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Liu R, Song H, Wu H, Yang Z, Fang S, Zhu J, Ba L. Sub-femtomolar vertical graphene field effect immunosensor for detection of lung tumor markers. Talanta 2024; 278:126498. [PMID: 38959668 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the main cancer that endangers human life worldwide, with the highest mortality rate. The detection of lung tumor markers is of great significance for the early diagnosis and subsequent treatment of lung cancer. In this study, a vertical graphene field effect transistor (VGFET) immunosensor based on graphene/C60 heterojunction was created to offer quantitative detections for the lung tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment (Cyfra21-1), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). The experimental results showed that the sensitive range for standard antigen is between 1 pg/ml to 100 ng/ml, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 5.6 amol/ml for CEA, 33.3 amol/ml for Cyfra 21-1 and 12.8 amol/ml for NSE (1 pg/ml for all). The detection accuracy for these tumor markers was compared with the clinically used method for clinical patients on serum samples. Results are highly consistent with clinically used immunoassay in its efficient diagnosis concentration range. Subsequently, the mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSNs) with an average size of 90 nm were surface modified with glutaraldehyde, and a second antibody was assembled on MSNs, which fixes nanospheres on the antigen and amplified the field effect. The LODs for three markers are 100 fg/ml (0.56 amol/ml for CEA) under optimal circumstances of detection. This result indicates that specific binding to MSNs enhances local field effects and can achieve higher sensing efficiency for tumor marker detection at extremely low concentrations, providing effective assistance for the early diagnosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biology and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Hang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biology and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Institute of Sports and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biology and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zhihao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biology and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Surong Fang
- Department of Emergency, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Emergency, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Long Ba
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biology and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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Ono T, Okuda S, Ushiba S, Kanai Y, Matsumoto K. Challenges for Field-Effect-Transistor-Based Graphene Biosensors. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:333. [PMID: 38255502 PMCID: PMC10817696 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Owing to its outstanding physical properties, graphene has attracted attention as a promising biosensor material. Field-effect-transistor (FET)-based biosensors are particularly promising because of their high sensitivity that is achieved through the high carrier mobility of graphene. However, graphene-FET biosensors have not yet reached widespread practical applications owing to several problems. In this review, the authors focus on graphene-FET biosensors and discuss their advantages, the challenges to their development, and the solutions to the challenges. The problem of Debye screening, in which the surface charges of the detection target are shielded and undetectable, can be solved by using small-molecule receptors and their deformations and by using enzyme reaction products. To address the complexity of sample components and the detection mechanisms of graphene-FET biosensors, the authors outline measures against nonspecific adsorption and the remaining problems related to the detection mechanism itself. The authors also introduce a solution with which the molecular species that can reach the sensor surfaces are limited. Finally, the authors present multifaceted approaches to the sensor surfaces that provide much information to corroborate the results of electrical measurements. The measures and solutions introduced bring us closer to the practical realization of stable biosensors utilizing the superior characteristics of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Ono
- SANKEN, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okuda
- High Frequency & Optical Device Works, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, 4-1 Mizuhara, Itami, Sendai 664-8641, Japan
| | - Shota Ushiba
- Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd., 1-10-1 Higashikotari, Kyoto 617-8555, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kanai
- International Center for Synchrotron Radiation Innovation Smart, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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3
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Gopinath SCB, Ramanathan S, More M, Patil K, Patil SJ, Patil N, Mahajan M, Madhavi V. A Review on Graphene Analytical Sensors for Biomarker-based Detection of Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1464-1484. [PMID: 37702170 DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230912101634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The engineering of nanoscale materials has broadened the scope of nanotechnology in a restricted functional system. Today, significant priority is given to immediate health diagnosis and monitoring tools for point-of-care testing and patient care. Graphene, as a one-atom carbon compound, has the potential to detect cancer biomarkers and its derivatives. The atom-wide graphene layer specialises in physicochemical characteristics, such as improved electrical and thermal conductivity, optical transparency, and increased chemical and mechanical strength, thus making it the best material for cancer biomarker detection. The outstanding mechanical, electrical, electrochemical, and optical properties of two-dimensional graphene can fulfil the scientific goal of any biosensor development, which is to develop a more compact and portable point-of-care device for quick and early cancer diagnosis. The bio-functionalisation of recognised biomarkers can be improved by oxygenated graphene layers and their composites. The significance of graphene that gleans its missing data for its high expertise to be evaluated, including the variety in surface modification and analytical reports. This review provides critical insights into graphene to inspire research that would address the current and remaining hurdles in cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Santheraleka Ramanathan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mahesh More
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kopargaon, India
| | - Ketan Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ahinsa Institute of Pharmacy, Dondaicha, India
| | | | - Narendra Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam University, Indore, India
| | - Mahendra Mahajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H.R. Patel Institute of Pharmacy, Shirpur, India
| | - Vemula Madhavi
- BVRIT Hyderabad college of Engineering for Women, Hyderabad, India
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4
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Deng M, Yang H, Zhang H, Li C, Chen J, Tang W, Wang X, Chen Z, Li J. Portable and Rapid Dual-Biomarker Detection Using Solution-Gated Graphene Field Transistors in the Accurate Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302117. [PMID: 37922499 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the common serum-relevant biomarker for early prostate cancer (PCa) detection in clinical diagnosis. However, it is difficult to accurately diagnose PCa in the early stage due to the low specificity of PSA. Herein, a new solution-gated graphene field transistor (SGGT) biosensor with dual-gate for dual-biomarker detection is designed. The sensing mechanism is that the designed aptamers immobilized on the surface of the gate electrodes can capture PSA and sarcosine (SAR) biomolecules and induce the capacitance changes of the electric double layers of SGGT. The limit of detections of PSA and SAR biomarkers can reach 0.01 fg mL-1 , which is three-to-four orders of magnitude lower than previously reported assays. The detection time of PSA and SAR is ≈4.5 and ≈13 min, which is significantly faster than the detection time (1-2 h) of conventional methods. The clinical serum samples testing demonstrates that the biosensor can distinguish the PCa patients from the control group and the diagnosis accuracy can reach 100%. The SGGT biosensor can be integrated into the portable platform and the diagnostic results can directly display on the smartphone/Pad. Therefore, the integrated portable platform of the biosensor can distinguish cancer types through the dual-biomarker detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Deng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
- College of Computer and Information Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, P. R. China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Huibin Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Chaoqian Li
- College of Computer and Information Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, P. R. China
| | - Jingqiu Chen
- School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xianbao Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Zhaowei Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
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Chen S, Bashir R. Advances in field-effect biosensors towards point-of-use. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:492002. [PMID: 37625391 PMCID: PMC10523595 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acf3f0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The future of medical diagnostics calls for portable biosensors at the point of care, aiming to improve healthcare by reducing costs, improving access, and increasing quality-what is called the 'triple aim'. Developing point-of-care sensors that provide high sensitivity, detect multiple analytes, and provide real time measurements can expand access to medical diagnostics for all. Field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensors have several advantages, including ultrahigh sensitivity, label-free and amplification-free detection, reduced cost and complexity, portability, and large-scale multiplexing. They can also be integrated into wearable or implantable devices and provide continuous, real-time monitoring of analytesin vivo, enabling early detection of biomarkers for disease diagnosis and management. This review analyzes advances in the sensitivity, parallelization, and reusability of FET biosensors, benchmarks the limit of detection of the state of the art, and discusses the challenges and opportunities of FET biosensors for future healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Chen
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, The Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, The Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, The Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
