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Pérez-Hernández M, García-Hernández JP, Hidalgo-Aguirre RM, Guevara MA, Robles-Aguirre FA, Hernández-González M. Electroencephalographic activity during direct breastfeeding and breast milk expression in primiparous mothers. Early Hum Dev 2024; 189:105945. [PMID: 38271767 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.105945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Breastfeeding is recognized worldwide as the best option for infant feeding. Expressing breast milk is an alternative for mothers to provide their infants all the benefits of maternal milk. During breast milk expression, mothers receive a distinct kind of sensory stimulation, because there is no direct bodily or affective interaction with their infants, many women report feeling isolated, generating a love-hate relation with pumping, and even low levels of satisfaction while expressing breast milk. While it is well known that the prefrontal, parietal, and temporal cortices play important roles in the emotional and cognitive processing of maternal stimuli, knowledge about how these cortical areas function during breastfeeding is lacking. This study was designed to characterize EEG activity in the prefrontal and parietal cortices and the affective scores of primiparous breastfeeding mothers during two conditions of milk expression: breast milk expression and direct breastfeeding. Participants reported higher valence and arousal and a pleasant state during direct breastfeeding. In the direct breastfeeding condition, both prefrontal areas showed a higher absolute power (AP) of the slow bands, with a lower AP of the alpha band in the parietal cortex. A lower correlation between frontopolar and dorsolateral areas with a higher correlation between prefrontal and parietal cortices was obtained mainly in the right hemisphere. This EEG activity could be linked to an internal state of focused attention and, simultaneously, open monitoring of the environment that suggests an integration of the motive-emotional and cognitive processes necessary for adequate mother-baby interaction during direct breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pérez-Hernández
- Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carr. Federal No. 23, Km. 191, C.P. 46200 Colotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - J P García-Hernández
- Universidad Tecnológica de México - UNITEC MÉXICO - Campus Guadalajara, Mexico; Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Guadalajara - Ameca Km. 45.5, C.P. 46600 Ameca, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - R M Hidalgo-Aguirre
- Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Guadalajara - Ameca Km. 45.5, C.P. 46600 Ameca, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - M A Guevara
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Francisco de Quevedo 180, Colonia Arcos-Vallarta, C.P. 44130 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - F A Robles-Aguirre
- Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carr. Federal No. 23, Km. 191, C.P. 46200 Colotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - M Hernández-González
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Francisco de Quevedo 180, Colonia Arcos-Vallarta, C.P. 44130 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Gemignani M, Giannotti M, Rigo P, de Falco S. Attentional bias to infant faces might be associated with previous care experiences and involvement in childcare in same-sex mothers. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2024; 24:100419. [PMID: 37885912 PMCID: PMC10598538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Attentional bias toward infant faces is associated with parental sensitivity and supports the infant-caregiver attachment relationship, ultimately fostering child health outcomes. However, experience-related determinants of parents' attentional bias to infant faces have been poorly investigated. We examined attentional bias to infant versus adult faces in a sample of same-sex mothers (N = 76), and whether it varied depending on maternal involvement in childcare and the perceived quality of past experiences of care. Method A Go/no-Go attentional task was used to compare the effects of infant and adult faces in retaining attention. Maternal involvement in childcare was measured using items addressing nurturing behaviors. Memories of past experiences of care were collected using the short-form version of the Parental Acceptance-Rejection scale. Results Results confirmed that infant faces induced greater attentional bias compared to adult faces. More involved mothers were more biased, in terms of attention, to infant versus adult faces. Attentional bias to infant versus adult faces increased as mothers felt more rejected by their own fathers during childhood. Discussion Our findings suggested that attentional bias to infant faces might be associated with past experiences of care and direct commitment in childcare in same-sex mothers. Robust and accurate empirical findings on same-sex parent families are essential to inform social policies supporting these families' well being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micol Gemignani
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto 38068, TN, Italy
| | - Michele Giannotti
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto 38068, TN, Italy
| | - Paola Rigo
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Padova 35131, PD, Italy
| | - Simona de Falco
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto 38068, TN, Italy
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Sun T, Xiao F, Liang PP, Luo J. The influence of perceptual and semantic chunking on the neural mechanism of remote association. Psych J 2023; 12:618-627. [PMID: 37487553 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Studies on remote association tests (RATs) have mainly focused on cognitive processes involved in searching for remote associations. However, factors affecting these search processes and remote associations remain unclear. In order to address this issue, this study compared non-chunking condition (e.g., "//") with perceptual chunking (two red color characters in the three-character item "//") and semantic chunking (high-frequency word-pair in the item; e.g., "//", "," literally "philosophy") conditions in the Chinese Remote Association Test (CRAT). The behavioral results on the CRAT found that the semantic ones resulted in significantly lower successful solving rates and longer response times than the other two conditions. The event-related potential (ERP) results showed that in contrast to the perceptual-chunking and the non-chunking condition, the semantic-chunking elicited enhanced P200, which might be related to the intuitive awareness of the mental fixation. However, relative to the non-chunking condition, the two chunking conditions evoked increased N400 and late positive component (LPC), indexing the late reflection and implementation of cognitive control. Our results suggest that it is the early awareness of the semantic chunk, rather than the general cognitive control process involved in representing and solving the semantically and perceptually chunk-induced interferences, that critically determines the final solving of RATs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie Sun
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Pei-Peng Liang
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Luo
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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Toleon C, Deborde AS, Ahmad S, Vanwalleghem S. Contextual influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women's emotional regulation abilities. L'ENCEPHALE 2023; 49:489-495. [PMID: 36244839 PMCID: PMC9376309 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emotional regulation is a key factor that could determine the quality of becoming a parent. Since pregnancy is accompanied by changes in the emotional system, fluctuations in emotional regulation may also occur during this period. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic had major psychological repercussions on the general population which could have also affected emotional regulation capacities. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine whether emotional regulation has characteristics during pregnancy and to evaluate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the emotional regulation of pregnant women. METHOD One hundred fifty-one women aged between 19 and 42 years old participated in this study. Their emotional regulation abilities were assessed using the Difficulties Emotion Regulation Scale before and during the pandemic. A two-factor multivariate analysis of covariance, "parental status" (pregnant vs. childless) and "time of data collection" (before vs. during COVID-19), was conducted to compare the emotional regulation abilities of pregnant women with those of childless women before and during the pandemic. RESULTS (1) Prior to the pandemic, pregnant women exhibited better emotional regulation skills than childless women, characterized by greater acceptance and understanding of their emotions. (2) During the pandemic: (a) pregnant women's emotional regulation scores were comparable to those of women without children. (b) They also had more difficulty than pre-pandemic pregnant women in identifying their emotions. CONCLUSION The lack of improvement in emotional regulation skills in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic is a specific impact of COVID on this population. This could affect their mental health, as well as the emotional adjustment of the mother towards her baby.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Toleon
- Laboratoire Paragraphe EA 349, Université Paris 8, 2, rue de la Liberté, 93200 Saint-Denis, France.
