1
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Wang Y, Ye Z, Han T, Du Y, Xue J. Transient spectroscopic insights into nitroindole's T 1 state: Elucidating its intermediates and unique photochemical properties. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 319:124555. [PMID: 38823242 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Indoles are notable for their distinct photophysical and photochemical properties, making them useful indicators in biological systems and promising candidates for a variety of pharmaceutical applications. While some indoles exhibit room temperature phosphorescence, such a phenomenon has not been observed in nitroindoles. Typically, adding of a nitro group into aromatic compounds promotes ultrafast intersystem crossing and increases the formation quantum yield of the lowest excited triplet (T1). Therefore, understanding the reactivity of nitroindoles' T1 states is imperative. This study investigated the physical properties and chemical reactivities of the T1 state of 6-nitroindole (3HN-6NO2) in both polar aprotic and protic solvents, using transient absorption spectroscopy. Our results demonstrate the basicity and acidity of 3HN-6NO2, emphasizing its potential for protonation and dissociation in mildly acidic and basic conditions, respectively. Furthermore, 3HN-6NO2 has a high oxidizing capacity, participating in electron transfer reactions and proton-coupled electron transfer to produce radicals. Interestingly, in protic solvents like alcohols, 3HN-6NO2 dissociates at the -NH group and forms N-H…O hydrogen-bonded complexes with the nitro group. By identifying transient absorption spectra of intermediates and quantifying kinetic reaction rate constants, we illuminate the unique properties of the T1 state nitroindoles, enriching our understanding of their photophysical and photochemical behaviors. The results of this study have significant implications for their potential application in both biological systems and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhao Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ting Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yong Du
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jiadan Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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2
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Nguyen NTH, Tran GT, Nguyen TTT, Nguyen DTC, Tran TV. Synthesis of MnFe 2O 4/activated carbon derived from durian shell waste for removal of indole in water: Optimization, modelling, and mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 254:118883. [PMID: 38583658 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
While durian shell is often discharged into landfills, this waste can be a potential and zero-cost raw material to synthesize carbon-based adsorbents with purposes of saving costs and minimizing environmental contamination. Indole (IDO) is one of serious organic pollutants that influence aquatic species and human health; hence, the necessity for IDO removal is worth considering. Here, we synthesized a magnetic composite, denoted as MFOAC, based on activated carbon (AC) derived from durian shell waste incorporated with MnFe2O4 (MFO) to adsorb IDO in water. MFOAC showed a microporous structure, along with a high surface area and pore volume, at 518.9 m2/g, and 0.106 cm3/g, respectively. Optimization of factors affecting the IDO removal of MFOAC were implemented by Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology. Adsorption kinetics and isotherms suggested a suitable model for MFOAC to remove IDO. MFOAC was recyclable with 3 cycles. Main interactions involving in the IDO adsorption mechanism onto MFOAC were clarified, including pore filling, n-π interaction, π-π interaction, Yoshida H-bonding, H-bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhu Thi Huynh Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam; Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Giang Thanh Tran
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam; Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | | | - Duyen Thi Cam Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam.
| | - Thuan Van Tran
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam.
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3
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Palomba M, Angeli A, Galdini R, Hughineata AJ, Perin G, Lenardão EJ, Marini F, Santi C, Supuran CT, Bagnoli L. Iodine/Oxone® oxidative system for the synthesis of selenylindoles bearing a benzenesulfonamide moiety as carbonic anhydrase I, II, IX, and XII inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 39072494 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00826j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
A wide range of 3-selenylindoles were synthesized via an eco-friendly approach that uses Oxone® as the oxidant in the presence of a catalytic amount of iodine. This mild and economical protocol showed broad functional group tolerance and operational simplicity. A series of novel selenylindoles bearing a benzenesulfonamide moiety were also synthesized and evaluated as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors of the human (h) isoforms hCa I, II, IX, and XII, which are involved in pathologies such as glaucoma and cancer. Several derivatives showed excellent inhibitory activity towards these isoforms in the nanomolar range, lower than that shown by acetazolamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Palomba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Group of Catalysis, Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry), University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1-06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Andrea Angeli
- University of Florence, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Galdini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Group of Catalysis, Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry), University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1-06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Alexandra Joana Hughineata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Group of Catalysis, Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry), University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1-06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Gelson Perin
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa (LASOL), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box 354, CEP: 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder João Lenardão
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa (LASOL), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box 354, CEP: 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Francesca Marini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Group of Catalysis, Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry), University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1-06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Claudio Santi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Group of Catalysis, Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry), University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1-06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- University of Florence, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Luana Bagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Group of Catalysis, Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry), University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1-06123 Perugia, Italy.
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4
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Subramaniam SV, Singh B, Pradeep N, Peruncheralathan S. PIFA-mediated intramolecular N-arylation of 2-aminoquinoxalines to afford indolo[2,3- b]quinoxaline derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5803-5808. [PMID: 38946202 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00812j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
We present the PIFA-mediated intramolecular N-arylation of 2-aminoquinoxalines at room temperature for the first time. This method provides a wide range of indolo[2,3-b]quinoxalines in good to excellent yields within a short time. The C-H bond functionalization occurs without the need for an inert atmosphere or additives. Additionally, a double C-H bond functionalization was observed, where the first reaction forms a C-N bond (N-arylation) and the second forms a C-O bond, yielding an acetal-functionalized product. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the C-H bond functionalization proceeds through an ionic mechanism, whereas acetal functionalization follows a radical pathway. This method extends to the derivation of indoloquinoxalines, including the target compound BIQMCz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashini V Subramaniam
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, an OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Khurda - 752050, India.
| | - Badal Singh
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, an OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Khurda - 752050, India.
| | - Natarajan Pradeep
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, an OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Khurda - 752050, India.
| | - Saravanan Peruncheralathan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, an OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Khurda - 752050, India.
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5
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Chauhan R, Navale GR, Saini S, Panwar A, Kukreti P, Saini R, Roy P, Ghosh K. Modulating the aggregation of human prion protein PrP 106-126 by an indole-based cyclometallated palladium complex. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:11995-12006. [PMID: 38963284 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00704b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The spontaneous aggregation of infectious or misfolded forms of prion protein is known to be responsible for neurotoxicity in brain cells, which ultimately leads to the progression of prion disorders. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in animals and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans are glaring examples in this regard. Square-planar complexes with labile ligands and indole-based compounds are found to be efficiently inhibitory against protein aggregation. Herein, we report the synthesis of an indole-based cyclometallated palladium complex. The ligand and complex were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques such as UV-visible, NMR, IR, and HRMS. The molecular structure of the complex was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The interaction of the complex with PrP106-126 was studied using UV-visible spectroscopy, CD spectroscopy, MALDI-TOF MS, and molecular docking. The inhibition effects of the complex on the PrP106-126 aggregation, fibrillization and amyloid formation phenomena were analysed through the ThT assay, CD, TEM and AFM. The effect of the complex on the aggregation process of PrP106-126 was determined kinetically through the ThT assay. The complex presented high binding affinity with the peptide and influenced the peptide's conformation and aggregation in different modes of binding. Furthermore, the MTT assay on neuronal HT-22 cells showed considerable protective properties of the complex against PrP106-126-mediated cytotoxicity. These findings suggest that the compound influences peptide aggregation in different ways, and the anti-aggregation action is primarily associated with the metal's physicochemical properties and the reactivity rather than the ligand. As a result, we propose that this compound be investigated as a potential therapeutic molecule in metallopharmaceutical research to treat prion disease (PD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Govinda R Navale
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Saakshi Saini
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Abhishek Panwar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Manipur, Langol 795004, India
| | - Prashant Kukreti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Rajat Saini
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kaushik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
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6
