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Nobili S, Masin CE, Zalazar CS, Lescano MR. Vermistabilization of excess sludge employing Eisenia fetida: Earthworm histopathological alterations and phytotoxicity evaluation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 368:122174. [PMID: 39151339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to stabilize excess sludge (ES) coming from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) by vermistabilization and to evaluate ecotoxicological effects over the earthworm species Eisenia fetida. Three mixtures were made up in triplicate using different volume ratios of ES and soil (S) (100% ES, 70:30% ES:S and 30:70% ES:S in wet weight basis). Earthworms were added in order to compare vermicomposting vs. natural stabilization. The mixtures were monitored over 130 days through physical, chemical, pathological and biological analysis, following quality standards depicted in the US EPA 40 CFR Part 503, local regulations and background studies. Histopathological samples were processed as biomarkers of acute and chronic toxicity on earthworms, and germination assays were performed at the end of the experiment to assess phytotoxicity. In terms of pathogen depletion comparing initial and final values from each treatment, the mixtures with higher ES proportions (70 and 100%) with earthworms were the most efficient ones registering 64.8 and 75.5% of reduction of fecal coliforms (FC) respectively, while the lowest ES proportion with earthworms (30%) showed 54.7%. Final pathogens content in all the treatments with earthworms were significantly lower (ranged from 1360 to 1760 MPN g total solids-1) than the values registered in treatments without earthworms (ranged from 2400 to 4000 MPN g total solids-1) (p < 0.05). However, none of the treatments attained class A categorization (FC ≤ 1000 MPN g total solids-1) in terms of FC. Also, values of mean cocoon production and hatched juveniles along time were significantly higher in the treatments with 100 and 70% ES (p < 0.05), while the higher mean adult biomass was detected in the treatment with 30% ES. Volatile solids decrease ranged between 8.45 and 22.34% in treatments with earthworms and all values of specific oxygen uptake rate were below 1.5 mg O2 h -1 g total solids -1. There were not negative effects over behavior or reproduction of E. fetida adults, nor the presence of external and internal injuries. Final products from mixtures with earthworms presented a humus-like structure, were odorless and reached maturity values -presenting no phytotoxicity-with significant differences between germination index values of treatments with and without earthworms (p < 0.05). Vermistabilization is a successful eco-technology to sanitize excess sludge, acquiring an added-value material and contributing to its revalorization as organic amendments or fertilizers in soils within the circular economy framework and the United Nations' Sustainability Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Nobili
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), Predio CONICET Santa Fe "Dr. Alberto Cassano", Ruta Nacional 168, Km. 0 - Paraje "El Pozo", 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carolina E Masin
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), Predio CONICET Santa Fe "Dr. Alberto Cassano", Ruta Nacional 168, Km. 0 - Paraje "El Pozo", 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Cristina S Zalazar
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), Predio CONICET Santa Fe "Dr. Alberto Cassano", Ruta Nacional 168, Km. 0 - Paraje "El Pozo", 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Maia R Lescano
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), Predio CONICET Santa Fe "Dr. Alberto Cassano", Ruta Nacional 168, Km. 0 - Paraje "El Pozo", 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Das D, Tangjang S. Bio-stabilization of toxic weeds (Xanthium strumarium and Lantana camara) implementing mono- and polyculture of Eisenia fetida and Eudrilus eugeniae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:49891-49904. [PMID: 39085693 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34487-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The present study investigates the synergistic impact of earthworms (Eisenia fetida and Eudrilus eugeniae) and microbes during vermicomposting of invasive weed phytomass (Xanthium strumarium and Lantana camara). This study aims introducing an onsite solution for weed control while producing valuable organic manure. Vermitransformation and detailed characterization of mono- (VC1, VC2, VC4, VC5) and polyculture (VC3, VC6) of X. strumarium and L. camara has been reported for the first time employing E. fetida and E. eugeniae. The study achieved 45.16 ± 2.48-76.73 ± 1.37% vermiconvertion rate. The pH, conductivity, and concentration of heavy metals are effectively stabilized. Furthermore, it observed a significant reduction in total organic carbon (TOC) alongside the augmentation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and other trace elements (Zn, Ni, Fe). The ash content, humification index, and C/N ratio analysis established the maturity of the vermicompost. The macronutrient enhancement in the vermicompost samples was recorded 1.5- to 2.47-fold for total N, 1.19- to 1.48-fold in available P, 1.1- to 1.2-fold in total K, and 1.1- to 1.18-fold in total Ca. The germination index reveals a significant reduction in phytotoxicity, suggesting the production of mature and suitable vermicompost for agricultural use. Evaluating mono- and polyculture techniques, the research highlights the superiority of E. fetida over E. eugeniae. Further, the earthworm population and biomass have significantly increased by the end of 60-day experimental trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimbeswar Das
- Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills-79112, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh, India
- Department of Botany, Eastern Karbi Anglong College, Sarihajan-782480, Karbi Anglong, Assam, India
| | - Sumpam Tangjang
- Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills-79112, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh, India.
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Cheng Q, Liu Z, Sun J, Li S, Zhao C, Su J, Liu Q, Xin M, Liu D. Understanding the drying mechanism of straw substrate culture block: Physicochemical properties, pore structure, and drying optimization. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30399. [PMID: 38726206 PMCID: PMC11079107 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
As a new type of agricultural waste block substrate utilization, the initial wet base state of the substrate culture block needs to be dried. Therefore, studying the drying mechanism of substrate culture block is critical. In this study, the substrate culture block in a dry state was taken as the research object. Based on physical and chemical properties, the internal section of the substrate culture block was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and the pore condition of the particles was quantified. The results showed that the internal pore structure was uniform and favorable for plant root growth. Based on the pore structure, pore channel modeling was constructed to investigate the distribution of the internal multiphase medium and to distinguish between channels and pore-blind channels. The applicability of the modeling was verified and discussed. By measuring the drying rate of the substrate culture block and classifying its drying stages as fast speed, constant speed, and slow speed, it is clarified that the forms of moisture existence are bound-state water and free-state water, and the moisture migration is prioritized as surface adsorption water, interparticle water, particle attached water, and capillary water. Innovate a method to quantify the change of pore space in the drying process by pore coefficient ratio to evaluate the drying quality. The results show that when the pore coefficient ratio is about 40 %, its moisture content is 20 %∼30 %, and the drying effect is best at this time. The physical drying test further confirmed the correctness of the conclusion of the drying stage division and water loss law. This study can provide a theoretical reference for the modeling study of the pore structure of the block matrix and the exploration of its drying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cheng
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Zihui Liu
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jiayi Sun
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Shuo Li
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Chongxuan Zhao
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Junfeng Su
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Qingyu Liu
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Mingjin Xin
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Dejun Liu
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
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Quan J, Wang Y, Cheng X, Li C, Yuan Z. Revealing the effects of fermented food waste on the growth and intestinal microorganisms of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 171:580-589. [PMID: 37820415 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The escalating global food waste (FW) issues necessitate sustainable management strategies. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) offer a promising solution for FW management by converting organic matter into insect protein. However, the fermentation of FW during production, collection, and transportation induces changes in FW's physicochemical properties and bacterial communities, requiring further exploration of its impact on BSFL growth and gut microbiota. The results showed that feeding FW fermented for different durations (0-10 d) slightly affected the BSFL yield. Feeding FW fermented for 8 d, characterized by a lower pH and higher biodiversity, resulted in a slight increase in larval biomass (222 mg/larvae). Nearly all groups harvested the peak larval biomass after 10 day's bioconversion. The fermentation significantly altered the microbial community of FW, with an increase in the abundance of unclassified_f_Clostridiaceae and a decrease in Lactobacillus abundance. As bioconversion progressed, intricate and mutualistic microbial interactions likely occurred between the BSFL gut and FW substrate, restructuring each other's microbial community. Specifically, the abundance of unclassified_f_Clostridiaceae increased in the BSFL gut, while its abundance in the initial larval gut was extremely low (<1 %). Despite the substrate microbial changes and interactions, a stable core gut microbiota was identified across all BSFL samples, primarily composed of nine genera dominated by Enterococcus and Klebsiella. This core gut microbiome may play a crucial role in facilitating the adaptation of BSFL to various environmental conditions and maintaining efficient FW bioconversion. These findings enhance our understanding of the role of BSFL gut microbiota in FW bioconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chunxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Lishui Institute of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 212200, China
| | - Zengwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Lishui Institute of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 212200, China; Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Dume B, Hanc A, Svehla P, Michal P, Chane AD, Nigussie A. Composting and vermicomposting of sewage sludge at various C/N ratios: Technological feasibility and end-product quality. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115255. [PMID: 37478570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Even though sewage sludge (SS) contains a high level of pollutants, it is rich in essential plant nutrients and has the potential to enhance soil fertility. However, the SS must be further treated through pre-composting plus vermicomposting to make it safe for use on food crops. More research and data are needed to determine how different carbon-to-nitrogen ratios (C/N) affect the feasibility and quality of composting vs vermicomposting of SS. Therefore, in this study we comprehensively evaluated the feasibility and end-product quality of compost and vermicompost produced from SS under different C/N ratios. SS was mixed with pelletized wheat straw (PWS) at various proportions to produce C/N ratios of 6:1, 18:1, 28:1, and 38:1, then pre-composted for 14 days followed by vermicomposting using the earthworm Eisenia andrei for 120 days. Agrochemical properties were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days. Results revealed significantly higher levels of agrochemicals in vermicompost compared to compost, including total potassium (37-88%) and magnesium (4.3-12%), nitrate nitrogen (71-98%), available potassium (53-88%), available phosphorus (79%), available magnesium (54-453%), available boron (48-303%), and available copper (2.5-82%). However, lower levels of ammonium nitrogen by (59-85%), available iron (2.3-51.3%), available manganese (29.7-52.2%), available zinc (10.5-29.8%), total carbon (0.75-4.5%), and total nitrogen (1.6-22.2%) were measured. Comparison of the various C/N ratios, showed that vermicompost with an 18:1 C/N ratio outperformed compost and demonstrated the highest earthworm population (165 pieces/kg). Thus, vermicomposting SS at an 18:1 C/N ratio is strongly recommended as a sustainable technology for producing high-quality vermicompost from SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayu Dume
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Kamycka 129, Prague 16500, Czech Republic.
