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O'Connor AM, Hagenauer MH, Thew Forrester LC, Maras PM, Arakawa K, Hebda-Bauer EK, Khalil H, Richardson ER, Rob FI, Sannah Y, Watson SJ, Akil H. Adolescent environmental enrichment induces social resilience and alters neural gene expression in a selectively bred rodent model with anxious phenotype. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 31:100651. [PMID: 38933284 PMCID: PMC11201356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress is a major influence on mental health status; the ways that individuals respond to or copes with stressors determine whether they are negatively affected in the future. Stress responses are established by an interplay between genetics, environment, and life experiences. Psychosocial stress is particularly impactful during adolescence, a critical period for the development of mood disorders. In this study we compared two established, selectively-bred Sprague Dawley rat lines, the "internalizing" bred Low Responder (bLR) line versus the "externalizing" bred High Responder (bHR) line, to investigate how genetic temperament and adolescent environment impact future responses to social interactions and psychosocial stress, and how these determinants of stress response interact. Male bLR and bHR rats were exposed to social and environmental enrichment in adolescence prior to experiencing social defeat and were then assessed for social interaction and anxiety-like behavior. Adolescent enrichment caused rats to display more social interaction, as well as nominally less social avoidance, less submission during defeat, and resilience to the effects of social stress on corticosterone, in a manner that seemed more notable in bLRs. For bHRs, enrichment also caused greater aggression during a neutral social encounter and nominally during defeat, and decreased anxiety-like behavior. To explore the neurobiology underlying the development of social resilience in the anxious phenotype bLRs, RNA-seq was conducted on the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens, two brain regions that mediate stress regulation and social behavior. Gene sets previously associated with stress, social behavior, aggression and exploratory activity were enriched with differential expression in both regions, with a particularly large effect on gene sets that regulate social behaviors. Our findings provide further evidence that adolescent enrichment can serve as an inoculating experience against future stressors. The ability to induce social resilience in a usually anxious line of animals by manipulating their environment has translational implications, as it underscores the feasibility of intervention strategies targeted at genetically vulnerable adolescent populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan Hastings Hagenauer
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, 205 Zina Pitcher Place, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Liam Cannon Thew Forrester
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, 205 Zina Pitcher Place, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Pamela M. Maras
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, 205 Zina Pitcher Place, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Keiko Arakawa
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, 205 Zina Pitcher Place, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Elaine K. Hebda-Bauer
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, 205 Zina Pitcher Place, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Huzefa Khalil
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, 205 Zina Pitcher Place, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Evelyn R. Richardson
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, 205 Zina Pitcher Place, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Farizah I. Rob
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, 205 Zina Pitcher Place, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Yusra Sannah
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, 205 Zina Pitcher Place, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Stanley J. Watson
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, 205 Zina Pitcher Place, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Huda Akil
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, 205 Zina Pitcher Place, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
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O'Connor AM, Hagenauer MH, Forrester LCT, Maras PM, Arakawa K, Hebda-Bauer EK, Khalil H, Richardson ER, Rob FI, Sannah Y, Watson SJ, Akil H. Adolescent environmental enrichment induces social resilience and alters neural gene expression in a selectively bred rodent model with anxious phenotype. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.03.560702. [PMID: 38645129 PMCID: PMC11030238 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.03.560702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Stress is a major influence on mental health status; the ways that individuals respond to or copes with stressors determine whether they are negatively affected in the future. Stress responses are established by an interplay between genetics, environment, and life experiences. Psychosocial stress is particularly impactful during adolescence, a critical period for the development of mood disorders. In this study we compared two established, selectively-bred Sprague Dawley rat lines, the "internalizing" bred Low Responder (bLR) line versus the "externalizing" bred High Responder (bHR) line, to investigate how genetic temperament and adolescent environment impact future responses to social interactions and psychosocial stress, and how these determinants of stress response interact. Male bLR and bHR rats were exposed to social and environmental enrichment in adolescence prior to experiencing social defeat and were then assessed for social interaction and anxiety-like behavior. Adolescent enrichment caused rats to display more social interaction, as well as nominally less social avoidance, less submission during defeat, and resilience to the effects of social stress on corticosterone, in a manner that seemed more notable in bLRs. For bHRs, enrichment also caused greater aggression during a neutral social encounter and nominally during defeat, and decreased anxiety-like behavior. To explore the neurobiology underlying the development of social resilience in the anxious phenotype bLRs, RNA-seq was conducted on the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens, two brain regions that mediate stress regulation and social behavior. Gene sets previously associated with stress, social behavior, aggression and exploratory activity were enriched with differential expression in both regions, with a particularly large effect on gene sets that regulate social behaviors. Our findings provide further evidence that adolescent enrichment can serve as an inoculating experience against future stressors. The ability to induce social resilience in a usually anxious line of animals by manipulating their environment has translational implications, as it underscores the feasibility of intervention strategies targeted at genetically vulnerable adolescent populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Huda Akil
- Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Wu Z, Martinez ME, Hernandez A. Mice lacking DIO3 exhibit sex-specific alterations in circadian patterns of corticosterone and gene expression in metabolic tissues. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:11. [PMID: 38553695 PMCID: PMC10979634 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-024-00508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Disruption of circadian rhythms is associated with neurological, endocrine and metabolic pathologies. We have recently shown that mice lacking functional type 3 deiodinase (DIO3), the enzyme that clears thyroid hormones, exhibit a phase shift in locomotor activity, suggesting altered circadian rhythm. To better understand the physiological and molecular basis of this phenotype, we used Dio3+/+ and Dio3-/- mice of both sexes at different zeitgeber times (ZTs) and analyzed corticosterone and thyroxine (T4) levels, hypothalamic, hepatic, and adipose tissue expression of clock genes, as well as genes involved in the thyroid hormone action or physiology of liver and adipose tissues. Wild type mice exhibited sexually dimorphic circadian patterns of genes controlling thyroid hormone action, including Dio3. Dio3-/- mice exhibited altered hypothalamic expression of several clock genes at ZT12, but did not disrupt the overall circadian profile. Expression of clock genes in peripheral tissues was not disrupted by Dio3 deficiency. However, Dio3 loss in liver and adipose tissues disrupted circadian profiles of genes that determine tissue thyroid hormone action and physiology. We also observed circadian-specific changes in serum T4 and corticosterone as a result of DIO3 deficiency. The circadian alterations manifested sexual dimorphism. Most notable, the time curve of serum corticosterone was flattened in Dio3-/- females. We conclude that Dio3 exhibits circadian variations, influencing the circadian rhythmicity of thyroid hormone action and physiology in liver and adipose tissues in a sex-specific manner. Circadian disruptions in tissue physiology may then contribute to the metabolic phenotypes of DIO3-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofei Wu
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, 04074, Scarborough, ME,, USA.
| | - M Elena Martinez
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, 04074, Scarborough, ME,, USA
| | - Arturo Hernandez
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, 04074, Scarborough, ME,, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, 02111, Boston, MA, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, 04469, Orono, Maine, USA
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Kim SY, Kim HJ, Cho SS, Park MY, Kang MY. Mediation analysis of chronotype, sleep-related factors, and depressive symptoms among workers: a cross-sectional study. Ann Occup Environ Med 2023; 35:e47. [PMID: 38148918 PMCID: PMC10751214 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to examine the impact of chronotype on depressive symptoms and explore the mediating effects of sleep quality, pre-sleep cognitive arousal, and social jetlag in a sample of wage earners. Methods A total of 3,917 waged workers were surveyed online in July 2022. Logistic regression and mediation analysis were used to assess the relationship between chronotype (morningness, intermediate, and eveningness) and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire ≥ 5), and the mediating effects of Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale (PSAS). All analyses were adjusted for age, education level, income level, marital status, coffee consumption, alcohol consumption, physical activity, occupation, employment status, and working hours to calculate odds ratios (ORs). Results The chronotypes of all the participants were divided into morningness (4.7%), intermediate (93.5%), and eveningness (1.8%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed an increased risk of depression in the eveningness chronotype (OR: 2.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.51, 5.86). Regarding the mediation analysis, ISI mediated 28.44% (95% CI: 16.39-40.5), PSQI for 31.25% (95% CI: 19.36, 43.15), and PSAS-Cognitive Score (PSAS-C) for 23.58% (95% CI: 10.66, 36.50) of the association between chronotype and depressive symptoms. However, social jetlag did not significantly mediate this relationship. (percentage mediated = 0.75%, 95% CI: -3.88, 5.39). Conclusions Evening chronotypes exhibit an increased risk of depressive symptoms, which ISI, PSQI, and PSAS-C partially mediated. This suggests that interventions to improve sleep quality and maintain adequate sleep habits may effectively prevent and treat depression in employees with an eveningness chronotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Young Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Sik Cho
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Min Young Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mo-Yeol Kang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Robertson-Dixon I, Murphy MJ, Crewther SG, Riddell N. The Influence of Light Wavelength on Human HPA Axis Rhythms: A Systematic Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1968. [PMID: 37895351 PMCID: PMC10608196 DOI: 10.3390/life13101968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental light entrains many physiological and behavioural processes to the 24 h solar cycle. Such light-driven circadian rhythms are centrally controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which receives information from the short-wavelength-sensitive intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. The SCN synchronizes local clocks throughout the body affecting sleep/wake routines and the secretion of neuroendocrine-linked hormones such as melatonin from the pineal gland and cortisol via the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. Although the effects of light parameters on melatonin have been recently reviewed, whether the experimental variation of the spectral power distribution and intensity of light can induce changes in cortisol rhythms remains unclear. Thus, this systematic review evaluated the effects of daytime exposure to lights of different spectral wavelength characteristics and luminance intensity on the cortisol levels in healthy individuals. A search of the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library databases on 19 June 2023 identified 3418 articles, of which 12 studies (profiling 337 participants) met the inclusion and risk of bias criteria. An analysis of the literature indicated that exposure to bright lights of any colour during the late night or early morning can induce significant increases in cortisol secretion relative to time-matched dim light comparison conditions. Furthermore, exposure to bright lights with stronger short-wavelength (blue/green) components in the early morning typically induced greater increases in cortisol relative to lights with stronger long-wavelength (red) components. Thus, the circadian regulation of cortisol is sensitive to the wavelength composition of environmental lighting, in line with the more commonly studied melatonin. As such, wavelength characteristics should be optimized and reported in light intervention studies (particularly for the investigation of cortisol-associated disorders and HPA axis function), and exposure to short-wavelength light during sensitive periods should be carefully considered in constructed environments (e.g., bedroom and classroom lighting and device screens).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Robertson-Dixon
- Department of Psychology, Counselling and Therapy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (I.R.-D.); (M.J.M.); (S.G.C.)
| | - Melanie J. Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Counselling and Therapy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (I.R.-D.); (M.J.M.); (S.G.C.)
| | - Sheila G. Crewther
- Department of Psychology, Counselling and Therapy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (I.R.-D.); (M.J.M.); (S.G.C.)