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Corvino A, Caliendo G, Fiorino F, Frecentese F, Valsecchi V, Lombardi G, Anzilotti S, Andreozzi G, Scognamiglio A, Sparaco R, Perissutti E, Severino B, Gargiulo M, Santagada V, Pignataro G. Newly Synthesized Indolylacetic Derivatives Reduce Tumor Necrosis Factor-Mediated Neuroinflammation and Prolong Survival in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Mice. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1996-2005. [PMID: 39022351 PMCID: PMC11249635 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The debilitating neurodegenerative disease known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons (MNs) in the brain, spinal cord, and motor cortex. The ALS neuroinflammatory component is being characterized and includes the overexpression of mediators, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Currently, there are no effective treatments for ALS. Indeed, riluzole, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor blocker, and edaravone, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, are currently the sole two medications approved for ALS treatment. However, their efficacy in extending life expectancy typically amounts to only a few months. In order to improve the medicaments for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, preferably ALS, novel substituted 2-methyl-3-indolylacetic derivatives (compounds II-IV) were developed by combining the essential parts of two small molecules, namely, the opioids containing a 4-piperidinyl ring with indomethacin, previously shown to be efficacious in different experimental models of neuroinflammation. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their potential capability of slowing down neurodegeneration associated with ALS progression in preclinical models of the disease in vitro and in vivo. Notably, we produced data to demonstrate that the treatment with the newly synthesized compound III: (1) prevented the upregulation of TNF-α observed in BV-2 microglial cells exposed to the toxin lipopolysaccharides (LPS), (2) preserved SHSY-5Y cell survival exposed to β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (L-BMAA) neurotoxin, and (3) mitigated motor symptoms and improved survival rate of SOD1G93A ALS mice. In conclusion, the findings of the present work support the potential of the synthesized indolylacetic derivatives II-IV in ALS treatment. Indeed, in the attempt to realize an association between two active molecules, we assumed that the combination of the indispensable moieties of two small molecules (the opioids containing a 4-piperidinyl ring with the FANS indomethacin) might lead to new medicaments potentially useful for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Corvino
- Department
of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, “Federico
II” University of Naples, Via D. Montesano, 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Caliendo
- Department
of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, “Federico
II” University of Naples, Via D. Montesano, 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Fiorino
- Department
of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, “Federico
II” University of Naples, Via D. Montesano, 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Francesco Frecentese
- Department
of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, “Federico
II” University of Naples, Via D. Montesano, 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Valeria Valsecchi
- Division
of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological
Sciences, School of Medicine, “Federico
II” University of Naples, Via S. Pansini 5 ,Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- Division
of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological
Sciences, School of Medicine, “Federico
II” University of Naples, Via S. Pansini 5 ,Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Serenella Anzilotti
- Department
of Science and Technology, University of
Sannio, 82100Benevento, Italy
| | - Giorgia Andreozzi
- Department
of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, “Federico
II” University of Naples, Via D. Montesano, 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Antonia Scognamiglio
- Department
of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, “Federico
II” University of Naples, Via D. Montesano, 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Rosa Sparaco
- Department
of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, “Federico
II” University of Naples, Via D. Montesano, 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Elisa Perissutti
- Department
of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, “Federico
II” University of Naples, Via D. Montesano, 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Beatrice Severino
- Department
of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, “Federico
II” University of Naples, Via D. Montesano, 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Michele Gargiulo
- Miuli
Pharma S.r.l., via Circumvallazione, Nola 310 80035, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Santagada
- Department
of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, “Federico
II” University of Naples, Via D. Montesano, 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pignataro
- Division
of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological
Sciences, School of Medicine, “Federico
II” University of Naples, Via S. Pansini 5 ,Naples 80131, Italy
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7
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Grosso C, Alves C, Sase TJ, Alves NG, Cardoso AL, Lemos A, Pinho e Melo TMVD. Selective Synthesis of 3-(1 H-Tetrazol-5-yl)-indoles from 2 H-Azirines and Arynes. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:29282-29289. [PMID: 39005823 PMCID: PMC11238228 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
A new selective synthetic approach to indole derivatives bearing a tetrazole moiety has been developed. Arynes, generated in situ from o-(trimethylsilyl)aryl triflates and KF, reacted smoothly with 2-(2-benzyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-2H-azirines to give 3-(2-benzyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-indole derivatives with high selectivity. Deprotection of the tetrazole moiety gave 3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-indole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Grosso
- University
of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry
Center−Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) and Department
of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Alves
- University
of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry
Center−Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) and Department
of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Terver J. Sase
- University
of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry
Center−Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) and Department
of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno G. Alves
- University
of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry
Center−Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) and Department
of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana L. Cardoso
- University
of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry
Center−Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) and Department
of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Américo Lemos
- University
of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry
Center−Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) and Department
of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- FCT,
University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Teresa M. V. D. Pinho e Melo
- University
of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry
Center−Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) and Department
of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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8
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Gaikwad RP, Warkad IR, Chaudhari DS, Jiang S, Miller JT, Pham HN, Datye A, Gawande MB. Harnessing photocatalytic activity of mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride decorated by copper single-atom catalysts for oxidative dehydrogenation of N-heterocycles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 676:485-495. [PMID: 39047376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
This work describes the application of Cu single-atom catalysts (SACs) for photocatalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of N-heterocyclic amines to the respective N-heteroaromatics through environmentally benign and sustainable pathways. The mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mpg-C3N4), prepared by the one-step pyrolysis method, possesses a lightweight material with a high surface area (95 m2 g-1) and an average pore diameter (3.6 nm). A simple microwave-assisted preparation method was employed to decorate Cu single-atom over mpg-C3N4 support. The Cu single-atom decorated on mpg-C3N4 support (Cu@mpg-C3N4) is characterized by various characterization techniques, including XRD, UV-visible spectrophotometry, HRTEM, HAADF-STEM with elemental mapping, AC-STEM, ICP-OES, XANES, EXAFS, and BET surface area. These characterization studies confirmed that the Cu@mpg-C3N4 catalyst exhibited high surface area, mesoporous nature, medium band gap, and low metal loading. The as-synthesized and well-characterized Cu@mpg-C3N4 single-atom photocatalyst is then evaluated for its efficacy in converting N-heterocycles into corresponding N-heteroaromatic compounds with excellent conversion and selectivity (>99 %). This transformation is achieved using water as a green solvent and a 30 W white light as a visible light source, demonstrating the catalyst's potential for sustainable and environmentally benign reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul P Gaikwad
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Jalna, Maharashtra 431203, India
| | - Indrajeet R Warkad
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Jalna, Maharashtra 431203, India
| | - Dinesh S Chaudhari
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Jalna, Maharashtra 431203, India
| | - Shan Jiang
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, IN 47906, United States
| | - Jeffrey T Miller
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, IN 47906, United States
| | - Hien N Pham
- Department of Chemical Biological Engineering and Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Abhaya Datye
- Department of Chemical Biological Engineering and Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Manoj B Gawande
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Jalna, Maharashtra 431203, India; Nanotechnology Centre, Centre for Energy and Environmental Technologies, VˇSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
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9
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Potlitz F, Palm GJ, Bodtke A, Lammers M, Schade D, Link A. A Novel C3/ C4-Fused Indole Scaffold through Acid-Catalyzed Cascade Reaction. Molecules 2024; 29:3064. [PMID: 38999014 PMCID: PMC11243003 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
3,4-bridged indoles are underrepresented among the vast number of indoles described in the literature. Attempts to access 3,4-macrocyclized indoles led to the unexpected formation of a novel tetracyclic indole through intramolecular acid-catalyzed ring contraction. The herein-established one-step synthetic route provides an excellent medicinal chemistry platform for the construction of screening libraries covering a unique chemical space of indoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Potlitz
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gottfried J Palm
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anja Bodtke
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Lammers
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dennis Schade
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Partner Site Kiel, DZHK, German Center for Cardiovascular Research, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Link
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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10
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Venkatesh R, Narayan AC, Kandasamy J. Synthesis of deoxybenzoins from β-alkoxy styrenes and arylboronic acids via palladium-catalyzed regioselective Heck-arylation reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5193-5197. [PMID: 38864361 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00616j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of deoxybenzoin derivatives from styryl ethers and arylboronic acids is reported. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions in the presence of TEMPO and provides the desired products in good to excellent yields. Simple operation, broad substrate scope, and functional group tolerance are the salient features of the developed methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rapelly Venkatesh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India.
| | - Aswathi C Narayan
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India.
| | - Jeyakumar Kandasamy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India.
