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Kamińska A, Sreńscek-Nazzal J, Serafin J, Miądlicki P, Kiełbasa K, Wróblewska A. Biomass-based activated carbons produced by chemical activation with H 3PO 4 as catalysts for the transformation of α-pinene to high-added chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:40063-40082. [PMID: 37329374 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28232-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In the era of ecology and careful care for the environment, it becomes important to use renewable raw materials of plant origin, which are often more easily available and cheaper. One of the important and rapidly developing directions of research are works related to the use of waste plant biomass; an example of this trend is the production of activated carbons from food industry waste. One of the examples of the application of derived from biomass activated carbons can be using them as catalysts for the isomerization of terpene compounds. Carbons based on waste biomass are characterized by the minimal amount of waste formation during their manufacture, and their use in the isomerization reaction allows to obtain high conversion of organic raw material and high selectivities of transformation to the desired products, making these carbons environmentally friendly substitutes for the catalysts used usually in this process. In this work, obtained carbonaceous catalysts were tested in the process of isomerization of α-pinene to high value chemicals (mainly camphene and limonene). Under the most favorable conditions (activated carbon from sunflower husks content in reaction mixture 5 wt%, temperature 180 °C, and reaction time 100 min), α-pinene was completely converted (conversion 100 mol%) with high selectivity towards camphene (54 mol%). To prepare activated carbons, biomass precursors (orange peels, sunflower husks, spent coffee grounds) were activated with 85% H3PO4 through the chemical activation. The obtained materials were characterized by such methods as sorption N2 at - 196 °C, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to determine the relationship between their textural-chemical properties and catalysts activity in isomerization process. The synthesized materials were characterized by a specific surface area in the range of 930-1764 m2, total pore volume in the range of 0.551-1.02 cm3/g, and total acid-site concentrations in the range of 1.47-2.33 mmol/g. These results showed that textural parameters of the obtained activated carbons have the important role in the isomerization of α-pinene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Kamińska
- Department of Catalytic and Sorbent Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Sreńscek-Nazzal
- Department of Catalytic and Sorbent Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Serafin
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí I Franquès, 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Piotr Miądlicki
- Department of Catalytic and Sorbent Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Kiełbasa
- Department of Catalytic and Sorbent Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wróblewska
- Department of Catalytic and Sorbent Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065, Szczecin, Poland
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Serafin J, Dziejarski B. Activated carbons-preparation, characterization and their application in CO 2 capture: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:40008-40062. [PMID: 37326723 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the latest research trends in terms of the preparation, and characteristics of activated carbons regarding CO2 adsorption applications, with a special focus on future investigation paths. The reported current research trends are primarily closely related to the synthesis conditions (carbonization and physical or chemical activation process), to develop the microporosity and surface area, which are the most important factors affecting the effectiveness of adsorption. Furthermore, we emphasized the importance of regeneration techniques as a factor determining the actual technological and economic suitability of a given material for CO2 capture application. Consequently, this work provides a summary and potential directions for the development of activated carbons (AC). We attempt to create a thorough theoretical foundation for activated carbons while also focusing on identifying and specific statements of the most relevant ongoing research scope that might be advantageous to progress and pursue in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Serafin
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí I Franquès, 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Bartosz Dziejarski
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Division of Energy Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Kałamaga A, Wróbel RJ. The Impact of N/O-Functional Groups on the Sorption Capabilities of Activated Carbons Derived from Furfuryl Alcohol. Molecules 2024; 29:987. [PMID: 38474499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This work describes the effect of nitrogen and oxygen functional groups on the sorption properties of activated carbons produced from furfuryl alcohol. The poly(furfuryl) alcohol underwent carbonization in nitrogen, ammonia, and ammonia and air (in a 3:2 proportion) atmospheres at 600 °C for 4 h. The resulting materials were subsequently activated in a carbon dioxide atmosphere for 1 h at temperatures of 700 °C, 800 °C, 900 °C, and 1000 °C. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) findings suggest that ammoxidation is superior to amination in terms of nitrogen doping. The maximum nitrogen concentration achieved after ammoxidation was 25 at.%, which decreased to 4 at.% after activation. Additionally, it was observed that oxygen functional groups have a greater impact on porous structure development compared to nitrogen functional groups. The materials activated through carbonization under an ammonia/air atmosphere attained the highest oxygen concentration of roughly 19 at.% as confirmed by XPS. The materials were evaluated for their sorption capacities for carbon dioxide and ethylene, which were 2.2 mmol/g and 2.9 mmol/g, respectively, at 30 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kałamaga
- Department of Catalytic and Sorbent Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Piastów 17 Ave., 70-310 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Rafał J Wróbel
- Department of Catalytic and Sorbent Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Piastów 17 Ave., 70-310 Szczecin, Poland
