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Gao H, Xue J, Yuan L, Sun Y, Song Y, Zhang C, Li R, Jia X. Systematic characterization of CsbZIP transcription factors in Camelina sativa and functional analysis of CsbZIP-A12 mediating regulation of unsaturated fatty acid-enriched oil biosynthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132273. [PMID: 38734348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors (TFs) function importantly in numerous life processes in plants. However, bZIP members and their biological roles remain unknown in Camelina sativa, a worldwide promising oil crop. Here, 220 CsbZIP proteins were identified in camelina and classified into thirteen groups. Two and 347 pairs of tandem and segmental duplication genes were detected to be underwent purification selection, with segmental duplication as the main driven-force of CsbZIP gene family expansion. Most CsbZIP genes displayed a tissue-specific expression pattern. Particularly, CsbZIP-A12 significantly positively correlated with many FA/oil biosynthesis-related genes, indicating CsbZIP-A12 may regulate lipid biosynthesis. Notably, yeast one-hybrid (Y1H), β-Glucuronidase (GUS), dual-luciferase (LUC) and EMSA assays evidenced that CsbZIP-A12 located in nucleus interacted with the promoters of CsSAD2-3 and CsFAD3-3 genes responsible for unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) synthesis, thus activating their transcriptions. Overexpression of CsbZIP-A12 led to an increase of total lipid by 3.275 % compared to the control, followed with oleic and α-linolenic acid levels enhanced by 3.4 % and 5.195 %, and up-regulated the expressions of CsSAD2-3, CsFAD3-3 and CsPDAT2-3 in camelina seeds. Furthermore, heterogeneous expression of CsbZIP-A12 significantly up-regulated the expressions of NtSAD2, NtFAD3 and NtPDAT genes in tobacco plants, thereby improving the levels of total lipids and UFAs in both leaves and seeds without negative effects on other agronomic traits. Together, our findings suggest that CsbZIP-A12 upregulates FA/oil biosynthesis by activating CsSAD2-3 and CsFAD3-3 as well as possible other related genes. These data lay a foundation for further functional analyses of CsbZIPs, providing new insights into the TF-based lipid metabolic engineering to increase vegetable oil yield and health-beneficial quality in oilseeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Gao
- College of Agronomy/Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Engineering Research Center for Genetics and Metabolism of Special Crops, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinai Xue
- College of Agronomy/Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Engineering Research Center for Genetics and Metabolism of Special Crops, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Lixia Yuan
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Agronomy/Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Engineering Research Center for Genetics and Metabolism of Special Crops, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanan Song
- College of Agronomy/Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Engineering Research Center for Genetics and Metabolism of Special Crops, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- College of Agronomy/Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Engineering Research Center for Genetics and Metabolism of Special Crops, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Runzhi Li
- College of Agronomy/Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Engineering Research Center for Genetics and Metabolism of Special Crops, Taigu, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Jia
- College of Agronomy/Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Engineering Research Center for Genetics and Metabolism of Special Crops, Taigu, Shanxi, China.
