1
|
Martin E, Dubessay P, Record E, Audonnet F, Michaud P. Recent advances in laccase activity assays: A crucial challenge for applications on complex substrates. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 173:110373. [PMID: 38091836 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite being one of the first enzymes discovered in 1883, the determination of laccase activity remains a scientific challenge, and a barrier to the full use of laccase as a biocatalyst. Indeed, laccase, an oxidase of the blue multi-copper oxidases family, has a wide range of substrates including substituted phenols, aromatic amines and lignin-related compounds. Its one-electron mechanism requires only oxygen and releases water as a reaction product. These characteristics make laccase a biocatalyst of interest in many fields of applications including pulp and paper industry, biorefineries, food, textile, and pharmaceutical industries. But to fully envisage the use of laccase at an industrial scale, its activity must be reliably quantifiable on complex substrates and in complex matrices. This review aims to describe current and emerging methods for laccase activity assays and place them in the context of a potential industrial use of the enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Martin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascal Dubessay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Eric Record
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Audonnet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ali M, Bhardwaj P, Ishqi HM, Shahid M, Islam A. Laccase Engineering: Redox Potential Is Not the Only Activity-Determining Feature in the Metalloproteins. Molecules 2023; 28:6209. [PMID: 37687038 PMCID: PMC10488915 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Laccase, one of the metalloproteins, belongs to the multicopper oxidase family. It oxidizes a wide range of substrates and generates water as a sole by-product. The engineering of laccase is important to broaden their industrial and environmental applications. The general assumption is that the low redox potential of laccases is the principal obstacle, as evidenced by their low activity towards certain substrates. Therefore, the primary goal of engineering laccases is to improve their oxidation capability, thereby increasing their redox potential. Even though some of the determinants of laccase are known, it is still not entirely clear how to enhance its redox potential. However, the laccase active site has additional characteristics that regulate the enzymes' activity and specificity. These include the electrostatic and hydrophobic environment of the substrate binding pocket, the steric effect at the substrate binding site, and the orientation of the binding substrate with respect to the T1 site of the laccase. In this review, these features of the substrate binding site will be discussed to highlight their importance as a target for future laccase engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Misha Ali
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India; (M.A.); (P.B.)
| | - Priyanka Bhardwaj
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India; (M.A.); (P.B.)
| | - Hassan Mubarak Ishqi
- Department of Surgery and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16273, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India; (M.A.); (P.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ben Ayed A, Hadrich B, Sciara G, Lomascolo A, Bertrand E, Faulds CB, Zouari-Mechichi H, Record E, Mechichi T. Optimization of the Decolorization of the Reactive Black 5 by a Laccase-like Active Cell-Free Supernatant from Coriolopsis gallica. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061137. [PMID: 35744655 PMCID: PMC9227205 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The textile industry generates huge volumes of colored wastewater that require multiple treatments to remove persistent toxic and carcinogenic dyes. Here we studied the decolorization of a recalcitrant azo dye, Reactive Black 5, using laccase-like active cell-free supernatant from Coriolopsis gallica. Decolorization was optimized in a 1 mL reaction mixture using the response surface methodology (RSM) to test the influence of five variables, i.e., laccase-like activity, dye concentration, redox mediator (HBT) concentration, pH, and temperature, on dye decolorization. Statistical tests were used to determine regression coefficients and the quality of the models used, as well as significant factors and/or factor interactions. Maximum decolorization was achieved at 120 min (82 ± 0.6%) with the optimized protocol, i.e., laccase-like activity at 0.5 U mL−1, dye at 25 mg L−1, HBT at 4.5 mM, pH at 4.2 and temperature at 55 °C. The model proved significant (ANOVA test with p < 0.001): coefficient of determination (R²) was 89.78%, adjusted coefficient of determination (R²A) was 87.85%, and root mean square error (RMSE) was 10.48%. The reaction conditions yielding maximum decolorization were tested in a larger volume of 500 mL reaction mixture. Under these conditions, the decolorization rate reached 77.6 ± 0.4%, which was in good agreement with the value found on the 1 mL scale. RB5 decolorization was further evaluated using the UV-visible spectra of the treated and untreated dyes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Ben Ayed
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia;
- UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, 13288 Marseille, France; (G.S.); (A.L.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (E.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Bilel Hadrich
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia;
| | - Giuliano Sciara
- UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, 13288 Marseille, France; (G.S.); (A.L.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (E.R.)
| | - Anne Lomascolo
- UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, 13288 Marseille, France; (G.S.); (A.L.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (E.R.)
| | - Emmanuel Bertrand
- UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, 13288 Marseille, France; (G.S.); (A.L.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (E.R.)
| | - Craig B. Faulds
- UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, 13288 Marseille, France; (G.S.); (A.L.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (E.R.)
| | - Héla Zouari-Mechichi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia;
| | - Eric Record
- UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, 13288 Marseille, France; (G.S.); (A.L.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (E.R.)