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Nina Riddell
- Department of Psychology, Counselling and Therapy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (I.R.-D.); (M.J.M.); (S.G.C.)
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Ibi D, Nakasai G, Sawahata M, Takaba R, Kinoshita M, Yamada K, Hiramatsu M. Emotional behaviors as well as the hippocampal reelin expression in C57BL/6N male mice chronically treated with corticosterone. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 230:173617. [PMID: 37562494 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a common psychiatric disorder affecting around 300 million people worldwide. Serum cortisol and glucocorticoid levels in humans are reportedly higher in patients with depression compared to controls. Furthermore, rodents repeatedly treated with exogenous corticosterone (CORT), a glucocorticoid in rodents, exhibit deficits in emotional behaviors. To confirm the availability of mice with chronic CORT treatment as an animal model of depression, we investigated the effect of chronic CORT treatment on depression-like behavioral and neuropathological phenotypes in C57BL/6N male mice. Behavioral studies showed depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in mice treated with CORT compared with control mice in the forced-swim and elevated-plus maze tests. Additionally, treated mice represented anhedonia and social behavior impairments in the sucrose preference and social interaction tests, respectively. Brains of depression patients have altered expression of reelin, an extracellular matrix protein involved in neuronal development and function. Likewise, in the present study, mice with chronic CORT treatment also exhibited reelin downregulation in cells of the hippocampus. Hence, we investigated therapeutic effects of reelin supplementation on CORT-induced behavioral abnormalities in mice. Microinjections of recombinant reelin protein into the hippocampus did not rescue behavioral deficits in mice with chronic CORT treatment. These results suggest that C57BL/6N male mice chronically treated with CORT are a suitable animal depression model, in which depressive behaviors may occur independently of the alternation of hippocampal Reelin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ibi
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan; Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan.
| | - Genki Nakasai
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - Masahito Sawahata
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Rika Takaba
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - Maho Kinoshita
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hiramatsu
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan; Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan.
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Min J, Tu J, Xu C, Lukas H, Shin S, Yang Y, Solomon SA, Mukasa D, Gao W. Skin-Interfaced Wearable Sweat Sensors for Precision Medicine. Chem Rev 2023; 123:5049-5138. [PMID: 36971504 PMCID: PMC10406569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sensors hold great potential in empowering personalized health monitoring, predictive analytics, and timely intervention toward personalized healthcare. Advances in flexible electronics, materials science, and electrochemistry have spurred the development of wearable sweat sensors that enable the continuous and noninvasive screening of analytes indicative of health status. Existing major challenges in wearable sensors include: improving the sweat extraction and sweat sensing capabilities, improving the form factor of the wearable device for minimal discomfort and reliable measurements when worn, and understanding the clinical value of sweat analytes toward biomarker discovery. This review provides a comprehensive review of wearable sweat sensors and outlines state-of-the-art technologies and research that strive to bridge these gaps. The physiology of sweat, materials, biosensing mechanisms and advances, and approaches for sweat induction and sampling are introduced. Additionally, design considerations for the system-level development of wearable sweat sensing devices, spanning from strategies for prolonged sweat extraction to efficient powering of wearables, are discussed. Furthermore, the applications, data analytics, commercialization efforts, challenges, and prospects of wearable sweat sensors for precision medicine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Min
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Jiaobing Tu
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Changhao Xu
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Heather Lukas
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Soyoung Shin
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Yiran Yang
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Samuel A. Solomon
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Daniel Mukasa
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
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The Association of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis with Appetite Regulation in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs). Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061366. [PMID: 36986097 PMCID: PMC10053353 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure causes growth impairment and a wide range of developmental, physical, and cognitive disorders in children, collectively referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). In the course of FASDs, abnormalities can also affect eating behavior and nutritional status, but these problems have received little attention. Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine the levels of hormones involved in the action of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis: proopiomelanocortin (POMC), cortisol, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), in the serum of patients with FASDs. To our knowledge, none of these hormones studied have yet been evaluated in FASDs to date. We investigated 62 FASD patients and 23 healthy controls by applying an enzyme-linked immunosorbent method (ELISA). Fasting POMC levels were significantly lower in patients with FASDs (10.97 vs. 18,57 ng/mL, p = 0.039) compared to controls. However, there were no differences in cortisol concentrations. Additionally, the sex and subgroup status (fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), neurobehavioral disorder associated with prenatal alcohol exposure (ND-PAE), and FASD risk) did not affect hormone levels. POMC was positively correlated with some clinical parameters such as age, BMI percentile, carbohydrate biomarkers, and ACTH. A positive correlation was observed between ACTH and cortisol levels, as well as ACTH and cholesterol levels. Data analysis showed no HPA axis abnormalities in the form of elevated serum cortisol and ACTH levels. Differences in POMC concentration may indicate the involvement and/or impairment of central nervous system structures in hormonal alterations in FASD individuals, caused by prenatal alcohol exposure. Hormonal dysregulation in FASDs can contribute to reduced growth and development, as well as many other disturbed processes, including neurological/neurodevelopmental dysfunctions. Further insightful studies involving a larger group of patients are needed to determine the potential impact of the measured hormones.
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Social jetlag and risk of depression: Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:562-569. [PMID: 36496100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social jetlag, which is the mismatch between endogenous rhythm and social timing, is prevalent among the working population. Social jetlag may result in mood changes; however, evidence of relationship between social jetlag and depressive disorders has not been fully verified. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the association between social jetlag and depressive symptoms in a representative working population of South Korea. METHODS This study included 5447 Korean employees in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Social jetlag was calculated as the difference between the midpoint of sleep time on weekdays and free days. Depressive symptoms were assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio after adjusting for confounding factors. Moreover, social jetlag and continuous depression scores were evaluated using linear regression and generalized additive models. RESULTS The proportion of the participants who had >2 h of social jetlag was 10.26 %. Depressive symptoms increased as social jetlag increased. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the adjusted OR (95 % confidence interval) for 1 to 2 h of social jetlag was 1.355 (0.891-2.059) and for >2 h was 1.859 (1.084-3.187), which <1 h was reference. LIMITATIONS This study used a cross-sectional design and measurements were based on self-reported scales. CONCLUSION This study found that social jetlag and depressive symptoms were significantly related in the Korean working population.
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Birnie MT, Eapen AV, Kershaw YM, Lodge D, Collingridge GL, Conway‐Campbell BL, Lightman SL. Time of day influences stress hormone response to ketamine. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13194. [PMID: 36056546 PMCID: PMC9787621 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over 50% of depressed patients show hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Conventional therapy takes weeks to months to improve symptoms. Ketamine has rapid onset antidepressant effects. Yet its action on HPA axis activity is poorly understood. Here, we measured the corticosterone (CORT) response to ketamine administered at different times of day in the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat. In male rats, blood was collected every 10 min for 28 h using an automated blood sampling system. Ketamine (5/10/25 mg · kg) was infused through a subcutaneous cannula at two time points-during the active and inactive period. CORT levels in blood were measured in response to ketamine using a radioimmunoassay. WKY rats displayed robust circadian secretion of corticosterone and was not overly different to Sprague Dawley rats. Ketamine (all doses) significantly increased CORT response at both infusion times. However, a dose dependent effect and marked increase over baseline was observed when ketamine was administered during the inactive phase. Ketamine has a robust and rapid effect on HPA axis function. The timing of ketamine injection may prove crucial for glucocorticoid-mediated action in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Birnie
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroendocrinology, School of MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Alen V. Eapen
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroendocrinology, School of MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & NeuroscienceUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Yvonne M. Kershaw
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroendocrinology, School of MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - David Lodge
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & NeuroscienceUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Graham L. Collingridge
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroendocrinology, School of MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & NeuroscienceUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Becky L. Conway‐Campbell
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroendocrinology, School of MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Stafford L. Lightman
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroendocrinology, School of MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUK
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Valeri J, O’Donovan SM, Wang W, Sinclair D, Bollavarapu R, Gisabella B, Platt D, Stockmeier C, Pantazopoulos H. Altered expression of somatostatin signaling molecules and clock genes in the hippocampus of subjects with substance use disorder. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:903941. [PMID: 36161151 PMCID: PMC9489843 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.903941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorders are a debilitating group of psychiatric disorders with a high degree of comorbidity with major depressive disorder. Sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances are commonly reported in people with substance use disorder and major depression and associated with increased risk of relapse. Hippocampal somatostatin signaling is involved in encoding and consolidation of contextual memories which contribute to relapse in substance use disorder. Somatostatin and clock genes also have been implicated in depression, suggesting that these molecules may represent key converging pathways involved in contextual memory processing in substance use and major depression. We used hippocampal tissue from a cohort of subjects with substance use disorder (n = 20), subjects with major depression (n = 20), subjects with comorbid substance use disorder and major depression (n = 24) and psychiatrically normal control subjects (n = 20) to test the hypothesis that expression of genes involved in somatostatin signaling and clock genes is altered in subjects with substance use disorder. We identified decreased expression of somatostatin in subjects with substance use disorder and in subjects with major depression. We also observed increased somatostatin receptor 2 expression in subjects with substance use disorder with alcohol in the blood at death and decreased expression in subjects with major depression. Expression of the clock genes Arntl, Nr1d1, Per2 and Cry2 was increased in subjects with substance use disorder. Arntl and Nr1d1 expression in comparison was decreased in subjects with major depression. We observed decreased expression of Gsk3β in subjects with substance use disorder. Subjects with comorbid substance use disorder and major depression displayed minimal changes across all outcome measures. Furthermore, we observed a significant increase in history of sleep disturbances in subjects with substance use disorder. Our findings represent the first evidence for altered somatostatin and clock gene expression in the hippocampus of subjects with substance use disorder and subjects with major depression. Altered expression of these molecules may impact memory consolidation and contribute to relapse risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Valeri
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Sinead M. O’Donovan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David Sinclair
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Ratna Bollavarapu
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Barbara Gisabella
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Donna Platt
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Craig Stockmeier
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Harry Pantazopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- *Correspondence: Harry Pantazopoulos,
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Zhao J, Shi W, Lu Y, Gao X, Wang A, Zhang S, Du Y, Wang Y, Li L. Alterations of monoamine neurotransmitters, HPA-axis hormones, and inflammation cytokines in reserpine-induced hyperalgesia and depression comorbidity rat model. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:419. [PMID: 35733107 PMCID: PMC9214971 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain and depression often occur simultaneously, but the mechanism of this condition is still unclear. METHODS The aim of this study was to examine the alterations of monoamine neurotransmitters, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hormones, and inflammation cytokines in hyperalgesia and depression comorbidities. The reserpine-induced "Sprague Dawley" (SD) rat models were used, and the concentrations of monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and their metabolic products 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), Homovanillic acid (HVA), 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in raphe nucleus region were tested by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Serum levels of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH), Cortisol (CORT), and inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-4, IL-10 were assessed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Repeated reserpine injection induced hyperalgesia and depressive behaviors with decreased sucrose preference and horizontal movement distance, and increased immobility time in forced swimming test. The concentrations of 5-HT and NE in raphe nucleus, and ACTH and CORT in serum were elevated in the model group. And the model group showed increases in serum IL-1β and IL-6, and decrease in serum IL-10. CONCLUSION More research in these areas is needed to understand the pathogenesis of the disease, so as to find more and better therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Zhao
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Beijing, 100050 China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Wei Shi
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Beijing, 100050 China ,grid.411609.b0000 0004 1758 4735Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Yujia Lu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Xuesong Gao
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Anna Wang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Shan Zhang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Yi Du
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Yongzhi Wang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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13