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2
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Claver A, Luján MÁ, Escuín JM, Schilling M, Jouhet J, Savirón M, López MV, Picorel R, Jarne C, Cebolla VL, Alfonso M. Transcriptomic and lipidomic analysis of the differential pathway contribution to the incorporation of erucic acid to triacylglycerol during Pennycress seed maturation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1386023. [PMID: 38736440 PMCID: PMC11082276 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1386023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Thlaspi arvense (Pennycress) is an emerging feedstock for biofuel production because of its high seed oil content enriched in erucic acid. A transcriptomic and a lipidomic study were performed to analyze the dynamics of gene expression, glycerolipid content and acyl-group distribution during seed maturation. Genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis were expressed at the early stages of seed maturation. Genes encoding enzymes of the Kennedy pathway like diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 (TaDGAT1), lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (TaLPAT) or glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase (TaGPAT) increased their expression with maturation, coinciding with the increase in triacylglycerol species containing 22:1. Positional analysis showed that the most abundant triacylglycerol species contained 18:2 at sn-2 position in all maturation stages, suggesting no specificity of the lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase for very long chain fatty acids. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase2 (TaDGAT2) mRNA was more abundant at the initial maturation stages, coincident with the rapid incorporation of 22:1 to triacylglycerol, suggesting a coordination between Diacylglycerol acyltransferase enzymes for triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Genes encoding the phospholipid-diacylglycerol acyltransferase (TaPDAT1), lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (TaLPCAT) or phosphatidylcholine diacylglycerolcholine phosphotransferase (TaPDCT), involved in acyl-editing or phosphatidyl-choline (PC)-derived diacylglycerol (DAG) biosynthesis showed also higher expression at the early maturation stages, coinciding with a higher proportion of triacylglycerol containing C18 fatty acids. These results suggested a higher contribution of these two pathways at the early stages of seed maturation. Lipidomic analysis of the content and acyl-group distribution of diacylglycerol and phosphatidyl-choline pools was compatible with the acyl content in triacylglycerol at the different maturation stages. Our data point to a model in which a strong temporal coordination between pathways and isoforms in each pathway, both at the expression and acyl-group incorporation, contribute to high erucic triacylglycerol accumulation in Pennycress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Claver
- Department of Plant Biology, Estación Experimental Aula Dei-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEAD-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Luján
- Department of Plant Biology, Estación Experimental Aula Dei-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEAD-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Manuel Escuín
- Instituto de Carboquímica-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICB-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marion Schilling
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commisariat de l'Energie Atomique-Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (CNRS-CEA-INRAE), Grenoble, France
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commisariat de l'Energie Atomique-Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (CNRS-CEA-INRAE), Grenoble, France
| | - María Savirón
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Química y Materiales de Aragón-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEQMA-CSIC)-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M. Victoria López
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Estación Experimental Aula Dei-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEAD-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rafael Picorel
- Department of Plant Biology, Estación Experimental Aula Dei-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEAD-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Jarne
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vicente L. Cebolla
- Instituto de Carboquímica-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICB-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel Alfonso
- Department of Plant Biology, Estación Experimental Aula Dei-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEAD-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
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3
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Abdullah HM, Pang N, Chilcoat B, Shachar-Hill Y, Schnell DJ, Dhankher OP. Overexpression of the Phosphatidylcholine:DiacylglycerolCholinephosphotransferase (PDCT) gene increases carbon flux toward triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis in Camelinasativa seeds. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108470. [PMID: 38422576 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Camelinasativa has considerable promise as a dedicated industrial oilseed crop. Its oil-based blends have been tested and approved as liquid transportation fuels. Previously, we utilized metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling approaches and identified metabolic bottlenecks that control oil production and accumulation in seeds. Accordingly, we selected candidate genes for the metabolic engineering of Camelina. Here we targeted the overexpression of Camelina PDCT gene, which encodes the phosphatidylcholine: diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase enzyme. PDCT is proposed as a gatekeeper responsible for the interconversions of diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) pools and has the potential to increase the levels of TAG in seeds. To confirm whether increased CsPDCT activity in developing Camelina seeds would enhance carbon flux toward increased levels of TAG and alter oil composition, we overexpressed the CsPDCT gene under the control of the seed-specific phaseolin promoter. Camelina transgenics exhibited significant increases in seed yield (19-56%), seed oil content (9-13%), oil yields per plant (32-76%), and altered polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content compared to their parental wild-type (WT) plants. Results from [14C] acetate labeling of Camelina developing embryos expressing CsPDCT in culture indicated increased rates of radiolabeled fatty acid incorporation into glycerolipids (up to 64%, 59%, and 43% higher in TAG, DAG, and PC, respectively), relative to WT embryos. We conclude that overexpression of PDCT appears to be a positive strategy to achieve a synergistic effect on the flux through the TAG synthesis pathway, thereby further increasing oil yields in Camelina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham M Abdullah
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, 01003, USA; Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt.
| | - Na Pang
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Benjamin Chilcoat
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Yair Shachar-Hill
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Danny J Schnell
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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Liu X, Li Z, Ying J, Shu Y, Liu W, Li G, Chen L, Luo J, Wang S, Wang Y, Tong X, Huang J, Du H, Zhang J. Multi-gene engineering boosts oil content in rice grains. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100736. [PMID: 37864331 PMCID: PMC10873885 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Jiezheng Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Yazhou Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Wanning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Guanghao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Jinjin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Shiyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Xiaohong Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Hao Du
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China.