| | - A-S Deborde
- Laboratoire Paragraphe EA 349, Université Paris 8, 2, rue de la Liberté, 93200 Saint-Denis, France
| | - S Ahmad
- Laboratoire Paragraphe EA 349, Université Paris 8, 2, rue de la Liberté, 93200 Saint-Denis, France
| | - S Vanwalleghem
- Unité de recherche CLIPSYD (4430), Université Paris Nanterre, équipe Evaclipsy, Université Paris Nanterre, 200, avenue de la République, 92000 Nanterre, France
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5
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Gross JT, Stern JA, Brett BE, Fitter MH, Cassidy J. Mothers' Attachment Style Predicts Response to Child Distress: The Role of Maternal Emotions and Attributions. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2023; 32:876-891. [PMID: 37859978 PMCID: PMC10586594 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-022-02517-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
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Lowell AF, Dell J, Potenza MN, Strathearn L, Mayes LC, Rutherford HJV. Adult attachment is related to maternal neural response to infant cues: an ERP study. Attach Hum Dev 2023; 25:71-88. [PMID: 33522435 PMCID: PMC10861024 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2021.1880057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Maternal attachment security is an important predictor of caregiving . However, little is known regarding the neurobiological mechanisms by which attachment influences processing of infant cues, a critical component of caregiving. We examined whether attachment security, measured by the Adult Attachment Interview, might relate to neural responses to infant cues using event-related potentials. Secure (n=35) and insecure (n=24) mothers viewed photographs of infant faces and heard recordings of infant vocalizations while electroencephalography was recorded. We examined initial processing of infant faces (N170) and cries (N100), and attentional allocation to infant faces and cries (P300). Secure mothers were significantly faster than insecure mothers to orient to infant cries (N100), structurally encode their own infant's face (N170), and attend to infant faces (P300). These differences may elucidate mechanisms underlying how attachment may shape neural processing of infant cues and highlight the use ofsocial neuroscientific approaches in examining clinically relevant aspects of attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda F Lowell
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jaclyn Dell
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida St Petersburg, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- The Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- The Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
| | - Lane Strathearn
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Linda C Mayes
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Wall KM, Dell J, Lowell A, Potenza MN, Mayes LC, Rutherford HJV. Current Substance Use and Maternal Neural Responses to Infant Faces and Cries. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00947-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Frost A, Kuzava S, Bernard K. The physiology of maternal sensitivity to distress: An exploratory study of mothers' electrocortical and sympathetic nervous system reactivity. Dev Psychobiol 2022; 64:e22328. [PMID: 36282752 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Maternal sensitivity in response to infant distress is related to a number of physiological processes, including electrocortical activity and activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Several studies have examined these systems in isolation, but limited work to date has investigated how they may moderate one another in relation to maternal behavior. The current exploratory study aimed to investigate the interactive effect of the late positive potential (LPP) and skin conductance level (SCL) on observed maternal sensitivity to distress. Ninety-five mothers of 6- to 12-month-old infants participated in two reactivity tasks measuring their LPP and SCL responses to child crying stimuli. Maternal sensitivity to distress was coded from video-recorded mother-infant interactions. Results showed a significant interaction effect, such that LPP reactivity to infant crying was positively related to maternal sensitivity to distress among mothers with relatively low SCL reactivity. The findings highlight the importance of examining multiple systems when characterizing the physiological basis of maternal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Frost
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sierra Kuzava
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kristin Bernard
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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9
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Plank IS, Hindi Attar C, Kunas SL, Dziobek I, Bermpohl F. Motherhood and theory of mind: increased activation in the posterior cingulate cortex and insulae. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2022; 17:470-481. [PMID: 34592763 PMCID: PMC9071419 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite growing evidence on effects of parenthood on social understanding, little is known about the influence of parenthood on theory of mind (ToM), the capacity to infer mental and affective states of others. It is also unclear whether any possible effects of parenthood on ToM would generalise to inferring states of adults or are specific to children. We investigated neural activation in mothers and women without children while they predicted action intentions from child and adult faces. Region-of-interest analyses showed stronger activation in mothers in the bilateral posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus (ToM-related areas) and insulae (emotion-related areas). Whole-brain analyses revealed that mothers compared to non-mothers more strongly activated areas including the left angular gyrus and the ventral prefrontal cortex but less strongly activated the right supramarginal gyrus and the dorsal prefrontal cortex. These differences were not specific to child stimuli but occurred in response to both adult and child stimuli and might indicate that mothers and non-mothers employ different strategies to infer action intentions from affective faces. Whether these general differences in affective ToM between mothers and non-mothers are due to biological or experience-related changes should be subject of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sophia Plank
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10099, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10099, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences | CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Catherine Hindi Attar
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences | CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lydia Kunas
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences | CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Isabel Dziobek
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10099, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10099, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Felix Bermpohl
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10099, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences | CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
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Vuoriainen E, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Huffmeijer R, van IJzendoorn MH, Peltola MJ. Processing children's faces in the parental brain: A meta-analysis of ERP studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 136:104604. [PMID: 35278598 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Event-related potentials (ERPs) are an excellent tool for investigating parental neural responses to child stimuli. Using meta-analysis, we quantified the results of available studies reporting N170 or LPP/P3 ERP responses to children's faces, targeting three questions: 1) Do parents and non-parents differ in ERP responses to child faces? 2) Are parental ERP responses larger to own vs. unfamiliar child faces? 3) Are parental ERP responses to child faces associated with indicators of parenting quality, such as observed parental sensitivity? Across 23 studies (N = 1035), key findings showed 1) larger N170 amplitudes to child faces in parents than in non-parents (r = 0.19), 2) larger LPP/P3 responses to own vs. unfamiliar child faces in parents (r = 0.19), and 3) positive associations between parental LPP/P3 responses to child faces and parenting quality outcomes (r = 0.15). These results encourage further research particularly with the LPP/P3 to assess attentional-motivational processes of parenting, but also highlight the need for larger samples and more systematic assessments of associations between ERPs and parenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Vuoriainen
- Human Information Processing Laboratory, Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Marian J Bakermans-Kranenburg
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Educational and Family Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rens Huffmeijer
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- Research Department of Clinical, Education and Health Psychology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL, University of London, UK
| | - Mikko J Peltola
- Human Information Processing Laboratory, Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Finland; Tampere Institute for Advanced Study, Tampere University, Finland.