| | - Tahar Mechichi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia;
- Correspondence: (A.B.A.); (T.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Song Y, Wang Y, Guo Y, Qiao Y, Ma Q, Ji C, Zhao L. Degradation of zearalenone and aflatoxin B1 by Lac2 from Pleurotus pulmonarius in the presence of mediators. Toxicon 2021; 201:1-8. [PMID: 34391788 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The contamination of foods and feeds with mycotoxins has been an issue of global significance. For mycotoxin detoxification, enzymatic biodegradation using laccase has received much attention. In this study, a laccase gene lac2 from the fungus Pleurotus pulmonarius was expressed in the Pichia pastoris X33 yeast strain to produce recombinant proteins. Enzymatic properties of recombinant Lac2 and its ability to degrade zearalenone (ZEN) and Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in the presence of four mediators (ABTS, TEMPO, AS and SA) were investigated. Result showed that the optimum pH and temperature of recombinant Lac2 were 3.5 and 55 °C, respectively. Lac2 was not sensitive to heat and stable under both acidic and alkaline conditions. Lac2-ABTS and Lac2-AS were efficient systems for ZEN degradation over a wide range of pH (4-8) and temperature (40-60 °C). Lac2-AS was the most efficient system for AFB1 degradation, reaching 99.82% of degradation at pH 7 and 37 °C after 1 h of incubation. Finally, the Lac2-mediator oxidation products were structurally characterized. This study lays a solid foundation for the application of Lac2 laccase combined with AS for degrading mycotoxin in food and feed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China; College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Yongpeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Yingying Qiao
- Faculty of Biology and Technology, Sumy National Agrarian University, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Cheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mojtabavi S, Khoshayand MR, Fazeli MR, Faramarzi MA, Samadi N. Development of an enzyme-enhancer system to improve laccase biological activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 173:99-108. [PMID: 33460660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation reports an in-vitro study using combination of laccase and an enhancer capable of inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, preventing biofilm formation, and whitening teeth. Laccase-cinnamic acid system remarkably inhibited the growth of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Candida albicans, S. aureus, and Streptococcus mutans whilst showed no significant effects on Gram-negative bacteria. Data presented that cinnamic acid (10 mM) with laccase (0.125 U ml-1) led to a maximum decrease of about 90%, in S. mutans biofilm formation. The confocal laser scanning microscopy showed considerable detachment of S. mutans cells from glass substratum. The combined laccase-cinnamic acid system could remove teeth discoloration caused by coffee. SEM of the teeth surface exhibited no damages such as surface cracking or fracture. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies showed that laccase can catalyze the one-electron oxidation of cinnamic acid to the respective radical. This radical can then undergo several fates, including recombination with another radical to form a dimeric species, dismutation of the radical back to cinnamic acid or decarboxylation to give various reduced oxygen species. Therefore, the redox potential values of phenolic monomers/oligomers are related with their biological activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Mojtabavi
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6451, Tehran 1417614411, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6451, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khoshayand
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6451, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Fazeli
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6451, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Faramarzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6451, Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
| | - Nasrin Samadi
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6451, Tehran 1417614411, Iran; Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kumar A. Biobleaching: An eco-friendly approach to reduce chemical consumption and pollutants generation. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2019-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The pulp and paper industry is known to be a large contributor to environmental pollution due to the huge consumption of chemicals and energy. Several chemicals including H2SO4, Cl2, ClO2, NaOH, and H2O2 are used during the bleaching process. These chemicals react with lignin and carbohydrates to generate a substantial amount of pollutants in bleach effluents. Environmental pressure has compelled the pulp and paper industry to reduce pollutant generation from the bleaching section. Enzymes have emerged as simple, economical, and eco-friendly alternatives for bleaching of pulp. The pretreatment of pulp with enzymes is termed as biobleaching or pre-bleaching. Different microbial enzymes such as xylanases, pectinases, laccases, manganese peroxidases (MnP), and lignin peroxidases are used for biobleaching. Xylanases depolymerize the hemicelluloses precipitated on pulp fiber surfaces and improves the efficiency of bleaching chemicals. Xylanase treatment also increases the pulp fibrillation and reduces the beating time of the pulp. Pectinases hydrolyze pectin available in the pulp fibers and improve the papermaking process. Laccase treatment is found more effective along with mediator molecules (as a laccase-mediator system). Biobleaching of pulp results in the superior quality of pulp along with lower consumption of chlorine-based chemicals and lower generation of adsorbable organic halidesadsorbable organic halides (AOX. An enzyme pretreatment reduces the kappa number of pulp and improves ISO brightness significantly. Better physical strength properties and pulp viscosity have also been observed during biobleaching of pulp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology , Debre Markos University College of Natural and Computational Science , Debre Markos 269 Gojjam , Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu B, Qin C, Zhang F, Wang S, Liang C, Nie S, Wang S, Yao S. Reaction Mechanism of Phenolic Lignin and High Concentration Chlorine Dioxide and Its Application. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:22475-22481. [PMID: 32923806 PMCID: PMC7482299 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In fact, the chemical reaction rate of traditional chlorine dioxide bleaching of pulp is too fast to observe the intermediate process. The mechanism behind the reaction of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyacetophenone (APO), a phenolic lignin model compound, with high concentrations of chlorine dioxide was investigated. Individual solutions of each compound and a mixture of the two were analyzed by UV-vis spectrophotometry, and an absorbance band at 260 nm was observed for the stable benzoquinone intermediates at room temperature. Free chlorine dioxide displayed an absorbance at 360 nm and changes in this absorbance were studied with different APO concentrations. A fixed molar ratio of 1:3 was obtained between APO and chlorine dioxide consumption. The intermediate absorbance demonstrated a linear relationship with the APO concentration. The reaction path between APO and chlorine dioxide at high concentrations was speculated, and it was observed that the activity of C1, C2, C3, C5, and C6 on the APO benzene ring was enhanced when high concentrations of chlorine dioxide were present. From these results, a new method for efficient and clean chlorine dioxide bleaching can be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baojie Liu
- School
of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Chengrong Qin
- School
of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Fuqiang Zhang
- School
of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Shuo Wang
- School
of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Chen Liang
- School
of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Shuangxi Nie
- School
of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Shuangfei Wang
- School
of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Shuangquan Yao