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5
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Gong W, Chen W, Gao Q, Qian L, Yuan X, Tang S, Hong Y. Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase GPAT9 Enhanced Seed Oil Accumulation and Eukaryotic Galactolipid Synthesis in Brassica napus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16111. [PMID: 38003299 PMCID: PMC10671787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase GPAT9 catalyzes the first acylation of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P), a committed step of glycerolipid synthesis in Arabidopsis. The role of GPAT9 in Brassica napus remains to be elucidated. Here, we identified four orthologs of GPAT9 and found that BnaGPAT9 encoded by BnaC01T0014600WE is a predominant isoform and promotes seed oil accumulation and eukaryotic galactolipid synthesis in Brassica napus. BnaGPAT9 is highly expressed in developing seeds and is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Ectopic expression of BnaGPAT9 in E. coli and siliques of Brassica napus enhanced phosphatidic acid (PA) production. Overexpression of BnaGPAT9 enhanced seed oil accumulation resulting from increased 18:2-fatty acid. Lipid profiling in developing seeds showed that overexpression of BnaGPAT9 led to decreased phosphatidylcholine (PC) and a corresponding increase in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), implying that BnaGPAT9 promotes PC flux to storage triacylglycerol (TAG). Furthermore, overexpression of BnaGPAT9 also enhanced eukaryotic galactolipids including monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), with increased 36:6-MGDG and 36:6-DGDG, and decreased 34:6-MGDG in developing seeds. Collectively, these results suggest that ER-localized BnaGPAT9 promotes PA production, thereby enhancing seed oil accumulation and eukaryotic galactolipid biosynthesis in Brassica napus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yueyun Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.G.); (W.C.); (Q.G.); (L.Q.); (X.Y.); (S.T.)
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6
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Hu W, Ma J, Zhang H, Miu X, Miao X, Deng Y. Integrated lipidomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals diacylglycerol accumulation in olive of Longnan (China). PeerJ 2023; 11:e15724. [PMID: 37583911 PMCID: PMC10424668 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Olive (Olea europaea L.) oil accumulate more diacylglycerols (DAG) than mostly vegetable oils. Unsaturated fatty acids-enriched DAG consumption enhanced wellness in subjects. However, the mechanism of DAG accumulation is not yet fully understood. Methods In this study, gene network of DAG accumulation and fatty acid composition in the two olive mesocarps ("Chenggu 32" (CG) and "Koroneiki" (QJ)) were investigated by integrating lipidome and transcriptome techniques. Results A total of 1,408 lipid molecules were identified by lipidomic analysis in olive mesocarp, of which DAG (DAG36:3, DAG36:4 and DAG36:5) showed higher content, and triacylglycerols (TAG54:3, TAG54:4) exhibited opposite trend in CG. Specifically, DAG was rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (especially C18:2) at the sn-2 position, which was inconsistent with TAG at the same positions (Primarily C18:1). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that phospholipase C (NPC, EC 3.1.4.3) were up-regulated relative to QJ, whereas diacylglycerol kinase (ATP) (DGK, EC 2.7.1.107), diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20), and phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT, EC 2.3.1.158) were down-regulated. Conclusion We speculated that the non-acyl coenzyme A pathway played a significant role in DAG biosynthesis. Additionally, fatty acyl-ACP thioesterase B (FATB, EC 3.1.2.14), stearoyl [acyl-carrier-protein] 9-desaturase (SAD, EC 1.14.19.2) and omega-6 fatty acid desaturase (FAD2, EC 1.14.19.6) were highly expressed in CG and may be involved in regulating fatty acid composition. Meanwhile, phospholipase A1 (LCAT, EC 3.1.1.32) involved in the acyl editing reaction facilitated PUFA linkage at the sn-2 position of DAG. Our findings provide novel insights to increase the DAG content, improve the fatty acid composition of olive oil, and identify candidate genes for the production of DAG-rich oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Junyi Ma
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xin Miu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xin Miao
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Institute of Olive, Longnan Academy of Economic Forestry, Wudu, Gansu, China
