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Yang C, Yu Y, An J. Effect of High-Sucrose Diet on the Occurrence and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy and Dietary Modification Strategies. Nutrients 2024; 16:1393. [PMID: 38732638 PMCID: PMC11085904 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
As the most serious of the many worse new pathological changes caused by diabetes, there are many risk factors for the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). They mainly include hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and so on. Among them, hyperglycemia is the most critical cause, and plays a vital role in the pathological changes of DR. High-sucrose diets (HSDs) lead to elevated blood glucose levels in vivo, which, through oxidative stress, inflammation, the production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cause plenty of pathological damages to the retina and ultimately bring about loss of vision. The existing therapies for DR primarily target the terminal stage of the disease, when irreversible visual impairment has appeared. Therefore, early prevention is particularly critical. The early prevention of DR-related vision loss requires adjustments to dietary habits, mainly by reducing sugar intake. This article primarily discusses the risk factors, pathophysiological processes and molecular mechanisms associated with the development of DR caused by HSDs. It aims to raise awareness of the crucial role of diet in the occurrence and progression of DR, promote timely changes in dietary habits, prevent vision loss and improve the quality of life. The aim is to make people aware of the importance of diet in the occurrence and progression of DR. According to the dietary modification strategies that we give, patients can change their poor eating habits in a timely manner to avoid theoretically avoidable retinopathy and obtain an excellent prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China;
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou 325101, China
| | - Yifei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianhong An
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China;
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou 325101, China
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Behnoush AH, Khalaji A, Shokri Varniab Z, Rahbarghazi A, Amini E, Klisic A. Urinary and circulatory netrin-1 as biomarker in diabetes and its related complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocrine 2024; 84:328-344. [PMID: 37996774 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03598-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel biomarkers have been suggested for the diagnosis and prognosis of diabetes mellitus. The biomarker utility of netrin-1 in diabetes as an extracellular protein has been investigated. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we reviewed the role of netrin-1 as a biomarker in prediabetes, diabetes, and complications of diabetes. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched for studies that measured circulatory and/or urinary netrin-1 levels in diabetes and compared them with non-diabetic patients or evaluated the prognostic role of this marker. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using random-effect meta-analysis to compare netrin-1 levels between groups. The impact of mean age, male sex percentage, sample size, mean body mass index, and publication year on the overall heterogeneity was assessed using meta-regression. RESULTS Among 413 records from international databases, 19 original studies were included with 2061 cases (1137 diabetics, 196 prediabetics, and 728 healthy controls). Meta-analysis of eight studies measuring netrin-1 in patients with diabetes and comparing it with healthy controls showed no significant difference between the two groups (SMD 0.69, 95% CI -0.78 to 2.16, I2 = 98%, p-value = 0.36). On the other hand, a meta-analysis of netrin-1 levels in patients with prediabetes in comparison with healthy controls revealed that they had lower levels (SMD -0.51, 95% CI -0.81 to -0.21, p-value < 0.01). Diabetic patients with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria had significantly higher circulatory netrin-1 levels compared to normoalbuminuric group SMD 1.18, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.53, p-value < 0.01 and SMD 1.67, 95% CI 0.76 to 2.58, p-value < 0.01, respectively). Moreover, no difference in urinary netrin-1 levels was found between micro-, macro-, and normoalbuminuric groups (p-value > 0.05). CONCLUSION Netrin-1 showed promising results as a biomarker in diabetes prognosis. However, more studies are required to confirm our findings, and higher sample size studies are needed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of this marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Behnoush
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirmohammad Khalaji
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Shokri Varniab
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Rahbarghazi
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Educational Science and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabil, Ardabil, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elahe Amini
- Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aleksandra Klisic
- University of Montenegro-Faculty of Medicine, Podgorica, Montenegro
- Center for Laboratory Diagnostics, Primary Health Care Center, Podgorica, Montenegro
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Herb M. NADPH Oxidase 3: Beyond the Inner Ear. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:219. [PMID: 38397817 PMCID: PMC10886416 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were formerly known as mere byproducts of metabolism with damaging effects on cellular structures. The discovery and description of NADPH oxidases (Nox) as a whole enzyme family that only produce this harmful group of molecules was surprising. After intensive research, seven Nox isoforms were discovered, described and extensively studied. Among them, the NADPH oxidase 3 is the perhaps most underrated Nox isoform, since it was firstly discovered in the inner ear. This stigma of Nox3 as "being only expressed in the inner ear" was also used by me several times. Therefore, the question arose whether this sentence is still valid or even usable. To this end, this review solely focuses on Nox3 and summarizes its discovery, the structural components, the activating and regulating factors, the expression in cells, tissues and organs, as well as the beneficial and detrimental effects of Nox3-mediated ROS production on body functions. Furthermore, the involvement of Nox3-derived ROS in diseases progression and, accordingly, as a potential target for disease treatment, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Herb
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany;
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany
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Biswas A, Choudhury AD, Agrawal S, Bisen AC, Sanap SN, Verma SK, Kumar M, Mishra A, Kumar S, Chauhan M, Bhatta RS. Recent Insights into the Etiopathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Management. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2024; 40:13-33. [PMID: 37733327 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2023.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular retinal disease associated with chronic diabetes mellitus, characterized by the damage of blood vessels in the eye. It is projected to become the leading cause of blindness, given the increasing burden of the diabetic population worldwide. The diagnosis and management of DR pose significant challenges for physicians because of the involvement of multiple biochemical pathways and the complexity of ocular tissues. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of DR, including the polyo pathway, hexosamine pathway, protein kinase C (PKC), JAK/STAT signaling pathways, and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Methods: Academic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science was systematically searched using a carefully constructed search strategy incorporating keywords like "Diabetic Retinopathy," "Molecular Pathways," "Pharmacological Treatments," and "Clinical Trials" to identify relevant literature for the comprehensive review. Results: In addition to activating other inflammatory cascades, these pathways contribute to the generation of oxidative stress within the retina. Furthermore, it aims to explore the existing pharmacotherapy options available for the treatment of DR. In addition to conventional pharmacological therapies such as corticosteroids, antivascular endothelial growth factors, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), this review highlights the potential of repurposed drugs, phyto-pharmaceuticals, and novel pipeline drugs currently undergoing various stages of clinical trials. Conclusion: Overall, this review serves as a technical exploration of the complex nature of DR, highlighting both established and emerging molecular pathways implicated in its pathogenesis. Furthermore, it delves into the available pharmacological treatments, as well as the promising repurposed drugs, phyto-pharmaceuticals, and novel drugs currently being evaluated in clinical trials, with a focus on their specific mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpon Biswas
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhijit Deb Choudhury
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sristi Agrawal
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Amol Chhatrapati Bisen
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sachin Nashik Sanap
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarvesh Kumar Verma
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Anjali Mishra
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivansh Kumar
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Mridula Chauhan
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Rabi Sankar Bhatta
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Spinetta R, Petrillo F, Reibaldi M, Tortori A, Mazzoni M, Metrangolo C, Gelormini F, Ricardi F, Giordano A. Intravitreal DEX Implant for the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema: A Review of National Consensus. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2461. [PMID: 37896220 PMCID: PMC10610055 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic macular edema (DME)'s therapeutic approach can frequently be challenging. The purpose of the review is to propose evidence-based recommendations on the employment of intravitreal dexamethasone implants (DEX) when approaching patients suffering from DME. Seven national consensuses redacted by different groups of retina specialists from Europe and Asia were examined and confronted. Each consensus was redacted utilizing a Delphi approach, in person meetings, or by reviewing the literature. DEX can be studied as a first-line strategy in individuals suffering from DME with inflammatory OCT biomarkers, in vitrectomized eyes, in patients with recent cardiovascular events, in pregnant women, in patients scheduled to undergo cataract surgery or with poor compliance. The other parameters considered were the indications to the DME treatment, when to switch to DEX, the definition of non-responder to anti-VEGFs agents and to the DEX implant, whether to combine DEX with laser photocoagulation, the association between glaucoma and DEX, and the management of DEX and the cataract. Although several years have passed since the introduction of DEX implants in the DME treatment, there is still not a unified agreement among retina specialists. This paper compares the approach in the DME treatment between countries from different continents and provides a broader and worldwide perspective of the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Petrillo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Eye Clinic, Turin University, 10024 Turin, Italy; (M.R.); (F.G.); (F.R.)
| | - Michele Reibaldi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Eye Clinic, Turin University, 10024 Turin, Italy; (M.R.); (F.G.); (F.R.)
| | - Antonia Tortori
- Ophthalmology Unit, Surgery Department, Piacenza Hospital, 29121 Piacenza, Italy;
| | - Maria Mazzoni
- University Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy;
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cristian Metrangolo
- Ophthalmology Unit, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, ASST Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Francesco Gelormini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Eye Clinic, Turin University, 10024 Turin, Italy; (M.R.); (F.G.); (F.R.)
| | - Federico Ricardi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Eye Clinic, Turin University, 10024 Turin, Italy; (M.R.); (F.G.); (F.R.)
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
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Reynolds L, Luo Z, Singh K. Diabetic complications and prospective immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1219598. [PMID: 37483613 PMCID: PMC10360133 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1219598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Diabetes Mellitus is increasing globally. Individuals who have been burdened with diabetes for many years often develop complications as a result of hyperglycemia. More and more research is being conducted highlighting inflammation as an important factor in disease progression. In all kinds of diabetes, hyperglycemia leads to activation of alternative glucose metabolic pathways, resulting in problematic by-products including reactive oxygen species and advanced glycation end products. This review takes a look into the pathogenesis of three specific diabetic complications; retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy as well as their current treatment options. By considering recent research papers investigating the effects of immunotherapy on relevant conditions in animal models, multiple strategies are suggested for future treatment and prevention of diabetic complications with an emphasis on molecular targets associated with the inflammation.