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11
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Plank IS, Hindi Attar C, Kunas SL, Dziobek I, Bermpohl F. Increased activation in the bilateral anterior insulae in response to others in pain in mothers compared to non-mothers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22757. [PMID: 34815443 PMCID: PMC8610985 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02162-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Empathy allows us to share emotions and encourages us to help others. It is especially important in the context of parenting where children's wellbeing is dependent on their parents' understanding and fulfilment of their needs. To date, little is known about differences in empathy responses of parents and non-parents. Using stimuli depicting adults and children in pain, this study focuses on the interaction of motherhood and neural responses in areas associated with empathy. Mothers showed higher activation to both adults and children in pain in the bilateral anterior insulae, key regions of empathy for pain. Additionally, mothers more strongly activated the inferior frontal, superior temporal and the medial superior frontal gyrus. Differences between adult and child stimuli were only found in occipital areas in both mothers and non-mothers. Our results suggest a stronger neural response to others in pain in mothers than non-mothers regardless of whether the person is a child or an adult. This could indicate a possible influence of motherhood on overall neural responses to others in pain rather than motherhood specifically shaping child-related responses. Alternatively, stronger responses to others in pain could increase the likelihood for women to be in a relationship and subsequently to have a child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sophia Plank
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences | CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Catherine Hindi Attar
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences | CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie L Kunas
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences | CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabel Dziobek
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Bermpohl
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences | CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Hajal NJ, Loo SK. Emerging biomarkers for child & family intervention studies: A review of EEG studies of parenting. Biol Psychol 2021; 166:108200. [PMID: 34653549 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Most interventions for childhood mental health problems require significant parental involvement, and treatment programs are increasingly incorporating components aimed at enhancing parents' own self-regulation in the context of potentially stressful parent-child interactions. This paper discusses the promise of EEG in examining the rapidly unfolding perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and regulatory processes that occur in parenting, in hopes of ultimately informing child and family interventions. First, we review two separate bodies of work that have used EEG with parents: one examining event-related potential (ERP) measures, and the other examining frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA). We discuss benefits of each within the study of parenting, and also suggest other EEG metrics (such as event-related time-frequency analyses) that can be leveraged to fill current gaps in our knowledge. Finally, we discuss the potential for these findings to inform clinical work with children and families, such as identifying biomarkers that could aid in assessment, treatment recommendations, and monitoring response to interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastassia J Hajal
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Division of Population Behavioral Health, 760 Westwood Plaza, A8-153, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Sandra K Loo
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Rutherford HJV, Bunderson M, Bartz C, Haitsuka H, Meins E, Groh AM, Milligan K. Imagining the baby: Neural reactivity to infant distress and mind-mindedness in expectant parents. Biol Psychol 2021; 161:108057. [PMID: 33640474 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Neural and psychological processes in pregnancy may be important antecedents for caregiving postpartum. Employing event-related potentials, we examined neural reactivity to infant emotional faces during the third trimester of pregnancy in expectant mothers (n = 38) and expectant fathers (n = 30). Specifically, expectant parents viewed infant distress and infant neutral faces while electroencephalography was simultaneously recorded. As a psychological measure, we assessed prenatal mind-mindedness towards the unborn child and examined whether neural processing of infant cues was associated with levels of mind-mindedness. Expectant fathers evidenced greater P300 reactivity to infant distress, relative to neutral, faces than expectant mothers. Furthermore, P300 reactivity to infant distress, relative to infant neutral, faces was associated with levels of prenatal mind-mindedness in expectant fathers but not expectant mothers. These findings indicate significant sex differences in the prenatal neural processing of infant cues and relations between neural reactivity to infant distress and the emergence of parental mind-mindedness.
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14
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Eye Fixation-Related Potentials during Visual Search on Acquaintance and Newly-Learned Faces. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020218. [PMID: 33579017 PMCID: PMC7916779 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Searching familiar faces in the crowd may involve stimulus-driven attention by emotional significance, together with goal-directed attention due to task-relevant needs. The present study investigated the effect of familiarity on attentional processes by exploring eye fixation-related potentials (EFRPs) and eye gazes when humans searched for, among other distracting faces, either an acquaintance’s face or a newly-learned face. Task performance and gaze behavior were indistinguishable for identifying either faces. However, from the EFRP analysis, after a P300 component for successful search of target faces, we found greater deflections of right parietal late positive potentials in response to newly-learned faces than acquaintance’s faces, indicating more involvement of goal-directed attention in processing newly-learned faces. In addition, we found greater occipital negativity elicited by acquaintance’s faces, reflecting emotional responses to significant stimuli. These results may suggest that finding a familiar face in the crowd would involve lower goal-directed attention and elicit more emotional responses.
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15
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Jones JD, Stern JA, Fitter MH, Mikulincer M, Shaver PR, Cassidy J. Attachment and attitudes toward children: effects of security priming in parents and non-parents. Attach Hum Dev 2021; 24:147-168. [PMID: 33559538 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2021.1881983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present two-study investigation is the first to examine whether experimentally boosting attachment security (security priming) affects attitudes in the parenting domain for both parents and non-parents. Mothers (n = 72) and childless undergraduates (n = 82) were randomly assigned to a neutral or a secure prime condition and then completed measures of implicit attitudes (a child-focused version of the Go/No-Go Association Task) and explicit attitudes (self-reported) toward children. Following the priming manipulation, mothers in the secure prime condition had more positive implicit attitudes toward their child compared to mothers in the neutral prime condition. Security priming also increased mothers' positive explicit attitudes toward their children, but only among mothers who scored high on self-reported attachment-related avoidance. No priming effects emerged among non-parents. These results provide the first evidence for a causal link between parental attachment security and parental attitudes toward children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Jones
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica A Stern
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Megan H Fitter
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Mario Mikulincer
- School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center Herzlyia, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Phillip R Shaver
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jude Cassidy
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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16
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Do Pregnancy-Induced Brain Changes Reverse? The Brain of a Mother Six Years after Parturition. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020168. [PMID: 33525512 PMCID: PMC7912216 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging researchers commonly assume that the brain of a mother is comparable to that of a nulliparous woman. However, pregnancy leads to pronounced gray matter volume reductions in the mother's brain, which have been associated with maternal attachment towards the baby. Beyond two years postpartum, no study has explored whether these brain changes are maintained or instead return to pre-pregnancy levels. The present study tested whether gray matter volume reductions detected in primiparous women are still present six years after parturition. Using data from a unique, prospective neuroimaging study, we compared the gray matter volume of 25 primiparous and 22 nulliparous women across three sessions: before conception (n = 25/22), during the first months of postpartum (n = 25/21), and at six years after parturition (n = 7/5). We found that most of the pregnancy-induced gray matter volume reductions persist six years after parturition (classifying women as having been pregnant or not with 91.67% of total accuracy). We also found that brain changes at six years postpartum are associated with measures of mother-to-infant attachment. These findings open the possibility that pregnancy-induced brain changes are permanent and encourage neuroimaging studies to routinely include pregnancy-related information as a relevant demographic variable.
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17
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Caharel S, Rossion B. The N170 is Sensitive to Long-term (Personal) Familiarity of a Face Identity. Neuroscience 2021; 458:244-255. [PMID: 33460730 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The N170 is a large deflection of the human electroencephalogram (EEG), peaking at about 170 milliseconds over the occipito-temporal cortex after the sudden onset of a face stimulus. The N170 reflects perceptual awareness of a face and its onset corresponds to the emergence of reliable face-selectivity in the human brain. However, whether sensitivity to the long-term familiarity of a face identity emerges already at this early time-point remains debated. Here we provide a brief survey of the 45 published studies comparing the N170 response to unfamiliar and familiar (famous, experimentally familiarized, personally familiar and own) faces. Even though effects of familiarity on the N170 are relatively small and inconsistent across studies, this overview indicates that face familiarity significantly increases the N170 amplitude. This effect is especially present for personally familiar faces, learned in natural conditions. In the human brain, effects linked to familiarity with specific facial identities therefore appear to emerge between 150 and 200 ms in occipito-temporal brain regions, i.e., shortly after the onset of face-selectivity but at the same time as the earliest high-level effects of immediate unfamiliar face identity repetition. This observation challenges standard neurocognitive models with a clear-cut distinction between perceptual and memory stages in human face recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Caharel
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Lorrain de Psychologie et Neurosciences (2LPN - EA 7489), Nancy F-54000, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris F-75000, France
| | - Bruno Rossion
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; CHRU-Nancy, Service de Neurologie, F-54000, France.