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7
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Haq ME, Mira MM, Duncan RW, Hill RD, Stasolla C. Seed-specific expression of the class 2 Phytoglobin (Pgb2) increases seed oil in Brassica napus. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 287:154032. [PMID: 37392526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
To examine the function of phytoglobin 2 (Pgb2) on seed oil level in the oil-producing crop Brassica napus L., we generated transgenic plants in which BnPgb2 was over-expressed in the seeds using the cruciferin1 promoter. Over-expression of BnPgb2 elevated the amount of oil, which showed a positive relationship with the level of BnPgb2, without altering the oil nutritional value, as evidenced by the lack of major changes in composition of fatty acids (FA), and key agronomic traits. Two key transcription factors, LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1) and WRINKLED1 (WRI1), known to promote the synthesis of fatty acids (FA) and potentiate oil accumulation, were induced in BnPgb2 over-expressing seeds. The concomitant induction of several enzymes of sucrose metabolism, SUCROSE SYNTHASE1 (SUS) 1 and 3, FRUCTOSE BISPHOSPHATE ALDOLASE (FPA), and PHOSPHOGLYCERATE KINASE (PGK), and starch synthesis, ADP-GLUCOSE PHOSPHORYLASE (AGPase) suggests that BnPgb2 favors sugar mobilization for FA production. The two plastid FA biosynthetic enzymes SUBUNIT A OF ACETYL-CoA CARBOXYLASE (ACCA2), and MALONYL-CoA:ACP TRANSACYLASE (MCAT) were also up-regulated by the over-expression of BnPgb2. The requirement of BnPgb2 for oil deposition was further evidenced in natural germplasm by the higher levels of BnPgb2 in seeds of high-oil genotypes relative to their low-oil counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ehsanul Haq
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T2Z2, MB, Canada
| | - Mohammed M Mira
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T2Z2, MB, Canada
| | - Robert W Duncan
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T2Z2, MB, Canada
| | - Robert D Hill
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T2Z2, MB, Canada
| | - Claudio Stasolla
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T2Z2, MB, Canada.
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Yan B, Haiyang Zhang, Li H, Gao Y, Wei Y, Chang C, Zhang L, Li Z, Zhu L, Xu J. Molecular regulation of lipid metabolism in Suaeda salsa. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107894. [PMID: 37482030 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Suaeda salsa is remarkable for its high oil content and abundant unsaturated fatty acids. In this study, the regulatory networks on fatty acid and lipid metabolism were constructed by combining the de novo transcriptome and lipidome data. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with lipids biosynthesis pathways were identified in the S. salsa transcriptome. DEGs involved in fatty acid and glycerolipids were generally up-regulated in leaf tissues. DEGs for TAG assembly were enriched in developing seeds, while DEGs in phospholipid metabolic pathways were enriched in root tissues. Polar lipids were extracted from S. salsa tissues and analyzed by lipidomics. The proportion of galactolipid MGDG was the highest in S. salsa leaves. The molar percentage of PG was high in the developing seeds, and the other main phospholipids had higher molar percentage in roots of S. salsa. The predominant C36:6 molecular species indicates that S. salsa is a typical 18:3 plant. The combined transcriptomic and lipidomic data revealed that different tissues of S. salsa were featured with DEGs associated with specific lipid metabolic pathways, therefore, represented unique lipid profiles. This study will be helpful on understanding lipid metabolism pathway and exploring the key genes involved in lipid synthesis in S. salsa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Yan
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China; Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Postdoctoral Programme, Institute of Industrial Crops, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Huixin Li
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Yuqiao Gao
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Yulei Wei
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Chuanyi Chang
- Harbin Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Postdoctoral Programme, Institute of Industrial Crops, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zuotong Li
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China.
| | - Jingyu Xu
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China.
