hepatocytes resulted in the following effects: (i) increased peroxisomal H2O2 levels as measured by a peroxisome-targeted H2O2 probe (HyPer-P); (ii) elevated intracellular ROS; (iii) decreased peroxisomal biogenesis; (iv) activated ER stress; (v) induced lipogenic genes and neutral lipid accumulation; and (vi) suppressed insulin signaling cascade associated with JNK activation. N-acetylcysteine or 4-phenylbutyric acid effectively prevented those alterations. These results suggest that a redox imbalance in peroxisomes perturbs cellular metabolism through the activation of ER stress in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inah Hwang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seon Pak
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeji Kang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Suin Jo
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmin Kang
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjin Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Jia Z, Zhao C, Wang M, Zhao X, Zhang W, Han T, Xia Q, Han Z, Lin R, Li X. Hepatotoxicity assessment of Rhizoma Paridis in adult zebrafish through proteomes and metabolome. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 121:109558. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Kapoor I, Varada R, Aroli S, Varshney U. Nudix hydrolases with Coenzyme A (CoA) and acyl-CoA pyrophosphatase activities confer growth advantage to Mycobacterium smegmatis. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2019; 165:1219-1232. [PMID: 31526453 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nudix hydrolase family proteins hydrolyse toxic by-products of cellular metabolism such as mutagenic nucleoside triphosphates, sugar nucleotides and signalling molecules. We studied the substrate specificities of Nudix hydrolases encoded by rv3672c and rv3040c from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and their respective homologues, msmeg_6185 and msmeg_2327 from M. smegmatis. The rv3672c- and msmeg_6185-encoded proteins (Rv3672 and MSMEG_6185, respectively) showed CoA pyrophosphatase (CoAse) activity that converted acyl-CoA to adenosine-3',5'-diphosphate (3', 5'-ADP) and 4-acyl phosphopantetheine. The efficiencies of Rv3672 and MSMEG_6185 in hydrolysing CoA derivatives were found to be higher than those of the Rv3040 and MSMEG_2327 (encoded by rv3040c and msmeg_2327, respectively). Further, amongst the substrates tested, Rv3672 and MSMEG_6185 used CoA and oxidized CoA as the most preferred substrates. Use of the M. smegmatis model showed that the expression of msmeg_6185 occurs in the log and stationary phases but declines during the late stationary phase and becomes undetectable during hypoxia. The co-culture competition experiments performed between the wild-type and Δmsmeg_6185 strains of M. smegmatis in different carbon sources revealed that the presence of msmeg_6185 provided growth fitness advantage to M. smegmatis, irrespective of the carbon source, implicating its function in regulation for the optimal physiological levels of acyl-CoAs in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Kapoor
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Rajagopal Varada
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Shashanka Aroli
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Umesh Varshney
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, 560064, India
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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31
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Balas L, Risé P, Gandrath D, Rovati G, Bolego C, Stellari F, Trenti A, Buccellati C, Durand T, Sala A. Rapid Metabolization of Protectin D1 by β-Oxidation of Its Polar Head Chain. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9961-9975. [PMID: 31626541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Protectin D1 [neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1), PD1] has been proposed to play a key role in the resolution of inflammation. Aside from its ω-monohydroxylated metabolite, little has been reported on its metabolic fate. Upon NPD1 incubation in HepG2 cells, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed the formation of two main metabolites, identified as 2,3-dinor-NPD1 and 2,3,4,5-tetranor-NPD1 by comparison with standards obtained through demanding total chemical syntheses. These data represent the first evidence of β-oxidation occurring in specialized proresolving mediators and show that the biotransformation of NPD1 by human hepatoma cells is extremely rapid and faster than that of leukotriene (LTE4). Unlike LTE4, the main metabolic process occurs from the polar head chain of NPD1. It may limit NPD1 systemic circulation and prevent its urinary excretion, making difficult its detection and quantitation in vivo. Interestingly, tetranor-NPD1, but not dinor-NPD1, maintained the bioactivity of the parent NPD1, inhibiting neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro and neutrophil tissue infiltration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Balas
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) , UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM , 34093 Montpellier , France
| | - Patrizia Risé
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Balzaretti 9 , 20133 Milano , Italia
| | - Dayaker Gandrath
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) , UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM , 34093 Montpellier , France
| | - Gianenrico Rovati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Balzaretti 9 , 20133 Milano , Italia
| | - Chiara Bolego
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco , Università di Padova , Largo Meneghetti 2 , 35131 Padova , Italia
| | - Fabio Stellari
- Chiesi Farmaceutici , Via Paradigna , 43122 Parma , Italia
| | - Annalisa Trenti