| | - Ales Hanc
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Kamycka 129, Prague 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Svehla
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Kamycka 129, Prague 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Michal
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Kamycka 129, Prague 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Abraham Demelash Chane
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Kamycka 129, Prague 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Abebe Nigussie
- Jimma University, College of Agriculture, 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Ahamad L, Bhat AH, Kumar H, Rana A, Hasan MN, Ahmed I, Ahmed S, Machado RAR, Ameen F. From soil to plant: strengthening carrot defenses against Meloidogyne incognita with vermicompost and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi biofertilizers. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1206217. [PMID: 37389348 PMCID: PMC10300642 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1206217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sustainable agricultural practices for controlling crop pests are urgently needed to reduce the reliance on chemical pesticides, which have long-term detrimental effects on ecosystems. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and vermicompost (Vc) supplementation, alone and in combination, in mitigating the negative impacts of Meloidogyne incognita infestation on carrot (Daucus carota L.) growth, development, and physiology. Methods We measured different plant growth parameters such as plant height and biomass accumulation, several plant physiological parameters such as the levels of photosynthetic pigments, phenolics, and the activity of defense enzymes such as peroxidases and polyphenol oxidases, and evaluated the severity of Meloidogyne incognita nematode infestation on plants treated or not treated with vermicompost (Vc) and/or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Results Our findings show that M. incognita significantly affects plant growth, biomass accumulation, and photosynthetic pigment and carotenoid content. The incorporation of Vc and AMF into the soil, either individually or in combination, significantly alleviates the negative effects of nematode infestation on carrot plants. This was accompanied by the induction of phenolic compounds and defense enzymes such as peroxidases (+15.65%) and polyphenol oxidases (29.78%), and by a reduction in the severity of nematode infestation on Vc and AMF-treated plants compared to nematode-infested plants. Principal component analysis (PCA) shows significant correlations between various of the studied parameters. In particular, we observed negative correlations between the application of AMF and Vc alone and in combination and disease severity, and positive correlations between plant growth, photosynthetic pigments phenol content, and activity of defense enzymes. Discussion Our study highlights the relevance of cultural practices and beneficial microorganisms for the sustainable and environmentally friendly management of agricultural pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukman Ahamad
- Section of Plant Pathology and Nematology, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Aashaq Hussain Bhat
- Department of Biosciences, University Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
- Experimental Biology Research Group, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Harendra Kumar
- Department of Zoology, J.S. University, Shikohabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aasha Rana
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Madhav University, Pindwara, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Ishtiaq Ahmed
- Zoological Survey of India, F.P.S. Building, Kolkata, India
| | - Shakoor Ahmed
- Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata, India
| | - Ricardo A. R. Machado
- Experimental Biology Research Group, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Chowdhury SD, Hasim Suhaib K, Bhunia P, Surampalli RY. A Critical Review on the Vermicomposting of Organic Wastes as a Strategy in Circular Bioeconomy: Mechanism, Performance, and Future Perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023:1-38. [PMID: 37192135 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2215458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
AbstractTo meet the current need for sustainable development, vermicomposting (VC), a natural, eco-friendly, and cost-effective technology, can be a wise selection for the bioconversion of organic wastes into value-added by-products. However, no one has tried to establish the VC technology as an economically sustainable technology by exploring its linkage to circular bioeconomy. Even, no researcher has made any effort to explore the usability of the earthworms (EWs) as a protein supplement while assessing the economic perspectives of VC technology. Very few studies are available on the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission potential of VC technology. Still, the contribution of VC technology towards the non-carbon waste management policy is not yet explored. In the current review, a genuine effort has been made to inspect the contribution of VC technology towards the circular bioeconomy, along with evaluating its capability to bioremediate the organic wastes generated from domestic, industrial, and agricultural premises. The potential of the EWs as a protein source has also been explored to strengthen the contribution of VC technology towards the circular bioeconomy. Moreover, the linkage of the VC technology to the non-carbon waste management policy has been comprehensively demonstrated by highlighting its carbon sequestration and GHG emission potentials during the treatment of organic wastes. It has been observed that the cost of food production was reduced by 60--70% by replacing chemical fertilizers with vermicompost. The implication of the vermicompost significantly lessened the harvesting period of the crops, thereby helping the farmers attain higher profits by cultivating more crops in a single calendar year on the same plot. Furthermore, the vermicompost could hold the soil moisture for a long time, lessening the water demand up to 30-40%, which, in turn, reduced the frequency of irrigation. Also, the replacement of the chemical fertilizers with vermicompost resulted in a 23% increment in the grapes' yield, engendering an extra profit of up to 110000 rupees/ha. In Nepal, vermicompost has been produced at a cost of 15.68 rupees/kg, whereas it has been sold to the local market at a rate of 25 rupees/kg as organic manure, ensuring a net profit of 9.32 rupees/kg of vermicompost. EWs embraced 63% crude protein, 5-21% carbohydrates, 6-11% fat, 1476 kJ/100 g of metabolizable energy, and a wide range of minerals and vitamins. EWs also contained 4.11, 2.04, 4.43, 2.83, 1.47, and 6.26 g/kg (on protein basis) of leucine, isoleucine, tryptophan, arginine, histidine, and phenylalanine, respectively, enhancing the acceptability of the EW meal (EWM) as the protein supplement. The inclusion of 3 and 5% EWM in the diet of broiler pullets resulted in a 12.6 and 22.5% increase in their feed conversion ratio (FCR), respectively after one month. Similarly, when a 100% fish meal was substituted by 50% EWM and 50% fish meal, the FCR and growth rate of Parachanna obscura were increased substantially. The VC of maize crop residues mixed with pig manure, cow dung, and biochar, in the presence of Eisenia fetida EWs, yielded only 0.003-0.081, 0-0.17, and 130.40-189.10 g CO2-eq.kg-1 emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O, respectively. Similarly, the VC of tomato stems and cow dung ensured 2.28 and 5.76 g CO2-eq.kg-1 CO2 emissions of CH4 and N2O, respectively. Additionally, the application of vermicompost at a rate of 5 t/ha improved the soil organic carbon proportion and aggravated carbon sequestration. The land application of vermicompost improved micro-aggregation and cut down the tillage, reducing GHG emissions and triggering carbon sequestration. The significant findings of the current review suggest that VC technology potentially contributes to the concept of circular bioeconomy, substantially negotiates potential GHG emissions, and complies with the non-carbon waste management policy, reinforcing its acceptability as an economically sound and environmentally benevolent organic waste bioremediation alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket Dey Chowdhury
- Research Scholar, Environmental Engineering, School of Infrastructure, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar-752 050, Odisha, India, ,
| | - K Hasim Suhaib
- Research Scholar, Environmental Engineering, School of Infrastructure, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar-752 050, Odisha, India, ,
| | - Puspendu Bhunia
- Research Scholar, Environmental Engineering, School of Infrastructure, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar-752 050, Odisha, India, ,
| | - Rao Y Surampalli
- CEO and President, Global Institute for Energy, Environment, and Sustainability, P.O. Box 14354 Lenexa, Kansas 66285, USA,
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da Silva LF, da Silva EF, Morais FMS, Portela JC, de Oliveira FHT, de Freitas DF, de Almeida Ferreira E, Gurgel MT, Pinheiro AM, Lima RB, Vasconcelos AA, Antunes LFS. Potential of vermicomposting with mixtures of animal manure and vegetable leaves in the development of Eisenia foetida, microbial biomass, and enzymatic activity under semi-arid conditions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 330:117169. [PMID: 36621314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Vermicomposting is the bio-oxidation and stabilization of organic matter involving relationships between the action of earthworms and microorganisms and the activation and dynamics of several enzyme activities. Semi-arid farmers to make (extra) money and organic production, produce their vermicompost using plant residues and animal manure, but there is no information about the final product generated. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the potential of vermicomposting with mixtures of animal manure and vegetable leaves in the development of Eisenia foetida, microbial biomass, and enzymatic activity in the semi-arid region, Brazil. The experimental design applied was randomized block in a 6 × 4 factorial scheme with four replicates, with six treatments (mixtures of cattle manure, goat manure, cashew leaves, and catanduva leaves) and evaluated at four-time intervals (30, 60, 90, and 120 days of vermicomposting). The treatments were placed in polyethylene pots in the same site, environmental conditions, and residues proportions as used by farmers. The characteristics analyzed were the number of earthworms (NE), total earthworm biomass (TEB) and earthworm multiplication index (MI), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and activities of enzymes β-glucosidase, dehydrogenase, alkaline and acid phosphatases. The cattle manure vermicomposted shows the highest average values observed for NE, MI, TEB, MBC, and enzymatic activity, regardless of the plant leaves mix. In general, the enzymes activities were found in the descending order of β-glucosidase > alkaline phosphatase > dehydrogenase > acid phosphatase. The maturation dynamics of vermicompost were characterized by a decline in the microbial population and number and biomass of earthworms in the substrate and consequently a decrease in new enzyme synthesis and degradation of the remaining enzyme pool. Microbial biomass and enzymatic activity were indicators for changes in the quality of vermicompost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa F da Silva
- Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Center of Agrarian Sciences, 59625900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Eulene F da Silva
- Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Center of Agrarian Sciences, 59625900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Francimar Maik S Morais
- Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Center of Agrarian Sciences, 59625900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Jeane C Portela
- Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Center of Agrarian Sciences, 59625900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Diana F de Freitas
- Federal University of Ceará, Center of Agrarian Sciences, 60020181, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - E de Almeida Ferreira
- Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Center of Bioscience, 59625900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Marcelo T Gurgel
- Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Center of Agrarian Sciences, 59625900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Antônio M Pinheiro
- Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Center of Agrarian Sciences, 59625900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Renner B Lima
- Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Center of Agrarian Sciences, 59625900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Aline A Vasconcelos
- Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Departament of Agrarian Sciences, 35702031, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil
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Sofo A, Khanghahi MY, Curci M, Reyes F, Briones MJI, Sarneel JM, Cardinale D, Crecchio C. Earthworm-Driven Changes in Soil Chemico-Physical Properties, Soil Bacterial Microbiota, Tree/Tea Litter Decomposition, and Plant Growth in a Mesocosm Experiment with Two Plant Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1216. [PMID: 36986903 PMCID: PMC10054492 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms and soil microorganisms contribute to soil health, quality, and fertility, but their importance in agricultural soils is often underestimated. This study aims at examining whether and to what extent the presence of earthworms (Eisenia sp.) affected the (a) soil bacterial community composition, (b) litter decomposition, and (c) plant growth (Brassica oleracea L., broccoli; Vicia faba L., faba bean). We performed a mesocosm experiment in which plants were grown outdoors for four months with or without earthworms. Soil bacterial community structure was evaluated by a 16S rRNA-based metabarcoding approach. Litter decomposition rates were determined by using the tea bag index (TBI) and litter bags (olive residues). Earthworm numbers almost doubled throughout the experimental period. Independently of the plant species, earthworm presence had a significant impact on the structure of soil bacterial community, in terms of enhanced α- and β-diversity (especially that of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Myxococcota, and Verrucomicrobia) and increased 16S rRNA gene abundance (+89% in broccoli and +223% in faba bean). Microbial decomposition (TBI) was enhanced in the treatments with earthworms, and showed a significantly higher decomposition rate constant (kTBI) and a lower stabilization factor (STBI), whereas decomposition in the litter bags (dlitter) increased by about 6% in broccoli and 5% in faba bean. Earthworms significantly enhanced root growth (in terms of total length and fresh weight) of both plant species. Our results show the strong influence of earthworms and crop identity in shaping soil chemico-physical properties, soil bacterial community, litter decomposition and plant growth. These findings could be used for developing nature-based solutions that ensure the long-term biological sustainability of soil agro- and natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Sofo