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Wang J, Wei F, Wang Y, Liu Q, He R, Huang Y, Wei K, Xie X, Zhang M. Exploring the quality markers and mechanism of Bushen Huoxue Prescription in prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy based on Chinmedomics strategy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 306:116131. [PMID: 36610675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chinese herbal medicines have complex chemical composition; therefore, revealing the effective substances of Chinese herbal medicine becomes a prerequisite for scientific elucidation of the mechanism of action of Bushen Huoxue Prescription (BHP) against diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the development of new drugs. AIM OF THE STUDY The Chinmedomics technique was used to evaluate the pharmacodynamic ingredients and mechanism of action of BHP against DR rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The overall physiological condition of the rats, including body weight, blood glucose, inflammatory factor levels, histological staining, and urine metabolic profile were examined to evaluate the model and its effects. The chemical composition of BHP in vivo and ex vivo was fully analyzed utilizing UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS in conjunction with TCM serum pharmacochemistry. Finally, correlation analysis between biomarkers, and serum migration components was used to identify Quality markers (Q-markers) that were significantly associated with effectiveness. RESULTS The UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS platform was used to identify a total of 29 chemicals in serum, 17 of which were highly linked with effectiveness and can be potentially employed as pharmacodynamic substances for BHP against DR. In addition, 14 biomarkers related to galactose metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism were identified. These pathways reveal that DR may be inextricably linked to levels of oxidative stress and inflammation in the organism. Finally, five active ingredients were identified as potential Q-markers of BHP against DR, namely ajugol, protocatechuic acid, tanshinone IIA, panaxatriol and puerarin. CONCLUSION This study successfully clarified the efficacy and Q-markers of BHP through the Chinmedomics strategy, which is of great significance in determining the quality standards of BHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Fangyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Qingze Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Runxi He
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, PR China.
| | - Yuxia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Kuang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Xuejun Xie
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, PR China.
| | - Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
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Batıoğlu F, Yanık Ö, Saatçi AO, Eldem B, Akkın C, Afrashi F, Özdemir H, Menteş J, Güngör K, Karabaş L, Karaçorlu M, Demircan N, Koçak N, Kır N, Ünlü N, Avcı R, Arvas S, Dündar SO, Kadayıfçılar S, Kaynak S, Özdek Ş, Ovalı T. Expert recommendations for the management of diabetic macular edema with intravitreal dexamethasone implant: A Turkish Delphi study. Eur J Ophthalmol 2023; 33:398-407. [PMID: 35924358 DOI: 10.1177/11206721221117695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide consensus on the clinical use of intravitreal dexamethasone (DEX) implant for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) in Turkey. METHODS A panel of 22 retina experts prepared 77 statements of recommendation, and 80 retinal specialists practicing in Turkey were chosen to vote either in support or against each one. A Delphi-based method was used through which the ophthalmologists were able to view all of the results anonymously after two rounds and modify their subsequent answers. The survey was conducted via a mini website, and statements without consensus were resent to the specialists with the latest vote results a week later. RESULTS A total of 72 ophthalmologists answered the first and second round questions. After the first stage, consensus was achieved on 55 of the statements, leaving 22 without agreement. After the second stage, consensus was reached on 11 of the remaining statements. Strong consensus was achieved on statements regarding the etiopathogenesis of DME and the first-line indications and safety of the DEX implant procedure. The panel recommended the use of DEX implant for patients with an arterial thromboembolic event in the last three months and also agreed that pro re nata DEX implant treatment not only provides better outcomes for DME patients but also reduces the treatment burden for those who could not receive an adequate number of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections. CONCLUSION This study provides clinical consensus and recommendations about the use of DEX implant in the clinical practice of DME management in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Figen Batıoğlu
- 63990Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özge Yanık
- 63990Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Bora Eldem
- 64005Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cezmi Akkın
- 37509Ege University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Filiz Afrashi
- 37509Ege University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hakan Özdemir
- 221265Bezmialem Vakif University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Jale Menteş
- 37509Ege University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Kıvanç Güngör
- 64068Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Levent Karabaş
- 52980Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | - Nihal Demircan
- 63988Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Koçak
- 37508Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Nur Kır
- 37516Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurten Ünlü
- 162301Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Sema Arvas
- 37516İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Süleyman Kaynak
- 37508Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Şengül Özdek
- 37511Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tunç Ovalı
- Fulya Retina Eye Clinic, İstanbul, Turkey
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Elucidating the Neuroprotective Effect of Tecoma stans Leaf Extract in STZ-Induced Diabetic Neuropathy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3833392. [PMID: 35795278 PMCID: PMC9251095 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3833392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetes is considered one of the most encyclopedic metabolic disorders owing to an alarming rise in the number of patients, which is increasing at an exponential rate. With the current therapeutics, which only aims to provide symptomatic and momentary relief, the scientists are shifting gears to explore alternative therapies which not only can target diabetes but can also help in limiting the progression of diabetic complications including diabetic neuropathy (DN). Methods Tecoma stans leaf methanolic extract was prepared using the Soxhlet method. A streptozotocin (STZ; 45 mg/kg)-induced diabetic animal model was used and treatment with oral dosing of T. stans leaf extract at the different doses of 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and highest dose, i.e., 400 mg/kg, was initiated on day 3 after STZ administration. The pharmacological response for general and biochemical (angiogenic, inflammatory, and oxidative) parameters and behavioral parameters were compared using Gabapentin as a standard drug with the results from the test drug. Results Parameters associated with the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy were evaluated. For general parameters, different doses of T. stans extract (TSE) on blood sugar showed significant effects as compared to the diabetic group. Also, the results from biochemical analysis and behavioral parameters showed significant positive effects in line with general parameters. The combination therapy of TSE at 400 mg/kg with a standard drug produced nonsignificant effects in comparison with the normal group. Conclusion The leaves of T. stans possess antidiabetic effects along with promising effects in the management of DN by producing significant effects by exhibiting antioxidative, antiangiogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties, which are prognostic markers for DN, and thus, T. stans can be considered as an emerging therapeutic option for DN.
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Zhu D, Zou W, Cao X, Xu W, Lu Z, Zhu Y, Hu X, Hu J, Zhu Q. Ferulic acid attenuates high glucose-induced apoptosis in retinal pigment epithelium cells and protects retina in db/db mice. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13375. [PMID: 35669949 PMCID: PMC9165606 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Herein, we aimed to present evidence that Ferulic acid (FA), a phenolic acid, can alleviate high glucose (HG)-induced retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell apoptosis and protect retina in db/db mice. Methods ARPE-19 cells (a human RPE cell line) were divided into four groups: control group; HG group (30 mmol/L glucose); HG+FA group (30 mmol/L glucose and 10 mmol/L FA). Cell viability and apoptosis were detected using CCK-8 and Annexin-5 staining, respectively. Apoptosis-related markers including P53, BAX and Bcl2 were examined by RT-qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Totally, 30 male db/db mice were randomly divided into db/db group (5 ml/kg saline) and FA group (0.05 g/kg FA). After treatment for 2 months, retinal samples were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining. Moreover, immunofluorescence was used to detect apoptosis-related markers. Blood samples were collected for measuring cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Results FA treatment markedly increased cell viability and suppressed cell apoptosis of ARPE-19 cells compared to the HG-exposed group. Furthermore, FA ameliorated the abnormal expression levels of P53, BAX and Bcl2 in HG-induced ARPE-19 cells. In animal models, FA attenuated pathological changes in the retina tissues of diabetic mice. Consistent with in vitro models, FA significantly ameliorated the expression of apoptosis-related markers in retina tissues. Biochemical test results showed that FA reduced hyperlipidemia in diabetic mice. Conclusion Our findings suggest that FA alleviates HG-induced apoptosis in RPE cells and protects retina in db/db mice, which can be associated with P53 and BAX inactivation and Bcl2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejun Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ning Xia Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities, Ningxia Clinical Research Center on Diseases of Blindness in Eye), Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Wenqing Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ning Xia Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities, Ningxia Clinical Research Center on Diseases of Blindness in Eye), Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiangmei Cao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Weigang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ning Xia Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities, Ningxia Clinical Research Center on Diseases of Blindness in Eye), Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhaogang Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ning Xia Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities, Ningxia Clinical Research Center on Diseases of Blindness in Eye), Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ning Xia Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities, Ningxia Clinical Research Center on Diseases of Blindness in Eye), Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Jin Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ning Xia Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities, Ningxia Clinical Research Center on Diseases of Blindness in Eye), Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ning Xia Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities, Ningxia Clinical Research Center on Diseases of Blindness in Eye), Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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Xia Z, Yang C, Yang X, Wu S, Feng Z, Qu L, Chen X, Liu L, Ma Y. LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 is downregulated in diabetic retinopathy and promotes cell apoptosis by regulating miR-211/SIRT1. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:73. [PMID: 35570299 PMCID: PMC9107717 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00836-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the role of lncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 in diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS Plasma MCM3AP-AS1 levels in DR patients (n = 80), T2DM patients (n = 80), and Controls (n = 80) were measured by qPCR and compared using ANOVA (one-way) and Tukey test. The expressions of lncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 and miR-211 in Human retinal pigment epithelial cells (hRPE) line ARPE-19 were detected by RT-qPCR. Western blot and annexin V-FITC staining were performed to investigate the role of MCM3AP-AS1/SIRT1 in ARPE-19 cell proliferation and apoptosis in vitro. RESULTS We observed that MCM3AP-AS1 was downregulated in DR patients 25 comparing to T2D patients without significantly complications. Bioinformatics analysis showed that MCM3AP-AS1 might bind miR-211. However, no significant correlation between these two factors was observed in DR patients. Consistently, overexpression of MCM3AP-AS1 and miR-211 failed to affect the expression of each other in hRPE. Interestingly, MCM3AP-AS1 overexpression upregulated SIRT1, a target of miR-211. Moreover, MCM3AP-AS1 was downregulated in DR patients compared to type 2 diabetic mellitus patients without significant complications. In RPEs, high glucose treatment downregulated MCM3AP-AS1. Cell apoptosis analysis showed that MCM3AP-AS1 and SIRT1 overexpression decreased the apoptotic rate of RPEs, and miR-211 overexpression reduced the effect of MCM3AP-AS1 and SIRT1 overexpression. CONCLUSION MCM3AP-AS1 is downregulated in DR and promotes cell apoptosis by regulating miR-211/SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. Two Heng Road 26th, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chaoying Yang
- Department of Dermatology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. Two Heng Road 26th, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuduan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. Two Heng Road 26th, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhizhen Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. Two Heng Road 26th, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Qu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. Two Heng Road 26th, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghua Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. Two Heng Road 26th, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Linyu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. Two Heng Road 26th, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. Two Heng Road 26th, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, People's Republic of China
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Chan HN, Zhang XJ, Ling XT, Bui CHT, Wang YM, Ip P, Chu WK, Chen LJ, Tham CC, Yam JC, Pang CP. Vitamin D and Ocular Diseases: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084226. [PMID: 35457041 PMCID: PMC9032397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The contributory roles of vitamin D in ocular and visual health have long been discussed, with numerous studies pointing to the adverse effects of vitamin D deficiency. In this paper, we provide a systematic review of recent findings on the association between vitamin D and different ocular diseases, including myopia, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR), dry eye syndrome (DES), thyroid eye disease (TED), uveitis, retinoblastoma (RB), cataract, and others, from epidemiological, clinical and basic studies, and briefly discuss vitamin D metabolism in the eye. We searched two research databases for articles examining the association between vitamin D deficiency and different ocular diseases. One hundred and sixty-two studies were found. There is evidence on the association between vitamin D and myopia, AMD, DR, and DES. Overall, 17 out of 27 studies reported an association between vitamin D and AMD, while 48 out of 54 studies reported that vitamin D was associated with DR, and 25 out of 27 studies reported an association between vitamin D and DES. However, the available evidence for the association with other ocular diseases, such as glaucoma, TED, and RB, remains limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hei-Nga Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Xiu-Juan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Xiang-Tian Ling
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Christine Huyen-Trang Bui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Yu-Meng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Wai-Kit Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li-Jia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clement C. Tham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong Children’s Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jason C. Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong Children’s Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.Y.); (C.-P.P.)
| | - Chi-Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.Y.); (C.-P.P.)