- Dipartimento di Medicina , Università di Padova, Padova , Via Giustiniani 2 , 35131 Padova , Italia
| | - Carola Buccellati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Balzaretti 9 , 20133 Milano , Italia
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) , UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM , 34093 Montpellier , France
| | - Angelo Sala
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Balzaretti 9 , 20133 Milano , Italia.,IBIM , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Via Ugo la Malfa 153 , 90146 Palermo , Italia
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Vamecq J, Papegay B, Nuyens V, Boogaerts J, Leo O, Kruys V. Mitochondrial dysfunction, AMPK activation and peroxisomal metabolism: A coherent scenario for non-canonical 3-methylglutaconic acidurias. Biochimie 2019; 168:53-82. [PMID: 31626852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria (3-MGA) is a well understood phenomenon in leucine oxidation and ketogenesis disorders (primary 3-MGAs). In contrast, its genesis in non-canonical (secondary) 3-MGAs, a growing-up group of disorders encompassing more than a dozen of inherited metabolic diseases, is a mystery still remaining unresolved for three decades. To puzzle out this anthologic problem of metabolism, three clues were considered: (i) the variety of disorders suggests a common cellular target at the cross-road of metabolic and signaling pathways, (ii) the response to leucine loading test only discriminative for primary but not secondary 3-MGAs suggests these latter are disorders of extramitochondrial HMG-CoA metabolism as also attested by their failure to increase 3-hydroxyisovalerate, a mitochondrial metabolite accumulating only in primary 3-MGAs, (iii) the peroxisome is an extramitochondrial site possessing its own pool and displaying metabolism of HMG-CoA, suggesting its possible involvement in producing extramitochondrial 3-methylglutaconate (3-MG). Following these clues provides a unifying common basis to non-canonical 3-MGAs: constitutive mitochondrial dysfunction induces AMPK activation which, by inhibiting early steps in cholesterol and fatty acid syntheses, pipelines cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA to peroxisomes where a rise in HMG-CoA followed by local dehydration and hydrolysis may lead to 3-MGA yield. Additional contributors are considered, notably for 3-MGAs associated with hyperammonemia, and to a lesser extent in CLPB deficiency. Metabolic and signaling itineraries followed by the proposed scenario are essentially sketched, being provided with compelling evidence from the literature coming in their support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Vamecq
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Univ Lille, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Hormonology, Metabolism-Nutrition & Oncology (HMNO), Center of Biology and Pathology (CBP) Pierre-Marie Degand, CHRU Lille, EA 7364 RADEME, University of North France, Lille, France.
| | - Bérengère Papegay
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Vincent Nuyens
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Jean Boogaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Oberdan Leo
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Immunology Research Center (UIRC), Free University of Brussels (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Véronique Kruys
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the Gene, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Immunology Research Center (UIRC), Free University of Brussels (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
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33
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Kerr EW, Shumar SA, Leonardi R. Nudt8 is a novel CoA diphosphohydrolase that resides in the mitochondria. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:1133-1143. [PMID: 31004344 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CoA regulates energy metabolism and exists in separate pools in the cytosol, peroxisomes, and mitochondria. At the whole tissue level, the concentration of CoA changes with the nutritional state by balancing synthesis and degradation; however, it is currently unclear how individual subcellular CoA pools are regulated. Liver and kidney peroxisomes contain Nudt7 and Nudt19, respectively, enzymes that catalyze CoA degradation. We report that Nudt8 is a novel CoA-degrading enzyme that resides in the mitochondria. Nudt8 has a distinctive preference for manganese ions and exhibits a broader tissue distribution than Nudt7 and Nudt19. The existence of CoA-degrading enzymes in both peroxisomes and mitochondria suggests that degradation may be a key regulatory mechanism for modulating the intracellular CoA pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan W Kerr
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Stephanie A Shumar
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Roberta Leonardi
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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34
