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Arul P, Huang ST, Nandhini C, Huang CH, Gowthaman NSK, Huang CH. Development of a nanozyme-based electrochemical catalyst for real-time biomarker sensing of superoxide and nitric oxide anions released from living cells and exogenous donors. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 261:116485. [PMID: 38852323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Developing quantitative biosensors of superoxide (O2•-) and nitric oxide (NO) anion is crucial for pathological research. As of today, the main challenge for electrochemical detection is to develop high-selectivity nano-mimetic materials to replace natural enzymes. In this study, the dendritic-like morphological structure of silver organic framework (Ag-MOF) was successfully synthesized via a solvothermal strategy. Owing to the introduction of polymeric composites results in improved electrical conductivity and catalytic activity, which promotes mass transfer and leads to faster electron efficiency. For monitoring the electrochemical signals of O2•- and NO, the Ag-MOF electrode substrate was produced by drop-coating, and composites were designed by cyclic voltammetric potential cycles. The designed electrode substrates demonstrate high sensitivity, wide linear concentrations of 1 nM-1000 μM and 1 nM-850 μM, and low detection limits of 0.27 nM and 0.34 nM (S/N = 3) against O2•- and NO. Aside from that, the sensor successfully monitored the cellular release of O2•-, and NO from HepG2 and RAW 264.7 living cells and has the potential to monitor exogenous NO release from donors of Diethylamine (DEA)-NONOate and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Additionally, the developed system was applied to the analysis of O2•- and NO in real biological fluid samples, and the results were good satisfactory (94.10-99.57 ± 1.23%). The designed system provides a novel approach to obtaining a good electrochemical biosensor platform that is highly selective, stable, and flexible. Finally, the proposed method provides a quantitative way to follow the dynamic changes in O2•- and NO in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponnusamy Arul
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Tung Huang
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan; High-Value Biomaterials Research and Commercialization Center, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., 10608, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chinnathambi Nandhini
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsien Huang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - N S K Gowthaman
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chih-Hung Huang
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
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2
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Liu Q, Huang Y, Wang S, Yang S, Jiang Z, Huang S. Monodispersed Au nanoparticles decorated MoS 2 nanosheets with enhanced peroxidase-like activity based electrochemical H 2O 2 sensing for anticancer drug evaluations. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1320:342996. [PMID: 39142770 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unique size, physical and chemical properties, and ultra-high stability of nanozymes have attracted extensive attentions in sensing, but improvement of catalytic activity of the nanozymes is still an urgent issue. Given the ultra-high simulated enzyme activity of metal nanoparticles and the advantage of multi-enzyme catalysis, an Au-decorated MoS2 nanosheets (MoS2/Au NS) integrating the double peroxidase-like (POD) activity is developed. RESULTS By optimizing and adjusting the density of AuNPs, as well as its morphology and other parameters, a monodisperse and high-density distribution of AuNPs on MoS2 nanosheets was obtained, which can greatly improve the POD-like activity of MoS2/Au NS. Nafion solution was applied to assist the modification of MoS2/Au NS on the electrode surface so as to improved its stability. An electrochemical H2O2 detection platform was constructed by modifying MoS2/Au NS nanozyme on the SPCE using the conductive Nafion solution. And the negatively charged sulfonic acid group can eliminate negatively charged electroactive substances to improve the specificity. Then ascorbic acid was used to stimulate tumor cells to produce H2O2 as therapeutic model, an ultrasensitive chronocoulometry detection for H2O2 in cell lysate was established. The logarithmically of ΔQ and the logarithmically of H2O2 concentration showed a good linear relationship between 1 μM and 500 mM, with a LOD value of 0.3 μM. SIGNIFICANCE The developed H2O2 sensor has excellent stability, reproducibility (RSD = 2.3 %, n = 6) and selectivity, realized the quantitative detection of H2O2 in cell lysate. Compared with commercial fluorescence detection kits for H2O2 in cell lysate, it is worth mentioning that the electrochemical H2O2 sensor developed in this study is simpler and faster, with higher sensitivity and lower cost. This provides a potential substitute for disease diagnosis and treatment evaluation based on accurate detection of H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug for Thoracic Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yang Huang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug for Thoracic Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug for Thoracic Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug for Thoracic Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Zhengjin Jiang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Shengfeng Huang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug for Thoracic Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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3
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Yan L, Zheng P, Wang Z, Wang W, Chen X, Liu Q. Multimodal biosensing systems based on metal nanoparticles. Analyst 2024; 149:4116-4134. [PMID: 39007333 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00140k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Biosensors are currently among the most commonly used devices for analysing biomarkers and play an important role in environmental detection, food safety, and disease diagnosis. Researchers have developed multimodal biosensors instead of single-modal biosensors to meet increasing sensitivity, accuracy, and stability requirements. Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) are beneficial for preparing core probes for multimodal biosensors because of their excellent physical and chemical properties, such as easy regulation and modification, and because they can integrate diverse sensing strategies. This review mainly summarizes the excellent physicochemical properties of MNPs applied as biosensing probes and the principles of commonly used MNP-based multimodal sensing strategies. Recent applications and possible improvements of multimodal biosensors based on MNPs are also described, among which on-site inspection and sensitive detection are particularly important. The current challenges and prospects for multimodal biosensors based on MNPs may provide readers with a new perspective on this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yan
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Peijia Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaoman Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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Saylan Y, Aliyeva N, Eroglu S, Denizli A. Nanomaterial-Based Sensors for Coumarin Detection. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:30015-30034. [PMID: 39035881 PMCID: PMC11256117 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Sensors are widely used owing to their advantages including excellent sensing performance, user-friendliness, portability, rapid response, high sensitivity, and specificity. Sensor technologies have been expanded rapidly in recent years to offer many applications in medicine, pharmaceuticals, the environment, food safety, and national security. Various nanomaterial-based sensors have been developed for their exciting features, such as a powerful absorption band in the visible region, excellent electrical conductivity, and good mechanical properties. Natural and synthetic coumarin derivatives are attracting attention in the development of functional polymers and polymeric networks for their unique biological, optical, and photochemical properties. They are the most abundant organic molecules in medicine because of their biological and pharmacological impacts. Furthermore, coumarin derivatives can modulate signaling pathways that affect various cellular processes. This review covers the discovery of coumarins and their derivatives, the integration of nanomaterial-based sensors, and recent advances in nanomaterial-based sensing for coumarins. This review also explains how sensors work, their types, their pros and cons, and sensor studies for coumarin detection in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeşeren Saylan
- Department
of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilufer Aliyeva
- Department
of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seckin Eroglu
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical
University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department
of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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5
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Selivanovitch E, Ostwalt A, Chao Z, Daniel S. Emerging Designs and Applications for Biomembrane Biosensors. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2024; 17:339-366. [PMID: 39018354 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061622-042618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Nature has inspired the development of biomimetic membrane sensors in which the functionalities of biological molecules, such as proteins and lipids, are harnessed for sensing applications. This review provides an overview of the recent developments for biomembrane sensors compatible with either bulk or planar sensing applications, namely using lipid vesicles or supported lipid bilayers, respectively. We first describe the individual components required for these sensing platforms and the design principles that are considered when constructing them, and we segue into recent applications being implemented across multiple fields. Our goal for this review is to illustrate the versatility of nature's biomembrane toolbox and simultaneously highlight how biosensor platforms can be enhanced by harnessing it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Selivanovitch
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA;
| | - Alexis Ostwalt
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA;
| | - Zhongmou Chao
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA;
| | - Susan Daniel
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA;
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Ramírez-García G, Wang L, Yetisen AK, Morales-Narváez E. Photonic Solutions for Challenges in Sensing. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:25415-25420. [PMID: 38911740 PMCID: PMC11191130 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Sensing technologies support timely and critical decisions to save precious resources in healthcare, veterinary care, food safety, and environmental protection. However, the design of sensors demands strict technical characteristics for real-world applications. In this Viewpoint, we discuss the main challenges to tackle in the sensing field and how photonics represents a valuable tool in this sphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Ramírez-García
- Biofunctional
Nanomaterials Laboratory, Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología
Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma
de México, 3001, Boulevard Juriquilla, 76230 Querétaro, México
| | - Lin Wang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, SW7 2AZ London, U.K.
| | - Ali K. Yetisen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, SW7 2AZ London, U.K.
| | - Eden Morales-Narváez
- Biophotonic
Nanosensors Laboratory, Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología
Avanzada (CFATA), Universidad Nacional Autónoma
de México (UNAM), 3001, Boulevard Juriquilla, 76230 Querétaro, México
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7
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Pan Y, Liu J, Wang J, Gao Y, Ma N. Application of Biosensors and Biomimetic Sensors in Dairy Products Testing. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00894-4. [PMID: 38851568 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
This article summarizes the applications of biosensors and biomimetic sensors in the detection of residues in dairy products. Biosensors utilize biological molecules such as enzymes or antibodies to detect residual substances in dairy products, demonstrating high specificity and sensitivity. Biomimetic sensors, inspired by biosensors, use synthetic materials to mimic biological sensing mechanisms, enhancing stability and reproducibility. Both sensor types have achieved significant success in detecting pesticide residues, veterinary drugs, bacteria, and other contaminants in dairy products. The applications of biological and biomimetic sensors not only improve the efficiency of residue detection in dairy products but also have the potential to reduce the time and cost of traditional methods. Their specificity and high sensitivity make them powerful tools in the dairy industry, thus contributing to ensuring the quality and safety of dairy products and meeting the growing consumer demands for health and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinchuan Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China.; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China.
| | - Ning Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China.; Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China.