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Aerathupalathu Janardhanan J, Chen YL, Liu CT, Tseng HS, Wu PI, She JW, Hsiao YS, Yu HH. Sensitive Detection of Sweat Cortisol Using an Organic Electrochemical Transistor Featuring Nanostructured Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) Derivatives in the Channel Layer. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7584-7593. [PMID: 35588463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the influence of functionalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanostructures decorated on the channel layer of an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) for the detection of sweat cortisol, an adrenocorticosteroid stress hormone. The OECT device featured a bilayer channel confined by a PEDOT:polystyrenesulfonate (PSS) underlayer and a nanostructure-decorated upper layer engineered from the monomers EDOT-COOH and EDOT-EG3 through template-free electrochemical polymerization. This molecular design allowed antibody conjugation using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide/N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide coupling through the carboxylic acid side chain, with EDOT-EG3 known to minimize nonspecific binding of biomolecules. We also engineered an OECT device having a channel area without any nanostructures to gain insight into the effect of the nanostructures on cortisol sensing. Our new nanostructure-embedded OECT device facilitated real-time detection of cortisol at concentrations ranging from 1 fg/mL to 1 μg/mL with a detection limit of 0.0088 fg/mL with good linearity (R2 = 0.9566), in addition to excellent selectivity toward cortisol among other structurally similar interfering compounds and high stability and reproducibility. With its rapid response for the detection of 100 ng/mL cortisol-spiked artificial sweat, this nanostructure-decorated OECT device has potential clinical practicality and utility in wearable sensors for future healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakrishnan Aerathupalathu Janardhanan
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Research Institute Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Sustainable Chemical Science & Technology (SCST), Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Research Institute Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (NYCU), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Lin Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST), Keelung Road, Da'an District, Taipei 106335, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Roosevelt Road, Da'an District, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Sheng Tseng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST), Keelung Road, Da'an District, Taipei 106335, Taiwan
| | - Po-I Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST), Keelung Road, Da'an District, Taipei 106335, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wei She
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Research Institute Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Nano Science & Technology Program, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Research Institute Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Hsiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST), Keelung Road, Da'an District, Taipei 106335, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hua Yu
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Research Institute Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Sustainable Chemical Science & Technology (SCST), Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Research Institute Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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McEwen BS, Karatsoreos IN. Sleep Deprivation and Circadian Disruption Stress, Allostasis, and Allostatic Load. Sleep Med Clin 2022; 17:253-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Yao C, Jiang X, Ye X, Xie T, Bai R. Antidepressant Drug Discovery and Development: Mechanism and Drug Design Based on Small Molecules. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuansheng Yao
- School of Pharmacy Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 PR China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti‐Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 PR China
| | - Xiaoying Jiang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 P.R. China
| | - Xiang‐Yang Ye
- School of Pharmacy Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 PR China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti‐Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 PR China
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 PR China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti‐Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 PR China
| | - Renren Bai
- School of Pharmacy Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 PR China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti‐Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 PR China
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16
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Hu S, Luo L, Zeng L. Tea combats circadian rhythm disorder syndrome via the gut-liver-brain axis: potential mechanisms speculated. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7126-7147. [PMID: 35187990 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2040945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is an intrinsic mechanism developed by organisms to adapt to external environmental signals. Nowadays, owing to the job and after-work entertainment, staying up late - Circadian rhythm disorders (CRD) are common. CRD is linked to the development of fatty liver, type 2 diabetes, and chronic gastroenteritis, which affecting the body's metabolic and inflammatory responses via multi-organ crosstalk (gut-liver-brain axis, etc.). However, studies on the mechanisms of multi-organ interactions by CRD are still weak. Current studies on therapeutic agents for CRD remain inadequate, and phytochemicals have been shown to alleviate CRD-induced syndromes that may be used for CRD-therapy in the future. Tea, a popular phytochemical-rich beverage, reduces glucolipid metabolism and inflammation. But it is immature and unclear in the mechanisms of alleviation of CRD-mediated syndrome. Here, we have analyzed the threat of CRD to hosts and their offspring' health from the perspective of the "gut-liver-brain" axis. The potential mechanisms of tea in alleviating CRD were further explored. It might be by interfering with bile acid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and G protein-coupled receptors, with FXR, AHR, and GPCR as potential targets. We hope to provide new perspectives on the role of tea in the prevention and mitigation of CRD.HighlightsThe review highlights the health challenges of CRD via the gut-liver-brain axis.CRD research should focus on the health effects on healthy models and its offspring.Tea may prevent CRD by regulating bile acid, tryptophan, and GPCR.Potential targets for tea prevention and mitigation of CRD include FXR, AHR and GPCR.A comprehensive assessment mechanism for tea in improving CRD should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Hu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyong Luo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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17
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Choi W, Kang HJ, Kim JW, Kim HK, Kang HC, Lee JY, Kim SW, Stewart R, Kim JM. Associations of serum cortisol levels, stress perception, and stressful events with suicidal behaviors in patients with depressive disorders. J Affect Disord 2022; 297:602-609. [PMID: 34715157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is a well-known risk factor of suicide. However, there is a lack of research on the best psychobiological markers of stress for monitoring and predicting suicidal behaviors in depressed patients. We aimed to investigate the individual and interactive effects of serum cortisol levels and stress-related parameters, including perceived stress and life stressors, on suicidal behavior in depressed patients. METHODS At baseline, serum cortisol levels were measured and stress-related data, i.e., Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) scores and the number of stressful life events (SLEs), were collected from 1,094 patients with a depressive disorder, of whom 884 were followed up for 1 year. Suicidal behaviors evaluated at baseline included previous suicide attempts and baseline suicidal severity, while those at the 1-year follow-up were increased suicidal severity and fatal/non-fatal suicide attempts. Individual and interactive associations of exposure variables with suicidal outcomes were analyzed using logistic regression models after adjusting for relevant covariates. RESULTS Higher serum cortisol levels were significantly associated with suicidal outcomes at the 1-year follow-up. In addition, higher PSS scores were significantly associated with higher baseline severity, whereas the number of SLEs was not associated with any suicidal outcomes. A significant interactive effect of cortisol level and PSS score on suicidal outcomes at the 1-year follow-up was observed. Higher cortisol levels and PSS scores were associated with increased suicidal severity and more fatal/non-fatal suicide attempts. CONCLUSIONS The combination of serum cortisol levels and PSS scores may be useful for monitoring and predicting suicidal behaviors in depressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonsuk Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Hee-Ju Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ju-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Ho-Cheol Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Robert Stewart
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.
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Kruizinga J, Liemburg E, Burger H, Cipriani A, Geddes J, Robertson L, Vogelaar B, Nolen WA. Pharmacological treatment for psychotic depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 12:CD004044. [PMID: 34875106 PMCID: PMC8651069 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004044.pub5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence is limited regarding the most effective pharmacological treatment for psychotic depression: monotherapy with an antidepressant, monotherapy with an antipsychotic, another treatment (e.g. mifepristone), or combination of an antidepressant plus an antipsychotic. This is an update of a review first published in 2005 and last updated in 2015. OBJECTIVES 1. To compare the clinical efficacy of pharmacological treatments for patients with an acute psychotic depression: antidepressant monotherapy, antipsychotic monotherapy, mifepristone monotherapy, and the combination of an antidepressant plus an antipsychotic versus placebo and/or each other. 2. To assess whether differences in response to treatment in the current episode are related to non-response to prior treatment. SEARCH METHODS A search of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), in the Cochrane Library; the Cochrane Common Mental Disorders Controlled Trials Register (CCMDCTR); Ovid MEDLINE (1950-); Embase (1974-); and PsycINFO (1960-) was conducted on 21 February 2020. Reference lists of all included studies and related reviews were screened and key study authors contacted. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that included participants with acute major depression with psychotic features, as well as RCTs consisting of participants with acute major depression with or without psychotic features, that reported separately on the subgroup of participants with psychotic features. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias in the included studies, according to criteria from the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Data were entered into RevMan 5.1. We used intention-to-treat data. Primary outcomes were clinical response for efficacy and overall dropout rate for harm/tolerance. Secondary outcome were remission of depression, change from baseline severity score, quality of life, and dropout rate due to adverse effects. For dichotomous efficacy outcomes (i.e. response and overall dropout), risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Regarding the primary outcome of harm, only overall dropout rates were available for all studies. If the study did not report any of the response criteria as defined above, remission as defined here could be used as an alternative. For continuously distributed outcomes, it was not possible to extract data from the RCTs. MAIN RESULTS: The search identified 3947 abstracts, but only 12 RCTs with a total of 929 participants could be included in the review. Because of clinical heterogeneity, few meta-analyses were possible. The main outcome was reduction in severity (response) of depression, not of psychosis. For depression response, we found no evidence of a difference between antidepressant and placebo (RR 8.40, 95% CI 0.50 to 142.27; participants = 27, studies = 1; very low-certainty evidence) or between antipsychotic and placebo (RR 1.13, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.73; participants = 201, studies = 2; very low-certainty evidence). Furthermore, we found no evidence of a difference in overall dropouts with antidepressant (RR 1.24, 95% CI 0.34 to 4.51; participants = 27, studies = 1; very low-certainty evidence) or antipsychotic monotherapy (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.08; participants = 201, studies = 2; very low-certainty evidence). No evidence suggests a difference in depression response (RR 2.09, 95% CI 0.64 to 6.82; participants = 36, studies = 1; very low-certainty evidence) or overall dropouts (RR 1.79, 95% CI 0.18 to 18.02; participants = 36, studies = 1; very low-certainty evidence) between antidepressant and antipsychotic. For depression response, low- to very low-certainty evidence suggests that the combination of an antidepressant plus an antipsychotic may be more effective than antipsychotic monotherapy (RR 1.83, 95% CI 1.40 to 2.38; participants = 447, studies = 4), more effective than antidepressant monotherapy (RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.80; participants = 245, studies = 5), and more effective than placebo (RR 1.86, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.82; participants = 148, studies = 2). Very low-certainty evidence suggests no difference in overall dropouts between the combination of an antidepressant plus an antipsychotic versus antipsychotic monotherapy (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.01; participants = 447, studies = 4), antidepressant monotherapy (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.55 to 1.50; participants = 245, studies = 5), or placebo alone (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.48 to 1.18; participants = 148, studies = 2). No study measured change in depression severity from baseline, quality of life, or dropouts due to adverse events. We found no RCTs with mifepristone that fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Risk of bias is considerable: we noted differences between studies with regards to diagnosis, uncertainties around randomisation and allocation concealment, treatment interventions (pharmacological differences between various antidepressants and antipsychotics), and outcome criteria. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Psychotic depression is heavily under-studied, limiting confidence in the conclusions drawn. Some evidence indicates that combination therapy with an antidepressant plus an antipsychotic is more effective than either treatment alone or placebo. Evidence is limited for treatment with an antidepressant alone or with an antipsychotic alone. Evidence for efficacy of mifepristone is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edith Liemburg
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Huibert Burger
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - John Geddes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lindsay Robertson
- Cochrane Common Mental Disorders, University of York, York, UK
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Willem A Nolen
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Silva S, Bicker J, Falcão A, Fortuna A. Antidepressants and Circadian Rhythm: Exploring Their Bidirectional Interaction for the Treatment of Depression. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1975. [PMID: 34834391 PMCID: PMC8624696 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientific evidence that circadian rhythms affect pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics has highlighted the importance of drug dosing-time. Circadian oscillations alter drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) as well as intracellular signaling systems, target molecules (e.g., receptors, transporters, and enzymes), and gene transcription. Although several antidepressant drugs are clinically available, less than 50% of depressed patients respond to first-line pharmacological treatments. Chronotherapeutic approaches to enhance the effectiveness of antidepressants are not completely known. Even so, experimental results found until this day suggest a positive influence of drug dosing-time on the efficacy of depression therapy. On the other hand, antidepressants have also demonstrated to modulate circadian rhythmicity and sleep-wake cycles. This review aims to evidence the potential of chronotherapy to improve the efficacy and/or safety of antidepressants. It includes pre-clinical and clinical studies that demonstrate the relevance of determining the most appropriate time of administration for antidepressant drugs. In parallel, their positive influence on the resynchronization of disrupted circadian rhythms is also herein discussed. It is expected that this review will promote the investigation of chronotherapy for the treatment of depression, contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between antidepressants and circadian rhythms, and consequently promote the development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.S.); (A.F.); (A.F.)