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11
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Shu VA, Eni DB, Ntie-Kang F. A survey of isatin hybrids and their biological properties. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10883-z. [PMID: 38833124 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10883-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of diverse infections worldwide, which is a serious global threat to human existence, necessitates the urgent development of novel therapeutic candidates that can combat these diseases with efficacy. Molecular hybridization has been established as an efficient technique in designing bioactive molecules capable of fighting infections. Isatin, a core nucleus of an array of compounds with diverse biological properties can be modified at different positions leading to the creation of novel drug targets, is an active area of medicinal chemistry. This review containing published articles from 2005 to 2022 highlights isatin hybrids which have been synthesized and reported in the literature alongside a discussion on their biological properties. The enriched structure-activity relationship studies discussed provides insights for the rational design of novel isatin hybrids with tailored biological properties as effective therapeutic candidates inspired by nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Asoh Shu
- Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Donatus Bekindaka Eni
- Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
| | - Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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12
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Sahiba N, Teli P, Meena P, Agarwal S. Exploring the Synthetic and Antioxidant Potential of 1,2-Disubstituted Benzimidazoles Using [Et 3NH][HSO 4] Ionic Liquid Catalyst. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301159. [PMID: 37718514 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
An [Et3NH][HSO4] ionic-liquid catalyzed, intermolecular C-N bond formation for 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazole synthesis was achieved by the reaction of OPD and substituted aldehydes at ambient reaction conditions. Operational simplicity, use of easily available substrate and reagents, good yields (74-95 %) in short reaction time (4-18 min), simple work-up, and column chromatographic free synthesis are the remarkable features of this new protocol. The applicability of [Et3NH][HSO4] ionic-liquid as a green and inexpensive catalyst with good recyclability and compatibility with a broad range of functional group having heteroatom, electron-withdrawing, and electron-releasing groups manifested the sustainability, eco-friendliness, and efficiency of the present methodology. Moreover, the antioxidant studies of the synthesized compounds using DPPH and ABTS assays were appealing and several synthesized compounds showed significant antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Sahiba
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pankaj Teli
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Priyadarshi Meena
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302004, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shikha Agarwal
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001, Rajasthan, India
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13
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Chowdhury MG, Kalmegh V, Kapoor S, Kamble V, Shard A. Imidazopyrimidine: from a relatively exotic scaffold to an evolving structural motif in drug discovery. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:1488-1507. [PMID: 38784469 PMCID: PMC11110759 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00718a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-fused heterocycles are of immense importance in modern drug discovery and development. Among them, imidazopyrimidine is a highly versatile scaffold with vast pharmacological utility. These compounds demonstrate a broad spectrum of pharmacological actions, including antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. Their adaptable structure allows for extensive structural modifications, which can be utilized for optimizing pharmacological effects via structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. Additionally, imidazopyrimidine derivatives are particularly noteworthy for their ability to target specific molecular entities, such as protein kinases, which are crucial components of various cellular signaling pathways associated with multiple diseases. Despite the evident importance of imidazopyrimidines in drug discovery, there is a notable lack of a comprehensive review that outlines their role in this field. This review highlights the ongoing interest and investment in exploring the therapeutic potential of imidazopyrimidine compounds, underscoring their pivotal role in shaping the future of drug discovery and clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Ghosh Chowdhury
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad (NIPER-A) Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj Gandhinagar Gujarat-382355 India
| | - Vaishnavi Kalmegh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad (NIPER-A) Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj Gandhinagar Gujarat-382355 India
| | - Saumya Kapoor
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad (NIPER-A) Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj Gandhinagar Gujarat-382355 India
| | - Vaishnavi Kamble
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad (NIPER-A) Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj Gandhinagar Gujarat-382355 India
| | - Amit Shard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad (NIPER-A) Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj Gandhinagar Gujarat-382355 India
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14
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Kar A, Rana G, Sahoo R, Ghosh S, Jana U. Design and Synthesis of Indazole-Indole Hybrid via tert-Butyl Nitrite Mediated Cascade Diazotization/Isomerization/Cyclization. J Org Chem 2024; 89:7295-7302. [PMID: 38662442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
In this report, a tert-butyl nitrite (TBN)-mediated straightforward metal-free approach has been presented for the synthesis of a diverse range of C-3-substituted indazole-indole hybrids using readily accessible 2-(indolin-3-ylidenemethyl)aniline derivatives. This strategy is proposed to occur via a diazonium salt intermediate that is capable of cascade isomerization and intramolecular C-N bond formation through a 5-endo-dig cyclization to achieve a wide variety of indazole-indole hybrids in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kar
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032 West Bengal, India
| | - Gopal Rana
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032 West Bengal, India
| | - Rajkamal Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032 West Bengal, India
| | - Sourav Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032 West Bengal, India
| | - Umasish Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032 West Bengal, India
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15
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Babijczuk K, Berdzik N, Nowak D, Warżajtis B, Rychlewska U, Starzyk J, Mrówczyńska L, Jasiewicz B. Novel C3-Methylene-Bridged Indole Derivatives with and without Substituents at N1: The Influence of Substituents on Their Hemolytic, Cytoprotective, and Antimicrobial Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5364. [PMID: 38791402 PMCID: PMC11121452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids are natural compounds useful as scaffolds for discovering new bioactive molecules. This study utilized alkaloid gramine to synthesize two groups of C3-substituted indole derivatives, which were either functionalized at N1 or not. The compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods. The protective effects of the new compounds against in vitro oxidative hemolysis induced by standard oxidant 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane dihydro chloride (AAPH) on human erythrocytes as a cell model were investigated. Additionally, the compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity. The results indicated that most of the indole derivatives devoid of the N1 substitution exhibited strong cytoprotective properties. The docking studies supported the affinities of selected indole-based ligands as potential antioxidants. Furthermore, the derivatives obtained exhibited potent fungicidal properties. The structures of the eight derivatives possessing indole moiety bridged to the imidazole-, benzimidazole-, thiazole-, benzothiazole-, and 5-methylbenzothiazoline-2-thiones were determined by X-ray diffraction. The C=S bond lengths in the thioamide fragment pointed to the involvement of zwitterionic structures of varying contribution. The predominance of zwitterionic mesomers may explain the lack of cytoprotective properties, while steric effects, which limit multiple the hydrogen-bond acceptor properties of a thione sulfur, seem to be responsible for the high hemolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Babijczuk
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (K.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Natalia Berdzik
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (K.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Damian Nowak
- Department of Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Beata Warżajtis
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (B.W.); (U.R.)
| | - Urszula Rychlewska
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (B.W.); (U.R.)
| | - Justyna Starzyk
- Department of Soil Science and Microbiology, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Bioengineering, University of Life Science, Szydłowska 50, 60-656 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Lucyna Mrówczyńska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Beata Jasiewicz
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (K.B.); (N.B.)
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16
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Rashid A, Lone WI, Dogra P, Rashid S, Bhat BA. HFIP-mediated C-3-alkylation of indoles and synthesis of indolo[2,3- b]quinolines & related natural products. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3502-3509. [PMID: 38618907 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00414k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
An expeditious metal free C-3 alkylation of indoles and its NIS-mediated deviation to indolo[2,3-b]quinolines is reported. This protocol, executed in aqueous HFIP has broad substrate scope and is well inclined towards the ideas of sustainable chemistry. Applications of these strategies in accessing bioactive natural products like vibrindole, norcryptotakeine, neocryptolepine and indenoindolone scaffolds has also been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auqib Rashid
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar 190005, India.
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Waseem I Lone
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Preeti Dogra
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India.
| | - Showkat Rashid
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Bilal A Bhat
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar 190005, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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17
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De Salvo A, Mancuso R, Wu XF. Carbonylative synthesis and functionalization of indoles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:973-1000. [PMID: 38711593 PMCID: PMC11070973 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbonylation processes have become widely recognized as a versatile, convenient, and low-cost method for the synthesis of high-value compounds. Given the great importance of heterocyclic compounds, the carbonylative approach has become increasingly important for their synthesis. In this mini-review, as a class of benzo-fused nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, we summarized and discussed the recent achievements on the synthesis and functionalization of indole derivatives via carbonylative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex De Salvo
- Laboratory of Industrial and Synthetic Organic Chemistry (LISOC), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci 12/C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Raffaella Mancuso
- Laboratory of Industrial and Synthetic Organic Chemistry (LISOC), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci 12/C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023 Liaoning, China
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18
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Hosseinchi Qareaghaj O, Ghaffarzadeh M, Azizi N. Ultrafast and efficient continuous flow organic synthesis with a modified extruder-grinder system. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9671. [PMID: 38671008 PMCID: PMC11053142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59567-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The study introduces a groundbreaking continuous system that combines an extruder and grinder to enable catalyst-free and solvent-free reactions under mild conditions. This temperature-controlled system facilitates the synthesis of highly functionalized chromenes, which have valuable applications in generating combinatorial libraries and complex target molecules. The newly developed mill extruder machine offers several advantages for industrial production on a large scale. It effectively reduces waste, saves energy, and enhances time efficiency. This system represents a significant advancement in the field, providing a new strategy for one-pot synthesis of various types of highly functionalized spirooxindoles and chromenes. Remarkably, these reactions can be accomplished within a short timeframe of 2-10 min, yielding impressive results of 75-98%. The results demonstrate superior performance compared to traditional reaction methods, making it an appealing tool and hotspot area of research in green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Ghaffarzadeh
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, P.O. Box 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmedin Azizi
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, P.O. Box 14335-186, Tehran, Iran.
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19
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Shen Y, Pan M, Gao H, Zhang Y, Wang R, Li J, Mao Z. New azole derivatives linked to indole/indoline moieties combined with FLC against drug-resistant Candida albicans. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:1236-1246. [PMID: 38665837 PMCID: PMC11042159 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00021h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most common fungal pathogen associated with human opportunistic infections. Invasive infections caused by C. albicans are becoming increasingly serious. However, with the rising incidence of fungal infection, many fungi are resistant to commonly used drugs. Therefore, there is an urgent need for exploring new anti-fungal drugs that fungi are not resistant to. A series of novel azole derivatives linked to indole/indoline moieties were prepared, and in vitro antifungal activity evaluated. All compounds combined with FLC showed excellent activity against drug-resistant C. albicans with low toxicity. A preliminary mechanistic study indicated that S1 combined with FLC could inhibit the formation of C. albicans biofilms as well as destroy the integrity of cell-membrane structure and mitochondrial function. S1 could be considered a new fungal agent for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhong Shen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine Kunming 650500 PR China
| | - Min Pan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine Kunming 650500 PR China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine Kunming 650500 PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine Kunming 650500 PR China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine Kunming 650500 PR China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine Kunming 650500 PR China
| | - Zewei Mao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine Kunming 650500 PR China
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20
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Haritha Kumari A, Jagadesh Kumar J, Sharadha N, Rama Krishna G, Jannapu Reddy R. Visible-Light-Induced Radical Sulfonylative-Cyclization Cascade of 1,6-Enynol Derivatives with Sulfinic Acids: A Sustainable Approach for the Synthesis of 2,3-Disubstituted Benzoheteroles. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400227. [PMID: 38650432 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Benzoheteroles are promising structural scaffolds in the realm of medicinal chemistry, but sustainable synthesis of 2,3-difunctionalized benzoheterole derivatives is still in high demand. Indeed, we have conceptually rationalized the intrinsic reactivity of propargylic-enyne systems for the flexible construction of 2,3-disubstituted benzoheteroles through radical sulfonylative-cyclization cascade under organophotoredox catalysis. We hereby report an efficient visible-light-induced sulfonyl radical-triggered cyclization of 1,6-enynols with sulfinic acids under the dual catalytic influence of 4CzIPN and NiBr2⋅DME, which led to the formation of 2,3-disubstituted benzoheteroles in good to high yields. Additionally, the Rose Bengal (RB)-catalyzed radical sulfonylative-cycloannulation of acetyl-derived 1,6-enynols with sulfinic acids under blue LED irradiation allowed to access 3-(E-styryl)-derived benzofurans and benzothiophenes in moderate to good yields. The scope and limitations of the present strategies were successfully established using different classes of 1,6-enynols and sulfinic acids bearing various sensitive functional groups, yielding the desired products in a highly stereoselective fashion. Plausible mechanistic pathways were also proposed based on the current experimental and control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arram Haritha Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Jangam Jagadesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Nunavath Sharadha
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Gamidi Rama Krishna
- Centre for X-ray Crystallography, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411 008, India
| | - Raju Jannapu Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
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21
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Németh A, Kollár L, Németh K, Schlosser G, Minus A, Keserű GM. On-DNA Synthesis of Multisubstituted Indoles. Org Lett 2024; 26:2517-2522. [PMID: 38108153 PMCID: PMC11002923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The increasing role of the DNA-encoded library technology in early phase drug discovery represents a significant demand for DNA-compatible synthetic methods for therapeutically relevant heterocycles. Herein, we report the first on-DNA synthesis of multisubstituted indoles via a cascade reaction of Sonogashira coupling and intramolecular ring closure. Further functionalization by Suzuki coupling at the third position exploits a diverse chemical space. The high fidelity of the method also enabled the construction of an indole-based mock library.