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Shumar SA, Kerr EW, Fagone P, Infante AM, Leonardi R. Overexpression of Nudt7 decreases bile acid levels and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation in the liver. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1005-1019. [PMID: 30846528 PMCID: PMC6495166 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m092676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism requires CoA, an essential cofactor found in multiple subcellular compartments, including the peroxisomes. In the liver, CoA levels are dynamically adjusted between the fed and fasted states. Elevated CoA levels in the fasted state are driven by increased synthesis; however, this also correlates with decreased expression of Nudix hydrolase (Nudt)7, the major CoA-degrading enzyme in the liver. Nudt7 resides in the peroxisomes, and we overexpressed this enzyme in mouse livers to determine its effect on the size and composition of the hepatic CoA pool in the fed and fasted states. Nudt7 overexpression did not change total CoA levels, but decreased the concentration of short-chain acyl-CoAs and choloyl-CoA in fasted livers, when endogenous Nudt7 activity was lowest. The effect on these acyl-CoAs correlated with a significant decrease in the hepatic bile acid content and in the rate of peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation, as estimated by targeted and untargeted metabolomics, combined with the measurement of fatty acid oxidation in intact hepatocytes. Identification of the CoA species and metabolic pathways affected by the overexpression on Nudt7 in vivo supports the conclusion that the nutritionally driven modulation of Nudt7 activity could contribute to the regulation of the peroxisomal CoA pool and peroxisomal lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Shumar
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Evan W Kerr
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Paolo Fagone
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506; Protein Core Facility West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Aniello M Infante
- Genomics Core Facility West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Roberta Leonardi
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506.
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35
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Murphy RC, Folco G. Lysophospholipid acyltransferases and leukotriene biosynthesis: intersection of the Lands cycle and the arachidonate PI cycle. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:219-226. [PMID: 30606731 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.s091371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) are autacoids derived from the precursor arachidonic acid (AA) via the action of five-lipoxygenase (5-LO). When inflammatory cells are activated, 5-LO translocates to the nuclear membrane to initiate oxygenation of AA released by cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) into leukotriene A4 (LTA4). LTA4 can also be exported from an activated donor cell into an acceptor cell by the process of transcellular biosynthesis. When thimerosal is added to cells, the level of free AA increases by inhibition of lysophospholipid acyltransferases of the Lands pathway of phospholipid remodeling. Another arachidonate phospholipid cycle involves phosphatidylinositol (PI) in the plasma membrane that undoubtedly intersects with the Lands pathway of phospholipid remodeling. The highest abundance of PI occurs between the ER and the plasma membrane and is probably a result of the importance of the PI signaling cascade in cellular biochemistry. Because transport proteins mediate the rapid intracellular movement of phospholipids, largely as result of physical membrane contact, 5-LO-dependent production of LTA4 could be mediated by the disappearance of free AA from the nuclear membrane, transfer to the ER for Lands cycle reesterification into PI, and population of PI(18:0/20:4) for cell membrane signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Giancarlo Folco
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
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Jacobsen AV, Nordén M, Engwall M, Scherbak N. Effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate on genes controlling hepatic fatty acid metabolism in livers of chicken embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:23074-23081. [PMID: 29860686 PMCID: PMC6096545 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2358-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic surfactants with a wide variety of applications; however, due to their stability, they are particularly resistant to degradation and, as such, are classed as persistent organic pollutants. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is one such PFAS that is still detectable in a range of different environmental settings, despite its use now being regulated in numerous countries. Elevated levels of PFOS have been detected in various avian species, and the impact of this on avian health is of interest when determining acceptable levels of PFOS in the environment. Due to its similarities to naturally occurring fatty acids, PFOS has potential to disrupt a range of biological pathways, particularly those associated with lipid metabolism, and this has been shown in various species. In this study, we have investigated how in ovo exposure to environmentally relevant levels of PFOS affects expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism of developing chicken embryos. We have found a broad suppression of transcription of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and PPAR-mediated transcription with more significant effects apparent at lower doses of PFOS. These results highlight the need for more research investigating the biological impacts of low levels of PFAS to properly inform environmental policy governing their regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette V Jacobsen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
- The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Marcus Nordén
- MTM Research Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Magnus Engwall
- MTM Research Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Nikolai Scherbak
- The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
- MTM Research Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