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Bicker
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.S.); (A.F.); (A.F.)
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.S.); (A.F.); (A.F.)
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Fortuna
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.S.); (A.F.); (A.F.)
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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de Sousa MBC, de Meiroz Grilo MLP, Galvão-Coelho NL. Natural and Experimental Evidence Drives Marmosets for Research on Psychiatric Disorders Related to Stress. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:674256. [PMID: 34177478 PMCID: PMC8227430 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.674256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the behavioral ecology of marmosets carried out in their natural habitat associated with the advent of a non-invasive technique for measuring steroid hormones in feces has made a significant contribution to understanding their social relationships and sexual strategies. These studies showed that they are mainly monogamous, live in relatively stable social groups according to a social hierarchy in which females compete and males cooperate, and form social bonds similar to humans, which makes this species a potential animal model to study disorders related to social stress. In addition, laboratory studies observed the expression of behaviors similar to those in nature and deepened the descriptions of their social and reproductive strategies. They also characterized their responses to the challenge using behavioral, cognitive, physiological, and genetic approaches that were sexually dimorphic and influenced by age and social context. These findings, added to some advantages which indicate good adaptation to captivity and the benefits of the birth of twins, small size, and life cycle in comparison to primates of the Old World, led to their use as animal models for validating psychiatric diseases such as major depression. Juvenile marmosets have recently been used to develop a depression model and to test a psychedelic brew called Ayahuasca from the Amazon rainforest as an alternative treatment for major depression, for which positive results have been found which encourage further studies in adolescents. Therefore, we will review the experimental evidence obtained so far and discuss the extension of the marmoset as an animal model for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bernardete Cordeiro de Sousa
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Neuroscience, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil.,Laboratory of Advanced Studies in Primates, UFRN-Brazil, and Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Natal, Brazil
| | - Maria Lara Porpino de Meiroz Grilo
- Postgraduation Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil.,Laboratory of Advanced Studies in Primates, UFRN-Brazil, and Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Natal, Brazil
| | - Nicole Leite Galvão-Coelho
- Postgraduation Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil.,Laboratory of Advanced Studies in Primates, UFRN-Brazil, and Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Natal, Brazil.,Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Translational Medicine, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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21
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Carboni E, Carta AR, Carboni E, Novelli A. Repurposing Ketamine in Depression and Related Disorders: Can This Enigmatic Drug Achieve Success? Front Neurosci 2021; 15:657714. [PMID: 33994933 PMCID: PMC8120160 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.657714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Repurposing ketamine in the therapy of depression could well represent a breakthrough in understanding the etiology of depression. Ketamine was originally used as an anesthetic drug and later its use was extended to other therapeutic applications such as analgesia and the treatment of addiction. At the same time, the abuse of ketamine as a recreational drug has generated a concern for its psychotropic and potential long-term effects; nevertheless, its use as a fast acting antidepressant in treatment-resistant patients has boosted the interest in the mechanism of action both in psychiatry and in the wider area of neuroscience. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the actions of ketamine and intends to cover: (i) the evaluation of its clinical use in the treatment of depression and suicidal behavior; (ii) the potential use of ketamine in pediatrics; (iii) a description of its mechanism of action; (iv) the involvement of specific brain areas in producing antidepressant effects; (v) the potential interaction of ketamine with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; (vi) the effect of ketamine on neuronal transmission in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis and on its output; (vii) the evaluation of any gender-dependent effects of ketamine; (viii) the interaction of ketamine with the inflammatory processes involved in depression; (ix) the evaluation of the effects observed with single or repeated administration; (x) a description of any adverse or cognitive effects and its abuse potential. Finally, this review attempts to assess whether ketamine's use in depression can improve our knowledge of the etiopathology of depression and whether its therapeutic effect can be considered an actual cure for depression rather than a therapy merely aimed to control the symptoms of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezio Carboni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Anna R. Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elena Carboni
- Unit of Paediatrics, ASST Cremona Maggiore Hospital, Cremona, Italy
| | - Antonello Novelli
- Department of Psychology and University Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Sanitary Institute of the Princedom of Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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22
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Circadian depression: A mood disorder phenotype. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 126:79-101. [PMID: 33689801 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Major mood syndromes are among the most common and disabling mental disorders. However, a lack of clear delineation of their underlying pathophysiological mechanisms is a major barrier to prevention and optimised treatments. Dysfunction of the 24-h circadian system is a candidate mechanism that has genetic, behavioural, and neurobiological links to mood syndromes. Here, we outline evidence for a new clinical phenotype, which we have called 'circadian depression'. We propose that key clinical characteristics of circadian depression include disrupted 24-h sleep-wake cycles, reduced motor activity, low subjective energy, and weight gain. The illness course includes early age-of-onset, phenomena suggestive of bipolarity (defined by bidirectional associations between objective motor and subjective energy/mood states), poor response to conventional antidepressant medications, and concurrent cardiometabolic and inflammatory disturbances. Identifying this phenotype could be clinically valuable, as circadian-targeted strategies show promise for reducing depressive symptoms and stabilising illness course. Further investigation of underlying circadian disturbances in mood syndromes is needed to evaluate the clinical utility of this phenotype and guide the optimal use of circadian-targeted interventions.