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Affiliation(s)
- András
Gy. Németh
- Medicinal
Chemistry Research Group, HUN-REN Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- National
Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Levente Kollár
- Medicinal
Chemistry Research Group, HUN-REN Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest
University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- National
Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Németh
- Medicinal
Chemistry Research Group, HUN-REN Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Centre
for Structure Study, HUN-REN Research Centre
for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gitta Schlosser
- MTA-ELTE
Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Eötvös University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Annamária Minus
- Institute
of Enzymology, HUN-REN Research Centre for
Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - György M. Keserű
- Medicinal
Chemistry Research Group, HUN-REN Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest
University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- National
Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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22
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Sifaoui I, Rodríguez-Expósito RL, Reyes-Batlle M, Dumpiérrez Ramos A, Diana-Rivero R, García-Tellado F, Tejedor D, Piñero JE, Lorenzo-Morales J. Amoebicidal effect of synthetic indoles against Acanthamoeba spp.: a study of cell death. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0165123. [PMID: 38412000 PMCID: PMC10989003 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01651-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Organic and synthetic chemistry plays a crucial role in drug discovery fields. Moreover, chemical modifications of available molecules to enhance their efficacy, selectivity and safety have been considered as an attractive approach for the development of new bioactive agents. Indoles, a versatile group of natural heterocyclic compounds, have been widely used in pharmaceutical industry due to their broad spectrum of activities including antimicrobial, antitumoral and anti-inflammatory among others. Herein, we report the amoebicidal activity of different indole analogs on Acanthamoeba castellanii Neff. Among the 40 tested derivatives, eight molecules were able to inhibit this protistan parasite. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis of their anti-Acanthamoeba activity would suggest that a carboxylation of C-3 position and the incorporation of halogen as chlorine/fluorine would enhance their biological profile, presumably by increasing their lipophilicity and therefore their ability to cross the cell membrane. Fluorescence image base system was used to investigate the effect of indole 6o c-6 on the cytoskeleton network and various programmed cell death features. We were able to highlight that the methyl 6-chloro-1H-indole-3-carboxylate could induce program cell death by the mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Sifaoui
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), área de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén L. Rodríguez-Expósito
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), área de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Reyes-Batlle
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), área de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Dumpiérrez Ramos
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Raquel Diana-Rivero
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Fernando García-Tellado
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - David Tejedor
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - José E. Piñero
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), área de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacob Lorenzo-Morales
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), área de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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23
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Laabi S, LeMmon C, Vogel C, Chacon M, Jimenez VM. Deciphering psilocybin: Cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory effects, and mechanistic insights. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111753. [PMID: 38401463 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
A decade of clinical research has indicated psilocybin's effectiveness in treating various neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression and substance abuse. The correlation between increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and the severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms, along with the known anti-inflammatory potential of some psychedelics, suggests an immunomodulatory role for psilocybin. This study aims to understand the mechanism of action of psilocybin by investigating the cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects of psilocybin and psilocin on both resting and LPS-activated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. The study evaluated the cytotoxicity of psilocybin and psilocin using an LDH assay across various doses and assessed their impact on cytokine production in RAW 264.7 cells, measuring cytokine expression via ELISA. Different doses, including those above and below the LC50, were used in both pre-treatment and post-treatment approaches. The LDH assay revealed that psilocybin is almost twice as cytotoxic as psilocin, with an LC50 of 12 ng/ml and 28 ng/ml, respectively. In resting macrophages, both psilocybin and psilocin triggered significant release of TNF- α after 4 h, with the lowest doses inducing higher levels of the cytokine than the highest doses. IL-10 expression in resting cells was only triggered by the highest dose of psilocin in the 4-hour incubation group. In LPS-stimulated cells, psilocin reduced TNF- α levels more than psilocybin in pre-treatment and post-treatment, with no significant effects on IL-10 in pre-treatment. Psilocin, but not psilocybin, induced a significant increase of IL-10 in post-treatment, leading to the conclusion that psilocin, but not psilocybin, exerts anti-inflammatory effects on classically activated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Laabi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine, 2162 S 180 E, Provo, UT 84606, United States
| | - Claire LeMmon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine, 2162 S 180 E, Provo, UT 84606, United States
| | - Callie Vogel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine, 2162 S 180 E, Provo, UT 84606, United States
| | - Mariana Chacon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine, 2162 S 180 E, Provo, UT 84606, United States
| | - Victor M Jimenez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine, 2162 S 180 E, Provo, UT 84606, United States; Department of Pharmacy, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10920 S River Front Pkwy, South Jordan, UT 84095, United States.
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24
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Mohan S, Krishnan L, Madhusoodanan N, Sobha A, Jalaja R, Kumaran A, Vankadari N, Purushothaman J, Somappa SB. Linker-Based Pharmacophoric Design and Semisynthesis of Labdane Conjugates Active against Multi-Faceted Inflammatory Targets. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6389-6401. [PMID: 38494644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Prolonged inflammation leads to the genesis of various inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, Alzheimer's, etc. The uncontrolled inflammatory response is characterized by the excessive release of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1alpha (IL-1α), and inflammatory enzymes such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Hence, the downregulation of these inflammatory mediators is an active therapy to control aberrant inflammation and tissue damage. To address this, herein, we present the rational design and synthesis of novel phytochemical entities (NPCEs) through strategic linker-based molecular hybridization of aromatic/heteroaromatic fragments with the labdane dialdehyde, isolated from the medicinally and nutritionally significant rhizomes of the plant Curcuma amada. To validate the anti-inflammatory potential, we employed a comprehensive in vitro study assessing its inhibitory effect on the COX-2 enzyme and other inflammatory mediators, viz., NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1α, in bacterial lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, as well as in-silico molecular modeling studies targeting the inflammation regulator COX-2 enzyme. Among the synthesized novel compounds, 5f exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory potential by inhibiting the COX-2 enzyme (IC50 = 17.67 ± 0.89 μM), with a 4-fold increased activity relative to the standard drug indomethacin (IC50 = 67.16 ± 0.17 μM). 5f also significantly reduced the levels of LPS-induced NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1α, much better than the positive control. Molecular mechanistic studies revealed that 5f suppressed the expression of COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokine release dose-dependently, which was associated with the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. This infers that the labdane derivative 5f is a promising lead candidate as an anti-inflammatory agent to further explore its therapeutic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Mohan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Lekshmy Krishnan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Nithya Madhusoodanan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Anjali Sobha
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Renjitha Jalaja
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Alaganandam Kumaran
- Agro Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Naveen Vankadari
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jayamurthy Purushothaman
- Agro Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Sasidhar B Somappa
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
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25
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Teli P, Soni S, Teli S, Agarwal S. Unlocking Diversity: From Simple to Cutting-Edge Synthetic Methodologies of Bis(indolyl)methanes. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:8. [PMID: 38403746 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
From a synthetic perspective, bis(indolyl)methanes have undergone extensive investigation over the past two to three decades owing to their remarkable pharmacological activities, encompassing anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory properties. These highly desirable attributes have spurred significant interest within the scientific community, leading to the development of various synthetic strategies that are not only more efficient but also ecofriendly. This synthesis-based literature review delves into the advancements made in the past 5 years, focusing on the synthesis of symmetrical as well as unsymmetrical bis(indolyl)methanes. The review encompasses a wide array of methods, ranging from well-established techniques to more unconventional and innovative approaches. Furthermore, it highlights the exploration of various substrates, encompassing readily available chemicals such as indole, aldehydes/ketones, indolyl methanols, etc. as well as the use of some specific compounds as starting materials to achieve the synthesis of this invaluable molecule. By encapsulating the latest developments in this field, this review provides insights into the expanding horizons of bis(indolyl)methane synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Teli
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shivani Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sunita Teli
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shikha Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
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26
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Ragheb MA, Abdelrashid HE, Elzayat EM, Abdelhamid IA, Soliman MH. Novel cyanochalcones as potential anticancer agents: apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, DNA binding, and molecular docking studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38373066 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2316764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