- School
of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
- Guangxi
Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hilgers R, van Dam A, Zuilhof H, Vincken JP, Kabel MA. Controlling the Competition: Boosting Laccase/HBT-Catalyzed Cleavage of a β-O-4′ Linked Lignin Model. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roelant Hilgers
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke van Dam
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, 300072 Tianjin, China
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam A. Kabel
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Youssef ASA, Hemdan MM, Azab ME, Emara SA, Elsayed GA, Kamel RM. Syringaldehyde as a scaffold for the synthesis of some biologically potent heterocycles. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. A. Youssef
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceAin Shams University Abbasia Cairo Egypt
| | - Magdy M. Hemdan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceAin Shams University Abbasia Cairo Egypt
| | - Mohammad E. Azab
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceAin Shams University Abbasia Cairo Egypt
| | - Samir A. Emara
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceAin Shams University Abbasia Cairo Egypt
| | - Galal A. Elsayed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceAin Shams University Abbasia Cairo Egypt
| | - Rabaa M. Kamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceAin Shams University Abbasia Cairo Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Singh G, Arya SK. Utility of laccase in pulp and paper industry: A progressive step towards the green technology. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:1070-1084. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
12
|
Guan ZB, Luo Q, Wang HR, Chen Y, Liao XR. Bacterial laccases: promising biological green tools for industrial applications. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3569-3592. [PMID: 30046841 PMCID: PMC11105425 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2883-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Multicopper oxidases (MCOs) are a pervasive family of enzymes that oxidize a wide range of phenolic and nonphenolic aromatic substrates, concomitantly with the reduction of dioxygen to water. MCOs are usually divided into two functional classes: metalloxidases and laccases. Given their broad substrate specificity and eco-friendliness (molecular oxygen from air as is used as the final electron acceptor and they only release water as byproduct), laccases are regarded as promising biological green tools for an array of applications. Among these laccases, those of bacterial origin have attracted research attention because of their notable advantages, including broad substrate spectrum, wide pH range, high thermostability, and tolerance to alkaline environments. This review aims to summarize the significant research efforts on the properties, mechanisms and structures, laccase-mediator systems, genetic engineering, immobilization, and biotechnological applications of the bacteria-source laccases and laccase-like enzymes, which principally include Bacillus laccases, actinomycetic laccases and some other species of bacterial laccases. In addition, these enzymes may offer tremendous potential for environmental and industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Bing Guan
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Quan Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Ran Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Ru Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ahmad Rizal NFA, Ibrahim MF, Zakaria MR, Kamal Bahrin E, Abd-Aziz S, Hassan MA. Combination of Superheated Steam with Laccase Pretreatment Together with Size Reduction to Enhance Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Oil Palm Biomass. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040811. [PMID: 29614823 PMCID: PMC6017473 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of superheated steam (SHS) with ligninolytic enzyme laccase pretreatment together with size reduction was conducted in order to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of oil palm biomass into glucose. The oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) and oil palm mesocarp fiber (OPMF) were pretreated with SHS and ground using a hammer mill to sizes of 2, 1, 0.5 and 0.25 mm before pretreatment using laccase to remove lignin. This study showed that reduction of size from raw to 0.25 mm plays important role in lignin degradation by laccase that removed 38.7% and 39.6% of the lignin from OPEFB and OPMF, respectively. The subsequent saccharification process of these pretreated OPEFB and OPMF generates glucose yields of 71.5% and 63.0%, which represent a 4.6 and 4.8-fold increase, respectively, as compared to untreated samples. This study showed that the combination of SHS with laccase pretreatment together with size reduction could enhance the glucose yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Fatin Athirah Ahmad Rizal
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamad Faizal Ibrahim
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
- Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Rafein Zakaria
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
- Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Ezyana Kamal Bahrin
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
- Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Suraini Abd-Aziz
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Ali Hassan
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Loi M, Fanelli F, Zucca P, Liuzzi VC, Quintieri L, Cimmarusti MT, Monaci L, Haidukowski M, Logrieco AF, Sanjust E, Mulè G. Aflatoxin B₁ and M₁ Degradation by Lac2 from Pleurotus pulmonarius and Redox Mediators. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8090245. [PMID: 27563923 PMCID: PMC5037472 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8090245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Laccases (LCs) are multicopper oxidases that find application as versatile biocatalysts for the green bioremediation of environmental pollutants and xenobiotics. In this study we elucidate the degrading activity of Lac2 pure enzyme form Pleurotus pulmonarius towards aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and M1 (AFM1). LC enzyme was purified using three chromatographic steps and identified as Lac2 through zymogram and LC-MS/MS. The degradation assays were performed in vitro at 25 °C for 72 h in buffer solution. AFB1 degradation by Lac2 direct oxidation was 23%. Toxin degradation was also investigated in the presence of three redox mediators, (2,2′-azino-bis-[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]) (ABTS) and two naturally-occurring phenols, acetosyringone (AS) and syringaldehyde (SA). The direct effect of the enzyme and the mediated action of Lac2 with redox mediators univocally proved the correlation between Lac2 activity and aflatoxins degradation. The degradation of AFB1 was enhanced by the addition of all mediators at 10 mM, with AS being the most effective (90% of degradation). AFM1 was completely degraded by Lac2 with all mediators at 10 mM. The novelty of this study relies on the identification of a pure enzyme as capable of degrading AFB1 and, for the first time, AFM1, and on the evidence that the mechanism of an effective degradation occurs via the mediation of natural phenolic compounds. These results opened new perspective for Lac2 application in the food and feed supply chains as a biotransforming agent of AFB1 and AFM1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Loi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via Amendola 122/O, Bari 70126, Italy.
- Department of Economics, University of Foggia, via Napoli 25, Foggia 71122, Italy.
| | - Francesca Fanelli
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via Amendola 122/O, Bari 70126, Italy.
| | - Paolo Zucca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Complesso Universitario, SP Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato 09042, Italy.
| | - Vania C Liuzzi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via Amendola 122/O, Bari 70126, Italy.
| | - Laura Quintieri
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via Amendola 122/O, Bari 70126, Italy.
| | - Maria T Cimmarusti
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via Amendola 122/O, Bari 70126, Italy.