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23
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Bingham KS, Mulsant BH, Dawson DR, Banerjee S, Flint AJ. Relationship of Hair Cortisol with History of Psychosis, Neuropsychological Performance and Functioning in Remitted Later-Life Major Depression. Neuropsychobiology 2021; 80:313-320. [PMID: 33440382 DOI: 10.1159/000512081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction that may persist into remission. Preliminary evidence suggests that this dysfunction may be associated with impaired neuropsychological performance in remitted MDD. MDD with psychotic features ("psychotic depression") is associated with greater neuropsychological and functional impairment than nonpsychotic depression, including in remission. Therefore, the aim of this exploratory study was to examine the relationships among hair cortisol concentration (HCC) - a marker of longer term endogenous cortisol exposure - and history of psychotic features, neuropsychological performance, and functioning in remitted MDD. METHODS This cross-sectional study compared the relationship between HCC and (i) history of psychosis, (ii) neuropsychological performance, and (iii) everyday functioning in a group of 60 participants with remitted later-life MDD using Pearson's correlation coefficients. This study also measured HCC in a group of 36 nonpsychiatric volunteers to examine the clinical significance of HCC in the patient group. RESULTS There were no statistically significant correlations between HCC and history of psychotic features, neuropsychological performance, or functioning. Furthermore, there was no clinically meaningful difference in HCC between patients and nonpsychiatric volunteers. CONCLUSION This study is the first to examine HCC in psychotic depression. The results do not support the hypothesis that impaired neuropsychological performance, and everyday function in remitted psychotic depression is due to a sustained elevation of cortisol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen S Bingham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
- Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
| | - Benoit H Mulsant
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deirdre R Dawson
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samprit Banerjee
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alastair J Flint
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Buch AM, Liston C. Dissecting diagnostic heterogeneity in depression by integrating neuroimaging and genetics. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:156-175. [PMID: 32781460 PMCID: PMC7688954 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a heterogeneous and etiologically complex psychiatric syndrome, not a unitary disease entity, encompassing a broad spectrum of psychopathology arising from distinct pathophysiological mechanisms. Motivated by a need to advance our understanding of these mechanisms and develop new treatment strategies, there is a renewed interest in investigating the neurobiological basis of heterogeneity in depression and rethinking our approach to diagnosis for research purposes. Large-scale genome-wide association studies have now identified multiple genetic risk variants implicating excitatory neurotransmission and synapse function and underscoring a highly polygenic inheritance pattern that may be another important contributor to heterogeneity in depression. Here, we review various sources of phenotypic heterogeneity and approaches to defining and studying depression subtypes, including symptom-based subtypes and biology-based approaches to decomposing the depression syndrome. We review "dimensional," "categorical," and "hybrid" approaches to parsing phenotypic heterogeneity in depression and defining subtypes using functional neuroimaging. Next, we review recent progress in neuroimaging genetics (correlating neuroimaging patterns of brain function with genetic data) and its potential utility for generating testable hypotheses concerning molecular and circuit-level mechanisms. We discuss how genetic variants and transcriptomic profiles may confer risk for depression by modulating brain structure and function. We conclude by highlighting several promising areas for future research into the neurobiological underpinnings of heterogeneity, including efforts to understand sexually dimorphic mechanisms, the longitudinal dynamics of depressive episodes, and strategies for developing personalized treatments and facilitating clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Buch
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, Box 240, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Conor Liston
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, Box 240, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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25
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Nikolac Perkovic M, Sagud M, Tudor L, Konjevod M, Svob Strac D, Pivac N. A Load to Find Clinically Useful Biomarkers for Depression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1305:175-202. [PMID: 33834401 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6044-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Depression is heterogeneous and complex disease with diverse symptoms. Its neurobiological underpinning is still not completely understood. For now, there are still no validated, easy obtainable, clinically useful noninvasive biomarker(s) or biomarker panel that will be able to confirm a diagnosis of depression, its subtypes and improve diagnostic procedures. Future multimodal preclinical and clinical research that involves (epi)genetic, molecular, cellular, imaging, and other studies is necessary to advance our understanding of the role of monoamines, GABA, HPA axis, neurotrophins, metabolome, and glycome in the pathogenesis of depression and their potential as diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment response biomarkers. These studies should be focused to include the first-episode depression and antidepressant drug-naïve patients with large sample sizes to reduce variability in different biological and clinical parameters. At present, metabolomics study revealed with high precision that a neurometabolite panel consisting of plasma metabolite biomarkers (GABA, dopamine, tyramine, kynurenine) might represent clinically useful biomarkers of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matea Nikolac Perkovic
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Sagud
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Tudor
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marcela Konjevod
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Svob Strac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nela Pivac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
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26
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Mishra AA, Marceau K. Co-occurring childhood maltreatment exposure and depressive symptoms in adulthood: Testing differential effects of stress dysregulation and perceived stress. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:1837-1846. [PMID: 31155911 PMCID: PMC6889051 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1619166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Objectives were to explore: 1) the association between sub-groups with different multi-type childhood maltreatment exposures and depressive symptoms in late adulthood, and 2) the mediating effects of dysregulated physiological stress system function and perceived stress in midlife on the aforementioned associations.Methods: Data come from the Biomarker project (n = 1,053) of the Midlife Development in the United States study. Latent profile analysis was used to identify sub-groups with differing childhood maltreatment type and chronicity. We then test our mediation hypothesis using a product of coefficients method procedure.Results: Two vulnerable sub-groups were identified (Class 2: Emotional and physical maltreatment class, n = 52, and Class 3: Sexual abuse class, n = 79) along with a normative sub-group (Class 1: Normative class, n = 922) comprising of a majority of adults. Both vulnerable sub-groups had higher levels of perceived stress in late adulthood. Perceived stress mediated the association between both vulnerable sub-groups and depressive symptoms. Physiological stress dysregulation mediated the association only between the emotional and physical maltreatment class and depressive symptoms in late adulthood.Conclusion: Therapeutic approaches targeted at prevention of perceived stress for both vulnerable sub-groups identified in this study and those targeting physiological dysregulation in addition for the emotional and physical maltreatment class could be critical for depressive symptom recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Mishra
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Kristine Marceau
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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27
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Islam MS, Afrin S, Jones SI, Segars J. Selective Progesterone Receptor Modulators-Mechanisms and Therapeutic Utility. Endocr Rev 2020; 41:bnaa012. [PMID: 32365199 PMCID: PMC8659360 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) are a new class of compounds developed to target the progesterone receptor (PR) with a mix of agonist and antagonist properties. These compounds have been introduced for the treatment of several gynecological conditions based on the critical role of progesterone in reproduction and reproductive tissues. In patients with uterine fibroids, mifepristone and ulipristal acetate have consistently demonstrated efficacy, and vilaprisan is currently under investigation, while studies of asoprisnil and telapristone were halted for safety concerns. Mifepristone demonstrated utility for the management of endometriosis, while data are limited regarding the efficacy of asoprisnil, ulipristal acetate, telapristone, and vilaprisan for this condition. Currently, none of the SPRMs have shown therapeutic success in treating endometrial cancer. Multiple SPRMs have been assessed for efficacy in treating PR-positive recurrent breast cancer, with in vivo studies suggesting a benefit of mifepristone, and multiple in vitro models suggesting the efficacy of ulipristal acetate and telapristone. Mifepristone, ulipristal acetate, vilaprisan, and asoprisnil effectively treated heavy menstrual bleeding (HBM) in patients with uterine fibroids, but limited data exist regarding the efficacy of SPRMs for HMB outside this context. A notable class effect of SPRMs are benign, PR modulator-associated endometrial changes (PAECs) due to the actions of the compounds on the endometrium. Both mifepristone and ulipristal acetate are effective for emergency contraception, and mifepristone was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2012 for the treatment of Cushing's syndrome due to its additional antiglucocorticoid effect. Based on current evidence, SPRMs show considerable promise for treatment of several gynecologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Soriful Islam
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences & Women’s Health Research, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sadia Afrin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences & Women’s Health Research, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sara Isabel Jones
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences & Women’s Health Research, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James Segars
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences & Women’s Health Research, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Dwyer JB, Aftab A, Radhakrishnan R, Widge A, Rodriguez CI, Carpenter LL, Nemeroff CB, McDonald WM, Kalin NH. Hormonal Treatments for Major Depressive Disorder: State of the Art. Am J Psychiatry 2020; 177:686-705. [PMID: 32456504 PMCID: PMC7841732 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.19080848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a common psychiatric disorder associated with marked suffering, morbidity, mortality, and cost. The World Health Organization projects that by 2030, major depression will be the leading cause of disease burden worldwide. While numerous treatments for major depression exist, many patients do not respond adequately to traditional antidepressants. Thus, more effective treatments for major depression are needed, and targeting certain hormonal systems is a conceptually based approach that has shown promise in the treatment of this disorder. A number of hormones and hormone-manipulating compounds have been evaluated as monotherapies or adjunctive treatments for major depression, with therapeutic actions attributable not only to the modulation of endocrine systems in the periphery but also to the CNS effects of hormones on non-endocrine brain circuitry. The authors describe the physiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA), hypothalamic-pituitary thyroid (HPT), and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axes and review the evidence for selected hormone-based interventions for the treatment of depression in order to provide an update on the state of this field for clinicians and researchers. The review focuses on the HPA axis-based interventions of corticotropin-releasing factor antagonists and the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone, the HPT axis-based treatments of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), and the HPG axis-based treatments of estrogen replacement therapy, the progesterone derivative allopregnanolone, and testosterone. While some treatments have largely failed to translate from preclinical studies, others have shown promising initial results and represent active fields of study in the search for novel effective treatments for major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alik Widge
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Carolyn I. Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif., and VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - Linda L. Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Butler Hospital, Brown University, Providence, R.I
| | | | - William M. McDonald
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta
| | - Ned H. Kalin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin–Madison
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- Child Study Center and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Dwyer); Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, and Northcoast Behavioral Healthcare Hospital, Northfield, Ohio (Aftab); Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn. (Radhakrishnan); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Widge); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif., and VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif. (Rodriguez); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Butler Hospital, Brown University, Providence, R.I. (Carpenter); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Austin (Nemeroff); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (McDonald); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison (Kalin)
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29
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Kirlioglu SS, Balcioglu YH. Chronobiology Revisited in Psychiatric Disorders: From a Translational Perspective. Psychiatry Investig 2020; 17:725-743. [PMID: 32750762 PMCID: PMC7449842 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several lines of evidence support a relationship between circadian rhythms disruption in the onset, course, and maintenance of mental disorders. Despite the study of circadian phenotypes promising a decent understanding of the pathophysiologic or etiologic mechanisms of psychiatric entities, several questions still need to be addressed. In this review, we aimed to synthesize the literature investigating chronobiologic theories and their associations with psychiatric entities. METHODS The Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, and Scopus databases were comprehensively and systematically searched and articles published between January 1990 and October 2019 were reviewed. Different combinations of the relevant keywords were polled. We first introduced molecular elements and mechanisms of the circadian system to promote a better understanding of the chronobiologic implications of mental disorders. Then, we comprehensively and systematically reviewed circadian system studies in mood disorders, schizophrenia, and anxiety disorders. RESULTS Although subject characteristics and study designs vary across studies, current research has demonstrated that circadian pathologies, including genetic and neurohumoral alterations, represent the neural substrates of the pathophysiology of many psychiatric disorders. Impaired HPA-axis function-related glucocorticoid rhythm and disrupted melatonin homeostasis have been prominently demonstrated in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, while alterations of molecular expressions of circadian rhythm genes including CLOCK, PER, and CRY have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of mood disorders. CONCLUSION Further translational work is needed to identify the causal relationship between circadian physiology abnormalities and mental disorders and related psychopathology, and to develop sound pharmacologic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simge Seren Kirlioglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Prof Mazhar Osman Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasin Hasan Balcioglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Prof Mazhar Osman Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
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30
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Wang B, Lu S, Zhang C, Zhu L, Li Y, Bai M, Xu E. Quantitative proteomic analysis of the liver reveals antidepressant potential protein targets of Sinisan in a mouse CUMS model of depression. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110565. [PMID: 32745909 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In traditional Chinese medicine, the role of the liver in depression is highly valued, and liver-relieving drugs, such as Sinisan, are often used to treat depression; however, the mechanism whereby these drugs work remains unclear. The present study aimed to reveal possible antidepressant mechanisms of Sinisan (SNS) by analyzing hepatic proteomics in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mice. Using the CUMS mouse model of depression, the antidepressant effects of SNS were assessed by the sucrose preference test (SPT) and forced swimming test (FST). Hepatic differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) after SNS treatment were investigated by tandem mass tag (TMT) based quantitative proteomics analysis. Then, a bioinformatics analysis of DEPs was conducted through hierarchical clustering, Venn analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) annotation enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment. DEP genes were further validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis and western blotting. Behavioral results demonstrated that SNS significantly increased sucrose intake in SPT and shortened the immobility time in FST in model mice. Eighty-two DEPs were identified, including 37 upregulated and 45 downregulated proteins, between model and SNS groups. Enrichment analysis of GO annotations indicated that SNS primarily maintained cellular iron ion homeostasis by iron ion transportation and regulated expression of some extracellular structural proteins for oxidation-reduction processes. KEGG and Venn analysis showed that mineral absorption, steroid hormone biosynthesis and metabolism might be the principal pathways through which SNS acts on depression. Furthermore, several proteins involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of steroid hormone pathways were significantly up/downregulated by SNS, including CYP2B19, CYP7B1 (validated by qRT-PCR) and HSD3b5 (validated by qRT-PCR and western blotting). Our results indicate that SNS plays important roles in antidepressant actions by restoring DEPs, resulting in the biosynthesis and metabolism of steroid hormones. The current results provide novel perspectives for revealing potential protein targets of SNS in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoying Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Modern Research on Zhongjing's Herbal Formulae, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Shuaifei Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changjing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Leilei Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yucheng Li
- Henan Key Laboratory for Modern Research on Zhongjing's Herbal Formulae, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming Bai
- Henan Key Laboratory for Modern Research on Zhongjing's Herbal Formulae, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Erping Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory for Modern Research on Zhongjing's Herbal Formulae, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.