In the light of anticancer drug discovery and development, a new series of cyanochalcones incorporating indole moiety (5a-g) were efficiently synthesized and characterized by different spectral analysis. MTT assay was used to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of the synthesized compounds towards different cancer cells (Hela, MDA-MB-231, A375, and A549) in parallel with normal cells (HSF). Trimethoxy and diethoxy-containing derivatives (5d and 5e) displayed the most selective cytotoxic activities against cervical Hela cells with IC50 values of 8.29 and 11.82 µM, respectively, with great safety pattern toward normal HSF cells (Selectivity index: 21.3 and 13.9, respectively). Therefore, 5d and 5e were chosen to study their effects on apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and migration of Hela cells using flow cytometric analysis and wound healing assay. They induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the S phase and impaired migration of HeLa cells. Regarding their effects on the expression profile of crucial genes related to the potential anticancer activities, 5d and 5e remarkably upregulated caspase 3 and Beclin1 and downregulated cyclin A1, CDK2, CDH2, MMP9, and HIF1A using qRT-PCR and ELISA techniques. UV-Vis spectral measurement demonstrated the ability of 5d and 5e to bind CT-DNA efficiently with Kb values of 3.7 × 105 and 1 × 105 M-1, respectively. Moreover, in silico molecular docking was performed to assess the binding affinities of the compounds toward the active sites of Bcl2, CDK2, and DNA. Therefore, cyanochalcones 5d and 5e might be promising anticancer agents and could offer a scientific basis for intensive research into cancer chemotherapy.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Ragheb
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Division), Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan E Abdelrashid
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Division), Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Emad M Elzayat
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Marwa H Soliman
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Division), Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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27
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Pulat S, Yang I, Lee J, Hwang S, Zhou R, Gamage CDB, Varlı M, Taş İ, Yang Y, Park SY, Hong A, Kim JH, Oh DC, Kim H, Nam SJ, Kang H. Anithiactin D, a Phenylthiazole Natural Product from Mudflat-Derived Streptomyces sp., Suppresses Motility of Cancer Cells. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:88. [PMID: 38393059 PMCID: PMC10889970 DOI: 10.3390/md22020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Anithiactin D (1), a 2-phenylthiazole class of natural products, was isolated from marine mudflat-derived actinomycetes Streptomyces sp. 10A085. The chemical structure of 1 was elucidated based on the interpretation of NMR and MS data. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by comparing the experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectral data. Anithiactin D (1) significantly decreased cancer cell migration and invasion activities at a concentration of 5 μM via downregulation of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in A549, AGS, and Caco-2 cell lines. Moreover, 1 inhibited the activity of Rho GTPases, including Rac1 and RhoA in the A549 cell line, suppressed RhoA in AGS and Caco-2 cell lines, and decreased the mRNA expression levels of some matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in AGS and Caco-2 cell lines. Thus 1, which is a new entity of the 2-phenylthiazole class of natural products with a unique aniline-indole fused moiety, is a potent inhibitor of the motility of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Pulat
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (R.Z.); (C.D.B.G.); (M.V.); (İ.T.); (Y.Y.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Inho Yang
- Department of Convergence Study on the Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jihye Lee
- Laboratories of Marine New Drugs, REDONE Seoul, Seoul 08594, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; (A.H.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Sunghoon Hwang
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (S.H.); (D.-C.O.)
| | - Rui Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (R.Z.); (C.D.B.G.); (M.V.); (İ.T.); (Y.Y.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Chathurika D. B. Gamage
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (R.Z.); (C.D.B.G.); (M.V.); (İ.T.); (Y.Y.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Mücahit Varlı
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (R.Z.); (C.D.B.G.); (M.V.); (İ.T.); (Y.Y.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - İsa Taş
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (R.Z.); (C.D.B.G.); (M.V.); (İ.T.); (Y.Y.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (R.Z.); (C.D.B.G.); (M.V.); (İ.T.); (Y.Y.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - So-Yeon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (R.Z.); (C.D.B.G.); (M.V.); (İ.T.); (Y.Y.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Ahreum Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; (A.H.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Jeong-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; (A.H.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Dong-Chan Oh
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (S.H.); (D.-C.O.)
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (R.Z.); (C.D.B.G.); (M.V.); (İ.T.); (Y.Y.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Sang-Jip Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; (A.H.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Heonjoong Kang
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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28
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Ferreira FC, Buarque CD, Lopes-Pacheco M. Organic Synthesis and Current Understanding of the Mechanisms of CFTR Modulator Drugs Ivacaftor, Tezacaftor, and Elexacaftor. Molecules 2024; 29:821. [PMID: 38398574 PMCID: PMC10891718 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The monogenic rare disease Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance (CFTR) protein, an anion channel expressed at the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells. The discovery and subsequent development of CFTR modulators-small molecules acting on the basic molecular defect in CF-have revolutionized the standard of care for people with CF (PwCF), thus drastically improving their clinical features, prognosis, and quality of life. Currently, four of these drugs are approved for clinical use: potentiator ivacaftor (VX-770) alone or in combination with correctors lumacaftor, (VX-809), tezacaftor (VX-661), and elexacaftor (VX-445). Noteworthily, the triple combinatorial therapy composed of ivacaftor, tezacaftor, and elexacaftor constitutes the most effective modulator therapy nowadays for the majority of PwCF. In this review, we exploit the organic synthesis of ivacaftor, tezacaftor, and elexacaftor by providing a retrosynthetic drug analysis for these CFTR modulators. Furthermore, we describe the current understanding of the mechanisms of action (MoA's) of these compounds by discussing several studies that report the key findings on the molecular mechanisms underlying their action on the CFTR protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa C. Ferreira
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Camilla D. Buarque
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro 22435-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
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29
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Li J, Tanaka H, Imagawa T, Tsushima T, Nakamoto M, Tan J, Yoshida H. Ethynyl-B(dan) in [3+2] Cycloaddition and Larock Indole Synthesis: Synthesis of Stable Boron-Containing Heteroaromatic Compounds. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303403. [PMID: 38109084 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The cycloaddition of nitrile oxides with ethynyl-B(dan) (dan=naphthalene-1,8-diaminato) allowed the facile preparation of diverse isoxazolyl-B(dan) compounds, all of which displayed excellent protodeborylation-resistant properties. The dan-installation on the boron center proves vital to the high stability of the products as well as the perfect regioselectivity arising from hydrogen bond-directed orientation in the cycloaddition. The diminished boron-Lewis acidity of ethynyl-B(dan) also renders it amenable to azide-alkyne cycloaddition, Larock indole synthesis and related heteroannulations. The obtained boron-containing triazole, indoles, benzofuran and indenone exhibit sufficient resistance toward protodeborylation. Despite the commonly accepted transmetalation-inactive property derived from the diminished Lewis acidity, the synthesized heteroaryl-B(dan) compound was still found to be convertible to the oligoarene via sequential Suzuki-Miyaura coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialun Li
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hideya Tanaka
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Taiki Imagawa
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takumi Tsushima
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakamoto
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Jiajing Tan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hiroto Yoshida
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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30
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Liu S, Li X, Chen C, Lin X, Zuo W, Peng C, Jiang Q, Huang W, He G. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel discoidin domain receptor inhibitors for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma and pulmonary fibrosis. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116100. [PMID: 38171149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Discoidin domain receptors (DDR) play crucial roles in cell proliferation and differentiation. When DDRs are overexpressed, it has been associated with various diseases such as cancers, fibrotic disorders, and inflammation. This study aimed to expand on previous research by using a structure-based drug design approach to develop a series of new indole-urea derivatives as potent inhibitors of DDR1. Through biochemical analyses, it was found that these compounds effectively inhibited DDR1/2, with compound 7s demonstrating the highest activity against A549 cells (IC50 value of 1.84 μM) while maintaining selectivity for other kinases. In vivo studies showed that compound 7s exhibited stronger antitumor activity compared to dasatinib, without causing significant weight loss at a dose of 30 mg/kg. Further investigation revealed that compound 7s hindered the migration of A549 cells by targeting the ERK, Akt1, and EMT pathways. Additionally, cellular experiments demonstrated that compound 7s suppressed the activation of fibroblasts induced by TGF-β1. In vivo experiments confirmed that compound 7s, at a dose of 30 mg/kg, effectively inhibited DDR1 activation, resulting in a reduction of lung injury and fibrosis induced by bleomycin. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of these novel DDR1 inhibitors as promising therapeutic candidates for the treatment of DDR-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangke Liu
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Department of Dermatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Can Chen
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China; Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Xinyu Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Weifang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Qinglin Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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31
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Zhang R, Ma R, Chen R, Wang L, Ma Y. Regioselective C 3Alkylation of Indoles for the Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes and 3-Styryl Indoles. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1846-1857. [PMID: 38214898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe an efficient transition-metal-free regioselective C3alkylation of indoles for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes and 3-styryl indoles. Nitrobenzene is employed as the oxidant to oxidize the alcohols in the presence of a strong base and the reaction avoids the use of transition metals such as Ru and Mn. The protocol provides a favorable route to access biologically active compounds such as arundine, vibrindole A, and turbomycin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqin Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Renchao Ma
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, P. R. China
| | - Rener Chen
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, P. R. China
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Yongmin Ma
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, P. R. China