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9
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Tan Q, Han B, Haque ME, Li YL, Wang Y, Wu D, Wu SB, Liu AZ. The molecular mechanism of WRINKLED1 transcription factor regulating oil accumulation in developing seeds of castor bean. PLANT DIVERSITY 2023; 45:469-478. [PMID: 37601547 PMCID: PMC10435909 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor WRINKLED1 (WRI1), a member of AP2 gene family that contain typical AP2 domains, has been considered as a master regulator regulating oil biosynthesis in oilseeds. However, the regulatory mechanism of RcWRI1 in regulating oil accumulation during seed development has not been clearly addressed. Castor bean (Ricinus communis) is one of the most important non-edible oil crops and its seed oils are rich in hydroxy fatty acids, widely applied in industry. In this study, based on castor bean reference genome, three RcWRIs genes (RcWRI1, RcWRI2 and RcWRI3) were identified and the expressed association of RcWRI1 with oil accumulation were determined. Heterologous transformation of RcWRI1 significantly increased oil content in tobacco leaf, confirming that RcWRI1 activate lipid biosynthesis pathway. Using DNA Affinity Purification sequencing (DAP-seq) technology, we confirmed RcWRI1 binding with Transcription Start Site of genes and identified 7961 WRI1-binding candidate genes. Functionally, these identified genes were mainly involved in diverse metabolism pathways (including lipid biosynthesis). Three cis-elements AW-box ([CnTnG](n)7[CG]) and AW-boxes like ([GnAnC](n)6[GC]/[GnAnC](n)7[G]) bound with RcWRI1 were identified. Co-expression network analysis of RcWRI1 further found that RcWRI1 might be widely involved in biosynthesis of storage materials during seed development. In particular, yeast one hybrid experiments found that both AP2 domains within RcWRI1 were required in binding targeted genes. These results not only provide new evidence to understand the regulatory mechanism of RcWRI1 in regulation of oil accumulation during castor bean seed development, but also give candidate gene resource for subsequent genetic improvement toward increasing oil content in oilseed crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tan
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bing Han
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Mohammad Enamul Haque
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Ye-Lan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Di Wu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Shi-Bo Wu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Ai-Zhong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China (Ministry of Education), Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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10
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Fell DA, Taylor DC, Weselake RJ, Harwood JL. Metabolic Control Analysis of triacylglycerol accumulation in oilseed rape. Biosystems 2023; 227-228:104905. [PMID: 37100112 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.104905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
The increasing global demand for vegetable oils will only be met if there are significant improvements in the productivity of the major oil crops, such as oilseed rape. Metabolic engineering offers the prospect of further gains in yield beyond that already achieved by breeding and selection but requires guidance as to the changes that need to be made. Metabolic Control Analysis, through measurement and estimation of flux control coefficients, can indicate which enzymes have the most influence on a desired flux. Some experiments have previously reported flux control coefficients for oil accumulation in the seeds of oilseed rape, and others have measured control coefficient distributions for multi-enzyme segments of oil synthesis in seed embryo metabolism measured in vitro. In addition, other reported manipulations of oil accumulation contain results that are exploited further here to calculate previously unknown flux control coefficients. These results are then assembled within a framework that allows an integrated interpretation of the controls on oil accumulation from the assimilation of CO2 to deposition of oil in the seed. The analysis shows that the control is distributed to an extent that the gains from amplifying any single target are necessarily limited, but there are candidates for joint amplification that are likely to act synergistically to produce much more significant gains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David C Taylor
- National Research Council of Canada 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - John L Harwood
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
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11
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Xu K, Zou W, Peng B, Guo C, Zou X. Lipid Droplets from Plants and Microalgae: Characteristics, Extractions, and Applications. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040594. [PMID: 37106794 PMCID: PMC10135979 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant and algal LDs are gaining popularity as a promising non-chemical technology for the production of lipids and oils. In general, these organelles are composed of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer and various surface-associated proteins. Many studies have shown that LDs are involved in numerous biological processes such as lipid trafficking and signaling, membrane remodeling, and intercellular organelle communications. To fully exploit the potential of LDs for scientific research and commercial applications, it is important to develop suitable extraction processes that preserve their properties and functions. However, research on LD extraction strategies is limited. This review first describes recent progress in understanding the characteristics of LDs, and then systematically introduces LD extraction strategies. Finally, the potential functions and applications of LDs in various fields are discussed. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the properties and functions of LDs, as well as potential approaches for their extraction and utilization. It is hoped that these findings will inspire further research and innovation in the field of LD-based technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwei Xu