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Steensels S, Ersoy BA. Fatty acid activation in thermogenic adipose tissue. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:79-90. [PMID: 29793055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Channeling carbohydrates and fatty acids to thermogenic tissues, including brown and beige adipocytes, have garnered interest as an approach for the management of obesity-related metabolic disorders. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (β-oxidation) is crucial for the maintenance of thermogenesis. Upon cellular fatty acid uptake or following lipolysis from triglycerides (TG), fatty acids are esterified to coenzyme A (CoA) to form active acyl-CoA molecules. This enzymatic reaction is essential for their utilization in β-oxidation and thermogenesis. The activation and deactivation of fatty acids are regulated by two sets of enzymes called acyl-CoA synthetases (ACS) and acyl-CoA thioesterases (ACOT), respectively. The expression levels of ACS and ACOT family members in thermogenic tissues will determine the substrate availability for β-oxidation, and consequently the thermogenic capacity. Although the role of the majority of ACS and ACOT family members in thermogenesis remains unclear, recent proceedings link the enzymatic activities of ACS and ACOT family members to metabolic disorders and thermogenesis. Elucidating the contributions of specific ACS and ACOT family members to trafficking of fatty acids towards thermogenesis may reveal novel targets for modulating thermogenic capacity and treating metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Steensels
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Baran A Ersoy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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38
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Shumar SA, Kerr EW, Geldenhuys WJ, Montgomery GE, Fagone P, Thirawatananond P, Saavedra H, Gabelli SB, Leonardi R. Nudt19 is a renal CoA diphosphohydrolase with biochemical and regulatory properties that are distinct from the hepatic Nudt7 isoform. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:4134-4148. [PMID: 29378847 PMCID: PMC5857999 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CoA is the major acyl carrier in mammals and a key cofactor in energy metabolism. Dynamic regulation of CoA in different tissues and organs supports metabolic flexibility. Two mammalian Nudix hydrolases, Nudt19 and Nudt7, degrade CoA in vitro Nudt19 and Nudt7 possess conserved Nudix and CoA signature sequences and specifically hydrolyze the diphosphate bond of free CoA and acyl-CoAs to form 3',5'-ADP and 4'-(acyl)phosphopantetheine. Limited information is available on these enzymes, but the relatively high abundance of Nudt19 and Nudt7 mRNA in the kidney and liver, respectively, suggests that they play specific roles in the regulation of CoA levels in these organs. Here, we analyzed Nudt19-/- mice and found that deletion of Nudt19 elevates kidney CoA levels in mice fed ad libitum, indicating that Nudt19 contributes to the regulation of CoA in vivo Unlike what was observed for the regulation of Nudt7 in the liver, Nudt19 transcript and protein levels in the kidney did not differ between fed and fasted states. Instead, we identified chenodeoxycholic acid as a specific Nudt19 inhibitor that competed with CoA for Nudt19 binding but did not bind to Nudt7. Exchange of the Nudix and CoA signature motifs between the two isoforms dramatically decreased their kcat Furthermore, substitutions of conserved residues within these motifs identified amino acids playing different roles in CoA binding and hydrolysis in Nudt19 and Nudt7. Our results reveal that the kidney and liver each possesses a distinct peroxisomal CoA diphosphohydrolase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Werner J Geldenhuys
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26501 and
| | | | | | - Puchong Thirawatananond
- the Departments of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry
- Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | | | - Sandra B Gabelli
- the Departments of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry
- Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Medicine, and
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Delprat B, Maurice T, Delettre C. Wolfram syndrome: MAMs' connection? Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:364. [PMID: 29511163 PMCID: PMC5840383 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Wolfram syndrome (WS) is a rare neurodegenerative disease, the main pathological hallmarks of which associate with diabetes, optic atrophy, and deafness. Other symptoms may be identified in some but not all patients. Prognosis is poor, with death occurring around 35 years of age. To date, no treatment is available. WS was first described as a mitochondriopathy. However, the localization of the protein on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane challenged this hypothesis. ER contacts mitochondria to ensure effective Ca2+ transfer, lipids transfer, and apoptosis within stabilized and functionalized microdomains, termed “mitochondria-associated ER membranes” (MAMs). Two types of WS are characterized so far and Wolfram syndrome type 2 is due to mutation in CISD2, a protein mostly expressed in MAMs. The aim of the present review is to collect evidences showing that WS is indeed a mitochondriopathy, with established MAM dysfunction, and thus share commonalities with several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as metabolic diseases, such as diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Delprat
- INSERM UMR-S1198, 34095, Montpellier, France. .,University of Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier, France.
| | - Tangui Maurice
- INSERM UMR-S1198, 34095, Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Cécile Delettre
- University of Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier, France. .,INSERM UMR-S1051, Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France.