- Department of Economics, University of Foggia, via Napoli 25, Foggia 71122, Italy.
| | - Linda Monaci
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via Amendola 122/O, Bari 70126, Italy.
| | - Miriam Haidukowski
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via Amendola 122/O, Bari 70126, Italy.
| | - Antonio F Logrieco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via Amendola 122/O, Bari 70126, Italy.
| | - Enrico Sanjust
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Complesso Universitario, SP Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato 09042, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Mulè
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via Amendola 122/O, Bari 70126, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Masran R, Zanirun Z, Bahrin EK, Ibrahim MF, Lai Yee P, Abd-Aziz S. Harnessing the potential of ligninolytic enzymes for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:5231-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7545-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
16
|
Lignin Biodegradation with Fungi, Bacteria and Enzymes for Producing Chemicals and Increasing Process Efficiency. PRODUCTION OF BIOFUELS AND CHEMICALS FROM LIGNIN 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1965-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
17
|
Westereng B, Cannella D, Wittrup Agger J, Jørgensen H, Larsen Andersen M, Eijsink VG, Felby C. Enzymatic cellulose oxidation is linked to lignin by long-range electron transfer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18561. [PMID: 26686263 PMCID: PMC4685257 DOI: 10.1038/srep18561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic oxidation of cell wall polysaccharides by lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) plays a pivotal role in the degradation of plant biomass. While experiments have shown that LPMOs are copper dependent enzymes requiring an electron donor, the mechanism and origin of the electron supply in biological systems are only partly understood. We show here that insoluble high molecular weight lignin functions as a reservoir of electrons facilitating LPMO activity. The electrons are donated to the enzyme by long-range electron transfer involving soluble low molecular weight lignins present in plant cell walls. Electron transfer was confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy showing that LPMO activity on cellulose changes the level of unpaired electrons in the lignin. The discovery of a long-range electron transfer mechanism links the biodegradation of cellulose and lignin and sheds new light on how oxidative enzymes present in plant degraders may act in concert.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bjørge Westereng
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Geoscience and Natural Resources Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - David Cannella
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Geoscience and Natural Resources Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jane Wittrup Agger
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Henning Jørgensen
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Geoscience and Natural Resources Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mogens Larsen Andersen
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Food Science Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Vincent G.H. Eijsink
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Claus Felby
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Geoscience and Natural Resources Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Can laccases catalyze bond cleavage in lignin? Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:13-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
19
|
Singh G, Kaur K, Puri S, Sharma P. Critical factors affecting laccase-mediated biobleaching of pulp in paper industry. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:155-64. [PMID: 25421562 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Next to xylanases, laccases from fungi and alkali-tolerant bacteria are the most important biocatalysts that can be employed for eco-friendly biobleaching of hard and soft wood pulps in the paper industry. Laccases offer a potential alternative to conventional, environmental-polluting chlorine and chlorine-based bleaching and has no reductive effect on the final yield of pulp as compared to hemicellulases (xylanases and mannanases). In the last decade, reports on biobleaching with laccases are based on laboratory observations only. There are several critical challenges before this enzyme can be implemented for pulp bleaching at the industrial scale. This review discusses significant factors like redox potential, laccase mediator system (LMS)-synthetic or natural, pH, temperature, stability of enzyme, unwanted grafting reactions of laccase, and cost-intensive production at large scale which constitute a great hitch for the successful implementation of laccases at industrial level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gursharan Singh
- Biotechnology Branch, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Martin-Sampedro R, Miranda J, García-Fuentevilla LL, Hernández M, Arias ME, Diaz MJ, Eugenio ME. Influence of process variables on the properties of laccase biobleached pulps. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 38:113-23. [PMID: 25085529 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1249-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A laccase stage can be used as a pre-treatment of a standard chemical bleaching sequence to reduce environmental concerns associated to this process. The importance of each independent variable and its influence on the properties of the bleached pulp have been studied in depth in this work, using an adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) with four independent variables (laccase, buffer, mediator and oxygen) as input. Eucalyptus globulus kraft pulp was biobleached using a laccase from Pycnoporus sanguineus and a natural mediator (acetosyringone). Later, an alkaline extraction and a hydrogen peroxide treatment were applied. Most biobleaching processes showed a decrease in kappa number and an increase in brightness with no significant impact on the viscosity values, compared with the control. Oxygen was the variable with the smallest influence on the final pulp properties while the laccase and buffer solution showed a significant influence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Martin-Sampedro
- Cellulose and Paper Laboratory, Forest Product Department, INIA-CIFOR, Carretera de la Coruña, km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li HX, Zhang RJ, Tang L, Zhang JH, Mao ZG. In vivo and in vitro decolorization of synthetic dyes by laccase from solid state fermentation with Trametes sp. SYBC-L4. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 37:2597-605. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1237-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
22
|
Laccase applications in biofuels production: current status and future prospects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:6525-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5810-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
23
|