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Fu L, Zheng Y, Li X, Liu X, Lin CT, Karimi-Maleh H. Strategies and Applications of Graphene and Its Derivatives-Based Electrochemical Sensors in Cancer Diagnosis. Molecules 2023; 28:6719. [PMID: 37764496 PMCID: PMC10536827 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene is an emerging nanomaterial increasingly being used in electrochemical biosensing applications owing to its high surface area, excellent conductivity, ease of functionalization, and superior electrocatalytic properties compared to other carbon-based electrodes and nanomaterials, enabling faster electron transfer kinetics and higher sensitivity. Graphene electrochemical biosensors may have the potential to enable the rapid, sensitive, and low-cost detection of cancer biomarkers. This paper reviews early-stage research and proof-of-concept studies on the development of graphene electrochemical biosensors for potential future cancer diagnostic applications. Various graphene synthesis methods are outlined along with common functionalization approaches using polymers, biomolecules, nanomaterials, and synthetic chemistry to facilitate the immobilization of recognition elements and improve performance. Major sensor configurations including graphene field-effect transistors, graphene modified electrodes and nanocomposites, and 3D graphene networks are highlighted along with their principles of operation, advantages, and biosensing capabilities. Strategies for the immobilization of biorecognition elements like antibodies, aptamers, peptides, and DNA/RNA probes onto graphene platforms to impart target specificity are summarized. The use of nanomaterial labels, hybrid nanocomposites with graphene, and chemical modification for signal enhancement are also discussed. Examples are provided to illustrate applications for the sensitive electrochemical detection of a broad range of cancer biomarkers including proteins, circulating tumor cells, DNA mutations, non-coding RNAs like miRNA, metabolites, and glycoproteins. Current challenges and future opportunities are elucidated to guide ongoing efforts towards transitioning graphene biosensors from promising research lab tools into mainstream clinical practice. Continued research addressing issues with reproducibility, stability, selectivity, integration, clinical validation, and regulatory approval could enable wider adoption. Overall, graphene electrochemical biosensors present powerful and versatile platforms for cancer diagnosis at the point of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
| | - Yuhong Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province & Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
| | - Xiaozhu Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100054, China;
| | - Cheng-Te Lin
- Qianwan Institute, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China;
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Hassan Karimi-Maleh
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China;
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos 1102-2801, Lebanon
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Sengupta J, Hussain CM. CNT and Graphene-Based Transistor Biosensors for Cancer Detection: A Review. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1024. [PMID: 37509060 PMCID: PMC10377131 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
An essential aspect of successful cancer diagnosis is the identification of malignant tumors during the early stages of development, as this can significantly diminish patient mortality rates and increase their chances of survival. This task is facilitated by cancer biomarkers, which play a crucial role in determining the stage of cancer cells, monitoring their growth, and evaluating the success of treatment. However, conventional cancer detection methods involve several intricate steps, such as time-consuming nucleic acid amplification, target detection, and a complex treatment process that may not be appropriate for rapid screening. Biosensors are emerging as promising diagnostic tools for detecting cancer, and carbon nanotube (CNT)- and graphene-based transistor biosensors have shown great potential due to their unique electrical and mechanical properties. These biosensors have high sensitivity and selectivity, allowing for the rapid detection of cancer biomarkers at low concentrations. This review article discusses recent advances in the development of CNT- and graphene-based transistor biosensors for cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydip Sengupta
- Department of Electronic Science, Jogesh Chandra Chaudhuri College, Kolkata 700033, India
| | - Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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Liang T, Chen J, Yan R, Jiang H, Li H. Research on Detection of Ultra-Low Concentration Anthrax Protective Antigen Using Graphene Field-Effect Transistor Biosensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5820. [PMID: 37447669 DOI: 10.3390/s23135820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protective antigen (PA) is an important biomarker for the early diagnosis of anthrax, and the accurate detection of protective antigen under extremely low concentration conditions has always been a hot topic in the biomedical field. To complete the diagnosis of anthrax in a timely manner, it is necessary to detect PA at extremely low concentrations, as the amount of PA produced in the early stage of anthrax invasion is relatively small. Graphene field-effect transistor (Gr-FET) biosensors are a new type of material for preparing biosensors, with the advantages of a short detection time and ultra-low detection limit. METHODS The effect of different concentrations of diluents on the affinity of PA monoclonal antibodies was determined via an ELISA experiment. Combined with the Debye equation, 0.01 × PBS solution was finally selected as the diluent for the experiment. Then, a PA monoclonal antibody was selected as the bio-recognition element to construct a Gr-FET device based on CVD-grown graphene, which was used to detect the concentration of PA while recording the response time, linear range, detection limit, and other parameters. RESULTS The experimental results showed that the biosensor could quickly detect PA, with a linear range of 10 fg/mL to 100 pg/mL and a detection limit of 10 fg/mL. In addition, the biosensor showed excellent specificity and repeatability. CONCLUSIONS By constructing a Gr-FET device based on CVD-grown graphene and selecting a PA monoclonal antibody as the bio-recognition element, a highly sensitive, specific, and repeatable Gr-FET biosensor was successfully prepared for detecting extremely low concentrations of anthrax protective antigen (PA). This biosensor is expected to have a wide range of applications in clinical medicine and biological safety monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liang
- The Institute of NBC Defense PLA Army, Beijing 102205, China
| | | | - Rui Yan
- The Institute of NBC Defense PLA Army, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Huaning Jiang
- The Institute of NBC Defense PLA Army, Beijing 102205, China
- Unit No. 32281 of PLA, Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Hexi Li
- The Institute of NBC Defense PLA Army, Beijing 102205, China
- Unit No. 31666 of PLA, Zhangye 610200, China
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Chandrasekar N, Balaji R, Perala RS, Nik Humaidi NZ, Shanmugam K, Liao YC, Hwang MT, Govindaraju S. A Brief Review of Graphene-Based Biosensors Developed for Rapid Detection of COVID-19 Biomarkers. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13030307. [PMID: 36979519 PMCID: PMC10046683 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of mutated species of COVID-19 antigens has provided a strong impetus for identifying a cost-effective, rapid and facile strategy for identifying the viral loads in public places. The ever-changing genetic make-up of SARS-CoV-2 posts a significant challenfge for the research community to identify a robust mechanism to target, bind and confirm the presence of a viral load before it spreads. Synthetic DNA constructs are a novel strategy to design complementary DNA sequences specific for antigens of interest as in this review's case SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Small molecules, complementary DNA and protein-DNA complexes have been known to target analytes in minimal concentrations. This phenomenon can be exploited by nanomaterials which have unique electronic properties such as ballistic conduction. Graphene is one such candidate for designing a device with a very low LOD in the order of zeptomolar and attomolar concentrations. Surface modification will be the significant aspect of the device which needs to have a high degree of sensitivity at the same time as providing a rapid signaling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendhar Chandrasekar
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramachandran Balaji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ramaswamy Sandeep Perala
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Nik Zulkarnine Nik Humaidi
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Kirubanandan Shanmugam
- Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Ying-Chih Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Michael Taeyoung Hwang
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Saravanan Govindaraju
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
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Wang H, Hou E, Xu N, Nie P, Chang L, Wu J, Zhang X. Graphene electrochemical transistors decorated by Ag nanoparticles exhibiting high sensitivity for the detection of paraquat over a wide concentration range. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:959-968. [PMID: 36723188 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01728h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a nonselective contact herbicide used in agriculture for the control of broad leaf weeds, which would cause irreversible damage to human organs even at very low concentrations. Therefore, the trace residue detection of PQ in the environment is of vital importance. Here, a novel graphene electrochemical transistor (GECT) for PQ detection is reported for the first time. The key to the device design is the application of a layer of Ag nanoparticle (Ag NP) modified monolayer graphene as the channel layer. Due to the good electrochemical activity of Ag NPs for PQ detection, the device exhibits excellent sensitivity for PQ with the detection limit of 0.068 nM and a wide linear range from 0.1 nM to 5 mM. The GECT sensor also reveals good selectivity toward several common interferents and exhibits satisfactory recoveries for PQ detection when using Chinese cabbage as a simulant to deduce the real detection situation. The GECT sensor not only provides an efficient method for the detection of PQ residues, but also provides an effective grafting platform for the construction of novel high-sensitivity electrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, China.
| | - Enhui Hou
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, China.
| | - Na Xu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, China.
| | - Ping Nie
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, China.
| | - Limin Chang
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, China.
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Xuelin Zhang
- MEMS Center, School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, PR China.