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Yasir M, Senthilkumar GP, Jayashree K, Ramesh Babu K, Vadivelan M, Palanivel C. Association of serum omentin-1, apelin and chemerin concentrations with the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:313-320. [PMID: 31686535 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1680698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Omentin-1 is a novel adipokine with anti-inflammatory functions. Apelin is associated with hyperinsulinemia and pathological angiogenesis. Chemerin has both pro- and anti-inflammatory actions and implicated in insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to assess serum omentin-1, apelin and chemerin concentrations and to investigate their association with the presence and severity of DR in T2DM patients. Serum omentin-1, apelin and chemerin were measured in 112 patients with DR and 56 patients without DR. Bivariate analysis showed omentin-1 correlated negatively with hsCRP and TyG index; while apelin correlated positively with chemerin. Linear regression data showed that apelin and chemerin were independent predictors of DR severity. ROC curve revealed that omentin-1 was the best discriminant for DR while apelin was the best discriminant for vision threatening retinopathy. Serum omentin-1 concentration correlates negatively, while serum apelin and chemerin concentrations correlate positively with DR presence and severity in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Yasir
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
- Department of Biochemistry, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health & Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS), Shillong, India
| | | | - Kuppuswami Jayashree
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - K Ramesh Babu
- Department of Ophthalmology, JIPMER, Puducherry, India
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Deng W, Huang D, Xie H, Wang L, Shen Q, Zeng R, Huang Y, Li J, Yang B. Danhong injection represses diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy advancement in diabetic mice by upregulating microRNA-30d-5p and targeting JAK1. Bioengineered 2022; 13:8187-8200. [PMID: 35297304 PMCID: PMC9162027 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2006964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Danhong injection (DHI) restrains diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy (DR and DN) advancement in diabetic mice. However, the downstream mechanism of its modulation is not fully studied. Diabetic model mice (db/db mice) were intravenously injected with DHI and corresponding virus particles. MiR-30d-5p and JAK1 were detected. The body weight and fasting blood glucose mice were measured every 4 weeks. The renal tissues and serum of mice were collected, and the contents of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were biochemically analyzed. IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α were detected by ELISA, with the pathological conditions of renal tissues in mice by He staining, and the adjustment conditions by TUNEL. Human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells were selected to induce DR model in vitro by high glucose, and exposed to DHI for treatment. The corresponding plasmids were transfected, and miR-30d-5p and JAK1 were detected, with the proliferation ability by plate cloning, apoptosis by flow cytometry, and cell migration ability by Transwell. The angiogenesis ability of cells was assessed by tube formation assay. The targeting relationship between miR-30d-5p and JAK1 was detected. The results manifested that miR-30d-5p was declined in DR and DN, while JAK1 expression was elevated. DHI was able to improve DR and renal injury. DHI could regulate the miR-30d-5p-JAK1 axis in vivo, and miR-30d-5p targeted and regulated JAK1. Upregulation of miR-30d-5p or inhibition of JAK1 could improve DR and renal injury. The results implies that DHI can repress the development of DR and DN by elevating miR-30d-5p and targeting JAK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Deng
- Department of Nephrology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, 423001, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, 423001, China
| | - HongWu Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, 423001, China
| | - LiMin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, 423001, China
| | - Qun Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, 423001, China
| | - RongRong Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, 423001, China
| | - YuanLian Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, 423001, China
| | - JianHua Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, 423001, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001,China
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Discovery of Therapeutic Candidates for Diabetic Retinopathy Based on Molecular Switch Analysis: Application of a Systematic Process. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3412032. [PMID: 35035658 PMCID: PMC8758313 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3412032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is complicated, and there is no effective drug. Oxidative stress-induced human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) injury is one of the pathogenic factors for DR. Molecular switches are considered high-risk targets in disease progression. Identification of molecular switch is crucial to interpret the pathogenesis of disease and screen effective ingredients. In this study, a systematic process was executed to discover therapeutic candidates for DR based on HRMECs injury. First of all, the molecular mechanism of HRMECs oxidative stress injury was revealed by transcriptomics and network pharmacology. We found that oxidative stress was one of the pivotal pathogenic factors, which interfered with vascular system development, inflammation, cell adhesion, and cytoskeleton damaged HRMECs through crosstalk. Then, network topology analysis was used to recognize molecular switches. The results indicated that the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway was the molecular switch in HRMECs oxidative stress injury. On this basis, the HEK293-ARE overexpression cell line was applied to obtain 18 active traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) ingredients. Furthermore, andrographolide, one of the 18 candidates, was applied in the HRMECs oxidative stress model to evaluate the accuracy of the systematic process. The efficacy evaluation results showed that andrographolide could regulate oxidative stress, vascular system development, inflammation, adhesion, and skeleton tissue to inhibit HRMECs injury cooperatively. And its mechanism was related to the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Overall, our data suggest that the Nrf2 signaling pathway is the molecular switch in the HRMECs oxidative stress injury. 18 potential Nrf2 agonists are likely to be promising DR candidates.
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16
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Identification of the Relationship between Hub Genes and Immune Cell Infiltration in Vascular Endothelial Cells of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Using Bioinformatics Methods. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:7231046. [PMID: 35154512 PMCID: PMC8831064 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7231046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious ophthalmopathy that causes blindness, especially in the proliferative stage. However, the pathogenesis of its effect on endothelial cells, especially its relationship with immune cell infiltration, remains unclear. Methods The dataset GSE94019 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to obtain DEGs. Through aggregate analyses such as Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to analyze the potential function of DEGs. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and Cytoscape software including molecular complex detection (MCODE) and cytoHubba plug-ins were used to comprehensively analyze and determine the hub genes. ImmuCellAI analysis was performed to further study the relationship between samples, hub genes, and 24 types of immune cell infiltration. Finally, gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was employed to identify the enrichment of immune cell infiltration and endothelial cell phenotype modifications in GO biological processes (BP) based on the expression level of hub genes. Results 2393 DEGs were identified, of which 800 genes were downregulated, and 1593 genes were upregulated. The results of functional enrichment revealed that 1398 BP terms were significantly enriched in DEGs. Three hub genes, EEF1A1, RPL11, and RPS27A, which were identified by conjoint analysis using WGCNA and Cytoscape software, were positively correlated with the number of CD4 naive T cells and negatively correlated with the numbers of B cells. The number of CD4 naive T cells, T helper 2 (Th2) cells, and effector memory T (Tem) cells were significantly higher while CD8 naive T cells and B cells significantly were lower in the diabetic group than in the nondiabetic group. Conclusions We unearthed the DEGs and Hub genes of endothelial cells related to the pathogenesis of PDR: EEF1A1, RPL11, and RPS27A, which are highly related to each other and participate in the specific biological process of inflammation-related immune cell infiltration and endothelial cell development, chemotaxis, and proliferation, thus providing new perspectives into the diagnosis of and potential “killing two birds with one stone” targeted therapy for PDR.