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures: Architecture, Environment and Cultural Heritage (DiCEM), Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Via Lanera 20, 75100 Matera, Italy
| | - Mohammad Yaghoubi Khanghahi
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Maddalena Curci
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Reyes
- Department of Life Sciences, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Giovanni Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Maria J. I. Briones
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Judith M. Sarneel
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Linnaeus väg 6, Umeå Universitet, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Carmine Crecchio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy
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10
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Miao L, Wang Y, Zhang M, Feng Y, Wang L, Zhang H, Zhu W. Effects of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride addition combined with vermicomposting on maturity and bacterial diversity in the final vermicompost from the biochemical residue of kitchen waste. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:8998-9010. [PMID: 35648348 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20795-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A large amount of kitchen waste is produced all over the world. Biochemical disposal is an effective method for the reduction and safe utilization of kitchen waste. However, high salinity, low maturity and poor biocompatibility were encountered when utilizing the biochemical residue of kitchen waste (BRKW) as a kind of soil amendment. To reduce the high salinity, accelerate the maturity and improve the biocompatibility in the BRKW, this study used the BRKW as the main feedstock for earthworms after hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride (HPMA) was added and focused on revealing the effect of HPMA addition combined with the vermicomposting process on the growth of earthworms and on the basic physicochemical properties and the microbial diversity of the derived vermicompost. The results showed that HPMA addition can promote earthworm growth and reproduction. The pH, electric conductivity, organic matter content, C/N and NH4+-N/NO3--N were decreased in the final vermicompost, while total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium contents, and the seed germination index were increased. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that there was more disintegration in the final vermicompost. Meanwhile, adding the HPMA also helped to decrease the total number of fungi while increasing the populations of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria as well as amount of total bacteria and actinomycetes. The vermicomposting process increased the bacterial phyla that promote the degradation of OM, such as Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Acidobacteria, decreased the pathogenic Enterobacter and increased the bacterial genera that promote the maturity and quality, such as Cellvibrio and Pseudomonas. Thus, HPMA addition combined with vermicomposting can promote the growth of beneficial bacteria that promote the degradation of lignocelluloses and accelerate maturity while inhibiting some potential bacterial pathogens, which helps guarantee the safety of vermicomposting products from BRKW. Hence, employing HPMA to promote BRKW vermicomposting can possibly reduce salt content and improve the maturity and biocompatibility of the final vermicompost. This approach may help realize the safe utilization of BRKW and further promote the biochemical disposal of kitchen waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yuning Feng
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Lang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Hangjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Weiqin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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11
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Shi X, Shi E, Zhao T, Zhang Y, Xu L. The contribution of earthworms to carbon mineralization during vermicomposting of maize stover and cow dung. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 368:128283. [PMID: 36368490 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vermicomposting is an eco-friendly way to manage agricultural wastes. Maize stover and cow dung were used as the substrates. Earthworm ingestion and respiration models were employed to quantify earthworm contributions to carbon mineralization. Decreased substrate C/N and slightly increased earthworm tissue C/N were observed. Earthworm biomass carbon first increased and then decreased. Bacterial biomass carbon decreased, while fungi increased and maintained a steady level until the end of the experiment. Bacteria dominated throughout the process. The earthworm feeding rate showed a decreasing trend. In the early, middle and later stages, earthworms directly led to carbon mineralization rates of 0.030, 0.032 and 0.023 g C m-2 month-1, and indirectly led to 0.197, 0.211 and 0.153 g C m-2 month-1, respectively. It indicated that the driving force exerted by earthworms on microbes was more important. This study provides some new insights into the quantification of earthworm contributions to carbon mineralization during vermicomposting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Chen
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Costal Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, MS 39567, United States
| | - Xiong Shi
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Enhui Shi
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Lixin Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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12
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Devi J, Pegu R, Mondal H, Roy R, Sundar Bhattacharya S. Earthworm stocking density regulates microbial community structure and fatty acid profiles during vermicomposting of lignocellulosic waste: Unraveling the microbe-metal and mineralization-humification interactions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 367:128305. [PMID: 36370943 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Earthworm-induced microbial enrichment is the key to success in vermitechnology, yet the influence of initial earthworm stocking density on microbial community profiles in vermibeds is unknown. Therefore, vermicomposting of lignocellulosic feedstock was performed with different stocking densities of two earthworms (Eisenia fetida and Eudrilus eugeniae) compared with composting. Eventually, earthworm growth, microbial (activity and community profiles), and physicochemical dynamics were assessed. The earthworm population significantly increased under low stocking, while denser stocking (15/kg) was stressful. The XRD-based crystallinity assessment revealed that comminuting efficiency of Eisenia and Eudrilus was prudent at 7 and 10 worm/kg stockings, respectively. Moreover, the 5 and 7 worm/kg stockings effectively mobilized microbial activity, promoting NPK-mineralization and C-humification balance. Correlation statistics indicated that earthworm stocking density-driven microbial community shift and fatty acid profiles strongly influenced metal removal in vermibeds. Hence, the findings implied that 5-7 worm/kg stockings of earthworms produced high-quality sanitized vermicompost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinnashri Devi
- Soil and Agro Bio-engineering Lab, Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784 028, India
| | - Ratul Pegu
- Soil and Agro Bio-engineering Lab, Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784 028, India
| | - Himadri Mondal
- Soil and Agro Bio-engineering Lab, Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784 028, India
| | - Rashmi Roy
- Soil and Agro Bio-engineering Lab, Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784 028, India
| | - Satya Sundar Bhattacharya
- Soil and Agro Bio-engineering Lab, Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784 028, India.
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13
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Nobili S, Masin CE, Zalazar CS, Lescano MR. Bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soil using local organic materials and earthworms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120169. [PMID: 36115489 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioremediation technologies have demonstrated significant success on biological quality recovery of hydrocarbon contaminated soils, employing techniques among which composting and vermiremediation stand out. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of these processes to remediate diesel-contaminated soil, employing local organic materials and earthworms. During the initial composting stage (75 days), the substrate was made up using contaminated soil, lombricompost, rice hulls and wheat stubbles (60:20:15:5% w/w). Diesel concentration in the contaminated substrate was about 5 g kg-1, equivalent to a Total Petroleum Hidrocarbons (TPH) experimental concentration of 3425 ± 50 mg kg-1. During the later vermiremediation stage (60 days), the earthworm species Eisenia fetida and Amynthas morrisi were evaluated for their hydrocarbon degradation capacity. Physicochemical and biological assays were measured at different times of each stage and ecotoxicity assays were performed at the end of the experiments. TPH concentration reduced 10.91% after composting and from 45.2 to 60.81% in the different treatments after vermiremediation. Compared with TPH degradation in the treatment without earthworms (16.05%), results indicate that earthworms, along with indigenous microorganisms, accelerate the remediation process. Vermiremediation treatments did not present phytotoxicity and reflected high substrate maturity values (>80% Germination Index) although toxic effects were observed due to E. fetida and A morrisi exposure to diesel. Vermiremediation was an efficient technology for the recovery of substrate biological quality after diesel contamination in a short period. The addition of organic materials and suitable food sources aided earthworm subsistence, promoted the decontamination process and improved the substrate quality for future productive applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Nobili
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC, UNL - CONICET), Argentina
| | - Carolina Elisabet Masin
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC, UNL - CONICET), Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Santa Fe (UCSF), Argentina
| | - Cristina Susana Zalazar
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC, UNL - CONICET), Argentina
| | - Maia Raquel Lescano
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC, UNL - CONICET), Argentina.
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14
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Patra RK, Behera D, Mohapatra KK, Sethi D, Mandal M, Patra AK, Ravindran B. Juxtaposing the quality of compost and vermicompost produced from organic wastes amended with cow dung. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114119. [PMID: 36007568 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Composting is a propitious technology to change bio-degradable solid waste into organic fertilizers. Considering this, five types of organic waste viz., leaf litter (Tectona grandis), water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), cauliflower waste (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), coir pith, and mushroom spent waste were composted with and without the use of earthworm (Eisenia fetida). The reaction (pH) and electrical conductivity of compost and vermicompost ranged from 6.98 to 7.45 and 6.97 to 7.36, 0.11 to 0.21 dSm-1, and 0.11 to 0.25 dSm-1, respectively. The chemical oxygen demand both the compost and vermicompost ranged from 687 to 1170 mg l-1 and 633-980 mg l-1 respectively. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) ranged from, 75 to 121 (c mol (p+) kg-1, and 80 to 127 (c mol (p+) kg-1, respectively. The C:N of compost and vermicompost varied from 16:1 to 33:1 and 12:1 to 19:1, respectively. The organic carbon content was decreased (18.3-38.7%), while secondary and micronutrient contents increased over the initial concentration. The NH4+ and NO3- content of compost and vermicompost ranged from 270 to 510 mg kg-1 and 230-430 mg kg-1, 560 to 105 mg kg-1, and 690-1100 mg kg-1, respectively. The nitrification index (NH4+/NO3-) ranged from 0.3 to 0.9 in composts and 0.3 to 0.6 in vermicomposts. The dehydrogenase and urease activity varied from 685 to 1696 μg g-1 hr-1 and 938-2549 μg TPF g-1 day-1 respectively. The bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes population were 2-3, 0.3-0.7 and 3-8 times more in vermicompost over the corresponding compost. This study confirmed that compared to compost, vermicompost showed better nutrients and microbial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Kumar Patra
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Denish Behera
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Mohapatra
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Debadatta Sethi
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India.
| | - Mitali Mandal
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Alok Kumar Patra
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16227, South Korea; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India.
