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Gu J, Cao Y, Sun Q, Zhang J, Xu Y, Jin H, Huang H. The bacterial community drive the humification and greenhouse gas emissions during plant residues composting under different aeration rates. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38920117 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2369732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of different aeration intensities on organic matter (OM) degradation, greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) as well as humification during plant residue composting. Three intermittent aeration intensities of 0.084 (Tlow), 0.19 (Tmedium) and 0.34 (Thigh) L min-1kg-1 DM with 30 min on/30 min off were conducted on a lab-scale composting experiment. Results showed that OM mineralization in Thigh was more evident than Tlow and Tmedium, resulting in the highest humic acid content. Humic acid content in Tmedium and Thigh was 15.7% and 18.5% higher than that in Tlow. The average O2 concentration was 4.9%, 9.5% and 13.6% for Tlow, Tmedium and Thigh. Compared with Tmedium and Thigh, Tlow reduced CO2 and N2O emissions by 18.3%-39.6% and 72.4%-63.9%, but the CH4 emission was highest in Tlow. But the total GHG emission was the lowest in Thigh. Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size analysis showed that the core bacteria within Tlow mainly belonged to Anaerolineaceae, which was significantly negatively correlated to the emission of CH4. Thermostaphylospora, Unclassified_Vicinamibacteraceae and Sulfurifustis were identified as core bacteria in Tmedium and Thigh, and these genus were significantly postively correlated to CO2 and N2O emissions. Redundancy analysis showed that total orgnic carbon, O2 and electrical conductivity were the key factors affecting the evolution of bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Gu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Cao
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Sun
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueding Xu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Jin
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongying Huang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Conde Molina D, Di Gregorio V. Enhancing biodegradation of vegetable oil-contaminated soil with soybean texturized waste, spent mushroom substrate, and stabilized poultry litter in microcosm systems. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:237. [PMID: 38853194 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Industrial activities contribute to environmental pollution, particularly through unregulated effluent discharges, causing adverse effects on ecosystems. Vegetable oils, as insoluble substances, exacerbate this pollution, forming impermeable films and affecting the oxygen transfer, leading to serious habitat disruption. Organic wastes, such as soybean texturized waste, spent mushroom substrate, and stabilized poultry litter, were assessed for their efficacy in enhancing the degradation of vegetable oil in contaminated soil. For this purpose, contaminated soil was amended with each of the wastes (10% w/w) using microcosm systems, which were monitored physico-chemically, microbiologically and toxicologically. Results indicate that the wastes promoted significant oil degradation, achieving 83.1, 90.7, and 86.2% removal for soybean texturized waste, spent mushroom substrate, and stabilized poultry litter, respectively, within a 90-day period. Additionally, they positively influenced soil microbial activity, as evidenced by increased levels of culturable microorganisms and hydrolytic microbial activity. While bioassays indicated no phytotoxicity in most cases, soybean texturized waste exhibited inhibitory effects on seed germination and root elongation of Lactuca sativa. This study significantly enhances our comprehension of remediation techniques for sites tainted with vegetable oils, highlighting the critical role of organic waste as eco-friendly agents in soil restoration. Emphasizing the practical implications of these findings is imperative to underscore the relevance and urgency of addressing vegetable oil contamination in soil. Moving forward, tailored strategies considering both contaminant characteristics and soil ecosystem traits are vital for ensuring effective and sustainable soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Conde Molina
- Grupo de Biotecnología y Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad Regional Delta, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, San Martín 1171, 2804, Campana, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Vanina Di Gregorio
- Grupo de Biotecnología y Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad Regional Delta, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, San Martín 1171, 2804, Campana, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ayar-Sümer EN, Verheust Y, Özçelik B, Raes K. Impact of Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation Based on Biotransformation of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity of Mushrooms. Foods 2024; 13:1616. [PMID: 38890845 PMCID: PMC11172137 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms contain phenolic compounds that possess health-promoting properties, including antioxidant effects. However, the low solubility and form of phenolic compounds affect their bioactivity and bioaccessibility. To overcome this limitation, our study investigates the fermentation of mushrooms to increase their free phenolic content and enhance their bioactivity. Our research focused on the impact of fermentation on both free and bound phenolic fractions (FPs and BPs, respectively) in Lentinula edodes and Lactarius deliciosus, which were successively fermented with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LMG 17673 for 72 h. We examined the total phenolic content (TPC), phenolic profile, and antioxidant activity of both FPs and BPs. Our results showed that the TPC of BPs was higher than that of FPs in both mushrooms, with strong antioxidant capabilities. Fermentation significantly increased the TPC of FPs in both mushrooms, particularly after 24 h of fermentation. The TPC of BPs in mushrooms decreased during fermentation, indicating their release from the matrix. Additionally, we identified 30 bioactive compounds using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Our study demonstrates for the first time that lactic acid bacteria fermentation of mushrooms with high phenolic content leads to the liberation of bound phenolics, enhancing their bioactivity and bioaccessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Nur Ayar-Sümer
- Research Unit VEG-i-TEC, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, St-Martem Latemlaan 2B, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; (E.N.A.-S.); (Y.V.)
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, TR-34469 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Yannick Verheust
- Research Unit VEG-i-TEC, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, St-Martem Latemlaan 2B, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; (E.N.A.-S.); (Y.V.)
| | - Beraat Özçelik
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, TR-34469 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Katleen Raes
- Research Unit VEG-i-TEC, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, St-Martem Latemlaan 2B, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; (E.N.A.-S.); (Y.V.)
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Yang G, Ma Y, Ma X, Wang X, Lu C, Xu W, Luo J, Guo D. Changes in soil organic carbon components and microbial community following spent mushroom substrate application. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1351921. [PMID: 38827156 PMCID: PMC11140037 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1351921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
While spent mushroom substrate (SMS) has shown promise in increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) and improving soil quality, research on the interplay between SOC components and microbial community following the application of diverse SMS types remains scant. A laboratory soil incubation experiment was conducted with application of two types of SMSs from cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii (PE) and Agaricus bisporus (AB), each at three application rates (3, 5.5, and 8%). Advanced techniques, including solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-throughput sequencing, were employed to investigate on SOC fractions and chemical structure, microbial community composition and functionality. Compared to SMS-AB, SMS-PE application increased the relative abundances of carbohydrate carbon and O-alkyl C in SOC. In addition, SMS-PE application increased the relative abundance of the bacterial phylum Proteobacteria and those of the fungal phyla Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. The relative abundances of cellulose-degrading bacterial (e.g., Flavisolibacter and Agromyces) and fungal genera (e.g., Myceliophthora, Thermomyces, and Conocybe) were increased as well. The application of SMS-AB increased the aromaticity index of SOC, the relative abundance of aromatic C, and the contents of humic acid and heavy fraction organic carbon. In addition, SMS-AB application significantly increased the relative abundances of the bacterial phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. Notably, the genera Actinomadura, Ilumatobacter, and Bacillus, which were positively correlated with humic acid, experienced an increase in relative abundance. Functional prediction revealed that SMS-PE application elevated carbohydrate metabolism and reduced the prevalence of fungal pathogens, particularly Fusarium. The application of high-rate SMS-AB (8%) enhanced bacterial amino acid metabolism and the relative abundances of plant pathogenic fungi. Our research provides strategies for utilizing SMS to enrich soil organic carbon and fortify soil health, facilitating the achievement of sustainable soil management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiting Yang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China
- National Agricultural Experiment Station for Agricultural Environment, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuanqing Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenyi Xu
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jia Luo
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Dejie Guo
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Sarkar J, Naskar A, Nath A, Gangopadhyay B, Tarafdar E, Das D, Chakraborty S, Chattopadhyay D, Acharya K. Innovative utilization of harvested mushroom substrate for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: A multi-response optimization approach. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118297. [PMID: 38281560 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
In this work, harvested mushroom substrate (HMS) has been explored for the first time through a comprehensive optimization study for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). A multiple response central composite design with three parameters: pH of the reaction mixture, temperature, and incubation period at three distinct levels was employed in the optimization study. The particle size of AgNPs, UV absorbance, and the percentage of Ag/Cl elemental ratio were considered as the response parameters. For each response variable examined the model used was found to be significant (P < 0.05). The ideal conditions were: pH 8.9, a temperature of 59.4 °C, and an incubation period of 48.5 h. The UV-visible spectra of AgNPs indicated that the absorption maxima for AgNP-3 were 414 nm, 420 for AgNPs-2, and 457 for AgNPs-1. The XRD analysis of AgNPs-3 and AgNPs-2 show a large diffraction peak at ∼38.2°, ∼44.2°, ∼64.4°, and ∼77.4°, respectively, which relate to the planes of polycrystalline face-centered cubic (fcc) silver. Additionally, the XRD result of AgNPs-1, reveals diffraction characteristics of AgCl planes (111, 200, 220, 311, 222, and 400). The TEM investigations indicated that the smallest particles were synthesized at pH 9 with average diameters of 35 ± 6 nm (AgNPs-3). The zeta potentials of the AgNPs are -36 (AgNPs-3), -28 (AgNPs-2), and -19 (AgNPs-1) mV, respectively. The distinct IR peak at 3400, 1634, and 1383 cm-1 indicated the typical vibration of phenols, proteins, and alkaloids, respectively. The AgNPs were further evaluated against gram (+) strain Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 736) and gram (-) strain Escherichia coli (MTCC 68). All of the NPs tested positive for antibacterial activity against both bacterial strains. The study makes a sustainable alternative to disposing of HMS to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jit Sarkar
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, PIN-700019, India
| | - Arghya Naskar
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, PIN-700019, India
| | - Anirban Nath
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, PIN-700019, India
| | - Bhuman Gangopadhyay
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, PIN-700019, India
| | - Entaj Tarafdar
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, PIN-700019, India
| | - Diptosh Das
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, PIN-700019, India
| | - Somsubhra Chakraborty
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, PIN-721302, India
| | - Dipankar Chattopadhyay
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, PIN-700019, India; Center for Research in Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata - 700106, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, PIN-700019, India.
