1
|
Chen ST, Ran F, Shi WW, Liu CK, Wang PC, Luo HN, Yang ZM. Tryptophan in the mouse diet is essential for embryo implantation and decidualization. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1356914. [PMID: 38752181 PMCID: PMC11094255 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1356914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nutritional deficiency occurs frequently during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Tryptophan (Trp), an essential amino acid which is critical for protein synthesis, serves as the precursor for serotonin, melatonin, and kynurenine (Kyn). The imbalance between serotonin and kynurenine pathways in Trp metabolism is closely related to inflammation and depression. This study assessed the effects of Trp deficiency on mouse early pregnancy. Methods Embryo implantation and decidualization were analyzed after female mice had been fed diets containing 0.2% Trp (for the control group), 0.062% Trp (for the low Trp group) and 0% Trp (for the Trp-free group) for two months. The uteri of the mice were collected on days 4, 5, and 8 of pregnancy for further analysis. Results On day 8 of pregnancy, the number of implantation sites were found to be similar between the control and the low Trp groups. However, no implantation sites were detected in the Trp-free group. On day 5 of pregnancy, plane polarity- and decidualization-related molecules showed abnormal expression pattern in the Trp-free group. On day 4 of pregnancy, there was no significant difference in uterine receptivity molecules between the low-Trp group and the control group, but uterine receptivity was abnormal in the Trp-free group. At implantation sites of the Trp-free group, IDO and AHR levels were markedly elevated. This potentially increased levels of Kyn, 2-hydroxy estradiol, and 4-hydroxy estradiol to affect decidualization. Conclusions Trp-free diet may impair decidualization via the IDO-KYN-AHR pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ting Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountain Region, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Feng Ran
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountain Region, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wen-Wen Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Kan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng-Chao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Hui-Na Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeng-Ming Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountain Region, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abad C, Karahoda R, Orbisova A, Kastner P, Heblik D, Kucera R, Portillo R, Staud F. Pathological shifts in tryptophan metabolism in human term placenta exposed to LPS or poly I:C†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:722-738. [PMID: 38145492 PMCID: PMC11017130 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune activation during pregnancy is a risk factor for offspring neuropsychiatric disorders. Among the mechanistic pathways by which maternal inflammation can affect fetal brain development and programming, those involving tryptophan (TRP) metabolism have drawn attention because various TRP metabolites have neuroactive properties. This study evaluates the effect of bacterial (lipopolysaccharides/LPS) and viral (polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid/poly I:C) placental infection on TRP metabolism using an ex vivo model. Human placenta explants were exposed to LPS or poly I:C, and the release of TRP metabolites was analyzed together with the expression of related genes and proteins and the functional activity of key enzymes in TRP metabolism. The rate-limiting enzyme in the serotonin pathway, tryptophan hydroxylase, showed reduced expression and functional activity in explants exposed to LPS or poly I:C. Conversely, the rate-limiting enzyme in the kynurenine pathway, indoleamine dioxygenase, exhibited increased activity, gene, and protein expression, suggesting that placental infection mainly promotes TRP metabolism via the kynurenine (KYN) pathway. Furthermore, we observed that treatment with LPS or poly I:C increased activity in the kynurenine monooxygenase branch of the KYN pathway. We conclude that placental infection impairs TRP homeostasis, resulting in decreased production of serotonin and an imbalance in the ratio between quinolinic acid and kynurenic acid. This disrupted homeostasis may eventually expose the fetus to suboptimal/toxic levels of neuroactive molecules and impair fetal brain development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cilia Abad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rona Karahoda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Orbisova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kastner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Heblik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Kucera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ramon Portillo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Staud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chan JC, Alenina N, Cunningham AM, Ramakrishnan A, Shen L, Bader M, Maze I. Serotonin Transporter-dependent Histone Serotonylation in Placenta Contributes to the Neurodevelopmental Transcriptome. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168454. [PMID: 38266980 PMCID: PMC10957302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Brain development requires appropriate regulation of serotonin (5-HT) signaling from distinct tissue sources across embryogenesis. At the maternal-fetal interface, the placenta is thought to be an important contributor of offspring brain 5-HT and is critical to overall fetal health. Yet, how placental 5-HT is acquired, and the mechanisms through which 5-HT influences placental functions, are not well understood. Recently, our group identified a novel epigenetic role for 5-HT, in which 5-HT can be added to histone proteins to regulate transcription, a process called H3 serotonylation. Here, we show that H3 serotonylation undergoes dynamic regulation during placental development, corresponding to gene expression changes that are known to influence key metabolic processes. Using transgenic mice, we demonstrate that placental H3 serotonylation is dependent on 5-HT uptake by the serotonin transporter (SERT/SLC6A4). SERT deletion robustly reduces enrichment of H3 serotonylation across the placental genome, and disrupts neurodevelopmental gene networks in early embryonic brain tissues. Thus, these findings suggest a novel role for H3 serotonylation in coordinating placental transcription at the intersection of maternal physiology and offspring brain development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Chan
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ashley M Cunningham
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aarthi Ramakrishnan
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ian Maze
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kinkade JA, Seetharam AS, Sachdev S, Bivens NJ, Phinney BS, Grigorean G, Roberts RM, Tuteja G, Rosenfeld CS. Extracellular vesicles from mouse trophoblast cells: Effects on neural progenitor cells and potential participants in the placenta-brain axis†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:310-328. [PMID: 37883444 PMCID: PMC10873279 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The fetal brain of the mouse is thought to be dependent upon the placenta as a source of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) and other factors. How factors reach the developing brain remains uncertain but are postulated here to be part of the cargo carried by placental extracellular vesicles (EV). We have analyzed the protein, catecholamine, and small RNA content of EV from mouse trophoblast stem cells (TSC) and TSC differentiated into parietal trophoblast giant cells (pTGC), potential primary purveyors of 5-HT. Current studies examined how exposure of mouse neural progenitor cells (NPC) to EV from either TSC or pTGC affect their transcriptome profiles. The EV from trophoblast cells contained relatively high amounts of 5-HT, as well as dopamine and norepinephrine, but there were no significant differences between EV derived from pTGC and from TSC. Content of miRNA and small nucleolar (sno)RNA, however, did differ according to EV source, and snoRNA were upregulated in EV from pTGC. The primary inferred targets of the microRNA (miRNA) from both pTGC and TSC were mRNA enriched in the fetal brain. NPC readily internalized EV, leading to changes in their transcriptome profiles. Transcripts regulated were mainly ones enriched in neural tissues. The transcripts in EV-treated NPC that demonstrated a likely complementarity with miRNA in EV were mainly up- rather than downregulated, with functions linked to neuronal processes. Our results are consistent with placenta-derived EV providing direct support for fetal brain development and being an integral part of the placenta-brain axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Kinkade
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Arun S Seetharam
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Shrikesh Sachdev
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Nathan J Bivens
- Genomics Technology Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Brett S Phinney
- Proteomics Core UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gabriela Grigorean
- Proteomics Core UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - R Michael Roberts
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Geetu Tuteja