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Tran QT, Đo TH, Ha XL, Duong TTA, Chu MN, Vu VN, Chau HD, Tran TKN, Song P. Experimental Design, Equilibrium Modeling and Kinetic Studies on the Adsorption of Methylene Blue by Adsorbent: Activated Carbon from Durian Shell Waste. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15238566. [PMID: 36500060 PMCID: PMC9737579 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, activated carbon from a durian shell (ACDS) activated by H2SO4 was successfully synthesized in the present study. The fabricated ACDS has a porous surface with a specific surface area of 348.0017 m2·g-1, average capillary volume of 0.153518 cm3·g-1, the average pore diameter of 4.3800 nm; ash level of 55.63%; humidity of 4.74%; density of 0.83 g·cm-3; an iodine index of 634 mg·g-1; and an isoelectric point of 6.03. Several factors affecting Methylene Blue (MB) adsorption capacity of ACDS activated carbon was investigated by the static adsorption method, revealing that the adsorption equilibrium was achieved after 90 min. The best adsorbent pH for MB is 7 and the mass/volume ratio is equal to 2.5 g·L-1. The MB adsorption process of ACDS activated carbon follows the Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, and Elovich isotherm adsorption model, which has determined the maximum adsorption capacity for MB of ACDS as qmax = 57.47 mg·g-1. The MB adsorption process of ACDS follows the of pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic equation. The Weber and Morris Internal Diffusion Model, the Hameed and Daud External Diffusion Model of liquids have been studied to see if the surface phase plays any role in the adsorption process. The results of thermodynamic calculation of the adsorption process show that the adsorption process is dominated by chemical adsorption and endothermic. The obtained results provide an insight for potential applications of ACDS in the treatment of water contaminated by dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quoc Toan Tran
- Chemistry Faculty, Thai Nguyen University of Education, Thai Nguyen 250000, Vietnam
| | - Tra Huong Đo
- Chemistry Faculty, Thai Nguyen University of Education, Thai Nguyen 250000, Vietnam
| | - Xuan Linh Ha
- International School, Thai Nguyen University, Thai Nguyen 250000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Tu Anh Duong
- Chemistry Faculty, Thai Nguyen University of Education, Thai Nguyen 250000, Vietnam
| | - Manh Nhuong Chu
- Chemistry Faculty, Thai Nguyen University of Education, Thai Nguyen 250000, Vietnam
| | - Van Nhuong Vu
- Chemistry Faculty, Thai Nguyen University of Education, Thai Nguyen 250000, Vietnam
| | - Hung Dung Chau
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Food and Environmental Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Kim Ngan Tran
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Food and Environmental Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam
| | - Phomthavongsy Song
- Chemistry Faculty, Thai Nguyen University of Education, Thai Nguyen 250000, Vietnam
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Neme I, Gonfa G, Masi C. Activated carbon from biomass precursors using phosphoric acid: A review. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11940. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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The Influence of NH 4NO 3 and NH 4ClO 4 on Porous Structure Development of Activated Carbons Produced from Furfuryl Alcohol. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227860. [PMID: 36431960 PMCID: PMC9695850 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of NH4NO3 and NH4ClO4 on the porous texture and structure development of activated carbons produced from a non-porous polymeric precursor synthesized from furfuryl alcohol has been studied. The non-doped counterparts were prepared and studied for comparison purposes. NH4NO3 and NH4ClO4-doped polymers were carbonized under N2 atmosphere at 600 °C, followed by CO2 activation at 1000 °C and the obtained carbon materials and activated carbons were thoroughly characterized. The porosity characterization data have shown that NH4NO3-derived ACs present the highest specific surface area (up to 1523 m2/g in the experimental conditions studied), and the resulting porosity distributions are strongly dependent on the activation conditions. Thus, 1 h activation is optimum for the microporosity development, whereas larger activation times lead to micropores enlargement and conversion into mesopores. The type of doping salts used also has a substantial impact on the surface chemical composition, i.e., C=O groups. Moreover, NH4NO3 and NH4ClO4 constitute good sources of nitrogen. The type and contribution of nitrogen species are dependent on the preparation conditions. Quaternary nitrogen only appears in doped samples prepared by carbonization and pyrrolic, pyrydinic, and nitrogen oxide groups appear in the NH4NO3 -series. NH4NO3 incorporation has led to optimized materials towards CO2 and C2H4 sorption with just 1 h activation time.
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Sihombing YA, Rahayu SU, Waldiansyah L, Sembiring YYB. The Effectiveness of Pahae Natural Zeolite-Cocoa Shell Activated Charcoal Nanofilter as a Water Adsorber in Bioethanol Purification. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:38417-38425. [PMID: 36340115 PMCID: PMC9631401 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pahae natural zeolite potentially can be used as a filtration material because of its high adsorption capacity. However, it is known that other supportive materials such as activated charcoal are needed to optimize the utilization of natural zeolite as an adsorber. This study aims to investigate the potential use of activated charcoal which was synthesized from cocoa shells waste and natural zeolite in nanosize as the adsorber in order to increase the concentration of bioethanol. The mixing process of nanozeolite and activated charcoal of cocoa shells was carried out through mechanical mixing, while the nanofilter was made using a press-printing technique followed by sintering at several temperature variations. The results showed that the activated zeolite produced in this study has a particle size of 118.4 nm with water absorption capacity of 52.08%. In line with that, the bioethanol concentration was increased up to 78.92% during the adsorption with a 45 min contact time with water vapor. Thus, based on the results, it can be concluded that nanosized zeolite-based adsorbents and activated charcoal produced from cocoa shells can be utilized as adsorbers to significantly increase the concentration of bioethanol generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Alfinsyah Sihombing
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
| | - Siti Utari Rahayu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
| | - Lilik Waldiansyah
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
| | - Yuni Yati Br Sembiring
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
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8
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Advances of Biowaste-Derived Porous Carbon and Carbon–Manganese Dioxide Composite in Supercapacitors: A Review. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10100160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the global problems is environmental pollution by different biowaste. To solve the problem, biowaste must be recycled. Waste-free technology is also a way of saving exhaustible raw materials. Research on electrochemical energy sources is currently the most dynamically developing area of off-grid energy. Electrochemical capacitors can operate for a long time without changing performance, they have smaller dimensions, high mechanical strength, and a wide operating temperature range. These properties are effective energy-saving devices. Therefore, supercapacitors are widely used in various industries. This review discussed the methods of obtaining and the characteristics of biowaste-derived activated carbon and carbon–manganese oxide (AC-MnO2)-based supercapacitor electrodes.