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11
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Pasadas F, El Grour T, G. Marin E, Medina-Rull A, Toral-Lopez A, Cuesta-Lopez J, G. Ruiz F, El Mir L, Godoy A. Compact Modeling of Two-Dimensional Field-Effect Biosensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23041840. [PMID: 36850440 PMCID: PMC9958801 DOI: 10.3390/s23041840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A compact model able to predict the electrical read-out of field-effect biosensors based on two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors is introduced. It comprises the analytical description of the electrostatics including the charge density in the 2D semiconductor, the site-binding modeling of the barrier oxide surface charge, and the Stern layer plus an ion-permeable membrane, all coupled with the carrier transport inside the biosensor and solved by making use of the Donnan potential inside the ion-permeable membrane formed by charged macromolecules. This electrostatics and transport description account for the main surface-related physical and chemical processes that impact the biosensor electrical performance, including the transport along the low-dimensional channel in the diffusive regime, electrolyte screening, and the impact of biological charges. The model is implemented in Verilog-A and can be employed on standard circuit design tools. The theoretical predictions obtained with the model are validated against measurements of a MoS2 field-effect biosensor for streptavidin detection showing excellent agreement in all operation regimes and leading the way for the circuit-level simulation of biosensors based on 2D semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Pasadas
- Pervasive Electronics Advanced Research Laboratory (PEARL), Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadores, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Tarek El Grour
- Laboratory of Physics of Materials and Nanomaterials Applied at Environment (LaPhyMNE) LR05ES14, Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, Gabes University, Erriadh City, Zrig, 6072 Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Enrique G. Marin
- Pervasive Electronics Advanced Research Laboratory (PEARL), Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadores, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Medina-Rull
- Pervasive Electronics Advanced Research Laboratory (PEARL), Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadores, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandro Toral-Lopez
- Pervasive Electronics Advanced Research Laboratory (PEARL), Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadores, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Cuesta-Lopez
- Pervasive Electronics Advanced Research Laboratory (PEARL), Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadores, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco G. Ruiz
- Pervasive Electronics Advanced Research Laboratory (PEARL), Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadores, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Lassaad El Mir
- Laboratory of Physics of Materials and Nanomaterials Applied at Environment (LaPhyMNE) LR05ES14, Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, Gabes University, Erriadh City, Zrig, 6072 Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Andrés Godoy
- Pervasive Electronics Advanced Research Laboratory (PEARL), Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadores, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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12
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Ghasemi F, Salimi A. Advances in 2d Based Field Effect Transistors as Biosensing Platforms: From Principle to Biomedical Applications. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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13
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Lim S, Seo SE, Jo S, Kim KH, Kim L, Kwon OS. Highly Efficient Real-Time TRPV1 Screening Methodology for Effective Drug Candidates. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:36441-36447. [PMID: 36278091 PMCID: PMC9583638 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonists that bind to the vanilloid pocket are being actively studied in the pharmaceutical industry to develop novel treatments for chronic pain and cancer. To discover synthetic vanilloids without the side effect of capsaicin, a time-consuming process of drug candidate selection is essential to a myriad of chemical compounds. Herein, we propose a novel approach to field-effect transistors for the fast and facile screening of lead vanilloid compounds for the development of TRPV1-targeting medications. The graphene field-effect transistor was fabricated with human TRPV1 receptor protein as the bioprobe, and various analyses (SEM, Raman, and FT-IR) were utilized to verify successful manufacture. Simulations of TRPV1 with capsaicin, olvanil, and arvanil were conducted using AutoDock Vina/PyMOL to confirm the binding affinity. The interaction of the ligands with TRPV1 was detected via the fabricated platform, and the collected responses corresponded to the simulation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong
Gi Lim
- Infectious
Disease Research Center, Korea Research
Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Seo
- Infectious
Disease Research Center, Korea Research
Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjae Jo
- Infectious
Disease Research Center, Korea Research
Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Kim
- Infectious
Disease Research Center, Korea Research
Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Lina Kim
- Infectious
Disease Research Center, Korea Research
Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Seok Kwon
- Infectious
Disease Research Center, Korea Research
Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Science
& Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- College
of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan
University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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14
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Rizzato S, Monteduro AG, Leo A, Todaro MT, Maruccio G. From ion‐sensitive field‐effect transistor to 2D materials field‐effect‐transistor biosensors. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rizzato
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi” University of Salento and INFN Sezione di Lecce Lecce Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology CNR‐Nanotec Lecce Italy
| | - Anna Grazia Monteduro
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi” University of Salento and INFN Sezione di Lecce Lecce Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology CNR‐Nanotec Lecce Italy
| | - Angelo Leo
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi” University of Salento and INFN Sezione di Lecce Lecce Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology CNR‐Nanotec Lecce Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Maruccio
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi” University of Salento and INFN Sezione di Lecce Lecce Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology CNR‐Nanotec Lecce Italy
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15
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Zhu S, Liu Y, Gu Z, Zhao Y. Research trends in biomedical applications of two-dimensional nanomaterials over the last decade - A bibliometric analysis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114420. [PMID: 35835354 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with versatile properties have been widely applied in the field of biomedicine. Despite various studies having reviewed the development of biomedical 2D nanomaterials, there is a lack of a study that objectively summarizes and analyzes the research trend of this important field. Here, we employ a series of bibliometric methods to identify the development of the 2D nanomaterial-related biomedical field during the past 10 years from a holistic point of view. First, the annual publication/citation growth, country/institute/author distribution, referenced sources, and research hotspots are identified. Thereafter, based on the objectively identified research hotspots, the contributions of 2D nanomaterials to the various biomedical subfields, including those of biosensing, imaging/therapy, antibacterial treatment, and tissue engineering are carefully explored, by considering the intrinsic properties of the nanomaterials. Finally, prospects and challenges have been discussed to shed light on the future development and clinical translation of 2D nanomaterials. This review provides a novel perspective to identify and further promote the development of 2D nanomaterials in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, China; College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, China; College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China; College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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16
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Yu Y, Yang C, Baggioli M, Phillips AE, Zaccone A, Zhang L, Kajimoto R, Nakamura M, Yu D, Hong L. The ω 3 scaling of the vibrational density of states in quasi-2D nanoconfined solids. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3649. [PMID: 35752735 PMCID: PMC9233700 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31349-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The vibrational properties of crystalline bulk materials are well described by Debye theory, which successfully predicts the quadratic ω2 low-frequency scaling of the vibrational density of states. However, the analogous framework for nanoconfined materials with fewer degrees of freedom has been far less well explored. Using inelastic neutron scattering, we characterize the vibrational density of states of amorphous ice confined inside graphene oxide membranes and we observe a crossover from the Debye ω2 scaling to an anomalous ω3 behaviour upon reducing the confinement size L. Additionally, using molecular dynamics simulations, we confirm the experimental findings and prove that such a scaling appears in both crystalline and amorphous solids under slab-confinement. We theoretically demonstrate that this low-frequency ω3 law results from the geometric constraints on the momentum phase space induced by confinement along one spatial direction. Finally, we predict that the Debye scaling reappears at a characteristic frequency ω× = vL/2π, with v the speed of sound of the material, and we confirm this quantitative estimate with simulations. A description of the vibrational properties of amorphous ice confined in graphene oxide membranes, as an exemplary nanoconfined material, is presented. Inelastic neutron scattering experiments and molecular dynamics simulations show anomalous deviations from standard bulk behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxi Yu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxing Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Matteo Baggioli
- Wilczek Quantum Center, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 201315, Shanghai, China.
| | - Anthony E Phillips
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Alessio Zaccone
- Department of Physics "A. Pontremoli", University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Ryoichi Kajimoto
- J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Nakamura
- J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Dehong Yu
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia
| | - Liang Hong
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai National Center for Applied Mathematics (SJTU Center), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, 200232, Shanghai, China. .,School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China. .,Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.
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17
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Pourmadadi M, Soleimani Dinani H, Saeidi Tabar F, Khassi K, Janfaza S, Tasnim N, Hoorfar M. Properties and Applications of Graphene and Its Derivatives in Biosensors for Cancer Detection: A Comprehensive Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050269. [PMID: 35624570 PMCID: PMC9138779 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide, and there is a critical need for diagnostic platforms for applications in early cancer detection. The diagnosis of cancer can be made by identifying abnormal cell characteristics such as functional changes, a number of vital proteins in the body, abnormal genetic mutations and structural changes, and so on. Identifying biomarker candidates such as DNA, RNA, mRNA, aptamers, metabolomic biomolecules, enzymes, and proteins is one of the most important challenges. In order to eliminate such challenges, emerging biomarkers can be identified by designing a suitable biosensor. One of the most powerful technologies in development is biosensor technology based on nanostructures. Recently, graphene and its derivatives have been used for diverse diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Graphene-based biosensors have exhibited significant performance with excellent sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and a wide detection range. In this review, the principle of technology, advances, and challenges in graphene-based biosensors such as field-effect transistors (FET), fluorescence sensors, SPR biosensors, and electrochemical biosensors to detect different cancer cells is systematically discussed. Additionally, we provide an outlook on the properties, applications, and challenges of graphene and its derivatives, such as Graphene Oxide (GO), Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO), and Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs), in early cancer detection by nanobiosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrab Pourmadadi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417935840, Iran; (M.P.); (F.S.T.)
| | - Homayoon Soleimani Dinani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA;
| | - Fatemeh Saeidi Tabar
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417935840, Iran; (M.P.); (F.S.T.)
| | - Kajal Khassi
- Department of Textile Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran;
| | - Sajjad Janfaza
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; (S.J.); (N.T.)
| | - Nishat Tasnim
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; (S.J.); (N.T.)