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8
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Zhang Y, Offenhäusser A, Mourzina Y. A Study on the Mechanism and Properties of a Self-Powered H 2O 2 Electrochemical Sensor Based on a Fuel Cell Configuration with FePc and Graphene Cathode Catalyst Materials. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:290. [PMID: 38920594 PMCID: PMC11202192 DOI: 10.3390/bios14060290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Conventional electrochemical sensors use voltammetric and amperometric methods with external power supply and modulation systems, which hinder the flexibility and application of the sensors. To avoid the use of an external power system and to minimize the number of electrochemical cell components, a self-powered electrochemical sensor (SPES) for hydrogen peroxide was investigated here. Iron phthalocyanine, an enzyme mimetic material, and Ni were used as a cathode catalyst and an anode material, respectively. The properties of the iron phthalocyanine catalyst modified by graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were investigated. Open circuit potential tests demonstrated the feasibility of this system. The GNP-modulated interface helped to solve the problems of aggregation and poor conductivity of iron phthalocyanine and allowed for the achievement of the best analytical characteristics of the self-powered H2O2 sensor with a low detection limit of 0.6 µM and significantly higher sensitivity of 0.198 A/(M·cm2) due to the enhanced electrochemical properties. The SPES demonstrated the best performance at pH 3.0 compared to pH 7.4 and 12.0. The sensor characteristics under the control of external variable load resistances are discussed and the cell showed the highest power density of 65.9 μW/cm2 with a 20 kOhm resistor. The practical applicability of this method was verified by the determination of H2O2 in blood serum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yulia Mourzina
- Institute of Biological Information Processing—Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (Y.Z.); (A.O.)
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9
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Wang C, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zeng X, Jin C, Huo D, Hou J, Hou C. A wearable flexible electrochemical biosensor with CuNi-MOF@rGO modification for simultaneous detection of uric acid and dopamine in sweat. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1299:342441. [PMID: 38499429 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In health assessment and personalized medical services, accurate detection of biological markers such as dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) in sweat is crucial for providing valuable physiological information. However, there are challenges in detecting sweat biomarkers due to their low concentrations, variations in sweat yield among individuals, and the need for efficient sweat collection. RESULTS We synthesized CuNi-MOF@rGO as a high-activity electrocatalyst and investigated its feasibility and electrochemical mechanism for simultaneously detecting low-concentration biomarkers UA and DA. Interaction between the non-coordinating carboxylate group and the sample produces effective separation signals for DA and UA. The wearable biomimetic biosensor has a wide linear range of 1-500 μM, with a detection limit of 9.41 μM and sensitivity of 0.019 μA μM-1 cm-2 for DA, and 10-1000 μM, with a detection limit of 9.09 μM and sensitivity of 0.026 μA μM-1 cm-2 for UA. Thus, our sensor performs excellently in detecting low-concentration biomarkers. To improve sweat collection, we designed a microfluidic-controlled device with hydrophilic modification in the microchannel. Experimental results show optimal ink flow at 2% concentration. Overall, we developed an innovative and highly active electrocatalyst, successfully enabling simultaneous detection of low-concentration biomarkers UA and DA. SIGNIFICANCE This study provides a strategy for sweat analysis and health monitoring. Moreover, the sensor also showed good performance in detecting real sweat samples. This study has shown great potential in future advances in sweat analysis and health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuncun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Yiyi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Changpeng Jin
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Danqun Huo
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China.
| | - Jingzhou Hou
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Eldercare, Chongqing City Management College, Chongqing, 401331, PR China.
| | - Changjun Hou
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-perception & Intelligent Information Processing, School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China.
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10
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Manibalan K, Arul P, Wu HJ, Huang ST, Mani V. Self-Immolative Electrochemical Redox Substrates: Emerging Artificial Receptors in Sensing and Biosensing. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2024; 4:163-183. [PMID: 38645581 PMCID: PMC11027205 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The development of artificial receptors has great significance in measurement science and technology. The need for a robust version of natural receptors is getting increased attention because the cost of natural receptors is still high along with storage difficulties. Aptamers, imprinted polymers, and nanozymes are some of the matured artificial receptors in analytical chemistry. Recently, a new direction has been discovered by organic chemists, who can synthesize robust, activity-based, self-immolative organic molecules that have artificial receptor properties for the targeted analytes. Specifically designed trigger moieties implant selectivity and sensitivity. These latent electrochemical redox substrates are highly stable, mass-producible, inexpensive, and eco-friendly. Combining redox substrates with the merits of electrochemical techniques is a good opportunity to establish a new direction in artificial receptors. This Review provides an overview of electrochemical redox substrate design, anatomy, benefits, and biosensing potential. A proper understanding of molecular design can lead to the development of a library of novel self-immolative redox molecules that would have huge implications for measurement science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesavan Manibalan
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ponnusamy Arul
- Institute
of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical
Engineering and Biotechnology, National
Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Hsin-Jay Wu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Tung Huang
- Institute
of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical
Engineering and Biotechnology, National
Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan (ROC)
- High-Value
Biomaterials Research and Commercialization Center, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Veerappan Mani
- Advanced
Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Computer, Electrical
and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Huang Y, Pu X, Qian H, Chuang CJ, Dong S, Wu J, Xue J, Cheng W, Ding S, Li S. Optical fiber surface plasmon resonance sensor using electroless-plated gold film for thrombin detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:1469-1483. [PMID: 38236393 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
This paper describes the simple and label-free detection of thrombin using optical fiber surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors based on gold films prepared by the cost-effective method of electroless plating. The plating conditions for simultaneously obtaining gold film on cylindrical core and end surfaces of an optical fiber suitable for measurement were optimized. The fabricated sensor exhibited a linear refractive index sensitivity of 2150 nm/RIU and 7.136 (a.u.)/RIU in the refractive index of 1.3329-1.3605 interrogated by resonance wavelength and amplitude methods respectively and a single wavelength monitoring method was proposed to investigate the sensing performance of this sensor. Polyadenine diblock and thiolated thrombin aptamers were immobilized on gold nanoparticles and gold films respectively to implement a sandwich optical fiber assay for thrombin. The developed optical fiber SPR sensors were successfully used in the determination of thrombin down to 0.56 nM over a wide range from 2 to 100 nM and showed good selectivity for thrombin, which indicated their potential clinical applications for biomedical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China.
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China.
| | - Xiaoyin Pu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Husun Qian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Chin-Jung Chuang
- Department of Opto-Electronic Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 97401, Taiwan, China
| | - Shanshan Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical Sciences Research Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Jiangling Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical Sciences Research Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Jianjiang Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical Sciences Research Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shijia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shengqiang Li
- Clinical Laboratory, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300000, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300000, China.