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Memetova A, Tyagi I, Singh L, Karri RR, Tyagi K, Kumar V, Memetov N, Zelenin A, Tkachev A, Bogoslovskiy V, Shigabaeva G, Galunin E, Mubarak NM, Agarwal S. Nanoporous carbon materials as a sustainable alternative for the remediation of toxic impurities and environmental contaminants: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155943. [PMID: 35577088 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to rapidly deteriorating water resources, the world is looking forward to a sustainable alternative for the remediation of noxious pollutants such as heavy metals and organic and gaseous contaminants. To address this global issue of environmental pollution, nanoporous carbon materials (NPCMs) can be used as a one-stop solution. They are widely applied as adsorbents for many toxic impurities and environmental contaminants. The present review provides a detailed overview of the role of different synthesis factors on the porous characteristics of carbon materials, activating agents, reagent-precursor ratio and their potential application in the remediation. Findings revealed that synthetic parameters result in the formation of microporous NPCMs (SBET: >4000 m3/g; VTotal (cm3/g) ≥ 2; VMicro (cm3/g) ≥ 1), micromesoporous (SBET: >2500 m3/g; VTotal (cm3/g) ≥ 1.5; VMicro (cm3/g) ≥ 0.7) and mesoporous (SBET: >2500 m3/g; VTotal (cm3/g) ≥ 1.5; VMicro (cm3/g) ≥ 0.5) NPCMs. Moreover, it was observed that a narrow pore size distribution (0.5-2.0 nm) yields excellent results in the remediation of noxious contaminants. Further, chemical activating agents such as NaOH, KOH, ZnCl2, and H3PO4 were compared. It was observed that activating agents KОН, H3PO4, and ZnCl2 were generally used and played a significant role in the possible large-scale production and commercialization of NPCMs. Thus, it can be interpreted that with a well-planned strategy for the synthesis, NPCMs with a "tuned" porosity for a specific application, in particular, microporosity for the accumulation and adsorption of energetically important gases (CO2, CH4, H2), micro-mesoporosity and mesoporosity for high adsorption capacity for towards metal ions and a large number of dyes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Memetova
- Department of Technology and Methods of Nanoproducts Manufacturing, Tambov State Technical University, 106 Sovetskaya St., Tambov 392000, Russian Federation
| | - Inderjeet Tyagi
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata 700 053, India.
| | - Lipi Singh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi 110042, India
| | - Rama Rao Karri
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Kaomud Tyagi
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata 700 053, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata 700 053, India
| | - Nariman Memetov
- Department of Technology and Methods of Nanoproducts Manufacturing, Tambov State Technical University, 106 Sovetskaya St., Tambov 392000, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Zelenin
- Department of Technology and Methods of Nanoproducts Manufacturing, Tambov State Technical University, 106 Sovetskaya St., Tambov 392000, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Tkachev
- Department of Technology and Methods of Nanoproducts Manufacturing, Tambov State Technical University, 106 Sovetskaya St., Tambov 392000, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Bogoslovskiy
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenina Ave., Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Gulnara Shigabaeva
- Department of Organic and Ecological Chemistry, University of Tyumen, 6 Volodarskogo St., Tyumen 625003, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny Galunin
- Department of Organic and Ecological Chemistry, University of Tyumen, 6 Volodarskogo St., Tyumen 625003, Russian Federation
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Shilpi Agarwal
- Center for Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Khaksaar AB, Jalali Torshizi H, Hamzeh Y. Valorization and Development of Acorn Starch as Sustainable and High-Performance Papermaking Additive for Improving Bagasse Pulp and Paper Properties. WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION 2022; 14:937-947. [PMID: 36043123 PMCID: PMC9415251 DOI: 10.1007/s12649-022-01912-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Improving bagasse pulp and paper properties using forest-byproduct biomass, native Acorn starch (NAS), was compared with conventional wet-end additive cationic corn starch (CCS). The extracted acorn starch was characterized by SEM, XRD, and GPC. The results clearly showed irregular granular shape (6-12 μm) with rough surfaces, CA-type XRD pattern, and 436.2 kDa molecular weights for NAS. The bagasse pulp retention and drainage as keys of operation performance and runnability were superior by NAS in comparison with CCS, while the lowest dosage of NAS (0.5%) showed superior results than the highest dosages of CCS (1% & 1.5%). The higher NAS adsorption onto the fiber surfaces compared to CCS could be concluded by higher water retention value (WRV) of the pulp together with higher density (up to 20%) and mechanical properties of the produced paper, e.g., tensile (up to 63%), burst (up to 37%) and tear (up to 11%) indices. NAS exploiting naturally as a papermaking additive would provide performance higher than commercial chemically-modified starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Baradaran Khaksaar
- Department of Biorefinery, Faculty of New Technologies and Aerospace Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Jalali Torshizi
- Department of Biorefinery, Faculty of New Technologies and Aerospace Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yahya Hamzeh
- Department of Wood and Paper Sciences and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP Institute of Engineering University. Grenoble Alpes, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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Elimination of Lead by Biosorption on Parthenium Stem Powder Using Box-Behnken Design. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Ye G, Wang Y, Zhu W, Wang X, Yao F, Jiao Y, Cheng H, Huang H, Ye D. Preparing hierarchical porous carbon with well-developed microporosity using alkali metal-catalyzed hydrothermal carbonization for VOCs adsorption. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 298:134248. [PMID: 35288187 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biomass-derived porous carbonaceous materials are efficient adsorbents for VOCs, but their traditional preparation method, pyrolysis combined with activation, suffers from high energy consumption, equipment corrosion, and low pore-making efficiency, which hinders their large-scale practical application. A novel method of alkali metal-catalyzed hydrothermal carbonization coupling with chemical activation for the preparation of microporous carbon is presented. Porous carbon with well-developed microporosity deriving from corn husk were prepared through the hydrothermal carbonization using potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) as a catalyst and programmed heating activation process. And the products were applied to removal of typical oxygen-containing VOCs, ethyl acetate. The addition of K2S2O8 in hydrothermal carbonization accelerated the biomass hydrolysis, decomposed the biopolymer, and formed functional hydrochars. Potassium salts introduced into the hydrochars, which acted as an activator in this programmed heating activation process, formed a great deal of micropores. The specific surface area of micropores increased by 81%, and the specific surface area of micropores less than 1 nm increased by 180%. The introduction of K2S2O8 in preparation improved the adsorption performance of CH-based porous carbons 16.46% and 60.00% respectively at different preparation temperatures (600 °C and 800 °C). Basing on these results, the improvement of micropores less than 1 nm is directly related to the adsorption performance. This indicates that pores (<1 nm) respond well to the adsorption of ethyl acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzheng Ye