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Mina Hoorfar
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; (S.J.); (N.T.)
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
- Correspondence:
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18
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Hashmi A, Nayak V, Singh KR, Jain B, Baid M, Alexis F, Singh AK. Potentialities of graphene and its allied derivatives to combat against SARS-CoV-2 infection. MATERIALS TODAY. ADVANCES 2022; 13:100208. [PMID: 35039802 PMCID: PMC8755454 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtadv.2022.100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is a two-dimensional material with sp2 hybridization that has found its broad-spectrum potentialities in various domains like electronics, robotics, aeronautics, etc.; it has recently gained its utilities in the biomedical domain. The unique properties of graphene and its derivatives of graphene have helped them find their utilities in the biomedical domain. Additionally, the sudden outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has immensely expanded the research field, which has also benefitted graphene and its derivatives. Currently, the world is facing a global pandemic due to the sudden outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as COVID-19, from its major onset in Wuhan city, China, in December 2019. Presently, many new variants and mutants appear, which is more harmful than previous strains. However, researchers and scientists are focused on understanding the target structure of coronavirus, mechanism, causes and transmission mode, treatment, and alternatives to cure these diseases in this critical pandemic situation; many findings are achieved, but much more is unknown and pending to be explored. This review paper is dedicated to exploring the utilities of graphene and its derivatives in combating the SARS-CoV-2 by highlighting their mechanism and applications in the fabrication of biosensors, personal protection equipment (PPE) kits, 3-D printing, and antiviral coatings. Further, the paper also covers the cytotoxicity caused by graphene and its derivatives and highlights the graphene-based derivatives market aspects in biomedical domains. Thus, graphene and graphene-derived materials are our new hope in this pandemic time, and this review helps acquire broad knowledge about them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Hashmi
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. V. Y. T. PG. Autonomous College, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India
| | - Vanya Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, 484887, India
| | - Kshitij Rb Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. V. Y. T. PG. Autonomous College, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Bhawana Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. V. Y. T. PG. Autonomous College, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India
| | - Mitisha Baid
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. V. Y. T. PG. Autonomous College, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India
| | - Frank Alexis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de San Francisco de Quito, Quito, 107910, Ecuador
| | - Ajaya Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. V. Y. T. PG. Autonomous College, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India
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19
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Pérez D, Orozco J. Wearable electrochemical biosensors to measure biomarkers with complex blood-to-sweat partition such as proteins and hormones. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:127. [PMID: 35233646 PMCID: PMC8886869 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Smart electronic devices based on micro-controllers, also referred to as fashion electronics, have raised wearable technology. These devices may process physiological information to facilitate the wearer's immediate biofeedback in close contact with the body surface. Standard market wearable devices detect observable features as gestures or skin conductivity. In contrast, the technology based on electrochemical biosensors requires a biomarker in close contact with both a biorecognition element and an electrode surface, where electron transfer phenomena occur. The noninvasiveness is pivotal for wearable technology; thus, one of the most common target tissues for real-time monitoring is the skin. Noninvasive biosensors formats may not be available for all analytes, such as several proteins and hormones, especially when devices are installed cutaneously to measure in the sweat. Processes like cutaneous transcytosis, the paracellular cell–cell unions, or even reuptake highly regulate the solutes content of the sweat. This review discusses recent advances on wearable devices based on electrochemical biosensors for biomarkers with a complex blood-to-sweat partition like proteins and some hormones, considering the commented release regulation mechanisms to the sweat. It highlights the challenges of wearable epidermal biosensors (WEBs) design and the possible solutions. Finally, it charts the path of future developments in the WEBs arena in converging/emerging digital technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pérez
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67, Nº 52-20, 050010, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Jahir Orozco
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67, Nº 52-20, 050010, Medellín, Colombia.
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20
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Ferretti A, Sinha S, Sagresti L, Araya-Hermosilla E, Prato M, Mattoli V, Pucci A, Brancato G. One-step functionalization of mildly and strongly reduced graphene oxide with maleimide: an experimental and theoretical investigation of the Diels-Alder [4+2] cycloaddition reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:2491-2503. [PMID: 35023509 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04121e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For large-scale graphene applications, such as the production of polymer-graphene nanocomposites, exfoliated graphene oxide (GO) and its reduced form (rGO) are presently considered to be very suitable starting materials, showing enhanced chemical reactivity with respect to pristine graphene, in addition to suitable electronic properties (i.e., tunable band gap). Among other chemical processes, a suitable way to obtain surface decoration of graphene is through a direct one-step Diels-Alder (DA) reaction, e.g. through the use of dienophile or diene moieties. However, the feasibility and extent of decoration largely depends on the specific graphene microstructure that in the case of rGO sheets is not easy to control and generally presents a high degree of inhomogeneity owing to various on-plane functionalization (e.g., epoxide and hydroxyl groups) or in-plane lattice defects. In an effort to gain some insights into the covalent functionalization of variably reduced GO samples, we present a combined experimental and theoretical study on the DA cycloaddition reaction of maleimide, a dienophile functional unit well-suited for chemical conjugation of polymers and macromolecules. In particular, we considered both mildly and strongly reduced GOs. Using thermogravimetry, Raman and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and elemental analysis we show evidence of variable chemical reactivity of rGO as a function of the residual oxygen content. Moreover, from quantum mechanical calculations carried out at the DFT level on different graphene reaction sites, we provide a more detailed molecular view to interpret experimental findings and to assess the reactivity series of different graphene modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Ferretti
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile ed Industriale, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 2, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sourab Sinha
- Scuola Normale Superiore and CSGI, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Luca Sagresti
- Scuola Normale Superiore and CSGI, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. .,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) sezione di Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Esteban Araya-Hermosilla
- Center for Materials Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
| | - Mirko Prato
- Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Virgilio Mattoli
- Center for Materials Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
| | - Andrea Pucci
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.,CISUP, Centro per l'Integrazione della Strumentazione dell'Università di Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Brancato
- Scuola Normale Superiore and CSGI, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. .,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) sezione di Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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21
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Synthesis and Applications of Graphene Oxide. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15030920. [PMID: 35160865 PMCID: PMC8839209 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to the unique properties of graphite oxides and graphene oxide (GO), this material has become one of the most promising materials that are widely studied. Graphene oxide is not only a precursor for the synthesis of thermally or chemically reduced graphene: researchers revealed a huge amount of unique optical, electronic, and chemical properties of graphene oxide for many different applications. In this review, we focus on the structure and characterization of GO, graphene derivatives prepared from GO and GO applications. We describe GO utilization in environmental applications, medical and biological applications, freestanding membranes, and various composite systems.