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Shi Z, Li Y, Wu X, Chen B, Sun W, Guo C, Li CM. Integrated Sandwich-Paper 3D Cell Sensing Device to In Situ Wirelessly Monitor H 2O 2 Released from Living Cells. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38324759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) has attracted great interest because of its prominent advantages of rapidness, precision, portability, and real-time monitoring, thus becoming a powerful biomedical device in early clinical diagnosis and convenient medical treatments. However, its complicated manufacturing process and high expense severely impede mass production and broad applications. Herein, an innovative but inexpensive integrated sandwich-paper three-dimensional (3D) cell sensing device is fabricated to in situ wirelessly detect H2O2 released from living cells. The paper-based electrochemical sensing device was constructed by a sealed sandwiched bottom plastic film/fiber paper/top hole-centered plastic film that was printed with patterned electrodes. A new (Fe, Mn)3(PO4)2/N-doped carbon nanorod was developed and immobilized on the sensing carbon electrode while cell culture solution filled the exposed fiber paper, allowing living cells to grow on the fiber paper surrounding the electrode. Due to the significantly shortening diffusion distance to access the sensing sites by such a unique device and a rationally tuned ratio of Fe2+/Mn2+, the device exhibits a fast response time (0.2 s), a low detection limit (0.4 μM), and a wide detection range (2-3200 μM). This work offers great promise for a low-cost and highly sensitive POCT device for practical clinic diagnosis and broad POCT biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanzhuan Shi
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Yunpeng Li
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Wu
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Chunxian Guo
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Chang Ming Li
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China
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Golparvar A, Thenot L, Boukhayma A, Carrara S. Soft Epidermal Paperfluidics for Sweat Analysis by Ratiometric Raman Spectroscopy. BIOSENSORS 2023; 14:12. [PMID: 38248389 PMCID: PMC10812966 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The expanding interest in digital biomarker analysis focused on non-invasive human bodily fluids, such as sweat, highlights the pressing need for easily manufactured and highly efficient soft lab-on-skin solutions. Here, we report, for the first time, the integration of microfluidic paper-based devices (μPAD) and non-enhanced Raman-scattering-enabled optical biochemical sensing (Raman biosensing). Their integration merges the enormous benefits of μPAD, with high potential for commercialization and use in resource-limited settings, with biorecognition-element-free (but highly selective) optical Raman biosensing. The introduced thin (0.36 mm), ultra-lightweight (0.19 g), and compact footprint (3 cm2) opto-paperfluidic sweat patch is flexible, stretchable, and conforms, irritation-free, to hairless or minimally haired body regions to enable swift sweat collection. As a great advantage, this new bio-chemical sensory system excels through its absence of onboard biorecognition elements (bioreceptor-free) and omission of plasmonic nanomaterials. The proposed easy fabrication process is adaptable to mass production by following a fully sustainable and cost-effective process utilizing only basic tools by avoiding typically employed printing or laser patterning. Furthermore, efficient collection and transportation of precise sweat volumes, driven exclusively by the wicking properties of porous materials, shows high efficiency in liquid transportation and reduces biosensing latency by a factor of 5 compared to state-of-the-art epidermal microfluidics. The proposed unit enables electronic chip-free and imaging-less visual sweat loss quantification as well as optical biochemical analysis when coupled with Raman spectroscopy. We investigated the multimodal quantification of sweat urea and lactate levels ex vivo (with syntactic sweat including +30 sweat analytes on porcine skin) and achieved a linear dynamic range from 0 to 100 mmol/L during fully dynamic continuous flow characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata Golparvar
- Bio/CMOS Interfaces (BCI) Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Thenot
- Bio/CMOS Interfaces (BCI) Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | | | - Sandro Carrara
- Bio/CMOS Interfaces (BCI) Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
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14
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Zheng L, Cao M, Du Y, Liu Q, Emran MY, Kotb A, Sun M, Ma CB, Zhou M. Artificial enzyme innovations in electrochemical devices: advancing wearable and portable sensing technologies. NANOSCALE 2023; 16:44-60. [PMID: 38053393 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05728c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid evolution of sensing technologies, the integration of nanoscale catalysts, particularly those mimicking enzymatic functions, into electrochemical devices has surfaced as a pivotal advancement. These catalysts, dubbed artificial enzymes, embody a blend of heightened sensitivity, selectivity, and durability, laying the groundwork for innovative applications in real-time health monitoring and environmental detection. This minireview penetrates into the fundamental principles of electrochemical sensing, elucidating the unique attributes that establish artificial enzymes as foundational elements in this field. We spotlight a range of innovations where these catalysts have been proficiently incorporated into wearable and portable platforms. Navigating the pathway of amalgamating these nanoscale wonders into consumer-appealing devices presents a multitude of challenges; nevertheless, the progress made thus far signals a promising trajectory. As the intersection of materials science, biochemistry, and electronics progressively intensifies, a flourishing future seems imminent for artificial enzyme-infused electrochemical devices, with the potential to redefine the landscapes of wearable health diagnostics and portable sensing solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Analysis and Testing Center, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China.
| | - Mengzhu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Analysis and Testing Center, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China.
| | - Yan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Quanyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Mohammed Y Emran
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Kotb
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Mimi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Analysis and Testing Center, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China.
| | - Chong-Bo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Analysis and Testing Center, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China.
| | - Ming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Analysis and Testing Center, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China.
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15
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Bobelyn A, Unteregger R, Höffken JI, Reymen I. Problem exploration for creating value propositions when developing point-of-care solutions. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 241:115636. [PMID: 37703642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) testing has been increasingly proposed as one of the most promising solutions for improving healthcare provision as it enables fast and accurate testing both inside and outside hospital settings. Many of these POC device stem from academic research. Yet, the commercialization of these devices through academic spin-offs is not straigthforward. Many academic spin-offs fail due to an inproperly articulated value proposition. To create a value proposition with biosensors it is crucial to understand how they can be used to address problems in the current diagnostics processes and protocols. Therefore, this paper studies how different university teams engage in problem exploration to better understand how they can translate the technical features of their POC testing solutions into an attractive value proposition. To be able to study this, a qualitative case study research design was chosen. In particular, 11 university student teams participating in the SensUs contest were studied. The main findings show that teams adopting search patterns involving a 'broader' (i.e., considering a wider range of problems and stakeholders) and a more 'interconnected' (i.e., thematically linking problems with one another) problem-exploration were more successful in creating contest outcomes (biosensing solutions) with greater commercial viability. Moreover, teams that sougth direct feedback from market experts generated more commercially viable projects than teams that relied primarly on advice from technical experts.
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16
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Niu X, Wu L, Wu F, Guan J, Wang H. Electron coupling effect-triggered monatomic copper laccase-mimicking nanozyme for the degradation and detection of guaiacol produced by Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 238:115606. [PMID: 37595476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The generation of guaiacol by Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris (A. acidoterrestris) in fruit juices negatively affects public health and causes severe environmental pollution. Therefore, the sensitive detection and efficient degradation of guaiacol in real samples are crucial. Here, we develop an electrochemical sensor utilizing a copper single-atom nanozyme (CuN4-G) to detect and degrade guaiacol at the picomolar level. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations verify that the bonding electron coupling effect in the CuN4-G facilitates rapid electron transfer, enhances electrical conductivity, and provides abundant active sites, thereby leading to exceptional catalytic performance. Moreover, CuN4-G demonstrates a Km value similar to that of natural laccase but a higher Vmax, highlighting its potential as a highly efficient biocatalyst. The CuN4-G-based electrochemical sensor achieves a detection from 5 to 50,000 pM for guaiacol, with a 1.2 pM (S/N = 3) detection limit. Additionally, CuN4-G-modified electrodes display high selectivity and excellent stability. CuN4-G nanozyme can keep its activity in conditions of pH (3-9), temperature (30-90 °C), ionic strength (0-400 mM), and organic solvent (0-50% (v/v)), overcoming the deficiencies of natural enzymes. Furthermore, our electrochemical sensor can not only accurately detect guaiacol, but also degrade it in actual fruit juice samples infected by A. acidoterrestris, demonstrating its potential applications in food and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Niu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, PR China
| | - Lifang Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, PR China
| | - Fengling Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, PR China
| | - Jingqi Guan
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun, 130021, PR China.
| | - Hongsu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, PR China.