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfu Zhu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujun Jiao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hairong Cheng
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haomin Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control (SCUT), 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Daiqi Ye
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control (SCUT), 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
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Hydrocracking of Crude Palm Oil over Bimetallic Oxide NiO-CdO/biochar Catalyst. BULLETIN OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING & CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.17.2.14074.476-485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The bimetallic oxide NiO-CdO/biochar catalyst was prepared by coprecipitation and calcination methods. Characterizations of catalyst were carried out using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Surface Area Analyzer (SAA), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) mapping methods. The catalyst showed a good average crystalized size of 12.30 nm related to the nanoparticles and high dispersion of Ni and Cd metals on the biochar surface. Analysis of liquid fuel products was observed using Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) which was separated to the main product of gasoline fraction (C6–C10), and the second product of kerosene fraction (C11–C16), and diesel fraction (C17–C23). The presence of the catalyst in the hydrocracking resulted in more liquid product of 56.55 wt% than the thermal cracking with a liquid product of 20.55 wt%. The best performance activity of catalyst was found at a temperature of 150 °C with high selectivity to hydrocarbon fuel with 12 types of gasoline fractions (39.24 wt%) compared to gasoline fractions obtained at higher hydrocracking temperatures of 250 °C and 350 °C. The results of this study showed that the bimetallic oxide catalyst supported with biochar from palm kernel shell plays an important role in the hydrocracking process to increase the selectivity of the gasoline fraction. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
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Study of the Enhancements of Porous Structures of Activated Carbons Produced from Durian Husk Wastes. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14105896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The idea of generating high-value practical materials, such as activated carbons, from agricultural wastes as a raw material has been a quite important trend recently due to its positive contributions to the environment and resource savings from biomass. In this paper, activated carbons prepared from durian husk waste by the KOH chemical activation method are studied. We focus on the effects of stages of the activating temperature on their properties. The optimum conditions for activation were a KOH/char ratio of 1:2 at the first and second activation process at the temperatures of 400 and 800 °C, respectively. The characterization results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area showed that the obtained activated carbons have a high surface area and small pore size. The adsorption/desorption isotherms of the obtained activated carbons showed type I and type II isotherms. The chemical structure of obtained activated carbons did not show any variation in the surface functional groups. A feasible method to produce the activated carbons with a high surface area and high adsorption capability from durian husk waste was eventually demonstrated.
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16
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Boontham W, Zhang X, Habaki H, Egashira R. Removal of Lignin by Adsorption Using Palm Kernel Shell Activated Carbon for Decolorization of Effluent in Thailand’s Palm Industry. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.20we239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weetara Boontham
- Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Hiroaki Habaki
- Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Ryuichi Egashira
- Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology
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17
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Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.101890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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18
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Williams NE, Oba OA, Aydinlik NP. Modification, Production, and Methods of KOH‐Activated Carbon. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ndifreke Etuk Williams
- Cyprus International University Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Arts and Science Mersin 10 99010 Lefkosa Turkey
| | - Oluwasuyi Ayobami Oba
- Cyprus International University Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Arts and Science Mersin 10 99010 Lefkosa Turkey
| | - Nur Pasaoglulari Aydinlik
- Cyprus International University Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Arts and Science Mersin 10 99010 Lefkosa Turkey
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19
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Al-Mardeai S, Elnajjar E, Hashaikeh R, Kruczek B, Van der Bruggen B, Al-Zuhair S. Simultaneous Enzymatic Cellulose Hydrolysis and Product Separation in a Radial-Flow Membrane Bioreactor. Molecules 2022; 27:288. [PMID: 35011519 PMCID: PMC8746856 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrolysis is the heart of the lignocellulose-to-bioethanol conversion process. Using enzymes to catalyze the hydrolysis represents a more environmentally friendly pathway compared to other techniques. However, for the process to be economically feasible, solving the product inhibition problem and enhancing enzyme reusability are essential. Prior research demonstrated that a flat-sheet membrane bioreactor (MBR), using an inverted dead-end filtration system, could achieve 86.7% glucose yield from purified cellulose in 6 h. In this study, the effectiveness of flat-sheet versus radial-flow MBR designs was assessed using real, complex lignocellulose biomass, namely date seeds (DSs). The tubular radial-flow MBR used here had more than a 10-fold higher membrane surface area than the flat-sheet MBR design. With simultaneous product separation using the flat-sheet inverted dead-end filtration MBR, a glucose yield of 10.8% from pretreated DSs was achieved within 8 h of reaction, which was three times higher than the yield without product separation, which was only 3.5% within the same time and under the same conditions. The superiority of the tubular radial-flow MBR to hydrolyze pretreated DSs was confirmed with a glucose yield of 60% within 8 h. The promising results obtained by the novel tubular MBR could pave the way for an economic lignocellulose-to-bioethanol process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleha Al-Mardeai
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Emad Elnajjar
- Mechanical Engineering, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Raed Hashaikeh
- Mechanical Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi 129188, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Boguslaw Kruczek
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
| | | | - Sulaiman Al-Zuhair
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
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20
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Turan S, Akmil Başar C, Onal Y. Utilization of activated carbons produced from some natural materials in the purification of used frying oil. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Semra Turan
- Engineering Faculty Food Engineering Department Golkoy Campus Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Bolu Turkey
| | - Canan Akmil Başar
- Chemical Engineering Department Inonu University Engineering Faculty Malatya Turkey
| | - Yunus Onal
- Chemical Engineering Department Inonu University Engineering Faculty Malatya Turkey
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21