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22
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Macchia E, Torricelli F, Bollella P, Sarcina L, Tricase A, Di Franco C, Österbacka R, Kovács-Vajna ZM, Scamarcio G, Torsi L. Large-Area Interfaces for Single-Molecule Label-free Bioelectronic Detection. Chem Rev 2022; 122:4636-4699. [PMID: 35077645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectronic transducing surfaces that are nanometric in size have been the main route to detect single molecules. Though enabling the study of rarer events, such methodologies are not suited to assay at concentrations below the nanomolar level. Bioelectronic field-effect-transistors with a wide (μm2-mm2) transducing interface are also assumed to be not suited, because the molecule to be detected is orders of magnitude smaller than the transducing surface. Indeed, it is like seeing changes on the surface of a one-kilometer-wide pond when a droplet of water falls on it. However, it is a fact that a number of large-area transistors have been shown to detect at a limit of detection lower than femtomolar; they are also fast and hence innately suitable for point-of-care applications. This review critically discusses key elements, such as sensing materials, FET-structures, and target molecules that can be selectively assayed. The amplification effects enabling extremely sensitive large-area bioelectronic sensing are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Macchia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Fabrizio Torricelli
- Dipartimento Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Bollella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy.,Centre for Colloid and Surface Science - Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia Sarcina
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Tricase
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Di Franco
- CNR, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Sede di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Ronald Österbacka
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Zsolt M Kovács-Vajna
- Dipartimento Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Gaetano Scamarcio
- CNR, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Sede di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy.,Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica "M. Merlin", Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Luisa Torsi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland.,Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy.,Centre for Colloid and Surface Science - Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
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23
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Kang M, Lee S. Graphene for Nanobiosensors and Nanobiochips. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1351:203-232. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-4923-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Manimekala T, Sivasubramanian R, Dharmalingam G. Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors using Field-Effect Transistors: A Review. JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 2022; 51:1950-1973. [PMID: 35250154 PMCID: PMC8881998 DOI: 10.1007/s11664-022-09492-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Field-effect transistor biosensors (Bio-FET) have attracted great interest in recent years owing to their distinctive properties like high sensitivity, good selectivity, and easy integration into portable and wearable electronic devices. Bio-FET performance mainly relies on the constituent components such as the bio-recognition layer and the transducer, which ensures device stability, sensitivity, and lifetime. Nanomaterial-based Bio-FETs are excellent candidates for biosensing applications. This review discusses the basic concepts, function, and working principles of Bio-FETs, and focuses on the progress of recent research in Bio-FETs in the sensing of neurotransmitters, glucose, nucleic acids, proteins, viruses, and cancer biomarkers using nanomaterials. Finally, challenges in the development of Bio-FETs, as well as an outlook on the prospects of nano Bio-FET-based sensing in various fields, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Manimekala
- Plasmonic Nanomaterials Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641004 India
- Electrochemical Sensors and Energy Materials Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641004 India
| | - R. Sivasubramanian
- Electrochemical Sensors and Energy Materials Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641004 India
| | - Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam
- Plasmonic Nanomaterials Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641004 India
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25
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Numan A, Singh S, Zhan Y, Li L, Khalid M, Rilla K, Ranjan S, Cinti S. Advanced nanoengineered-customized point-of-care tools for prostate-specific antigen. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 189:27. [PMID: 34905090 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Change in the level of human prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a major element in the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Most of the methodologies are currently restricted to their application in routine clinical screening due to the scarcity of adequate screening tools, false reading, long assay time, and cost. Innovative techniques and the integration of knowledge from a variety of domains, such as materials science and engineering, are needed to provide sustainable solutions. The convergence of precision point-of-care (POC) diagnostic techniques, which allow patients to respond in real time to changes in PSA levels, provides promising possibilities for quantitative and quantitative detection of PSA. This solution could be interesting and relevant for use in PCa diagnosis at the POC. The approaches enable low-cost real-time detection and are simple to integrate into user-friendly sensor devices. This review focuses on the investigations, prospects, and challenges associated with integrating engineering sciences with cancer biology to develop nanotechnology-based tools for PCa diagnosis. This article intends to encourage the development of new nanomaterials to construct high-performance POC devices for PCa detection. Finally, the review concludes with closing remarks and a perspective forecast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshid Numan
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sima Singh
- IES Institute of Pharmacy, IES University Campus, Kalkheda, Ratibad Main Road, Bhopal, 462044, Madhya Pradesh, India.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Yiqiang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, SIST, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lijie Li
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kirsi Rilla
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanjeev Ranjan
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Stefano Cinti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy. .,BAT Center - Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, 80055, Naples, Italy.
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26
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Min-Dianey KAA, Le TK, Qadir A, M’Bouana NLP, Malik M, Kim SW, Choi JR, Pham PV. The Ripple Effect of Graphite Nanofilm on Stretchable Polydimethylsiloxane for Optical Sensing. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112934. [PMID: 34835698 PMCID: PMC8619932 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Graphene-based optical sensing devices have been widely studied for their broad band absorption, high carrier mobility, and mechanical flexibility. Due to graphene’s weak light absorption, studies on graphene-based optical sensing thus far have focused on hybrid heterostructure devices to enhance photo-absorption. Such hybrid devices need a complicated integration process and lead to deteriorating carrier mobility as a result of heterogeneous interfaces. Rippled or wrinkled graphene has been studied in electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, concrete demonstrations of the impact of the morphology of nanofilms (e.g., graphite and graphene) associated with light absorption in optical sensing devices have not been fully examined. This study explored the optical sensing potential of a graphite nanofilm surface with ripples induced by a stretchable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) supporting layer under different stretch:release ratios and then transferred onto silicon, both under experimental conditions and via simulation. The optical sensing potential of the rippled graphite nanofilm was significantly enhanced (260 mA/W at the stretch–release state of 30%), as compared to the pristine graphite/PDMS (20 mA/W at the stretch–release state of 0%) under laser illumination at a wavelength of 532 nm. In addition, the results of our simulated computation also confirmed the improved light absorption of rippled graphite nanofilm surface-based optical sensing devices, which was comparable with the results found in the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kossi A. A. Min-Dianey
- Département de Physique, Faculté Des Sciences (FDS), Université de Lomé, Lomé 01BP1515, Togo;
| | - Top Khac Le
- Department of Physics and Energy Harvest Storage Research Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea;
| | - Akeel Qadir
- Research Center of Smart Sensing Chips, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China;
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace (Ministry of Education), and Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Electro-Mechanical Systems, Department of Microsystems Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | | | - Muhammad Malik
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Technology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Sok Won Kim
- Department of Physics and Energy Harvest Storage Research Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.W.K.); (J.R.C.); (P.V.P.)
| | - Jeong Ryeol Choi
- Department of Nanoengineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.W.K.); (J.R.C.); (P.V.P.)
| | - Phuong V. Pham
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440746, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.W.K.); (J.R.C.); (P.V.P.)
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Abstract
Bioelectronics explores the use of electronic devices for applications in signal transduction at their interfaces with biological systems. The miniaturization of the bioelectronic systems has enabled seamless integration at these interfaces and is providing new scientific and technological opportunities. In particular, nanowire-based devices can yield smaller sized and unique geometry detectors that are difficult to access with standard techniques, and thereby can provide advantages in sensitivity with reduced invasiveness. In this review, we focus on nanowire-enabled bioelectronics. First, we provide an overview of synthetic studies for designed growth of semiconductor nanowires of which structure and composition are controlled to enable key elements for bioelectronic devices. Second, we review nanowire field-effect transistor sensors for highly sensitive detection of biomolecules, their applications in diagnosis and drug discovery, and methods for sensitivity enhancement. We then turn to recent progress in nanowire-enabled studies of electrogenic cells, including cardiomyocytes and neurons. Representative advances in electrical recording using nanowire electronic devices for single cell measurements, cell network mapping, and three-dimensional recordings of synthetic and natural tissues, and in vivo brain mapping are highlighted. Finally, we overview the key challenges and opportunities of nanowires for fundamental research and translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jae-Hyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Charles M Lieber
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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28
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Advanced Optical Detection through the Use of a Deformably Transferred Nanofilm. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030816. [PMID: 33806799 PMCID: PMC8004814 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Graphene has been extensively investigated in advanced photodetection devices for its broadband absorption, high carrier mobility, and mechanical flexibility. Due to graphene’s low optical absorptivity (2.3%), graphene-based photodetection research so far has focused on hybrid systems to increase photoabsorption. However, such hybrid systems require a complicated integration process and lead to reduced carrier mobility due to heterogeneous interfaces. Crumpled or deformed graphene has previously been reported in electronics and optoelectronics. However, a depth study on the influence of the morphology of nanofilms (e.g., graphite or graphene) related to light absorption in photodetection devices has not been demonstrated yet. Here, we present an interesting study in terms of the effect of the deformable surface and the smooth surface of a nanofilm transferred onto Si through two transfer strategies using isopropanol injection and nitrogen blowing (to form a deformable nanofilm surface) and deionized water injection and van der Waals interaction (to form a smooth nanofilm surface). As a result, optical detection in the case of the deformable nanofilm surface was enhanced significantly (~100%) compared with that of the smooth nanofilm surface in the visible laser wavelength (532 nm). In addition, evidence from the computational simulation also firmly affirms an advancement in the optical detection of deformed nanofilm-surface-based photodetection devices compatible with the experimental results.