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Teimouri M, Hosseini H, ArabSadeghabadi Z, Babaei-Khorzoughi R, Gorgani-Firuzjaee S, Meshkani R. The role of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. J Physiol Biochem 2022; 78:307-322. [PMID: 34988903 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00860-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance, the most important characteristic of the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is mostly caused by impairment in the insulin receptor (IR) signal transduction pathway. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), one of the main negative regulators of the IR signaling pathway, is broadly expressed in various cells and tissues. PTP1B decreases the phosphorylation of the IR resulting in insulin resistance in various tissues. The evidence for the physiological role of PTP1B in regulation of metabolic pathways came from whole-body PTP1B-knockout mice. Whole-body and tissue-specific PTP1B-knockout mice showed improvement in adiposity, insulin resistance, and glucose tolerance. In addition, the key role of PTP1B in the pathogenesis of T2DM and its complications was further investigated in mice models of PTP1B deficient/overexpression. In recent years, targeting PTP1B using PTP1B inhibitors is being considered an attractive target to treat T2DM. PTP1B inhibitors improve the sensitivity of the insulin receptor and have the ability to cure insulin resistance-related diseases. We herein summarized the biological functions of PTP1B in different tissues in vivo and in vitro. We also describe the effectiveness of potent PTP1B inhibitors as pharmaceutical agents to treat T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Teimouri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra ArabSadeghabadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Babaei-Khorzoughi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sattar Gorgani-Firuzjaee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Moriya T, Hayashi A, Matsubara M, Suzuki A, Ouchi M. Glucose control, diabetic retinopathy, and hemodialysis induction in subjects with normo-microalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients with normal renal function followed for 15 years. J Diabetes Complications 2022; 36:108080. [PMID: 34740544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.108080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS A high urinary albumin excretion (UAE) and low glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are risk factors for progressive renal function loss in type 2 diabetic patients. In addition, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is also a risk factor for progressive renal function decline in microalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients. We aimed to elucidate the factors, including DR, associated with a more severe situation of diabetic nephropathy, i.e., hemodialysis (HD) induction in normo- and microalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients without renal dysfunction. METHODS Normo- and microalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients with normal renal function whose GFRs had been measured by iohexol injection in 1995-1997 and had been followed for over 5 years were analyzed (n = 199). HbA1c levels was divided into HbA1c ≥ 7.0 (n = 146) and <7.0 (n = 53) groups. The UAE levels were classified as normoalbuminuria (NA, n = 114) and microalbuminuria (MA, n = 85). Seventy-two patients had DR, and 96 had hypertension. Patients were followed up for 15.7 ± 6.0 years and frequency of and duration to the HD induction were evaluated. RESULTS During the study period, 8 patients received HD induction. There were no remarkable differences in the rates of HD induction between patients with and without HbA1c ≥7.0, microalbuminuria, DR or hypertension. A Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that HbA1c ≥7.0 (p = 0.037) and DR (p = 0.037) were associated with a significantly higher risk of HD induction than HbA1c <7.0 and no DR, respectively while albuminuria grade and hypertension were not associated with the risk of HD induction. There was significant negative correlation between HbA1c and annual decline rate of eGFR and annual decline rate of eGFR in the patients with prepro-proliferative DR (PDR) was significantly higher than that in the patients without DR. In the multivariate analysis, HbA1c and PDR showed significant relationships with the annual decline rate of eGFR. CONCLUSIONS It was reasonable that poorer glycemic control affected HD induction for 16 years follow-up. However, DR, especially PDR, should also be considered a substantial risk factor for HD induction although microalbuminuria and hypertension did not predict it at the early stage of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients with normal renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsumi Moriya
- Health Care Center, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Akinori Hayashi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Akihiko Suzuki
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motoshi Ouchi
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
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Yan H, Yao P, Hu K, Li X, Li H. Long non-coding ribonucleic acid urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 promotes high glucose-induced human retinal endothelial cells angiogenesis through regulating micro-ribonucleic acid-624-3p/vascular endothelial growth factor C. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1948-1957. [PMID: 34137197 PMCID: PMC8565426 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Emerging evidence has indicated that long non-coding ribonucleic acids play important roles in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR). It is reported that urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1) is highly expressed in diabetic lymphoendothelial cells and influences glucose metabolism in rats with DR. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of UCA1 in the mechanism of DR. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gene expression analyses in fibrovascular membranes excised from patients with DR using public microarray datasets (GSE60436). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was carried out to detect UCA1, micro-ribonucleic acid (miR)-624-3p and vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) expressions in the blood of patients and human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs). Furthermore, Cell Counting kit-8, Transwell assay, and tube formation assay were used to identify biological effects of UCA1 on HRECs proliferation, migration ability and angiogenesis in vitro. RESULTS UCA1 and VEGF-C were elevated in DR patients and high glucose-induced HRECs cell lines, whereas miR-624-3p was decreased. UCA1 inhibition inhibited proliferation, angiogenesis and migration of HRECs cells under high-glucose condition. Luciferase reporter assay showed that UCA1 could sponge with miR-624-3p, which could directly target VEGF-C. Finally, we proved a pathway that UCA1 promoted cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis through sponging with miR-624-3p, thereby upregulating VEGF-C in high-glucose-induced HRECs. CONCLUSIONS We identified UCA1 as an important factor associated with DR, which could regulate the expression of VEGF-C by sponging miR-624-3p in human retinal endothelial cells. Our results pave the way for further studies on diagnostic and therapeutic studies related to UCA1 in DR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Yan
- Ophthalmology DepartmentChongqing Yubei District People's HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Panpan Yao
- Department of OphthalmologyChangzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ke Hu
- Ophthalmology Departmentthe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xueyao Li
- Ophthalmology DepartmentChongqing Yubei District People's HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Hong Li
- Ophthalmology Departmentthe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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Szałabska-Rąpała K, Borymska W, Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak I. Effectiveness of Magnolol, a Lignan from Magnolia Bark, in Diabetes, Its Complications and Comorbidities-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10050. [PMID: 34576213 PMCID: PMC8467064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by disturbances in carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism, often accompanied by oxidative stress. Diabetes treatment is a complicated process in which, in addition to the standard pharmacological action, it is necessary to append a comprehensive approach. Introducing the aspect of non-pharmacological treatment of diabetes allows one to alleviate its many adverse complications. Therefore, it seems important to look for substances that, when included in the daily diet, can improve diabetic parameters. Magnolol, a polyphenolic compound found in magnolia bark, is known for its health-promoting activities and multidirectional beneficial effects on the body. Accordingly, the goal of this review is to systematize the available scientific literature on its beneficial effects on type 2 diabetes and its complications. Taking the above into consideration, the article collects data on the favorable effects of magnolol on parameters related to glycemia, lipid metabolism, or oxidative stress in the course of diabetes. After careful analysis of many scientific articles, it can be concluded that this lignan is a promising agent supporting the conventional therapies with antidiabetic drugs in order to manage diabetes and diabetes-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Szałabska-Rąpała
- Doctoral School of the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Weronika Borymska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (W.B.); (I.K.-S.)
| | - Ilona Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (W.B.); (I.K.-S.)
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Abstract
Epigenetics examines heritable changes in DNA and its associated proteins except mutations in gene sequence. Epigenetic regulation plays fundamental roles in kidney cell biology through the action of DNA methylation, chromatin modification via epigenetic regulators and non-coding RNA species. Kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, diabetic kidney disease and renal fibrosis are multistep processes associated with numerous molecular alterations even in individual kidney cells. Epigenetic alterations, including anomalous DNA methylation, aberrant histone alterations and changes of microRNA expression all contribute to kidney pathogenesis. These changes alter the genome-wide epigenetic signatures and disrupt essential pathways that protect renal cells from uncontrolled growth, apoptosis and development of other renal associated syndromes. Molecular changes impact cellular function within kidney cells and its microenvironment to drive and maintain disease phenotype. In this chapter, we briefly summarize epigenetic mechanisms in four kidney diseases including acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, diabetic kidney disease and renal fibrosis. We primarily focus on current knowledge about the genome-wide profiling of DNA methylation and histone modification, and epigenetic regulation on specific gene(s) in the pathophysiology of these diseases and the translational potential of identifying new biomarkers and treatment for prevention and therapy. Incorporating epigenomic testing into clinical research is essential to elucidate novel epigenetic biomarkers and develop precision medicine using emerging therapies.
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Zhu J, Zheng X. Clinical value of INSL3 in the diagnosis and development of diabetic nephropathy. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23898. [PMID: 34233048 PMCID: PMC8418484 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin‐like factor 3 (INSL3) was stated to be an essential regulator in many diseases. This present study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of INSL3 in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods The serum samples were obtained from 121 DN patients, 67 T2DM patients, and 44 healthy controls. Twenty SD rats were used to establish the DN model in vivo. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot were completed to analyze the INSL3 expression in cells, serum samples, and kidney of the rats. The structure of kidney was analyzed by HE staining. The diagnostic values of INSL3 in DN were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) assay. Then, Spearman's correlation analysis was executed to verify the association between INSL3 and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Finally, the proliferation and apoptosis status of transfected cells were analyzed by MTT, flow cytometry, and Hoechst33258 staining assay. Results We found that INSL3 expression was up‐regulated in DN patients and SV40‐MES‐13 cells. Furthermore, the correlation analysis elucidated that INSL3 expression was negatively correlated with DN diagnosis golden criterion eGFR. INSL3 knockdown promoted the proliferation rate and inhibited the apoptosis rate of SV40‐MES‐13 cells after high‐glucose treatment. Finally, the INSL3 expression and fast blood glucose were up‐regulated in DN rats. Conclusions Collectively, this study demonstrated the clinical significance of INSL3 in diagnosing and developing DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Department of Health Management Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zheng
- Department of Health Management Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Franzone F, Nebbioso M, Pergolizzi T, Attanasio G, Musacchio A, Greco A, Limoli PG, Artico M, Spandidos DA, Taurone S, Agostinelli E. Anti-inflammatory role of curcumin in retinal disorders (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:790. [PMID: 34055089 PMCID: PMC8145690 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin [1,7-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione], the main component of turmeric (Curcuma longa, a flowering plant of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae), is known to possess different pharmacological activities, particularly anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Since an underlying inflammatory process exists in several ocular conditions, such as anterior uveitis, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR), the aim of the present review was to summarize the pleiotropic effects exerted by this molecule, focusing in particular on its beneficial role in retinal diseases. The anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin has also been described in numerous systemic inflammatory pathologies and tumors. Specifically, the biological, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical properties of curcumin are associated with its ability to downregulate the expression of the following genes: IκBα, cyclooxygenase 2, prostaglandin E2, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α. According to this finding, curcumin may be useful in the treatment of some retinal disorders. In DR, proliferative vitreoretinopathy and AMD, beneficial effects have been observed following treatment with curcumin, including slowing down of the inflammatory process. Despite the aforementioned evidence, the main disadvantage of this substance is that it possesses a low solubility, as well as poor oral bioavailability due to its reduced absorption, rapid metabolism and rapid elimination. Therefore, several curcumin analogues have been synthesized and tested over the years, in order to improve the possible obtainable therapeutic effects. The purpose of the present review was to identify new aspects that could guide future research on this important traditional medicine, which is a well-tolerated natural product, and is widely considered safe and economical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Franzone
- Department of Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Nebbioso
- Department of Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziano Pergolizzi
- Department of Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Attanasio
- Department of Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Musacchio
- Department of Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Artico
- Department of Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | | | - Enzo Agostinelli
- Department of Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy.,International Polyamines Foundation ETS-ONLUS, I-00159 Rome, Italy