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15
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Reaction Kinetics in the Vermicomposting Process of Peach Waste. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091290. [PMID: 36143327 PMCID: PMC9505704 DOI: 10.3390/life12091290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peach is a fruit cultivated in temperate regions and its use generates waste composed of seeds and skin. Inadequate disposal of this waste generates an environmental impact; therefore, an alternative is to apply a vermicomposting degradation process. In this research, these four laboratory-scale reactors were used: RC (no earthworms), R1, R2, and R3 (50 earthworms each) to get mixtures in the following proportions of peach waste and load material (vegetable waste and eggshell): RC (50%-50%), R1 (50%-50%), R2 (60%-40%), and R3 (40%-60%). In addition, during this process, physicochemical parameters were analyzed (temperature, pH, humidity, total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N)). For each mixture, the reaction order and rate constants were determined using mathematical models. After analysis of the reaction kinetics, the results showed that zero- and first-order reactions were best suited for the degradation of this waste in the vermicomposting process. The highest rates of degradation in the mixtures were for RC and R1, which means faster completion of the process, and consequently, smaller dimensions of the facilities necessary for vermicomposting. Thus, this research provides important information for the design of reactors that use similar substrates.
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16
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Deciphering waste bound nitrogen by employing psychrophillic Aporrectodea caliginosa and priming of coprolites by associated heterotrophic nitrifiers under high altitude Himalayas. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9556. [PMID: 35688921 PMCID: PMC9187671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12972-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Himalayan ecosystem is characterized by its fragile climate with rich repositories of biodiversity. Waste collection and disposal are becoming increasingly difficult due to topographical variations. Aporrectodea caligenosa, a versatile psychrophillic soil dweller, is a useful biocatalyst with potent bio-augmented capability for waste treatment at low temperatures. Microcosm experiments were conducted to elucidate the comprehensive nature of biogenic nitrogen transformation to NH4+ and NO3− produced by coupling of earthworm-microbes. Higher biogenic recovery of NH4+-N from coprolites of garden soil (47.73 ± 1.16%) and Himalayan goat manure (86.32 ± 0.92%) with an increment of 14.12 and 47.21% respectively over their respective control (without earthworms) with a linear decline beyond 4th week of incubation was reported. NO3–-N recovery progressively sustained in garden soil and goat manure coprolites during entire incubation with highest 81.81 ± 0.45 and 87.20 ± 1.08 µg-N g−1dry weight recorded in 6th and 5th week of incubation respectively and peak increments as 38.58 and 53.71% relative to respective control (without earthworms). Declined NH4+–N in coprolites at low temperature (15.0 ± 2.0 °C) evidenced increased nitrification rates by taking over the process by abundant nitrifying microbes. Steady de-nitrification with progressive incubation on an average was 16.95 ± 0.46 ng-N g−1 per week and 21.08 ± 0.87 ng-N g−1 per week compared to 14.03 ± 0.58 ng-N g−1 per week and 4.50 ± 0.31 ng-N g−1 per week in respective control treatments. Simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification (SHNAD) was found to be a prominent bioprocess at low temperature that resulted in high and stable total nitrogen and nitrate accumulation from garden soil and goat manure with relative recovery efficiency of 11.12%, 14.97% and 14.20%; 19.34%. A. caligenosa shows promising prospects for mass applicability in biogenic N removal from manure of Himalayan goat.
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17
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Mago M, Gupta R, Yadav A, Kumar Garg V. Sustainable treatment and nutrient recovery from leafy waste through vermicomposting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126390. [PMID: 34822988 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the vermicomposting potential of two cruciferous vegetables' residual biomasses under laboratory conditions. Cabbage and cauliflower residual biomasses were spiked with 60% cow dung and vermicomposted for 90 days. The results showed a decrease in pH (5.3-9.8%), Total Organic Carbon (36.7-42.8%); increase in Electrical Conductivity (33-99.4%) and ash content (144.7-187.8%) after vermicomposting. Significant reduction in C:N ratio (49.5-76.4%) and C:P ratio (62.8-66.04%), increase in Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (49.3-85.3%), Total Available Phosphorus (68.2-98.1%), Total Potassium (91.8-120.3%) were observed. FT-IR spectra of the vermicomposts had lesser band heights and peak intensities than raw materials. This evidenced decomposition of organic compounds and vermicompost stability. Germination Index values was calculated to determine the phytotoxicity level. Earthworms' growth and prolificacy was evaluated in terms of biomass gain, cocoons production and worm growth rate. Finally, it was inferred that cruciferous vegetables' biomass can be used for vermicomposting. The cauliflower residual biomass has shown better decomposition efficiency than cabbage residual biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Mago
- J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad 121006, India
| | - Renuka Gupta
- J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad 121006, India
| | - Anoop Yadav
- Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Garg
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
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18
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Badhwar VK, Singh C. Vermicomposting of textile mill sludge employing Eisenia fetida: Role of cow dung and tea waste amendments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:19823-19834. [PMID: 34727306 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17185-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vermicomposting of textile mill sludge (TMS) with cow dung (CD) and tea waste (TW) as amendments was done in seven different combinations using Eisenia fetida for 90 days. Results revealed that pH decreased from 7.68-8.63 to 7.09-7.59. TOC content and C/N ratio reductions were in range of 15.71-20.08% and 39.33-50.05%, respectively (P < 0.05). The macronutrients in the form of TN, TP, and TK increased 0.38-0.64, 1.07-2.27, and 0.56-1.98 times respectively after end of bioconversion process (P < 0.05), among increases in ash content and EC. The biomass and cocoon production of E. fetida increased significantly (P < 0.05), while high mortality rate of earthworms was observed in treatments containing 50% or more TMS content. The bacterial population beneficial for degradation of organic matter increased significantly over initial substrates (0th day) (P < 0.05). Increased humification index in end-product indicated better maturity of vermicompost as observed in treatments containing higher proportions of amendments. The addition of amendments favored earthworm activity which significantly decreased the heavy metal concentration (Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn) in the end-product. The study concluded that sustainable utilization of TMS could be achieved for cleaner and enriched vermicompost production by addition of amendments CD and TW in proportions of 50% and above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar Badhwar
- M.Tech Environmental Science & Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, 141006, India.
| | - Charanjit Singh
- M.Tech Environmental Science & Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, 141006, India
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19
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Das D, Kalita N, Langthasa D, Faihriem V, Borah G, Chakravarty P, Deka H. Eisenia fetida for vermiconversion of waste biomass of medicinal herbs: Status of nutrients and stability parameters. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126391. [PMID: 34838967 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vermiconversion possibility of waste biomass of two medicinal herbs Zingiber officinale and Curcuma longa has been investigated. The Eisenia fetida, an epigeic earthworm was used in the vermicomposting process. The vermicomposting caused shifting in pH towards neutral range, reduction in electrical conductivity, total organic carbon, C/N and C/P ratios whereas1.8-2.73 folds enhancement in macronutrients (TKN, AP, T Ca and T Mg) and ash contents in the substrate mixture. The heavy metals and trace elements content in the vermicompost were found within 3.25-1380 mg/kg and are under the permissible limits of compost applications. Besides, high germination index value in the vermicompost extract indicates loss of phytotoxicity and safe agricultural application potential of the end product. Finally, enhanced growth in Eisenia fetida confirms the application potential of harvested waste biomass as the raw materials for vermiconversion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhritashri Das
- Ecology and Environmental Remediation Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India
| | - Nabajit Kalita
- Ecology and Environmental Remediation Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India
| | - Dericka Langthasa
- Ecology and Environmental Remediation Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India
| | - Vanlalhriet Faihriem
- Ecology and Environmental Remediation Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India
| | - Glory Borah
- Ecology and Environmental Remediation Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India
| | - Paramita Chakravarty
- Ecology and Environmental Remediation Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India
| | - Hemen Deka
- Ecology and Environmental Remediation Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India.