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40
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Adebesin F, Widhalm JR, Lynch JH, McCoy RM, Dudareva N. A peroxisomal thioesterase plays auxiliary roles in plant β-oxidative benzoic acid metabolism. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:905-916. [PMID: 29315918 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomal β-oxidative degradation of compounds is a common metabolic process in eukaryotes. Reported benzoyl-coenzyme A (BA-CoA) thioesterase activity in peroxisomes from petunia flowers suggests that, like mammals and fungi, plants contain auxiliary enzymes mediating β-oxidation. Here we report the identification of Petunia hybrida thioesterase 1 (PhTE1), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of aromatic acyl-CoAs to their corresponding acids in peroxisomes. PhTE1 expression is spatially, developmentally and temporally regulated and exhibits a similar pattern to known benzenoid metabolic genes. PhTE1 activity is inhibited by free coenzyme A (CoA), indicating that PhTE1 is regulated by the peroxisomal CoA pool. PhTE1 downregulation in petunia flowers led to accumulation of BA-CoA with increased production of benzylbenzoate and phenylethylbenzoate, two compounds which rely on the presence of BA-CoA precursor in the cytoplasm, suggesting that acyl-CoAs can be exported from peroxisomes. Furthermore, PhTE1 downregulation resulted in increased pools of cytoplasmic phenylpropanoid pathway intermediates, volatile phenylpropenes, lignin and anthocyanins. These results indicate that PhTE1 influences (i) intraperoxisomal acyl-CoA/CoA levels needed to carry out β-oxidation, (ii) efflux of β-oxidative products, acyl-CoAs and free acids, from peroxisomes, and (iii) flux distribution within the benzenoid/phenylpropanoid metabolic network. Thus, this demonstrates that plant thioesterases play multiple auxiliary roles in peroxisomal β-oxidative metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funmilayo Adebesin
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Joshua R Widhalm
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Joseph H Lynch
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Rachel M McCoy
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Natalia Dudareva
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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41
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Characterization of human ATP-binding cassette protein subfamily D reconstituted into proteoliposomes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:1122-1127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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42
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Han van der Kolk JH, Gross JJ, Gerber V, Bruckmaier RM. Disturbed bovine mitochondrial lipid metabolism: a review. Vet Q 2017; 37:262-273. [PMID: 28712316 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2017.1354561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, excess energy is stored primarily as triglycerides, which are mobilized when energy demands arise and cannot be covered by feed intake. This review mainly focuses on the role of long chain fatty acids in disturbed energy metabolism of the bovine species. Long chain fatty acids regulate energy metabolism as ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Carnitine acts as a carrier of fatty acyl groups as long-chain acyl-CoA derivatives do not penetrate the mitochondrial inner membrane. There are two different types of disorders in lipid metabolism which can occur in cattle, namely the hypoglycaemic-hypoinsulinaemic and the hyperglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic type with the latter not always associated with ketosis. There is general agreement that fatty acid β-oxidation capability is limited in the liver of (ketotic) cows. In accord, supplemental L-carnitine decreased liver lipid accumulation in periparturient Holstein cows. Of note, around parturition concurrent oxidation of fatty acids in skeletal muscle is highly activated. Also peroxisomal β-oxidation in liver of dairy cows may be part of the hepatic adaptations to a negative energy balance (NEB) to break down fatty acids. An elevated blood concentration of nonesterified fatty acids is one of the indicators of NEB in cattle among others like increased β-hydroxy butyrate concentration, and decreased concentrations of glucose, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-I. Assuming that liver carnitine concentrations might limit hepatic fatty acid oxidation capacity in dairy cows, further study of the role of acyl-CoA dehydrogenases and/or riboflavin in bovine ketosis is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Han van der Kolk
- a Division of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Swiss Institute for Equine Medicine (ISME), Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty , University of Bern and Agroscope , Bern , Switzerland
| | - J J Gross
- b Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty , University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - V Gerber
- a Division of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Swiss Institute for Equine Medicine (ISME), Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty , University of Bern and Agroscope , Bern , Switzerland
| | - R M Bruckmaier
- b Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty , University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
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43