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Study the Use of Activated Carbon and Bone Char on the Performance of Gravity Sand-Bag Water Filter. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11110868. [PMID: 34832097 PMCID: PMC8621261 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, granulated activated charcoal (GAC) and bio charcoal (BC) is used as a filler in P3 biosand bag filter to study their filtration performance against a range of fluoride impurities from 1–1400 mg/L. A set of experiments are done to analyze the filtration efficiency of the sandbag filter against fluoride impurities after incorporating different amounts (e.g., 0.2, 2 kg) and a combination of GAC and BC. A combination of filler GAC and BC (1 kg each) have exhibited excellent results with 100% fluoride removal efficiency against 5 mg/L fluoride impurities for an entire experimental time of 165 min. It is because of the synergetic effect of adsorption caused by the high surface area (739 m2/g) of GAC and hydroxyapatite groups in BC. The data from remediation experiments using individual GAC and BC are fitted into the Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherm Models to check their adsorption mechanism and determine GAC and BC’s maximum adsorption capacity (Qm). The remediation data for both GAC and BC have shown the better fitting to the Langmuir Isotherm Model with a high R2 value of 0.994 and 0.970, respectively, showing the excellent conformity with monolayer adsorption. While the GAC and BC have presented negative Kf values of −1.08 and −0.72, respectively, for Freundlich Model, showing the non-conformity to multilayer adsorption. The Qm values obtained from Langmuir Model for GAC is 6.23 mg/g, and for BC, it is 9.13 mg/g. The pH study on adsorption efficiency of individual GAC and BC against 5 mg/L of fluoride impurities indicates the decrease in removal efficiency with an increase in pH from 3 to 9. For example, BC has shown removal efficiency of 99.8% at pH 3 and 99.5% at pH 9, while GAC has exhibited removal efficiency of 96.1% at pH 3 and 95.9% at pH 9. Importantly, this study presents the significance of the synergetic application of GAC and BC in the filters, where GAC and BC are different in their origin, functionalities, and surface characteristics.
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22
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Nitrogen self-doped activated carbons with narrow pore size distribution from bamboo shoot shells. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Wang L, Li M, Hao M, Liu G, Xu S, Chen J, Ren X, Levendis YA. Effects of Activation Conditions on the Properties of Sludge-Based Activated Coke. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:22020-22032. [PMID: 34497896 PMCID: PMC8412919 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge and waste biomass are unavoidable byproducts of municipal and industrial processes. Both materials have significant carbon contents. Activated coke with a developed pore structure can be obtained after its physical activation. In this study, sewage sludge and waste poplar bark were used as precursor materials to prepare activated coke by steam, carbon dioxide gas, and their mixtures. The effects of different concentrations of activation gas on the activated coke product were investigated. Through nitrogen adsorption analysis, it was found that activated coke has a higher specific surface area and better pore structure when activated in gas containing 20% steam. The activated coke prepared by carbon dioxide gas activation has higher microporosity than that prepared by steam activation. Infrared spectrum analysis shows that steam activation is beneficial to the formation of free hydroxyl functional groups. Through scanning electron microscopy analysis, the pores of activated coke prepared by steam activation appeared to extend deeper in the structure of the coke, while the pores of activated coke prepared by carbon dioxide activation appeared to have fine circular structures. The activated coke prepared by the activation of mixed gas appeared to have ablated particles on the surface due to the ablation of the pore structure. In order to prepare activated coke with excellent adsorption performance, the physical and chemical properties of activated coke under different activation conditions were studied in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wang
- Institute
of Thermal Science and Technology, Shandong
University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, China
| | - Minghua Li
- Shandong
Shuifa Intelligent Energy Co., Ltd, Jinan, Shandong Province 250000, China
| | - Miaomiao Hao
- Center
for Ecology and Environmental Protection Education and Communications
of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - GuangKui Liu
- China
Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shaofeng Xu
- Institute
of Thermal Science and Technology, Shandong
University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, China
| | - Juan Chen
- School
of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong
University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250061, China
| | - Xiaohan Ren
- Institute
of Thermal Science and Technology, Shandong
University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, China
| | - Yiannis A. Levendis
- Mechanical
and Industrial Engineering Department, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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24
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Mai NT, Nguyen MN, Tsubota T, Nguyen PLT, Nguyen NH. Evolution of physico-chemical properties of Dicranopteris linearis-derived activated carbon under various physical activation atmospheres. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14430. [PMID: 34257386 PMCID: PMC8277782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work emphasizes the effect of the physical activation using CO2 and steam agents on the physicochemical properties of activated carbon produced from Dicranopteris linearis (D. linearis), a fern species widely distributed across tropic and subtropic ecoregions. The D. linearis-derived chars produced under pyrolysis at 400 °C for 1 h were activated in various CO2-steam proportions. As revealed by the IR and Raman spectra, the structure of the activated chars was heavily dependent on the relative proportion of CO2 and steam. The total specific surface area (SSA) of the activated chars proportionally increased with the increase in steam proportion and was comparable to the values of commercial activated char products. Specifically, the activation under CO2- and steam-saturated conditions has correspondingly resulted in SSA increasing from 89 to 653 m2g-1 and from 89 to 1015 m2g-1. Steam also enhanced the development of mesoporous structures of the D. linearis-derived char products, thereby extending their potential applications, particularly for industries that require high rigidity in the product such as pharmaceutical and cosmetic sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga T Mai
- Faculty of Environmental and Natural Resources, Ha Tay Community College, Thuy Xuan Tien, Chuong My, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Minh N Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Toshiki Tsubota
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensuicho, Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 804-8550, Japan
| | - Phuong L T Nguyen
- Department of Mechanial Engineering, Can Tho University, 3/2 street, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Nam H Nguyen
- Energy Department, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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25