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van Brenk B, Kleijburg FEL, Kemperman AJB, van der Meer WGJ, Wösten HAB. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic removal of organic micropollutants with spent mushroom substrate of Agaricus bisporus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:301. [PMID: 38639797 PMCID: PMC11031484 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Water bodies are increasingly contaminated with a diversity of organic micropollutants (OMPs). This impacts the quality of ecosystems due to their recalcitrant nature. In this study, we assessed the removal of OMPs by spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of the white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) and by its aqueous tea extract. Removal of acesulfame K, antipyrine, bentazon, caffeine, carbamazepine, chloridazon, clofibric acid, and N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) by SMS and its tea was between 10 and 90% and 0-26%, respectively, in a 7-day period. Sorption to SMS particles was between 0 and 29%, which can thus not explain the removal difference between SMS and its tea, the latter lacking these particles. Carbamazepine was removed most efficiently by both SMS and its tea. Removal of OMPs (except caffeine) by SMS tea was not affected by heat treatment. By contrast, heat-treatment of SMS reduced OMP removal to < 10% except for carbamazepine with a removal of 90%. These results indicate that OMP removal by SMS and its tea is mediated by both enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities. The presence of copper, manganese, and iron (0.03, 0.88, and 0.33 µg L-1, respectively) as well as H2O2 (1.5 µM) in SMS tea indicated that the Fenton reaction represents (part of) the non-enzymatic activity. Indeed, the in vitro reconstituted Fenton reaction removed OMPs > 50% better than the teas. From these data it is concluded that spent mushroom substrate of the white button mushroom, which is widely available as a waste-stream, can be used to purify water from OMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigit van Brenk
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Fleur E L Kleijburg
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Antoine J B Kemperman
- Membrane Science and Technology cluster, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede, 7500 AE, the Netherlands
| | - Walter G J van der Meer
- Membrane Science and Technology cluster, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede, 7500 AE, the Netherlands
- Oasen, PO BOX 122, Gouda, 2800 AC, the Netherlands
| | - Han A B Wösten
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, the Netherlands.
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Jones MP, Jiang Q, Mautner A, Naghilou A, Prado‐Roller A, Wolff M, Koch T, Archodoulaki V, Bismarck A. Fungal Carbon: A Cost-Effective Tunable Network Template for Creating Supercapacitors. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2024; 8:2300315. [PMID: 38617029 PMCID: PMC11009424 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Carbons form critical components in biogas purification and energy storage systems and are used to modify polymer matrices. The environmental impact of producing carbons has driven research interest in biomass-derived carbons, although these have yield, processing, and resource competition limitations. Naturally formed fungal filaments are investigated, which are abundantly available as food- and biotechnology-industry by-products and wastes as cost-effective and sustainable templates for carbon networks. Pyrolyzed Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus eryngii filament networks are mesoporous and microscale with a size regime close to carbon fibers. Their BET surface areas of ≈282 m2 g-1 and ≈60 m2 g-1, respectively, greatly exceed values associated with carbon fibers and non-activated pyrolyzed bacterial cellulose and approximately on par with values for carbon black and CNTs in addition to pyrolyzed pinewood, rice husk, corn stover or olive mill waste. They also exhibit greater specific capacitance than both non-activated and activated pyrolyzed bacterial cellulose in addition to YP-50F (coconut shell based) commercial carbons. The high surface area and specific capacitance of fungal carbon coupled with the potential to tune these properties through species- and growth-environment-associated differences in network and filament morphology and inclusion of inorganic material through biomineralization makes them potentially useful in creating supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell P. Jones
- Institute of Materials Science and TechnologyFaculty of Mechanical and Industrial EngineeringTU WienGumpendorferstrasse 7, Objekt 8Vienna1060Austria
| | - Qixiang Jiang
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) GroupInstitute of Materials Chemistry and ResearchFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 42Vienna1090Austria
| | - Andreas Mautner
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) GroupInstitute of Materials Chemistry and ResearchFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 42Vienna1090Austria
- Institute for Environmental BiotechnologyDepartment IFAUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaKonrad‐Lorenz‐Straße 20Tulln an der Donau3430Austria
| | - Aida Naghilou
- Department of PlasticReconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryMedical University of ViennaSpitalgasse 23Vienna1090Austria
- Medical Systems Biophysics and BioengineeringLeiden Academic Centre for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeiden2333The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Prado‐Roller
- Department of Functional Materials and CatalysisFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 42Vienna1090Austria
| | - Marion Wolff
- Institute of Materials Science and TechnologyFaculty of Mechanical and Industrial EngineeringTU WienGumpendorferstrasse 7, Objekt 8Vienna1060Austria
| | - Thomas Koch
- Institute of Materials Science and TechnologyFaculty of Mechanical and Industrial EngineeringTU WienGumpendorferstrasse 7, Objekt 8Vienna1060Austria
| | - Vasiliki‐Maria Archodoulaki
- Institute of Materials Science and TechnologyFaculty of Mechanical and Industrial EngineeringTU WienGumpendorferstrasse 7, Objekt 8Vienna1060Austria
| | - Alexander Bismarck
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) GroupInstitute of Materials Chemistry and ResearchFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 42Vienna1090Austria
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Nesse AS, Jasinska A, Stoknes K, Aanrud SG, Risinggård KO, Kallenborn R, Sogn TA, Ali AM. Low uptake of pharmaceuticals in edible mushrooms grown in polluted biogas digestate. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 351:141169. [PMID: 38211789 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The uptake dynamics of two sulfonamide antibiotics, two fluoroquinolone antibiotics, and the anticonvulsant carbamazepine during the cultivation of two species of edible mushrooms (Agaricus subrufescens and A. bisporus) was investigated. None of the antibiotics were accumulated by the mushrooms, while carbamazepine and its transformation product carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide were taken up by A. bisporus fruiting body but only in small amounts (up to 0.76 and 1.85 μg kg-1 dry weight, respectively). The sulfonamides were quickly removed from the mushroom growth substrate, while the recalcitrant fluoroquinolones and carbamazepine were only partially removed. Dissipation half-lives were generally lower for A. subrufescens than A. bisporus, but A. subrufescens was also grown at a slightly higher culture temperature. A. subrufescens also showed a lower uptake of contaminants. Comparison of maximum dietary intake with other common exposure sources showed that these mushrooms can safely be eaten although produced on a polluted substrate, with respect to the investigated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid S Nesse
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Elizabeth Stephansensvei 31, 1433, Ås, Norway; Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Oluf Thesens Vei 43, 1433, Ås, Norway.