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Pottipati S, Kundu A, Kalamdhad AS. Process optimization by combining in-vessel composting and vermicomposting of vegetable waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126357. [PMID: 34798248 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The process parameters of in-vessel rotary drum composting (RDC) with vermicomposting (VC) were investigated for the conversion of vegetable waste into vermicompost. After 7-day initial thermophilic exposure (maximal 51.5 °C in 24 h), the partially degraded RDC waste was divided into R1 (no vermiculture), R2, R3, and R4 (with Eudrilus eugeniae; Eisenia fetida; and Perionyx excavates monocultures, respectively). R3 derived vermicompost displayed maximum optimal process parameters and desirable compost qualities. Against the constant 2.2% nitrogen content of R1, an increase from 1.4 to 4.15% was seen in R3, with a 52.5% reduction in total organic carbon (TOC). A clear testimony to the enhanced nutritional content and fitness of the novel combination of RDC thermophilic biodegradation and E. fetida based vermicomposting. In an environmentally compatible mode, the faster organic deconstruction in 27 days could substantially alter organic waste treatment in the immediate future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryateja Pottipati
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Ashmita Kundu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ajay S Kalamdhad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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21
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Lirikum, Kakati LN, Thyug L, Mozhui L. Vermicomposting: an eco-friendly approach for waste management and nutrient enhancement. Trop Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42965-021-00212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Ghadimi M, Sirousmehr A, Ansari MH, Ghanbari A. Organic soil amendments using vermicomposts under inoculation of N 2-fixing bacteria for sustainable rice production. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10833. [PMID: 34557340 PMCID: PMC8418801 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic and biological fertilizers are considered as a very important source of plant nutrients. A field experiment was conducted during 2017−2018 in paddy soil to investigate the effect of vermicomposting of cattle manure mixture with Azolla and rice straw on soil microbial activity, nutrient uptake, and grain yield under inoculation of N2-fixing bacteria. Experimental factors consisted of organic amendments at six levels (vermicomposts prepared from manure (VM); manure + rice straw (VRM); manure + Azolla mixture (VAM); manure + rice straw + Azolla mixture (VRAM); raw manure without vermicomposting (M), and a control) and N2-fixing bacteria at three levels (Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum brasilence, and non−inoculation). The results showed that, vermicompost treatments compared to control and raw manure significantly increased the number and biomass−C of soil microorganisms, urease activity, number of tillers hill−1, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) uptake, and grain and protein yield. Inoculation of plants with N2-fixing bacteria, especially Azotobacter increased the efficiency of organic amendments, so that the maximum urease activity, soil microbial activity, P and N uptake, and grain yield (4,667 (2017) and 5,081 (2018) kg/h) were observed in vermicompost treatments containing Azolla (VAM and VRAM) under inoculation with Azotobacter. The results of the study suggested that, using an organic source along with inoculation with appropriate N2-fixing bacteria for vermicompost has a great effect on enzyme activity, soil biology, nutrient uptake and grain yield has a synergistic interaction on agronomic traits under flooded conditions. Therefore, this nutrient method can be used as one of the nutrient management strategies in the sustainable rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ghadimi
- Department of Agronomy, University of Zabol, Zabol, Sistan-o-Baluchestan, Iran
| | - Alireza Sirousmehr
- Department of Agronomy, University of Zabol, Zabol, Sistan-o-Baluchestan, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Ghanbari
- Department of Agronomy, University of Zabol, Zabol, Sistan-o-Baluchestan, Iran
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Mungruaiklang N, Iwai CB. Using vermiwash to enhance performance of small-scale vermifiltration for swine farm wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:3323-3341. [PMID: 33512603 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pollution caused by swine wastewater is a growing concern in many countries. In the developing countries, swine wastewater is not properly collected and treated, the wastewater from swine farm pollutes the ecosystem. Especially for small swine farms, they could not afford to have wastewater treatment system. Therefore, farmers need cheap, sustainable technology for future mixed farming. Vermifiltration by earthworm has been introduced to be an answer for enhancing wastewater treatment. Vermiwash is the liquid gathered from vermicomposting that has high microbial activities and nutrients. This study was carried out on a small pilot scale to investigate swine wastewater treatment efficiency of vermifiltration system with and without vermiwash and compared with the geofiltration system. Vermiwash was incubated in vermifiltration and geofiltration systems for 1 week before the treatment. The result showed improved efficiency of vermifiltration incubated with vermiwash in swine wastewater treatment for biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) removal, which was highest followed by vermifiltration without incubated vermiwash, geofilter incubated with vermiwash and geofilter, respectively. Good performance of vermifiltration incubated with vermiwash compared with the geofilter treatment was demonstrated for removal of BOD (91.29 ± 9.89%, n = 10), COD (91.42 ± 6.34%, n = 10) and TSS (86.02 ± 10.45%, n = 10). Furthermore, the burrowing activity of the test earthworm (Eisenia fetida) promoted the aeration condition in vermifilter which led to more dissolved oxygen (DO) in effluent (61.28 ± 20.05%, n = 10). Moreover, the amount of copper (Cu) in effluent was decreased compared with influent by up to 88% in all treatment. After 10 weeks of the experiment, the vermicompost that was incubated with vermiwash and produced from earthworm on the top layer was analyzed and showed that nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus) and soil organic carbon were increased with vermifilter treatment (47.65, 81.61 and 31.79%, respectively) compared with geofilter treatment. In addition, bioavailability of Cu in soil in form of exchangeable Cu was decreased by increasing the bound to organic matter fraction. Transformation of Cu during vermifiltration happened and alleviated the mobility and availability of Cu. Copper in exchangeable form can change into non-toxic form. Therefore, vermifiltration process incubated with vermiwash could reduce the dispersion of copper in swine waste. In conclusion, vermiwash could enhance performance of vermifiltration for swine farm wastewater treatment. The available fraction of copper in vermicompost produced from vermifiltration decreased. Therefore, the farmer could produce vermicompost as the biofertilizer for agricultural production. Using vermifiltration for wastewater treatment in small swine farm could be the eco-solution for nutrient recovery, water resource recycles and minimize pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthawut Mungruaiklang
- Department of Soil Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16, Mittraphap Road, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai
- Department of Soil Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16, Mittraphap Road, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
- Integrated Land and Water Resource Management Research and Development Center in Northeast Thailand, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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Effects of Amendment with Various Vermicomposts on the Soil Fertility, Growth of Brassica chinensis L., and Resistance of Spodoptera litura Fabricius larvae. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13169441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Amendments with vermicomposts can reduce the incidence of pests. In this study, earthworms were fed different foods to produce four vermicomposts. A pot experiment was then conducted to assess different vermicomposts’ effects on soil fertility, and the secondary metabolite content and antioxidant capacity of Brassica chinensis L., and on the growth of Spodoptera litura larvae. The results showed that the characteristics of vermicomposts are mainly affected by food supplements, and that the application of vermicomposts can improve soil fertility, whereas increasing the soil and leaf sulfur content can decrease the relative growth rate of S. litura larvae. However, there were no significant differences in the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), nor the DPPH free radical scavenging ability under the different treatments.
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Das D, Deka H. Vermicomposting of harvested waste biomass of potato crop employing Eisenia fetida: changes in nutrient profile and assessment of the maturity of the end products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:35717-35727. [PMID: 33677665 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The vermicomposting potential of waste biomass of potato crops that are generated at the time of harvesting was studied employing Eisenia fetida. The experiment was carried out in pots, and two treatments were applied during the study. In the first treatment, only potato plant biomass (PPB) was taken as the raw materials; whereas in the second treatment, a mixture of PPB with cow dung was engaged in the proportion of 5:1. The vermicomposted materials showed a reduction in C/N ratio, humification index, enhancement in nutrients profiles, ash contents, nitrogen-fixing, phosphate, and potassium solubilizing bacterial population. The macronutrient enhancement in the vermicompost samples was recorded 3.8-4.4-fold for total N, 5-5.6-fold in available P, 1.6-fold in total K, 5.2-6.2-fold in total Ca, and 1.6-fold in total Mg contents. The reduction in C/N was found in the range of 92.5-94.4% in the vermicompost samples. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed higher disintegration in the vermicompost products when compared with initial raw material and compost samples. The addition of cow dung significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of vermicompost final products besides positively affecting the earthworm population and biomass by the end of 60 days of experimental trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimbeswar Das
- Ecology and Environmental Remediation Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati-14, Assam, India
| | - Hemen Deka
- Ecology and Environmental Remediation Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati-14, Assam, India.
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26
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Yen YS, Chen KS, Yang HY, Lai HY. Effect of Vermicompost Amendment on the Accumulation and Chemical Forms of Trace Metals in Leafy Vegetables Grown in Contaminated Soils. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126619. [PMID: 34205439 PMCID: PMC8296319 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Trace metal (TM) contamination of farmland soil in Taiwan occurs because factories dump wastewater into irrigation ditches. Since vermicompost affects the bioavailability of TMs, the objective of this study was to evaluate its effects on the accumulation of growth of TMs in leafy vegetables. (2) Methods: Two TM-contaminated soils and different types of pak choi and lettuce were used and amended with vermicompost. Besides soil properties, the study assessed vermicompost’s influence on the growth, accumulation, and chemical forms of TMs and on the health risks posed by oral intake. (3) Results: Vermicompost could increase the content of soil organic matter, available phosphorus, exchangeable magnesium, and exchangeable potassium, thus promoting the growth of leafy vegetables. The accumulation of four TMs in crops under vermicompost was reduced compared to the control, especially for the concentration of cadmium, which decreased by 60–75%. The vermicompost’s influence on changing the chemical form of TMs depended on the TM concentrations, type of TM, and crop species; moreover, blanching effectively reduced the concentrations of TMs in high-mobility chemical forms. Although vermicompost mostly reduced the amount of cadmium consumed via oral intake, cadmium still posed the highest health risk compared to the other three TMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shan Yen
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (Y.-S.Y.); (K.-S.C.)
| | - Kuei-San Chen
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (Y.-S.Y.); (K.-S.C.)
| | - Hsin-Yi Yang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Yu Lai
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (Y.-S.Y.); (K.-S.C.)
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-22840373 (ext. 4406)
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27
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Qin J, Fu X, Chen X, Cui G. Changes in physicochemical properties and microfauna community during vermicomposting of municipal sludge under different moisture conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:31539-31548. [PMID: 33608779 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12846-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the effect of a range of moisture content levels, including 65%, 72%, and 78%, on physicochemical properties and microfauna communities during vermicomposting of municipal sludge. As a result, death of perishable microfauna together with the degradation of organic matter was the dominant response in all groups in the early period of vermicomposting, while the effects of moisture content levels on various physiochemical parameters did not appear until the mid-later period. After the treatment with 78% moisture content, the content of mineral nitrogen was 1.186 g/kg in the sludge, with a 9.36 × 103 ind./g of microfauna quantity and 663.01 g of earthworm biomass. The values of these three measurements in 78% group were significantly higher than other two groups (p < 0.05), indicating that the effects of 78% moisture content were more pronounced for promoting nitrogen mineralization as well as microfauna and earthworms growth during vermicomposting. Specifically, testate amoebae were strongly associated with nitrification process, while nematodes were related to ammonification and phosphorus mineralization, of which testate amoebae had great potential of being bioindicators during vermicomposting of municipal sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qin
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- College of Chemistry Biology and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, 653100, China
| | - Xiaoyong Fu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Xuemin Chen
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Guangyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Source Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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28
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Ning JY, Zhu XD, Liu HG, Yu GH. Coupling thermophilic composting and vermicomposting processes to remove Cr from biogas residues and produce high value-added biofertilizers. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 329:124869. [PMID: 33639383 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Removing pollutants and producing high value-added products are essential steps for sustainable disposal and utilization of biogas residues. Here, a coupled thermophilic composting and vermicomposting process was used to remove Cr from biogas residues, and the composting products were co-fermented with the plant growth-promoting fungus Trichoderma to produce high value-added biofertilizers. The results showed that thermophilic composting for 37 d markedly increased the total content of Cr but decreased the percentage of available Cr fractions. Synchrotron-radiation-based observations further provided direct evidence of the binding sites to support the results from traditional sequential extraction. At a density of 60 g earthworm/kg biogas residues, vermicomposting removed 23-31% of Cr from biogas residues. After vermicomposting, co-fermentation of biogas residues and Trichoderma was optimized, in which Trichoderma spores were 2-5 × 108 cfu/g substrates. Together, coupling thermophilic composting and vermicomposting processes is a promising technique to remove a portion of heavy metals from biogas residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yuan Ning
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, College of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, College of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hai-Gang Liu
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Guang-Hui Yu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, College of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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29
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Liu T, Awasthi SK, Qin S, Liu H, Awasthi MK, Zhou Y, Jiao M, Pandey A, Varjani S, Zhang Z. Conversion food waste and sawdust into compost employing black soldier fly larvae (diptera: Stratiomyidae) under the optimized condition. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:129931. [PMID: 33601204 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The increasing number of food waste (FW) had led to an urgent methods to recycle, black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) was a potential quick waste manager. To assess the impact of BSFL on conversion FW and sawdust into compost via the parameters of maturity, nutrient transformation and volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Meanwhile, the artificial of FW contained noodles, cabbages, rice and pork. FW and sawdust were employed by BSFL (6.5:0.5:1.2 ratio on fresh weight basis) as T1 and without BSFL called control (T2), while moisture content for FW and sawdust was 86.57% and 5.98%. Results illustrated that BSFL declined the composting time and only 9 d. Compared with initial mixture materials, T1 decreased organic matter, total kjeldahl nitrogen and VFAs from 97.41 to 85.96%, 23.01 to 17.77 g kg-1 and 3.25 to 1.69 g kg-1, respectively. However, T1 increased the total phosphorous and total potassium in 3.8 folds and 5 folds. The value of pH and EC reached at 4.27 and 1100 μS cm-1, and the germination index attained to 70.69%. In addition, redundancy analysis was used to analysis the correlation between factors under composting employed with different additive ratio of BSFL. Therefore, BSFL played a vital role in FW and sawdust recycling, especially reduced composting time and made the final separation of larvae and substrate easily, saving labor costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Shiyi Qin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Huimin Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China.
| | - Yuwen Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Minna Jiao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226 001, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, 382010, Gujarat, India
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China.