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Modesto HR, Lemos SG, Dos Santos MS, Komatsu JS, Gonçalves M, Carvalho WA, Carrilho ENVM, Labuto G. Activated carbon production from industrial yeast residue to boost up circular bioeconomy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:24694-24705. [PMID: 32803592 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to obtain activated carbon (AC) from yeast residue to boost up bioeconomy. In this way, carbon was prepared from yeast biomass produced by the ethanol industry and after beta-glucan extraction. Carbon was activated with CO2, water vapor, and a combination of both using an experimental design. The best conditions to produce AC were activation with CO2 for 30 min at 850 °C and CO2 flow of 0.09 L/min, set by experimental design and desirability function to optimize the yield, surface area, and microporosity. Thus, for physical activation with water vapor employing the optimized conditions, it was possible to achieve a yield of 56.6% (m/m) for AC with 1144 m2/g of surface area and mean micropore volume of 0.53 cm3/g. The maximum AC surface area reached 1616 ± 567 m2/g with a yield of 21 ± 1%. The prepared ACs were characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry analysis, pHPZC, and potentiometric titration to determine the main functional groups of sorption sites. The carbon obtained from the desirability condition was used to remove dipyrone from synthetic aqueous effluent with an experimental sorption capacity of 88 ± 4 mg/g, being the phenomenon described by the Freundlich isotherm model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen R Modesto
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Sherlan G Lemos
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Joao Pessoa, PB, 58051-970, Brazil
| | - Mikaela S Dos Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Jenny S Komatsu
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, SP, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Maraísa Gonçalves
- Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, 12231-280, Brazil
| | - Wagner A Carvalho
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, SP, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Elma N V M Carrilho
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Education, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, SP, 13604-900, Brazil
| | - Geórgia Labuto
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, 09913-030, Brazil.
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26
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Elgazzar AH, Ali MMS, El-Sayed AA, Saad EA. Preparation of various sorbents from agro waste to remove some radionuclides and organic species from aqueous solutions. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07476-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Emara MM, Farag RS, Mubarak MF, Ali SK. Synthesis of core–shell activated carbon/CaO composite from Ficus Nitida leaves, as an efficient adsorbent for removal of methylene blue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41204-020-00088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Jun KC, Abdul Raman AA, Buthiyappan A. Treatment of oil refinery effluent using bio-adsorbent developed from activated palm kernel shell and zeolite. RSC Adv 2020; 10:24079-24094. [PMID: 35517322 PMCID: PMC9055107 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03307c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the potential of palm kernel shell (PKS) as a biomass feed for adsorbent production. This work aims at synthesizing green adsorbent from activated PKS by integrating iron oxide and zeolite. The newly developed adsorbents, zeolite-Fe/AC and Fe/AC, were analyzed for surface area, chemical composition, magnetic properties, crystallinity, and stability. The adsorbent efficiency in removing effluent from the palm oil mill was evaluated. The influence of operating parameters, including adsorbent dosage, H2O2, reaction time, and initial solution pH for adsorption performance was studied. The Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed that the adsorbents contain functional groups including OH, N-H, C[double bond, length as m-dash]O and C[double bond, length as m-dash]C, which are essential for removing pollutants. The SEM-EDX analysis shows holes in the adsorbent surface and that it is smooth. The adsorption study revealed that under optimized conditions, by using 4 g L-1 of adsorbent and 67.7 mM H2O2, zeolite-Fe/AC was able to remove 83.1% colour and 67.2% COD within 30 min. However, Fe/AC requires 5 g L-1 of adsorbent and 87.7 mM to remove 86.8 percent and 65.6 percent, respectively. This study also showed that zeolite-Fe/AC has higher reusability compared to Fe/AC. Among Freundlich and Temkin models, the experimental data were found to be best fitted with the Langmuir isotherm model. The kinetic analysis revealed that for both adsorbents, the adsorption process fitted the pseudo-second-order model (R 2 = 0.9724). The finding reflects monolayer adsorption of zeolite-Fe/AC and Fe/AC. This study thus demonstrates the applicability of low-cost green adsorbents produced from PKS to treat oil refinery effluent and other recalcitrant wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwong Chia Jun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia +60 3 7967 5319 +60 3 7967 5300
| | - Abdul Aziz Abdul Raman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia +60 3 7967 5319 +60 3 7967 5300
| | - Archina Buthiyappan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia +60 3 7967 5319 +60 3 7967 5300
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29
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Iwanow M, Gärtner T, Sieber V, König B. Activated carbon as catalyst support: precursors, preparation, modification and characterization. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1188-1202. [PMID: 32550932 PMCID: PMC7277711 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation of activated carbon materials is discussed along selected examples of precursor materials, of available production and modification methods and possible characterization techniques. We evaluate the preparation methods for activated carbon materials with respect to its use as catalyst support and identify important parameters for metal loading. The considered carbon sources include coal, wood, agricultural wastes or biomass as well as ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents or precursor solutions. The preparation of the activated carbon usually involves pre-treatment steps followed by physical or chemical activation and application dependent modification. In addition, highly porous materials can also be produced by salt templating or ultrasonic spray pyrolysis as well as by microwave irradiation. The resulting activated carbon materials are characterized by a variety of techniques such as SEM, FTIR, nitrogen adsorption, Boehm titrations, adsorption of phenol, methylene blue and iodine, TPD, CHNS/O elemental analysis, EDX, XPS, XRD and TGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Iwanow
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Bio-, Electro- and Chemocatalysis BioCat, Straubing Branch, Schulgasse 11a, 94315 Straubing, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Gärtner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Bio-, Electro- and Chemocatalysis BioCat, Straubing Branch, Schulgasse 11a, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Volker Sieber
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Bio-, Electro- and Chemocatalysis BioCat, Straubing Branch, Schulgasse 11a, 94315 Straubing, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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30
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Liedel C. Sustainable Battery Materials from Biomass. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:2110-2141. [PMID: 32212246 PMCID: PMC7318311 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201903577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable sources of energy have been identified as a possible way out of today's oil dependency and are being rapidly developed. In contrast, storage of energy to a large extent still relies on heavy metals in batteries. Especially when built from biomass-derived organics, organic batteries are promising alternatives and pave the way towards truly sustainable energy storage. First described in 2008, research on biomass-derived electrodes has been taken up by a multitude of researchers worldwide. Nowadays, in principle, electrodes in batteries could be composed of all kinds of carbonized and noncarbonized biomass: On one hand, all kinds of (waste) biomass may be carbonized and used in anodes of lithium- or sodium-ion batteries, cathodes in metal-sulfur or metal-oxygen batteries, or as conductive additives. On the other hand, a plethora of biomolecules, such as quinones, flavins, or carboxylates, contain redox-active groups that can be used as redox-active components in electrodes with very little chemical modification. Biomass-based binders can replace toxic halogenated commercial binders to enable a truly sustainable future of energy storage devices. Besides the electrodes, electrolytes and separators may also be synthesized from biomass. In this Review, recent research progress in this rapidly emerging field is summarized with a focus on potentially fully biowaste-derived batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Liedel