Bhattacharya S, Das A, Prashanthi K, Palaniswamy M, Angayarkanni J. Mycoremediation of Benzo[a]pyrene by Pleurotus ostreatus in the presence of heavy metals and mediators. 3 Biotech 2014; 4:205-211. [PMID: 28324451 PMCID: PMC3964258 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-013-0148-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene is considered as a priority pollutant because of its carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic effects. The highly recalcitrant nature of Benzo[a]pyrene poses a major problem for its degradation. White-rot fungi such as Pleurotus ostreatus can degrade Benzo[a]pyrene by enzymes like laccase and manganese peroxidase. The present investigation was carried out to determine the extent of Benzo[a]pyrene degradation by the PO-3, a native isolate of P. ostreatus, in the presence of heavy metals and ligninolytic enzyme mediators. Modified mineral salt medium was supplemented with 5 mM concentration of different heavy metal salts and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Vanillin and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (1 and 5 mM) were used to study the effect of mediators. Results indicated that P. ostreatus PO-3 degraded 71.2 % of Benzo[a]pyrene in the presence of copper ions. Moderate degradation was observed in the presence of zinc and manganese. Both biomass formation and degradation were severely affected in the presence of all other heavy metal salts used in the study. Copper at 15 mM concentration supported the best degradation (74.2 %), beyond which the degradation progressively reduced. Among the mediators, 1 mM 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) supported 78.7 % degradation and 83.6 % degradation was observed under the influence of 5 mM vanillin. Thus, metal ion like copper is essential for better biodegradation of Benzo[a]pyrene. Compared to synthetic laccase mediator like 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate), natural mediator such as vanillin may play a significant role in the degradation of aromatic compounds by white-rot fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, 641021, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Arijit Das
- Department of Microbiology, Genohelix Biolabs, Centre for Advanced Studies in Biosciences, Jain University, Bangalore, 560019, Karnataka, India
| | - Kuruvalli Prashanthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Genohelix Biolabs, Centre for Advanced Studies in Biosciences, Jain University, Bangalore, 560019, Karnataka, India
| | - Muthusamy Palaniswamy
- Department of Microbiology, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, 641021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayaraman Angayarkanni
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Qiu W, Zhang W, Chen H. Natural laccase mediators separated from water-washed solution of steam exploded corn straw by nanofiltration and organic solvent fractionation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 156:368-371. [PMID: 24513027 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Artificially synthetic mediators of laccase had the limitation of high cost and possible toxicity. The separation of natural laccase mediators from water-washed solution (WWS) of steam exploded corn straw (SECS) was studied using nano-filtration and successive organic solvents extraction. Results indicated that the UV absorption intensity of nano-filtrated WWS was significantly enhanced. The UV absorption intensity of each extractive from WWS could be ranked as ether extractive (EE)>ethyl acetate extractive (EAE)>chloroform extractive (CE). Decoloration of crystal violet catalyzed by laccase/EE was higher than that by laccase/ABTS, which was 66.95% and 61.9% at 8h, respectively. All the decoloration rates of malachite green at 60min using EE, EAE and ABTS as mediator were both more than 80%. This research would benefit for broaden the source of laccase mediator and reduce the using cost of laccase/mediator system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Hongzhang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Quintana E, Valls C, Vidal T, Blanca Roncero M. An enzyme-catalysed bleaching treatment to meet dissolving pulp characteristics for cellulose derivatives applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 148:1-8. [PMID: 24035814 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bleached cellulose with good end-properties (≈ 90% ISO brightness and 62% cellulose preservation) was obtained by using a totally chlorine-free biobleaching process (TCF). Unbleached sulphite cellulose was treated with Trametes villosa laccase in combination with violuric acid. This enzymatic stage (L) was followed by a chelating stage (Q) and then by a hydrogen peroxide stage reinforced with pressurized oxygen (Po), resulting to an overall LQPo sequence. The use of violuric acid was dictated by the results of a preliminary study, where the bleaching efficiency of various natural (syringaldehyde and p-coumaric acid) and synthetic mediators (violuric acid and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole) were assessed. The outstanding results obtained with laccase-violuric acid system fulfil most of the characteristics of commercial dissolving pulp, totally acceptable for viscose manufacturing or CMC derivatives, with the added advantage that the enzymatic treatment saved 2h of reaction time and about 70% of hydrogen peroxide consumption, relative to a conventional sequence (Po).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Quintana
- Textile and Paper Engineering Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, BarcelonaTech, 08222 Terrassa, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Andreu G, Barneto AG, Vidal T. A new biobleaching sequence for kenaf pulp: influence of the chemical nature of the mediator and thermogravimetric analysis of the pulp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 130:431-438. [PMID: 23313690 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper evaluates five phenolic compounds as mediators for kenaf pulp biobleaching by laccase. The results have been compared with the treatment using a non-phenolic mediator, 1-hydroxybenzotriole and laccase alone. The influence of the nature of the chemical mediators used on various pulp properties is discussed. In addition to oxidizing lignin, the phenolic radicals formed in the process take part in condensation and grafting reactions in enzymatic stage. After biobleaching sequence (LP), syringaldehyde was shown to be the best phenolic mediator, allowing a delignification of 43% and 72% ISO brightness. These results were similar to the use of laccase alone due to the role as mediators of syringyl units resulting from oxidative lignin degradation. As a novelty, the study was supplemented with thermogravimetric analysis, with emphasis on the crystallinity degree of the cellulose surface and the aim of elucidating the action mechanisms of laccase-mediator systems on fiber.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glòria Andreu
- Chemical Engineering Department, ETSEIAT, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Colom 11, E-08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Aracri E, Tzanov T, Vidal T. Use of Cyclic Voltammetry as an Effective Tool for Selecting Efficient Enhancers for Oxidative Bioprocesses: Importance of pH. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie3027586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Aracri
- Department
of Textile and Paper Engineering and ‡Group of Molecular and Industrial
Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya—BarcelonaTech, E-08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Tzanko Tzanov
- Department
of Textile and Paper Engineering and ‡Group of Molecular and Industrial
Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya—BarcelonaTech, E-08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Teresa Vidal
- Department
of Textile and Paper Engineering and ‡Group of Molecular and Industrial
Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya—BarcelonaTech, E-08222 Terrassa, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Moldes D, Vidal T. Laccase for biobleaching of eucalypt kraft pulp by means of a modified industrial bleaching sequence. Biotechnol Prog 2012; 28:1225-31. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
31
|
Martín-Sampedro R, Eugenio ME, Villar JC. Effect of steam explosion and enzymatic pre-treatments on pulping and bleaching of Hesperaloe funifera. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 111:460-467. [PMID: 22386201 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A non-wood raw material with high potential for pulp and paper applications (Hesperaloe funifera) was subjected to a steam explosion pre-treatment, and the subsequent effect of this pretreatment on biopulping and biobleaching was studied. An increase in the delignification rate, bigger than that reported for autohydrolysis and acid hydrolysis pre-treatments, and a reduction in chemical consumption were found during kraft pulping of the exploded samples. However, biopulping with the laccase-mediator system (LMS) did not lead to a reduction in the kappa number in either non-exploded or exploded unbleached pulps. On the other hand, the steam explosion pretreatment boosted the advantages of the LMS pre-treatment (decrease in kappa number and increase in brightness) favored biobleaching, with a 53.1% delignification rate and a final brightness of 67% ISO. Finally, the steam explosion pre-treatment also improved the color properties of the bleached pulp and reduced the hydrogen peroxide consumption by 24.6%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Martín-Sampedro
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria INIA, Carretera de la Coruña, km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Barneto AG, Aracri E, Andreu G, Vidal T. Investigating the structure-effect relationships of various natural phenols used as laccase mediators in the biobleaching of kenaf and sisal pulps. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 112:327-35. [PMID: 22437048 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Nine phenol derivatives, p-coumaric acid (PC), vanillin (V), acetovanillone (AV), acetosyringone (AS), syringaldehyde (SA), coniferaldehyde (CLD), ferulic acid (FRC), sinapic acid (SNC), and sinapyl aldehyde (SLD) were assayed as laccase redox mediators in the biobleaching of kenaf and sisal pulps. As a general behaviour, the phenolic mediators increased the kappa number (KN) and reduced the brightness of pulps. In particular, these changes were found to depend in a linear manner on the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (E(HOMO)) of the mediators. The phenolic mediator with the lowest E(HOMO) (PC) led to the highest increase of KN and the lowest reduction of brightness. On the contrary, syringyl derivatives (i.e. SA) with high E(HOMO) values caused small KN increases and significant losses of brightness. This behaviour was explained on the basis of a competition between grafting and polymerisation processes. The former basically affects KN, whereas the latter affects pulp brightness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agustín G Barneto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Physical Chemistry, and Organic Chemistry, University of Huelva (ceiA3), Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Khlifi-Slama R, Mechichi T, Sayadi S, Dhouib A. Effect of natural mediators on the stability of Trametes trogii laccase during the decolourization of textile wastewaters. J Microbiol 2012; 50:226-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-012-1421-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
34
|
Martín-Sampedro R, Rodríguez A, Ferrer A, García-Fuentevilla LL, Eugenio ME. Biobleaching of pulp from oil palm empty fruit bunches with laccase and xylanase. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 110:371-378. [PMID: 22349193 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Laccase and xylanase were tested for their suitability for biobleaching of soda-anthraquinone pulp from oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB). An enzymatic stage with xylanase (X) and/or laccase (L) was incorporated before the alkaline extraction stage (E) and the hydrogen peroxide bleaching stage (P). Compared with controls, the LEP sequence resulted in an improvement of optical properties (brightness and colorimetric properties) and a reduction of the kappa number. When xylanase and laccase were used jointly, no improvement was detected, however, when the xylanase application preceded the laccase stage, the beneficial effects of laccase were boosted. Thus, the final XLEP bleached pulp showed a kappa number of 5.4 and a brightness of 60.5% ISO, although the hydrogen peroxide consumption increased (77.0% vs. 64.5% and 73.8% for EP and LEP respectively). Finally, after subjecting the bleached pulps to accelerated ageing, the best optical properties were observed in the XLEP pulp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Martín-Sampedro
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria INIA, Carretera de la Coruña, km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Aracri E, Barneto AG, Vidal T. Comparative Study of the Effects Induced by Different Laccase-Based Systems on Sisal Cellulose Fibers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie2028206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Aracri
- Textile and Paper Engineering Department,
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Colom 11, E-08222 Terrassa,
Spain
| | - Agustín G. Barneto
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, Physical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry (Campus de Excelencia
Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3), University of Huelva, Campus
El Carmen, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Teresa Vidal
- Textile and Paper Engineering Department,
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Colom 11, E-08222 Terrassa,
Spain
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Virk AP, Sharma P, Capalash N. Use of laccase in pulp and paper industry. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 28:21-32. [PMID: 22012940 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Laccase, through its versatile mode of action, has the potential to revolutionize the pulping and paper making industry. It not only plays a role in the delignification and brightening of the pulp but has also been described for the removal of the lipophilic extractives responsible for pitch deposition from both wood and nonwood paper pulps. Laccases are capable of improving physical, chemical, as well as mechanical properties of pulp either by forming reactive radicals with lignin or by functionalizing lignocellulosic fibers. Laccases can also target the colored and toxic compounds released as effluents from various industries and render them nontoxic through its polymerization and depolymerization reactions. This article reviews the use of both fungal and bacterial laccases in improving pulp properties and bioremediation of pulp and paper mill effluents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antar Puneet Virk