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Bio-Separated and Gate-Free 2D MoS 2 Biosensor Array for Ultrasensitive Detection of BRCA1. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020545. [PMID: 33669986 PMCID: PMC7924822 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)-based thin film transistors are widely used in biosensing, and many efforts have been made to improve the detection limit and linear range. However, in addition to the complexity of device technology and biological modification, the compatibility of the physical device with biological solutions and device reusability have rarely been considered. Herein, we designed and synthesized an array of MoS2 by employing a simple-patterned chemical vapor deposition growth method and meanwhile exploited a one-step biomodification in a sensing pad based on DNA tetrahedron probes to form a bio-separated sensing part. This solves the signal interference, solution erosion, and instability of semiconductor-based biosensors after contacting biological solutions, and also allows physical devices to be reused. Furthermore, the gate-free detection structure that we first proposed for DNA (BRCA1) detection demonstrates ultrasensitive detection over a broad range of 1 fM to 1 μM with a good linear response of R2 = 0.98. Our findings provide a practical solution for high-performance, low-cost, biocompatible, reusable, and bio-separated biosensor platforms.
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Jung SH, Seo YM, Gu T, Jang W, Kang SG, Hyeon Y, Hyun SH, Lee JH, Whang D. Super-Nernstian pH Sensor Based on Anomalous Charge Transfer Doping of Defect-Engineered Graphene. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:34-42. [PMID: 33136414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The conventional pH sensor based on the graphene ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (Gr-ISFET), which operates with an electrostatic gating at the solution-graphene interface, cannot have a pH sensitivity above the Nernst limit (∼59 mV/pH). However, for accurate detection of the pH levels of an aqueous solution, an ultrasensitive pH sensor that can exceed the theoretical limit is required. In this study, a novel Gr-ISFET-based pH sensor is fabricated using proton-permeable defect-engineered graphene. The nanocrystalline graphene (nc-Gr) with numerous grain boundaries allows protons to penetrate the graphene layer and interact with the underlying pH-dependent charge-transfer dopant layer. We analyze the pH sensitivity of nc-Gr ISFETs by adjusting the grain boundary density of graphene and the functional group (OH-, NH2-, CH3-) on the SiO2 surface, confirming an unusual negative shift of the charge-neutral point (CNP) as the pH of the solution increases and a super-Nernstian pH response (approximately -140 mV/pH) under optimized conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ho Jung
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Young-Min Seo
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Taejun Gu
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Wonseok Jang
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Seog-Gyun Kang
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Yuhwan Hyeon
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hwa Hyun
- Department of Energy Systems Research and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Lee
- Department of Energy Systems Research and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Dongmok Whang
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
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31
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Wu Y, Wang C, Wang P, Wang C, Zhang Y, Han L. A high-performance microfluidic detection platform to conduct a novel multiple-biomarker panel for ovarian cancer screening. RSC Adv 2021; 11:8124-8133. [PMID: 35423342 PMCID: PMC8695074 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10200h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is an important leading cause of cancer-related deaths among females, and a single biomarker does not have the sensitivity and specificity required for an effective ovarian cancer screening. Herein, we investigate a high-performance microfluidic detection platform to conduct a novel panel of multiple biomarkers for the early detection of ovarian carcinoma, which include CA125, HE4, OPN, MSLN, Hsp70, CA153, AFP, IL-6, and IL-8 using a microfluidic chip. High-throughput microfluidic chips and graphene oxide-assembled substrate are used to microprint repeatable capture antibody arrays and conduct multiple biomarkers in microscale volume samples. The proposed microfluidic platform achieves an ultralow detection limit of ∼1 pg mL−1 and 0.01 U mL−1 with excellent detection selectivity and a short detection time of 30 min. The analysis of serum biomarkers in 18 ovarian cancer patients and 4 healthy persons indicates a clear subgroup sorting between the high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, borderline, and benign tumor patients, and healthy persons. The proposed detection platform and the biomarker panel are promising to conduct an early detection of ovarian cancer. A high-performance microfluidic detection platform is developed to conduct a novel panel of multiple biomarkers for the early detection of ovarian carcinoma, which is promising for the early detection of ovarian cancer.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Peking University Third Hospital
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology
- Shandong University
- Qingdao 266273
- China
| | - Pan Wang
- Peking University Third Hospital
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology
- Shandong University
- Qingdao 266273
- China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology
- Shandong University
- Qingdao 266273
- China
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology
- Shandong University
- Qingdao 266273
- China
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32
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Mandal N, Pakira V, Samanta N, Das N, Chakraborty S, Pramanick B, RoyChaudhuri C. PSA detection using label free graphene FET with coplanar electrodes based microfluidic point of care diagnostic device. Talanta 2021; 222:121581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Béraud A, Sauvage M, Bazán CM, Tie M, Bencherif A, Bouilly D. Graphene field-effect transistors as bioanalytical sensors: design, operation and performance. Analyst 2020; 146:403-428. [PMID: 33215184 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01661f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) are emerging as bioanalytical sensors, in which their responsive electrical conductance is used to perform quantitative analyses of biologically-relevant molecules such as DNA, proteins, ions and small molecules. This review provides a detailed evaluation of reported approaches in the design, operation and performance assessment of GFET biosensors. We first dissect key design elements of these devices, along with most common approaches for their fabrication. We compare possible modes of operation of GFETs as sensors, including transfer curves, output curves and time series as well as their integration in real-time or a posteriori protocols. Finally, we review performance metrics reported for the detection and quantification of bioanalytes, and discuss limitations and best practices to optimize the use of GFETs as bioanalytical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Béraud
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
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34
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Ji T, Liu Z, Wang G, Guo X, Akbar Khan S, Lai C, Chen H, Huang S, Xia S, Chen B, Jia H, Chen Y, Zhou Q. Detection of COVID-19: A review of the current literature and future perspectives. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 166:112455. [PMID: 32739797 PMCID: PMC7371595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide pandemic. This unprecedented situation has garnered worldwide attention. An effective strategy for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic is to develop highly accurate methods for the rapid identification and isolation of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Many companies and institutes are therefore striving to develop effective methods for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid (RNA), antibodies, antigens, and the virus. In this review, we summarize the structure of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, its genome and gene expression characteristics, and the current progression of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, antibodies, antigens, and virus detection. Further, we discuss the reasons for the observed false-negative and false-positive RNA and antibody detection results in practical clinical applications. Finally, we provide a review of the biosensors which hold promising potential for point-of-care detection of COVID-19 patients. This review thereby provides general guidelines for both scientists in the biosensing research community and for those in the biosensor industry to develop a highly sensitive and accurate point-of-care COVID-19 detection system, which would be of enormous benefit for controlling the current COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxing Ji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China.
| | - Zhenwei Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Medicine Company Limited, Guangzhou, 510535, PR China
| | - GuoQiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China
| | - Xuguang Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, PR China
| | - Shahzad Akbar Khan
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawala Kot, 12350, Pakistan
| | - Changchun Lai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, 525000, PR China
| | - Haoyu Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China
| | - Shiwen Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China
| | - Shaomei Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China
| | - Hongyun Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China
| | - Yangchao Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HongKong, PR China.
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China.
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35
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Laghrib F, Saqrane S, El Bouabi Y, Farahi A, Bakasse M, Lahrich S, El Mhammedi MA. Current progress on COVID-19 related to biosensing technologies: New opportunity for detection and monitoring of viruses. Microchem J 2020; 160:105606. [PMID: 33052148 PMCID: PMC7543751 DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 infection poses a serious risk to human life by causing acute lung damage. Various techniques used to identify and quantify COVID-19 infection. Major challenges for containing the spread of COVID-19 is the ability to identify asymptomatic cases. Currently available diagnostic methods, biosensing technology developed during COVID-19 infection.