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- MU Institute of Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Adibi JJ, Zhao Y, Koistinen H, Mitchell RT, Barrett ES, Miller R, O'Connor TG, Xun X, Liang HW, Birru R, Smith M, Moog NK. Molecular pathways in placental-fetal development and disruption. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 581:112075. [PMID: 37852527 PMCID: PMC10958409 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The first trimester of pregnancy ranks high in priority when minimizing harmful exposures, given the wide-ranging types of organogenesis occurring between 4- and 12-weeks' gestation. One way to quantify potential harm to the fetus in the first trimester is to measure a corollary effect on the placenta. Placental biomarkers are widely present in maternal circulation, cord blood, and placental tissue biopsied at birth or at the time of pregnancy termination. Here we evaluate ten diverse pathways involving molecules expressed in the first trimester human placenta based on their relevance to normal fetal development and to the hypothesis of placental-fetal endocrine disruption (perturbation in development that results in abnormal endocrine function in the offspring), namely: human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), thyroid hormone regulation, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor protein gamma (PPARγ), leptin, transforming growth factor beta, epiregulin, growth differentiation factor 15, small nucleolar RNAs, serotonin, and vitamin D. Some of these are well-established as biomarkers of placental-fetal endocrine disruption, while others are not well studied and were selected based on discovery analyses of the placental transcriptome. A literature search on these biomarkers summarizes evidence of placenta-specific production and regulation of each biomarker, and their role in fetal reproductive tract, brain, and other specific domains of fetal development. In this review, we extend the theory of fetal programming to placental-fetal programming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Adibi
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Yaqi Zhao
- St. Jude's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hannu Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rod T Mitchell
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Environmental and Population Health Bio-Sciences, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Richard Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Thomas G O'Connor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoshuang Xun
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hai-Wei Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rahel Birru
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Megan Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nora K Moog
- Department of Medical Psychology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Öztürk S, Demir M, Koçkaya EA, Karaaslan C, Süloğlu AK. Establishment of a 3D multicellular placental microtissues for investigating the effect of antidepressant vortioxetine. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 123:108519. [PMID: 38043629 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The placenta is a unique organ with an active metabolism and dynamically changing physiology throughout pregnancy. It is difficult to elucidate the structure of cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions of the placenta in in vivo studies due to interspecies differences and ethical constraints. In this study, human umbilical cord vein cells (HUVEC) and human placental choriocarcinoma cells (BeWo) were co-cultured for the first time to form spheroids (microtissues) on a three-dimensional (3D) Petri Dish® mold and compared with a traditional two-dimensional (2D) system. Vortioxetine is an antidepressant with a lack of literature on its use in pregnancy in established cultures, the toxicity of vortioxetine was studied to investigate the response of spheroids representing placental tissue. Spheroids were characterised by morphology and exposed to vortioxetine. Cell viability and barrier integrity were then measured. Intercellular junctions and the localisation of serotonin transporter (SERT) proteins were demonstrated by immunofluorescence (IF) staining in BeWo cells. Human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) hormone levels were also measured. In the 3D system, cell viability and hormone production were higher than in the 2D system. It was observed that the barrier structure was impaired, the structure of intracellular skeletal elements was altered and SERT expression decreased depending on vortioxetine exposure. These results demonstrate that the multicellular microtissue placenta model can be used to obtain results that more closely resemble in vivo toxicity studies of various xenobiotics than other 2D and mono-culture spheroid models in the literature. It also describes the use of 3D models for soft tissues other than the placenta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selen Öztürk
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Zoology Section, Beytepe Campus, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Merve Demir
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Zoology Section, Beytepe Campus, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - E Arzu Koçkaya
- Gazi University, The Higher Vocational School of Health Services, Gölbaşı Campus, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Cagatay Karaaslan
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Beytepe Campus, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Aysun Kılıç Süloğlu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Zoology Section, Beytepe Campus, Ankara, Türkiye.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chan JC, Alenina N, Cunningham AM, Ramakrishnan A, Shen L, Bader M, Maze I. Serotonin transporter-dependent histone serotonylation in placenta contributes to the neurodevelopmental transcriptome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.14.567020. [PMID: 38014301 PMCID: PMC10680709 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.14.567020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Brain development requires appropriate regulation of serotonin (5-HT) signaling from distinct tissue sources across embryogenesis. At the maternal-fetal interface, the placenta is thought to be an important contributor of offspring brain 5-HT and is critical to overall fetal health. Yet, how placental 5-HT is acquired, and the mechanisms through which 5-HT influences placental functions, are not well understood. Recently, our group identified a novel epigenetic role for 5-HT, in which 5-HT can be added to histone proteins to regulate transcription, a process called H3 serotonylation. Here, we show that H3 serotonylation undergoes dynamic regulation during placental development, corresponding to gene expression changes that are known to influence key metabolic processes. Using transgenic mice, we demonstrate that placental H3 serotonylation largely depends on 5-HT uptake by the serotonin transporter (SERT/SLC6A4). SERT deletion robustly reduces enrichment of H3 serotonylation across the placental genome, and disrupts neurodevelopmental gene networks in early embryonic brain tissues. Thus, these findings suggest a novel role for H3 serotonylation in coordinating placental transcription at the intersection of maternal physiology and offspring brain development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Chan
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ashley M Cunningham
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aarthi Ramakrishnan
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ian Maze
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ramírez-Armas RM, Garza-Veloz I, Olivas-Chávez JC, Covarrubias-Carrillo RM, Martínez-Vázquez MC, Monárrez-Espino J, Ayala-Haro AE, Serrano-Amaya CV, Delgado-Enciso I, Rodriguez-Sanchez IP, Martinez-Fierro ML. The S/S Genotype of the 5-HTTLPR (Serotonin-Transporter-Linked Promoter Region) Variant of the SLC6A4 Gene Decreases the Risk of Pre-Eclampsia. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1535. [PMID: 38003850 PMCID: PMC10671924 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13111535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a disorder characterized by hypertension in the second trimester of pregnancy that results from abnormal placentation affecting fetal development and maternal health. Previous studies have shown the role of serotonin (5-HT) that leads to poor placental perfusion, where S/S and S/L polymorphisms promote the solute carrier family 6 member 4 (SLC6A4) gene associated with the risk of developing changes in the microvasculature of the placenta. This study looked at the association between the gene variant 5-HTTLPR (serotonin-transporter-linked promoter region) of the SLC6A4 gene and the occurrence of PE. A total of 200 women were included: 100 cases (pregnant with PE) and 100 controls (pregnant without complications). Genotyping of the 5-HTTLPR variant was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Associations between the presence of the genetic variant of interest and PE and other clinical features were evaluated statistically. The frequencies of S/S, S/L, and L/L genotypes were 32%, 53%, and 15% for the cases and 55%, 25%, and 20% in the control group. Compared to the controls, the genotype frequencies S/S vs. S/L + L/L (recessive model) in the cases group were different (p = 0.002). The S/S genotype decreased the probability of PE (OR = 0.39, 95% IC: 0.22-0.69, p = 0.002) and PE with severity criteria (OR = 0.39, 95% IC: 0.17-0.91, p = 0.045). The 5-HTTLPR gene variant of the SLC6A4 gene modifies the risk of PE development among the studied population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Mónica Ramírez-Armas
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (R.M.R.-A.); (I.G.-V.); (R.M.C.-C.); (M.C.M.-V.); (J.M.-E.); (A.E.A.-H.); (C.V.S.-A.)
| | - Idalia Garza-Veloz
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (R.M.R.-A.); (I.G.-V.); (R.M.C.-C.); (M.C.M.-V.); (J.M.-E.); (A.E.A.-H.); (C.V.S.-A.)
| | | | - Rosa Martha Covarrubias-Carrillo
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (R.M.R.-A.); (I.G.-V.); (R.M.C.-C.); (M.C.M.-V.); (J.M.-E.); (A.E.A.-H.); (C.V.S.-A.)
| | - Maria Calixta Martínez-Vázquez
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (R.M.R.-A.); (I.G.-V.); (R.M.C.-C.); (M.C.M.-V.); (J.M.-E.); (A.E.A.-H.); (C.V.S.-A.)
| | - Joel Monárrez-Espino
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (R.M.R.-A.); (I.G.-V.); (R.M.C.-C.); (M.C.M.-V.); (J.M.-E.); (A.E.A.-H.); (C.V.S.-A.)
- Department of Health Research, Christus Muguerza del Parque Hospital, Chihuahua 31000, Mexico
| | - Anayantzin E. Ayala-Haro
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (R.M.R.-A.); (I.G.-V.); (R.M.C.-C.); (M.C.M.-V.); (J.M.-E.); (A.E.A.-H.); (C.V.S.-A.)
| | - Claudia Vanessa Serrano-Amaya
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (R.M.R.-A.); (I.G.-V.); (R.M.C.-C.); (M.C.M.-V.); (J.M.-E.); (A.E.A.-H.); (C.V.S.-A.)