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Krueger K, Boehme E, Klettner AK, Zille M. The potential of marine resources for retinal diseases: a systematic review of the molecular mechanisms. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7518-7560. [PMID: 33970706 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1915242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We rely on vision more than on any other sense to obtain information about our environment. Hence, the loss or even impairment of vision profoundly affects our quality of life. Diet or food components have already demonstrated beneficial effects on the development of retinal diseases. Recently, there has been a growing interest in resources from marine animals and plants for the prevention of retinal diseases through nutrition. Especially fish intake and omega-3 fatty acids have already led to promising results, including associations with a reduced incidence of retinal diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are insufficiently explained. The aim of this review was to summarize the known mechanistic effects of marine resources on the pathophysiological processes in retinal diseases. We performed a systematic literature review following the PRISMA guidelines and identified 107 studies investigating marine resources in the context of retinal diseases. Of these, 46 studies described the underlying mechanisms including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiangiogenic/vasoprotective, cytoprotective, metabolic, and retinal function effects, which we critically summarize. We further discuss perspectives on the use of marine resources for human nutrition to prevent retinal diseases with a particular focus on regulatory aspects, health claims, safety, and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Krueger
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Elke Boehme
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexa Karina Klettner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, University of Kiel, Quincke Research Center, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marietta Zille
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Abd El-Hameed AM. Polydatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles ameliorates early diabetic nephropathy by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 19:1599-1607. [PMID: 33520856 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00699-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In various developed countries, diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the principal cause of end-stage kidney disease and a main reason of injury and mortality in individuals with renal morbidity worldwide. Polydatin (POL) has been evaluated as a potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and a nephroprotective agent. In spite of this, the possible benefits and protective effects of POL on early diabetic nephropathy are not quite clarified. For the effective clearance from the body besides safe drug delivery, biodegradable nanoparticles have interesting attraction. This work was designed to evaluate the positive effect and possible mechanisms of Polydatin-loaded Chitosan-Nanoparticles (POL-NPs) on early DN in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Followed the induction of diabetes, rats classified into four groups, diabetic control and diabetic rats treated daily and orally with; POL, Polydatin-loaded chitosan-Nanoparticles (POL-NPs), plus normal control rats. Our findings showed that diabetic group presented a significant high level of the blood glucose, blood glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum insulin, renal function related parameters, renal Advanced glycation-end products (AGEs) and lipid peroxidation level compared to normal control rats, while serum albumin level and the activities of renal antioxidant enzymes were significantly decreased. Moreover, in the kidney of diabetic rat mRNA expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) were up-regulated. Besides, increase in serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-18) and decrease in anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). POL and POL-NPs supplementation were significantly attenuate the above-mention results and returned the normal equilibrium between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, POL and POL-NPs have antidiabetic effect, suppresses oxidative stress and mitigates renal inflammation through inhibition of NF-κB in diabetic kidney in early progressive DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M Abd El-Hameed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Division, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawara, Saudi Arabia
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Sun HH, Chai XL, Li HL, Tian JY, Jiang KX, Song XZ, Wang XR, Fang YS, Ji Q, Liu H, Hao GM, Wang W, Han J. Fufang Xueshuantong alleviates diabetic retinopathy by activating the PPAR signalling pathway and complement and coagulation cascades. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113324. [PMID: 32890714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fufang Xueshuantong (FXST) is a traditional Chinese patent medicine composed of Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H.Chen (Araliaceae), Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Lamiaceae), Astragalus propinquus Schischkin (Leguminosae), and Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. (Scrophulariaceae). It has been widely used for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and exerts a positive clinical therapeutic effect. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to observe the effect of FXST on diabetic rat retinas and investigate its pharmacological mechanism for improving DR. METHODS The diabetic rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The rats were divided into a normal group, diabetic group, and FXST group. The rats in the FXST group were treated with FXST by intragastric administration for 12 weeks while other rats were given the same volume of normal saline. The haemodynamic parameters of the central retinal artery in the rats were measured by ultrasound. Haematoxylin-eosin staining was utilised to observe the pathological structural changes in the retina. The apoptosis of retinal nerve cells was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling. RNA sequencing was used to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and enrichment analyses were performed. The DEGs were validated through real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS The peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, and mean velocity decreased while the resistance index and pulsatility index increased in the diabetic rat retinas. FXST also improved haemodynamics. In contrast with the diabetic group, FXST allayed the disorder and oedema of the retinal structure in addition to reversing the reductions in retinal thickness and retinal ganglion cell number. It also decreased the apoptosis index of retinal cells. A total of 1134 DEGs were identified by RNA sequencing in the FXST group compared to the diabetic group, including 814 upregulated genes and 320 downregulated genes. These genes were enriched in the complement and coagulation cascades as well as the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signalling pathway. Several DEGs, including PPAR gamma, perilipin 4, acyl-CoA dehydrogenase long chain, CD55 molecule, and plasminogen activator urokinase, were identified by qRT-PCR, and the results were consistent with the RNA sequencing data. CONCLUSIONS FXST alleviates DR by improving the haemodynamics and morphological alterations of diabetic rat retinas, which are mediated by complement and coagulation cascades and the PPAR signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Xin-Lou Chai
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Hong-Li Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Jing-Yun Tian
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Kun-Xiu Jiang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Xing-Zhuo Song
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Xi-Rui Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Yong-Sheng Fang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Qingxuan Ji
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Hanying Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Gai-Mei Hao
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Jing Han
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Yang Y, Liu Y, Li Y, Chen Z, Xiong Y, Zhou T, Tao W, Xu F, Yang H, Ylä-Herttuala S, Chaurasia SS, Adam WC, Yang K. MicroRNA-15b Targets VEGF and Inhibits Angiogenesis in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5892806. [PMID: 32797181 PMCID: PMC7947967 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis is a critical compensatory response to microvascular rarefaction in the diabetic retina that contributes to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). In this study, we sought to determine the role of specific micro ribonucleic acids (RNAs) (miRs) associated with VEGF in patients with PDR pathology. METHODS RNA sequencing was employed to detect differentially circulating miR associated with VEGF in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and PDR. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure the concentration of miR-15b in the serum of patients with DM (n = 115), NPDR (n = 47), or PDR (n = 76). The effects of miR-15b on DR and regulation of VEGF and endothelial cell function were also characterized. RESULTS We demonstrated that circulating miR-15b was directly associated with VEGF compared with other miRs in patients with PDR. We found a significant inverse relationship between low levels of miR-15b and high levels of VEGF in patients with PDR when compared with the DM or NPDR groups. We found that miR-15b regulates the expression of VEGF by targeting the 3'-untranslated regions to inhibit its transcription. Similarly, overexpression of miR-15b suppressed vascular abnormalities in vivo in diabetic GK rats, inhibiting endothelial tube formation and VEGF expression. CONCLUSION Circulating miR-15b is associated with PDR and may be targeted to regulate VEGF expression and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiping Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhongli Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Taicheng Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenyu Tao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hanling Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; and Heart Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Shyam S Chaurasia
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Whaley-Connell Adam
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Ke Yang, PhD, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China. E-mail: ; Adam T. Whaley-Connell, DO, MSPH, MEd, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, 4903 Durham Chase, Columbia, MO 65203, USA. E-mail:
| | - Ke Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Ke Yang, PhD, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China. E-mail: ; Adam T. Whaley-Connell, DO, MSPH, MEd, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, 4903 Durham Chase, Columbia, MO 65203, USA. E-mail:
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Zeng F, Luo G, Lu Y, Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Zhou Z. Long non-coding RNA VIM Antisense RNA 1 (VIM-AS1) sponges microRNA-29 to participate in diabetic retinopathy. Acta Diabetol 2020; 57:1111-1116. [PMID: 32447557 PMCID: PMC7413870 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) VIM Antisense RNA 1 (VIM-AS1) has been reported to be correlated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) susceptibility, while the roles of this lncRNA in T2D and its complications remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the role of VIM-AS1 in diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS Gene expression levels in both human specimens and in vitro cultivated cells were determined by qPCR and western blot. Overexpression experiments were performed to analyze gene interactions. Cell apoptosis after transfections was detected by cell apoptosis assay. RESULTS We found that VIM-AS1 was significantly downregulated in T2D patients in comparison with that in healthy controls. Specifically, the expression levels of VIM-AS1 were lowest among T2D patients complicated with DR. Bioinformatics analysis showed that VIM-AS1 can interact with microRNA 29 (miR-29), which is a critical player in high glucose-induced apoptosis of human retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPEs). Dual-luciferase assay also revealed the direct interaction between them. High glucose treatment led to upregulated miR-29 and downregulated VIM-AS1. However, overexpression of VIM-AS1 and miR-29 did not affect the expression of each other. Cell apoptosis analysis showed that overexpression of VIM-AS1 reduced the enhancing effects of miR-29 overexpression on RPEs cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, VIM-AS1 may sponge miR-29 to participate in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City, 511500, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City, 511500, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yamei Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City, 511500, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaotian Zhang
- Zhong Shan Ophthalmological Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanqing Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City, 511500, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonging Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City, 511500, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City, 511500, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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Zhang H, Gao Y, Zhang J, Wang K, Jin T, Wang H, Ruan K, Wu F, Xu Z. The effect of total lignans from Fructus Arctii on Streptozotocin-induced diabetic retinopathy in Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 255:112773. [PMID: 32199990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fructus Arctii is the dried ripe fruit of Arctium lappa L. (family Asteraceae). It is a well-known Chinese Materia Medica that was included in the Chinese pharmacopoeia because of its traditional therapeutic actions, such as heat removal, detoxification, and elimination of swelling. Since ancient times Fructus Arctii has been used extensively in a number of classical drug formulas to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that certain components of Fructus Arctii have multiple physiological activities on type 2 diabetes and its complications. AIM OF THE STUDY We have reported the inhibitory effect of total lignans from Fructus Arctii (TLFA) on aldose reductase, the key enzyme in the polyol pathway, which is considered to be closely related to the onset of diabetic retinopathy (DR). The present study aimed to observe the preventive and therapeutic effects of TLFA on DR in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DR rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS TLFA was prepared from Fructus Arctii and its content was determined using UV spectrophotometry. The DR model was induced by STZ in Wistar rats. For DR prevention, the animals were gavaged once daily for 9 weeks with TLFA (1.38, 0.69, and 0.35 g/kg/day) as soon as they were confirmed as diabetes models. Pathological changes to retinal tissues and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and protein kinase C (PKC) in the retina were detected after TLFA treatment. The effects of TLFA on blood glucose levels and body weight were also observed. For DR treatment, the animals were gavaged once daily for 12 weeks with TLFA (1.38 and 0.69 g/kg/day) at 3 months after they were confirmed as diabetes models. The therapeutic effect was studied using quantitative detection of blood-retina barrier (BRB) breakdown via an Evans Blue leakage assay. RESULTS For DR prevention, after 9 weeks of TLFA administration, histopathological examination of retinal tissue showed that TLFA improved the lesions in the retina. Changes to retinal microstructures such as capillaries, ganglion cells, bipolar cells, and the membrane disk examined by electron microscopy further confirmed that TLFA has a preventive effect on retinopathy. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl Transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) detection showed that TLFA could inhibit retinal cell apoptosis in the diabetic rats, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels of rats in the TLFA-treated groups decreased during the experiment. For DR treatment, after 3 months of administration, the amount of dye leakage in the TLFA-administered groups was reduced by more than 50% compared with that in the model group, which indicated that TLFA has a therapeutic effect on middle and late DR. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of VEGF and PKCβ2 in the retina detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (FQ-RT-PCR) showed that TLFA could inhibit the expression of them, which was consistent with the results of immunohistochemistry (IHC). CONCLUSION TLFA has a preventive and therapeutic effect on DR. Its mechanism of action on DR is related to inhibiting PKC activation and blocking VEGF elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huating Zhang
- Innovative Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yingying Gao
- Innovative Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jingyun Zhang
- Innovative Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tong Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kefeng Ruan