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Aracri E, Roncero MB, Vidal T. Studying the effects of laccase-catalysed grafting of ferulic acid on sisal pulp fibers. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:7555-7560. [PMID: 21665465 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Functionalization of sisal specialty pulp fibers by laccase-catalysed grafting of ferulic acid (FRC) was investigated. To this end, the extent of phenol coupling to fibers under different reaction conditions (laccase and FRC rates, and time) was evaluated in terms of pulp properties including kappa number (expressed as the combined contributions of lignin and hexenuronic acids), brightness, Klason lignin and surface anionic charge after Soxhlet extraction of acetone-treated pulp. The specific treatment resulting in the highest degree of grafting was then used in a comparative study of the effects of applying the laccase-FRC system to refined and unrefined pulp with a view to confirming whether the increased surface area obtained by effect of fibrillation would lead to enhanced grafting. Based on the results, refining the pulp prior to the enzyme treatment resulted in increased grafting which in turn led to handsheets with improved strength-related properties (particularly wet tensile strength) relative to control samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Aracri
- Textile and Paper Engineering Department, ETSEIAT, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Colom 11, E-08222 Terrassa, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Vila C, Barneto AG, Fillat A, Vidal T, Ariza J. Use of thermogravimetric analysis to monitor the effects of natural laccase mediators on flax pulp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:6554-6561. [PMID: 21498071 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effects of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) and the natural laccase mediators gallic acid, caffeic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, on the enzymatic bleaching of flax pulp were compared. The treatment was performed under atmospheric air and oxygen pressure, and, for the first time, monitored by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for comparison with chemical analysis, FTIR and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopies. Thermogravimetric data were simulated by applying a nucleation kinetic equation to a combustion model based on four pseudo-components (hemicellulose, amorphous and crystalline cellulose, and lignin). The results thus obtained show that the effects of the natural mediators are similar to those of HBT and lead to increased order in cellulose microfibril surfaces. An increase in pulp crystallinity was additionally exposed by the XRD and FTIR techniques, and a reduction in microfibril equatorial size by the XRD patterns. Simulated DTG curves were used to determine the kinetic parameters for thermal degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Vila
- Department of Textile and Paper Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Colom 11, E-08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Andreu G, Vidal T. Effects of laccase-natural mediator systems on kenaf pulp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:5932-7. [PMID: 21444198 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the first application of laccase-mediator systems (LMS) to kenaf pulp. Five natural phenolic compounds (acetosyringone, syringaldehyde, p-coumaric acid, vanillin and acetovanillone) were used as mediators in combination with laccase in an L stage in order to elucidate their effect on delignification. After LMS treatment, pulp samples were subjected to two alkaline treatments (an E or P stage). The results obtained were compared with those provided by the laccase-1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) system. All natural mediators increased kappa number, decreased brightness and changed optical properties of the pulp after the L stage, suggesting that natural mediators tend to couple to fibers during a laccase-mediator treatment. The greatest delignification and bleaching effects after the P stage were obtained with syringaldehyde and acetosyringone, providing an effective means for delignifying kenaf, whereas those based on the other three could be used to functionalize kenaf with a view to obtaining pulp with novel properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glòria Andreu
- Chemical Engineering Department, ETSEIAT, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Colom 11, E-08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Martín-Sampedro R, Eugenio ME, Villar JC. Biobleaching of Eucalyptus globulus kraft pulps: comparison between pulps obtained from exploded and non-exploded chips. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:4530-4535. [PMID: 21256741 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the response to biobleaching of steam exploded kraft pulps and to compare the results with the controls. For this end, a laccase-mediator treatment using commercial laccase (Novozyme 51003) and a natural mediator (acetosyringone) were assayed, followed by alkaline extraction and hydrogen peroxide stages. Our approach resulted in exploded biobleached pulps with lower kappa number and improved optical properties compared to controls, even after subjecting pulps to accelerated ageing. Additionally, use of hydrogen peroxide was reduced. The LMS (laccase-mediator system) had a smaller impact on the properties of the bleached pulps and on hydrogen peroxide consumption than the steam explosion process did.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Martín-Sampedro
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria INIA, Carretera de la Coruña, km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Moldes D, Vidal T. Reutilization of effluents from laccase-mediator treatments of kraft pulp for biobleaching. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:3603-3606. [PMID: 21111614 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.10.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Several effluents from laccase-mediator treatments of kraft pulp were recovered and subsequently reused with fresh pulp in order to simulate recirculation of effluents during biobleaching. The effluents were used as a new bleaching stage without any modification except enzyme addition. Pulp treated with effluents were afterwards chemically bleached by using the simple sequence LQPo, where L represents the treatment with effluent and laccase addition, Q is a chelating stage and Po is an alkaline peroxide stage. This system showed a promising potential on delignification, with kappa number ranging from 5.5 to 6.6 after LQPo sequence, depending on the type of effluent employed in L stage. Improvements on pulp brightness were also reported compared with control experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Moldes
- Department of Textile and Paper Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Terrassa, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Marques G, Molina S, Babot ED, Lund H, del Río JC, Gutiérrez A. Exploring the potential of fungal manganese-containing lipoxygenase for pitch control and pulp delignification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:1338-1343. [PMID: 20864336 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Revised: 08/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The potential of the lipoxygenase from Gaeumannomyces graminis to remove lipophilic extractives from eucalypt and flax pulps was investigated. Pulp treatments were performed with the lipoxygenase both in the presence and absence of linoleic acid, and were followed by a peroxide bleaching stage. The main lipophilic extractives from eucalypt pulp such as conjugated and free sterols decreased up to 40% and 7%, respectively, by the lipoxygenase treatment in the presence of linoleic acid. Different degradation patterns were observed among the lipophilic compounds present in flax pulp, although a high removal of all the extractives classes, including alkanes (21-55%), fatty alcohols (42-61%), and free (16-55%) and glycosylated (45-71%) sterols, was attained in all the lipoxygenase treatments. Reactions of the lipoxygenase with model lipid mixtures were carried out to better understand the degradation patterns observed in pulps. Finally, pulp delignification by the lipoxygenase treatments was also evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Marques