The technologies used for coronavirus testing consist of a pre-existing device developed to examine different pathologies, such as bacterial infections, or cancer biomarkers. However, for the 2019 pandemic, researchers knew that their technology could be modified to detect a low viral load at an early stage. Today, countries around the world are working to control the new coronavirus disease (n-SARS-CoV-2). From this perspective, laboratories, universities, and companies around the world have embarked on a race to develop and produce much-needed test kits. This review has been developed to provide an overview of current trends and strategies in n-SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics based on traditional and new emerging assessment technologies, to continuous innovation. It focuses on recent trends in biosensors to build a fast, reliable, more sensitive, accessible, user-friendly system and easily adaptable technology n-SARS-CoV-2 detection and monitoring. On the whole, we have addressed and identified research evidence supporting the use of biosensors on the premise that screening people for n-SARS-CoV-2 is the best way to contain its spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Laghrib
- Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Laboratory of Chemistry, Modeling and Environmental Sciences, Polydisciplinary Faculty, 25 000 Khouribga, Morocco
| | - S Saqrane
- Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Laboratory of Chemistry, Modeling and Environmental Sciences, Polydisciplinary Faculty, 25 000 Khouribga, Morocco
| | - Y El Bouabi
- Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Laboratory of Chemistry, Modeling and Environmental Sciences, Polydisciplinary Faculty, 25 000 Khouribga, Morocco
| | - A Farahi
- Ibn Zohr University, Team of Catalysis and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, BP 8106 Agadir, Morocco
| | - M Bakasse
- Chouaib Doukkali University, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Organic Bioorganic Chemistry and Environment, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - S Lahrich
- Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Laboratory of Chemistry, Modeling and Environmental Sciences, Polydisciplinary Faculty, 25 000 Khouribga, Morocco
| | - M A El Mhammedi
- Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Laboratory of Chemistry, Modeling and Environmental Sciences, Polydisciplinary Faculty, 25 000 Khouribga, Morocco
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36
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Hao Z, Pan Y, Huang C, Wang Z, Lin Q, Zhao X, Liu S. Modulating the Linker Immobilization Density on Aptameric Graphene Field Effect Transistors Using an Electric Field. ACS Sens 2020; 5:2503-2513. [PMID: 32375472 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aptameric graphene-based field-effect transistors (A-GFETs) always employ linkers, which could immobilize on graphene through π-π stacking between contained pyrenyl groups and graphene, to anchor aptamers. Aptamer density is closely associated with the A-GFET sensitivity and determined by the linker density. Using known linker immobilization methods, the linker density is random, uncontrollable, and limited. In this work, we propose a novel linker immobilization method which can be used to effectively modulate the linker density using an electric field and further bridge the relationship between the linker density and the A-GFET sensitivity. Here, polar molecule 1-pyrenebutanoic acid succinimidyl ester (PASE) is used as a linker representative. In the electric field, PASE is arranged regularly with the electron-rich pyrenyl group forced toward graphene in the solution due to electrostatic repulsion, thereby making it possible to modulate the quantity of PASE molecules that could interact with graphene by tuning the electric field application and then realizing the regulation of the A-GFET sensitivity. Experimental results indicate that the limits of detection (LODs) of A-GFETs for detecting interleukin-6 (IL-6) and insulin can be significantly improved to be 618 and 766 fM, respectively, by applying an electric field at -0.3 V for 3 h during PASE immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150080, China
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yunlu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150080, China
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150080, China
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ziran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150080, China
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xuezeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150080, China
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shaoqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150080, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
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37
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Zhang W, Li K, Guo J, Ma T, Wang D, Shi S, Gopinath SCB, Gu D. Sensitive identification of prostate-specific antigen by iron oxide nanoparticle antibody conjugates on the gap-finger electrode surface. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:896-901. [PMID: 32822079 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Researches have proved that increasing level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is an indicator for the progression of prostate cancer. The present study was focused to determine the PSA level by using anti-PSA antibody conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles, as the probe immobilized on the gap-fingered electrode sensing surface. The detection limit and sensitivity were found at the level of 1.9 pg/mL on the linear regression curve (y = 1.6939x - 0.5671; R² = 0.9878). A dose-dependent liner range was found from 1.9 until 60 pg/mL. Further, PSA was spiked in human serum and did not affect the interaction of PSA and its antibody. This method of detection quantifies the level of PSA, which helps to diagnose prostate cancer at its earlier stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Jingyang Guo
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Dongqing Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Sumei Shi
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, 02600, Malaysia.,Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, Perlis, 01000, Malaysia
| | - Deqiang Gu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
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38
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Cheung KM, Abendroth JM, Nakatsuka N, Zhu B, Yang Y, Andrews AM, Weiss PS. Detecting DNA and RNA and Differentiating Single-Nucleotide Variations via Field-Effect Transistors. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:5982-5990. [PMID: 32706969 PMCID: PMC7439785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We detect short oligonucleotides and distinguish between sequences that differ by a single base, using label-free, electronic field-effect transistors (FETs). Our sensing platform utilizes ultrathin-film indium oxide FETs chemically functionalized with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). The ssDNA-functionalized semiconducting channels in FETs detect fully complementary DNA sequences and differentiate these sequences from those having different types and locations of single base-pair mismatches. Changes in charge associated with surface-bound ssDNA vs double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) alter FET channel conductance to enable detection due to differences in DNA duplex stability. We illustrate the capability of ssDNA-FETs to detect complementary RNA sequences and to distinguish from RNA sequences with single nucleotide variations. The development and implementation of electronic biosensors that rapidly and sensitively detect and differentiate oligonucleotides present new opportunities in the fields of disease diagnostics and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - John M Abendroth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Nako Nakatsuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Bowen Zhu
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Anne M Andrews
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, and Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paul S Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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39
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Chen S, Yang K, Leng X, Chen M, Novoselov KS, Andreeva DV. Perspectives in the design and application of composites based on graphene derivatives and bio‐based polymers. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Kou Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Xuanye Leng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Musen Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Kostya S Novoselov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Chongqing 2D Materials Institute Liangjiang New Area Chongqing China
| | - Daria V Andreeva
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
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40
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Fan Q, Wang L, Xu D, Duo Y, Gao J, Zhang L, Wang X, Chen X, Li J, Zhang H. Solution-gated transistors of two-dimensional materials for chemical and biological sensors: status and challenges. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:11364-11394. [PMID: 32428057 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01125h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been the focus of materials research for many years due to their unique fascinating properties and large specific surface area (SSA). They are very sensitive to the analytes (ions, glucose, DNA, protein, etc.), resulting in their wide-spread development in the field of sensing. New 2D materials, as the basis of applications, are constantly being fabricated and comprehensively studied. In a variety of sensing applications, the solution-gated transistor (SGT) is a promising biochemical sensing platform because it can work at low voltage in different electrolytes, which is ideal for monitoring body fluids in wearable electronics, e-skin, or implantable devices. However, there are still some key challenges, such as device stability and reproducibility, that must be faced in order to pave the way for the development of cost-effective, flexible, and transparent SGTs with 2D materials. In this review, the device preparation, device physics, and the latest application prospects of 2D materials-based SGTs are systematically presented. Besides, a bold perspective is also provided for the future development of these devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Fan
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China.
| | - Lude Wang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Duo Xu
- Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China.
| | - Yanhong Duo
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Gao
- Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China.
| | - Xianbao Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China.
| | - Xiang Chen
- Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China.
| | - Jinhua Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China.