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Bonato Wille AP, Pereira da Motta K, Pinto Brites N, Luchese C, Frederico Schumacher R, Antunes Wilhelm E. Synthesis and investigation of new indole-containing vinyl sulfide derivatives: In silico and in vitro studies for potential therapeutic applications. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301460. [PMID: 38117615 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Indoles featuring organosulfur compounds serve as privileged structural scaffolds in various biologically active compounds. This study investigates the biological properties of five synthetic sulphenyl vinyl indoles (3 a-e) using both in silico and in vitro methods. Computational analyses employing Swiss ADME and Molinspiration software reveal the remarkable inhibitory activity of compound 3 d against proteases and kinases (scores of 0.18 and 0.06, respectively). Furthermore, it demonstrates the ability to modulate ionic and G protein-coupled receptors (scores: -0.06 and 0.31, respectively) and serves as a ligand for nuclear receptors (score 0.15). In vitro investigations highlight the compounds' efficacy in countering ABTS+ radical attacks and reducing lipid peroxidation levels. Particularly noteworthy is the superior efficacy of compounds 3 a, 3 b, and 3 e in DPPH (EC50 3 a: 268.5 μM) and TEAC assays (EC50 3 a: 49.9 μM; EC50 3 b: 133.4 μM, and EC50 3 e: 84.9 μM), as well as TBARS levels. Compound 3 c significantly reduces acetylcholinesterase activity, positioning itself as a noteworthy enzyme inhibitor. This study emphasizes the versatile biological potential of synthetic indole derivatives, suggesting their applicability for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Bonato Wille
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Research Laboratory in Biochemical Pharmacology (LaFarBio), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil CEP, 96010-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Ketlyn Pereira da Motta
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Research Laboratory in Biochemical Pharmacology (LaFarBio), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil CEP, 96010-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathan Pinto Brites
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria Brazil, CEP, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Luchese
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Research Laboratory in Biochemical Pharmacology (LaFarBio), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil CEP, 96010-900, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Ethel Antunes Wilhelm
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Research Laboratory in Biochemical Pharmacology (LaFarBio), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil CEP, 96010-900, RS, Brazil
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Lee C, Lee S, Kim A, Kwon Y. Nitro-Enabled Atroposelective Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of 2-Arylindoles by Phase-Transfer Catalysis. Org Lett 2024; 26:681-686. [PMID: 38232328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
This study presents the atroposelective alkylation of 2-arylindoles catalyzed by a substituted cinchonium salt as a phase-transfer catalyst. Under the optimized reaction conditions, various substrates are employed to yield products with high enantioselectivity. The presence of an ortho-nitro group at the aromatic ring is essential for high atroposelectivity, because it facilitates favorable interactions between the catalyst and substrate. The origin of the enantioselectivity reveals favorable π-π interactions for both enantiomers and unfavorable steric strains for undesired enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanhee Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahreum Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Kwon
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Koley M, Han J, Soloshonok VA, Mojumder S, Javahershenas R, Makarem A. Latest developments in coumarin-based anticancer agents: mechanism of action and structure-activity relationship studies. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:10-54. [PMID: 38283214 PMCID: PMC10809357 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00511a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Many researchers around the world are working on the development of novel anticancer drugs with different mechanisms of action. In this case, coumarin is a highly promising pharmacophore for the development of novel anticancer drugs. Besides, the hybridization of this moiety with other anticancer pharmacophores has emerged as a potent breakthrough in the treatment of cancer to decrease its side effects and increase its efficiency. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent development of coumarin derivatives and their application as novel anticancer drugs. Herein, we highlight and describe the largest number of research works reported in this field from 2015 to August 2023, along with their mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationship studies, making this review different from the other review articles published on this topic to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manankar Koley
- CSIR-Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute Kolkata India
| | - Jianlin Han
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, University of the Basque Country San Sebastián Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao Spain
| | | | - Ramin Javahershenas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University Urmia Iran
| | - Ata Makarem
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany
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Saeed K, Rafiq M, Khalid M, Hussain A, Siddique F, Hanif M, Hussain S, Mahmood K, Ameer N, Ahmed MM, Ali Khan M, Yaqub M, Jabeen M. Synthesis, characterization, computational assay and anti-inflammatory activity of thiosemicarbazone derivatives: Highly potent and efficacious for COX inhibitors. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111259. [PMID: 37992446 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Multiple studies in the literature have demonstrated that synthetic compounds containing heterocyclic rings possess a reparative potential against acute and chronic inflammation. In the present study, two novel thiosemicarbazone derivatives based on l-ethyl-6-(thiophen-2-yl)indoline-2,3-dione with different phenyl substituted thiosemicarbazides were synthesized by condensation reaction and the structures of proposed target compounds (KP-2 and KP-5) were confirmed by UV-VIS, FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. In-vitro anti-inflammatory behavior of KP-2 and KP-5 was confirmed by bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ovine serum albumin (OSA) analysis. Acute and chronic anti-inflammatory potential of synthesized compounds were evaluated by using carrageenan and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) as inflammation-inducing agents, respectively. Inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators and prevention of protein denaturation owing to synchronization of more electronegative flouro-groups substituted on phenyl rings along with heterocyclic indoline ring provides anti-inflammatory effects and are corroborated by radiological, histopathological analysis. Additional support was provided through density functional theory (DFT) and molecular docking. KP-5 exhibited excellent lead-likeness based on its physicochemical parameters, making it a viable drug candidate. The synthesized compounds also showed promising ADMET properties, enhancing their potential as therapeutic agents. These findings emphasize the pivotal role of new compounds for drug design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinza Saeed
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Department of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Ajaz Hussain
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Farhan Siddique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Saghir Hussain
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Nabeela Ameer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Ali Khan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yaqub
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Jabeen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
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Choudhari RC, Kaur K, Das A, Jaitak V. Synthesis, and In-silico Studies of Indole-chalcone Derivatives Targeting Estrogen Receptor Alpha (ER-α) for Breast Cancer. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2024; 20:640-652. [PMID: 37888813 DOI: 10.2174/0115734099263650230926053750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the prominent reason of death in women worldwide, and the cases are increasing day by day. There are many FDA-approved drugs for treating breast cancer. Due to drug resistance, and problems in selectivity, there is a need to develop more effective agents with few side effects. Indole derivatives have demonstrated significant pharmacological potential as anti-breast cancer agents. Further, chalcone derivatives incorporating heterocyclic scaffolds play a significant role in medicine. Indole-chalcone-based compounds offer the potential for improved biological activity and enhanced drug-like properties. It prompted us to explore the synthesis of Indole-Chalcone derivatives targeting estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) to discover potent anti-breast cancer agents. OBJECTIVES To synthesize indole-chalcone derivatives and study their binding interactions for ER-α protein by molecular docking for breast cancer treatment. METHODS In this study, indole-chalcone derivatives have been synthesized using conventional heating. With the help of Schrodinger software, molecular interaction as well as ADME (Adsorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) studies of the compounds were conducted. RESULTS Among all the synthesized compounds, four compounds (1, 2, 3, and 4) showed better docking scores (-10.24 kcal/mol, -10.15 kcal/mol, -9.40 kcal/mol, -9.29 kcal/mol, respectively) than the standard tamoxifen (-8.43 kcal/mol). CONCLUSION From In-silico studies, we can conclude that four compounds from the synthesized series fit into the active site of ER-α. ADME properties of synthesized derivatives were found in the acceptable range. In the future, these compounds can be further explored for biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Charudatta Choudhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda (Pb), 151401, India
| | - Kamalpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda (Pb), 151401, India
| | - Agnidipta Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda (Pb), 151401, India
| | - Vikas Jaitak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda (Pb), 151401, India
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Dos Santos JC, Alves JEF, de Azevedo RDS, de Lima ML, de Oliveira Silva MR, da Silva JG, da Silva JM, de Carvalho Correia AC, do Carmo Alves de Lima M, de Oliveira JF, de Moura RO, de Almeida SMV. Study of nitrogen heterocycles as DNA/HSA binder, topoisomerase inhibitors and toxicological safety. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127651. [PMID: 37949265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Four new nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivatives (acridine, quinoline, indole, pyridine) were synthesized and their biological properties were evaluated. The compounds showed affinity for DNA and HSA, with CAIC and CAAC displaying higher binding constants (Kb) of 9.54 × 104 and 1.06 × 106, respectively. The fluorescence quenching assay (Ksv) revealed suppression values ranging from 0.34 to 0.64 × 103 M-1 for ethidium bromide (EB) and 0.1 to 0.34 × 103 M-1 for acridine orange (AO). Molecular docking confirmed the competition of the derivatives with intercalation probes at the same binding site. At 10 μM concentrations, the derivatives inhibited topoisomerase IIα activity. In the antiproliferative assays, the compounds demonstrated activity against MCF-7 and T47-D tumor cells and nonhemolytic profile. Regarding toxicity, no acute effects were observed in the embryos. However, some compounds caused enzymatic and cardiac changes, particularly the CAIC, which increased SOD activity and altered heart rate compared to the control. These findings suggest potential antitumor action of the derivatives and indicate that substituting the acridine core with different cores does not interfere with their interaction and topoisomerase inhibition. Further investigations are required to assess possible toxicological effects, including reactive oxygen species generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Celerino Dos Santos
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Multicampi Garanhuns, Garanhuns, PE 55290-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maksuelly Libanio de Lima
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Multicampi Garanhuns, Garanhuns, PE 55290-000, Brazil
| | | | - Josefa Gerlane da Silva
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Multicampi Garanhuns, Garanhuns, PE 55290-000, Brazil
| | - Jamire Muriel da Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Synthesis and Vectorization of Molecules, State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campus Campina Grande, 58429-500, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Maria do Carmo Alves de Lima
- Chemistry and Therapeutic Innovation Laboratory (LQIT), Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Olímpio de Moura