| | - Ivan Delgado-Enciso
- School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico;
- Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, Mexico
| | - Iram Pablo Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular y Estructural, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico;
| | - Margarita L. Martinez-Fierro
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (R.M.R.-A.); (I.G.-V.); (R.M.C.-C.); (M.C.M.-V.); (J.M.-E.); (A.E.A.-H.); (C.V.S.-A.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Staud F, Pan X, Karahoda R, Dong X, Kastner P, Horackova H, Vachalova V, Markert UR, Abad C. Characterization of a human placental clearance system to regulate serotonin levels in the fetoplacental unit. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2023; 21:74. [PMID: 37612712 PMCID: PMC10464227 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-023-01128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serotonin (5-HT) is a biogenic monoamine with diverse functions in multiple human organs and tissues. During pregnancy, tightly regulated levels of 5-HT in the fetoplacental unit are critical for proper placental functions, fetal development, and programming. Despite being a non-neuronal organ, the placenta expresses a suite of homeostatic proteins, membrane transporters and metabolizing enzymes, to regulate monoamine levels. We hypothesized that placental 5-HT clearance is important for maintaining 5-HT levels in the fetoplacental unit. We therefore investigated placental 5-HT uptake from the umbilical circulation at physiological and supraphysiological levels as well as placental metabolism of 5-HT to 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and 5-HIAA efflux from trophoblast cells. METHODS We employed a systematic approach using advanced organ-, tissue-, and cellular-level models of the human placenta to investigate the transport and metabolism of 5-HT in the fetoplacental unit. Human placentas from uncomplicated term pregnancies were used for perfusion studies, culturing explants, and isolating primary trophoblast cells. RESULTS Using the dually perfused placenta, we observed a high and concentration-dependent placental extraction of 5-HT from the fetal circulation. Subsequently, within the placenta, 5-HT was metabolized to 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), which was then unidirectionally excreted to the maternal circulation. In the explant cultures and primary trophoblast cells, we show concentration- and inhibitor-dependent 5-HT uptake and metabolism and subsequent 5-HIAA release into the media. Droplet digital PCR revealed that the dominant gene in all models was MAO-A, supporting the crucial role of 5-HT metabolism in placental 5-HT clearance. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we present transcriptional and functional evidence that the human placenta has an efficient 5-HT clearance system involving (1) removal of 5-HT from the fetal circulation by OCT3, (2) metabolism to 5-HIAA by MAO-A, and (3) selective 5-HIAA excretion to the maternal circulation via the MRP2 transporter. This synchronized mechanism is critical for regulating 5-HT in the fetoplacental unit; however, it can be compromised by external insults such as antidepressant drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Staud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Xin Pan
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Rona Karahoda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Xiaojing Dong
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Petr Kastner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Horackova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vachalova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Udo R Markert
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Cilia Abad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fricke HP, Hernandez LL. The Serotonergic System and Bone Metabolism During Pregnancy and Lactation and the Implications of SSRI Use on the Maternal-Offspring Dyad. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2023; 28:7. [PMID: 37086330 PMCID: PMC10122632 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-023-09535-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactation is a physiological adaptation of the class Mammalia and is a product of over 200 million years of evolution. During lactation, the mammary gland orchestrates bone metabolism via serotonin signaling in order to provide sufficient calcium for the offspring in milk. The role of serotonin in bone remodeling was first discovered over two decades ago, and the interplay between serotonin, lactation, and bone metabolism has been explored in the years following. It is estimated that postpartum depression affects 10-15% of the population, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are often used as the first-line treatment. Studies conducted in humans, nonhuman primates, sheep, and rodents have provided evidence that there are consequences on both parent and offspring when serotonin signaling is disrupted during the peripartal period; however, the long-term consequences of disruption of serotonin signaling via SSRIs during the peripartal period on the maternal and offspring skeleton are not fully known. This review will focus on the relationship between the mammary gland, serotonin, and bone remodeling during the peripartal period and the skeletal consequences of the dysregulation of the serotonergic system in both human and animal studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah P Fricke
- Animal and Dairy Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Laura L Hernandez
- Animal and Dairy Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kilic F. The nature of the binding between insulin receptor and serotonin transporter in placenta (review). Placenta 2023; 133:40-44. [PMID: 36796293 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between the insulin receptor (IR) and serotonin transporter (SERT) allows reciprocal regulation of each other's physiological roles to ensure appropriate responses to specific environmental and developmental signals. The studies reported herein provided substantial evidence of how insulin signaling influences the modification and trafficking of SERT to the plasma membrane via enabling its association with specific endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins. While insulin signaling is important for the modifications of SERT proteins, the fact that phosphorylation of IR was significantly down-regulated in the placenta of SERT knock out (KO) mice suggests that SERT also regulates IR. Further suggestive of SERT functional regulation of IR, SERT-KO mice developed obesity and glucose intolerance with symptoms similar to those of type 2 diabetes. The picture emerging from those studies proposes that the interplay between IR and SERT maintains conditions supportive of IR phosphorylation and regulates insulin signaling in placenta which ultimately enables the trafficking of SERT to the plasma membrane. IR-SERT association thus appears to play a protective metabolic role in placenta and is impaired under diabetic conditions. This review focuses on recent findings describing the functional and physical associations between IR and SERT in placental cells, and the dysregulation of this process in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fusun Kilic
- Biology Department, Merced College, Merced, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin-Stimulated Interleukin-4-Induced-1 (IL4I1) Promotes Human Decidualization via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043163. [PMID: 36834576 PMCID: PMC9959871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Decidualization is necessary for the successful establishment of early pregnancy in rodents and humans. Disturbed decidualization results in recurrent implantation failure, recurrent spontaneous abortion, and preeclampsia. Tryptophan (Trp), one of the essential amino acids in humans, has a positive effect on mammalian pregnancy. Interleukin 4-induced gene 1 (IL4I1) is a recently identified enzyme that can metabolize L-Trp to activate aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Although IDO1-catalyzed kynurenine (Kyn) from Trp has been shown to enhance human in vitro decidualization via activating AHR, whether IL4I1-catalyzed metabolites of Trp are involved in human decidualization is still unknown. In our study, human chorionic gonadotropin stimulates IL4I1 expression and secretion from human endometrial epithelial cells through ornithine decarboxylase-induced putrescine production. Either IL4I1-catalyzed indole-3-pyruvic acid (I3P) or its metabolite indole-3-aldehyde (I3A) from Trp is able to induce human in vitro decidualization by activating AHR. As a target gene of AHR, Epiregulin induced by I3P and I3A promotes human in vitro decidualization. Our study indicates that IL4I1-catalyzed metabolites from Trp can enhance human in vitro decidualization through AHR-Epiregulin pathway.
Collapse
|
13
|
Bravo K, González-Ortiz M, Beltrán-Castillo S, Cáceres D, Eugenín J. Development of the Placenta and Brain Are Affected by Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Exposure During Critical Periods. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1428:179-198. [PMID: 37466774 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32554-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are usually prescribed to treat major depression and anxiety disorders. Fetal brain development exhibits dependency on serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) from maternal, placental, and fetal brain sources. At very early fetal stages, fetal serotonin is provided by maternal and placental sources. However, in later fetal stages, brain sources are indispensable for the appropriate development of neural circuitry and the rise of emergent functions implied in behavior acquisition. Thus, susceptible serotonin-related critical periods are recognized, involving the early maternal and placental 5-HT synthesis and the later endogenous 5-HT synthesis in the fetal brain. Acute and chronic exposure to SSRIs during these critical periods may result in short- and long-term placental and brain dysfunctions affecting intrauterine and postnatal life. Maternal and fetal cells express serotonin receptors which make them susceptible to changes in serotonin levels influenced by SSRIs. SSRIs block the serotonin transporter (SERT), which is required for 5-HT reuptake from the synaptic cleft into the presynaptic neuron. Chronic SSRI administration leads to pre- and postsynaptic 5-HT receptor rearrangement. In this review, we focus on the effects of SSRIs administered during critical periods upon placentation and brain development to be considered in evaluating the risk-safety balance in the clinical use of SSRIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Bravo
- Laboratorio de Sistemas Neurales, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile USACH, Santiago, Chile.
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Marcelo González-Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Investigación Materno-Fetal (LIMaF), Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Sebastian Beltrán-Castillo
- Centro integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Cáceres
- Laboratorio de Sistemas Neurales, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Eugenín
- Laboratorio de Sistemas Neurales, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile USACH, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Inkster AM, Konwar C, Peñaherrera MS, Brain U, Khan A, Price EM, Schuetz JM, Portales-Casamar É, Burt A, Marsit CJ, Vaillancourt C, Oberlander TF, Robinson WP. Profiling placental DNA methylation associated with maternal SSRI treatment during pregnancy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22576. [PMID: 36585414 PMCID: PMC9803674 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for treatment of prenatal maternal depression have been associated with neonatal neurobehavioral disturbances, though the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In utero exposure to SSRIs may affect DNA methylation (DNAme) in the human placenta, an epigenetic mark that is established during development and is associated with gene expression. Chorionic villus samples from 64 human placentas were profiled with the Illumina MethylationEPIC BeadChip; clinical assessments of maternal mood and SSRI treatment records were collected at multiple time points during pregnancy. Case distribution was 20 SSRI-exposed cases and 44 SSRI non-exposed cases. Maternal depression was defined using a mean maternal Hamilton Depression score > 8 to indicate symptomatic depressed mood ("maternally-depressed"), and we further classified cases into SSRI-exposed, maternally-depressed (n = 14); SSRI-exposed, not maternally-depressed (n = 6); SSRI non-exposed, maternally-depressed (n = 20); and SSRI non-exposed, not maternally-depressed (n = 24). For replication, Illumina 450K DNAme profiles were obtained from 34 additional cases from an independent cohort (n = 17 SSRI-exposed, n = 17 SSRI non-exposed). No CpGs were differentially methylated at FDR < 0.05 comparing SSRI-exposed to non-exposed placentas, in a model adjusted for mean maternal Hamilton Depression score, or in a model restricted to maternally-depressed cases with and without SSRI exposure. However, at a relaxed threshold of FDR < 0.25, five CpGs were differentially methylated (|Δβ| > 0.03) by SSRI exposure status. Four were covered by the replication cohort measured by the 450K array, but none replicated. No CpGs were differentially methylated (FDR < 0.25) comparing maternally depressed to not depressed cases. In sex-stratified analyses for SSRI-exposed versus non-exposed cases (females n = 31; males n = 33), three additional CpGs in females, but none in males, were differentially methylated at the relaxed FDR < 0.25 cut-off. We did not observe large-scale alterations of DNAme in placentas exposed to maternal SSRI treatment, as compared to placentas with no SSRI exposure. We also found no evidence for altered DNAme in maternal depression-exposed versus depression non-exposed placentas. This novel work in a prospectively-recruited cohort with clinician-ascertained SSRI exposure and mood assessments would benefit from future replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Inkster
- grid.414137.40000 0001 0684 7788BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute (BCCHR), 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Chaini Konwar
- grid.414137.40000 0001 0684 7788BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute (BCCHR), 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC V6H 0B3 Canada
| | - Maria S. Peñaherrera
- grid.414137.40000 0001 0684 7788BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute (BCCHR), 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Ursula Brain
- grid.414137.40000 0001 0684 7788BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute (BCCHR), 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada
| | - Almas Khan
- grid.414137.40000 0001 0684 7788BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute (BCCHR), 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - E. Magda Price
- grid.414137.40000 0001 0684 7788BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute (BCCHR), 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 5B2 Canada
| | - Johanna M. Schuetz
- grid.414137.40000 0001 0684 7788BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute (BCCHR), 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Élodie Portales-Casamar
- grid.414137.40000 0001 0684 7788BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute (BCCHR), 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Amber Burt
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Carmen J. Marsit
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- grid.418084.10000 0000 9582 2314INRS-Centre Armand Frappier and Réseau intersectoriel de recherche en santé de l’Université du Québec, Laval, QC H7V 1B7 Canada
| | - Tim F. Oberlander
- grid.414137.40000 0001 0684 7788BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute (BCCHR), 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Wendy P. Robinson
- grid.414137.40000 0001 0684 7788BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute (BCCHR), 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sahlman H, Itkonen A, Lehtonen M, Keski-Nisula L, Rysä J. Altered activities of CYP1A1 and CYP19A1 enzymes in women using SSRI medication during pregnancy. Placenta 2022; 129:30-35. [PMID: 36198245 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly used medication for the treatment of depression during pregnancy. Their use may affect various biological molecules such as enzymes which regulate placental hormonal production and xenobiotic metabolism. Our aim was to investigate the effect of maternal SSRI use on activities of three placental enzymes. METHODS We analyzed activities of xenobiotic metabolism enzymes cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), aromatase (CYP19A1), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) from placental microsomal and cytosolic subcellular fractions. Term placentas were collected from 47 SSRI users and 49 control women participating Kuopio Birth cohort (KuBiCo) during the years 2013-2015. Among SSRI users, escitalopram was the most widely used SSRI medication. RESULTS The mean enzyme activities of all studied enzymes were lower in SSRI users compared to controls. A statistically significant difference was observed in the enzyme activities of CYP19A1 (p = 0.001) and CYP1A1 (p = 0.002) between the study groups after adjusting for use of additional medication, gestational diabetes, sex of the newborn and gestational weeks at delivery. SSRI use had no significant effect on placental GST enzyme activity. DISCUSSION Our results indicate that SSRI medication alters placental enzyme activities. This may lead disturbances in maternal steroid hormone balance as well as in xenobiotic metabolism and may provide risk for both developing fetus and pregnant women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Sahlman
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.