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18
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Bunderson M, Diaz D, Maupin A, Landi N, Potenza MN, Mayes LC, Rutherford HJV. Prior reproductive experience modulates neural responses to infant faces across the postpartum period. Soc Neurosci 2020; 15:650-654. [PMID: 33155504 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2020.1847729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Infant-cue processing facilitates sensitive maternal care, which is necessary in the formation of healthy mother-infant attachment. Mothers may be particularly focused on cue processing early postpartum, contributing to intense preoccupation with their infant's well-being. Prior reproductive experience, or parity, may also impact the intensity of infant-cue processing and has been found to influence P300 neural responses to infant faces during pregnancy and at 2 months postpartum. However, we do not know whether this parity effect persists. Thus, we examined the P300 to infant faces in 59 mothers at 2 and 7 months postpartum. Our main finding was that primiparous, as compared to multiparous, women showed a significantly higher P300 to infant faces across the postpartum period. Findings further emphasize the importance of studying parity and its impact on the neural processing of infant faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Bunderson
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Diaz
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Angela Maupin
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nicole Landi
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT, USA.,Haskins Laboratories, Yale University , New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut , New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Linda C Mayes
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT, USA
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19
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Kungl MT, Rutherford HJ, Heinisch C, Beckmann MW, Fasching PA, Spangler G. Does anxiety impact the neural processing of child faces in mothers of school-aged children? An ERP study using an emotional Go/NoGo task. Soc Neurosci 2020; 15:530-543. [PMID: 32662322 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2020.1788988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Maternal anxiety during pregnancy and the early postpartum period is associated with heightened neural processing of neutral infant faces as measured by event-related potentials (ERPs). However, less is known about how anxiety shapes neural face processing in mothers of older children. In our study, 36 mothers of 8-10 year old children completed a Go/NoGo task consisting of neutral and emotional (happy, fearful) facial expressions posed by unfamiliar school-aged children while EEG was recorded. Higher levels of maternal anxiety -indexed via self-report- were associated with delayed behavioral responses to children's fearful faces and increased N170 and LPP amplitudes elicited by children's neutral faces. While anxiety was also positively related to the LPP elicited by children's emotional faces, it only led to increased N170 amplitude responses to children's fearful, but not happy, faces and only when they were NoGo cues. The study replicates and extends prior findings examining the impact of maternal anxiety on neural responses to neutral infant faces to later stages of parenting with further neural markers and emotional expressions being affected. Findings evidence the importance of studying these associations beyond infancy to increase our knowledge about processes potentially underlying the relation between anxiety and less optimal parenting across development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie T Kungl
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Developmental Psychopathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU) , Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helena Jv Rutherford
- Yale Child Study Center, University of Yale, Yale University , New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christine Heinisch
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Developmental Psychopathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU) , Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU) , Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU) , Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gottfried Spangler
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Developmental Psychopathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU) , Erlangen, Germany
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20
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Hardiansyah I, Pergher V, Van Hulle MM. Single-Trial EEG Responses Classified Using Latency Features. Int J Neural Syst 2020; 30:2050033. [DOI: 10.1142/s0129065720500331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Covert attention has been repeatedly shown to impact on EEG responses after single and repeated practice sessions. Machine learning techniques are increasingly adopted to classify single-trial EEG responses thereby primarily relying on amplitude-based features instead of latency-based features. In this study, we investigated changes in EEG response signatures of nine healthy older subjects when performing 10 sessions of covert attention training. We show that, when we trained classifiers to distinguish recorded EEG patterns between the two experimental conditions (a target stimulus is “present” or “not present”), latency-based classifiers outperform the amplitude-based ones and that classification accuracy improved along with behavioral accuracy, providing supportive evidence of brain plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irzam Hardiansyah
- Department of Computer Science, KU Leuven — University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200A, P.O. Box 2402, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valentina Pergher
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland St, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138 U.S.A
- Computational Neuroscience Research Group, Laboratory for Neuro- and Psychophysiology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N II, PO Box 1021, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc M. Van Hulle
- Computational Neuroscience Research Group, Laboratory for Neuro- and Psychophysiology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N II, PO Box 1021, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Aguirre RMH, González MH, Hernández MP, Gutiérrez CDCA, Guevara MÁ. Observing baby or sexual videos changes the functional synchronization between the prefrontal and parietal cortices in mothers in different postpartum periods. Soc Neurosci 2020; 15:489-504. [PMID: 32402224 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2020.1761447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
During the postpartum period (PP), mothers are more sensitive to sensory stimuli related to babies and less sensitive to those with sexual significance. The processing of emotional stimuli requires synchronization among different cerebral areas. This study characterized the cortical electroencephalographic (EEG) correlation in mothers from 1½ to 3 months (PP1), 4 to 5½ months (PP2) and over 6½ months, postpartum (PP3) while observing two videos: one of a baby (BV) and one with sexual content (SV). EEGs were recorded from the frontopolar, dorsolateral and parietal cortices. All three groups rated the BV as pleasant, but only PP3 reported higher sexual arousal with the SV. While watching the BV, PP1 showed a higher correlation among all cortical areas; PP2 manifested a decreased correlation between the prefrontal and parietal cortices, likely associated with the lower emotional modulation of the BV; and PP3 presented a higher synchronization among fewer cortical areas, probably related to longer maternal experience. These cortical synchronization patterns could represent adaptive mechanisms that enable the adequate processing of baby stimuli in new mothers. These data increase our knowledge of the cerebral processes associated with distinct sensitivities to the emotional stimuli that mothers experience during the PP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa María Hidalgo Aguirre
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicología, Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara , Ameca, México.,Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara, México
| | | | - Marai Pérez Hernández
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara, Mexico
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22
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Trentini C, Pagani M, Lauriola M, Tambelli R. Neural Responses to Infant Emotions and Emotional Self-Awareness in Mothers and Fathers during Pregnancy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3314. [PMID: 32397541 PMCID: PMC7246792 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Neuroscientific research has largely investigated the neurobiological correlates of maternal and (to a much lesser extent) paternal responsiveness in the post-partum period. In contrast, much less is known about the neural processing of infant emotions during pregnancy. Twenty mothers and 19 fathers were recruited independently during the third trimester of pregnancy. High-density electroencephalography (hdEEG) was recorded while expectant parents passively viewed images representing distressed, ambiguous, happy, and neutral faces of unknown infants. Correlational analyses were performed to detect a link between neural responses to infant facial expressions and emotional self-awareness. In response to infant emotions, mothers and fathers showed similar cerebral activity in regions involved in high-order socio-affective processes. Mothers and fathers also showed different brain activity in premotor regions implicated in high-order motor control, in occipital regions involved in visuo-spatial information processing and visual mental imagery, as well as in inferior parietal regions involved in attention allocation. Low emotional self-awareness negatively correlated with activity in parietal regions subserving empathy in mothers, while it positively correlated with activity in temporal and occipital areas implicated in mentalizing and visual mental imagery in fathers. This study may enlarge knowledge on the neural response to infant emotions during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Trentini
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Pagani
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, CNR, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Lauriola
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Renata Tambelli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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23
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Lowell AF, Maupin AN, Landi N, Potenza MN, Mayes LC, Rutherford HJV. Substance use and mothers' neural responses to infant cues. Infant Ment Health J 2020; 41:264-277. [PMID: 32057121 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Substance use may influence mothers' responsiveness to their infants and negatively impact the parent-infant relationship. Maternal substance use may co-opt neural circuitry involved in caregiving, thus reducing the salience of infant cues and diminishing the sense of reward experienced by caring for infants. Gaps in understanding exist with regard to the mechanisms by which substance use operates to influence mothers' processing of infant cues and how this translates to caregiving. Therefore, we examined how substance use might relate to maternal neural responses to infant cues using event-related potentials (ERPs). Substance-using (n = 29) and nonsubstance-using (n = 29) mothers viewed photographs of infant faces and heard recordings of infant vocalizations while electroencephalography was recorded simultaneously. Three specific ERP components were used to examine initial processing of infant faces (N170) and cries (N100), and attentional allocation to infant faces and cries (P300). Substance-using mothers did not discriminate facial affect at early encoding stages (N170), were generally slower to orient to infant cries (N100), showed heightened responses to neutral faces (P300), and failed to adaptively differentiate between high-distress versus low-distress cries (P300). These differences may be important to caregiving behaviors associated with the formation of mother-child attachment. Implications are discussed, as are limitations and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda F Lowell
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Angela N Maupin
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Nicole Landi
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut.,Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut.,Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, Connecticut.,Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Linda C Mayes
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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24
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Bjertrup AJ, Friis NK, Miskowiak KW. The maternal brain: Neural responses to infants in mothers with and without mood disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:196-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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25
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Rutherford HJV, Mayes LC. Parenting stress: A novel mechanism of addiction vulnerability. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 11:100172. [PMID: 31193862 PMCID: PMC6543178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Addiction remains a significant public health concern. Despite numerous public health initiatives, many parents continue to use substances during the prenatal and postpartum period. While stress has been implicated in the maintenance of substance use disorders more generally, we propose that parenting stress specifically increases vulnerability to substance use in adults caring for young children. To explore this notion, we first consider the neurobiology of the adult transition to parenthood and the value of adopting a parenting-specific approach to understanding addictive processes. Next, we consider the neurobiology of addiction and parenting before directly addressing parenting stress in the context of addiction. Finally, we describe current interventions with parents that incorporate the management of negative affect to enhance caregiving quality and decrease substance use. Taken together, this article proposes that the unique demands of caring for a developing child may be more stressful above and beyond other forms of stress. As a consequence, intervention approaches that target stress in the parenting role hold promise for decreasing parental substance abuse.