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31
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Lynch CJ, Gunning FM, Liston C. Causes and Consequences of Diagnostic Heterogeneity in Depression: Paths to Discovering Novel Biological Depression Subtypes. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:83-94. [PMID: 32171465 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a highly heterogeneous syndrome that bears only modest correlations with its biological substrates, motivating a renewed interest in rethinking our approach to diagnosing depression for research purposes and new efforts to discover subtypes of depression anchored in biology. Here, we review the major causes of diagnostic heterogeneity in depression, with consideration of both clinical symptoms and behaviors (symptomatology and trajectory of depressive episodes) and biology (genetics and sexually dimorphic factors). Next, we discuss the promise of using data-driven strategies to discover novel subtypes of depression based on functional neuroimaging measures, including dimensional, categorical, and hybrid approaches to parsing diagnostic heterogeneity and understanding its biological basis. The merits of using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging functional connectivity techniques for subtyping are considered along with a set of technical challenges and potential solutions. We conclude by identifying promising future directions for defining neurobiologically informed depression subtypes and leveraging them in the future for predicting treatment outcomes and informing clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Lynch
- Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Faith M Gunning
- Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Conor Liston
- Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
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Premorbid sleep, appetite, energy, and cognitive circadian profile in patients with depressive disorders. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 25:461-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 01/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAimAlterations of biological rhythms are well recognized to play a crucial role in the origin and maintenance of depression, but little is known about the profile of circadian rhythms at a premorbid age in adult depressed patients. The present study was aimed at investigating the association, if any, of depressive disorders with biological and behavioural rhythm modifications both at the time of observation and at an earlier age than the clinical onset of depression. The hypothesis was that such modifications could be an early biological index of vulnerability to the illness.Subjects and methodsOne hundred and seventy-eight patients affected by DSM-IV Major Depressive Disorder were examined/observed, compared to a group of 178 matched healthy subjects. All the included subjects were asked to fill in a retrospective questionnaire reporting time of awakening and falling asleep and time of subjective peaks of appetite, energy and cognitive function during “Adolescence” (12–15 years), “Youth” (16–20 years) and “Present condition” periods.ResultsAn advance of awakening time by about 20 minutes during “Adolescence” was reported in the depressed subjects as compared to the controls. Awakening is also reported as significantly (P < 0.001) advanced by about 36 minutes during “Youth” in depressed patients, while time of falling asleep at the same age in the patients group shows 19 minutes delay. Regarding “Present condition” an advance of awakening time (33 minutes) in depressed patients was reported, in association with a delay of the subjective peak of cognitive functioning (62 minutes).DiscussionDepressed patients show clear-cut differences in sleep pattern as compared to controls, consisting in a constant and significant advance of awakening time, while the time of sleep onset never reaches any statistical difference between the groups throughout ages.ConclusionsThe results are consistent with the hypothesis that early alterations of the general circadian profile can contribute to the onset of adult life Major Depressive Disorders.
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Iegaki N, Narita Y, Hattori N, Hirata Y, Ichihara K. Royal jelly reduces depression-like behavior through possible effects on adrenal steroidogenesis in a murine model of unpredictable chronic mild stress. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:606-612. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1691496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Royal jelly (RJ) is used as a dietary supplement for human health promotion. Recently, a clinical trial has reported that RJ improved mental health. The present study was conducted to experimentally support the clinical effect of RJ on mental health and to further elucidate the mechanisms of action of RJ. RJ and an ethanol extract of RJ, which contains fatty acids but not proteins, inhibited an unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS)-induced increase in immobility time, a depression-like behavior, in the tail suspension test. DNA microarray analysis of the adrenal grand revealed that the expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism was up-regulated in response to UCMS exposure and that RJ suppressed expression of genes related to cholesterol synthesis and transport. These results suggested that RJ improves stress-induced depression-like behavior by regulating adrenal steroidogenesis and that fatty acids contained in RJ partly contribute to the antidepressant effect of RJ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yukio Narita
- Nagaragawa Research Center, Api Co., Ltd., Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Yoko Hirata
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Abstract
Psychiatric illnesses, including depression and anxiety, are highly comorbid with epilepsy (for review see Josephson and Jetté (Int Rev Psychiatry 29:409-424, 2017), Salpekar and Mula (Epilepsy Behav 98:293-297, 2019)). Psychiatric comorbidities negatively impact the quality of life of patients (Johnson et al., Epilepsia 45:544-550, 2004; Cramer et al., Epilepsy Behav 4:515-521, 2003) and present a significant challenge to treating patients with epilepsy (Hitiris et al., Epilepsy Res 75:192-196, 2007; Petrovski et al., Neurology 75:1015-1021, 2010; Fazel et al., Lancet 382:1646-1654, 2013) (for review see Kanner (Seizure 49:79-82, 2017)). It has long been acknowledged that there is an association between psychiatric illnesses and epilepsy. Hippocrates, in the fourth-fifth century B.C., considered epilepsy and melancholia to be closely related in which he writes that "melancholics ordinarily become epileptics, and epileptics, melancholics" (Lewis, J Ment Sci 80:1-42, 1934). The Babylonians also recognized the frequency of psychosis in patients with epilepsy (Reynolds and Kinnier Wilson, Epilepsia 49:1488-1490, 2008). Despite the fact that the relationship between psychiatric comorbidities and epilepsy has been recognized for thousands of years, psychiatric illnesses in people with epilepsy still commonly go undiagnosed and untreated (Hermann et al., Epilepsia 41(Suppl 2):S31-S41, 2000) and systematic research in this area is still lacking (Devinsky, Epilepsy Behav 4(Suppl 4):S2-S10, 2003). Thus, although it is clear that these are not new issues, there is a need for improvements in the screening and management of patients with psychiatric comorbidities in epilepsy (Lopez et al., Epilepsy Behav 98:302-305, 2019) and progress is needed to understand the underlying neurobiology contributing to these comorbid conditions. To that end, this chapter will raise awareness regarding the scope of the problem as it relates to comorbid psychiatric illnesses and epilepsy and review our current understanding of the potential mechanisms contributing to these comorbidities, focusing on both basic science and clinical research findings.
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Scaroni C, Albiger NM, Palmieri S, Iacuaniello D, Graziadio C, Damiani L, Zilio M, Stigliano A, Colao A, Pivonello R. Approach to patients with pseudo-Cushing's states. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:R1-R13. [PMID: 31846432 PMCID: PMC6993268 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The distinction between pseudo-Cushing's states (PCS) and Cushing's syndrome (CS) poses a significant clinical challenge even for expert endocrinologists. A patient's clinical history can sometimes help to distinguish between them (as in the case of alcoholic individuals), but the overlap in clinical and laboratory findings makes it difficult to arrive at a definitive diagnosis. We aim to describe the most common situations that can give rise to a condition resembling overt endogenous hypercortisolism and try to answer questions that physicians often face in clinical practice. It is important to know the relative prevalence of these different situations, bearing in mind that most of the conditions generating PCS are relatively common (such as metabolic syndrome and polycystic ovary syndrome), while CS is rare in the general population. Physicians should consider CS in the presence of additional features. Appropriate treatment of underlying conditions is essential as it can reverse the hormonal abnormalities associated with PCS. Close surveillance and a thorough assessment of a patient's hormone status will ultimately orient the diagnosis and treatment options over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Scaroni
- Dipartimento di Medicina, U.O.C. Endocrinologia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Correspondence should be addressed to C Scaroni:
| | - Nora M Albiger
- Dipartimento di Medicina, U.O.C. Endocrinologia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Serena Palmieri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Iacuaniello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Chiara Graziadio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Damiani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Zilio
- Dipartimento di Medicina, U.O.C. Endocrinologia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Stigliano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosario Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
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Baseline cortisol and the efficacy of antiglucocorticoid treatment in mood disorders: A meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 110:104420. [PMID: 31499391 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperactivity of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis and high cortisol levels have been widely reported in patients with mood disorders but previous clinical trials investigating the efficacy of antiglucocorticoid treatment in this population have reported inconsistent findings. The inconsistencies among these studies may be because not all patients with mood disorders have increased HPA axis activity and therefore might not benefit from antiglucocorticoid treatment. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate whether baseline cortisol levels influence the efficacy of antiglucocorticoid drugs in patients with mood disorders. METHODS PubMed and Scopus databases were searched systematically up to October 2018. We included studies using metyrapone, ketoconazole or mifepristone in patients with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder with psychotic symptoms. We tested for a difference in cortisol levels between responders (a reduction equal to or greater than 30% on depression scales following antiglucocorticoid treatment) and non-responders (a reduction of less than 30% on depression scales). We performed a meta-analysis to look specifically at differences in cortisol levels in the sample of patients treated with cortisol synthesis inhibitors (metyrapone and ketoconazole) and in those treated with glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist (mifepristone). RESULTS We were able to retrieve data from 11 of the 16 selected studies and to include 9 studies in the meta-analysis. In the overall sample (N = 846), responders had similar baseline cortisol levels compared with non-responders (standardised mean difference, SMD = -0.03, 95% CI [-0.17, 0.12], p = 0.75). In the group of patients treated with cortisol synthesis inhibitors, responders (N = 109) had significantly higher peripheral baseline cortisol levels compared with non-responders (SMD = 0.42, 95% CI [0.01, 0.83], p = 0.047). In the group of patients treated with a GR antagonist (N = 737), both responders and non-responders had similar baseline cortisol levels (SMD = -0.09, 95% CI [-0.25, 0.07], p = 0.26). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that only patients with higher cortisol levels at baseline benefit from treatment with cortisol synthesis inhibitors and support a potential role for cortisol as a predictive biomarker for treatment with cortisol synthesis inhibitors in patients with mood disorders.