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Beauclercq S, Hennequet-Antier C, Praud C, Godet E, Collin A, Tesseraud S, Métayer-Coustard S, Bourin M, Moroldo M, Martins F, Lagarrigue S, Bihan-Duval EL, Berri C. Muscle transcriptome analysis reveals molecular pathways and biomarkers involved in extreme ultimate pH and meat defect occurrence in chicken. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6447. [PMID: 28743971 PMCID: PMC5526995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06511-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The processing ability and sensory quality of chicken breast meat are highly related to its ultimate pH (pHu), which is mainly determined by the amount of glycogen in the muscle at death. To unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying glycogen and meat pHu variations and to identify predictive biomarkers of these traits, a transcriptome profiling analysis was performed using an Agilent custom chicken 8 × 60 K microarray. The breast muscle gene expression patterns were studied in two chicken lines experimentally selected for high (pHu+) and low (pHu-) pHu values of the breast meat. Across the 1,436 differentially expressed (DE) genes found between the two lines, many were involved in biological processes related to muscle development and remodelling and carbohydrate and energy metabolism. The functional analysis showed an intensive use of carbohydrate metabolism to produce energy in the pHu- line, while alternative catabolic pathways were solicited in the muscle of the pHu+ broilers, compromising their muscle development and integrity. After a validation step on a population of 278 broilers using microfluidic RT-qPCR, 20 genes were identified by partial least squares regression as good predictors of the pHu, opening new perspectives of screening broilers likely to present meat quality defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marie Bourin
- ITAVI-Institut Technique de l'Aviculture, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Marco Moroldo
- GABI, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Frédéric Martins
- Plateforme Génome et Transcriptome, Génopole de Toulouse, France.,INSERM, UMR1048, F-31432, Toulouse, France
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44
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Hung JY, Chiang SR, Liu KT, Tsai MJ, Huang MS, Shieh JM, Yen MC, Hsu YL. Overexpression and proliferation dependence of acyl-CoA thioesterase 11 and 13 in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:3647-3656. [PMID: 28927126 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolites of fatty acyl-Coenzyme A (CoA) and metabolic enzymes contribute to lipid biosynthesis, signal transduction, and gene transcription. Previous studies have indicated that elevated concentrations of specific free fatty acids in the plasma and overexpression of specific fatty acyl-CoA metabolic enzymes are observed in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. However, there are >30 enzymes in this metabolic network and have been fully investigated. In the present study, the expression levels of enzymes in the acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) and acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT) families were analyzed from six microarray expression datasets that were collected from Gene Expression Omnibus. Compared with adjacent non-tumor lung tissue, lung adenocarcinoma tissue exhibited significantly higher ACOT11 and ACOT13 expression. Kaplan-Meier plotter database analysis demonstrated that high levels of ACOT11 and ACOT13 were associated with a worse overall survival rate. The proliferation of the lung adenocarcinoma cell lines CL1-0 and CL1-5 was inhibited when ACOT11 and ACOT13 were downregulated by short hairpin RNA. Although ACOT11 and ACOT13 knockdown did not significantly affect the total amount of intracellular and medium-free fatty acids, ACOT11 and ACOT13 knockdown-mediated growth inhibition was rescued by the addition of fatty acids. In conclusion, ACOT11 and ACOT13 were upregulated in clinical specimens of lung adenocarcinoma, which may contribute to increased cell proliferation through the increased availability of fatty acids. The metabolites of the two enzymes may be critical for development of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Yu Hung
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shyh-Ren Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuan-Ting Liu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Ju Tsai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Shyan Huang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jiunn-Min Shieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Meng-Chi Yen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ya-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
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45
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Tillander V, Alexson SEH, Cohen DE. Deactivating Fatty Acids: Acyl-CoA Thioesterase-Mediated Control of Lipid Metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:473-484. [PMID: 28385385 PMCID: PMC5474144 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The cellular uptake of free fatty acids (FFA) is followed by esterification to coenzyme A (CoA), generating fatty acyl-CoAs that are substrates for oxidation or incorporation into complex lipids. Acyl-CoA thioesterases (ACOTs) constitute a family of enzymes that hydrolyze fatty acyl-CoAs to form FFA and CoA. Although biochemically and biophysically well characterized, the metabolic functions of these enzymes remain incompletely understood. Existing evidence suggests regulatory roles in controlling rates of peroxisomal and mitochondrial fatty acyl-CoA oxidation, as well as in the subcellular trafficking of fatty acids. Emerging data implicate ACOTs in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, suggesting that better understanding their pathobiology could reveal unique targets in the management of obesity, diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Tillander
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 14186, Sweden
| | - Stefan E H Alexson
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 14186, Sweden
| | - David E Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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46