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17
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Zhang Y, Hou C, Zhao P, Zeng X, Liu Y, Chen J, Gao Y, Wang C, Hou J, Huo D. Fe Single-Atom Nanozyme-Modified Wearable Hydrogel Patch for Precise Analysis of Uric Acid at Rest. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:43541-43549. [PMID: 37694575 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Resting sweat analysis could provide unique insight into the metabolic levels of physiological and pathological states. However, the low secretion rate of resting sweat and the low concentration of metabolic molecules pose challenges for the development of noninvasive wearable sensors. Here, we demonstrated a wearable patch for the precise analysis of uric acid at rest. Fe single-atom nanozymes (FeSAs) with excellent electrocatalytic activity were used to develop a sensor for selective catalysis of uric acid (UA, 1-425 μM), and the catalytic mechanism of UA was later explored by density functional theory. In addition, polyaniline was integrated into the wearable patch for pH detection; thus, accurate analysis of sweat UA molecules can be achieved by pH calibration. Then, we explored the possibility of collecting resting sweat with different ratios of agarose hydrogels to reduce the sweat accumulation time. Finally, the possibility of a wearable patch for accurate UA detection in volunteer sweat samples was experimentally verified. We believe that our work provides novel insights and ideas for the analysis of resting sweat using wearable devices, further driving advancements in the field of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Changjun Hou
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Yiyi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Jian Chen
- Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, PR China
| | - Yifan Gao
- School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing401331, PR China
| | - Cuncun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Jingzhou Hou
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
- Postdoctoral Research Station, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Danqun Huo
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-perception & Intelligent Information Processing, School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
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18
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Pan M, Li H, Yang J, Wang Y, Wang Y, Han X, Wang S. Review: Synthesis of metal organic framework-based composites for application as immunosensors in food safety. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1266:341331. [PMID: 37244661 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Ensuring food safety continues to be one of the major global challenges. For effective food safety monitoring, fast, sensitive, portable, and efficient food safety detection strategies must be devised. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous crystalline materials that have attracted attention for use in high-performance sensors for food safety detection owing to their advantages such as high porosity, large specific surface area, adjustable structure, and easy surface functional modification. Immunoassay strategies based on antigen-antibody specific binding are one of the important means for accurate and rapid detection of trace contaminants in food. Emerging MOFs and their composites with excellent properties are being synthesized, providing new ideas for immunoassays. This article summarizes the synthesis strategies of MOFs and MOF-based composites and their applications in the immunoassays of food contaminants. The challenges and prospects of the preparation and immunoassay applications of MOF-based composites are also presented. The findings of this study will contribute to the development and application of novel MOF-based composites with excellent properties and provide insights into advanced and efficient strategies for developing immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China.
| | - Huilin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Yueyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Xintong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China.
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19
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Shapkin NP, Khalchenko IG, Drozdov AL, Fedorets AN, Buravlev IY, Andrasyuk AA, Maslova NV, Pervakov KA, Papynov EK. Silica-Containing Biomimetic Composites Based on Sea Urchin Skeleton and Polycalcium Organyl Silsesquioxane. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:300. [PMID: 37504188 PMCID: PMC10807377 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8030300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper presents an original approach to the synthesis of polycalciumorganyl silsesquioxanes through the reaction of polyorganyl silsesquioxanes [RSiO1.5]n (where R is an ethyl and phenyl radical) with sea urchin skeleton under the conditions of mechanochemical activation. The novelty and practical significance of the present study lies in the use of an available natural raw source as a source of calcium ions to initiate the reaction of calcium silicate formation and create a matrix for the formation of a porous inorganic composite framework. The thermal stability of the introduced silicates, i.e., the ability to maintain a porous structure at high temperatures, is key to the production of an ordered porous material. The reaction scheme was proposed to be based on the interaction of calcium carbonate with the siloxane bond. FTIR, XRD, GPC, and TGA were used to study the composition and structure of the obtained materials. The cross-sectional area of the polymer chain and the volumes of the coherent scattering regions of the polymers obtained were calculated from the XRD data. To prepare the composites, the sea urchin skeleton was further modified with polycalciumorganyl silsesquioxanes in a toluene solution. To remove the sea urchin skeleton, the obtained biomimetic composites were treated with hydrochloric acid. The results of the morphological and surface composition studies are reported. The method proposed in the paper could be of fundamental importance for the possibility of obtaining structured porous composite materials for a wide range of practical applications, including for the purpose of creating a composite that may be a promising carrier for targeted delivery of chemotherapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay P. Shapkin
- Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (N.P.S.); (I.G.K.); (A.N.F.); (A.A.A.); (N.V.M.); (K.A.P.); (E.K.P.)
| | - Irina G. Khalchenko
- Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (N.P.S.); (I.G.K.); (A.N.F.); (A.A.A.); (N.V.M.); (K.A.P.); (E.K.P.)
| | - Anatoliy L. Drozdov
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. 17 Palchevsky, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Aleksander N. Fedorets
- Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (N.P.S.); (I.G.K.); (A.N.F.); (A.A.A.); (N.V.M.); (K.A.P.); (E.K.P.)
| | - Igor Yu Buravlev
- Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (N.P.S.); (I.G.K.); (A.N.F.); (A.A.A.); (N.V.M.); (K.A.P.); (E.K.P.)
| | - Anna A. Andrasyuk
- Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (N.P.S.); (I.G.K.); (A.N.F.); (A.A.A.); (N.V.M.); (K.A.P.); (E.K.P.)
| | - Natalya V. Maslova
- Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (N.P.S.); (I.G.K.); (A.N.F.); (A.A.A.); (N.V.M.); (K.A.P.); (E.K.P.)
| | - Kirill A. Pervakov
- Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (N.P.S.); (I.G.K.); (A.N.F.); (A.A.A.); (N.V.M.); (K.A.P.); (E.K.P.)
| | - Evgeniy K. Papynov
- Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (N.P.S.); (I.G.K.); (A.N.F.); (A.A.A.); (N.V.M.); (K.A.P.); (E.K.P.)
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20
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Yang G, Chen Y, Shi R, Chen R, Gao S, Zhang X, Rao Y, Lu Y, Peng Y, Qing Z, Song C. Platinum Nanoparticles Loaded Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets with Enhanced Peroxidase-like Activity for H 2O 2 and Oxidase-Based Sensing. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093736. [PMID: 37175146 PMCID: PMC10179752 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) are classical peroxidase-like nanozyme; self-agglomeration of nanoparticles leads to the undesirable reduction in stability and catalytic activity. Herein, a hybrid peroxidase-like nanocatalyst consisting of PtNPs in situ growing on g-C3N4 nanosheets with enhanced peroxidase-mimic catalytic activity (PtNP@g-C3N4 nanosheets) was prepared for H2O2 and oxidase-based colorimetric assay. g-C3N4 nanosheets can be used as carriers to solve the problem of poor stability of PtNPs. We observed that the catalytic ability could be maintained for more than 90 days. PtNP@g-C3N4 nanosheets could quickly catalyze the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), and the absorbance of blue color oxidized TMB (oxTMB) showed a robust linear relationship with the concentration of H2O2 (the detection limit (LOD): 3.33 μM). By utilizing H2O2 as a mediator, this strategy can be applied to oxidase-based biomolecules (glucose, organophosphorus, and so on, that generate or consume hydrogen peroxide) sensing. As a proof of concept, a sensitive assay of cholesterol that combined PtNP@g-C3N4 nanosheets with cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) cascade catalytic reaction was constructed with an LOD of 9.35 μM in a widespread range from 10 to 800 μM (R2 = 0.9981). In addition, we also verified its ability to detect cholesterol in fetal bovine serum. These results showed application prospect of PtNP@g-C3N4 nanosheets-based colorimetry in sensing and clinical medical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gege Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Sensors, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Sensors, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Rui Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Sensors, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Sensors, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yuan Rao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Sensors, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Sensors, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yuancheng Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhihe Qing
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Chunxia Song
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Sensors, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
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Zhao Y, Liu Q, Qin Y, Cao Y, Zhao J, Zhang K, Cao Y. Ordered Labeling-Facilitated Electrochemical Assay of Alpha-Fetoprotein-L3 Ratio for Diagnosing Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:6411-6419. [PMID: 36693188 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is a "gold-standard" biomarker for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Available pieces of evidence suggest that the ratio of AFP-L3 isoform in the total AFP may provide more accurate prediction for the incidence of HCC. In this work, we design an electrochemical aptasensor for high-accuracy assay of AFP-L3 ratio based on differentiated labeling of AFP isoforms in an orderly fashion. Specifically, total AFP is first captured by an AFP aptamer-functionalized electrode and labeled with quantum dots-functionalized DNA probes via mild reduction. Then, AFP-L3 isoform that strongly binds to Lens culinaris agglutinin is labeled with silver nanoparticles after the exonuclease-catalyzed removal of DNA probes. By tracing the electrochemical responses of quantum dots and silver nanoparticles, respectively, the amounts of total AFP and AFP-L3 isoforms are determined and the AFP-L3 ratio is accordingly calculated to favor the accurate HCC diagnosis. Experimental results prove the high-accuracy assay of AFP-L3 ratio based on the AFP quantitation in a linear range of 0.0008-40 ng mL-1 and AFP-L3 quantitation in a linear range of 0.004-40 ng mL-1. The aptasensor also displays satisfactory specificity and good recoveries even in the complex serum samples. Therefore, the aptasensor may provide a valuable tool for the assay of the AFP-L3 ratio and have a great potential use in early warning of HCC for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyan Zhao