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26
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Kolijn L, Huffmeijer R, Van Den Bulk BG, Vrijhof CI, Van Ijzendoorn MH, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ. Effects of the Video-feedback intervention to promote positive parenting and sensitive discipline on mothers' neural responses to child faces: A randomized controlled ERP study including pre- and post-intervention measures. Soc Neurosci 2019; 15:108-122. [PMID: 31500510 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2019.1660709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parenting interventions have proven to be effective in enhancing positive parenting behavior and child outcomes. However, the neurocognitive mechanisms explaining the efficacy remain largely unknown. We tested effects of the Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD) on mothers' neural processing of child faces. Our primary focus was on the N170 and the secondary focus on the LPP. We expected the intervention to enhance the amplitudes of both ERP components in response to emotional compared to neutral faces. A total of 66 mothers visited the lab for two identical sessions separated by 4.28 months (SD = 0.86) during which a random 33% of the mothers received the VIPP-SD. During both pre- and post-intervention sessions, mothers' electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in response to photographs of children's neutral, happy and angry facial expressions were acquired. In contrast to our expectations, we found smaller (less negative) N170 amplitudes at post-test in the intervention group. There was no intervention effect on the LPP, although overall LPP amplitudes were more positive for neutral and angry compared to happy faces. Our study shows that the N170 is affected by the VIPP-SD, suggesting that the intervention promotes efficient, less effortful face processing.Trial registration: Dutch Trial Register: NTR5312; Date registered: 3 January 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kolijn
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, and Amsterdam Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University and VU Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rens Huffmeijer
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University and VU Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca G Van Den Bulk
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University and VU Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia I Vrijhof
- Department of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus H Van Ijzendoorn
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University and VU Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marian J Bakermans-Kranenburg
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, and Amsterdam Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University and VU Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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27
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Fan B, Ding H, Jin J, Zhao M, Ma Q. Does the beauty premium effect always exist? - an ERP study of the facial attractiveness stereotype in public's attitudes toward in-Service Chinese civil servant. Int J Neurosci 2019; 129:1213-1222. [PMID: 31399004 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1655012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Civil servants image is one of the most important representatives of government image. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the factors affecting the public's attitudes toward in-service civil servants. The current study aims to learn whether female facial attractiveness would affect the male public's attitudes toward in-service civil servants using event-related potentials. Methods: Participants were recruited to view attractive/unattractive faces followed by positive/negative adjectives. We observed that positive adjectives after unattractive faces elicited smaller N400 amplitudes than negative adjectives, and the N400 amplitude elicited by attractive faces after negative adjectives was significantly smaller than that elicited by unattractive faces. What's more, we found that the voltage of N400 was negative correlated with reaction time. Results: It showed that the incongruity of physically appearance and in-service civil servant positions lead to longer reaction time. The unattractive civil servant is more congruent with positive adjectives than the attractive one in the public's mind. Conclusion: We explain these findings from two aspects. First, the public is more rational for in-service civil servants, and factors that are unrelated to governing capacity, such as physical attractiveness, do not influence their attitudes. Second, civil servants are the position that requires technical ability to serve the public rather than communication ability, which was represented by physically attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonai Fan
- School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China.,Zhejiang Research Base for China's Non-public Economic Personages, Ningbo University , Ningbo , China.,Business School, Ningbo University , Ningbo , China.,Academy of Neuroeconomics and Neuromanagement at Ningbo University , Ningbo , China
| | - Hao Ding
- Business School, Ningbo University , Ningbo , China.,Academy of Neuroeconomics and Neuromanagement at Ningbo University , Ningbo , China
| | - Jia Jin
- Business School, Ningbo University , Ningbo , China.,Academy of Neuroeconomics and Neuromanagement at Ningbo University , Ningbo , China
| | - Menglin Zhao
- Business School, Ningbo University , Ningbo , China.,Academy of Neuroeconomics and Neuromanagement at Ningbo University , Ningbo , China
| | - Qingguo Ma
- Business School, Ningbo University , Ningbo , China.,Academy of Neuroeconomics and Neuromanagement at Ningbo University , Ningbo , China.,School of Management, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
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28
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Brooker RJ, Bates JE, Buss KA, Canen MJ, Dennis-Tiwary TA, Gatzke-Kopp LM, Hoyniak C, Klein DN, Kujawa A, Lahat A, Lamm C, Moser JS, Petersen IT, Tang A, Woltering S, Schmidt LA. Conducting Event-Related Potential (ERP) Research with Young Children: A Review of Components, Special Considerations and Recommendations for Research on Cognition and Emotion. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2019; 34:137-158. [PMID: 34024985 DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There has been an unprecedented increase in the number of research studies employing event-related potential (ERP) techniques to examine dynamic and rapidly-occurring neural processes with children during the preschool and early childhood years. Despite this, there has been little discussion of the methodological and procedural differences that exist for studies of young children versus older children and adults. That is, reviewers, editors, and consumers of this work often expect developmental studies to simply apply adult techniques and procedures to younger samples. Procedurally, this creates unrealistic expectations for research paradigms, data collection, and data reduction and analyses. Scientifically, this leads to inappropriate measures and methods that hinder drawing conclusions and advancing theory. Based on ERP work with preschoolers and young children from 10 laboratories across North America, we present a summary of the most common ERP components under study in the area of emotion and cognition in young children along with 13 realistic expectations for data collection and loss, laboratory procedures and paradigms, data processing, ERP averaging, and typical challenges for conducting this type of work. This work is intended to supplement previous guidelines for work with adults and offer insights to aid researchers, reviewers, and editors in the design and evaluation of developmental research using ERPs. Here we make recommendations for researchers who plan to conduct or who are conducting ERP studies in children between ages 2 and 12, focusing on studies of toddlers and preschoolers. Recommendations are based on both data and our cumulative experience and include guidelines for laboratory setup, equipment and recording settings, task design, and data processing.