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, CSIC, P.O. Box 1052, E-41080 Seville, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Díaz-González M, Vidal T, Tzanov T. Phenolic compounds as enhancers in enzymatic and electrochemical oxidation of veratryl alcohol and lignins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 89:1693-700. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-3007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
45
|
Cadena EM, Vidal T, Torres AL. Can the laccase mediator system affect the chemical and refining properties of the eucalyptus pulp? BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:8199-8204. [PMID: 20561782 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Application of a laccase mediator system (an L stage) to TCF and ECF bleached pulp from Eucalyptus globulus with low residual lignin content (KN(lig)1.0) provides useful information about its effects on hexenuronic acids, functional groups (carboxyl and carbonyl) and electrokinetic properties such as zeta potential and surface charge. The use of laccase from Trametes villosa in combination with the mediator 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) was found to oxidize cellulose to carbonyl groups and reduce the amount of carboxyl groups present in TCF pulp by effect of its partially removing hexenuronic acids from it. This result may open up new prospects for improving brightness stability in pulp. In addition, the laccase mediator system modifies the surface charge and zeta potential in the fibre suspension for the removal of ionizables groups in TCF pulp. This result has no adverse effect on the pulp refining efficiency. L treatment requires less mechanical energy than conventionally refined pulp to obtain an optimal tensile and tear index in handsheets. This behavior may be attributable to the modification of the electrokinetic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edith M Cadena
- Textile and Paper Engineering Department, ETSEIAT, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Colom 11, E-08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Aracri E, Fillat A, Colom JF, Gutiérrez A, Del Río JC, Martínez AT, Vidal T. Enzymatic grafting of simple phenols on flax and sisal pulp fibres using laccases. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:8211-8216. [PMID: 20580550 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Flax and sisal pulps were treated with two laccases (from Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, PcL and Trametes villosa, TvL, respectively), in the presence of different phenolic compounds (syringaldehyde, acetosyringone and p-coumaric acid in the case of flax pulp, and coniferaldehyde, sinapaldehyde, ferulic acid and sinapic acid in the case of sisal pulp). In most cases the enzymatic treatments resulted in increased kappa number of pulps suggesting the incorporation of the phenols into fibres. The covalent binding of these compounds to fibres was evidenced by the analysis of the treated pulps, after acetone extraction, by pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in the absence and/or in the presence of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) as methylating agent. The highest extents of phenol incorporation were observed with the p-hydroxycinnamic acids, p-coumaric and ferulic acids. The present work shows for the first time the use of analytical pyrolysis as an effective approach to study fibre functionalization by laccase-induced grafting of phenols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Aracri
- Textile and Paper Engineering Department, ETSEIAT, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Colom 11, E-08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Moldes D, Cadena EM, Vidal T. Biobleaching of eucalypt kraft pulp with a two laccase-mediator stages sequence. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:6924-6929. [PMID: 20430613 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Revised: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A new biobleaching sequence, with two enzymatic stages based on the application of laccase-mediator systems, was tested (L(1)EL(2)QPo) in order to increase the effectiveness of enzyme delignification on eucalypt kraft pulp. Different synthetic -1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) and violuric acid (VA) - and natural - syringaldehyde (SyAl) - mediators were used in the laccase stages and the biobleached pulp were compared in terms of chemical, optical and physico-mechanical properties. The pulp bleached with HBT or VA showed similar delignification (64.1% and 65.9% respectively) and optical properties (86.4% and 86.1% ISO brightness respectively) than an industrial TCF pulp (68.3% delignification and 84.8% ISO brightness). SyAl improved these properties in a lower extent (56.71% delignification and 80.52% ISO brightness). Regarding physico-mechanical properties of pulp, the biobleaching sequence had no a negative effect, even some slight improvements were observed in very specific cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Moldes
- Department of Textile and Paper Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Colom 11, E-08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Valls C, Vidal T, Roncero MB. Boosting the effect of a laccase-mediator system by using a xylanase stage in pulp bleaching. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 177:586-592. [PMID: 20116167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Using an enzyme-based stage involving a xylanase (X) or laccase (as part of a laccase-mediator system, L) in a bleaching process can help reduce reagent consumption and hence its environmental impact. In this work, both types of enzymes were applied to eucalypt pulp. The influence of process variables in the laccase-mediator treatment (viz. laccase dose, HBT dose and reaction time) was assessed by using a three-variable sequential statistical plan. The effect of a pretreatment with X on the previous variables was also assessed. Kappa number and brightness models for the L stage and XL sequence were found to perform disparately, which suggests the formation of lignin derivatives interfering with brightness measurements. The L system oxidized readily accessible lignin within the first hours of treatment and affected the contents in cellulose and hexenuronic acids (HexA) of the resulting pulp. Xylanase facilitated access of the laccase-HBT system to lignin and HexA in cellulose fibres. The L treatment increased effluent properties such as Microtox toxicity, COD and colour, and led to strong inactivation of the enzyme. The increased toxicity of the effluents was due to HBT; based on statistical data, however, the effect can be reduced by lowering the mediator dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Valls
- Textile and Paper Engineering Department, ETSEIAT, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Colom 11, E-08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Valls C, Colom JF, Baffert C, Gimbert I, Roncero MB, Sigoillot JC. Comparing the efficiency of the laccase–NHA and laccase–HBT systems in eucalyptus pulp bleaching. Biochem Eng J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
50
|
Da Re V, Papinutti L, Forchiassin F, Levin L. Biobleaching of loblolly pine kraft pulp with Trametes trogii culture fluids followed by a peroxide stage. Application of Doehlert experimental design to evaluate process parameters. Enzyme Microb Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|