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Yujia Qin
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying 257091, China
| | - Ya Cao
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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22
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Early detection of tumour-associated antigens: Assessment of point-of-care electrochemical immunoassays. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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23
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Liang H, Liu Y, Qileng A, Shen H, Liu W, Xu Z, Liu Y. PEI-coated Prussian blue nanocubes as pH-Switchable nanozyme: Broad-pH-responsive immunoassay for illegal additive. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 219:114797. [PMID: 36252313 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Nanozymes are commonly used in the construction of immunosensors, yet they are generally susceptible to pH condition, which greatly hindered their practical use. To break the limitation of pH conditions, polyethyleneimine-coated Prussian blue nanocubes (PBNCs@PEI) were synthesized as the pH-switchable nanozyme, which can show peroxidase-like and catalase-like activity in acidic and alkaline condition, respectively. Besides, the modification of PEI can largely improve the catalytic activity of PBNCs. Herein, the pH-switchable catalytic property of PBNCs@PEI was used to construct the dual-mode immunosensor for the detection of illegal additive, rosiglitazone. In acidic condition, PBNCs@PEI showed excellent peroxidase-like activity, which can trigger the colorimetric reaction of Au nanostars with TMB2+/CTAB. In alkaline condition, the catalase-like activity of PBNCs@PEI prevailed, thus the decomposition of H2O2 can generate O2 to initiate the aerobic oxidation of 4-chloro-1-naphthol (4-CN), which can decrease the fluorescence intensity of 4-CN. Based on the competitive immunoassay, both the localized surface plasmon resonance wavelength shift of Au nanostars and the fluorescence intensity change of 4-CN were quantitatively related with rosiglitazone concentration, thus shedding a new light on the construction of broad-pH-responsive immunosensor. Besides, a smart device was developed to transfer the chroma value of Au nanostars into the RSG concentration, making this sensor a promising method in on-site and point-of-care detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Liang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yuqiu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Aori Qileng
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; The Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Haoran Shen
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Weipeng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhenlin Xu
- The Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Yingju Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; The Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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24
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Yang H, Hu Y, Yin X, Huang J, Qiao C, Hu Z, He C, Huo D, Hou C. A disposable and sensitive non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on a 3D-Mn-doped NiO nanoflower-modified flexible electrode. Analyst 2023; 148:153-162. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an01495e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Herein, Mn-doped NiO nano-enzyme composites with high catalytic performance and excellent conductivity were grown on 3D CFC via hydrothermal and calcination methods to construct an efficient flexible glucose sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huisi Yang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yian Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xinxue Yin
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jiaqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Cailin Qiao
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zhikun Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Congjuan He
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Danqun Huo
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-perception & Intelligent Information Processing, School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Changjun Hou
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Liquor Making Biology Technology and Application of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, PR China
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25
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Development of conducting cellulose paper for electrochemical sensing of procalcitonin. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 190:32. [PMID: 36534199 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05596-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical paper-based sensor was developed for the detection of bacterial infection (BI)-specific biomarker procalcitonin (PCT). Reduced graphene oxide-gold nanoparticles (rGO-AuNP) and poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) were synthesized and were fabricated to a disposable, portable, and inexpensive cellulose fiber paper (CFP) substrate. rGO-AuNP-PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite-modified conductive paper-based biosensing platform was efficaciously fabricated by a constant and simple coating procedure. rGO-AuNP-PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite-modified conductive paper electrode was found to provide a sensitive and conductive substrate for PCT detection. The presence of rGO-AuNP-PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite on CFP substate was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction studies. The electrochemical behavior of rGO-AuNP-PEDOT:PSS @CFP surface was studied with impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and chronoamperometry techniques. This low-cost paper-based biosensor has a linear range for PCT of 1 × 103 to 6 × 107 fg mL-1. This developed sensor exhibited good reproducibility with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of about 3.7%. The proposed CFP-based biosensor has been proven as an accelerated simple point-of-care (POC) exploratory approach for early PCT diagnosis in inadequate areas with limited production facilities, computational techniques, and highly skilled experts.
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26
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Abstract
Time is an often-neglected variable in biological research. Plants respond to biotic and abiotic stressors with a range of chemical signals, but as plants are non-equilibrium systems, single-point measurements often cannot provide sufficient temporal resolution to capture these time-dependent signals. In this article, we critically review the advances in continuous monitoring of chemical signals in living plants under stress. We discuss methods for sustained measurement of the most important chemical species, including ions, organic molecules, inorganic molecules and radicals. We examine analytical and modelling approaches currently used to identify and predict stress in plants. We also explore how the methods discussed can be used for applications beyond a research laboratory, in agricultural settings. Finally, we present the current challenges and future perspectives for the continuous monitoring of chemical signals in plants.
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27
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Sharma A, Agrawal A, Pandey G, Kumar S, Awasthi K, Awasthi A. Carbon Nano-Onion-Decorated ZnO Composite-Based Enzyme-Less Electrochemical Biosensing Approach for Glucose. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:37748-37756. [PMID: 36312397 PMCID: PMC9609061 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the enzyme-less biosensing property of the zinc oxide/carbon nano-onion (ZnO/CNO) nanocomposite coated on a glassy carbon electrode. The ZnO/CNO nanocomposite was synthesized using the ex situ mixing method, and the structural characterization was done using XRD, SEM, and TEM, whereas functional groups and optical characterization were done through FTIR and UV-visible spectroscopy. The electrochemical sensing response of the ZnO/CNO nanocomposite for the linear range of glucose concentration (0.1-15 mM) was examined using cyclic voltammetry (CV) with a potential window of -1.6 to +1.6 V using 0.1 M NaOH as an electrolyte. The ZnO/CNO nanocomposites showed enhanced sensing ability toward glucose with a sensitive value of 606.64 μA/mM cm2. Amperometric i-t measurement supports the finding of CV measurement and showed good sensing ability of the electrode ZnO/CNO nanocomposite material for up to 40 days. The enhanced electrocatalytic activity of the ZnO/CNO nanocomposite is explained due to the synergetic effect of both ZnO and CNO. Our findings suggest a high potential for ZnO/CNO nanocomposite-based glucose biosensors, which could be further utilized to develop noninvasive skin-attached sensors for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sharma
- Department
of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur302004, India
| | - Ankush Agrawal
- Department
of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur302004, India
| | - Gaurav Pandey
- Department
of Physics, Malaviya National Institute
of Technology, Jaipur302017, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department
of Physics, Malaviya National Institute
of Technology, Jaipur302017, India
| | - Kamlendra Awasthi
- Department
of Physics, Malaviya National Institute
of Technology, Jaipur302017, India
| | - Anjali Awasthi
- Department
of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur302004, India
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28
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Fedacı C, Ertuğrul Uygun HD, Uygun ZO, Akçay Y. A novel biorecognition receptor Citropin-A modified impedimetric biosensor for detection of LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Anal Biochem 2022; 652:114772. [PMID: 35688260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Citropin-A (Cit-A) as a biorecognition receptor was used for the first time to develop electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) based biosensor for the detection of Lymph Node Carcinoma of the Prostate (LNCaP) cancer cells. The biosensor was engineered by modification of a gold electrode (AuE) with cysteamine (Cys), Poliamidoamin (PAMAM (G4)) dendrimers, avidin, and biotinylated Cit-A, respectively. The detection time of the LNCaP cells was determined as 300 s by chronoimpedance (CI). Chronoimpedance also provided an exact detection time to avoid non-specific adsorptions. The biosensor showed good linearity between 1500 cells/L and 12000 cells/L, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) values were 518 cells/L and 1570 cells/L, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemrehan Fedacı
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | | | - Zihni Onur Uygun
- Kafkas University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kars, Turkey.