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Synthesis and Vectorization of Molecules, State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campus Campina Grande, 58429-500, PB, Brazil
| | - Sinara Mônica Vitalino de Almeida
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Multicampi Garanhuns, Garanhuns, PE 55290-000, Brazil; Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Chemistry and Therapeutic Innovation Laboratory (LQIT), Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Philoppes JN, Abdelgawad MA, Abourehab MAS, Sebak M, A. Darwish M, Lamie PF. Novel N-methylsulfonyl-indole derivatives: biological activity and COX-2/5-LOX inhibitory effect with improved gastro protective profile and reduced cardio vascular risks. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:246-266. [DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2145283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John N. Philoppes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohamed Sebak
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A. Darwish
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Phoebe F. Lamie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Liu G, Zheng M, Tian R, Zhou Y. Site-Selective Synthesis of Antitumor C5-Aminated Indoles via Neighboring Aldehyde Group Assisted Catellani Reaction. Org Lett 2023; 25:9231-9236. [PMID: 38105532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
A palladium/norbornene (NBE) cooperative catalytic system was developed to access C5-aminated indoles, starting from readily available C4-idonated indoles. Good yields and exclusive site selectivity were achieved for a broad substrate scope, including drug molecule core architectures. Control experiments found that both aldehyde on the C3 position and sulfonyl protecting group on the N1 position were vital for the transformation. Preliminary bioactivity evaluation identified a promising leading compound 3af with potent antitumor proliferative activity against several cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyuan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mengzhu Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Rong Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yirong Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Duan SF, Song L, Guo HY, Deng H, Huang X, Shen QK, Quan ZS, Yin XM. Research status of indole-modified natural products. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:2535-2563. [PMID: 38107170 PMCID: PMC10718587 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00560g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Indole is a heterocyclic compound formed by the fusion of a benzene ring and pyrrole ring, which has rich biological activity. Many indole-containing compounds have been sold on the market due to their excellent pharmacological activity. For example, vincristine and reserpine have been widely used in clinical practice. The diverse structures and biological activities of natural products provide abundant resources for the development of new drugs. Therefore, this review classifies natural products by structure, and summarizes the research progress of indole-containing natural product derivatives, their biological activities, structure-activity relationship and research mechanism which has been studied in the past 13 years, so as to provide a basis for the development of new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Fang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University Yanji 133002 China +86 0433 243 6020 +86 0433 243 6019
| | - Lei Song
- Yanbian University Hospital, Yanbian University Yanji 133002 People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University Yanji 133002 China +86 0433 243 6020 +86 0433 243 6019
| | - Hao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University Yanji 133002 China +86 0433 243 6020 +86 0433 243 6019
| | - Xing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University Yanji 133002 China +86 0433 243 6020 +86 0433 243 6019
| | - Qing-Kun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University Yanji 133002 China +86 0433 243 6020 +86 0433 243 6019
| | - Zhe-Shan Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University Yanji 133002 China +86 0433 243 6020 +86 0433 243 6019
| | - Xiu-Mei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University Yanji 133002 China +86 0433 243 6020 +86 0433 243 6019
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Devi MR, Ummalyma SB, Brockmann A, Raina V, Rajashekar Y. Nutritional properties of giant water bug, Lethocerus indicus a traditional edible insect species of North-East India. Bioengineered 2023; 14:2252669. [PMID: 37642337 PMCID: PMC10467525 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2252669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible insects play an important role in human health and food security. Among those, the Giant water bug, Lethocerus indicus (Lep.& Ser.) is a widely used edible insect known for its aroma, flavor, and therapeutic purposes. In the present study, we investigated the nutritional profile, natural habitat, and feeding behavior of L. indicus in aquarium conditions. A comparative analysis of male and female insects' aroma contents and fatty acid (FA) profiles was also conducted. A dry fried male insect yielded volatile oil of 0.96%/2 g body weight, whereas a dry fried female yielded 0.48%/5.36 g of body weight. In terms of lipids, fresh male insects had 0.15%/5.42 g of body weight and fresh female insects had 0.28%/9.48 g of body weight. There are 24 volatile compounds specific to males, 37 specific to females, and 13 commons to both were identified. 2-Hexen-1-ol, acetate, (Z)- which smells like banana, was prevalently found in males while 4-Octene, 2,6-dimethyl-, [S-(Z)] was prevalently found in female insects. Fatty acids profile analysis detected 32 FA with 12 unique FA from males whereas 22 FA and 3 unique FA were identified from female insects. The SFA percentage present in males and females was 77.44% and 85.21%. Males had 6.78% MUFA content while females have 4.75%. Males have 18% PUFA content enriched with DHA, and EPA, while females had 10.04%. This study revealed that with the presence of a banana-like smell of volatile compound and more MUFA and PUFA in males, the native people of North-East India preferred male over female insects for entomophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutum R. Devi
- Insect Bioresources Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, Imphal, Manipur, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sabeela B. Ummalyma
- Insect Bioresources Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Axel Brockmann
- National Center for Biological Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (NCBS-TIFR), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vishakha Raina
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Yallappa Rajashekar
- Insect Bioresources Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, Imphal, Manipur, India
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Arora R, Mirabi B, Durant AG, Bozal-Ginesta C, Marchese AD, Aspuru-Guzik A, Lautens M. Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Linked Bis-Heterocycles─Synthesis and Investigation of Photophysical Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 38039391 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed domino C-N coupling/Cacchi reaction is reported. Design of photoluminescent bis-heterocycles, aided by density functional theory calculations, was performed with synthetic yields up to 98%. The photophysical properties of the products accessed via this strategy were part of a comprehensive study that led to broad emission spectra and quantum yields of up to 0.59. Mechanistic experiments confirmed bromoalkynes as competent intermediates, and a density functional theory investigation suggests a pathway involving initial oxidative addition into the cis C-Br bond of the gem-dihaloolefin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Arora
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Bijan Mirabi
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Andrew G Durant
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Carlota Bozal-Ginesta
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Austin D Marchese
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark Lautens
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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Verma K, Mishra M, Maharana PK, Bhattacharyya H, Saha S, Punniyamurthy T. Sc(OTf) 3-Catalyzed Domino C-C/C-N Bond Formation of Aziridines with Quinones via Radical Pathway. Org Lett 2023; 25:7933-7938. [PMID: 37874042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Sc(III)-catalyzed domino C-C and C-N bond formation of N-sulfonyl aziridines with quinones has been accomplished to furnish functionalized indolines at a moderate temperature. The umpolung reactivity of aziridines, radical pathway, mild reaction conditions, substrate scope, and coupling of drug molecules in a postsynthetic application are the important practical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitiz Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Manmath Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar Maharana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Hemanga Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Sharajit Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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44
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Kee Cheng J, Tan B. Chiral Phosphoric Acid-Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Compounds Involving Indole Derivatives. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300147. [PMID: 37358342 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Indoles are one of the most ubiquitous subclass of N-heterocycles and are increasingly incorporated to design new axially chiral scaffolds. The rich profile of reactivity and N-H functionality allow chemical derivatization for enhanced medicinal, material and catalytic properties. Although asymmetric C-C coupling of two arenes gives the most direct access of axially chiral biaryl scaffolds, this chemistry has been the remit of metal catalysis and works efficiently on limited substrates. Our group has devoted special interest in devising novel organocatalytic arylation reactions to fabricate biaryl atropisomers. In this realm, indoles and derivatives have been reliably used as the arylation partners in combination with azoarenes, nitrosonapthalenes and quinone derivatives. Their efficient interaction with chiral phosphoric acid catalyst as well as the tunability of electronics and sterics have enabled excellent control of stereo-, chemo- and regioselectivity to furnish diverse scaffolds. In addition, indoles could act as nucleophiles in desymmetrization of 1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diones. This account provides a succinct illustration of these developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kee Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Bresciani G, Cervinka J, Kostrhunova H, Biancalana L, Bortoluzzi M, Pampaloni G, Novohradsky V, Brabec V, Marchetti F, Kasparkova J. N-Indolyl diiron vinyliminium complexes exhibit antiproliferative effects in cancer cells associated with disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis, ROS scavenging, and antioxidant activity. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 385:110742. [PMID: 37802407 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The indole scaffold has been established as a key organic moiety for developing new drugs; on the other hand, a range of diiron bis-cyclopentadienyl complexes have recently emerged for their promising anticancer potential. Here, we report the synthesis of novel diiron complexes with an indole-functionalized vinyliminium ligand (2-5) and an indole-lacking analogue for comparative purposes (6), which were characterized by analytical and spectroscopic techniques. Complexes 2-6 are substantially stable in DMSO‑d6 and DMEM-d solutions at 37 °C (8% average degradation after 48 h) and display a balanced hydrophilic/lipophilic behaviour (LogPow values in the range -0.32 to 0.47), associated with appreciable water solubility. The complexes display selective antiproliferative potency towards several cancer cells in monolayer cultures, mainly in the low micromolar range, with reduced toxicity towards noncancerous epithelial cells. Thus, the cytotoxicity of the complexes is comparable to or better than clinically used metallopharmaceutical cisplatin. Comparing the antiproliferative activity obtained for complexes containing different ligands, we confirmed the importance of the indolyl group in the mechanism of antiproliferative activity of these complexes. Cell-based mechanistic studies suggest that the investigated diiron vinyliminium complexes (DVCs) show cytostatic rather than cytotoxic effects and subsequently induce a population of cells to undergo apoptosis. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of action involves interactions with mitochondrial DNA and proteins, the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging properties and antioxidant activity of these complexes in cancer cells. This study highlights the importance of DVCs to their cancer cell activity and reinforces their prospective therapeutic potential as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Bresciani