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Hu X, Zhang T, Tian G, Zhang L, Bian B. Performance and mechanism of high-speed vermicomposting of dewatered sludge using a new type of laboratory earthworm reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:26132-26144. [PMID: 33483928 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To solve the problem of the traditional vermicomposting cycle being too long, a new type of laboratory earthworm reactor was developed for high-speed vermicomposting of sludge. The earthworm reactor was established based on the model of first creating an optimal living environment for earthworms and then introducing sludge into the environment for vermicomposting. In addition, we selected four different materials to condition sludge to optimize the treatment efficiency and shorten the vermicomposting cycle. The results revealed that the use of the new earthworm reactor for high-speed vermicomposting can shorten the vermicomposting cycle to 61.33 h, which is 1/30 of the traditional method. Compared to the traditional method, the vermicompost obtained from high-speed vermicomposting had better stability and maturity (C/N: 14.96, humification index: 4.69, Germination index: 78.84%, TOC: 88.5 mg/g and ash content: 686 mg/g). Besides, the FT-IR, SEM, EEM, and enzyme activity from the earthworm analysis results show that the addition of vermicompost (raw material) was beneficial to the stability and mineralization of the final vermicompost for dewatered sludge vermicomposting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuren Hu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Ganpei Tian
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Zhang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Bian
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Mago M, Yadav A, Gupta R, Garg VK. Management of banana crop waste biomass using vermicomposting technology. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 326:124742. [PMID: 33508640 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the vermicomposting of banana crop waste biomass by Eisenia fetida. Cow dung has been used as bulking agent in this study. The experiment was conducted in six vermireactors containing different ratios of banana leaf waste biomass (BL) and cow dung (CD) for 105 days. Earthworm activity significantly reduced pH, TOC, C:N and C:P ratio of the wastes. Whereas macronutrients and micronutrients content increased after vermicomposting. TOC content of wastes reduced by 40-64% and C:N ratio of the vermicomposts was in the range of 8.9-24.3. The benefit ratio for heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Zn, Cd, Pb, Mn and Cr) was in the range of 0.23-3.44. The results indicated that the growth and fecundity of the earthworms was best in the vermireactors having 20-40% BL. Finally, it was concluded that vermicomposting can be included in the overall scheme of banana crop waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Mago
- J. C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, India
| | - Anoop Yadav
- Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Renuka Gupta
- J. C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, India
| | - V K Garg
- Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
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32
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Yuvaraj A, Thangaraj R, Ravindran B, Chang SW, Karmegam N. Centrality of cattle solid wastes in vermicomposting technology - A cleaner resource recovery and biowaste recycling option for agricultural and environmental sustainability. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115688. [PMID: 33039975 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The current review reports the importance and significance of cattle solid waste in vermicomposting technology concerning biowaste pollution in the environment. Needy increasing population evokes livestock production resulting in the massive generation of livestock wastes, especially cattle dung. Improper disposal and handling of biowastes originating from agriculture, industries, forests, rural and urban areas lead to nutrient loss, environmental pollution and health risks. Among the organic waste disposal methods available, vermicomposting is regarded as an environmentally friendly technology for bioconversion of agricultural, industrial, rural and urban generated organic solid wastes which are serving as reservoirs of environmental pollution. In vermicomposting of organic wastes, cattle dung plays a central role in mineralization, nutrient recovery, earthworm and microbial activity leading to vermifertilizer production. Even though the vermicomposting studies use cattle dung invariably as an amendment material, its importance has not been reviewed to highlight its central role. Hence, the present review mainly emphasizes the key role played by cattle dung in vermicomposting. Vermiconversion of cattle dung alone and in combination with other biowaste materials of environmental concern, mechanisms involved and benefits of vermicompost in sustainable agriculture are the major objectives addressed in the present review. The analysis reveals that cattle dung is indispensable amendment material for vermicomposting technology to ensure agricultural and environmental sustainability by reducing pollution risks associated with biowastes on one hand, and nutrient-rich benign vermifertilizer production on the other hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananthanarayanan Yuvaraj
- Vermitechnology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasundaram Thangaraj
- Vermitechnology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong - Gu, Gyeonggi - Do, 16227, South Korea
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong - Gu, Gyeonggi - Do, 16227, South Korea
| | - Natchimuthu Karmegam
- Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem, 636 007, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Cao Y, Tian Y, Wu Q, Li J, Zhu H. Vermicomposting of livestock manure as affected by carbon-rich additives (straw, biochar and nanocarbon): A comprehensive evaluation of earthworm performance, microbial activities, metabolic functions and vermicompost quality. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124404. [PMID: 33212386 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Vermicomposting is an eco-friendly method for treating organic wastes. This study investigated the effects of the addition of straw (S), biochar (B), nanocarbon (N), S + B and S + N to cow dung (CD) on earthworm (Eisenia fetida) performance, microbial properties and vermicompost quality. In general, the earthworm growth rate and cocoon production were enhanced by straw addition, but were inhibited by biochar or nanocarbon addition. However, biochar and nanocarbon increased microbial communities associated with organic matter decomposition, and improved metabolic functions, enzyme activities and vermicompost properties. Moreover, addition of straw in combination with nanocarbon resulted in the highest vermicompost quality index (VQI), and significantly increased the biomass of three different test crops (radish, lettuce and pakchoi). These results indicated that biochar and nanocarbon mainly improved microbial activities, while straw primarily enhanced earthworm performance during vermicomposting. In addition, straw combined with nanocarbon can be used to enhance the agronomic performance of vermicompost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yune Cao
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Helanshan Xilu No. 489, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yongqiang Tian
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Helanshan Xilu No. 489, Yinchuan 750021, China; College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qing Wu
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Helanshan Xilu No. 489, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jianshe Li
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Helanshan Xilu No. 489, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Helanshan Xilu No. 489, Yinchuan 750021, China
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Balachandar R, Biruntha M, Yuvaraj A, Thangaraj R, Subbaiya R, Govarthanan M, Kumar P, Karmegam N. Earthworm intervened nutrient recovery and greener production of vermicompost from Ipomoea staphylina - An invasive weed with emerging environmental challenges. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128080. [PMID: 33297079 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The invasive weed, Ipomoea staphylina (IS) with cow dung (CD) and mushroom spent straw (MS) in four different combinations (IS:CD:MS), V1 (1:1:0), V2 (2:1:1), V3 (1:0:1) and V4 (1:1:1) were pre-decomposed for 21 days followed by 50 days vermicomposting using Eudrilus eugeniae in triplicates in order to alleviate and to utilize the weed biomass in an environment-friendly manner. The contents of organic matter, organic carbon, cellulose, lignin, C/N and C/P ratios showed a decrease, while electrical conductivity, total NPK, calcium, sodium, and nitrate-nitrogen showed a significant increase in vermicompost over control. Water-soluble organic carbon to organic nitrogen ratio and C/N ratio in V1 (0.52 and 17.55) and V4 (0.43 and 16.56), respectively, were in conformity with the maturity of vermicomposts. Scanning electron micrographs of the end products clearly showed more fragmented, fine, and porous particles in vermicompost. Copper, chromium, cadmium, lead, and zinc in vermicomposts were below the permissible limits. Dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, cellulase, and protease activities were significantly higher in V4 than other treatments, implying the role of MS and CD addition during vermicomposting. Though V3 combination supported worm biomass, V4 combination was found to favor the fecundity of Eudrilus eugeniae. Results reveal that 1:1:1 combination of SI + CD + MS (V4) is suitable for utilizing the weed biomass for vermicompost production and nutrient recovery. From the biomass of environmentally problematic weed, Ipomoea staphylina, nutrient-rich vermicompost can be produced through vermitechnology for sustainable environmental management and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Balachandar
- Department of Biotechnology, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Vinayaka Missions University (Deemed to Be University), Paiyanoor, Chennai, 603 104, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muniyandi Biruntha
- Vermitechnology Laboratory, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ananthanarayanan Yuvaraj
- Vermitechnology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasundaram Thangaraj
- Vermitechnology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Subbaiya
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Copperbelt University, Riverside, Jambo Drive, P O Box: 21692, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - Muthusamy Govarthanan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ponnuchamy Kumar
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natchimuthu Karmegam
- Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem, 636 007, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Rini J, Deepthi MP, Saminathan K, Narendhirakannan RT, Karmegam N, Kathireswari P. Nutrient recovery and vermicompost production from livestock solid wastes with epigeic earthworms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 313:123690. [PMID: 32585456 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study nutrient recovery and vermicompost production from livestock solid wastes of indigenous and exotic cow breeds with epigeic earthworms. Fourteen days pre-decomposed dung of Vechur native (CD1) and exotic Jersey (CD2) breeds were vermicomposted with Perionyx excavatus and Eudrilus eugeniae for 45 days (Cycle I) and 90 days (Cycle II) including respective controls without earthworms. Vermicomposts from CD1 and CD2 substrates during Cycle I and II showed increase in NPK, Ca and micro-nutrients (P < 0.05); whereas, pH, total organic carbon, C/N and C/P ratios disclosed decrease (P < 0.05) over initial levels for both the earthworms. E. eugeniae was found efficient in vermicomposting cattle solid wastes in 45 days and CD1 yielded nutrient rich vermicompost. The study concludes that Cycle I is suitable for nutrient recovery and vermicompost production, in addition to mass multiplication of earthworms in Cycle II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Rini
- Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Coimbatore 641 029, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Madathil Peedika Deepthi
- Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Coimbatore 641 029, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kulandaivel Saminathan
- Department of Chemistry, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Coimbatore 641 029, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Natchimuthu Karmegam
- Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem 636 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palanisamy Kathireswari
- Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Coimbatore 641 029, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Rai R, Suthar S. Composting of toxic weed Parthenium hysterophorus: Nutrient changes, the fate of faecal coliforms, and biopesticide property assessment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 311:123523. [PMID: 32446237 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate; composting of toxic weed Parthenium with cow dung in (2:1, and 1:1 ratio); and the changes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella population; as well as the antimicrobial property of ready compost. Organic carbon decreased by 45-52% while total nitrogen, total potassium, available phosphorus increased by 1.87- to 3.21-, 1.65- to 1.83-, and 4.03- to 3.33-folds, respectively in Parthenium setups. Germination index value (110-132%) indicates no phytotoxicity of composted Parthenium. E. coli reduced by 6.87 to 6.90 log population (<1000 CFU g-1, safe limit) while Salmonella was in non-detectable limit in compost samples. Results of the antimicrobial test indicate a strong biocidal activity by non-sterilized compost extract against plant pathogens Xanthomonas citrus, Xanthomonas campestris, and Erwinia carotovora. Xanthomonas spp. It is concluded that thermophilic composting could convert Parthenium into a product with biomanure and biopesticide property for sustainable agriculture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani Rai
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Surindra Suthar
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India.