- Department Colloid ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
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31
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Sam DK, Sam EK, Durairaj A, Lv X, Zhou Z, Liu J. Synthesis of biomass-based carbon aerogels in energy and sustainability. Carbohydr Res 2020; 491:107986. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.107986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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32
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Guo J, Li Y, Wang B, Zhu T. Carbon consumption mechanism of activated coke in the presence of water vapor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:1558-1568. [PMID: 31749012 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To reduce chemical carbon consumption in activated coke technology used for flue gas purification, the carbon consumption mechanism of commercial activated coke in the presence of water vapor was studied. A fixed-bed reactor and a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer were combined to study the amount of carbon consumption. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) coupled with in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (in situ DRIFT) spectra were used to investigate functional group changes of activated coke. The sources and factors influencing carbon consumption in various adsorption atmospheres and in the N2 regeneration atmosphere were compared. Carbon consumption during the adsorption and regeneration process was mainly due to the release of C-O and C=C groups. The addition of H2O increased the formation of carbonates and carboxylic acids during the adsorption process, which decomposed during the regeneration process, thereby increasing carbon consumption. Carbon consumption was reduced during regeneration in an H2O-SO2 adsorption atmosphere, mainly because of the formation of C-S bonds, which reduced the formation of CO2. The C-N bonds generated in an H2O-NO adsorption atmosphere were decomposed during the regeneration process, thereby increasing carbon consumption. In a complex atmosphere of SO2, NO, NH3, and H2O, SO2 was absorbed by NH3, and the amount of carbon consumption was consistent with that in the NO atmosphere during the regeneration process. The total carbon consumption in various adsorption atmospheres ranged from 85.4 to 125.2 μmol/g. Compared with an anhydrous atmosphere, chemical carbon consumption increased by 6.5-14.3% in the presence of H2O. Chemical carbon consumption was reduced by decreasing the H2O concentrations, which provides a reference concept for reducing the operating cost of the activated coke process in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiang Guo
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuran Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tingyu Zhu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Abo El Naga AO, El Saied M, Shaban SA, El Kady FY. Fast removal of diclofenac sodium from aqueous solution using sugar cane bagasse-derived activated carbon. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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34
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Nitrogen-containing activated carbon of improved electrochemical performance derived from cotton stalks using indirect chemical activation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 540:285-294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zhou J, Luo A, Zhao Y. Preparation and characterisation of activated carbon from waste tea by physical activation using steam. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2018; 68:1269-1277. [PMID: 29667515 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2018.1460282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the feasibility of preparing activated carbon from waste tea by physical activation using steam was investigated. The effects of activation temperature on yield and pore properties of the prepared activated carbon were studied. The yield decreased with increased activation temperature owing to the decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose. The specific surface area and pore volume of the activated carbon were estimated using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, Langmuir equation, and t-plot method. The specific surface area and micropore volume increased with increases in activation temperature, as additional volatile materials were released. The specific surface area significantly decreased at first but slightly increased with increasing activation time. The maximum specific surface area reached 995 m2/g at an activation temperature of 800 °C with a water flow rate of 0.075 g/min and a constant hold time of 0.5 hr. According to the nitrogen adsorption isotherms, micropores mainly developed when the activation temperature was below 800 °C, and both micropores and mesopores developed when it was above 800 °C. The results showed that activation temperature significantly affected micropore and mesopore volumes, as well as the specific surface area of the activated carbon. Overall, waste tea was found to be an attractive raw material for producing low-cost activated carbon. Implications: Every year, a large amount of waste tea is generated after extraction. The high carbon content of waste tea showed that it can be used as raw material to produce activated carbon. This study investigated the feasibility of preparing activated carbon from waste tea by physical activation using steam. Temperature and time were found to have clear effects on pore properties. Our proposed method and raw material are more environmentally friendly and involve low cost. Furthermore, this offers a potential solution to the problems of waste tea disposal and low-cost activated carbon production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Zhou
- a The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Anran Luo
- b Shanghai Nanyi Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Youcai Zhao
- a The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
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İzgi MS, Saka C, Baytar O, Saraçoğlu G, Şahin Ö. Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Microwave and Conventional Heated Almond Shells Using Phosphoric Acid Activation. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2018.1495223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Sait İzgi
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Cafer Saka
- School of Health, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Orhan Baytar
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Gamze Saraçoğlu
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Ömer Şahin
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
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38