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Hua R, Cheng D, Coyaud É, Freeman S, Di Pietro E, Wang Y, Vissa A, Yip CM, Fairn GD, Braverman N, Brumell JH, Trimble WS, Raught B, Kim PK. VAPs and ACBD5 tether peroxisomes to the ER for peroxisome maintenance and lipid homeostasis. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:367-377. [PMID: 28108526 PMCID: PMC5294787 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201608128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes and the ER exchange lipids for various metabolic and anabolic reactions. In this study, Hua et al. show that the interaction between the ER-resident VAPs with the peroxisomal protein ACBD5 tethers peroxisomes to the ER. This tether is required for the exchange of lipids, including cholesterol, between the two organelles. Lipid exchange between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and peroxisomes is necessary for the synthesis and catabolism of lipids, the trafficking of cholesterol, and peroxisome biogenesis in mammalian cells. However, how lipids are exchanged between these two organelles is not understood. In this study, we report that the ER-resident VAMP-associated proteins A and B (VAPA and VAPB) interact with the peroxisomal membrane protein acyl-CoA binding domain containing 5 (ACBD5) and that this interaction is required to tether the two organelles together, thereby facilitating the lipid exchange between them. Depletion of either ACBD5 or VAP expression results in increased peroxisome mobility, suggesting that VAP–ACBD5 complex acts as the primary ER–peroxisome tether. We also demonstrate that tethering of peroxisomes to the ER is necessary for peroxisome growth, the synthesis of plasmalogen phospholipids, and the maintenance of cellular cholesterol levels. Collectively, our data highlight the importance of VAP–ACBD5–mediated contact between the ER and peroxisomes for organelle maintenance and lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Hua
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G0A4, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Derrick Cheng
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G0A4, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Étienne Coyaud
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Spencer Freeman
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Erminia Di Pietro
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G0A4, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Adriano Vissa
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G0A4, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S3E1, Canada
| | - Christopher M Yip
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S3E1, Canada
| | - Gregory D Fairn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Nancy Braverman
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - John H Brumell
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G0A4, Canada.,SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G0A4, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G1L7, Canada
| | - William S Trimble
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G0A4, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Brian Raught
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G1L7, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Peter K Kim
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G0A4, Canada .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada
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47
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Song Y, Rundberget JT, Evenseth LM, Xie L, Gomes T, Høgåsen T, Iguchi T, Tollefsen KE. Whole-Organism Transcriptomic Analysis Provides Mechanistic Insight into the Acute Toxicity of Emamectin Benzoate in Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:11994-12003. [PMID: 27704796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Emamectin benzoate (EMB) is an antisea lice chemical widely used in the aquaculture that may also unintentionally affect nontarget crustaceans in the environment. Although the adverse effects of this compound are well documented in various species, the full modes of action (MoAs) are still not well characterized. The current study was therefore conducted to characterize the MoAs of EMB and link perturbations of key toxicological pathways to adverse effects in the model freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna. Effects on molting and survival were determined after 48 h exposure to EMB, whereas global transcriptional changes and the ecdysone receptor (EcR) binding potency was determined to characterize the MoA. The results showed that the molting frequency and survival of D. magna decreased in a concentration-dependent manner, and the observed changes could not be attributed to direct interactions with the EcR. Major MoAs such as activation of glutamate-gated chloride channels and gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling, disruption of neuroendocrine regulation of molting, perturbation of energy homeostasis, suppression of DNA repair and induction of programmed cell death were observed by transcriptional analysis and successfully linked to the adverse effects. This study has demonstrated that acute exposure to intermediate and high pM levels of EMB may pose hazards to nontarget crustaceans in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Song
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment , Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Thomas Rundberget
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment , Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Linn Mari Evenseth
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway , NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Li Xie
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment , Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) , Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Sciences (IMV), Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD). P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tânia Gomes