| | - Agnieszka Jasinska
- Lindum AS, Lerpeveien 155, 3036, Drammen, Norway; Poznan University of Life Sciences, Department of Vegetable Crops, Ul. J.H. Dabrowskiego 159, 60-594, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Stine Göransson Aanrud
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Elizabeth Stephansensvei 15, 1433, Ås, Norway
| | - Kristin Ogner Risinggård
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Elizabeth Stephansensvei 15, 1433, Ås, Norway
| | - Roland Kallenborn
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Chr. M. Falsens Vei 18, 1433, Aas, Norway
| | - Trine A Sogn
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Elizabeth Stephansensvei 31, 1433, Ås, Norway
| | - Aasim M Ali
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Chr. M. Falsens Vei 18, 1433, Aas, Norway; Institute of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, 5005, Bergen, Norway
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Tang Y, Zhai Q, Zhang Z, Lu Z, Li R, Zhang H. Exploration of the biodegradation pathway and enhanced removal of imazethapyr from soil by immobilized Bacillus marcorestinctum YN1. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 351:141178. [PMID: 38218236 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Excessive or inappropriate applications of imazethapyr cause severe ecological deteriorations and health risks in human. A novel bacterial strain, i.e., Bacillus marcorestinctum YN1, was isolated to efficiently degrade imazethapyr, with the degradation pathways and intermediates predicted. Protein mass spectrometry analysis identified enzymes in strain YN1 potentially involved in imazethapyr biodegradation, including methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, carbon-nitrogen family hydrolase, heme degrading monooxygenase, and cytochrome P450. The strain YN1 was further immobilized with biochar (BC600) prepared from mushroom waste (i.e., spent mushroom substrate) by pyrolysis at 600 °C to evaluate its degrading characteristics of imazethapyr. Scanning electron microscope observation showed that strain YN1 was adsorbed in the rich pore structure of BC600 and the adsorption efficiency reached the maximum level of 88.02% in 6 h. Both energy dispersive X-ray and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses showed that BC600 contained many elements and functional groups. The results of liquid chromatography showed that biochar-immobilized strain YN1 (IBC-YN1) improved the degradation rate of imazethapyr from 79.2% to 87.4%. The degradation rate of imazethapyr by IBC-YN1 could still reach 81.0% in the third recycle, while the bacterial survival rate was 67.73% after 180 d storage at 4 °C. The treatment of IBC-YN1 significantly shortened the half-life of imazethapyr in non-sterilized soil from 35.51 to 11.36 d, and the vegetative growth of imazethapyr sensitive crop plant (i.e., Cucumis sativus L.) was significantly increased in soil remediated, showing that the inhibition rate of root length and fresh weight were decreased by 12.45% and 38.49% respectively. This study exhanced our understanding of microbial catabolism of imazethapyr, and provided a potential in situ remediation strategy for improving the soil environment polluted by imazethapyr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Tang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Qianhang Zhai
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Zhengyi Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Zhou Lu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Ginseng and Antler Products (Changchun), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs of PR China, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Ranhong Li
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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10
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Tang Q, Liu W, Huang H, Peng Z, Deng L. Responses of Crop Yield, Soil Fertility, and Heavy Metals to Spent Mushroom Residues Application. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:663. [PMID: 38475509 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Waste mushroom residues are often returned to fields as organic amendments. Here, we estimated the effects of the continuous applications of different spent mushroom substrates for 2 years on crop yields, soil nutrients, and heavy metals in paddy fields. The study comprised seven treatments: no fertilization (CK) and mineral NPK fertilizer (CF), as well as NPK fertilizer combined with Enoki mushroom residue (EMR50), Oyster mushroom residue (OMR50), Auricularia polytricha mushroom residue (APR50), Shiitake mushroom residue (SMR50), and Agaricus bisporus residue (ABR50). The grain yield was highest under the APR50 treatment. The short-term application of waste mushroom residue significantly increased SOC, TN, TP, and TK content relative to the CK treatment. The SOC, TP, and TK were highest under ABR50. Both total Cr and Cd contents were highest under CF treatment. The highest cumulative ecological risk was observed under OMR50 treatment. In addition, crop yield was positively correlated with SOC, TN, TP, and TP. Our results highlight that further research and innovation are needed to optimize the benefits and overcome the challenges of mushroom residue application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Tang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Weijia Liu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Agricultural Bioenvironment and Energy, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Han Huang
- College of Economics and Management, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Zhaohui Peng
- Institute of Agricultural Bioenvironment and Energy, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liangji Deng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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11
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Suresh AR, Alphonse Mani AS, Muthuvelu KS. Investigation of pre-treatment techniques on spent substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus for enhanced biobutanol production using Clostridium acetobutylicum MTCC 11274. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130228. [PMID: 38128888 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Addressing global energy demand, researchers sought eco-friendly biobutanol production from lignocellulosic waste biomass. In the present research work, five different pre-treatment methods viz., Microwave, Ultrasound, Alkali, Acid, and Hybrid, were investigated to explore its biobutanol production potential by utilizing Pleurotus ostreatus spent as substrate. The compositional and physico-chemical changes of the pre-treated Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) were assessed using SEM, FTIR, and XRD. Hybrid pre-treatment (Microwave, Alkali, Ultrasound) showed higher delignification when compared to conventional pre-treatment method. Hybrid pre-treated SMS resulted in higher total reducing sugars (521.53 ± 1.84 mg/g) than indigenous SMS (267.89 ± 1.53 mg/g). Fermentation of hybrid pre-treated SMS with Clostridium acetobutylicum MTCC 11274 produced the highest biobutanol concentration (9.84 ± 0.03 g/L) and yielded 0.38 ± 0.02 g/g of biobutanol. This study revealed that hybrid pre-treatment could be a promising solution for enhanced biobutanol production using SMS biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Raj Suresh
- Bioprocess and Bioproducts Special Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode 638 401, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Anitha Shalini Alphonse Mani
- Bioprocess and Bioproducts Special Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode 638 401, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Kirupa Sankar Muthuvelu
- Bioprocess and Bioproducts Special Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode 638 401, Tamilnadu, India.
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12
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Wang Z, Li J, Liu G, Li C. Biochar obtained from alkaline earth metal-treated mushroom residue: Thermal behavior and methyl orange adsorption capability. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119669. [PMID: 38048710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
To achieve the resource utilization of edible fungi residue and obtain efficient adsorbents for treating dyeing wastewater, biochars were prepared from mushroom residue (MR) with the introduction of alkaline-earth metals (AEMs) and used for methyl orange (MO) wastewater treatment. The thermal behavior of the AEM-treated MR was analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis. The physicochemical properties of the biochars obtained from AEM-treated MR (MRCs) were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, laser particle size analyzer, N2 adsorption/desorption, and scanning electron microscopy. The adsorption performance of MRCs on MO was also investigated. The involvement of AEMs was found to obviously move the main pyrolysis zone of MR to a low temperature region and reduce the temperature corresponding to the maximum weight loss rate and activation energy, which is highly dependent on the concentration of AEMs, the anion and cationic species of the AEMs. Moreover, the addition of AEMs resulted in a decrease in oxygen-containing functional groups (-OH, CO, or C-O), a weakening of surface negative charges, an enhancement in aromatic functional groups, and an increase in specific surface area of the MRCs. The adsorption performance of MO on MRCs was significantly improved with the introduction of AEMs as well. Among them, MR pre-treated with 5 mmol/g MgCl2 (MR-MgCl2-5) shows the lowest temperature corresponding to the maximum weight loss rate and the lowest activation energy of 278.52 °C and 4.28 kJ/mol, respectively. The biochar prepared from MR-MgCl2-5 under 400 °C (MR-MgCl2-5-400C) has the weakest surface negative charge and the highest adsorption capacity for MO. The adsorption isotherms, adsorption kinetics, and thermodynamic analysis results showed that the adsorption of MO on MR-MgCl2-5-400C was a spontaneous, chemically dominant monolayer adsorption, with a theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of 81.30 mg/g. This study suggests that AEMs treatment, especially with 5 mmol/g MgCl2, can readily transform edible fungi residue into a low-cost, high-efficient dyeing wastewater adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanghong Wang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Green and Low-carbon Technology for Plastic Application, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China.