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Mothers' neural responses to infant faces are associated with activation of the maternal care system and observed intrusiveness with their own child. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 18:609-621. [PMID: 29651689 PMCID: PMC6096645 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-018-0592-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Certain infant facial characteristics, referred to as baby schema, are thought to automatically trigger parenting behavior and affective orientation toward infants. Electroencephalography (EEG) is well suited to assessing the intuitive nature and temporal dynamics of parenting responses, due to its millisecond temporal resolution. Little is known, however, about the relations between neural processing of infant cues and actual parenting behavior in a naturalistic setting. In the present study we examined the event-related potentials (ERPs) of mothers (N = 33) watching infant faces of varying attractiveness, in relation to activation of the maternal care system and the mothers’ observed parenting behavior (sensitivity, nonintrusiveness) with their own child (2–6 years old). The results revealed that, irrespective of the cuteness of the infant face, mothers’ neural processing of infant faces involved both early P1 and P2 components (related to orienting/detecting processes) and late positive potentials (LPPs; related to more controlled cognitive evaluation/attentional engagement). Increased early detection and processing of infant faces (reflected by P1 and P2 activity) was related to increased activation of the parental care system. In later stages of face processing, increased attentional engagement with infant faces (as reflected by LPP activity) was associated with more intrusiveness of a mother with her own child during interaction. These findings suggest that individual variations in responses to infant stimuli are associated with individual differences in parental care system activation and parenting quality. Furthermore, the parental care system might be activated relatively automatically, but actual parenting and caregiving behavior requires more conscious control.
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30
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De Carli P, Costantini I, Sessa P, Visentin S, Pearson RM, Simonelli A. The expectant social mind: A systematic review of face processing during pregnancy and the effect of depression and anxiety. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 102:153-171. [PMID: 31055013 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy carries enormous changes in the psychological and neurophysiological domains. It has been suggested that pregnant women undergo a cognitive reorganization aimed at increasing the salience of social stimuli (i.e., the tendency of social cues to capture observer's attention, so that their processing results prioritized). The goal of the present work was to systematically review the empirical evidence of a change in face processing during pregnancy. Moreover, we explored whether face processing is associated with antenatal depression and anxiety and the extent to which this is part of a potential mechanism to explain detrimental effects of maternal psychopathology on infant outcomes. We identified 19 relevant studies and discussed them based on their methodological qualities. The results of the review suggest that even though it is not possible to draw firm conclusions, pregnancy is likely to be a plasticity window for face processing at the behavioral and neural levels. Evidence confirms the detrimental effect of depression and anxiety on face processing during pregnancy. Clinical implications for parenting interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro De Carli
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia, 8, 35131 Padova (PD), Italy.
| | - Ilaria Costantini
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia, 8, 35131 Padova (PD), Italy; Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS14 8TF, United Kingdom.
| | - Paola Sessa
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia, 8, 35131 Padova (PD), Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Via Venezia, 8, 35131 Padova (PD), Italy.
| | - Silvia Visentin
- Department of Woman and Child's Health, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 3, 35128 Padova (PD), Italy.
| | - Rebecca M Pearson
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS14 8TF, United Kingdom.
| | - Alessandra Simonelli
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia, 8, 35131 Padova (PD), Italy.
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31
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Vila J, Morato C, Lucas I, Guerra P, Castro-Laguardia AM, Bobes MA. The affective processing of loved familiar faces and names: Integrating fMRI and heart rate. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216057. [PMID: 31039182 PMCID: PMC6490893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuroscientific study of love has been boosted by an extended corpus of research on face-identity recognition. However, few studies have compared the emotional mechanisms activated by loved faces and names and none have simultaneously examined fMRI and autonomic measures. The present study combined fMRI with the heart rate response when 21 participants (10 males) passively viewed the face or the written name of 4 loved people and 4 unknown people. The results showed accelerative patterns in heart rate, together with brain activations, which were significantly higher for loved people than for unknown people. Significant correlations were found between heart rate and brain activation in frontal areas, for faces, and in temporal areas, for names. The results are discussed in the context of previous studies using the same passive viewing procedure, highlighting the relevance of integrating peripheral and central measures in the scientific study of positive emotion and love.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Vila
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Cristina Morato
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ignacio Lucas
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro Guerra
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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32
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Rutherford HJ, Crowley MJ, Gao L, Francis B, Schultheis A, Mayes LC. Prenatal neural responses to infant faces predict postpartum reflective functioning. Infant Behav Dev 2018; 53:43-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Butti N, Montirosso R, Borgatti R, Urgesi C. Maternal sensitivity is associated with configural processing of infant's cues in preterm and full-term mothers. Early Hum Dev 2018; 125:35-45. [PMID: 30199717 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prematurity may affect mother-infant bonding and alter maternal sensitivity to infant's cues. Efficient perception of infants' facial and bodily cues is a crucial aspect of maternal sensitivity and may be challenged by prematurity, as infants' signals may not be easily intelligible. However, it is still unexplored how premature birth impacts the maternal ability to perceive infants' signals. AIMS To investigate whether prematurity influences the perceptual sensitivity of mothers to infants' cues and, in particular, the configural processing of the faces and bodies of familiar and unfamiliar infants. STUDY DESIGN The inversion effect paradigm was used to evaluate the configural vs. detail-based processing of the face and body of own or others' infants. Preterm mothers were compared to full-term mothers with either low or high maternal sensitivity. PARTICIPANTS Forty-three healthy full-term and twenty-one preterm mothers of infants aged about six months. OUTCOME MEASURES Maternal sensitivity during dyadic interaction, gestational age, accuracy and reaction time in a delayed matching-to-sample task of upright vs. inverted body and face stimuli (i.e., inversion effect). RESULTS Preterm mothers were found to be less sensitive than the full-term ones. Higher maternal sensitivity during dyadic interaction was associated with lower inversion effect for unfamiliar as compared to own infants' bodies. However, preterm mothers and full-term mothers with low sensitivity showed comparable inversion effect in perceiving unfamiliar infants' faces or bodies. CONCLUSIONS Preterm birth per se does not directly affect body configural processing, but it may be associated to reduced maternal sensitivity, ultimately leading to a less refined perception of own infant's cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Butti
- Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit - Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Rosario Montirosso
- 0-3 Centre for the at-Risk Infant - Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy.