| | - Yasemin Akçay
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
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29
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Alcon-Chino MET, De-Simone SG. Recent Advances in the Immunologic Method Applied to Tick-Borne Diseases in Brazil. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080870. [PMID: 36014992 PMCID: PMC9414916 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic-origin infectious diseases are one of the major concerns of human and veterinary health systems. Ticks, as vectors of several zoonotic diseases, are ranked second only to mosquitoes as vectors. Many ticks’ transmitted infections are still endemic in the Americas, Europe, and Africa and represent approximately 17% of their infectious diseases population. Although our scientific capacity to identify and diagnose diseases is increasing, it remains a challenge in the case of tick-borne conditions. For example, in 2017, 160 cases of the Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF, a tick-borne illness) were confirmed, alarming the notifiable diseases information system. Conversely, Brazilian borreliosis and ehrlichiosis do not require notification. Still, an increasing number of cases in humans and dogs have been reported in southeast and northeastern Brazil. Immunological methods applied to human and dog tick-borne diseases (TBD) show low sensitivity and specificity, cross-reactions, and false IgM positivity. Thus, the diagnosis and management of TBD are hampered by the personal tools and indirect markers used. Therefore, specific and rapid methods urgently need to be developed to diagnose the various types of tick-borne bacterial diseases. This review presents a brief historical perspective on the evolution of serological assays and recent advances in diagnostic tests for TBD (ehrlichiosis, BSF, and borreliosis) in humans and dogs, mainly applied in Brazil. Additionally, this review covers the emerging technologies available in diagnosing TBD, including biosensors, and discusses their potential for future use as gold standards in diagnosing these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica E. T. Alcon-Chino
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Post-Graduation Program in Science and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 22040-036, Brazil
| | - Salvatore G. De-Simone
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Post-Graduation Program in Science and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 22040-036, Brazil
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-38658183
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30
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Albalawi I, Alatawi H, Alsefri S, Moore E. Electrochemical Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide/Gold Nanoparticles in a Single Step for Carbaryl Detection in Water. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22145251. [PMID: 35890930 PMCID: PMC9317711 DOI: 10.3390/s22145251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an in situ synthesis approach based on electrochemical reduction and ion exchange was employed to detect carbaryl species using a disposable, screen-printed carbon electrode fabricated with nanocomposite materials. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was used to create a larger electrode surface and more active sites. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs,) were incorporated to accelerate electron transfer and enhance sensitivity. A cation exchange Nafion polymer was used to enable the adhesion of rGO and AuNPs to the electrode surface and speed up ion exchange. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to study the electrochemical and physical properties of the modified sensor. In the presence of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), an rGO/AuNP/Nafion-modified electrode was effectively used to measure the carbaryl concentration in river and tap water samples. The developed sensor exhibited superior electrochemical performance in terms of reproducibility, stability, efficiency and selectivity for carbaryl detection with a detection limit of 0.2 µM and a concentration range between 0.5µM and 250 µM. The proposed approach was compared to capillary electrophoresis with ultraviolet detection (CE-UV).
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31
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Acharya PB, George A, Shrivastav PS. A Status Update on the Development of Polymer and Metal-Based Graphene Electrochemical Sensors for Detection and Quantitation of Bisphenol A. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 54:669-690. [PMID: 35776701 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2094197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The detection and quantitation of bisphenol A (BPA) in the environment and food products has been a subject of considerable interest. BPA, a diphenylmethane derivative is a well-known industrial raw material with wide range of applications. It is a well-known endocrine disruptor and acts as an estrogen mimic. BPA is an environmental health concern and its accumulation in hydro-geological cycles is a matter of serious ecological peril. This review basically assesses various chemically modified electrodes composed of diverse components that have been employed to recognize BPA in different matrices. Electrochemical sensors prepared using graphene materials in combination with metals and polymers for selective detection of BPA have been discussed extensively. The emphasis is on detection of BPA in various samples encountered in routine use such as plastic bottles, receipts, baby feed bottles, milk samples, mineralized water, tissue paper, DVDs, and others. Although research in this field is in the exploratory stage, deeper insights into fundamental studies of sensing systems, fast analysis of real samples and validation of sensors are some of the factors that need major impetus. It is expected that chemically modified electrode-based sensing systems will soon take over as a viable option for monitoring diverse pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi B Acharya
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Archana George
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Pranav S Shrivastav
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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32
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Fundamentals of Biosensors and Detection Methods. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1379:3-29. [PMID: 35760986 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04039-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors have a great impact on our society to enhance the life quality, playing an important role in the development of Point-of-Care (POC) technologies for rapid diagnostics, and monitoring of disease progression. COVID-19 rapid antigen tests, home pregnancy tests, and glucose monitoring sensors represent three examples of successful biosensor POC devices. Biosensors have extensively been used in applications related to the control of diseases, food quality and safety, and environment quality. They can provide great specificity and portability at significantly reduced costs. In this chapter are described the fundamentals of biosensors including the working principles, general configurations, performance factors, and their classifications according to the type of bioreceptors and transducers. It is also briefly illustrated the general strategies applied to immobilize biorecognition elements on the transducer surface for the construction of biosensors. Moreover, the principal detection methods used in biosensors are described, giving special emphasis on optical, electrochemical, and mass-based methods. Finally, the challenges for biosensing in real applications are addressed at the end of this chapter.
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33
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Ibrahim H, Yin S, Moru S, Zhu Y, Castellano MJ, Dong L. In Planta Nitrate Sensor Using a Photosensitive Epoxy Bioresin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:25949-25961. [PMID: 35638646 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen management through monitoring of crop nitrate status can improve agricultural productivity, profitability, and environmental performance. Current plant nitrate test methods require expensive instruments, time-intensive labor, and trained personnel. Frequent monitoring of in planta nitrate levels of the stalks in living plants can help to better understand the nitrogen cycle and the physiological responses to environmental variations. Although existing enzymatic electrochemical sensors provide high selectivity, they suffer from short shelf life, high cost, low-temperature storage requirement, and potential degradation over time. To overcome these issues, an artificial enzyme (vitamin B12 or VB12) and a two-dimensional material (graphene oxide or GO) are introduced into a conventional photoresist (SU8) to form a bioresin SU8-GO-VB12 that can be patterned with photolithography and laser-pyrolyzed into a carbon-based nanocomposite C-GO-VB12. The electrocatalytic activity of the cobalt factor in VB12, the surface enhancement properties of GO, and the porous feature of pyrolytic carbon are synergized through design to provide C-GO-VB12 with a superior ability to detect nitrate ions through redox reactions. In addition, laser writing-based selective pyrolysis allows applying thermal energy to target only SU8-GO-VB12 for selective pyrolysis of the bioresin into C-GO-VB12, thus reducing the total energy input and avoiding the thermal influence on the materials and structures in other areas of the substrate. The C-GO-VB12 nitrate sensor demonstrates a year-long shelf lifetime, high selectivity, and a wide dynamic range that enables a direct nitrate test for the extracted sap of maize stalk. For in situ monitoring of the nitrate level and dynamic changes in living maize plants, a microelectromechanical system-based needle sensor is formed with C-GO-VB12. The needle sensor allows direct insertion into the plant for in situ measurement of nitrate ions under different growth environments over time. The needle sensor represents a new method for monitoring in planta nitrate dynamics with no need for sample preparation, thus making a significant impact in plant sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Ibrahim
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Microelectronics Research Center, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Shihao Yin
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Microelectronics Research Center, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Satyanarayana Moru
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Yunjiao Zhu
- Agronomy Department, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | | | - Liang Dong
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Microelectronics Research Center, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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34
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Asgari Kheirabadi Z, Rabbani M, Samiei Foroushani M. Green Fabrication of Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensor Using Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Decorated with Copper (II) Oxide Nanoparticles for Tear Fluid Analysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:3689-3705. [PMID: 35488956 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03936-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this report, a green, simple, inexpensive, and effective nonenzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor was fabricated using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) decorated with copper (II) oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). Basil seed mucilage (BSM) was served as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents in the synthesis of CuO NPs.The prepared MWCNT/CuO nanocomposite was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electrochemical methods. The FTIR results indicated that the nanocomposite surface was covered by BSM. The FESEM results show that the CuO NPs with an average particle size lower than 10 nm have been well distributed on the walls of the MWCNT. The electrochemical behavior of the nanocomposite was explored by studying the electrocatalytic behavior of the screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified by the nanocomposite (SPCE-MWCNT/CuO) toward the glucose oxidation. In the optimum conditions, the electrode indicated a wide linear response from 5.0 to 620.0 μM with regression coefficients of 0.992, the sensitivity of 1050 μA mM-1 cm-2, a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.7 μM, and a reproducibility with relative standard deviation (RSD) variations from 3.5 to 11% for three measurements at each point. The obtained results also showed good selectivity to glucose against interfering species such as lactate (LA), L-ascorbic acid (AA), and urea (U) due to the use of the negatively charged BSM in the form of a coating on the nanocomposite surface. The applicability of the sensor was successfully verified by the determination of glucose concentration in artificial tears with a certain amount of glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohsen Rabbani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran.