- Institute of Systems Security and Control, College of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710074, China
| | - Wen Zou
- State Owned SIDA Machinery Manufacturing, Xianyang 712201, China
| | - Biao Peng
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710074, China
- Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xiaotong Zou
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
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12
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Xie L, Hu J, Yan Z, Li X, Wei S, Xu R, Yang W, Gu H, Zhang Q. Tree peony transcription factor PrWRI1 enhances seed oil accumulation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:127. [PMID: 36882682 PMCID: PMC9990299 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND WRINKLED1 (WRI1) encodes a transcription factor, belonging to the APETALA2 (AP2) family, and plays a key role in regulating plant oil biosynthesis. As a newly woody oil crop, tree peony (Paeonia rockii) was notable for the abundant unsaturated fatty acids in its seed oil. However, the role of WRI1 during the accumulation of P. rockii seeds oil remains largely unknown. RESULTS In this study, a new member of the WRI1 family was isolated from P. rockii and was named PrWRI1. The ORF of PrWRI1 consisted of 1269 nucleotides, encoding a putative protein of 422 amino acids, and was highly expressed in immature seeds. Subcellular localization analysis in onion inner epidermal cells showed that PrWRI1 was located at the nucleolus. Ectopic overexpression of PrWRI1 could significantly increase the total fatty acid content in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf tissue and even PUFAs in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. Furthermore, the transcript levels of most genes related to fatty acids (FA) synthesis and triacylglycerol (TAG) assembly were also up-regulated in transgenic Arabidopsis seeds. CONCLUSIONS Together, PrWRI1 could push carbon flow to FA biosynthesis and further enhance the TAG amount in seeds with a high proportion of PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihang Xie
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Jiayuan Hu
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenguo Yan
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, MARA, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Xinyao Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Sailong Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Ruilin Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Weizong Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shannxi, China
| | - Huihui Gu
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shannxi, China.
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13
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Deng S, Wang R, Tao C, Li L, Wang S, Jia C, Liu Y, Du R, Du L, Yang J. Genome-wide analysis of CtNF-YB and lipid synthesis regulation of CtNF-YB12 in Carthamus tinctorius L. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:57-72. [PMID: 36309876 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02936-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear Factor YB of Carthamus tinctorius L. increased the content of unsaturated fatty acids by regulating the expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and oil accumulation. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed oil is rich in linoleic acid and is widely used in food and medicine. Therefore, key genes regulating oil synthesis were mined through genetic engineering to provide genetic resources for improving oil content. Based on the conserved domain of the NF-YB, we screened and identified 14 CtNF-YB transcription factors in the safflower genome and divided them into three subfamilies through phylogenetic analysis. Regulatory motif analysis of the CtNF-YB promoter revealed specific cis-regulatory elements related to abiotic stress, growth, and development. Expression analysis of CtNF-YB family genes showed that non-Leafy Cotyledon 1(non-LEC1) genes were highly expressed in roots, leaves, and flowers; Leafy Cotyledon 1(LEC1) genes were highly expressed during early seed development; and Dr1-like genes were highly expressed in roots, stems, and leaves. CtNF-YB12 was identified as a LEC1 transcription factor based on phylogeny and BLAST alignment. Heterologous CtNF-YB12 expression in Arabidopsis thaliana increased seed pod length and seed size. Moreover, CtNF-YB12 overexpression increased the oil content of seeds, upregulated genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and glycolysis, and altered the content of unsaturated fatty acids, including oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), and linolenic acid (C18:3), as well as of sucrose, fructose, and glucose. CtNF-YB12 may increase the oil content by regulating key enzyme genes of oil synthesis, so it can be used as a reliable target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Deng