| | - Jiale Li
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Guofu Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, PR China
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13
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Timm TG, Amâncio BR, Loregian KE, Magnani E, Helm CV, de Lima EA, Marcondes MI, Branco RH, de Paula EM, Benedeti PDB, Tavares LBB. Peach palm shells (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) bioconversion by Lentinula edodes: Potential as new bioproducts for beef cattle feeding. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130292. [PMID: 38185450 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
This paper aims to develop and assess the in vitro effects on ruminal fermentation and greenhouse gas parameters of new bioproducts for beef cattle diets, carried out by solid-state fermentation of peach palm shells colonized by Lentinula edodes (SSF) and after Shiitake mushroom cultivation in axenic blocks (SMS). In vitro experiments were performed to assess the in vitro gas production, digestibility, and fiber degradation of formulated total diets. Bioproducts presented high β-glucans (9.44---11.27 %) and protein (10.04---8.35 %) contents, as well as similar digestibility to conventional diets. SMS diet had the lowest methane and carbon dioxide (19.1 and 84.1 mM/g OM) production, and the SSF diet presented lower carbon dioxide production (98.9 mM/g OM) than other diets, whereas methane was similar. This study highlighted a sustainable use of byproducts for beef cattle diets, promising for digestibility, nutritional value, β-glucans incorporation, and environmental impact mitigation, favoring the circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaynã Gonçalves Timm
- Regional University of Blumenau, Environmental Engineering Graduate Program, Blumenau, Santa Catarina 89030-000, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Roberta Amâncio
- Institute of Animal Science, Beef Cattle Research Center, Sertãozinho, São Paulo 14160-970, Brazil.
| | - Kalista Eloisa Loregian
- Institute of Animal Science, Beef Cattle Research Center, Sertãozinho, São Paulo 14160-970, Brazil.
| | - Elaine Magnani
- Institute of Animal Science, Beef Cattle Research Center, Sertãozinho, São Paulo 14160-970, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane Vieira Helm
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Research Center of Forestry, Embrapa Florestas, Colombo, Paraná 83411-000, Brazil.
| | - Edson Alves de Lima
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Research Center of Forestry, Embrapa Florestas, Colombo, Paraná 83411-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Renata Helena Branco
- Institute of Animal Science, Beef Cattle Research Center, Sertãozinho, São Paulo 14160-970, Brazil.
| | | | - Pedro Del Bianco Benedeti
- Santa Catarina State University, Department of Animal Sciences, Chapecó, Santa Catarina 89815-630, Brazil.
| | - Lorena Benathar Ballod Tavares
- Regional University of Blumenau, Environmental Engineering Graduate Program, Blumenau, Santa Catarina 89030-000, Brazil.
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14
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Long Y, Xiao W, Zhao Y, Yuan C, Wang D, Yang Y, Su C, Paengkoum P, Han Y. Effects of Flammulina velutipes mushroom residues on growth performance, apparent digestibility, serum biochemical indicators, rumen fermentation and microbial of Guizhou black goat. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1347853. [PMID: 38328420 PMCID: PMC10848151 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1347853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The primary objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of Flammulina velutipes mushroom residue (FVMR) in a fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) diet on the fattening effect and rumen microorganisms in Guizhou black male goats. Methods A total of 22 Guizhou black male goats were allocated into two groups using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) experimental design. The average initial weight was 22.41 ± 0.90 kg and with 11 goats in each group. The control group (group I) was fed the traditional fermentation total mixed ration (FTMR) diet without FVMR. Group II was fed the 30% FVMR in the FTMR diet. Results The results showed that compared with group I, the addition of FVMR in the goat diet could reduce the feed cost and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of group II (p < 0.01). Notably, the apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and dry matter (DM) were higher in group II (p < 0.01). The levels of growth hormone (GH), immunoglobulin A (IgA), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) in group II were higher than that of group I (p < 0.01), which the level of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (ALT) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was noticeably lower than that of group I (p < 0.01). 30% FVMR in FTMR diets had no effect on rumen fermentation parameters and microbial composition at the phylum level of Guizhou black male goats (p > 0.05). However, at the genus level, the relative abundance of bacteroidal_bs11_gut_group, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and Desulfovibrio in group II was lower than in group I (p < 0.05), and the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_ND3007_group was higher than in group I (p < 0.01). Discussion In conclusion, the results of the current study indicated that 30% FVMR in the FTMR diet improves rumen fermentation and rumen microbial composition in Guizhou black male goats, which improves growth performance, apparent digestibility, and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Long
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Wen Xiao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yanpin Zhao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Defeng Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Chaozhi Su
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Pramote Paengkoum
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Yong Han
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
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15
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Bombardi L, Salini A, Aulitto M, Zuliani L, Andreolli M, Bordoli P, Coltro A, Vitulo N, Zaccone C, Lampis S, Fusco S. Lignocellulolytic Potential of Microbial Consortia Isolated from a Local Biogas Plant: The Case of Thermostable Xylanases Secreted by Mesophilic Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1090. [PMID: 38256164 PMCID: PMC10816813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulose biomasses (LCB), including spent mushroom substrate (SMS), pose environmental challenges if not properly managed. At the same time, these renewable resources hold immense potential for biofuel and chemicals production. With the mushroom market growth expected to amplify SMS quantities, repurposing or disposal strategies are critical. This study explores the use of SMS for cultivating microbial communities to produce carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). Addressing a research gap in using anaerobic digesters for enriching microbiomes feeding on SMS, this study investigates microbial diversity and secreted CAZymes under varied temperatures (37 °C, 50 °C, and 70 °C) and substrates (SMS as well as pure carboxymethylcellulose, and xylan). Enriched microbiomes demonstrated temperature-dependent preferences for cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin degradation, supported by thermal and elemental analyses. Enzyme assays confirmed lignocellulolytic enzyme secretion correlating with substrate degradation trends. Notably, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC), emerged as a rapid approach for saccharification potential determination of LCB. Microbiomes isolated at mesophilic temperature secreted thermophilic hemicellulases exhibiting robust stability and superior enzymatic activity compared to commercial enzymes, aligning with biorefinery conditions. PCR-DGGE and metagenomic analyses showcased dynamic shifts in microbiome composition and functional potential based on environmental conditions, impacting CAZyme abundance and diversity. The meta-functional analysis emphasised the role of CAZymes in biomass transformation, indicating microbial strategies for lignocellulose degradation. Temperature and substrate specificity influenced the degradative potential, highlighting the complexity of environmental-microbial interactions. This study demonstrates a temperature-driven microbial selection for lignocellulose degradation, unveiling thermophilic xylanases with industrial promise. Insights gained contribute to optimizing enzyme production and formulating efficient biomass conversion strategies. Understanding microbial consortia responses to temperature and substrate variations elucidates bioconversion dynamics, emphasizing tailored strategies for harnessing their biotechnological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bombardi
- Biochemistry and Industrial Biotechnology (BIB) Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (L.Z.); (P.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Andrea Salini
- Biochemistry and Industrial Biotechnology (BIB) Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (L.Z.); (P.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Martina Aulitto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Luca Zuliani
- Biochemistry and Industrial Biotechnology (BIB) Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (L.Z.); (P.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Marco Andreolli
- Lab of Environmental Microbiology & VUCC-DBT Verona University Culture Collection, Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.A.); (S.L.)
| | - Paola Bordoli
- Biochemistry and Industrial Biotechnology (BIB) Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (L.Z.); (P.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Annalaura Coltro
- Biochemistry and Industrial Biotechnology (BIB) Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (L.Z.); (P.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Nicola Vitulo
- Computational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Claudio Zaccone
- Lab of Soil and Biomass Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Silvia Lampis
- Lab of Environmental Microbiology & VUCC-DBT Verona University Culture Collection, Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.A.); (S.L.)
| | - Salvatore Fusco
- Biochemistry and Industrial Biotechnology (BIB) Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (L.Z.); (P.B.); (A.C.)