| | - A Itkonen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - M Lehtonen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - L Keski-Nisula
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - J Rysä
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Perić M, Bečeheli I, Čičin-Šain L, Desoye G, Štefulj J. Serotonin system in the human placenta - the knowns and unknowns. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1061317. [PMID: 36531448 PMCID: PMC9751904 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1061317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The biogenic monoamine serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a chemical messenger widely distributed in the brain and various other organs. Its homeostasis is maintained by the coordinated activity of a variety of proteins, including enzymes of serotonin metabolism, transmembrane transporters of serotonin, and serotonin receptors. The serotonin system has been identified also in the placenta in rodent models as a key component of placental physiology. However, serotonin pathways in the human placenta are far from well understood. Their alterations may have long-lasting consequences for the fetus that can manifest later in life. In this review, we summarize information on the location of the components of the serotonin system in the human placenta, their regulation, function, and alterations in pathological pregnancies. We highlight current controversies and discuss important topics for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Perić
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivona Bečeheli
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lipa Čičin-Šain
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jasminka Štefulj
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
- *Correspondence: Jasminka Štefulj,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mao J, Kinkade JA, Bivens NJ, Roberts RM, Rosenfeld CS. Placental Changes in the serotonin transporter (Slc6a4) knockout mouse suggest a role for serotonin in controlling nutrient acquisition. Placenta 2021; 115:158-168. [PMID: 34649169 PMCID: PMC8585720 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mouse placenta accumulates and possibly produces serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) in parietal trophoblast giant cells (pTGC) located at the interface between the placenta and maternal deciduum. However, the roles of 5-HT in placental function are unclear. This lack of information is unfortunate, given that selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors are commonly used to combat depression in pregnant women. The high affinity 5-HT transporter SLC6A4 (also known as SERT) is the target of such drugs and likely controls much of 5-HT uptake into pTGC and other placental cells. We hypothesized that ablation of the Slc6a4 gene would result in morphological changes correlated with placental gene expression changes, especially for those involved in nutrient acquisition and metabolism, and thereby, provide insights into 5-HT placental function. METHODS Placentas were collected at embryonic age (E) 12.5 from Slc6a4 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) conceptuses. Histological analyses, RNAseq, qPCR, and integrative correlation analyses were performed. RESULTS Slc6a4 KO placentas had a considerable increased pTGC to spongiotrophoblast area ratio relative to WT placentas and significantly elevated expression of genes associated with intestinal functions, including nutrient sensing, uptake, and catabolism, and blood clotting. Integrative correlation analyses revealed upregulation of many of these genes was correlated with pTGC layer expansion. One other key gene was dopa decarboxylase (Ddc), which catalyzes conversion of L-5-hydroxytryptophan to 5-HT. DISCUSSION Our studies possibly suggest a new paradigm relating to how 5-HT operates in the placenta, namely as a factor regulating metabolic functions and blood coagulation. We further suggest that pTGC might be functional analogs of enterochromaffin 5-HT-positive cells of the intestinal mucosa, which regulate similar activities within the gut. Further work, including proteomics and metabolomic studies, are needed to buttress our hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiude Mao
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Jessica A Kinkade
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Nathan J Bivens
- Genomics Technology Core, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - R Michael Roberts
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; MU Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mika K, Marinić M, Singh M, Muter J, Brosens JJ, Lynch VJ. Evolutionary transcriptomics implicates new genes and pathways in human pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes. eLife 2021; 10:e69584. [PMID: 34623259 PMCID: PMC8660021 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary changes in the anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive system underlie the origins and diversification of pregnancy in Eutherian ('placental') mammals. This developmental and evolutionary history constrains normal physiological functions and biases the ways in which dysfunction contributes to reproductive trait diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Here, we show that gene expression changes in the human endometrium during pregnancy are associated with the evolution of human-specific traits and pathologies of pregnancy. We found that hundreds of genes gained or lost endometrial expression in the human lineage. Among these are genes that may contribute to human-specific maternal-fetal communication (HTR2B) and maternal-fetal immunotolerance (PDCD1LG2) systems, as well as vascular remodeling and deep placental invasion (CORIN). These data suggest that explicit evolutionary studies of anatomical systems complement traditional methods for characterizing the genetic architecture of disease. We also anticipate our results will advance the emerging synthesis of evolution and medicine ('evolutionary medicine') and be a starting point for more sophisticated studies of the maternal-fetal interface. Furthermore, the gene expression changes we identified may contribute to the development of diagnostics and interventions for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn Mika
- Department of Human Genetics, University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Mirna Marinić
- Department of Human Genetics, University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Manvendra Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Joanne Muter
- Tommy’s National Centre for Miscarriage Research, University Hospitals Coventry & WarwickshireCoventryUnited Kingdom
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwic Medical School, University of WarwickBuffaloUnited States
| | - Jan Joris Brosens
- Tommy’s National Centre for Miscarriage Research, University Hospitals Coventry & WarwickshireCoventryUnited Kingdom
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwic Medical School, University of WarwickBuffaloUnited States
| | - Vincent J Lynch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at BuffaloBuffaloUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sagrillo-Fagundes L, Casagrande Paim T, Pretto L, Bertaco I, Zanatelli C, Vaillancourt C, Wink MR. The implications of the purinergic signaling throughout pregnancy. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:507-522. [PMID: 34596240 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling is a necessary mechanism to trigger or even amplify cell communication. Its ligands, notably adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine, modulate specific membrane-bound receptors in virtually all human cells. Regardless of the stage of the pregnancy, cellular communication between maternal, placental, and fetal cells is the paramount mechanism to sustain its optimal status. In this review, we describe the crucial role of purinergic signaling on the regulation of the maternal-fetal trophic exchanges, immune control, and endocrine exchanges throughout pregnancy. The nature of the modulation of both ATP and adenosine on the embryo-maternal interface, going through placental invasion until birth delivery depends on the general maternal-fetal health state and consequently on the selective activation of their specific receptors. In addition, an increasing number of studies have been demonstrating the pivotal role of ATP and adenosine in modulating deleterious effects of suboptimal conditions of pregnancy. Here, we discuss the role of purinergic signaling on the balance that coordinates the embryo-maternal exchanges and a promising therapeutic venue in the context of pregnancy disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Sagrillo-Fagundes
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde e Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thaís Casagrande Paim
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde e Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luiza Pretto
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde e Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Isadora Bertaco
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde e Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carla Zanatelli
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde e Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, INRS, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Márcia R Wink
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde e Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Thébault-Dagher F, Robles M, Herba CM, St-Pierre J, Brochen C, Muckle G, Lupien SJ, Séguin JR, Fraser WD, Vaillancourt C, Lippé S. Febrile seizure incidence and age at first occurrence are associated with changes in placental normalized gene expression: the '3D' pregnancy cohort study. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e13046. [PMID: 34648210 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Self-reported maternal prenatal stress (MPS) has been associated with earlier febrile seizure (FS) age of onset in offspring. Studies are needed to understand how the biological systems associated with exposure to psychological MPS are linked to seizure disorders in children. The present study aimed to investigate whether placental markers of MPS are linked to FS incidence and age at first occurrence. A subsample of children with FS (n = 28) and matched controls (n = 84), were drawn from the longitudinal 3D pregnancy cohort (N = 2366 mother-child dyads). Expression of placental genes associated with glucocorticoids, serotonin and fetal/placental growth were analysed from placental tissues, compared between groups and associated with age at first FS. Overall placental normalized gene expression was statistically different (p < .001). Children with FS showed overexpression of the serotonin transporter (mean difference = 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.9-1.13), connexin 43 (mean difference = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.30-1.09), zonula occludens-1 (mean difference = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.42-1.26) and underexpression of glucocorticoid receptor β (mean difference = 0.84, 95% CI = -1.49 to 0.19) and serotonin receptor 2B (mean difference = 1.57, 95% CI = -2.35 to 0.78) compared to controls. Increased expression of the serotonin transporter predicted 37.2% in variation of age at first FS. The correlation matrix showed pregnancy-specific anxiety during the second trimester was moderately associated with age at first FS (r = -0.38) but was not a significant predictor in the regression model. Although our current results do not display a significant effect of self-reported MPS on FS, the present study is the first to show that placental gene biomarkers usually known to be associated with MPS display different expressions in children with FS. Specifically, our results suggest that placental genes associated with the glucocorticoid, serotonergic and fetal/placental growth systems may be candidate mechanisms leading to increased vulnerability offspring in FS. Because self-reported MPS was not found as a significant predictor in our statistical models, future studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms causing the observed changes in placental genes and their association with seizure disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Thébault-Dagher