- Innovative Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Innovative Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhaohui Xu
- Innovative Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Long non-coding RNA XIST regulates hyperglycemia-associated apoptosis and migration in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109959. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Zhou M, Li G, Zhu L, Zhou H, Lu L. Arctiin attenuates high glucose-induced human retinal capillary endothelial cell proliferation by regulating ROCK1/PTEN/PI3K/Akt/VEGF pathway in vitro. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5695-5706. [PMID: 32297701 PMCID: PMC7214144 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most prominent microvascular complications of diabetes, which remains the leading cause of legal blindness in the world. Arctiin, a bioactive compound from Arctium lappa L., has been reported to have antidiabetic activity. In this study, we investigated the effect of arctiin on a human retinal capillary endothelial cell (HRCEC) line and how arctiin inhibits cell proliferation in high glucose (HG)-induced HRCECs. Results showed that arctiin decreased HG-induced HRCECs proliferation in a dose-dependent manner by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Tube formation assay and immunofluorescence staining indicated that arctiin abrogated tube formation induced by HG-induced HRCECs in a dose-dependent manner via down-regulation of VEGF expression. Mechanistic study indicated that perturbation of the ROCK1/PTEN/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway plays a vital role in the arctiin-mediated anti-proliferative effect. Furthermore, pre-incubation of HRCECs with Y-27632 attenuated arctiin-induced cell cycle arrest, cell proliferation and tube formation inhibition. Y-27632 also reversed the activation of PTEN, the inactivation/dephosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and down-regulation of VEGF. Taken together, the results demonstrated that arctiin inhibits the proliferation of HG-induced HRCECs through the activation of ROCK1 and PTEN and inactivation of PI3K and Akt, resulting in down-regulation of VEGF, which inhibits endothelial cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of PharmacyXinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Guobing Li
- Department of PharmacyXinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Liancai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Huyue Zhou
- Department of PharmacyXinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Laichun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
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Afarid M, Ghattavi N, Johari M. Serum Levels of Vitamin D in Diabetic Patients With and Without Retinopathy. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2020; 15:172-177. [PMID: 32308951 PMCID: PMC7151504 DOI: 10.18502/jovr.v15i2.6734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the levels of vitamin D in the serum of diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods Thirty patients with DR and thirty diabetic patients without retinopathy were included in this cross-sectional study. Based on ophthalmic examination, patients with DR were categorized into having non-proliferative retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferative retinopathy (PDR). Patients were tested for fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25 (OH) D), and creatinine levels in the serum, and for urine protein. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a serum 25 (OH) D level < 20 ng/mL. Results We found that all diabetic patients had mild vitamin D deficiency (serum 25 (OH) D level = 10–20 ng/mL). The mean serum 25 (OH) D concentration in patients with DR was lower than in those without DR (12.10 ± 14.62 ng/mL vs 15.61 ± 9.40 ng/mL, respectively, P = 0.012). Trace or more proteinuria was frequently present in patients with DR than in those without DR (56% in DR vs 30% in non-DR; P = 0.037). There were no significant differences in the FBS, HbA1C, and serum creatinine levels between patients with or without retinopathy. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that patients with DR had lower levels of serum vitamin D compared with those without retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Afarid
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Naghme Ghattavi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammadkarim Johari
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Adki KM, Kulkarni YA. Potential Biomarkers in Diabetic Retinopathy. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:971-983. [PMID: 32065092 DOI: 10.2174/1573399816666200217092022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy is one of the important complications of diabetes. In major cases, diabetic retinopathy is unnoticed until the irreversible damage to eye occurs and leads to blurred vision and, eventually, blindness. OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis and diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy are very complex and not fully understood. Currently, well-established laser techniques and medications are available, but these treatment options have their own shortcomings on biological systems. Biomarkers can help to overcome this problem due to easy, fast and economical options for diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. METHODS The search terms used were "Diabetic retinopathy", "Biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy", "Novel biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy" and "Potential biomarkers of diabetic retinopathy" by using different scientific resources and databases like EBSCO, ProQuest, PubMed and Scopus. Eligibility criteria included biomarkers involved in diabetic retinopathy in the detectable range. Exclusion criteria included the repetition and duplication of the biomarker in diabetic retinopathy. RESULTS Current review and literature study revealed that biomarkers of diabetic retinopathy can be categorized as inflammatory: tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, transforming growth factor- β; antioxidant: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase; nucleic acid: poly ADP ribose polymerase- α, Apelin, Oncofetal; enzyme: ceruloplasmin, protein kinase C; and miscellaneous: erythropoietin. These biomarkers have a great potential in the progression of diabetic retinopathy hence can be used in the diagnosis and management of this debilitating disease. CONCLUSION Above mentioned biomarkers play a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy; hence they can also be considered as potential targets for new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveri M Adki
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai-400056, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai-400056, India
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Zhong W, Zeng J, Xue J, Du A, Xu Y. Knockdown of lncRNA PVT1 alleviates high glucose-induced proliferation and fibrosis in human mesangial cells by miR-23b-3p/WT1 axis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020; 12:33. [PMID: 32322310 PMCID: PMC7161221 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe complication of diabetes with type 1 and 2. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are being found to be involved in the DN pathogenesis. In this study, we aimed to further explore the effect and underlying mechanism of plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) in DN pathogenesis. METHODS The expression levels of PVT1, miR-23b-3p, and Wilms tumor protein 1 (WT1) mRNA were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Western blot analysis was performed to determine protein expression. Cell proliferation was detected using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetr-azolium (MTS) assay. The targeted correlation between miR-23b-3p and PVT1 or WT1 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS PVT1 and WT1 were highly expressed in the serum of DN patients and high glucose (HG)-induced mesangial cells (MCs). The knockdown of PVT1 or WT1 ameliorated HG-induced proliferation and fibrosis in MCs. Mechanistically, PVT1 modulated WT1 expression through acting as a molecular sponge of miR-23b-3p. The miR-23b-3p/WT1 axis mediated the protective effect of PVT1 knockdown on HG-induced proliferation and fibrosis in MCs. The NF-κB pathway was involved in the regulatory network of the PVT1/miR-23b-3p/WT1 axis in HG-induced MCs. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that PVT1 knockdown ameliorated HG-induced proliferation and fibrosis in MCs at least partially by regulating the miR-23b-3p/WT1/NF-κB pathway. Targeting PVT1 might be a potential therapeutic strategy for DN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071 Hubei China
| | - Jiaoe Zeng
- Department of Endocrine, Jingzhou Central Hospital and The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020 Hubei China
| | - Junli Xue
- Department of Endocrine, Jingzhou Central Hospital and The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020 Hubei China
| | - Aimin Du
- Department of Endocrine, Jingzhou Central Hospital and The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020 Hubei China
| | - Yancheng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071 Hubei China
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Fu Y, Wang Y, Gao X, Li H, Yuan Y. Dynamic Expression of HDAC3 in db/db Mouse RGCs and Its Relationship with Apoptosis and Autophagy. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:6086780. [PMID: 32190700 PMCID: PMC7071812 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6086780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus. DR is considered as a neurovascular disease. Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss plays an important role in the vision function disorder of diabetic patients. Histone deacetylase3 (HDAC3) is closely related to injury repair and nerve regeneration. The correlation between HDAC3 and retinal ganglion cells in diabetic retinopathy is still unclear yet. METHODS To investigate the chronological sequence of the abnormalities of retinal ganglion cells in diabetic retinopathy, we choose 15 male db/db mice (aged 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 16 weeks, 18 weeks, and 25 weeks; each group had 3 mice) as diabetic groups and 3 male db/m mice (aged 8 weeks) as the control group. In this study, we examined the morphological and immunohistochemical changes of HDAC3, Caspase3, and LC3B in a sequential manner by characterizing the process of retinal ganglion cell variation. RESULTS Blood glucose levels and body weights of db/db mice were significantly higher than that of the control group, P < 0.01. Compared with the control group, the number of retinal ganglion cells decreased with the duration of disease increasing. HDAC3 expression gradually increased in RGCs of db/db mice. Caspase3 expression gradually accelerated in RGCs of db/db mice. LC3B expression dynamically changed in RGCs of db/db mice. HDAC3 was positively correlated with Caspase3 expression (r = 0.7424), P < 0.01. Compared with the control group, the number of retinal ganglion cells decreased with the duration of disease increasing. HDAC3 expression gradually increased in RGCs of db/db mice. Caspase3 expression gradually accelerated in RGCs of db/db mice. LC3B expression dynamically changed in RGCs of db/db mice. HDAC3 was positively correlated with Caspase3 expression (r = 0.7424), P < 0.01. Compared with the control group, the number of retinal ganglion cells decreased with the duration of disease increasing. HDAC3 expression gradually increased in RGCs of db/db mice. Caspase3 expression gradually accelerated in RGCs of db/db mice. LC3B expression dynamically changed in RGCs of db/db mice. HDAC3 was positively correlated with Caspase3 expression (Discussion. We clarified the dynamic expression changes of HDAC3, Caspase3, and LC3B in retinal ganglion cells of db/db mice. Our results suggest the HDAC3 expression has a positive correlation with apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xinyuan Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Huiyao Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
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Miserocchi E, Giuffrè C, Cicinelli MV, Marchese A, Gattinara M, Modorati G, Bandello F. Oral phospholipidic curcumin in juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis. Eur J Ophthalmol 2019; 30:1390-1396. [PMID: 31801359 DOI: 10.1177/1120672119892804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy and the safety of curcumin-phosphatidylcholine complex in children affected by juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis as an adjunctive treatment to chronic systemic immunosuppressive therapy. METHODS In this retrospective, longitudinal study, we treated patients affected by juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis with residual low-grade inflammatory activity in the anterior chamber with one tablet of curcumin-phosphatidylcholine complex per day, over a year. Low-grade inflammatory activity was characterized by flare 1+ at slit-lamp examination and 10-50 photon counts per ms) at the FC500 laser flare meter. Inactivity of uveitis was defined as complete disappearance of flare at the slit-lamp examination and values <10 ph/ms at laser flare meter. Conversely, recurrence of the uveitis was defined as a one-step increase from baseline in anterior chamber cells levels or laser flare meter measurements >50 ph/ms. RESULTS A total of 22 out of 27 patients (81%) achieved inactivity at the end of the study. Five patients (19%) did not show a significant reduction in anterior chamber flare, remaining stable throughout the follow-up. Only three episodes of flare-ups in three different patients were recorded. Overall, the treatment was well tolerated by all patients and no ocular discomfort, ocular side effects, or allergic reactions were registered. CONCLUSION Adjunctive therapy with curcumin in patients affected by juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis improves mild chronic anterior chamber flare and presents a good safety profile. Despite being mild, anterior chamber inflammation should be minimized to avoid the development of sight-threatening complications in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Miserocchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Giuffrè
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Cicinelli
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marchese
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Gattinara
- Department of Rheumatology, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Istituto Ortopedico G. Pini, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Modorati
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bandello
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Ameliorate Diabetic Nephropathy In Vivo and In Vitro by Inhibiting Advanced Glycation End Product-Activated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:2751475. [PMID: 31871464 PMCID: PMC6913167 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2751475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of chronic kidney disease. It has been proven that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have therapeutic effects on kidney disease. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are MSCs that are derived from dental pulps in exfoliated deciduous teeth from young patients and therefore have a high proliferation rate and an easy access. Hence, we aimed to explore the effect of SHED on DN in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. SHED were administered via the tail vein. Blood glucose, serum triglycerides and cholesterol, body weight, and urinary albumin were measured before and after administration. At 8 weeks after administration, real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and electron microscopy were employed to examine pathological changes in glomerular and tubulointerstitial tissue. Kidney weight and serum IL-1, IL-10, TNF-α, TGF-β, and HGF levels were measured. SHED engraftment in the kidneys was detected by transfecting green fluorescence protein (GFP). Type II epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the tubule-interstitial and arteriolar regions has been reported to be an important pathological characteristic of DN. This study is the first to apply a transwell system for coculture to explore the effects of MSCs on the EMT of human proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells. The effects of SHED on advanced glycation end product- (AGE-) activated EMT in HK-2 cells were explored by real-time PCR and western blot. At 8 weeks after administration, renal injury, including hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, increased urinary albumin excretion, ECM accumulation, and a fractional mesangial area, was dramatically attenuated. The serum levels of IL-1, TNF-α, and TGF-β were significantly downregulated, whereas the serum levels of IL-10 and HGF were upregulated by SHED. GFP expression confirmed the engraftment of SHED in diabetic kidneys. In addition, cocultured SHED inhibited AGE-induced EMT in HK-2 cells. In conclusion, SHED offer a novel potential effective therapeutic approach for ameliorating DN.