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16
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Lee T, Choi D, Park J, Tsang YF, Andrew Lin KY, Jung S, Kwon EE. Valorizing spent mushroom substrate into syngas by the thermo-chemical process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 391:130007. [PMID: 37952593 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the conversion of agricultural biomass waste (specifically, spent mushroom substrate) into syngas via pyrolysis. Carbon dioxide was used to provide a green/sustainable feature in the pyrolysis process. All the experimental data highlight the mechanistic role of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the process, demonstrated by the enhanced carbon monoxide (CO) yield from pyrolysis under CO2. Carbon dioxide was indeed reactive at ≥ 500 ˚C. Carbon dioxide was reduced and subsequently oxidized volatiles stemming from the thermolysis of spent mushroom substrate via the gas-phase reaction, thereby resulting in the enhanced formation of CO. Carbon dioxide radically diverted the carbon distribution patterns of the pyrogenic products, as more carbon in the oil was allocated to syngas by the gas-phase reaction of volatiles and CO2. To enhance the mechanistic role of CO2, a Ni-based catalyst was added to the pyrolysis process, which greatly accelerated the gas-phase reaction of volatiles and CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewoo Lee
- Department of Earth Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Choi
- Department of Earth Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghyun Park
- Department of Earth Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiu Fai Tsang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies and State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Kun-Yi Andrew Lin
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Environmental Engineering & Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sungyup Jung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Earth Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Baptista F, Campos J, Costa-Silva V, Pinto AR, Saavedra MJ, Ferreira LM, Rodrigues M, Barros AN. Nutraceutical Potential of Lentinula edodes' Spent Mushroom Substrate: A Comprehensive Study on Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Antibacterial Effects. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1200. [PMID: 38132800 PMCID: PMC10744564 DOI: 10.3390/jof9121200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lentinula edodes, commonly known as shiitake mushroom, is renowned for its potential health advantages. This research delves into the often-overlooked by-product of shiitake cultivation, namely spent mushroom substrate (SMS), to explore its nutraceutical properties. The SMS samples were collected and subjected to different extraction methods, namely short or long agitation, and ultrasound-assisted extractions using different temperatures and distilled water or a 50% (v/v) ethanol as solvents. The extracts were tested for phenolic content (total phenols, ortho-diphenols, and flavonoids), antioxidant capacity (DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl; ABTS, 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid; and FRAP, ferric reducing antioxidant power), and antibacterial activity. The different extraction methods revealed substantial variations (p < 0.05) in phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity. The highest phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were achieved using 24 h extraction, agitation, 50 °C, and ethanol as the solvent. Furthermore, the extracted compounds displayed antibacterial activity in specific tested bacterial strains. This study highlights the nutraceutical potential of L. edodes' SMS, positioning it as a valuable dietary supplement for animal nutrition, with emphasis on its prebiotic properties. Hence, this research unveils the promising health benefits of SMS in both human and animal nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Baptista
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.R.P.); (M.J.S.); (L.M.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Joana Campos
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.R.P.); (M.J.S.); (L.M.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Valéria Costa-Silva
- CECAV—Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Ana Rita Pinto
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.R.P.); (M.J.S.); (L.M.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Maria José Saavedra
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.R.P.); (M.J.S.); (L.M.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Luis Mendes Ferreira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.R.P.); (M.J.S.); (L.M.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Miguel Rodrigues
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.R.P.); (M.J.S.); (L.M.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Ana Novo Barros
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.R.P.); (M.J.S.); (L.M.F.); (M.R.)
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18
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Martín C, Zervakis GI, Xiong S, Koutrotsios G, Strætkvern KO. Spent substrate from mushroom cultivation: exploitation potential toward various applications and value-added products. Bioengineered 2023; 14:2252138. [PMID: 37670430 PMCID: PMC10484051 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2252138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is the residual biomass generated after harvesting the fruitbodies of edible/medicinal fungi. Disposal of SMS, the main by-product of the mushroom cultivation process, often leads to serious environmental problems and is financially demanding. Efficient recycling and valorization of SMS are crucial for the sustainable development of the mushroom industry in the frame of the circular economy principles. The physical properties and chemical composition of SMS are a solid fundament for developing several applications, and recent literature shows an increasing research interest in exploiting that inherent potential. This review provides a thorough outlook on SMS exploitation possibilities and discusses critically recent findings related to specific applications in plant and mushroom cultivation, animal husbandry, and recovery of enzymes and bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martín
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Shaojun Xiong
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Knut Olav Strætkvern
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
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Östbring K, Lager I, Chagas JCC, Ramin M, Ahlström C, Hultberg M. Use of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) for increased circularity and valorization of rapeseed residues. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118742. [PMID: 37573696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
In Europe, rapeseed is a common oilseed crop, resulting in the production of 20 million tons of rapeseed press cake yearly. This press cake can be further upcycled and a protein fraction can be extracted for food purposes, leaving de-proteinized fiber-rich residues. This study examined the use of these residues in the production of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) and of the spent substrate as feed, since mushroom cultivation may improve the feed properties of substrate. In terms of mushroom production, the addition of rapeseed press residues was beneficial, giving significantly higher biological efficiency (BE = 93.1 ± 11.0%) compared with the control, sugar beet pulp substrate (70.0 ± 6.6%). This increase in productivity can most likely be explained by higher energy content in the substrate supplemented with lipid-rich rapeseed residues. Despite differences in BE between the substrates, high similarity was observed in lipid composition of the fruiting bodies (lipid profile dominated by linoleic acid (18:2), palmitic acid (16:0), and oleic acid (18:1)), and in protein and moisture content. After mushroom harvest, approximately 70% of the initial dry weight of both substrates remained as a possible feed source. Both substrates had significantly lower levels of carbohydrates and unchanged neutral detergent fiber content after mushroom harvest, and both gave lower in vitro digestibility, total gas production, and methane production. However, protein concentration differed between the substrates, with the highest concentration (15.8% of dry weight) found in spent substrate containing rapeseed press residues. The result of the present study suggests that the de-proteinized rapeseed press residue is a resource well-suited for use in the production of mushrooms and feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Östbring
- Department of Food Technology Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Ida Lager
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Växtskyddsvägen 1, SE-234 56, Alnarp, Sweden
| | | | - Mohammad Ramin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Ahlström
- Department of Food Technology Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Malin Hultberg
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Växtskyddsvägen 3, SE-234 56, Alnarp, Sweden.
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Baptista F, Almeida M, Paié-Ribeiro J, Barros AN, Rodrigues M. Unlocking the Potential of Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) for Enhanced Agricultural Sustainability: From Environmental Benefits to Poultry Nutrition. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1948. [PMID: 37895329 PMCID: PMC10608327 DOI: 10.3390/life13101948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this comprehensive review, we delve into the myriad applications of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) in agricultural contexts, with a particular emphasis on its role in fostering sustainable poultry production. Our examination spans three key domains: the use of SMS in fertilizers, its impact on environmental factors and gas emissions, and its contribution to poultry nutrition. This review synthesizes findings from multiple studies that underscore the potential of composted SMS as a viable alternative to conventional inorganic fertilizers, effectively meeting crop nutrient needs while mitigating groundwater contamination risks. Moreover, we highlight the substantial environmental advantages associated with the utilization of SMS and poultry waste, including reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and the promotion of sustainable waste management practices. Additionally, we explore the promising outcomes of integrating SMS into animal feed formulations, which have demonstrated significant enhancements in livestock growth performance and overall health. In sum, this review underscores the versatility and untapped potential of SMS as a valuable agricultural resource, with a particular focus on its role in advancing sustainable practices, optimizing nutrient management, and harnessing the value of organic waste materials, especially in the context of poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Baptista
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.N.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Mariana Almeida
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (M.A.); (J.P.-R.)
| | - Jéssica Paié-Ribeiro
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (M.A.); (J.P.-R.)
| | - Ana Novo Barros
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.N.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Miguel Rodrigues
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.N.B.); (M.R.)