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Ameku WA, Provance DW, Morel CM, De-Simone SG. Rapid Detection of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies with a Screen-Printed Electrode Modified with a Spike Glycoprotein Epitope. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:272. [PMID: 35624573 PMCID: PMC9139057 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by an infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It was recognized in late 2019 and has since spread worldwide, leading to a pandemic with unprecedented health and financial consequences. There remains an enormous demand for new diagnostic methods that can deliver fast, low-cost, and easy-to-use confirmation of a SARS-CoV-2 infection. We have developed an affordable electrochemical biosensor for the rapid detection of serological immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody in sera against the spike protein. MATERIALS AND METHODS A previously identified linear B-cell epitope (EP) specific to the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and recognized by IgG in patient sera was selected for the target molecule. After synthesis, the EP was immobilized onto the surface of the working electrode of a commercially available screen-printed electrode (SPE). The capture of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgGs allowed the formation of an immunocomplex that was measured by square-wave voltammetry from its generation of hydroquinone (HQ). RESULTS An evaluation of the performance of the EP-based biosensor presented a selectivity and specificity for COVID-19 of 93% and 100%, respectively. No cross-reaction was observed to antibodies against other diseases that included Chagas disease, Chikungunya, Leishmaniosis, and Dengue. Differentiation of infected and non-infected individuals was possible even at a high dilution factor that decreased the required sample volumes to a few microliters. CONCLUSION The final device proved suitable for diagnosing COVID-19 by assaying actual serum samples, and the results displayed good agreement with the molecular biology diagnoses. The flexibility to conjugate other EPs to SPEs suggests that this technology could be rapidly adapted to diagnose new variants of SARS-CoV-2 or other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson A. Ameku
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Populations Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (W.A.A.); (D.W.P.); (C.M.M.)
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Molecualr Systematics (LESM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - David W. Provance
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Populations Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (W.A.A.); (D.W.P.); (C.M.M.)
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Molecualr Systematics (LESM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos M. Morel
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Populations Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (W.A.A.); (D.W.P.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Salvatore G. De-Simone
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Populations Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (W.A.A.); (D.W.P.); (C.M.M.)
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Molecualr Systematics (LESM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- Cellular and Molecular Department, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, RJ, Brazil
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Ouyang Y, Zheng X, Li Q, Ye N, Mo G. ZIFs derived polyhedron with cobalt oxide nanoparticles as novel nanozyme for the biomimetic catalytic oxidation of glucose and non-enzymatic sensor. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1209:339839. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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CRISPR/Cas12a-Derived electrochemical aptasensor for ultrasensitive detection of COVID-19 nucleocapsid protein. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 200:113922. [PMID: 34990959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fast, affordable, portable, and sensitive technology to detect COVID-19 is critical to address the current outbreak. Here, we present a CRISPR/Cas12a-derived electrochemical aptasensor for cost-effective, fast, and ultrasensitive COVID-19 nucleocapsid protein (Np) detection. First, an electrochemical sensing interface was fabricated by immobilizing methylene blue labeled poly adenines DNA sequence (polyA-MB electrochemical reporter) on a gold electrode surface. Second, an arched probe was prepared via hybridization of Np aptamer and an activator strand. In the presence of COVID-19 Np, the activator strand could be released from the arched probe due to the specific interaction between the target and the aptamer, which then activated the trans-cleavage activity of the CRISPR/Cas12a system. Subsequently, the polyA-MB reporters were cleaved from the electrode surface, decreasing the current of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at a potential of -0.27 V(vs. Ag/AgCl). The CRISPR/Cas12a-derived electrochemical aptasensor shows a highly efficient performance for COVID-19 Np detection in 50 pg mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1 with a limit of detection (LOD) low to 16.5 pg mL-1. Notably, the whole process of one test can be completed within 30 min. Simultaneously, the aptasensor displays a high selectivity to other proteins. The further measurements demonstrate that the aptasensor is robust in a natural system for point-of-care testing, such as in tap water, milk, or serum. The aptasensor is universal and expandable and holds great potential in the COVID-19 early diagnosis, environmental surveillance, food security, and other aspects.
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David M, Şerban A, Adrian Enache T, Florescu M. Electrochemical quantification of levothyroxine at disposable screen-printed electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rajendran B, Chen X, Li Z, Zhan Z, Goh KB. How molecular interactions tune the characteristic time of nanocomposite colloidal sensors. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 616:668-678. [PMID: 35245793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.02.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Mass transport critically controls the performance of colloidal metal-polymer sensors. We hypothesize that molecular-level pair interactions, such as electric, steric, and specific binding effects, govern the mass transport and, in return, the characteristic time of these sensors. THEORY Here we present a simple theory guided by experimental data to examine the sensing performance of two usually encountered archetypal metal-polymer sensors, namely (1) core-shell and (2) yolk-shell architectures. For this purpose, we use the static reactive density functional theory framework, determining how (i) charge, (ii) size, and (iii) non-covalent binding factors modulate the characteristic time. FINDINGS We show how an interplay between diffusivity and partitioning governs the sensing time of the sensors, where an anti-correlation cancellation between them renders the time non-trivial. Our study demonstrates that the convoluted substrate-hydrogel shell interaction controls the characteristic time of these colloidal sensors, especially when the sensors are in a collapsed state. Notably, the substrates with a high dipole moment tend to equilibrate greatly, but undesirably, at the shell-solution interface. With this, we encourage the formation of a metastable sorption state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barathan Rajendran
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Xiao Chen
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zhong Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore; Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Zhixin Zhan
- School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - K B Goh
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Gavrilaș S, Ursachi CȘ, Perța-Crișan S, Munteanu FD. Recent Trends in Biosensors for Environmental Quality Monitoring. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:1513. [PMID: 35214408 PMCID: PMC8879434 DOI: 10.3390/s22041513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The monitoring of environmental pollution requires fast, reliable, cost-effective and small devices. This need explains the recent trends in the development of biosensing devices for pollutant detection. The present review aims to summarize the newest trends regarding the use of biosensors to detect environmental contaminants. Enzyme, whole cell, antibody, aptamer, and DNA-based biosensors and biomimetic sensors are discussed. We summarize their applicability to the detection of various pollutants and mention their constructive characteristics. Several detection principles are used in biosensor design: amperometry, conductometry, luminescence, etc. They differ in terms of rapidity, sensitivity, profitability, and design. Each one is characterized by specific selectivity and detection limits depending on the sensitive element. Mimetic biosensors are slowly gaining attention from researchers and users due to their advantages compared with classical ones. Further studies are necessary for the development of robust biosensing devices that can successfully be used for the detection of pollutants from complex matrices without prior sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Florentina-Daniela Munteanu
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, Tourism and Environmental Protection, 2-4 E. Drăgoi Str., 310330 Arad, Romania; (S.G.); (C.Ș.U.); (S.P.-C.)
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Current progress in organic–inorganic hetero-nano-interfaces based electrochemical biosensors for healthcare monitoring. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ozcelikay G, Kaya S, Ozkan E, Cetinkaya A, Nemutlu E, Kır S, Ozkan S. Sensor-based MIP technologies for targeted metabolomics analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Pusta A, Tertiș M, Cristea C, Mirel S. Wearable Sensors for the Detection of Biomarkers for Wound Infection. BIOSENSORS 2021; 12:1. [PMID: 35049629 PMCID: PMC8773884 DOI: 10.3390/bios12010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Infection represents a major complication that can affect wound healing in any type of wound, especially in chronic ones. There are currently certain limitations to the methods that are used for establishing a clinical diagnosis of wound infection. Thus, new, rapid and easy-to-use strategies for wound infection diagnosis need to be developed. To this aim, wearable sensors for infection diagnosis have been recently developed. These sensors are incorporated into the wound dressings that are used to treat and protect the wound, and are able to detect certain biomarkers that can be correlated with the presence of wound infection. Among these biomarkers, the most commonly used ones are pH and uric acid, but a plethora of others (lactic acid, oxygenation, inflammatory mediators, bacteria metabolites or bacteria) have also been detected using wearable sensors. In this work, an overview of the main types of wearable sensors for wound infection detection will be provided. These sensors will be divided into electrochemical, colorimetric and fluorimetric sensors and the examples will be presented and discussed comparatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Pusta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.P.); (M.T.)