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Cherian K, Schatzberg AF, Keller J. HPA axis in psychotic major depression and schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Cortisol, clinical symptomatology, and cognition. Schizophr Res 2019; 213:72-79. [PMID: 31307859 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis has been implicated in the pathophysiology of a variety of mood and cognitive disorders. Neuroendocrine studies have demonstrated HPA axis overactivity in major depression, a relationship of HPA axis activity to cognitive performance, and a potential role of HPA axis genetic variation in cognition. In schizophrenia differential HPA activity has been found, including higher rates of non-suppression to dexamethasone challenge and higher salivary cortisol levels, which have been a premonitory risk factor for conversion to psychosis in adolescents at risk for developing schizophrenia. The present study investigated the simultaneous roles HPA axis activity and clinical symptomatology play in poor cognitive performance. Patients with major depression with psychosis (PMD) or schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SCZ) and healthy controls (HC) were studied. All participants underwent a diagnostic interview and psychiatric ratings, a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, and overnight hourly blood sampling for cortisol. Cognitive performance did not differ between the clinical groups, though they both performed more poorly than the HC's across a variety of cognitive domains. Across all subjects, cognitive performance was negatively correlated with higher cortisol, and PMD patients had higher evening cortisol levels than did SCZ and HCs. Cortisol and clinical symptoms, as well as age, sex, and antipsychotic use predicted cognitive performance. Diathesis stress models and their links to symptomatology, cognition, and HPA function are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Cherian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States of America; Palo Alto University, United States of America
| | - Alan F Schatzberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Keller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States of America.
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Human milk as "chrononutrition": implications for child health and development. Pediatr Res 2019; 85:936-942. [PMID: 30858473 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human biology follows recurring daily rhythms that are governed by circadian cues in the environment. Here we show that human milk is a powerful form of "chrononutrition," formulated to communicate time-of-day information to infants. However, 85% of breastfed infants in the US consume some milk that does not come directly from the breast but is pumped and stored in advance of feeding. Expressed milk is not necessarily circadian-matched (e.g., an infant might drink breastmilk pumped in the evening on the following morning). Ingesting mistimed milk may disrupt infants' developing circadian rhythms, potentially contributing to sleep problems and decreased physiological attunement with their mothers and environments. Dysregulated circadian biology may compromise infant health and development. Despite wide-ranging public health implications, the timing of milk delivery has received little empirical study, and no major pediatric or public health organization has issued recommendations regarding the circadian-matching of milk. However, potential adverse developmental and health consequences could be ameliorated by simple, low-cost interventions to label and circadian-match stored milk. The current paper reviews evidence for human milk as chrononutrition and makes recommendations for future research, practice, and policy.
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Nandam LS, Brazel M, Zhou M, Jhaveri DJ. Cortisol and Major Depressive Disorder-Translating Findings From Humans to Animal Models and Back. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:974. [PMID: 32038323 PMCID: PMC6987444 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a global problem for which current pharmacotherapies are not completely effective. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction has long been associated with MDD; however, the value of assessing cortisol as a biological benchmark of the pathophysiology or treatment of MDD is still debated. In this review, we critically evaluate the relationship between HPA axis dysfunction and cortisol level in relation to MDD subtype, stress, gender and treatment regime, as well as in rodent models. We find that an elevated cortisol response to stress is associated with acute and severe, but not mild or atypical, forms of MDD. Furthermore, the increased incidence of MDD in females is associated with greater cortisol response variability rather than higher baseline levels of cortisol. Despite almost all current MDD treatments influencing cortisol levels, we could find no convincing relationship between cortisol level and therapeutic response in either a clinical or preclinical setting. Thus, we argue that the absolute level of cortisol is unreliable for predicting the efficacy of antidepressant treatment. We propose that future preclinical models should reliably produce exaggerated HPA axis responses to acute or chronic stress a priori, which may, or may not, alter baseline cortisol levels, while also modelling the core symptoms of MDD that can be targeted for reversal. Combining genetic and environmental risk factors in such a model, together with the interrogation of the resultant molecular, cellular, and behavioral changes, promises a new mechanistic understanding of MDD and focused therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Sanjay Nandam
- Mental Health Unit, Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: L. Sanjay Nandam, ; Dhanisha J. Jhaveri,
| | - Matthew Brazel
- Mental Health Unit, Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Mei Zhou
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dhanisha J. Jhaveri
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: L. Sanjay Nandam, ; Dhanisha J. Jhaveri,
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Leone M, Lalande D, Thériault L, Kalinova É, Fortin A. Effects of an exercise program on the physiological, biological and psychological profiles in patients with mood disorders: a pilot study. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2018; 22:268-273. [PMID: 29334283 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2018.1425458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the impact of an 8-week physical training program on physiological, biological and psychological profiles in individual with mood disorders. Methods: Seven patients participated in the study. Patients were trained twice weekly (75 min/session) for 8 weeks. The training program aimed to improve muscular and cardiorespiratory reserves as well as functional capacity. Bioassays were also measured (lipid profile, blood glucose and cortisol). Depression, sleep quality and body image dissatisfaction were assessed. All measures were administrated at pre/post-intervention. Results: At post-intervention, 13 of the 15 physiological fitness, muscular strength and functional capacity variables improved significantly (p < .05). In addition, change in cortisol levels represented a medium to large effect size (Cohen's d = -0.67) which indicates a clinical reduction of stress-related symptoms. Depression was significantly improved (Cohen's d = -0.47; p = .027). Sleep and body image showed a trend-level improvement. Conclusions: An 8-week periodised training program improved physiological, biological and psychological profiles in patients with mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Leone
- a Division of Kinesiology, Department of Health Sciences , Université du Québec à Chicoutimi , Saguenay , Canada Québec
| | - Daniel Lalande
- a Division of Kinesiology, Department of Health Sciences , Université du Québec à Chicoutimi , Saguenay , Canada Québec
| | - Linda Thériault
- a Division of Kinesiology, Department of Health Sciences , Université du Québec à Chicoutimi , Saguenay , Canada Québec
| | - Émilia Kalinova
- b Department of Physical Activity Sciences , Université du Québec à Montréal , Québec, Canada
| | - Audrey Fortin
- c Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Chicoutimi , Saguenay, Québec , Canada
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Peters AT, Smith RA, Kassel MT, Hagan M, Maki P, Van Meter A, Briceño EM, Ryan KA, Weldon AL, Weisenbach SL, Starkman MN, Langenecker SA. A pilot investigation of differential neuroendocrine associations with fronto-limbic activation during semantically-cued list learning in mood disorders. J Affect Disord 2018; 239:180-191. [PMID: 30014958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased volume and disrupted function in neural structures essential for memory formation (e.g. medial temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex) are common among individuals with depression. Hypothalamic-pituitary-axis function, as reflected by measurement of cortisol levels, is linked to neural activity during memory encoding in healthy people. However, it is not as well understood whether cortisol is associated with alterations in fronto-temporal recruitment during memory encoding in depression. METHODS In this pilot study, we evaluated associations between cortisol and neural activation during memory encoding in 62 adults (18-65 years) with mood disorders (MD; n = 39, 66.7% female), including major depression (n = 28) and bipolar I disorder (n = 11), and healthy controls (HC; n = 23, 43.5% female). Participants provided salivary cortisol samples before and after completing a semantically-cued list-learning task during 3-Tesla fMRI. Links between pre-scan cortisol (and cortisol change) and activation during encoding were evaluated using block and event-related models. RESULTS Overall, pre-scan cortisol level was positively associated with greater engagement of fronto-limbic activation during the encoding block. However, in MD, pre-scan cortisol was associated with attenuated activation during encoding in medial frontal, superior and middle temporal gyri, insula, lingual gyrus, and claustrum relative to HCs. Cortisol-related attenuation of activation in MD was also observed during encoding of words subsequently recalled in the ventral anterior cingulate, hypothalamus, and middle temporal gyrus. By and large, cortisol change (pre/post scan) predicted the same pattern of findings in both block and event-related contrasts. LIMITATIONS Although analyses accounted for variations in scanner time of day, circadian alterations in cortisol may have introduced variability into the results. CONCLUSIONS Pre-scan cortisol may selectively interfere with recruitment of important fronto-temporal memory circuitry in mood disorders. The inverted associations between cortisol and neural function in MD relative to HC also elucidate potentially unique pathophysiological markers of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Peters
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | - R A Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | - M T Kassel
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, USA
| | - M Hagan
- Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - P Maki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | - A Van Meter
- Department of Psychiatry Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, USA
| | - E M Briceño
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, USA
| | - K A Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, USA
| | - A L Weldon
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - S L Weisenbach
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, USA; VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, USA
| | - M N Starkman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, USA
| | - S A Langenecker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
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Ferrer A, Costas J, Labad J, Salvat-Pujol N, Segalàs C, Urretavizcaya M, Real E, de Arriba-Arnau A, Alonso P, Crespo JM, Barrachina M, Soriano-Mas C, Carracedo Á, Menchón JM, Soria V. FKBP5 polymorphisms and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis negative feedback in major depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 104:227-234. [PMID: 30107269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have both been linked to abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Polymorphisms in the genes involved in HPA axis activity, such as FKBP5, and their interactions with childhood trauma have been associated with stress-related mental disorders. Our goal was to study the role of FKBP5 genetic variants in HPA axis negative feedback regulation as a possible risk factor for different mental disorders such as MDD and OCD, while controlling for childhood trauma, anxiety and depressive symptoms. The sample included 266 participants divided into three groups: 1) MDD (n = 89 [n = 73 melancholic; n = 3 atypical]), 2) OCD (n = 51; 39% with comorbid MDD [n = 13 melancholic; n = 7 atypical]) and 3) healthy controls (n = 126). Childhood trauma, trait anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed. HPA negative feedback was analyzed using the dexamethasone suppression test ratio (DSTR) after administration of 0.25 mg of dexamethasone. Twelve SNPs in the FKBP5 gene were selected for genotyping. Multiple linear regressions, after adjusting for the covariates considered, showed a reduced DSTR in individuals with the rs9470079-A variant that was significant after correction for multiple testing. Childhood trauma did not moderate the association between the rs9470079 and DSTR. Our results support the evidence that FKBP5 genetic variation could lead to abnormal HPA axis negative feedback independent of diagnosis. Therefore, this association can be identified as a transdiagnostic feature, offering an interesting opportunity to identify patients with higher stress vulnerability. Further studies focusing on the influence of FKBP5 on measurable biological endophenotypes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Ferrer
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Costas
- Grupo de Xenética Psiquiátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo Galego de Saúde, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier Labad
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Spain
| | - Neus Salvat-Pujol
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cinto Segalàs
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Spain
| | - Mikel Urretavizcaya
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Real
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Spain
| | - Aida de Arriba-Arnau
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pino Alonso
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Crespo
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Barrachina
- Neuropathology Group, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Carlos III Health Institute, Spain
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Spain; Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Servicio Galego de Saúde, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Centro Nacional de Genotipado - Instituto Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Carlos III Health Institute, Spain
| | - José M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia Soria