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Comparison of the Properties of Activated Carbons Produced in One-Stage and Two-Stage Processes. C — JOURNAL OF CARBON RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/c4030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Activated carbons (ACs) can be produced from biomass in a thermal process either in a direct carbonization-activation process or by first carbonizing the biomass and later activating the bio-chars into activated carbons. The properties of the ACs are dependent on the type of process used for production. In this study, the properties of activated carbons produced in one-stage and two-stage processes are considered. Activated carbons were produced by physical activation of two types of starting materials: bio chars produced from spruce and birch chips in a commercial carbonization plant and from the corresponding raw chips. The activated carbons produced were characterized regarding specific surfaces, pore volumes, and pore size distributions. The un-activated bio chars had varying surface areas, 190 and 140 m2 g−1 for birch and spruce, respectively, and pore volumes of 0.092 and 0.067 cm3 g−1, respectively. On the other hand, 530–617 and 647–679 m2 g−1 for activated bio chars from birch and spruce, respectively, and pore volumes 0.366–0.509 and 0.545–0.555 cm3 g−1, respectively, were obtained. According to the results obtained, two slightly different types of activated carbons are produced depending on whether a one-stage or a two-stage carbonization and activation process is used. The ACs produced in the one-stage process had higher specific surface areas (SSA), according to the BET-model (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller), compared to the ones produced in a two-stage process (761–940 m2 g−1 vs. 540–650 m2 g−1, respectively). In addition, total pore volumes were higher in ACs from the one-stage process, but development of micro-pores was greater compared to those of the two-stage process. This indicates that the process can have an influence on the ACs’ porosity. There was no significant difference in total carbon content in general between the one-stage and two-stage processes for spruce and birch samples, but some differences were seen between the starting materials. Especially in the one-stage procedure with 2 and 4 h steam activation, there was nearly a 10% difference in carbon content between the spruce and birch samples.
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Sharif YM, Saka C, Baytar O, Şahin Ö. Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Sesame Seed Shells by Microwave and Conventional Heating with Zinc Chloride Activation. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2018.1450415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cafer Saka
- School of Health, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Orhan Baytar
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Ömer Şahin
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
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40
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Baytar O, Şahin Ö, Saka C, Ağrak S. Characterization of Microwave and Conventional Heating on the Pyrolysis of Pistachio Shells for the Adsorption of Methylene Blue and Iodine. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1415920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Baytar
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Ömer Şahin
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Cafer Saka
- School of Health, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Selman Ağrak
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
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41
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Ince M, Kaplan İnce O. An Overview of Adsorption Technique for Heavy Metal Removal from Water/Wastewater: A Critical Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.29132/ijpas.358199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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42
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Hu L, Peng Y, Wu F, Peng S, Li J, Liu Z. Tubular activated carbons made from cotton stalk for dynamic adsorption of airborne toluene. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Jawad AH, Sabar S, Ishak MAM, Wilson LD, Ahmad Norrahma SS, Talari MK, Farhan AM. Microwave-assisted preparation of mesoporous-activated carbon from coconut (Cocos nucifera) leaf by H3PO4activation for methylene blue adsorption. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2017.1347565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali H. Jawad
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S. Sabar
- Chemistry Section, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Lee D. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - M. K. Talari
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahlam M. Farhan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences for Women, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq
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44
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Banivaheb S, Hashemipour H. Investigation on effects of operating conditions in combined activation of char to develop the pore structure. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2712-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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45
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Sivachidambaram M, Vijaya JJ, Kennedy LJ, Jothiramalingam R, Al-Lohedan HA, Munusamy MA, Elanthamilan E, Merlin JP. Preparation and characterization of activated carbon derived from the Borassus flabellifer flower as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03867k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Activated carbon is prepared by a two stage process with H3PO4 activating agent using the precursor material Borassus flabellifer flower as an electrode material for supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Sivachidambaram
- Catalysis and Nanomaterials Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Loyola College (Autonomous)
- Chennai 600 034
- India
| | - J. Judith Vijaya
- Catalysis and Nanomaterials Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Loyola College (Autonomous)
- Chennai 600 034
- India
| | - L. John Kennedy
- Materials Division
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) University
- Chennai 600 127
- India
| | - R. Jothiramalingam
- Surfactant Research Chair
- Chemistry Department
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
| | - Hamad A. Al-Lohedan
- Surfactant Research Chair
- Chemistry Department
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
| | - Murugan A. Munusamy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Saudi Arabia
| | - E. Elanthamilan
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry
- Bishop Heber College (Autonomous)
- Tiruchirappalli 620 017
- India
| | - J. Princy Merlin
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry
- Bishop Heber College (Autonomous)
- Tiruchirappalli 620 017
- India
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46
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Yang L, Huang T, Jiang X, Jiang W. Effect of steam and CO2 activation on characteristics and desulfurization performance of pyrolusite modified activated carbon. ADSORPTION 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-016-9832-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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47
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Deng ZL, Liang MN, Li HH, Zhu ZJ. Advances in preparation of modified activated carbon and its applications in the removal of chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/39/1/012065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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48
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Preparation of activated carbon aerogel and its application to electrode material for electric double layer capacitor in organic electrolyte: Effect of activation temperature. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-014-0215-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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49
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Şahin Ö, Saka C, Ceyhan AA, Baytar O. Preparation of High Surface Area Activated Carbon fromElaeagnus angustifoliaSeeds by Chemical Activation with ZnCl2in One-Step Treatment and its Iodine Adsorption. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2014.966204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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50
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Pezoti O, Cazetta AL, Souza IP, Bedin KC, Martins AC, Silva TL, Almeida VC. Adsorption studies of methylene blue onto ZnCl2-activated carbon produced from buriti shells (Mauritia flexuosa L.). J IND ENG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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