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Li J, Pu T, Wang Z, Liu T. Thermal Behavior and Pyrolysis Kinetics of Mushroom Residue with the Introduction of Waste Plastics. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3824. [PMID: 37765678 PMCID: PMC10534543 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Co-pyrolysis is considered a very promising technology for the treatment of solid wastes as it can rapidly realize the volume reduction of raw materials and obtain high value-added products. To realize the resource utilization of newly emerging solid wastes in relation to edible fungi residue and waste plastics, mushroom residue (MR), a representative of edible fungi residue, was co-pyrolyzed with waste plastic bags (PE), waste plastic lunch boxes (PP), and waste plastic bottles (PET). The thermal behavior and pyrolysis kinetics of the mixtures were investigated. It was found that the softening of the plastics in the mixtures led to an increase in the initial pyrolysis temperature of MR by 2-27 °C, while the pyrolytic intermediates of MR could greatly promote the decomposition of the plastics, resulting in a decrease in the initial pyrolysis temperatures of PE, PP, and PET in the mixtures by 25, 8, and 16 °C, respectively. The mixture of MR and PE (MR/PE) under different mixture ratios showed good synergies, causing the pyrolysis peaks attributed to MR and PE to both move towards the lower temperature region relative to those of individual samples. The increase in heating rate led to enhanced thermal hysteresis of the reaction between MR and PE. The strength of the interaction between plastics and MR based on mass variation was subject to the order PE > PP > PET. The pyrolysis activation energies of MR, PE, PP, and PET calculated from kinetic analysis were 6.18, 119.05, 84.30, and 74.38 kJ/mol, respectively. The activation energies assigned to MR and plastics were both reduced as plastics were introduced to co-pyrolyze with MR, indicating that MR and plastics have a good interaction in the co-pyrolysis process. This study provides theoretical and experimental guidance for the resource utilization of agricultural solid wastes via thermochemical conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Li
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tao Pu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhanghong Wang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green and Low-Carbon Technology for Plastic Application, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Taoze Liu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green and Low-Carbon Technology for Plastic Application, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
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De Cianni R, Varese GC, Mancuso T. A Further Step toward Sustainable Development: The Case of the Edible Mushroom Supply Chain. Foods 2023; 12:3433. [PMID: 37761142 PMCID: PMC10528148 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study provides an accurate economic characterization of the supply of edible mushrooms throughout Italy within the European context to fill the relevant research gap and highlight barriers and opportunities that are consistent with the Sustainable Development Goals. Italian companies operating in this field were identified and economically characterized using the Chamber of Commerce's Register of Companies. A qualitative web content analysis was then conducted to extract information about the marketed products, mushroom species, and retail channels, as well as the adopted certifications. The obtained data were quantitatively analyzed through descriptive statistics and multiple correspondence analysis. The Italian market is concentrated in northern areas of the country, and the limited company size indicates fragmentation at the production level, which led to Italy not being competitive enough and, thus, heavily rely on imports. Production is limited to less than 10 species, and innovative mushroom-based products, such as burgers, have shown a limited presence on the market, although they are gaining market share online. The novelty of growing kits highlights the potential to use food production waste to create fungal substrates. Investments in training new mushroom growers and studying new formulations and new fungal species are needed; these investments could allow greater market differentiation and be a good opportunity to promote local economies and create new job opportunities, thus meeting the requirements for sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele De Cianni
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Cristina Varese
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Viale Pier Andrea Mattioli, 25, 10125 Torino, Italy;
| | - Teresina Mancuso
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;
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Guan TK, Wang QY, Li JS, Yan HW, Chen QJ, Sun J, Liu CJ, Han YY, Zou YJ, Zhang GQ. Biochar immobilized plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria enhanced the physicochemical properties, agronomic characters and microbial communities during lettuce seedling. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1218205. [PMID: 37476665 PMCID: PMC10354297 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1218205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is the by-products of mushroom production, which is mainly composed of disintegrated lignocellulosic biomass, mushroom mycelia and some minerals. The huge output and the lack of effective utilization methods make SMS becoming a serious environmental problem. In order to improve the application of SMS and SMS derived biochar (SBC), composted SMS (CSMS), SBC, combined plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR, Bacillus subtilis BUABN-01 and Arthrobacter pascens BUAYN-122) and SBC immobilized PGPR (BCP) were applied in the lettuce seedling. Seven substrate treatments were used, including (1) CK, commercial control; (2) T1, CSMS based blank control; (3) T2, T1 with combined PGPR (9:1, v/v); (4) T3, T1 with SBC (19:1, v/v); (5) T4, T1 with SBC (9:1, v/v); (6) T5, T1 with BCP (19:1, v/v); (7) T6, T1 with BCP (9:1, v/v). The physicochemical properties of substrate, agronomic and physicochemical properties of lettuce and rhizospheric bacterial and fungal communities were investigated. The addition of SBC and BCP significantly (p < 0.05) improved the total nitrogen and available potassium content. The 5% (v/v) BCP addiction treatment (T5) represented the highest fresh weight of aboveground and underground, leave number, chlorophyll content and leaf anthocyanin content, and the lowest root malondialdehyde content. Moreover, high throughput sequencing revealed that the biochar immobilization enhanced the adaptability of PGPR. The addition of PGPR, SBC and BCP significantly enriched the unique bacterial biomarkers. The co-occurrence network analysis revealed that 5% BCP greatly increased the network complexity of rhizospheric microorganisms and improved the correlations of the two PGPR with other microorganisms. Furthermore, microbial functional prediction indicated that BCP enhanced the nutrient transport of rhizospheric microorganisms. This study showed the BCP can increase the agronomic properties of lettuce and improve the rhizospheric microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti-Kun Guan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Ying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jia-Shu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Wen Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Jun Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao-Jie Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Yan Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Jie Zou
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Qin K, Li J, Yang W, Wang Z, Zhang H. Role of minerals in mushroom residue on its adsorption capability to Cd(II) from aqueous solution. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138290. [PMID: 36870617 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To explore the influence of mineral components in bio-sorbent on its adsorption capability towards heavy metal ions, the physicochemical properties of original mushroom residue (UMR) and that treated by an acid solution to remove its minerals (AMR) were comparatively analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR). Then, the adsorption performance of UMR and AMR for Cd(II) as well as the potential adsorption mechanism were investigated. Results show that UMR contains abundant K, Na, Ca and Mg, with the contents of 245.35, 50.18, 1390.63 and 29.84 mmol kg-1, respectively. Acid treatment (AMR) results in the removal of most of the mineral components, exposing more pore structures and increasing the specific surface area by about 7 times to 20.45 m2 g-1. The adsorption performance of UMR is significantly better than that of AMR when they are employed to purify a Cd(II)-contained aqueous solution. The theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of UMR calculated by Langmuir model is 75.74 mg g-1, which is about 22 times of that of AMR. Moreover, the adsorption of Cd(II) on UMR reaches an equilibrium at about 0.5 h, while the adsorption equilibrium of AMR takes more than 2 h. The mechanism analysis shows that 86.41% of the adsorption of Cd(II) on UMR can be attributed to ion exchange and precipitation caused by mineral components (especially for K, Na, Ca and Mg). The adsorption of Cd(II) on AMR mainly depends on the interactions between Cd(II) and surface functional groups, electrostatic interaction and pore-filling. The study indicates that those bio-solid wastes with abundant mineral components can be potentially developed as low-cost and high-efficient adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Qin
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Jiale Li
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Wenchao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Guangling College and School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhanghong Wang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, PR China; Research Center of Solid Waste Pollution Control and Recycling, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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25
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Biosorption of methylene blue by residue from Lentinus crinitus mushroom cultivation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:110. [PMID: 36905533 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03562-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Conventional textile effluent treatments cannot remove methylene blue, a mutagenic azo dye, and an endocrine disruptor, that remains in the drinking water after conventional water treatment. However, the spent substrate from Lentinus crinitus mushroom cultivation, a waste, could be an attractive alternative to remove persistent azo dyes in water. The objective of this study was to assess the methylene blue biosorption by spent substrate from L. crinitus mushroom cultivation. The spent substrate obtained after mushroom cultivation had been characterized by the point of zero charge, functional groups, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the spent substrate biosorption capacity was determined in function of pH, time, and temperature. The spent substrate had a point of zero charge value of 4.3 and biosorbed 99% of methylene blue in pH from 3 to 9, with the highest biosorption in the kinetic assay of 15.92 mg g- 1, and in the isothermal assay of 120.31 mg g- 1. Biosorption reached equilibrium at 40 min after mixing and best fitted the pseudo-second-order model. Freundlich model best fitted the isothermal parameters and each 100 g spent substrate biosorbed 12 g dye in an aqueous solution. The spent substrate of L. crinitus cultivation is an effective biosorbent of methylene blue and an alternative to removing this dye from water, adding value to the mushroom production chain, and supporting the circular economy.