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment , Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) , Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Sciences (IMV), Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD). P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Høgåsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment , Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, SOKENDAI, Graduate University for Advanced Studies , 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB), National Institutes of Natural Sciences , 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment , Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) , Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Sciences (IMV), Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD). P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Oslo, Norway
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48
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Plant acyl-CoA-binding proteins: An emerging family involved in plant development and stress responses. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 63:165-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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49
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Rondini EA, Duniec-Dmuchowski Z, Cukovic D, Dombkowski AA, Kocarek TA. Differential Regulation of Gene Expression by Cholesterol Biosynthesis Inhibitors That Reduce (Pravastatin) or Enhance (Squalestatin 1) Nonsterol Isoprenoid Levels in Primary Cultured Mouse and Rat Hepatocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 358:216-29. [PMID: 27225895 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.233312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Squalene synthase inhibitors (SSIs), such as squalestatin 1 (SQ1), reduce cholesterol biosynthesis but cause the accumulation of isoprenoids derived from farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), which can modulate the activity of nuclear receptors, including the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), farnesoid X receptor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). In comparison, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (e.g., pravastatin) inhibit production of both cholesterol and nonsterol isoprenoids. To characterize the effects of isoprenoids on hepatocellular physiology, microarrays were used to compare orthologous gene expression from primary cultured mouse and rat hepatocytes that were treated with either SQ1 or pravastatin. Compared with controls, 47 orthologs were affected by both inhibitors, 90 were affected only by SQ1, and 51 were unique to pravastatin treatment (P < 0.05, ≥1.5-fold change). When the effects of SQ1 and pravastatin were compared directly, 162 orthologs were found to be differentially coregulated between the two treatments. Genes involved in cholesterol and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis were up-regulated by both inhibitors, consistent with cholesterol depletion; however, the extent of induction was greater in rat than in mouse hepatocytes. SQ1 induced several orthologs associated with microsomal, peroxisomal, and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and repressed orthologs involved in cell cycle regulation. By comparison, pravastatin repressed the expression of orthologs involved in retinol and xenobiotic metabolism. Several of the metabolic genes altered by isoprenoids were inducible by a PPARα agonist, whereas cytochrome P450 isoform 2B was inducible by activators of CAR. Our findings indicate that SSIs uniquely influence cellular lipid metabolism and cell cycle regulation, probably due to FPP catabolism through the farnesol pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Rondini
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (E.A.R., Z.D.-D., T.A.K.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.C., A.A.D.), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Zofia Duniec-Dmuchowski
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (E.A.R., Z.D.-D., T.A.K.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.C., A.A.D.), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Daniela Cukovic
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (E.A.R., Z.D.-D., T.A.K.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.C., A.A.D.), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Alan A Dombkowski
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (E.A.R., Z.D.-D., T.A.K.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.C., A.A.D.), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Thomas A Kocarek
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (E.A.R., Z.D.-D., T.A.K.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.C., A.A.D.), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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50
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Abstract
Spaceflight affects numerous organ systems in the body, leading to metabolic dysfunction that may have long-term consequences. Microgravity-induced alterations in liver metabolism, particularly with respect to lipids, remain largely unexplored. Here we utilize a novel systems biology approach, combining metabolomics and transcriptomics with advanced Raman microscopy, to investigate altered hepatic lipid metabolism in mice following short duration spaceflight. Mice flown aboard Space Transportation System -135, the last Shuttle mission, lose weight but redistribute lipids, particularly to the liver. Intriguingly, spaceflight mice lose retinol from lipid droplets. Both mRNA and metabolite changes suggest the retinol loss is linked to activation of PPARα-mediated pathways and potentially to hepatic stellate cell activation, both of which may be coincident with increased bile acids and early signs of liver injury. Although the 13-day flight duration is too short for frank fibrosis to develop, the retinol loss plus changes in markers of extracellular matrix remodeling raise the concern that longer duration exposure to the space environment may result in progressive liver damage, increasing the risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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