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ruinan Wang
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chenlu Tao
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Lixia Li
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chang Jia
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ruo Du
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Linna Du
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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14
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Burgess AJ, Masclaux‐Daubresse C, Strittmatter G, Weber APM, Taylor SH, Harbinson J, Yin X, Long S, Paul MJ, Westhoff P, Loreto F, Ceriotti A, Saltenis VLR, Pribil M, Nacry P, Scharff LB, Jensen PE, Muller B, Cohan J, Foulkes J, Rogowsky P, Debaeke P, Meyer C, Nelissen H, Inzé D, Klein Lankhorst R, Parry MAJ, Murchie EH, Baekelandt A. Improving crop yield potential: Underlying biological processes and future prospects. Food Energy Secur 2022; 12:e435. [PMID: 37035025 PMCID: PMC10078444 DOI: 10.1002/fes3.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing world population and global increases in the standard of living both result in an increasing demand for food, feed and other plant-derived products. In the coming years, plant-based research will be among the major drivers ensuring food security and the expansion of the bio-based economy. Crop productivity is determined by several factors, including the available physical and agricultural resources, crop management, and the resource use efficiency, quality and intrinsic yield potential of the chosen crop. This review focuses on intrinsic yield potential, since understanding its determinants and their biological basis will allow to maximize the plant's potential in food and energy production. Yield potential is determined by a variety of complex traits that integrate strictly regulated processes and their underlying gene regulatory networks. Due to this inherent complexity, numerous potential targets have been identified that could be exploited to increase crop yield. These encompass diverse metabolic and physical processes at the cellular, organ and canopy level. We present an overview of some of the distinct biological processes considered to be crucial for yield determination that could further be exploited to improve future crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J. Burgess
- School of Biosciences University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington campus Loughborough UK
| | | | - Günter Strittmatter
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Andreas P. M. Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | | | - Jeremy Harbinson
- Laboratory for Biophysics Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Stephen Long
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK
- Plant Biology and Crop Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | | | - Peter Westhoff
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy and University of Naples Federico II Napoli Italy
| | - Aldo Ceriotti
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology National Research Council (CNR) Milan Italy
| | - Vandasue L. R. Saltenis
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Mathias Pribil
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Philippe Nacry
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CNRS Institut Agro Montpellier France
| | - Lars B. Scharff
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Bertrand Muller
- Université de Montpellier ‐ LEPSE – INRAE Institut Agro Montpellier France
| | | | - John Foulkes
- School of Biosciences University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington campus Loughborough UK
| | - Peter Rogowsky
- INRAE UMR Plant Reproduction and Development Lyon France
| | | | - Christian Meyer
- IJPB UMR1318 INRAE‐AgroParisTech‐Université Paris Saclay Versailles France
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent Belgium
| | - René Klein Lankhorst
- Wageningen Plant Research Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | | | - Erik H. Murchie
- School of Biosciences University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington campus Loughborough UK
| | - Alexandra Baekelandt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent Belgium
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15
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Yin Y, Raboanatahiry N, Chen K, Chen X, Tian T, Jia J, He H, He J, Guo Z, Yu L, Li M. Class A lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase 2 from Camelina sativa promotes very long-chain fatty acids accumulation in phospholipid and triacylglycerol. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:1141-1158. [PMID: 36209492 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are important industrial raw materials and can be produced by genetically modified oil plants. For a long time, class A lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAT) was considered unable to promote the accumulation of VLCFA in oil crops. The bottlenecks that the transgenic high VLCFA lines have an oil content penalty and the low amount of VLCFA in phosphatidylcholine remains intractable. In the present study, a class A LPAT2 from Camelina sativa (CsaLPAT2) promoting VLCFAs accumulation in phospholipid was found. Overexpression of CsaLPAT2 alone in Arabidopsis seeds significantly increased the VLCFA content in triacylglycerol, including C20:0, C20:2, C20:3, C22:0, and C22:1. The proportion of phosphatidic acid molecules containing VLCFAs in transgenic seeds reached up to 45%, which was 2.8-fold greater than that in wild type. The proportion of phosphatidylcholine and diacylglycerol molecules containing VLCFAs also increased significantly. Seed size in CsaLPAT2 transgenic lines showed a slight increase without an oil content penalty. The total phospholipid content in the seed of the CsaLPAT2 transgenic line was significantly increased. Furthermore, the function of class A LPAT in promoting the accumulation of VLCFAs is conserved in the representative oil crops of Brassicaceae, such as C. sativa, Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, and Brassica oleracea. The findings of this study provide a promising gene resource for the production of VLCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtai Yin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Nadia Raboanatahiry