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Morgane Robles
- INRS Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologique Research Center, Laval, QC, Canada
- Réseau intersectoriel de recherche en santé de l'Université du Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine M Herba
- INRS Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologique Research Center, Laval, QC, Canada
- Réseau intersectoriel de recherche en santé de l'Université du Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Psychiatry and Addictology Department, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Joey St-Pierre
- INRS Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologique Research Center, Laval, QC, Canada
- Réseau intersectoriel de recherche en santé de l'Université du Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Celia Brochen
- INRS Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologique Research Center, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Gina Muckle
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Laval, QC, Canada
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia J Lupien
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Psychiatry and Addictology Department, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Center for Studies on Human Stress, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean R Séguin
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Psychiatry and Addictology Department, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - William D Fraser
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- INRS Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologique Research Center, Laval, QC, Canada
- Réseau intersectoriel de recherche en santé de l'Université du Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah Lippé
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Marinello WP, Patisaul HB. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and placental function: Impact on fetal brain development. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 92:347-400. [PMID: 34452690 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a critical time of vulnerability for the development of the fetal brain. Exposure to environmental pollutants at any point in pregnancy can negatively impact many aspects of fetal development, especially the organization and differentiation of the brain. The placenta performs a variety of functions that can help protect the fetus and sustain brain development. However, disruption of any of these functions can have negative impacts on both the pregnancy outcome and fetal neurodevelopment. This review presents current understanding of how environmental exposures, specifically to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), interfere with placental function and, in turn, neurodevelopment. Some of the key differences in placental development between animal models are presented, as well as how placental functions such as serving as a xenobiotic barrier and exchange organ, immune interface, regulator of growth and fetal oxygenation, and a neuroendocrine organ, could be vulnerable to environmental exposure. This review illustrates the importance of the placenta as a modulator of fetal brain development and suggests critical unexplored areas and possible vulnerabilities to environmental exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William P Marinello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Romero-Reyes J, Vázquez-Martínez ER, Bahena-Alvarez D, López-Jiménez J, Molina-Hernández A, Camacho-Arroyo I, Díaz NF. Differential localization of serotoninergic system elements in human amniotic epithelial cells†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:439-448. [PMID: 34057176 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a biogenic amine involved in regulating several functions, including development. However, its impact on human embryo development has been poorly studied. The present work investigated the expression and distribution of the main components of the serotoninergic system in human amniotic tissue and human amniotic epithelial cells (hAEC) in vitro, as an alternative model of early human embryo development. Amniotic membranes from full-term healthy pregnancies were used. Human amnion tissue or hAEC isolated from the amnion was processed for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence analyses of the main components of the serotoninergic system. We found the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase type 1 (TPH1), type 2 (TPH2), serotonin transporter (SERT), monoamine oxidase-A (MAOA), as well as HTR1D and HTR7 receptors at mRNA level in amnion tissue as well in hAEC. Interestingly, we found the presence of 5-HT in the nucleus of the cells in amnion tissue, whereas it was located in the cytoplasm of isolated hAEC. We detected TPH1, TPH2, and HTR1D receptor in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. SERT, MAOA, and HTR7 receptor were only observed in the cytoplasm. The results presented herein show, for the first time, the presence of the serotoninergic system in human amnion in vivo and in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Romero-Reyes
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Edgar Ricardo Vázquez-Martínez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Daniel Bahena-Alvarez
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jessica López-Jiménez
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Anayansi Molina-Hernández
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Néstor Fabián Díaz
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer), Ciudad de México, México
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling decreases levels of O-GlcNAc transferase and increases serotonin release in the human placenta. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:3123-3136. [PMID: 33215629 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Changes in placental function, in particular down-regulation of placental O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) in response to maternal stress and increased placental secretion of serotonin into the fetal circulation following maternal infection, have been mechanistically linked to adverse neurodevelopment in mice. We hypothesized that mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is a key regulator of trophoblast serotonin synthesis and OGT protein expression and that serotonin is secreted by the human placenta into the fetal circulation. Placental homogenates (n=46) from elective terminations at 8-22 weeks of gestation and from healthy-term women were sexed and the protein levels of OGT and enzymes involved in serotonin synthesis was determined. Primary human trophoblast (PHT) cells were isolated from normal term placenta (n=27), cultured and transfected (n=8) with siRNA targeting a scramble sequence (control), raptor (inhibits mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1)), or rictor (inhibits mTOR Complex 2 (mTORC2)). Subsequently, conditioned media and PHT cell lysates were collected. Free serotonin concentration was measured using ELISA in cell culture media and in platelet-depleted normal term umbilical vein and artery plasma (n=38). Both mTORC1 and mTORC2 inhibition down-regulated OGT levels in PHT cells. The level of serotonin synthesis enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH-1) was higher in early gestation female placentas and at term serotonin concentration was three-fold higher in the umbilical vein than in the umbilical artery. Inhibition of mTORC2, but not mTORC1, increased cultured PHT cell serotonin secretion. Our data are consistent with the model that mTOR signaling is a key regulator of trophoblast serotonin synthesis and OGT protein expression.
Collapse
|
24
|
Abad C, Karahoda R, Kastner P, Portillo R, Horackova H, Kucera R, Nachtigal P, Staud F. Profiling of Tryptophan Metabolic Pathways in the Rat Fetoplacental Unit During Gestation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207578. [PMID: 33066440 PMCID: PMC7589826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Placental homeostasis of tryptophan is essential for fetal development and programming. The two main metabolic pathways (serotonin and kynurenine) produce bioactive metabolites with immunosuppressive, neurotoxic, or neuroprotective properties and their concentrations in the fetoplacental unit must be tightly regulated throughout gestation. Here, we investigated the expression/function of key enzymes/transporters involved in tryptophan pathways during mid-to-late gestation in rat placenta and fetal organs. Quantitative PCR and heatmap analysis revealed the differential expression of several genes involved in serotonin and kynurenine pathways. To identify the flux of substrates through these pathways, Droplet Digital PCR, western blot, and functional analyses were carried out for the rate-limiting enzymes and transporters. Our findings show that placental tryptophan metabolism to serotonin is crucial in mid-gestation, with a subsequent switch to fetal serotonin synthesis. Concurrently, at term, the close interplay between transporters and metabolizing enzymes of both placenta and fetal organs orchestrates serotonin homeostasis and prevents hyper/hypo-serotonemia. On the other hand, the placental production of kynurenine increases during pregnancy, with a low contribution of fetal organs throughout gestation. Any external insult to this tightly regulated harmony of transporters and enzymes within the fetoplacental unit may affect optimal in utero conditions and have a negative impact on fetal programming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cilia Abad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (C.A.); (R.K.); (R.P.); (H.H.)
| | - Rona Karahoda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (C.A.); (R.K.); (R.P.); (H.H.)
| | - Petr Kastner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Ramon Portillo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (C.A.); (R.K.); (R.P.); (H.H.)
| | - Hana Horackova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (C.A.); (R.K.); (R.P.); (H.H.)