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Sun FS, Yu GH, Ning JY, Zhu XD, Goodman BA, Wu J. Biological removal of cadmium from biogas residues during vermicomposting, and the effect of earthworm hydrolysates on Trichoderma guizhouense sporulation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 312:123635. [PMID: 32531739 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The removal efficiency of Cd from biogas residues (BR) by earthworms (Eisenia fetida) during vermicomposting and the optimum addition of earthworm hydrolysates for production of Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU 4742 spores were determined. The results showed that vermicomposting could effectively remove Cd (up to 18.9%) from the BR. Synchrotron radiation based FTIR spectromicroscopy demonstrated a weakened correlation between functional groups after vermicomposting, suggesting that the activity of earthworms affects the binding sites and bioavailability of heavy metals. Under optimum conditions, the hydrolysis rate of earthworms was ~97% and the removal efficiency of Cd was up to 93%. Furthermore, addition of 20% of earthworm hydrolysate promoted the largest production of Trichoderma sporulation (~2.95 × 108 cfu/g straw), indicating the possibility of earthworm hydrolysates promoting the growth of Trichoderma guizhouense is a suitable way to recycle earthworms after vermicomposting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Sheng Sun
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guang-Hui Yu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, College of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Jing-Yuan Ning
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, College of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, College of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bernard A Goodman
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Gusain R, Suthar S. Vermicomposting of invasive weed Ageratum conyzoids: Assessment of nutrient mineralization, enzymatic activities, and microbial properties. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 312:123537. [PMID: 32474400 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ageratum conyzoids biomass was vermicomposted with cow dung in 25 (T25), 50 (T50), and 75 (T75) % (v/v) ratios and changes in physicochemical characteristics, enzymatic activities (proteases, dehydrogenases, β-galactosidase and phosphatases), and microbial population (bacterial, fungal, and actinomycetes) was recorded. Vermicomposting caused a decrease in pH, OCtotal (27.3-35.3%), but an increase in Ntotal (59.6-69.9%), Paval (53.8-148.7%), Ktotal (32.2-92.43%), and Catotal (25.5-55.3%). The peaked enzymatic activities were recorded between 5 and 15 d. T50 and T75 showed the highest fold increase in bacteria (2.09-to-2.51), fungi (1.48-to-2.41), actinomycetes (1.52-to-1.79) population. The maximum biomass (883.67-1480 mg), cocoon production (85.33-145.33), and population build-up in earthworm were recorded in setups with a high content of Ageratum. Germination index (>80%) and soil respiration rate suggested the non-toxic impact of vermicomposted Ageratum. Results indicate that Ageratum could be biotransformed into toxic-free manure through vermitechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Gusain
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Surindra Suthar
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India.
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Gusain R, Suthar S. Vermicomposting of duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) by employing Eisenia fetida: Changes in nutrient contents, microbial enzyme activities and earthworm biodynamics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 311:123585. [PMID: 32492602 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the vermicomposting of duckweed (DW) mixed with cow dung in 25 (T25), 50 (T50), 75 (T75), 100% (T100) ratio using Eisenia fetida under a 35 d trail. Decrease in pH, organic carbon (33.54-38.25%), C/N ratio (43.6-56.6%), but increase in total N (18.2-42.4%), Paval (137-187%), and TK (7.76-79.4%) was recorded. Macro-elements (Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu) also showed a many-fold increase in vermicomposts. T50 and T75 showed the highest mineralization rates. Activities of enzymes (proteases; dehydrogenases; β-galactosidase; acid phosphatase; and alkali phosphatases) and soil respiration rate was also higher in DW-rich waste mixtures. Seed bioassay test indicates the high agronomic application of DW-based vermicomposts. High earthworm biomass (975-1395 mg) and fecundity rate (1.53-4.07 cocoons worm-1) was recorded in all vermi-setups suggesting the suitability of DW as a substrate for E. fetida culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Gusain
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Surindra Suthar
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India.
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Abstract
Due to a need for sustainability in agriculture, waste products ought to be utilized in the most appropriate way. A study was undertaken relating to the vermicomposting of Cameroon sheep dung (CSD) by the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta. Processing of this waste was investigated using unadulterated CSD and in a 1:1 mixture with unpalatable (waste) hay (CSDH). Results demonstrated that these materials were actively processed by D. veneta with vermicomposts obtained which can be characterized by a higher amount of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (average, respectively, 17.0, 10.5, 13.2 g kg−1 d.m.), as well as lower total carbon and magnesium content (respectively, 340 and 3.2 g kg−1 d.m.), compared with the initial waste material. No significant differences were found between CSD and CSDH vermicomposts with respect to chemistry. Levels of selected trace elements (average: Cu 17.5–18.8, Cr 5.7–5.8, Pb 13.5–14.4, Ni < 3, Cd < 0.4 mg kg−1 d.m.) in both vermicomposts did not exclude their application to agricultural soil as a fertilizer.
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Lescano MR, Masin CE, Rodríguez AR, Godoy JL, Zalazar CS. Earthworms to improve glyphosate degradation in biobeds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:27023-27031. [PMID: 32382913 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09002-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, earthworm effect on the efficiency of biobeds for glyphosate degradation was studied. Three biomixtures with and without the addition of earthworms (Eisenia fetida species) were evaluated. The initial concentration of glyphosate was 1000 mg/kg biomixture. Glyphosate and biological parameters were measured as a function of time. Earthworm survival, biomass, and reproduction were evaluated as well. All biomixtures that contain earthworms reached 90% of glyphosate degradation at 90 days in comparison with the biomixtures without earthworms that reached 80% approximately at the same time. Also, within the biomixtures that contained earthworms, glyphosate degradation rate was significantly higher in the one made up with soil and wheat stubble (Ws-E) showing excellent capacity for aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) degradation, the main metabolite of glyphosate degradation. In addition, a study performed after the vermiremediation process showed that E. fetida can tolerate high glyphosate concentration without modifications in its life traits. It can be concluded that the use of E. fetida within the biobeds is an excellent combination to improve glyphosate and AMPA removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia R Lescano
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC, UNL-CONICET), 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, FHUC-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carolina E Masin
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC, UNL-CONICET), 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alba R Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, FHUC-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - José L Godoy
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC, UNL-CONICET), 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Cristina S Zalazar
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC, UNL-CONICET), 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
- Departamento de Medioambiente, FICH-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Singh A, Karmegam N, Singh GS, Bhadauria T, Chang SW, Awasthi MK, Sudhakar S, Arunachalam KD, Biruntha M, Ravindran B. Earthworms and vermicompost: an eco-friendly approach for repaying nature's debt. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:1617-1642. [PMID: 31974693 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The steady increase in the world's population has intensified the need for crop productivity, but the majority of the agricultural practices are associated with adverse effects on the environment. Such undesired environmental outcomes may be mitigated by utilizing biological agents as part of farming practice. The present review article summarizes the analyses of the current status of global agriculture and soil scenarios; a description of the role of earthworms and their products as better biofertilizer; and suggestions for the rejuvenation of such technology despite significant lapses and gaps in research and extension programs. By maintaining a close collaboration with farmers, we have recognized a shift in their attitude and renewed optimism toward nature-based green technology. Based on these relations, it is inferred that the application of earthworm-mediated vermitechnology increases sustainable development by strengthening the underlying economic, social and ecological framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Singh
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221 011, India
| | - Natchimuthu Karmegam
- Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636 007, India
| | - Gopal Shankar Singh
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221 011, India.
| | - Tunira Bhadauria
- Department of Zoology, Feroze Gandhi College, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, 229 001, India
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Evironmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong Gu, Suwon, 16227, South Korea
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sivasubramaniam Sudhakar
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 012, India
| | - Kantha Deivi Arunachalam
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM institute of science and technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Muniyandi Biruntha
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Evironmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong Gu, Suwon, 16227, South Korea.
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Paul S, Kauser H, Jain MS, Khwairakpam M, Kalamdhad AS. Biogenic stabilization and heavy metal immobilization during vermicomposting of vegetable waste with biochar amendment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 390:121366. [PMID: 31690503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vermicomposting is a traditional technology that produces the best quality of compost, but factors such as maturity, presence of heavy metals, etc. need to be tackled prior to agrarian application. The present study investigates the influence of varying biochar dose (2.5, 5, and 10% on a weight basis) on the maturity of compost and heavy metals during vermicomposting of vegetable waste using epigeic earthworm. Biochar amendment notably enhanced the electrical conductivity (up to 2.7 mS/cm), nitrogen content (up to 3.1%), NO3-N (up to 630 mg/kg) and nutritional value. The heavy metals, oxygen uptake rate (below 0.96 mg/g VS/day) and CO2 evolution rate (below 1 mg/g VS/day) were attenuated along with degradation of complex organic crystals as observed in powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD) spectra. Furthermore, biochar aid in reducing pathogens (below 1.1 × 103 MPN/g dry weight) as inferred from the Most Probable Number (MPN) results as well as degrading the complex organics into simpler compounds as revealed from the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra. The present study inferred that the vegetable waste was biologically stabilized through biochar amendment during vermicomposting process with improved nutritional and physico-chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Paul
- Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Guwahati, Assam, India.
| | - Heena Kauser
- Centre for Rural Technology, IIT Guwahati, Assam, India.