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Vasilakis G, Rigos EM, Giannakis N, Diamantopoulou P, Papanikolaou S. Spent Mushroom Substrate Hydrolysis and Utilization as Potential Alternative Feedstock for Anaerobic Co-Digestion. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020532. [PMID: 36838496 PMCID: PMC9964826 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Valorization of lignocellulosic biomass, such as Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS), as an alternative substrate for biogas production could meet the increasing demand for energy. In view of this, the present study aimed at the biotechnological valorization of SMS for biogas production. In the first part of the study, two SMS chemical pretreatment processes were investigated and subsequently combined with thermal treatment of the mentioned waste streams. The acidic chemical hydrolysate derived from the hydrothermal treatment, which yielded in the highest concentration of free sugars (≈36 g/100 g dry SMS, hydrolysis yield ≈75% w/w of holocellulose), was used as a potential feedstock for biomethane production in a laboratory bench-scale improvised digester, and 52 L biogas/kg of volatile solids (VS) containing 65% methane were produced in a 15-day trial of anaerobic digestion. As regards the alkaline hydrolysate, it was like a pulp due to the lignocellulosic matrix disruption, without releasing additional sugars, and the biogas production was delayed for several days. The biogas yield value was 37 L/kg VS, and the methane content was 62%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that SMS can be valorized as an alternative medium employed for anaerobic digestion when pretreated with both chemical and hydrothermal hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Vasilakis
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos-Markos Rigos
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Giannakis
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Diamantopoulou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “Dimitra”, 1 Sofokli Venizelou Str., 14123 Lykovryssi, Greece
| | - Seraphim Papanikolaou
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
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Extraction and utilization of active substances from edible fungi substrate and residue: A review. Food Chem 2023; 398:133872. [PMID: 35964566 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of the edible fungi industry has resulted in the production of large amounts of edible fungus residues, causing great pressure on environmental protection.Therefore, research on edible fungus residue utilization has become a controversial issue. Thus far, numerous efforts have been devoted to separate active substances from edible fungus substrates and residues for high application value utilization. Building upon this, the main methods for extracting active substances from edible mushroom residues are reviewed, and the mechanisms, influencing factors, and trade-offs of the various methods are analysed. Furthermore, the existing and possible directions of utilization of the extracted active substances are reviewed and discussed. Finally, challenges and prospects for the extraction and utilization of different substances in edible fungus residues are proposed. This review provides an effective strategy for protecting the ecological environment and promoting the sustainable development of human society.
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Leong YK, Varjani S, Lee DJ, Chang JS. Valorization of spent mushroom substrate for low-carbon biofuel production: Recent advances and developments. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:128012. [PMID: 36155811 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to the nutritional values and functional bioactivities of mushrooms, the global market value of the edible mushroom industry has been growing steadily. However, the production of 1 kg of fresh mushroom generates about 5 kg of wet byproducts (known as spent mushroom substrate; SMS). This necessitates proper waste management to mitigate potential environmental threats. Embracing the "waste-to-fuel" concept, SMS as lignocellulosic waste can serve as cheap and abundant feedstock for the production of a variety of biofuels, including biogas, biohydrogen, bioethanol, bio-oil, and solid-biofuels. Mushroom cultivation serves as efficient biological pretreatment for biofuel production, promoting biofuel yield and improving the overall economy. Therefore, integrated mushroom cultivation and biofuel production can simultaneously satisfy the rapidly rising food and energy demand. The article systematically reviewed the recycling and re-utilization of SMS in sustainable biofuel production, discussing the possible challenges and proposing future directions for the green development of the mushroom industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoong Kit Leong
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar - 382 010, Gujarat, India
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tang, Hong Kong
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li 32003, Taiwan.
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29
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Ruangjanda S, Iwai CB, Greff B, Chang SW, Ravindran B. Valorization of spent mushroom substrate in combination with agro-residues to improve the nutrient and phytohormone contents of vermicompost. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113771. [PMID: 35798270 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, enormous amounts of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) have been generated because of the rapid development of mushroom production. Since the conventional disposal methods of these residues can cause serious environmental problems, alternative waste management techniques are required to ensure sustainable agriculture. However, SMS might be not suitable for vermicomposting when used alone. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Azolla microphylla (Azolla) biomass, eggshells, fruit peels, and cassava pulp on the biodegradation process of SMS. The results showed the treatments supplemented with cassava pulp and fruit peel waste improved the growth of earthworms, while the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of these vermicomposts decreased significantly (p < 0.05) due to the improved total nitrogen contents (7.64 g kg-1 and 6.71 g kg-1). Concerning the degradation process and the vermicompost quality, the addition of these agro-residues facilitated the enzyme activities (cellulase, urease, and alkaline phosphatase) and increased the total macronutrient (P, K, Mg, and Ca) and phytohormone (fruit peel waste: AA, GA3, and cytokinin; cassava pulp: cytokinin) contents of the final products compared to the control treatment. On the other hand, Azolla had no additional effect on the fecundity and growth of Eudrilus eugenia. Meanwhile, the treatment supplemented with eggshells was high in Mg (7.15 g kg-1) and Ca (305.6 g kg-1). Overall, the combined decomposition of SMS-based bedding material with Azolla, eggshells, fruit peel waste, and cassava pulp resulted in mature organic fertilizers with improved chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supawadee Ruangjanda
- Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai
- Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Integrated Land and Water Resource Management Research and Development Center in Northeast Thailand, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.
| | - Babett Greff
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Széchenyi István University, 15-17 Lucsony Street, 9200 Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy & Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16227, South Korea
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy & Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16227, South Korea; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kwiatkowska E, Joniec J. Effects of Agricultural Management of Spent Mushroom Waste on Phytotoxicity and Microbiological Transformations of C, P, and S in Soil and Their Consequences for the Greenhouse Effect. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912915. [PMID: 36232214 PMCID: PMC9565085 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The huge volumes of currently generated agricultural waste pose a challenge to the economy of the 21st century. One of the directions for their reuse may be as fertilizer. Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) could become an alternative to manure (M). A three-year field experiment was carried out, in which the purpose was to test and compare the effect of SMS alone, as well as in multiple variants with mineral fertilization, and in manure with a variety of soil quality indices-such as enzymatic activity, soil phytotoxicity, and greenhouse gas emissions, i.e., CO2. The use of SMS resulted in significant stimulation of respiratory and dehydrogenase activity. Inhibition of acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase activity via SMS was recorded. SMS showed varying effects on soil phytotoxicity, dependent on time. A positive effect was noted for the growth index (GI), while inhibition of root growth was observed in the first two years of the experiment. The effect of M on soil respiratory and dehydrogenase activity was significantly weaker compared to SMS. Therefore, M is a safer fertilizer as it does not cause a significant persistent increase in CO2 emissions. Changes in the phytotoxicity parameters of the soil fertilized with manure, however, showed a similar trend as in the soil fertilized with SMS.
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Du B, Xuan H, Geng L, Li W, Zhang J, Xiang W, Liu R, Shu C. Microflora for improving the Auricularia auricula spent mushroom substrate for Protaetia brevitarsis production. iScience 2022; 25:105307. [PMID: 36300006 PMCID: PMC9589201 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushroom cultivation is a sustainable agricultural waste utilization method, but the lack of high-value utilization of the produced spent mushroom substrate (SMS) has hindered the development of mushroom cultivation-based circular agricultural systems. Conversion and utilization of SMS via Protaetia brevitarsis larvae (PBL) have proven to be a high-value AASMS utilization strategy. However, Auricularia auricula SMS (AASMS), which contains woodchips, is less palatable and digestible for PBL. To solve this problem, in this investigation, we screened out microflora (MF) for AASMS fermentation by comparing the fermentation performance as well as the effect on PBL feed intake, weight gain, and AASMS phytotoxic compound removal efficiency. In addition, by bacterial community analysis, the genera Luteimonas, Moheibacter, and Pseudoxanthomonas were predicted to be functional bacteria for AASMS fermentation and contribute to palatability and digestibility improvement. Larvae frass microflora can ferment Auricularia auricula spent mushroom substrate The fermentation can improve feed intake, weight gain, and phytotoxic removal efficiency The genera Luteimonas, Moheibacter, and Pseudoxanthomonas were functional bacteria
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohai Du
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China,Northeast Agricultural University, HarBin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Huina Xuan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China,State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education & Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops & Biopesticide Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Lili Geng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Weihang Li
- Northeast Agricultural University, HarBin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Wensheng Xiang
- Northeast Agricultural University, HarBin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Rongmei Liu
- Northeast Agricultural University, HarBin 150030, P. R. China,Corresponding author
| | - Changlong Shu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China,Corresponding author
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Tao Z, Liu X, Sun L, He X, Wu Z. Effects of two types nitrogen sources on humification processes and phosphorus dynamics during the aerobic composting of spent mushroom substrate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 317:115453. [PMID: 35751257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic composting is increasingly regarded as a promising technology for the recycling of spent mushroom substrate (SMS), and an applicable nitrogen source is necessary to improve the process. This study is the first to investigate the effects of protein-like N source (chicken manure, CM) and high-N source (urea, UR) on humification process and P dynamics during SMS composting. The effect of different N sources on microbial succession was also studied. Results showed that CM addition achieved a longer thermophilic phase (16 d vs 9 d), greater germination indices (131.6% vs 106.3%), and higher total phosphorus content (13.1 g/kg vs 6.56 g/kg) in the end products, as compared to UR. The addition of CM showed beneficial effects on humification and stabilization, including decreased weight loss and fluctuations in the level of functional groups. The P produced in the compost was interconverted and leached in the P pool. In this case, the P detected in the compost was in the form of orthophosphate and MgNH4PO4⋅6H2O crystal as inorganic P and orthophosphate monoester as organic P. The most abundant microorganisms at the phylum level mainly include Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria, accounting for more than 88% of the total microorganisms. The addition of CM to SMS compost resulted in higher organic matter degradation rates. This work clarified the role of various N sources in SMS composting and presented an appropriate waste management method beneficial to bioresource technology and sustainable development of the edible fungi business.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Tao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China.
| | - Linlin Sun
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Xuxu He
- Yanchang Green Farmers Company, Yanan, 716000, China
| | - Zhansheng Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China.