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jakub Cervinka
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61200, Brno, Czech Republic; Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kostrhunova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lorenzo Biancalana
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Bortoluzzi
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Via Torino 155, I-30175, Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vojtech Novohradsky
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61200, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Biophysics, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61200, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Wasihun AA, Sbhatu DB, Berhe GG, Abay KH, Gebreyohannes G. Phytochemical Constituents of Adansonia digitata L. (Baobab) Fruit Pulp from Tekeze Valley, Tigrai, Ethiopia. Int J Anal Chem 2023; 2023:5591059. [PMID: 37920570 PMCID: PMC10620028 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5591059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Baobab (Adansonia digitata L) is a large tree species growing in semiarid and arid lowlands of Ethiopia and other places. The plant is valued by natives for its contributions as a cash crop and livelihood tree. Previous studies using samples from different countries have documented their phytochemical profiles and nutritional and health benefits. This study explored the phytochemical constituents and biological activities of fruit pulp extracts of baobab collected from Tekeze Valley, Tigrai, Ethiopia. To this end, qualitative phytochemical screening tests, quantitative phytochemical analyses, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis were carried out using aqueous extract. Analyses of antioxidant activities were also conducted with aqueous- and methanol-extracts using of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), and hydroxyl (OH) radical scavenging activity assays. The qualitative screening tests showed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. Quantitative analyses of these phytochemicals at 25, 50, and 100 g/mL aqueous extract resulted in 0.0252 to 0.1000% yields. Yields of flavonoids, phenols, and saponins were higher at 50 g/mL extract, while that of tannins and terpenoids were higher at 100 g/mL. GC-MS analysis resulted in 15 predominant compounds including (1,2bis(trimethylsilyl)benzene (13.17%), 2-methyl-7-phenylindole (11.75%), 2-ethylacridine (10.11%), and benz[b]-1,4-oxazepine-4(5H)-thione,2,3-dihydro-2,8-dimethyl (10.11%). Aqueous and methanol extracts showed concentration-dependent antioxidant activities. In all the assays and concentrations, the antioxidant activities of both extracts were lower than that of the ascorbic acid standard. At equal extract concentrations (e.g., 100 and 250 μg/mL), methanol extract had higher antioxidant activities than aqueous extract. The findings can encourage future initiatives towards large-scale research for compiling a complete phytochemical profile of the fruit pulp of the Ethiopian baobab.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Desta Berhe Sbhatu
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Mekelle Institute of Technology, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 1632, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Goitom Gebreyohannes Berhe
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Kiros Hagos Abay
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Mekelle Institute of Technology, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 1632, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Gebreselema Gebreyohannes
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Mekelle Institute of Technology, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 1632, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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47
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Oyoun F, Toncheva A, Henríquez LC, Grougnet R, Laoutid F, Mignet N, Alhareth K, Corvis Y. Deep Eutectic Solvents: An Eco-friendly Design for Drug Engineering. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300669. [PMID: 37463123 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
In the spirit of circular economy and sustainable chemistry, the use of environmentally friendly chemical products in pharmacy has become a hot topic. In recent years, organic solvents have been the subject of a great range of restriction policies due to their harmful effects on the environment and toxicity to human health. In parallel, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as suitable greener solvents with beneficial environmental impacts and a rich palette of physicochemical advantages related to their low cost and biocompatibility. Additionally, DESs can enable remarkable solubilizing effect for several active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), thus forming therapeutic DESs (TheDESs). In this work, special attention is paid to DESs, presenting a precise definition, classification, methods of preparation, and characterization. A description of natural DESs (NaDESs), i. e., eutectic solvents present in natural sources, is also reported. Moreover, the present review article is the first one to detail the different approaches for judiciously selecting the constituents of DESs in order to minimize the number of experiments. The role of DESs in the biomedical and pharmaceutical sectors and their impact on the development of successful therapies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feras Oyoun
- CNRS, Inserm, Chemical and Biological Techniques for Health (UTCBS), Université Paris Cité, School of Pharmacy, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75006, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Polymeric & Composite Materials, Materia Nova - Research and Innovative Center, Avenue Copernic 3, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Antoniya Toncheva
- Laboratory of Polymeric & Composite Materials, Materia Nova - Research and Innovative Center, Avenue Copernic 3, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Luis Castillo Henríquez
- CNRS, Inserm, Chemical and Biological Techniques for Health (UTCBS), Université Paris Cité, School of Pharmacy, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Raphael Grougnet
- Natural products, Analysis, Synthesis, UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Université Paris Cité, School of Pharmacy, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Fouad Laoutid
- Laboratory of Polymeric & Composite Materials, Materia Nova - Research and Innovative Center, Avenue Copernic 3, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- CNRS, Inserm, Chemical and Biological Techniques for Health (UTCBS), Université Paris Cité, School of Pharmacy, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Khair Alhareth
- CNRS, Inserm, Chemical and Biological Techniques for Health (UTCBS), Université Paris Cité, School of Pharmacy, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Yohann Corvis
- CNRS, Inserm, Chemical and Biological Techniques for Health (UTCBS), Université Paris Cité, School of Pharmacy, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75006, Paris, France
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48
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Shahid M, Punnya AJ, Babu SS, Sarkar S, Gopinath P. Dual Palladium-Photoredox-Mediated Regioselective Acylation of Carbazoles and Indolines. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13686-13698. [PMID: 37767971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
We have described a dual palladium-photoredox-catalyzed highly regioselective acylation of carbazoles and indolines using molecular oxygen as the green oxidant. The reaction shows a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Late-stage functionalization of a carprofen drug derivative, further manipulation of products, and gram-scale synthesis of the acylated products were illustrated to show the versatility of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shahid
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
| | - A J Punnya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
| | - Sakamuri Sarath Babu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
| | - Subhendu Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
| | - Purushothaman Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
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49
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Saini KK, Upadhyay RK, Kant R, Vajpayee A, Jain K, Kumar A, Kumar LS, Kumar R. Design, synthesis, molecular docking and DFT studies on novel melatonin and isatin based azole derivatives. RSC Adv 2023; 13:27525-27534. [PMID: 37720826 PMCID: PMC10500251 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05531k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to address the pressing demand for newer broad-spectrum antifungal medicines with enhanced activity, computer modelling was utilised to rationally develop newer antifungal azole-based drugs. Based on the drug and active sites of the Lanosterol 14 alpha-Demethylases (LAD) of the prominent fungal pathogen Candida albicans interaction, Novel triazole-linked melatonin and isatin derivatives 7a-d and 8a-d were synthesised using bioisosterism. Besides the experimental synthesis and subsequent characterization, the present study focused on obtaining optimised geometries, frequency calculations, and TD-DFT studies of the synthesised molecules. We also performed molecular docking studies to explore the inhibitory ability of the synthesised compounds against the active sites of the Lanosterol 14 alpha-Demethylases (LAD) of the prominent fungal pathogen Candida albicans. The binding interactions resulted in positive findings, demonstrating the involvement of the synthesised compounds in the suppression of fungal growth. Comparative analysis of the binding potential of the synthesised molecules and commercially available drug fluconazole revealed a remarkable note: the docking scores for the designed drugs 7b, 7c, and 8c are much greater than those of the fluconazole molecule. The in silico study of the designed series of drug molecules serves as an important guideline for further exploration in the quest for potent antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Kumar Saini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
- Department of Chemistry, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi Lodhi Road New Delhi 110003 India
| | - Ravindra Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi New Delhi 110021 India
| | - Ravi Kant
- Department of Chemistry, Government Post Graduate College G.B. Nagar Noida UP 201301 India
| | - Arpita Vajpayee
- Department of Physics, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi Lodhi Road New Delhi 110003 India
| | - Kalpana Jain
- Department of Physics, D. J. College Baraut UP 250611 India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi Lodhi Road New Delhi 110003 India
| | - Lalita S Kumar
- Chemistry Discipline, School of Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Open University New Delhi 110068 India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
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50
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Fnaiche A, Bueno B, McMullin CL, Gagnon A. On the Barton Copper-Catalyzed C3-Arylation of Indoles using Triarylbismuth bis(trifluoroacetate) Reagents. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202200465. [PMID: 36843381 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
We disclose herein our detailed investigation into the Barton copper-promoted C3-arylation of indoles using triarylbismuth bis(trifluoroacetates). The arylation of unsubstituted 1H-indole using Barton's conditions gave a low yield of the C3-arylated indole, along with small amounts of the product of double C2/C3-arylation and traces of the product of C2 arylation. On the contrary, the arylation of indoles blocked at the C2 position is highly efficient, affording the desired products of C3-arylation in good to excellent yields. The reaction operates under simple conditions, shows good substrate scope, excellent functional group compatibility, and allows the transfer of electron-neutral or deficient aryl groups. Computational studies propose a mechanism involving a trifluoroacetate-assisted C-H activation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fnaiche
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bianca Bueno
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Claire L McMullin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Alexandre Gagnon
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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