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Krishnasamy S, Ravi V, Rajaraman B, Kumar Thulasingam S, Dhevasena CS, Pathak A, Swaminathan K, Sundaresan M, Ayyappa KA, Arunkumar G, Kuppan G, Ramadas N, Vedantham S. Role of VEGF 165b/VEGF TOTAL ratio in gestational diabetes mellitus. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:811-814. [PMID: 30964350 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2019.1595576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper vascular function is important for well-being of mother and growing fetus. VEGFTOTAL, and VEGF165b levels and its vascular endothelial complications in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) together with the association of inflammation and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are less studied. VEGF165b/VEGFTOTAL (VEGF RATIO) in GDM pregnant women was investigated in this study. Plasma VEGFTOTAL was lower in GDM (17.68 ± 1.30 pg/mL) compared to non-GDM (25.69 ± 1.40 pg/mL). VEGF165b, ICAM-1, and AGEs were higher in GDM (9.9 ± 1.4 pg/mL, 201.04 ± 7.85 µg/mL, and 10.40 ± 0.98 µg/mL, respectively) and lower in non-GDM (6.47 ± 0.70 pg/mL, 174.1 ± 7.11 µg/mL, and 4.71 ± 0.39 µg/mL, respectively). Compared to non GDM (0.25 ± 0.02), VEGF RATIO was higher in GDM (0.45 ± 0.04) and correlated with -ICAM-1 (r = 0.375, p < .001) and AGEs (r = 0.199, p < .05). Tertile stratification of VEGF RATIO implied that frequency of GDM increases with increasing tertiles of VEGF RATIO (p for trend <.001). Association of VEGF RATIO with GDM was significant even after adjusting for AGEs (OR = 1.279, CI = 1.118-1.462, p < .0010) but it lost its significance when adjusted for ICAM-1 (OR = 1.006, CI = 0.995-1.017, p = .308). VEGF RATIO plays an important role in GDM in association with vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundar Krishnasamy
- a School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University , Thanjavur , India
| | - Vidya Ravi
- b Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, K.A.P. Viswanatham Government Medical College , Tiruchirapalli , India
| | - Barathi Rajaraman
- a School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University , Thanjavur , India
| | | | - C S Dhevasena
- c Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Kovai Medical Centre and Hospital , Coimbatore , India
| | - Atima Pathak
- c Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Kovai Medical Centre and Hospital , Coimbatore , India
| | - Krishnan Swaminathan
- d Department of Endocrinology, Kovai Medical Centre and Hospital and Research Foundation , Coimbatore , India
| | - Mohanraj Sundaresan
- d Department of Endocrinology, Kovai Medical Centre and Hospital and Research Foundation , Coimbatore , India
| | | | - Ganeshprasad Arunkumar
- a School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University , Thanjavur , India
| | - Gokulakrishnan Kuppan
- e Department of Research Biochemistry, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai , India
| | - Nirupama Ramadas
- a School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University , Thanjavur , India
| | - Srinivasan Vedantham
- a School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University , Thanjavur , India
- f Division of R&D, MedGenome Labs Ltd , Bengaluru , India
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Therapeutic potential of curcumin in eye diseases. Cent Eur J Immunol 2019; 44:181-189. [PMID: 31530988 PMCID: PMC6745545 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2019.87070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa L. has been used for thousands of years in traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurvedic medicine in Asian countries to treat liver diseases, rheumatoid diseases, diabetes, atherosclerosis, infectious diseases and cancer. It exhibits a wide range of pharmacological properties, which include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antimicrobial and anticancer activity. Herein the mechanisms of curcumin impact on oxidative stress, angiogenesis and inflammatory processes are described indicating that curcumin use may inhibit those pathological conditions and restore body homeostasis. Its effectiveness was also proved for major eye diseases. In this review, the influence of curcumin on eye diseases, such as glaucoma, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, corneal neovascularization, corneal wound healing, dry eye disease, conjunctivitis, pterygium, anterior uveitis are reported. The analysis of a number of clinical and preclinical investigations indicates that curcumin may be used as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of various eye disorders.
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Tan BL, Norhaizan ME. Carotenoids: How Effective Are They to Prevent Age-Related Diseases? Molecules 2019; 24:E1801. [PMID: 31075966 PMCID: PMC6539799 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite an increase in life expectancy that indicates positive human development, a new challenge is arising. Aging is positively associated with biological and cognitive degeneration, for instance cognitive decline, psychological impairment, and physical frailty. The elderly population is prone to oxidative stress due to the inefficiency of their endogenous antioxidant systems. As many studies showed an inverse relationship between carotenoids and age-related diseases (ARD) by reducing oxidative stress through interrupting the propagation of free radicals, carotenoid has been foreseen as a potential intervention for age-associated pathologies. Therefore, the role of carotenoids that counteract oxidative stress and promote healthy aging is worthy of further discussion. In this review, we discussed the underlying mechanisms of carotenoids involved in the prevention of ARD. Collectively, understanding the role of carotenoids in ARD would provide insights into a potential intervention that may affect the aging process, and subsequently promote healthy longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Ling Tan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Esa Norhaizan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Research Centre of Excellent, Nutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases (NNCD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Değirmenci C, Afrashi F, Erbaş O, Aktuğ H, Taşkıran D. The Preventive Effect of Oxytocin on Retinopathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Turk J Ophthalmol 2019; 49:68-72. [PMID: 31055890 PMCID: PMC6517859 DOI: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2018.47897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of intravitreal and intraperitoneal use of oxytocin (OT) on retinopathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four 6-8-week-old adult male and female Sprague Dawley rats were used in the study. Diabetes was induced in the rats with a single injection of intraperitoneal streptozotocin. Diabetes was verified after 48 hours by measuring blood glucose levels of 260 mg/dl (14.4 mmol/L) or higher in diabetic rats. The rats were divided into 4 groups and treated as follows: intravitreal physiological saline group (0.01 mL saline weekly), intravitreal OT group (10 μU/μL OT weekly), intraperitoneal physiological saline group (1 mL daily), and intraperitoneal OT group (100 IU/kg OT daily). Hamilton syringes fitted with 27-gauge needles were used for intraperitoneal injections while 31-gauge needles were used for intravitreal injection. After 4 weeks of treatment the rats were euthanized to evaluate outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) immunoexpression, and plasma VEGF levels from blood samples obtained by cardiac puncture. Results: Morphometric analysis of retinal cross-sections showed that intravitreal and intraperitoneal OT significantly increased ONL thickness compared to physiological saline-treated groups. Also, OT treatment significantly decreased VEGF protein expression compared with the physiological saline groups. Plasma VEGF level was significantly higher in the physiological saline treatment group compared to the OT treatment group. Conclusion: OT reduces diabetic retinopathy progression, particularly when administered intravitreally. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to investigate the impact of OT on diabetic retinopathy and may provide a new area for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cumali Değirmenci
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Filiz Afrashi
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Oytun Erbaş
- İstanbul Bilim University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Aktuğ
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Dilek Taşkıran
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, İzmir, Turkey
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Shafabakhsh R, Aghadavod E, Ghayour‐Mobarhan M, Ferns G, Asemi Z. Role of histone modification and DNA methylation in signaling pathways involved in diabetic retinopathy. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7839-7846. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases Kashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
| | - Esmat Aghadavod
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases Kashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour‐Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Gordon Ferns
- Division of Medical Education Brighton & Sussex Medical School Brighton UK
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases Kashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
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Time-dependent changes in hypoxia- and gliosis-related factors in experimental diabetic retinopathy. Eye (Lond) 2018; 33:600-609. [PMID: 30401898 PMCID: PMC6461831 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-018-0268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes causes various biochemical changes in the retina; long-term changes in the factors associated with hypoxia and gliosis have rarely been reported. The present study was conducted to explore the changes in these factors in a time-dependent manner in experimental diabetic retinopathy (DR). Diabetes was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The expression of the following factors was examined using immunofluorescence and western blot analysis at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 months after diabetes onset: hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), erythropoietin (EPO), erythropoietin receptor (EPOR), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST) and glutamine synthase (GS). The expression of factors such as HIF-1alpha, VEGF, EPO, EPOR, GFAP and vimentin, was up-regulated with the progression of diabetes in the diabetic rat retinas compared to the expression in normal control retinas, whereas the expression of GS and GLAST was down-regulated. Changes in EPO and EPOR appeared 2 weeks after diabetes onset. HIF-1alpha, VEGF and GFAP started to increase at 1 month and vimentin at 4 months after diabetes onset. GS and GLAST started to decrease at 1 month after diabetes onset. The expression of these factors, which are involved in the processes of hypoxia and gliosis, varied at different stages of DR. The time-course change may be helpful in the evaluation of the progression of DR, and it may indicate the optimal intervention time points for DR.