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Dohaish EJAB. Vermicomposting of Organic Waste with <i>Eisenia fetida</i> Increases the Content of Exchangeable Nutrients in Soil. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 23:501-509. [PMID: 32363835 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.501.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Vermicomposting is a green technique used to produce organic compost from organic waste with the aid of specific earthworm species. The resulting compost is rich in nutrients that can improve plant health and fertility. This study was conducted to produce organic compost using a developed vermicomposting technique. And that is to enhance and increase the exchangeable nutritional content in the soil for utilization in sustainable agriculture. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiment was carried out with Eisenia fetida worms in a treatment technique using sugarcane straw, remnants of garden tree leaves, kitchen wastes and cow manure. The physiochemical parameters, namely temperature, moisture, acidity, electrical conductivity and 10 different nutrients, were assessed in vermicompost samples and garden soil sample (without earthworms). RESULTS The results revealed higher N, C and P content in the vermicompost than in the garden soil sample. CONCLUSION This study confirms that vermicompost has a high nutrient value and can be considered a promising method for safely disposing organic waste, improving crop production and achieving long-term food security.
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Li W, Bhat SA, Li J, Cui G, Wei Y, Yamada T, Li F. Effect of excess activated sludge on vermicomposting of fruit and vegetable waste by using novel vermireactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 302:122816. [PMID: 32004813 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the effect of excess activated sludge (EAS) on vermicomposting of fruit and vegetable wastes (FVW). For this, a novel vermireactor consists of substrate and bed compartments was used for treating five types of FVW (banana peels, cabbage, lettuce, carrot, and potato) with and without the addition of EAS by earthworms. The EAS promoted the growth and cocoon production of earthworms, and the decomposition efficiency of FVW. The changes of dehydrogenase activity revealed that the EAS enhanced the microbial activity in all treatments except for the carrot. The organic matter content, total carbon and the C/N ratio showed a significant decrease after addition of EAS into FVW. The content of nitrogen and phosphorus was also improved in the final products after vermicomposting. This study suggested that the addition of EAS could be a feasible option to enhance the vermicomposting of FVW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Li
- Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Jiefeng Li
- Department of Architecture, Lu Liang University, Lishi, Shanxi 033000, China
| | - Guangyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yongfen Wei
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Toshiro Yamada
- Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Fusheng Li
- Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Li Y, Yang X, Gao W, Qiu J, Li Y. Comparative study of vermicomposting of garden waste and cow dung using Eisenia fetida. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:9646-9657. [PMID: 31925695 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07667-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vermicomposting is the process of composting using worms and is applied in waste management to produce high-quality organic fertilizer. Garden waste (GW) is often mixed with other raw materials for vermicomposting. In the present study, the feasibility of vermicomposting using only GW was investigated in comparison with cow dung (CD). The total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total potassium (TK) contents and the electrical conductivity increased, while total organic carbon (TOC) and the C/N ratio decreased in both substrates after vermicomposting. The nutrient content (TN, TP, and TK) of the GW vermicompost was promoted less than that in CD. Scanning electron microscopy images and specific surface area analysis showed that the vermicompost was strongly disaggregated and became more compacted and fragmented compared with the raw substrates. No mortality of earthworms was observed in GW; however, the earthworms had a higher mean body weight and reproduction rate in CD than that in GW. There were higher bacterial community richness and diversity in the vermicompost than that in the raw materials, and the dominant phylum species were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Redundancy analysis demonstrated that TN, C/N ratio, and TOC play an important role in bacterial community dynamics. These data indicate that vermicomposting is a robust process that is suitable for the management of GW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingkai Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaolei Yang
- Shanghai Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Shanghai, 201103, China
| | - Wen Gao
- Shanghai Shengran Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201401, China
| | - Jiangping Qiu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yinsheng Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Liu T, Awasthi MK, Awasthi SK, Duan Y, Zhang Z. Effects of black soldier fly larvae (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) on food waste and sewage sludge composting. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 256:109967. [PMID: 31989984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of the economy and population, the improvement of life level, enormous organic wastes have been generated. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) treatment is an attractive management method as it provides a strategy for waste treatment while also generate biofertilizers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the BSFL processing residue quality through the physical and chemical parameters. The sewage sludge (T1) and food waste (T2) were employed with BSFL (7:1.2 ration on fresh weight basis) and without BSFL T3 and T4 was marked control and composted for 9 days. The results showed that the BSFL composting reduced the organic matter by 14.51-21.98% and the accumulation of volatile fatty acids by 10.12-28.50%. While BSFL composting greatly increased total kjeldahl nitrogen by 23.15% compared with T4, T1 remained essentially unchanged. The additive of BSFL was significantly increased the total phosphorous and potassium in T2, but T1 remained stable compared with control. These results showed that the BSFL could improve the quality of end product and promote the food waste degradation. The current study indicates that the BSFL management provides an environmentally relevant alternative with very convenience in food waste. Further research should focus on residue sanitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China.
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Yumin Duan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China.
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48
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Srivastava V, Goel G, Thakur VK, Singh RP, Ferreira de Araujo AS, Singh P. Analysis and advanced characterization of municipal solid waste vermicompost maturity for a green environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 255:109914. [PMID: 32063304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Rapid demographic expansion along with increasing urbanization has aggravated the problem of solid waste management. Therefore, scientists are seeking waste management methods that are eco-friendly, cost effective and produce immediate results. In the developing world, municipal solid waste (MSW) contains mostly organic substances, therefore vermicomposting could be a better and cost-effective option for waste management. In this study, vermicomposting of organic portion of MSW with cow dung (additive) was performed using Eisenia fetida. The results showed significant (p < 0.001) decline in pH (13.17%), TOC (21.70%), C: N (62.53%) and C: P (57.66%) ratios, whilst total N (108.9%), P (84.89%) and K (21.85%) content increased (p < 0.001) in matured vermicompost. Different enzymatic activities declined during termination phase of vermicomposting experiment with maximum decrease of 41.72 (p = 0.002) and 39.56% (p = 0.001) in protease and β-glucosidase, respectively. FT-IR, TGA, DSC and SEM studies suggested that final vermicompost was more stabilized as compared to initial waste mixture, characterized by reduced levels of aliphatic materials, carbohydrates and increase in aromatic groups possibly due to biosynthesis of humic substances. Both, the conventional (physicochemical and enzyme activity) and advanced techniques depict maturity and stability of the ready vermicompost. However, FT-IR, TGA, DSC and SEM were proved to be more promising, fast and reliable techniques over conventional analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Srivastava
- Department of Environment and Sustainable Development, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Gaurav Goel
- School of Aerospace, Transport & Manufacturing, Cranfield University, United Kingdom
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- School of Aerospace, Transport & Manufacturing, Cranfield University, United Kingdom
| | - Rajeev Pratap Singh
- Department of Environment and Sustainable Development, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | | | - Pooja Singh
- Department of Science, Institute of Computer Science and Technology, SHEPA, Varanasi, India
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Biruntha M, Karmegam N, Archana J, Karunai Selvi B, John Paul JA, Balamuralikrishnan B, Chang SW, Ravindran B. Vermiconversion of biowastes with low-to-high C/N ratio into value added vermicompost. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122398. [PMID: 31759857 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Seaweed (T1), sugarcane trash (T2), coir pith (T3) and vegetable waste (T4) with cowdung (1:1, w/w) were vermicomposted using Eudrilus eugeniae (50 days). The pH in vermicomposts showed a decrease while electrical conductivity showed increment. The organic matter content, organic carbon, lignin, cellulose, C/N and C/P ratios in vermicompost was significantly lower than compost. Total NPK contents of vermicompost were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) with 12.04-63.75%, 19.05-31.58% and 22.47-42.55%, respectively. The significantly higher growth rate of 1.41 and 7.74 mg/worm/day was observed in T1 on 10th and 50th day respectively, with 23.91 initial C/N ratio; while it was 0.85 and 4.81 mg/worm/day in T4 with 69.81 initial C/N ratio. A similar pattern was reflected in cocoon production, hatchling success and hatchling number/cocoon. Results revealed that vermicompost quality, worm growth, and reproduction depend on C/N ratio. The study suggests that amendment materials like cowdung are necessary to reduce C/N ratio for effective vermicomposting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muniyandi Biruntha
- Vermiculture Technology Laboratory, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natchimuthu Karmegam
- Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem 636 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeyaprakasam Archana
- Vermiculture Technology Laboratory, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balan Karunai Selvi
- Department of Botany, V. V. Vanniaperumal College for Women (Autonomous), Virudhunagar 626 001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - James Arockia John Paul
- Department of Zoology, Arumugam Pillai Seethai Ammal College, Tiruppattur 630 211, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Balamuralikrishnan
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S W Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong - Gu, Gyeonggi - Do 16227, South Korea
| | - B Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong - Gu, Gyeonggi - Do 16227, South Korea.
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He J, Ni F, Cui A, Chen X, Deng S, Shen F, Huang C, Yang G, Song C, Zhang J, Tian D, Long L, Zhu Y, Luo L. New insight into adsorption and co-adsorption of arsenic and tetracycline using a Y-immobilized graphene oxide-alginate hydrogel: Adsorption behaviours and mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 701:134363. [PMID: 31706211 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (e.g., arsenic (As)) and tetracycline (TC) usually coexist in wastewater from livestock farm, whereas the co-adsorption behaviours and mechanisms of As(V) and TC were not well-known. This study investigated the adsorption and co-adsorption of As(V) and TC by a novel yttrium-immobilized-graphene oxide-alginate hydrogel (Y-GO-SA) to explore the adsorption behaviours and mechanisms. The adsorption of As(V) and TC was pH-dependent. The maximum adsorption capacities under the studied concentrations were 273.39 mg/g for As(V), and 477.9 mg/g for TC, respectively, which are much higher than many other reported adsorbents. Furthermore, As(V) adsorption was due to ion exchange between hydroxyl groups and H2AsO42- groups and H-bonds formed with O-containing groups on Y-GO-SA, and the adsorption of TC by Y-GO-SA was mainly ascribed to electrostatic interaction, H-bonds, π - π EDA interaction, n-π EDA interaction, and cation-bonding bridge effects. The co-adsorption of As(V) and TC in binary system indicated that the presence of TC obviously suppressed the adsorption of As(V) due to the competition for active sites, whereas the effect of presence of As(V) on adsorption of TC can be negligible due to the balance contributions from its contrary effects, i.e. enhancement (anion-π interaction) and reduction (competition for Y ions) in TC adsorption. Finally, the hydrogels performed well in the treatment of livestock farm waste water. It can be anticipated that the prepared 3D hydrogel can be used as a powerful adsorbent in the practical application of waste water treatment, owing to its easy separation, high adsorption and good reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong He
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Fan Ni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Anan Cui
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xianli Chen
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shihuai Deng
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Fei Shen
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Churui Huang
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Chun Song
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Dong Tian
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lulu Long
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Ling Luo
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
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