| | - Radim Kucera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Petr Nachtigal
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Frantisek Staud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (C.A.); (R.K.); (R.P.); (H.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-495-067-407
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Karahoda R, Abad C, Horackova H, Kastner P, Zaugg J, Cerveny L, Kucera R, Albrecht C, Staud F. Dynamics of Tryptophan Metabolic Pathways in Human Placenta and Placental-Derived Cells: Effect of Gestation Age and Trophoblast Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:574034. [PMID: 33072756 PMCID: PMC7530341 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.574034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
L-Tryptophan is an essential amino acid and a precursor of several physiologically active metabolites. In the placenta, the serotonin and kynurenine metabolic pathways of tryptophan metabolism have been identified, giving rise to various molecules of neuroactive or immunoprotective properties, such as serotonin, melatonin, kynurenine, kynurenic acid, or quinolinic acid. Current literature suggests that optimal levels of these molecules in the fetoplacental unit are crucial for proper placenta functions, fetal development and programming. Placenta is a unique endocrine organ that, being equipped with a battery of biotransformation enzymes and transporters, precisely orchestrates homeostasis of tryptophan metabolic pathways. However, because pregnancy is a dynamic process and placental/fetal needs are continuously changing throughout gestation, placenta must adapt to these changes and ensure proper communication in the feto-placental unit. Therefore, in this study we investigated alterations of placental tryptophan metabolic pathways throughout gestation. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of 21 selected genes was carried out in first trimester (n = 13) and term (n = 32) placentas. Heatmap analysis with hierarchical clustering revealed differential gene expression of serotonin and kynurenine pathways across gestation. Subsequently, digital droplet PCR, Western blot, and functional analyses of the rate-limiting enzymes suggest preferential serotonin synthesis early in pregnancy with a switch to kynurenine production toward term. Correspondingly, increased function and/or protein expression of serotonin degrading enzyme and transporters at term indicates efficient placental uptake and metabolic degradation of serotonin. Lastly, gene expression analysis in choriocarcinoma-derived cell lines (BeWo, BeWo b30, JEG-3) revealed dissimilar expression patterns and divergent effect of syncytialization compared to primary trophoblast cells isolated from human term placentas; these findings show that the commonly used in vitro placental models are not suitable to study placental handling of tryptophan. Altogether, our data provide the first comprehensive evidence of changes in placental homeostasis of tryptophan and its metabolites as a function of gestational age, which is critical for proper placental function and fetal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rona Karahoda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Cilia Abad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Hana Horackova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Petr Kastner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Jonas Zaugg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Cerveny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Radim Kucera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Christiane Albrecht
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Frantisek Staud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Karahoda R, Horackova H, Kastner P, Matthios A, Cerveny L, Kucera R, Kacerovsky M, Duintjer Tebbens J, Bonnin A, Abad C, Staud F. Serotonin homeostasis in the materno-foetal interface at term: Role of transporters (SERT/SLC6A4 and OCT3/SLC22A3) and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) in uptake and degradation of serotonin by human and rat term placenta. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 229:e13478. [PMID: 32311818 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Serotonin is crucial for proper foetal development, and the placenta has been described as a 'donor' of serotonin for the embryo/foetus. However, in later stages of gestation the foetus produces its own serotonin from maternally-derived tryptophan and placental supply is no longer needed. We propose a novel model of serotonin homeostasis in the term placenta with special focus on the protective role of organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3/SLC22A3). METHODS Dually perfused rat term placenta was employed to quantify serotonin/tryptophan transport and metabolism. Placental membrane vesicles isolated from human term placenta were used to characterize serotonin transporters on both sides of the syncytiotrophoblast. RESULTS We obtained the first evidence that serotonin is massively taken up from the foetal circulation by OCT3. This uptake is concentration-dependent and inhibitable by OCT3 blockers of endogenous (glucocorticoids) or exogenous (pharmaceuticals) origin. Population analyses in rat placenta revealed that foetal sex influences placental extraction of serotonin from foetal circulation. Negligible foetal serotonin levels were detected in maternal-to-foetal serotonin/tryptophan transport and metabolic studies. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that OCT3, localized on the foetus-facing membrane of syncytiotrophoblast, is an essential component of foeto-placental homeostasis of serotonin. Together with serotonin degrading enzyme, monoamine oxidase-A, this offers a protective mechanism against local vasoconstriction effects of serotonin in the placenta. However, this system may be compromised by OCT3 inhibitory molecules, such as glucocorticoids or antidepressants. Our findings open new avenues to explore previously unsuspected/unexplained complications during pregnancy including prenatal glucocorticoid excess and pharmacotherapeutic risks of treating pregnant women with OCT3 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rona Karahoda
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Hana Horackova
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kastner
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Andreas Matthios
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Cerveny
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Radim Kucera
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Marian Kacerovsky
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics University Hospital in Hradec Kralove Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Jurjen Duintjer Tebbens
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Alexandre Bonnin
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Cilia Abad
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Staud
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Meng Y, Xiong T, Zhao R, Liu J, Yu G, Xiao J, Wang K, Wu T, Fu W, Guo H, Huang J, Wei S. Genome-wide association study identifies TPH2 variant as a novel locus for severe CV-A6-associated hand, foot, and mouth disease in Han Chinese. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 98:268-274. [PMID: 32634583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the association between genetic susceptibility and the severity of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) infected with coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6). METHODS Three hundred and sixty-four CV-A6 HFMD patients were enrolled, including 115 severe and 249 mild patients. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed involving eight DNA pools of 115 severe and 115 mild CV-A6 HFMD patients pair-matched by age and gender. Differences in relative allele signal scores of SNPs in Illumina Human OmniZhongHua-8 BeadChips were compared between the two groups. The tag SNPS for potentially functional SNPs or their high linked SNPs were selected for individual genotyping in all 364 patients and assessed for their associations with severe CV-A6 HFMD using multivariable logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The top 30 significant SNPs obtained from pooled DNA GWAS analysis were checked for biological functions and their high linkage disequilibrium (LD) SNPs. Four tag SNPs (rs1558206, rs6927647, rs9375728 and rs10879355) were selected for further individual genotyping in 364 CV-A6 patients. Only SNP rs10879355 was associated with severe CV-A6 HFMD, with CC genotype having a greater risk of severe illness than TT+TC genotypes (OR=2.48, 95%CI: 1.34, 4.56). SNP rs4290270 is in complete LD with rs10879355 in Chinese Han children. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report that one potentially functional SNP rs4290270 in the TPH2 gene may be associated with the risk of severe CV-A6 HFMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Meng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tiantian Xiong
- Baoan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rongxian Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Liu
- People's Hospital of Baoan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guangqing Yu
- Baoan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinrong Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Taishun Wu
- Baoan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenshan Fu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Sheng Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chen HJ, Antonson AM, Rajasekera TA, Patterson JM, Bailey MT, Gur TL. Prenatal stress causes intrauterine inflammation and serotonergic dysfunction, and long-term behavioral deficits through microbe- and CCL2-dependent mechanisms. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:191. [PMID: 32546752 PMCID: PMC7297973 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00876-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal stress (PNS) is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders in offspring, including anxiety, depression, and autism spectrum disorders. There is mounting evidence that these behavioral phenotypes have origins in utero. Maternal microbes, inflammation, and serotonergic dysfunction have been implicated as potential mediators of the behavioral consequences of PNS; whether and how these systems interact is unclear. Here, we examine the effects of PNS in utero using late-gestation maternal restraint stress in wild-type (WT), germ-free (GF), and CCL2-/- genetic knock-out (KO) mice. In WT mice, PNS leads to placental and fetal brain inflammation, including an elevation in the chemokine CCL2. This inflammation is largely absent in GF mice, indicating the critical role of maternal microbes in mediating immune processes in utero. Furthermore, PNS in the absence of CCL2 failed to increase pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in the fetal brain. PNS offspring also exhibited deficits in sociability and anxiety-like behavior that were absent in CCL2-/- PNS offspring. Tryptophan and serotonin (5-HT) were elevated in the WT PNS placenta, but not in CCL2-/- and GF animals. Altogether, these findings suggest that a complex interaction between maternal microbes, inflammation, and serotonin metabolism regulates the emergence of behavioral abnormalities following PNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen J. Chen
- grid.412332.50000 0001 1545 0811Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA ,grid.412332.50000 0001 1545 0811Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA ,grid.412332.50000 0001 1545 0811Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Adrienne M. Antonson
- grid.412332.50000 0001 1545 0811Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA ,grid.412332.50000 0001 1545 0811Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA ,grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Therese A. Rajasekera
- grid.412332.50000 0001 1545 0811Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA ,grid.412332.50000 0001 1545 0811Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA ,grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Environmental Health Sciences Division, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Jenna M. Patterson
- grid.412332.50000 0001 1545 0811Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA ,grid.412332.50000 0001 1545 0811Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Michael T. Bailey
- grid.412332.50000 0001 1545 0811Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA ,grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA ,grid.240344.50000 0004 0392 3476Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH USA ,grid.412332.50000 0001 1545 0811Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Tamar L. Gur
- grid.412332.50000 0001 1545 0811Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA ,grid.412332.50000 0001 1545 0811Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA ,grid.412332.50000 0001 1545 0811Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA ,grid.412332.50000 0001 1545 0811Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rosenfeld CS. The placenta-brain-axis. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:271-283. [PMID: 32108381 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