| | - Han Zhang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
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41
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Chen S, Sun Y, Xia Y, Lv K, Man B, Yang C. Donor effect dominated molybdenum disulfide/graphene nanostructure-based field-effect transistor for ultrasensitive DNA detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 156:112128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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42
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Zhang X, Jing Q, Ao S, Schneider GF, Kireev D, Zhang Z, Fu W. Ultrasensitive Field-Effect Biosensors Enabled by the Unique Electronic Properties of Graphene. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1902820. [PMID: 31592577 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a critical overview of current developments on nanoelectronic biochemical sensors based on graphene. Composed of a single layer of conjugated carbon atoms, graphene has outstanding high carrier mobility and low intrinsic electrical noise, but a chemically inert surface. Surface functionalization is therefore crucial to unravel graphene sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of targeted analytes. To achieve optimal performance of graphene transistors for biochemical sensing, the tuning of the graphene surface properties via surface functionalization and passivation is highlighted, as well as the tuning of its electrical operation by utilizing multifrequency ambipolar configuration and a high frequency measurement scheme to overcome the Debye screening to achieve low noise and highly sensitive detection. Potential applications and prospectives of ultrasensitive graphene electronic biochemical sensors ranging from environmental monitoring and food safety, healthcare and medical diagnosis, to life science research, are presented as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Qiushi Jing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Shaw Technical Science Building, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Shen Ao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Shaw Technical Science Building, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Grégory F Schneider
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitry Kireev
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78757, USA
| | - Zhengjun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Shaw Technical Science Building, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Wangyang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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43
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Fatema KN, Oh WC. A Comprehensive Review: Development of Biosensors Based on
Graphene-Mesoporous Combined Materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.14233/ajmc.2019.ajmc-p76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Reliable data obtained from analysis of DNA, proteins, bacteria and other disease-related molecules or organisms in biological samples have become a fundamental and crucial part of human health diagnostics and therapy. After a brief summary of the implication of template based ordered mesoporous materials in electrochemical science, the various types of inorganic and organic-inorganic hybrid mesostructured used to date in electroanalysis and the corresponding electrode configurations are
described. The development of non-invasive tests that are rapid, sensitive, specific and simple would allow patient discomfort to be prevented, delays in diagnosis to be avoided and the status of a disease to be followed up. The use of biosensors for the early diagnosis of diseases has become widely accepted as a point-of-care diagnosis with appropriate specificity in a short time. To allow a reliable diagnosis of a disease at an early stage, highly sensitive biosensors are required as the corresponding biomarkers are generally expressed at very low concentrations. In past 50 years, various biosensors have been researched and developed encompassing a wide range of applications. This contrasts the limited number of commercially available biosensors. Lately, graphene-based materials have been considered as superior over other nanomaterials for the development of sensitive biosensors. The advantages of graphenebased sensor interfaces are numerous, including enhanced surface loading of desired ligand due to the high surface-to-volume ratio, excellent conductivity and a small band gap that is beneficial for sensitive electrical and electrochemical read-outs, as well as tunable optical properties for optical read-outs such as fluorescence and plasmonics. In this paper, we review the advances made in recent years on graphenebased biosensors in the field of medical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamrun Nahar Fatema
- Department of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Hanseo University, Seosan-si, Chungnam 356-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Chun Oh
- Department of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Hanseo University, Seosan-si, Chungnam 356-706, Republic of Korea
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44
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Oshin O, Kireev D, Akinwande D, Adetiba E, Idachaba F, Atayero A. Advancing PoC Devices for Early Disease Detection using Graphene-based Sensors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1378/3/032031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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45
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A review on nanomaterial-based field effect transistor technology for biomarker detection. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:739. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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46
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Lin Z, Wu G, Zhao L, Lai KWC. Carbon Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors: A Review of Design and Applications. IEEE NANOTECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1109/mnano.2019.2927774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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47
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Chemically Functionalised Graphene FET Biosensor for the Label-free Sensing of Exosomes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13946. [PMID: 31558796 PMCID: PMC6763426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A graphene field-effect transistor (gFET) was non-covalently functionalised with 1-pyrenebutyric acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester and conjugated with anti-CD63 antibodies for the label-free detection of exosomes. Using a microfluidic channel, part of a graphene film was exposed to solution. The change in electrical properties of the exposed graphene created an additional minimum alongside the original Dirac point in the drain-source current (Ids) - back-gate voltage (Vg) curve. When phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was present in the channel, the additional minimum was present at a Vg lower than the original Dirac point and shifted with time when exosomes were introduced into the channel. This shift of the minimum from the PBS reference point reached saturation after 30 minutes and was observed for multiple exosome concentrations. Upon conjugation with an isotype control, sensor response to the highest concentration of exosomes was negligible in comparison to that with anti-CD63 antibody, indicating that the functionalised gFET can specifically detect exosomes at least down to 0.1 μg/mL and is sensitive to concentration. Such a gFET biosensor has not been used before for exosome sensing and could be an effective tool for the liquid-biopsy detection of exosomes as biomarkers for early-stage identification of diseases such as cancer.
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48
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Xu L, Wen Y, Pandit S, Mokkapati VRSS, Mijakovic I, Li Y, Ding M, Ren S, Li W, Liu G. Graphene-based biosensors for the detection of prostate cancer protein biomarkers: a review. BMC Chem 2019; 13:112. [PMID: 31508598 PMCID: PMC6720397 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the sixth most common cancer type in the world, which causes approximately 10% of total cancer fatalities. The detection of protein biomarkers in body fluids is the key topic for the diagnosis and prognosis of PC. Highly sensitive screening of PC is the most effective approach for reducing mortality. Thus, there are a growing number of literature that recognizes the importance of new technologies for early diagnosis of PC. Graphene is playing an important role in the biosensor field with remarkable physical, optical, electrochemical and magnetic properties. Many recent studies demonstrated the potential of graphene materials for sensitive detection of protein biomarkers. In this review, the graphene-based biosensors toward PC analysis are mainly discussed in two groups: Firstly, novel biosensor interfaces were constructed through the modification of graphene materials onto sensor surfaces. Secondly, ingenious signal amplification strategies were developed using graphene materials as catalysts or carriers. Graphene-based biosensors have exhibited remarkable performance with high sensitivities, wide detection ranges, and long-term stabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- 1Laboratory of Biometrory, Division of Chemistry and Ionizing Radiation Measurement Technology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai, 201203 People's Republic of China.,2Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41126 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yanli Wen
- 1Laboratory of Biometrory, Division of Chemistry and Ionizing Radiation Measurement Technology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai, 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Santosh Pandit
- 2Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41126 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Venkata R S S Mokkapati
- 2Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41126 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- 2Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41126 Gothenburg, Sweden.,3The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yan Li
- 1Laboratory of Biometrory, Division of Chemistry and Ionizing Radiation Measurement Technology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai, 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Min Ding
- 1Laboratory of Biometrory, Division of Chemistry and Ionizing Radiation Measurement Technology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai, 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzhen Ren
- 1Laboratory of Biometrory, Division of Chemistry and Ionizing Radiation Measurement Technology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai, 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Li
- 1Laboratory of Biometrory, Division of Chemistry and Ionizing Radiation Measurement Technology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai, 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Liu
- 1Laboratory of Biometrory, Division of Chemistry and Ionizing Radiation Measurement Technology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai, 201203 People's Republic of China
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49
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Kim JW, Kim S, Jang YH, Lim KI, Lee WH. Attomolar detection of virus by liquid coplanar-gate graphene transistor on plastic. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:345502. [PMID: 30865941 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab0f52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The direct method of detecting a virus with extremely low concentration is recommended for the diagnosis of viral disease. In this study, coplanar-gate graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) were built on flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrates for the attomolar detection of a virus. The GFETs exhibited a very low detection limit of 47.8 aM with relatively low source/drain voltage due to aqueous dielectric media which stabilizes viruses and antibodies for specific bonding. The antibody as a probe molecule was decorated on a graphene surface using 1-pyrenebutanoic acid succinimidyl ester that had previously been immobilized on a graphene surface. The Dirac point voltage shifted downward after dropping the virus solution, due to the electrostatic gating effect of graphene in the antigen (namely, virus)-antibody complex. The virus detection platform used in this study is expected to be beneficial for direct diagnosis in saline environments, since the performances of GFETs were not significantly affected by the presence of Na+ and Cl-. Furthermore, since our flexible and transparent virus sensors can be used in a wearable device, they provide a simple and fast method for diagnosing viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woo Kim
- Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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50
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Panwar N, Soehartono AM, Chan KK, Zeng S, Xu G, Qu J, Coquet P, Yong KT, Chen X. Nanocarbons for Biology and Medicine: Sensing, Imaging, and Drug Delivery. Chem Rev 2019; 119:9559-9656. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nishtha Panwar
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Alana Mauluidy Soehartono
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Kok Ken Chan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Shuwen Zeng
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, 50 Nanyang Drive, Border X Block, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Gaixia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Philippe Coquet
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, 50 Nanyang Drive, Border X Block, Singapore 637553, Singapore
- Institut d’Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN), CNRS UMR 8520—Université de Lille, 59650 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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