| | - Renato Borgatti
- Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit - Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Cosimo Urgesi
- Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit - Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine and Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, San Vito al Tagliamento, Pordenone, Italy
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34
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Wu X, Xu P, Luo YJ, Feng C. Differential Effects of Intranasal Vasopressin on the Processing of Adult and Infant Cues: An ERP Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:329. [PMID: 30158862 PMCID: PMC6104155 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a powerful regulator of various social behaviors across many species. However, seemingly contradictory effects of AVP have been found in both animal and human studies, e.g., promoting aggression on one hand and facilitating social bonding on the other hand. Therefore, we hypothesize that the role of AVP in social behaviors is context-dependent. To this end, we examined the modulatory effect of AVP on male’s behavioral and neural responses to infant and adult cues. After intranasal and double-blind treatment of AVP or placebo, male participants were asked to rate their subjective approaching willingness to infant and adult faces in specific contexts informed by cue words while EEG recording. Our results showed that AVP treatment increased approaching ratings to neutral and positive other-gender adult faces compared to emotional matched same-gender adult faces, and to negative girl faces compared to negative boy faces. Furthermore, compared to placebo treatment, AVP treatment induced larger N1 amplitudes to neutral cues associated with both adults and infants, whereas AVP treatment only sustained pronounced late positive potential amplitudes to neutral cues of infants but not adults. Those findings implicate differential roles of AVP in the processing of adult- and infant-related cues and thus lend support to the context-dependent account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wu
- Center of Brain Disorder and Cognitive Sicences, College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Center of Brain Disorder and Cognitive Sicences, College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yue-Jia Luo
- Center of Brain Disorder and Cognitive Sicences, College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Center for Emotion and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunliang Feng
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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35
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Bernard K, Kuzava S, Simons R, Dozier M. CPS-referred mothers' psychophysiological responses to own versus other child predict sensitivity to child distress. Dev Psychol 2018; 54:1255-1264. [PMID: 29595312 PMCID: PMC6019158 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Maltreating mothers often struggle to respond sensitively to their children's distress. Examining psychophysiological processing of own child cues may offer insight into neurobiological mechanisms that promote sensitive parenting among high-risk mothers. The current study used event-related potential (ERP) methodology to examine associations between mothers' neural responses to their own child versus other children and observed sensitivity to distress. Participants included 73 mothers: 42 with histories of child protective services (CPS) involvement and 31 low-risk comparison mothers. Maternal sensitivity to child distress was coded from observations of children's blood sample collection. Late positive potential (LPP) ERP responses, which reflect sustained attention to emotionally salient stimuli, were measured when mothers viewed photos of their own child and other children. An own-other LPP difference score (own-other LPP) was computed by regressing the mean amplitude of mothers' LPP to their own child on the mean amplitude of mothers' LPP to other children. CPS-referred mothers and low-risk mothers did not differ in their LPP responses to own child, other children, or the own-other LPP. However, there was a significant interaction between group (CPS-referred vs. low-risk) and own-other LPP in predicting maternal sensitivity. Among the CPS-referred mothers, own-other LPP was significantly correlated with maternal sensitivity, with greater LPP amplitude to own versus other child associated with higher maternal sensitivity. In contrast, among the low-risk group, own-other LPP was not significantly correlated with maternal sensitivity. Findings add to our understanding of the neurobiology of sensitive parenting among high-risk mothers. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Simons
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware
| | - Mary Dozier
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware
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36
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Kuzava S, Bernard K. Maternal report of infant negative affect predicts attenuated brain response to own infant. Dev Psychobiol 2018; 60:927-937. [PMID: 29936698 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Parent-infant interaction is known to be influenced bidirectionally by parent and infant characteristics. However, it is unclear whether infant temperament affects parents' neural responses to infant stimuli. 85 infants (6-12 months) were filmed in distress-eliciting tasks, which were coded for infants' negative affect. Mothers' reported infant affect was obtained from the Infant Behavior Questionnaire Very Short Form-Revised. Mothers' EEG activity was recorded while passively viewing photos of own, familiarized, and unfamiliar infants. Multiple regression indicated that mothers who reported greater infant negative affect showed a smaller difference in the late positive potential (LPP) response to own infant versus familiarized infant, controlling for researcher-coded infant negative affect. The findings suggest that parents' perceptions of their infant's temperament, but not independent measures of infant temperament, are related to electrocortical indices of emotional attention.
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37
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Colasante T, Mossad SI, Dudek J, Haley DW. The special status of sad infant faces: age and valence differences in adults' cortical face processing. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 12:586-595. [PMID: 27998995 PMCID: PMC5390733 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the relative and joint prioritization of age- and valence-related face characteristics in adults’ cortical face processing remains elusive because these two characteristics have not been manipulated in a single study of neural face processing. We used electroencephalography to investigate adults’ P1, N170, P2 and LPP responses to infant and adult faces with happy and sad facial expressions. Viewing infant vs adult faces was associated with significantly larger P1, N170, P2 and LPP responses, with hemisphere and/or participant gender moderating this effect in select cases. Sad faces were associated with significantly larger N170 responses than happy faces. Sad infant faces were associated with significantly larger N170 responses in the right hemisphere than all other combinations of face age and face valence characteristics. We discuss the relative and joint neural prioritization of infant face characteristics and negative facial affect, and their biological value as distinct caregiving and social cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Colasante
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Sarah I Mossad
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto ON M5S, Canada
| | - Joanna Dudek
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - David W Haley
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto ON M1C 1A4, Canada
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38
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Maupin AN, Rutherford HJV, Landi N, Potenza MN, Mayes LC. Investigating the association between parity and the maternal neural response to infant cues. Soc Neurosci 2018; 14:214-225. [DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2017.1422276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela N. Maupin
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Nicole Landi
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Haskins Laboratories, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology and CASAColumbia, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Linda C. Mayes
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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39
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Groh AM, Haydon KC. Mothers’ Neural and Behavioral Responses to Their Infants’ Distress Cues: The Role of Secure Base Script Knowledge. Psychol Sci 2017; 29:242-253. [DOI: 10.1177/0956797617730320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This research examined mothers’ secure base script knowledge—reflected in the ability to generate narratives in which attachment-relevant problems are recognized, competent help is offered, and problems are resolved—and its significance for early-stage processing of infants’ distress cues, using event-related potentials in an emotion oddball task. Mothers with lower secure base script knowledge exhibited (a) a heightened P3b response—reflective of greater allocation of cognitive resources—to their infants’ distressed (but not happy) target facial expressions; (b) a larger P3b response to their infants’ distressed (compared with happy) target facial expressions, which is indicative of allocating disproportional attentional resources to processing their infants’ distress; and (c) poorer accuracy in identifying their infants’ distressed target facial expressions. Findings suggest that mothers’ attachment-relevant biases in processing their infants’ emotion cues are especially tied to infant distress and shed light on underlying mechanisms linking mothers’ attachment representations with sensitive responding to infant distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M. Groh
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri
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40
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Kiefer M, Neff U, Schmid MM, Spitzer M, Connemann BJ, Schönfeldt-Lecuona C. Brain activity to transitional objects in patients with borderline personality disorder. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13121. [PMID: 29030584 PMCID: PMC5640597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13508-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult patients with borderline personality disorders (BPD) frequently have attachments to inanimate transitional objects (TOs) such as stuffed animals. Using event-related potential (ERP) recordings, we determined in patients with BPD the neural correlates of the processing of these attachment-relevant objects and their functional significance. Sixteen female patients with BPD viewed pictures of their TOs, other familiar stuffed toys (familiar objects, FOs), and unfamiliar objects (UOs). ERPs in the patients were compared to those in 16 matched healthy controls who possessed a stuffed animal of comparably high familiarity. Here, we found a specific increase of frontal P3/LPP amplitude in patients with BPD, which was related to attachment anxiety and depression scores. Attachment-related TO stimuli in patients with BPD specifically modulated stages of emotional stimulus evaluation reflecting processing of self-relevance. The relation of the frontal ERP effect to patients' attachment anxiety and depression highlights the function of TOs for coping with anxiety about being abandoned by significant others and for dealing with depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kiefer