All mammalian species depend on the placenta, a transient organ, for exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste between the mother and conceptus. Besides serving as a conduit for such exchanges, the placenta produces hormones and other factors that influence maternal physiology and fetal development. To meet all of these adaptations, the placenta has evolved to become the most structurally diverse organ within all mammalian taxa. However, commonalities exist as to how placental responses promote survival against in utero threats and can alter the trajectory of fetal development, in particular the brain. Increasing evidence suggests that reactions of the placenta to various in utero stressors may lead to long-standing health outcomes, otherwise considered developmental origin of health and disease effects. Besides transferring nutrients and gases, the placenta produces neurotransmitters, including serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine/epinephrine, that may circulate and influence brain development. Neurobehavioral disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, likely trace their origins back to placental disturbances. This intimate relationship between the placenta and brain has led to coinage of the term, the placenta-brain-axis. This axis will be the focus herein, including how conceptus sex might influence it, and technologies employed to parse out the effects of placental-specific transcript expression changes on later neurobehavioral disorders. Ultimately, the placenta might provide a historical record of in utero threats the fetus confronted and a roadmap to understand how placenta responses to such encounters impacts the placental-brain-axis. Improved early diagnostic and preventative approaches may thereby be designed to mitigate such placental disruptions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,MU Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hitzerd E, Broekhuizen M, Neuman RI, Colafella KMM, Merkus D, Schoenmakers S, Simons SHP, Reiss IKM, Danser AHJ. Human Placental Vascular Reactivity in Health and Disease: Implications for the Treatment of Pre-eclampsia. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:505-527. [PMID: 30950346 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190405145228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adequate development of the placenta is essential for optimal pregnancy outcome. Pre-eclampsia (PE) is increasingly recognized to be a consequence of placental dysfunction and can cause serious maternal and fetal complications during pregnancy. Furthermore, PE increases the risk of neonatal problems and has been shown to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease of the mother later in life. Currently, there is no adequate treatment for PE, mainly because its multifactorial pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. It originates in early pregnancy with abnormal placentation and involves a cascade of dysregulated systems in the placental vasculature. To investigate therapeutic strategies it is essential to understand the regulation of vascular reactivity and remodeling of blood vessels in the placenta. Techniques using human tissue such as the ex vivo placental perfusion model provide insight in the vasoactive profile of the placenta, and are essential to study the effects of drugs on the fetal vasculature. This approach highlights the different pathways that are involved in the vascular regulation of the human placenta, changes that occur during PE and the importance of focusing on restoring these dysfunctional systems when studying treatment strategies for PE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Hitzerd
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michelle Broekhuizen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology; Division of Experimental Cardiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rugina I Neuman
- Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Katrina M Mirabito Colafella
- Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daphne Merkus
- Department of Cardiology; Division of Experimental Cardiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sam Schoenmakers
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sinno H P Simons
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Irwin K M Reiss
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hudon Thibeault AA, López de Los Santos Y, Doucet N, Sanderson JT, Vaillancourt C. Serotonin and serotonin reuptake inhibitors alter placental aromatase. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 195:105470. [PMID: 31509772 PMCID: PMC7939054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) are currently the main molecules prescribed to pregnant women that suffer from depression. Placental cells are exposed to SRIs via maternal blood, and we have previously shown that SRIs alter feto-placental steroidogenesis in an in vitro co-culture model. More specifically, serotonin (5-HT) regulates the estrogen biosynthetic enzyme aromatase (cytochrome P450 19; CYP19), which is disrupted by fluoxetine and its active metabolite norfluoxetine in BeWo choriocarcinoma cells. Based on molecular simulations, the present study illustrates that the SRIs fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram and venlafaxine exhibit binding affinity for the active-site pocket of CYP19, suggesting potential competitive inhibition. Using BeWo cells and primary villous trophoblast cells isolated from normal term placentas, we compared the effects of the SRIs on CYP19 activity. We observed that paroxetine and sertraline induce aromatase activity in BeWo cells, while venlafaxine, fluoxetine, paroxetine and sertraline decrease aromatase activity in primary villous trophoblast. The effects of paroxetine and sertraline in primary villous trophoblasts were observed at the lower doses tested. We also showed that 5-HT and the 5-HT2A receptor agonist 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI) induced CYP19 activity. An increase in phosphorylation of serine and tyrosine and a decrease in threonine phosphorylation of CYP19 was also associated with DOI treatment. Our results contribute to better understanding how 5-HT and SRIs interact with CYP19 and may affect estrogen production. Moreover, this study suggests that alteration of placental 5-HT levels due to depression and/or SRI treatment during pregnancy may be associated with disruption of placental estrogen production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrée-Anne Hudon Thibeault
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS) - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531, boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment (CINBIOSE), Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Yossef López de Los Santos
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS) - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531, boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.
| | - Nicolas Doucet
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS) - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531, boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada; PROTEO, the Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - J Thomas Sanderson
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS) - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531, boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS) - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531, boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment (CINBIOSE), Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ranzil S, Ellery S, Walker DW, Vaillancourt C, Alfaidy N, Bonnin A, Borg A, Wallace EM, Ebeling PR, Erwich JJ, Murthi P. Disrupted placental serotonin synthetic pathway and increased placental serotonin: Potential implications in the pathogenesis of human fetal growth restriction. Placenta 2019; 84:74-83. [PMID: 31176514 PMCID: PMC6724713 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Placental insufficiency contributes to altered maternal-fetal amino acid transfer, and thereby to poor fetal growth. An important placental function is the uptake of tryptophan and its metabolism to serotonin (5-HT) and kynurenine metabolites, which are essential for fetal development. We hypothesised that placental 5-HT content will be increased in pregnancies affected with fetal growth restriction (FGR). METHODS The components of the 5-HT synthetic pathway were determined in chorionic villus samples (CVS) from small-for gestation (SGA) and matched control collected at 10-12 weeks of human pregnancy; and in placentae from third trimester FGR and gestation-matched control pregnancies using the Fluidigm Biomarker array for mRNA expression, the activity of the enzyme TPH and 5-HT concentrations using an ELISA. RESULTS Gene expression for the rate limiting enzymes, TPH1 and TPH2; 5-HT transporter, SLC6A4; and 5-HT receptors HTR5A, HTR5B, HTR1D and HTR1E were detected in all CVS and third trimester placentae. No significant difference in mRNA was observed in SGA compared with control. Although there was no significant change in TPH1 mRNA, the mRNA of TPH2 and SLC6A4 was significantly decreased in FGR placentae (p < 0.05), while 5-HT receptor mRNA was significantly increased in FGR compared with control (p < 0.01). Placental TPH enzyme activity was significantly increased with a concomitant increase in the total placental 5-HT concentrations in FGR compared with control. CONCLUSION This study reports differential expression and activity of the key components of the 5-HT synthetic pathway associated with the pathogenesis of FGR. Further studies are required to elucidate the functional consequences of increased placental 5-HT in FGR pregnancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suveena Ranzil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stacey Ellery
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W Walker
- Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University - Bundoora Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada; BioMed Research Centre, Laval, QC, Canada Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment, Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nadia Alfaidy
- Institut National de la Santé, et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité, 1036, Grenoble, France; Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), iRTSV- Biology of Cancer and infection, Grenoble, France
| | - Alexander Bonnin
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, USA
| | - Anthony Borg
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Euan M Wallace
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jan Jaap Erwich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Padma Murthi
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hudon Thibeault AA, Sanderson JT, Vaillancourt C. Serotonin-estrogen interactions: What can we learn from pregnancy? Biochimie 2019; 161:88-108. [PMID: 30946949 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have reviewed the scientific literature related to four diseases in which to serotonin (5-HT) is involved in the etiology, herein named 5-HT-linked diseases, and whose prevalence is influenced by estrogenic status: depression, migraine, irritable bowel syndrome and eating disorders. These diseases all have in common a sex-dimorphic prevalence, with women more frequently affected than men. The co-occurrence between these 5-HT-linked diseases suggests that they have common physiopathological mechanisms. In most 5-HT-linked diseases (except for anorexia nervosa and irritable bowel syndrome), a decrease in the serotonergic tone is observed and estrogens are thought to contribute to the improvement of symptoms by stimulating the serotonergic system. Human pregnancy is characterized by a unique 5-HT and estrogen synthesis by the placenta. Pregnancy-specific disorders, such as hyperemesis gravidarum, gestational diabetes mellitus and pre-eclampsia, are associated with a hyperserotonergic state and decreased estrogen levels. Fetal programming of 5-HT-linked diseases is a complex phenomenon that involves notably fetal-sex differences, which suggest the implication of sex steroids. From a mechanistic point of view, we hypothesize that estrogens regulate the serotonergic system, resulting in a protective effect against 5-HT-linked diseases, but that, in turn, 5-HT affects estrogen synthesis in an attempt to retrieve homeostasis. These two processes (5-HT and estrogen biosynthesis) are crucial for successful pregnancy outcomes, and thus, a disruption of this 5-HT-estrogen relationship may explain pregnancy-specific pathologies or pregnancy complications associated with 5-HT-linked diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrée-Anne Hudon Thibeault
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531, boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment (Cinbiose), Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P.8888, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - J Thomas Sanderson
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531, boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531, boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment (Cinbiose), Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P.8888, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Murthi P, Vaillancourt C. RETRACTED: Placental serotonin systems in pregnancy metabolic complications associated with maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165391. [PMID: 30738809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal).
The publication was retracted by request of the authors following an investigation by Monash University performed following its Procedures for Investigating Code Breaches and in accordance with the Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research.
The University concluded on the balance of probability that a significant part of the text in the paper was included without knowledge, without consent and without correct attribution of the original author who, at the time, was a student at the University. The results discussed in the review article are still scientifically valid.