- Department of Medical Devices, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Mihaela Tertiș
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Cecilia Cristea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Simona Mirel
- Department of Medical Devices, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Paschoalin RT, Gomes NO, Almeida GF, Bilatto S, Farinas CS, Machado SAS, Mattoso LHC, Oliveira ON, Raymundo-Pereira PA. Wearable sensors made with solution-blow spinning poly(lactic acid) for non-enzymatic pesticide detection in agriculture and food safety. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 199:113875. [PMID: 34922318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
On-site monitoring the presence of pesticides on crops and food samples is essential for precision and post-harvest agriculture, which demands nondestructive analytical methods for rapid, low-cost detection that is not achievable with gold standard methods. The synergy between eco-friendly substrates and printed devices may lead to wearable sensors for decentralized analysis of pesticides in precision agriculture. In this paper we report on a wearable non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor capable of detecting carbamate and bipyridinium pesticides on the surface of agricultural and food samples. The low-cost devices (<US$ 0.08 per unit) contained three-electrode systems deposited via screen-printing technology (SPE) on solution-blow spinning mats of poly (lactic acid) (PLA). The flexible PLA/SPE sensors can be used on flat, curved and irregular surfaces of leaves, vegetables and fruits. Detection was performed using differential pulse voltammetry and square wave voltammetry with detection limits of 43 and 57 nM for carbendazim and diquat, respectively. The wearable non-enzymatic sensor can discriminate and quantify carbendazim and diquat on apple and cabbage skins with no interference from other pesticides. The use of such wearable sensors may be extended to other agrochemicals, including with incorporation of active bio (sensing) layers for online monitoring of any type of agricultural products and foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella T Paschoalin
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Nathalia O Gomes
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, CEP 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela F Almeida
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agribusiness (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentation, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Stanley Bilatto
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agribusiness (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentation, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane S Farinas
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agribusiness (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentation, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio A S Machado
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, CEP 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz H C Mattoso
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agribusiness (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentation, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo N Oliveira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Raymundo-Pereira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Zhang Z, Lou Y, Guo C, Jia Q, Song Y, Tian JY, Zhang S, Wang M, He L, Du M. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) based chemosensors/biosensors for analysis of food contaminants. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ameku WA, Ataide VN, Costa ET, Gomes LR, Napoleão-Pêgo P, William Provance D, Paixão TRLC, Salles MO, De-Simone SG. A Pencil-Lead Immunosensor for the Rapid Electrochemical Measurement of Anti-Diphtheria Toxin Antibodies. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:489. [PMID: 34940247 PMCID: PMC8699316 DOI: 10.3390/bios11120489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Diphtheria is a vaccine-preventable disease, yet immunization can wane over time to non-protective levels. We have developed a low-cost, miniaturized electroanalytical biosensor to quantify anti-diphtheria toxin (DTx) immunoglobulin G (anti-DTx IgG) antibody to minimize the risk for localized outbreaks. Two epitopes specific to DTx and recognized by antibodies generated post-vaccination were selected to create a bi-epitope peptide, biEP, by synthesizing the epitopes in tandem. The biEP peptide was conjugated to the surface of a pencil-lead electrode (PLE) integrated into a portable electrode holder. Captured anti-DTx IgG was measured by square wave voltammetry from the generation of hydroquinone (HQ) from the resulting immunocomplex. The performance of the biEP reagent presented high selectivity and specificity for DTx. Under the optimized working conditions, a logarithmic calibration curve showed good linearity over the concentration range of 10-5-10-1 IU mL-1 and achieved a limit of detection of 5 × 10-6 IU mL-1. The final device proved suitable for interrogating the immunity level against DTx in actual serum samples. Results showed good agreement with those obtained from a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, the flexibility for conjugating other capture molecules to PLEs suggests that this technology could be easily adapted to the diagnoses of other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson A. Ameku
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Populations Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (W.A.A.); (L.R.G.); (P.N.-P.); (D.W.P.J.)
| | - Vanessa N. Ataide
- Electronic Languages and Electrochemical Sensors Laboratory, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (V.N.A.); (E.T.C.); (T.R.L.C.P.)
| | - Eric T. Costa
- Electronic Languages and Electrochemical Sensors Laboratory, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (V.N.A.); (E.T.C.); (T.R.L.C.P.)
| | - Larissa R. Gomes
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Populations Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (W.A.A.); (L.R.G.); (P.N.-P.); (D.W.P.J.)
| | - Paloma Napoleão-Pêgo
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Populations Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (W.A.A.); (L.R.G.); (P.N.-P.); (D.W.P.J.)
| | - David William Provance
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Populations Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (W.A.A.); (L.R.G.); (P.N.-P.); (D.W.P.J.)
| | - Thiago R. L. C. Paixão
- Electronic Languages and Electrochemical Sensors Laboratory, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (V.N.A.); (E.T.C.); (T.R.L.C.P.)
- National Institute of Bioanalytical Science and Technology, Campinas 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Maiara O. Salles
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil;
| | - Salvatore Giovanni De-Simone
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Populations Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (W.A.A.); (L.R.G.); (P.N.-P.); (D.W.P.J.)
- Cellular and Molecular Department, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil
- Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
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Pan Y, Shan D, Ding LL, Yang XD, Xu K, Huang H, Wang JF, Ren HQ. Developing a generally applicable electrochemical sensor for detecting macrolides in water with thiophene-based molecularly imprinted polymers. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 205:117670. [PMID: 34583204 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Our screening data revealed the threat macrolide antibiotics, especially azithromycin (AZN), posed to human health with its increasing occurrence in water environment. The electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) is a promising platform that caters for the next generation of intelligent wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) by virtue of its wide tolerance to water from all sources and in-situ monitoring. However, low initiation potentials of cross-linking monomers contributed by the electron-rich circumstance allowed them to usurp sites designed for functional monomers when electrically stimulated, leading to an unsatisfactory binding capacity. Another uncertainty is that multiple reaction sites of cross-linking monomers granted them complex polymerization routes and made it difficult to ensure the consistency of preparation. Serval monomers had been investigated with electrochemical tools and the performance of sensors constructed with these monomers were compared in this study. Based on the results, we proposed a protocol in which a novel functional monomer possessing a stronger electron-donating group, phenyl, was adopted to compete for the dominance in electropolymerization. Beyond that, the cross-linking monomer was modified with electron-withdrawing groups to raise its initiation potential. A monothiophene with a moderate initiation potential was also recruited as the linker to address the steric hindrance. In this way, polymerization proceeded in a specific order. It is worth mentioning that the Marangoni flow is an ideal tool to deal with the Coffee-ring deposition while drop-casting. The resulting sensor showed good performance with a limitation of detection (LOD) of 0.120 μM for AZN and a satisfactory selectivity, and the design can be applied to constructing sensors for a variety of macrolide antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dan Shan
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Li-Li Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xu-Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jin-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong-Qiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Moncer F, Adhoum N, Catak D, Monser L. Electrochemical sensor based on MIP for highly sensitive detection of 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid carcinoid cancer biomarker in human biological fluids. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1181:338925. [PMID: 34556226 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemically synthetized nano-sensor based on molecularly imprinted polypyrrole (MIPPy) was successfully developed for the detection of 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) in human biological fluids namely serum, urine, and plasma. The imprinted glassy carbon electrode was prepared by electropolymerisation of pyrrole via cyclic voltammetry (C.V). After completely leaching the imprinted molecules from the polymeric network, complementary cavities are created. The developed MIPPy sensor, under optimized conditions, shows a high sensitivity towards the target molecule (LOQ = 5 × 10-11 M). Moreover, it presents a wide linear response in the range of 5 × 10-11 - 5 × 10-5 M (R2 > 0.999) with a detection limit of 15 × 10-12 M. In order to evaluate the selectivity of the MIPPy film, several structural analogues and compounds forming the real matrices were tested. The obtained results show an excellent recovery rate (between 98.86 and 101.52%) proving the promising application of the proposed nano-sensor in the detection of 5-HIAA in human biological fluids without any significant interference recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Moncer
- EcoChimie Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Carthage University, Tunisia; Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Materials, and Environment, UR16ES02, Preparatory School for Engineering Studies, Kairouan University, Tunisia.
| | - Nafaâ Adhoum
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Materials, and Environment, UR16ES02, Preparatory School for Engineering Studies, Kairouan University, Tunisia
| | - Darmin Catak
- National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, DTU Nanolab, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Lotfi Monser
- EcoChimie Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Carthage University, Tunisia; Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Materials, and Environment, UR16ES02, Preparatory School for Engineering Studies, Kairouan University, Tunisia.
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Mueller A. A Note about Crosslinking Density in Imprinting Polymerization. Molecules 2021; 26:5139. [PMID: 34500573 PMCID: PMC8434133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Imprinting polymerization is an exciting technique since it leads to specific binding sites, which are the basis of a variety of applications, such as sensors, detectors, and catalysts. The specific binding sites are created using templates and then fixing the structure of the binding site with crosslinking. The literature review of imprinting polymerizations shows that the crosslinking density governs the physical properties of the resulting molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP). It is also a factor governing the capacity and the selectivity of MIPs. Reviewing polymer science data and theory, the crosslinking density commonly used in MIP synthesis is unusually high. The data reviewed here suggest that more research is needed to determine the optimal crosslinking density for MIPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Mueller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
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