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Xu ZH, Gao YY, Zhang HT, Ruan KF, Feng Y. Progress in Experimental and Clinical Research of the Diabetic Retinopathy Treatment Using Traditional Chinese Medicine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:1-27. [PMID: 30284463 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x1850074x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetic mellitus, is currently the main cause of adult-acquired blindness. The pathogenesis of DR is complex and the current clinical application of various treatment methods cannot completely prevent the development of this disease. Many reports have been published regarding the treatment of DR with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), which has received increasing attention from medical practitioners worldwide. Studies published between 1994 and April 2017 were collected from the CNKI, VIP, Medline and Web of Science databases, as well as from Chinese traditional books and Chinese Pharmacopoeia, subsequently obtaining more than 550 studies. Thereafter, the status quo of DR treatment using TCM had been summarized according to four aspects - compound formula therapy, Chinese herbal medicine extracts and monomer therapy, integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy, and Chinese medicine external treatment. According to the literature reviewed herein, TCM has had definite effects on the prevention and treatment of DR, especially when used in combination with modern medical methods. However, the lack of a unified standard on the syndrome differentiation of DR and the lack of support of evidence-based medicine theory in clinical practice have been consistent concerns in previous research studies and needs to be addressed in subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hui Xu
- 1 Innovative Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Gao
- 1 Innovative Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Ting Zhang
- 1 Innovative Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Feng Ruan
- 1 Innovative Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yi Feng
- 1 Innovative Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
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Al-Hussaini H, Kilarkaje N. Effects of trans-resveratrol on type 1 diabetes-induced inhibition of retinoic acid metabolism pathway in retinal pigment epithelium of Dark Agouti rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 834:142-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Giri B, Dey S, Das T, Sarkar M, Banerjee J, Dash SK. Chronic hyperglycemia mediated physiological alteration and metabolic distortion leads to organ dysfunction, infection, cancer progression and other pathophysiological consequences: An update on glucose toxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:306-328. [PMID: 30098549 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure of glucose rich environment creates several physiological and pathophysiological changes. There are several pathways by which hyperglycemia exacerbate its toxic effect on cells, tissues and organ systems. Hyperglycemia can induce oxidative stress, upsurge polyol pathway, activate protein kinase C (PKC), enhance hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), promote the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and finally alters gene expressions. Prolonged hyperglycemic condition leads to severe diabetic condition by damaging the pancreatic β-cell and inducing insulin resistance. Numerous complications have been associated with diabetes, thus it has become a major health issue in the 21st century and has received serious attention. Dysregulation in the cardiovascular and reproductive systems along with nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, diabetic foot ulcer may arise in the advanced stages of diabetes. High glucose level also encourages proliferation of cancer cells, development of osteoarthritis and potentiates a suitable environment for infections. This review culminates how elevated glucose level carries out its toxicity in cells, metabolic distortion along with organ dysfunction and elucidates the complications associated with chronic hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplab Giri
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Mokdumpur, Malda 732103, India; Experimental Medicine and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India.
| | - Sananda Dey
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Mokdumpur, Malda 732103, India; Experimental Medicine and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Tanaya Das
- Experimental Medicine and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Mrinmoy Sarkar
- Experimental Medicine and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Jhimli Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Mokdumpur, Malda 732103, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Dash
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Mokdumpur, Malda 732103, India.
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Ding Y, Ge Q, Qu H, Feng Z, Long J, Wei Q, Zhou Q, Wu R, Yao L, Deng H. Increased serum periostin concentrations are associated with the presence of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:937-945. [PMID: 29349642 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0820-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the association between serum periostin and the presence of diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS Serum periostin was detected in 114 healthy subjects, 122 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 159 patients with DR and compared among groups. Clinical data and other laboratory measurements such as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profiles, serum creatinine (Cr) and high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) were also collected and compared among groups. For subgroup analysis, patients with DR were divided into a non-proliferated diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) group and a proliferated diabetic retinopathy (PDR) group. Multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression models. RESULTS The serum periostin level was significantly higher in patients with diabetic retinopathy compared with healthy subjects and patients with T2DM (both P < 0.001, respectively). Also, the periostin level was significantly higher in the PDR group compared to the NPDR group (P = 0.044). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that serum periostin was independently associated with the presence of DR in patients with T2DM (P < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for DR development using serum periostin showed that the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) was 0.838 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrated that serum periostin is significantly associated with the presence of DR in patients with T2DM and is an independent risk factor of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Q Ge
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - H Qu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Z Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - J Long
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Q Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Q Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - R Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - L Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - H Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Bode C, Kranz H, Siepmann F, Siepmann J. In-situ forming PLGA implants for intraocular dexamethasone delivery. Int J Pharm 2018; 548:337-348. [PMID: 29981408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Different types of in-situ forming implants based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP) were prepared for controlled ocular delivery of dexamethasone. The impact of the volume of the release medium, initial drug content, polymer molecular weight and PLGA concentration on the resulting drug release kinetics were studied and explained based on a thorough physico-chemical characterization of the systems. This included for instance the monitoring of dynamic changes in the implants' wet and dry mass, morphology, PLGA polymer molecular weight, pH of the surrounding bulk fluid and water/NMP contents upon exposure to phosphate buffer pH 7.4. Importantly, the systems can be expected to be rather robust with respect to variations in the vitreous humor volumes encountered in vivo. Interestingly, limited drug solubility effects within the implants as well as in the surrounding aqueous medium play an important role for the control of drug release at a drug loading of only 7.5%. Furthermore, the polymer molecular weight and PLGA concentration in the liquid formulations are decisive for how the polymer precipitates during solvent exchange and for the swelling behavior of the systems. These features determine the resulting inner system structure and the conditions for mass transport. Consequently, they affect the degradation and drug release of the in-situ formed implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bode
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, 59000 Lille, France
| | - H Kranz
- Bayer AG, Muellerstraße 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - F Siepmann
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, 59000 Lille, France
| | - J Siepmann
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, 59000 Lille, France.
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Serum metabonomics study on antidiabetic effects of fenugreek flavonoids in streptozotocin-induced rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1092:466-472. [PMID: 30008302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fenugreek is a well-known medicinal plant used for treatment of diabetes. In this study, the antidiabetic effect of fenugreek flavonoids was investigated by metabonomics based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Fenugreek flavonoids were purified using polyamide resin and D101 macroporous adsorption resin, characterized by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, and administered to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats for 28 days. Pharmacological study results indicated that fenugreek flavonoids exerted a strong antidiabetic effect characterized by significant reduction of fasting blood glucose (P < 0.01), increase in serum insulin level (P < 0.01) and liver glycogen content (P < 0.01), attenuation of weight loss, and improvement of pancreatic islet and kidney conditions. The antidiabetic effect of fenugreek flavonoids was further analyzed by metabonomics. Serum samples of health and diabetic rats treated or not with fenugreek flavonoids were evaluated by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, followed by principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structures squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The PCA model revealed significant differences among the animal groups, and OPLS-DA identified fenugreek flavonoids-induced changes of 11 potential biomarkers involved in lipid metabolism (docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, sphinganine, sphingosine‑1‑phosphate, and lysophosphatidylcholines 20:4, 18:2, 16:0, and 20:2), amino acid metabolism (hippuric acid and tryptophan), and kidney function-related metabolism (2‑phenylethanol glucuronide). Our study demonstrates that flavonoids are bioactive components of fenugreek with potent antidiabetic activity, which exert their therapeutic effects by multiple mechanisms, including reducing insulin resistance, improving gluconeogenesis, and protecting islet cells and kidneys from damage.
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Giovannini A, Parravano M, Ricci F, Bandello F. Management of diabetic macular edema with intravitreal dexamethasone implants: Expert recommendations using a Delphi-based approach. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 29:82-91. [PMID: 29882421 DOI: 10.1177/1120672118781236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Despite being approved and effective, steroids, and especially dexamethasone intravitreal implants, still have a poorly-defined role in management of diabetic macular edema. In order to overcome some of the limitations in current recommendations, a group of experts met to define consensus on some of the most controversial issues on the use of dexamethasone intravitreal implants in daily management of diabetic macular edema. METHODS: A Delphi-based approach was utilized to develop clinically relevant statements applicable to routine treatment settings. A Steering Committee composed of four experts formulated 30 relevant statements, which were voted upon by a panel of 40 ophthalmologists/retinal specialists from across Italy. RESULTS: Dexamethasone intravitreal implants were considered to be a valid first-line alternative to treatment with an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agent and should be the first choice in pseudophakic and vitrectomized patients. A Pro Re Nata regimen was felt to be appropriate for retreatment with dexamethasone intravitreal implants while a 6-month waiting period was not considered suitable. Among steroid treatments, dexamethasone intravitreal implants were considered to have the best ocular tolerability. In patients with persistent macular edema after the loading-phase treatment with an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, consensus was reached that clinicians should consider switching therapy to dexamethasone intravitreal implants. Moreover, dexamethasone intravitreal implants can reduce the treatment burden for individuals who are not able to cope with the more intensive treatment regimen required by anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. CONCLUSIONS: While further studies are needed, this survey provides some key recommendations for clinicians treating diabetic macular edema that may be useful when choosing dexamethasone intravitreal implants in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Federico Ricci
- 3 UOSD Retinal Diseases, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Bandello
- 4 Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy
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