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Miller JM, Zanderigo F, Purushothaman PD, DeLorenzo C, Rubin-Falcone H, Ogden RT, Keilp J, Oquendo MA, Nabulsi N, Huang YH, Parsey RV, Carson RE, Mann JJ. Kappa opioid receptor binding in major depression: A pilot study. Synapse 2018; 72:e22042. [PMID: 29935119 PMCID: PMC7599086 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous kappa opioids mediate pathological responses to stress in animal models. However, the relationship of the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) to life stress and to psychopathology in humans is not well described. This pilot study sought, for the first time, to quantify KOR in major depressive disorder (MDD) in vivo in humans using positron emission tomography (PET). KOR binding was quantified in vivo by PET imaging with the [11 C]GR103545 radiotracer in 13 healthy volunteers and 10 participants with current MDD. We examined the relationship between regional [11 C]GR103545 total volume of distribution (VT ) and diagnosis, childhood trauma, recent life stress, and, in a subsample, salivary cortisol levels during a modified Trier Social Stress Test (mTSST), amygdala, hippocampus, ventral striatum and raphe nuclei. Whole-brain voxel-wise analyses were also performed. [11 C]GR103545 VT did not differ significantly between MDD participants and healthy volunteers in the four a priori ROIs (p = 0.50). [11 C]GR103545 VT was unrelated to reported childhood adversity (p = 0.17) or recent life stress (p = 0.56). A trend-level inverse correlation was observed between [11 C]GR103545 VT and cortisol area-under-the curve with respect to ground during the mTSST (p = 0.081). No whole-brain voxel-wise contrasts were significant. Regional [11 C]GR103545 VT , a measure of in vivo KOR binding, does not differentiate MDD from healthy volunteers in this pilot sample. Future studies may examine KOR binding in subgroups of depressed individuals at increased risk for KOR abnormalities, including co-occurring mood and substance use disorders, as well as depression with psychotic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M. Miller
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Francesca Zanderigo
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | | | - Christine DeLorenzo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stony Brook University School of Medicine
| | - Harry Rubin-Falcone
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - R. Todd Ogden
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - John Keilp
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Maria A. Oquendo
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Yiyun H. Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Ramin V. Parsey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stony Brook University School of Medicine
| | - Richard E. Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - J. John Mann
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY
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Alageel A, Tomasi J, Tersigni C, Brietzke E, Zuckerman H, Subramaniapillai M, Lee Y, Iacobucci M, Rosenblat JD, Mansur RB, McIntyre RS. Evidence supporting a mechanistic role of sirtuins in mood and metabolic disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 86:95-101. [PMID: 29802856 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases that play essential roles in cell survival, energy metabolism, inflammation, and aging; therefore, sirtuins are potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, cancer, inflammatory and metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. Available evidence provides the basis for hypothesizing that sirtuins 1, 2, and 3 (SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT3) may have a mechanistic role subserving mood disorders (i.e. downregulation) and associated co-morbidity (e.g. metabolic disorders). Specifically, the domains of general cognitive processes, as well as cognitive emotional processing may be particularly relevant to sirtuin physiology. Given the role of sirtuins in the perpetuation of circadian rhythmicity, and evidence of dysfunctional circadian cycling in mood disorders, sirtuins may be an underlying etiological factor that links circadian rhythm functionality with mood disorders. Caloric restriction, and caloric restriction mimetics (e.g. resveratrol) are all capable of upregulating sirtuin isoforms implicated in stress response syndromes. Repurposing existing treatments and/or discovery of novel agents capable of modulating sirtuin physiology may represent genuinely novel approaches for trans-diagnostic domains affected in mood disorders and other brain-based illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asem Alageel
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Tomasi
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claudia Tersigni
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hannah Zuckerman
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mehala Subramaniapillai
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yena Lee
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; The Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Iacobucci
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua D Rosenblat
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; The Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Nguyen TTL, Chan LC, Borreginne K, Kale RP, Hu C, Tye SJ. A review of brain insulin signaling in mood disorders: From biomarker to clinical target. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 92:7-15. [PMID: 29758232 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Patients with mood disorders are at increased risk for metabolic dysfunction. Co-occurrence of the two conditions is typically associated with a more severe disease course and poorer treatment outcomes. The specific pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this bidirectional relationship between mood and metabolic dysfunction remains poorly understood. However, it is likely that impairment of metabolic processes within the brain play a critical role. The insulin signaling pathway mediates metabolic homeostasis and is important in the regulation of neurotrophic and synaptic plasticity processes, including those involved in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. Thus, insulin signaling in the brain may serve to link metabolic function and mood. Central insulin signaling is mediated through locally secreted insulin and widespread insulin receptor expression. Here we review the preclinical and clinical data addressing the relationships between central insulin signaling, cellular metabolism, neurotrophic processes, and mood regulation, including key points of mechanistic overlap. These relationships have important implications for developing biomarker-based diagnostics and precision medicine approaches to treat severe mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Thanh L Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States; Department of Biology and Psychology, Green Mountain College, 1 Brennan Cir, Poultney, VT, 05764, United States
| | - Lily C Chan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States
| | - Kristin Borreginne
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States
| | - Rajas P Kale
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States; School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Chunling Hu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States
| | - Susannah J Tye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, 3 Morrill Hall, 100 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, United States; School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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46
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Li X, Wu T, Yu Z, Li T, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Cai M, Zhang W, Xiang J, Cai D. Apocynum venetum leaf extract reverses depressive-like behaviors in chronically stressed rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 100:394-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Davis EG, Keller J, Hallmayer J, Pankow HR, Murphy GM, Gotlib IH, Schatzberg AF. Corticotropin-releasing factor 1 receptor haplotype and cognitive features of major depression. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:5. [PMID: 29317606 PMCID: PMC5802461 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing factor signaling through CRF receptor type 1 (CRF1) has been shown to contribute to learning and memory function. A haplotype of alleles T-A-T in a set of common polymorphisms in the gene encoding for CRF1 (CRHR1) has been associated with both depression vulnerability and alterations in cognitive functioning. The present study investigated the relations between the TAT haplotype and specific symptoms of depression, self-reported ruminative behaviors, and neuropsychological performance on a learning and memory task. Participants were adults with major depression with and without psychotic features (N = 406). Associations were examined between TAT haplotype and endorsement of depression symptoms from diagnostic interviews, scores on the rumination response scale (RRS), and verbal memory performance on the California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II). All analyses included depression subtype, age, and sex as covariates; CVLT-II analyses also included evening cortisol levels. Across the entire sample, carriers of more copies of the TAT haplotype reported greater endorsement of the symptom describing difficulty concentrating and making decisions. In separate subsamples, TAT homozygotes had higher rumination scores on the RRS, both brooding and reflection subscales, and more TAT copies were associated with poorer CVLT-II performance in both total learning and free recall trials. These data demonstrate that the CRHR1 TAT haplotype is associated with cognitive features of depression including difficulty with decision-making, higher rumination, and poorer learning and memory. It will be important in future research to identify the specific molecular mechanisms for CRF1 signaling that contribute to depression-related cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Goetz Davis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.
| | - Jennifer Keller
- 0000000419368956grid.168010.eDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Joachim Hallmayer
- 0000000419368956grid.168010.eDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Heather Ryan Pankow
- 0000000419368956grid.168010.eDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Greer M. Murphy
- 0000000419368956grid.168010.eDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Ian H. Gotlib
- 0000000419368956grid.168010.eDepartment of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Alan F. Schatzberg
- 0000000419368956grid.168010.eDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
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48
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Chaves Filho AJM, Lima CNC, Vasconcelos SMM, de Lucena DF, Maes M, Macedo D. IDO chronic immune activation and tryptophan metabolic pathway: A potential pathophysiological link between depression and obesity. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 80:234-249. [PMID: 28595944 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and depression are among the most pressing health problems in the contemporary world. Obesity and depression share a bidirectional relationship, whereby each condition increases the risk of the other. By inference, shared pathways may underpin the comorbidity between obesity and depression. Activation of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is a key factor in the pathophysiology of depression. CMI cytokines, including IFN-γ, TNFα and IL-1β, induce the catabolism of tryptophan (TRY) by stimulating indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) resulting in the synthesis of kynurenine (KYN) and other tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs). In the CNS, TRYCATs have been related to oxidative damage, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, cytotoxicity, excitotoxicity, neurotoxicity and lowered neuroplasticity. The pathophysiology of obesity is also associated with a state of aberrant inflammation that activates aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a pathway involved in the detection of intracellular or environmental changes as well as with increases in the production of TRYCATs, being KYN an agonists of AHR. Both AHR and TRYCATS are involved in obesity and related metabolic disorders. These changes in the TRYCAT pathway may contribute to the onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms in obesity. This paper reviews the role of immune activation, IDO stimulation and increased TRYCAT production in the pathophysiology of depression and obesity. Here we suggest that increased synthesis of detrimental TRYCATs is implicated in comorbid obesity and depression and is a new drug target to treat both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano José Maia Chaves Filho
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Camila Nayane Carvalho Lima
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Silvânia Maria Mendes Vasconcelos
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - David Freitas de Lucena
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Michael Maes
- Impact Strategic Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Danielle Macedo
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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49
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Yu H, Li X, Li X, Qi F, Peng B, Jiang Z, Wang Z. Social isolation of mice: activity rhythm changes and the expression of clock. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2017.1395529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yu
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuepei Li
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Qi
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Peng
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhou Jiang
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengrong Wang
- China Health Ministry Key Lab of Chronobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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50
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de Oliveira MR, Chenet AL, Duarte AR, Scaini G, Quevedo J. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Anti-depressant Effects of Resveratrol: a Review. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4543-4559. [PMID: 28695536 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0680-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Major depression is a public health problem, affecting 121 million people worldwide. Patients suffering from depression present high rates of morbidity, causing profound economic and social impacts. Furthermore, patients with depression present cognitive impairments, which could influence on treatment adherence and long-term outcomes. The pathophysiology of major depression is not completely understood yet but involves reduced levels of monoamine neurotransmitters, bioenergetics, and redox disturbances, as well as inflammation and neuronal loss. Treatment with anti-depressants provides a complete remission of symptoms in approximately 50% of patients with major depression. However, these drugs may cause side effects, as sedation and weight gain. In this context, there is increasing interest in studies focusing on the anti-depressant effects of natural compounds found in the diet. Resveratrol is a polyphenolic phytoalexin (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene; C14H12O3; MW 228.247 g/mol) and has been found in peanuts, berries, grapes, and wine and induces anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects in several mammalian cell types. Resveratrol also elicits anti-depressant effects, as observed in experimental models using animals. Therefore, resveratrol may be viewed as a potential anti-depressant agent, as well as may serve as a model of molecule to be modified aiming to ameliorate depressive symptoms in humans. In the present review, we describe and discuss the anti-depressant effects of resveratrol focusing on the mechanism of action of this phytoalexin in different experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Departamento de Química (DQ), Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra (ICET), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Cuiabá, MT, CEP 78060-900, Brazil.
| | - Aline Lukasievicz Chenet
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Departamento de Química (DQ), Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra (ICET), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Cuiabá, MT, CEP 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Adriane Ribeiro Duarte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Departamento de Química (DQ), Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra (ICET), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Cuiabá, MT, CEP 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, |The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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