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Babu S, Singh Rathore S, Singh R, Kumar S, Singh VK, Yadav SK, Yadav V, Raj R, Yadav D, Shekhawat K, Ali Wani O. Exploring agricultural waste biomass for energy, food and feed production and pollution mitigation: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127566. [PMID: 35788385 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Globally agricultural production system generates a huge amount of solid waste. Improper agri-waste management causes environmental pollution which resulted in economic losses and human health-related problems. Hence, there is an urgent need to design and develop eco-friendly, cost-effective, and socially acceptable agri-waste management technologies. Agri-waste has high energy conversion efficiency as compared to fossil fuel-based energy generation materials. Agri-waste can potentially be exploited for the production of second-generation biofuels. However, composted agri-waste can be an alternative to energy-intensive chemical fertilizers in organic production systems. Furthermore, value-added agri-waste can be a potential feedstock for livestock and industrial products. But comprehensive information concerning agri-waste management is lacking in the literature. Therefore, the present study reviewed the latest advancements in efficient agri-waste management technologies. This latest review will help the researchers and policy planners to formulate environmentally robust residue management practices for achieving a green economy in the agricultural production sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Babu
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Sanjay Singh Rathore
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India.
| | - Raghavendra Singh
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208 024, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research, Modipuram, Uttar Pradesh 250110, India
| | - Vinod K Singh
- ICAR- Central Research Institute on Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 059, India
| | - S K Yadav
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 002, India
| | - Vivek Yadav
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Rishi Raj
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Devideen Yadav
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil & Water Conservation, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248 195, India
| | - Kapila Shekhawat
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Owais Ali Wani
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, SKUAST- Kashmir, 193201, India
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Assessment of Different Spent Mushroom Substrates to Bioremediate Soils Contaminated with Petroleum Hydrocarbons. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bioremediation techniques are being developed as substitutes for physical–chemical methodologies that are expensive and not sustainable. For example, using the agricultural waste spent mushroom substrate (SMS) which contains valuable microbiota for soil bioremediation. In this work, SMSs of four cultivated fungal species, Pleurotus eryngii, Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Agaricus bisporus were evaluated for the bioremediation of soils contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs). The bioremediation test was carried out by mixing the four different SMSs with the TPH-contaminated soil in comparison with an unamended soil control to assess its natural attenuation. To determine the most efficient bioremediation strategy, hydrolase, dehydrogenase, and ligninolytic activities, ergosterol content, and percentage of TPHs degradation (total and by chains) were determined at the end of the assay at 40 days. The application of SMS significantly improved the degradation of TPHs with respect to the control. The most effective spent mushroom substrate to degrade TPHs was A. bisporus, followed by L. edodes and P. ostreatus. Similar results were obtained for the removal of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The results showed the effectiveness of SMS to remove aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons from C10 to C35. This work demonstrates an alternative to valorizing an abundant agricultural waste as SMS to bioremediate contaminated soils.
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Ecofriendly Usability of Mushroom Cultivation Substrate as a Ruminant Feed: Anaerobic Digestion Using Gas Production Techniques. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121583. [PMID: 35739919 PMCID: PMC9219511 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was carried out to evaluate the nutritive value of mushroom-uncultivated and -cultivated substrates, and their in vitro gas and methane production. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, and analyzed with GLM using SAS 9.4. Analysis of the structural morphology of mushroom-cultivated substrate was performed using a scanning electron microscope. Mushroom cultivation led to lower ether extract, acid detergent fiber, and crude fiber level of substrate (p < 0.05). Mushroom-cultivated substrate showed higher in vitro cumulative gas production (p < 0.05). Moreover, mushroom cultivation led to a higher sample surface, and improved the microorganisms’ access to feed materials, thus stimulating rumen fermentation and increasing methane production (p < 0.05). The organic matter digestibility, metabolizable energy, and net energy lactation values were higher for mushroom-cultivated substrate than uncultivated substrate. The results demonstrate that mushroom-cultivation not only increases the contact surface of cellulose, leading to higher ruminal microorganisms’ access to feedstuff, but could also had higher nutritive value; this material might be used in ruminant ration formulation, to reduce environmental pollution and feed costs.
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Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Mushrooms: A Crucial Dimension for Sustainable Soil Management. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14074328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Soil is the main component in the agroecosystem besides water, microbial communities, and cultivated plants. Several problems face soil, including soil pollution, erosion, salinization, and degradation on a global level. Many approaches have been applied to overcome these issues, such as phyto-, bio-, and nanoremediation through different soil management tools. Mushrooms can play a vital role in the soil through bio-nanoremediation, especially under the biological synthesis of nanoparticles, which could be used in the bioremediation process. This review focuses on the green synthesis of nanoparticles using mushrooms and the potential of bio-nanoremediation for polluted soils. The distinguished roles of mushrooms of soil improvement are considered a crucial dimension for sustainable soil management, which may include controlling soil erosion, improving soil aggregates, increasing soil organic matter content, enhancing the bioavailability of soil nutrients, and resorting to damaged and/or polluted soils. The field of bio-nanoremediation using mushrooms still requires further investigation, particularly regarding the sustainable management of soils.
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Green Biotechnology of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus L.): A Sustainable Strategy for Myco-Remediation and Bio-Fermentation. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14063667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The field of biotechnology presents us with a great chance to use many organisms, such as mushrooms, to find suitable solutions for issues that include the accumulation of agro-wastes in the environment. The green biotechnology of mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus L.) includes the myco-remediation of polluted soil and water as well as bio-fermentation. The circular economy approach could be effectively achieved by using oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus L.), of which the substrate of their cultivation is considered as a vital source for producing biofertilizers, animal feeds, bioenergy, and bio-remediators. Spent mushroom substrate is also considered a crucial source for many applications, including the production of enzymes (e.g., manganese peroxidase, laccase, and lignin peroxidase) and bioethanol. The sustainable management of agro-industrial wastes (e.g., plant-based foods, animal-based foods, and non-food industries) could reduce, reuse and recycle using oyster mushrooms. This review aims to focus on the biotechnological applications of the oyster mushroom (P. ostreatus L.) concerning the field of the myco-remediation of pollutants and the bio-fermentation of agro-industrial wastes as a sustainable approach to environmental protection. This study can open new windows onto the green synthesis of metal-nanoparticles, such as nano-silver, nano-TiO2 and nano-ZnO. More investigations are needed concerning the new biotechnological approaches.
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Abstract
The edible mushroom industry has grown significantly in recent years due to the dietary change and the demand for heathy food. However, the spent mushroom compost (SMC) will be produced in large quantities after the harvest, thus forming an agricultural waste requiring proper management other than dumping or burning. In this work, two types of SMCs with the cultivation of shiitake fungus (SF) and black fungus (BF) were converted into porous biochar products (a series of SMC-SF-BC and SMC-BF-BC) at higher pyrolysis temperatures (i.e., 400, 600 and 800 °C) based on their thermochemical characteristics, using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The pore and chemical properties of the resulting products, including surface area, pore volume, average pore size, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were studied to correlate them with the most important process parameter. The results showed that the pore properties of the biochar products indicated a significant increase with the increase in the pyrolysis temperature from 400 to 600 °C. The data on the maximal Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area for the biochar products produced at 800 °C (i.e., SMC-SF-BC-800 and SMC-BF-BC-800) were found to be 312.5 and 280.9 m2/g, respectively. Based on the EDS and FTIR, plenty of oxygen-containing functional groups were found on the surface of the resulting biochar products.
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