- Ulm University, Department of Psychiatry, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Ute Neff
- Ulm University, Department of Psychiatry, Ulm, Germany
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41
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42
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Li D, Meng L, Ma Q. Who Deserves My Trust? Cue-Elicited Feedback Negativity Tracks Reputation Learning in Repeated Social Interactions. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:307. [PMID: 28663727 PMCID: PMC5471337 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Trust and trustworthiness contribute to reciprocal behavior and social relationship development. To make better decisions, people need to evaluate others’ trustworthiness. They often assess this kind of reputation by learning through repeated social interactions. The present event-related potential (ERP) study explored the reputation learning process in a repeated trust game where subjects made multi-round decisions of investment to different partners. We found that subjects gradually learned to discriminate trustworthy partners from untrustworthy ones based on how often their partners reciprocated the investment, which was indicated by their own investment decisions. Besides, electrophysiological data showed that the faces of the untrustworthy partners induced larger feedback negativity (FN) amplitude than those of the trustworthy partners, but only in the late phase of the game. The ERP results corresponded with the behavioral pattern and revealed that the learned trustworthiness differentiation was coded by the cue-elicited FN component. Consistent with previous research, our findings suggest that the anterior cue-elicited FN reflects the reputation appraisal and tracks the reputation learning process in social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandian Li
- School of Management, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China.,Beijing Xinsight Technology Co. Ltd.Beijing, China.,Neuromanagement Lab, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Liang Meng
- School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies UniversityShanghai, China.,Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Shanghai International Studies UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Qingguo Ma
- School of Management, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China.,Neuromanagement Lab, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China.,Institute of Neural Management Sciences, Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou, China
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43
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Young KS, Parsons CE, Stein A, Vuust P, Craske MG, Kringelbach ML. The neural basis of responsive caregiving behaviour: Investigating temporal dynamics within the parental brain. Behav Brain Res 2017; 325:105-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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44
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Pérez-Hernández M, Hernández-González M, Hidalgo-Aguirre R, Amezcua-Gutiérrez C, Guevara M. Listening to a baby crying induces higher electroencephalographic synchronization among prefrontal, temporal and parietal cortices in adoptive mothers. Infant Behav Dev 2017; 47:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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45
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Lucion MK, Oliveira V, Bizarro L, Bischoff AR, Silveira PP, Kauer-Sant'Anna M. Attentional bias toward infant faces – Review of the adaptive and clinical relevance. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 114:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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46
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von Mohr M, Mayes LC, Rutherford HJV. The Transition to Motherhood: Psychoanalysis and Neuroscience Perspectives. PSYCHOANALYTIC STUDY OF THE CHILD 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00797308.2016.1277905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana von Mohr
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London
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47
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Jin J, Fan B, Dai S, Ma Q. Beauty premium: Event-related potentials evidence of how physical attractiveness matters in online peer-to-peer lending. Neurosci Lett 2017; 640:130-135. [PMID: 28111351 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Although it is well known that attractiveness-based impressions affect the labor market, election outcomes and many other social activities, little is known about the role physical attractiveness plays in financial transactions. With the development of online finance, peer-to-peer lending has become one of the most important ways in which businesses or individuals raise capital. However, because of information asymmetry, the lender must decide whether or not to lend money to a stranger based on limited information, resulting in their decision being influenced by many other factors. In the current study, we investigated how potential borrowers' facial attractiveness influenced lenders' attitudes toward borrowers' repayment behavior at the brain level by using event-related potentials. At the priming stage, photos of attractive borrowers induced smaller N200 amplitude than photos of unattractive borrowers. Meanwhile, at the feedback stage, compared with the condition of repaying on time, breach of repayment from unattractive borrowers induced larger feedback-related negativity (FRN) amplitude, which was a frontal-central negative deflection and would be enhanced by the unexpected outcome. Furthermore, smaller P300 amplitude was also elicited by the condition of not repaying on time. These differences in the FRN and P300 amplitudes were not observed between negative and positive feedback from attractive borrowers. Therefore, our findings suggest that the beauty premium phenomenon is present in online peer-to-peer lending and that lenders were more tolerant toward attractive borrowers' dishonest behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jin
- Business School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Academy of Neuroeconomics and Neuromanagement at Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Bonai Fan
- Business School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Academy of Neuroeconomics and Neuromanagement at Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenyi Dai
- College of Economics and Management, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingguo Ma
- Business School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Academy of Neuroeconomics and Neuromanagement at Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Institute of Neural Management Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
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Rutherford HJV, Maupin AN, Landi N, Potenza MN, Mayes LC. Parental reflective functioning and the neural correlates of processing infant affective cues. Soc Neurosci 2016; 12:519-529. [PMID: 27253222 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2016.1193559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Parental reflective functioning refers to the capacity for a parent to understand their own and their infant's mental states, and how these mental states relate to behavior. Higher levels of parental reflective functioning may be associated with greater sensitivity to infant emotional signals in fostering adaptive and responsive caregiving. We investigated this hypothesis by examining associations between parental reflective functioning and neural correlates of infant face and cry perception using event-related potentials (ERPs) in a sample of recent mothers. We found both early and late ERPs were associated with different components of reflective functioning. These findings suggest that parental reflective functioning may be associated with the neural correlates of infant cue perception and further support the value of enhancing reflective functioning as a mechanism in parenting intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena J V Rutherford
- a Yale Child Study Center , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Angela N Maupin
- a Yale Child Study Center , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Nicole Landi
- a Yale Child Study Center , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA.,b Haskins Laboratories , Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA.,c Department of Psychology , University of Connecticut , Storrs , CT , USA
| | - Marc N Potenza
- a Yale Child Study Center , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA.,d Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology and CASAColumbia , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Linda C Mayes
- a Yale Child Study Center , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
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Wu H, Luo L, Dai J, Yang S, Wang N, Luo YJ. Event-Related Potential Responses to Beloved and Familiar Faces in Different Marriage Styles: Evidence from Mosuo Subjects. Front Psychol 2016; 7:159. [PMID: 26925002 PMCID: PMC4756119 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on familiar face recognition has largely focused on the neural correlates of recognizing a beloved partner or family member. However, no research has explored the effect of marriage style on the recognition of a beloved partner's face, especially in matriarchal societies. Here, we examined the time course of event-related potentials (ERP) in response to the face of a beloved partner, sibling, or unknown person in a sample of individuals from the matriarchal Mosuo tribe. Two groups were assessed: intermarriage and walking marriage groups (i.e., couples in a committed relationship who do not cohabitate during the daytime). In agreement with previous reports, ERP results revealed more positive VPP, N250, and P300 waveforms for beloved faces than sibling faces in both groups. Moreover, P300 was more positive for beloved partner versus sibling faces; however, this difference emerged at fronto-central sites for the walking marriage group and at posterior sites for the intermarriage group. Overall, we observed that marriage style affects the later stage processing of a beloved partner's face, and this may be associated with greater affective arousal and familiarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Li Luo
- School of Education, Guangzhou University Guangzhou, China
| | - Junqiang Dai
- School of Education, Guangzhou University Guangzhou, China
| | - Suyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai, China
| | - Naiyi Wang
- Institute of Educational Psychology and School Counselling, Beijing Normal University Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Jia Luo
- Institute of Affective and Social Neuroscience, College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen, China; Institute of NeuroscienceShenzhen, China
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