☆
This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Transporters and Receptors in Pregnancy Metabolic Complications edited by Luis Sobrevia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Padma Murthi
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, The Ritchie Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec and Biomed Research Center, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Serotonin, hematopoiesis and stem cells. Pharmacol Res 2019; 140:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
36
|
Ranzil S, Walker DW, Borg AJ, Wallace EM, Ebeling PR, Murthi P. The relationship between the placental serotonin pathway and fetal growth restriction. Biochimie 2018; 161:80-87. [PMID: 30605696 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a complex disorder of human pregnancy that leads to poor health outcomes in offspring. These range from immediate risks such as perinatal morbidity and stillbirths, to long-term complications including severe neurodevelopmental problems. Despite its relatively high global prevalence, the aetiology of FGR and its complications is not currently well understood. We now know that serotonin (5-HT) is synthesised in the placenta and is crucial for early fetal forebrain development in mice. However, the contribution of a disrupted placental 5-HT synthetic pathway to the pathophysiology of placental insufficiency in FGR and its significant fetal neurodevelopmental complications are unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suveena Ranzil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Australia; The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Anthony J Borg
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Euan M Wallace
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Australia; The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Padma Murthi
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Clabault H, Cohen M, Vaillancourt C, Sanderson JT. Effects of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in JEG-3 and HIPEC cell models of the extravillous trophoblast. Placenta 2018; 72-73:62-73. [PMID: 30501883 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Between 2 and 10% of pregnant women are treated with selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for depression. The extravillous trophoblasts (evTBs), which migrate and invade maternal tissues, are crucial for embryo implantation and remodeling of maternal spiral arteries. Poor migration/invasion of evTBs can cause serious pregnancy complications, yet the effects of SSRIs on these processes has never been studied. To determine the effects of five SSRIs (fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, citalopram, sertraline and venlafaxine) on migration/invasion, we used JEG-3 and HIPEC cells as evTB models. METHODS Cells were treated with increasing concentrations (0.03-10 μM) of SSRIs. Cell proliferation was monitored using an impedance-based system and cell cycle by flow cytometry. Migration was determined using a scratch test, and metalloproteinase (MMP) activities, by zymography. Invasion markers were determined by RT-qPCR. RESULTS Fluoxetine and sertraline (10 μM) significantly decreased cell proliferation by 94% and by 100%, respectively, in JEG-3 cells, and by 58.6% and 100%, respectively, in HIPEC cells. Norfluoxetine increased MMP-9 activity in JEG-3 cells by 2.0% at 0.03 μM and by 43.9% at 3 μM, but decreased MMP-9 activity in HIPEC cells by 63.7% at 3 μM. Sertraline at 0.03 μM increased mRNA level of TIMP-1 in JEG-3 cells by 36% and that of ADAM-10 by 85% and 115% at 0.3 and 3 μM, respectively. In HIPEC cells, venlafaxine at 0.03 and 0.3 μM, increased ADAM-10 mRNA levels by 156% and 167%, respectively. DISCUSSION This study shows that SSRIs may affect evTBs homeostasis at therapeutic levels and provides guidance for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Clabault
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada; BioMed Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment (CINBIOSE), Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Marie Cohen
- Department of Gynecology Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Genève, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada; BioMed Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment (CINBIOSE), Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - J Thomas Sanderson
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Napso T, Yong HEJ, Lopez-Tello J, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. The Role of Placental Hormones in Mediating Maternal Adaptations to Support Pregnancy and Lactation. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1091. [PMID: 30174608 PMCID: PMC6108594 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, the mother must adapt her body systems to support nutrient and oxygen supply for growth of the baby in utero and during the subsequent lactation. These include changes in the cardiovascular, pulmonary, immune and metabolic systems of the mother. Failure to appropriately adjust maternal physiology to the pregnant state may result in pregnancy complications, including gestational diabetes and abnormal birth weight, which can further lead to a range of medically significant complications for the mother and baby. The placenta, which forms the functional interface separating the maternal and fetal circulations, is important for mediating adaptations in maternal physiology. It secretes a plethora of hormones into the maternal circulation which modulate her physiology and transfers the oxygen and nutrients available to the fetus for growth. Among these placental hormones, the prolactin-growth hormone family, steroids and neuropeptides play critical roles in driving maternal physiological adaptations during pregnancy. This review examines the changes that occur in maternal physiology in response to pregnancy and the significance of placental hormone production in mediating such changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Napso
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah E J Yong
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Lopez-Tello
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Clabault H, Flipo D, Guibourdenche J, Fournier T, Sanderson JT, Vaillancourt C. Effects of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on human villous trophoblasts syncytialization. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 349:8-20. [PMID: 29679653 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most commonly prescribed antidepressants during pregnancy. The human placenta is a highly specialized organ supporting normal growth and development of the fetus. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effects of SSRIs on villous cytotrophoblasts cells, using BeWo cells and human placental trophoblast cells in primary culture. The SSRIs fluoxetine and its metabolite norfluoxetine, sertraline and venlafaxine did not affect BeWo cell proliferation and viability, nor the percentage of M30-positive (apoptotic) primary trophoblast cells. None of the SSRIs affected basal or forskolin-stimulated BeWo cell fusion, whereas sertraline and venlafaxine increased the fusion of primary villous trophoblasts. Sertraline and venlafaxine also modified human chorionic gonadotropin beta (β-hCG) secretion by BeWo cells, whereas none of the SSRIs affected β-hCG secretion in primary trophoblasts. Norfluoxetine increased CGB (chorionic gonadotropin beta) and GJA1 (gap junction protein alpha 1) levels of gene expression (biomarkers of syncytialization) in BeWo cells, whereas in primary trophoblasts none of the SSRIs tested affected the expression of these genes. This study shows that SSRIs affect villous trophoblast syncytialization in a structure- and concentration-dependent manner and suggests that certain SSRIs may compromise placental health. In addition, it highlights the importance of using primary trophoblast cells instead of "trophoblast -like" cell lines to assess the effects of medications on human villous trophoblast function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Clabault
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 blvd des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada; BioMed Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Denis Flipo
- BioMed Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Jean Guibourdenche
- INSERM, UMR-S1139, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75006, France; Service d'hormonologie Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, Paris F-75014, France.
| | - Thierry Fournier
- INSERM, UMR-S1139, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75006, France; Fondation PremUp, Paris F-75006, France.
| | - J Thomas Sanderson
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 blvd des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 blvd des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada; BioMed Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kliman HJ, Quaratella SB, Setaro AC, Siegman EC, Subha ZT, Tal R, Milano KM, Steck TL. Pathway of Maternal Serotonin to the Human Embryo and Fetus. Endocrinology 2018; 159:1609-1629. [PMID: 29381782 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-03025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] is essential to intrauterine development, but its source is debated. We used immunocytochemistry to gauge 5-HT, its biosynthetic enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1); an importer (serotonin transporter, 5-HTT/SERT/SLC6A); other transporters [P-glycoprotein 1 (P-gp/ABCB1), OCT3/SLC22A3, and gap junction connexin-43]; and the 5-HT degradative enzyme monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) in sections of placentas. In humans, 5-HT was faintly stained only in first-trimester trophoblasts, whereas TPH1 was not seen at any stage. SERT was expressed in syncytiotrophoblasts and, more strongly, in cytotrophoblasts. MAOA was prominent in syncytiotrophoblasts, OCT3 and gap junctions were stained in cytotrophoblasts, and P-gp was present at the apical surfaces of both epithelia. 5-HT added to cultured placental explants accumulated in the trophoblast epithelium and reached the villus core vessels. Trophoblast uptake was blocked by the SERT inhibitor escitalopram. Inhibition of gap junctions with heptanol prevented the accumulation of 5-HT in cytotrophoblasts, whereas blocking OCT3 with decynium-22 and P-gp with mitotane led to its accumulation in cytotrophoblasts. Reducing 5-HT destruction by inhibiting MAOA with clorgyline increased the accumulation of 5-HT throughout the villus. In the mouse fetus, intravascular platelets stained prominently for 5-HT at day 13.5, whereas the placenta and yolk sac endoderm were both negative. TPH1 was not detected, but SERT was prominent in these mouse tissues. We conclude that serotonin is conveyed from the maternal blood stream through syncytiotrophoblasts, cytotrophoblasts and the villus core to the fetus through a physiological pathway that involves at least SERT, gap junctions, P-gp, OCT3, and MAOA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harvey J Kliman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | | | | | | | - Reshef Tal
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kristin M Milano
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Theodore L Steck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Pawluski JL, Gemmel M. Perinatal SSRI medications and offspring hippocampal plasticity: interaction with maternal stress and sex. Hormones (Athens) 2018; 17:15-24. [PMID: 29858853 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-018-0011-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There is growing use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant (SSRI) medications during the perinatal period to treat maternal affective disorders. Perinatal SSRI exposure can have a long-term impact on offspring neuroplasticity and behavioral development that remains to be fully elucidated. This mini-review will summarize what is known about the effects of perinatal SSRIs on plasticity in the developing hippocampus, taking into account the role that maternal stress and depression may have. Emerging clinical findings and research in animal models will be discussed. In addition, sexually differentiated effects will be highlighted, as recent work shows that male offspring are often more sensitive to the effects of maternal stress, whereas female offspring can be more sensitive to perinatal SSRIs. Potential mechanisms behind these changes and aims for future research will also be discussed. Understanding the impact of perinatal SSRIs on neuroplasticity will provide better insight into the long-term effects of such medications on the health and well-being of both mother and child and may improve therapeutic approaches for maternal mood disorders during the perinatal period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jodi L Pawluski
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Mary Gemmel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|