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xinfeng Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jia Jia
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hongsheng He
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jianjie He
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhenyi Guo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Longjiang Yu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Maoteng Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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16
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Han L, Zhai Y, Wang Y, Shi X, Xu Y, Gao S, Zhang M, Luo J, Zhang Q. Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 3(DGAT3) Is Responsible for the Biosynthesis of Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Vegetative Organs of Paeonia rockii. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214390. [PMID: 36430868 PMCID: PMC9692848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
'Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT)' acts as a key rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the final step of the de novo biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG). The study was to characterize the function of the DGAT3 gene in Paeonia rockii, which is known for its accumulation of high levels of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). We identified a DGAT3 gene which encodes a soluble protein that is located within the chloroplasts of P. rockii. Functional complementarity experiments in yeast demonstrated that PrDGAT3 restored TAG synthesis. Linoleic acid (LA, C18:2) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3) are essential unsaturated fatty acids that cannot be synthesized by the human body. Through the yeast lipotoxicity test, we found that the yeast cell density was largely increased by adding exogenous LA and, especially, ALA to the yeast medium. Further ectopic transient overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf tissue and stable overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana indicated that PrDGAT3 significantly enhanced the accumulation of the TAG and UFAs. In contrast, we observed a significant decrease in the total fatty acid content and in several major fatty acids in PrDGAT3-silenced tree peony leaves. Overall, PrDGAT3 is important in catalyzing TAG synthesis, with a substrate preference for UFAs, especially LA and ALA. These results suggest that PrDGAT3 may have practical applications in improving plant lipid nutrition and increasing oil production in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyan Han
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology, Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yuhui Zhai
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology, Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology, Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xiangrui Shi
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology, Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yanfeng Xu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology, Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Shuguang Gao
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology, Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Man Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Jianrang Luo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology, Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology, Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-29-8708-2878; Fax: +86-29-8708-0269
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17
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Jia Y, Yao M, He X, Xiong X, Guan M, Liu Z, Guan C, Qian L. Transcriptome and Regional Association Analyses Reveal the Effects of Oleosin Genes on the Accumulation of Oil Content in Brassica napus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3140. [PMID: 36432869 PMCID: PMC9698637 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rapeseed stores lipids in the form of oil bodies. Oil bodies in the seeds of higher plants are surrounded by oleosins. Adjusting oleosin protein levels can prevent the fusion of oil bodies and maintain oil body size during seed development. However, oil contents are affected by many factors, and studies on the complex molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the variations in seed oil contents of B. napus are limited. In this study, a total of 53 BnOLEO (B. napus oleosin) genes were identified in the genome of B. napus through a genome-wide analysis. The promoter sequences of oleosin genes consisted of various light-, hormone-, and stress-related cis-acting elements, along with transcription factor (TF) binding sites, for 25 TF families in 53 BnOLEO genes. The differentially expressed oleosin genes between two high- and two low-oil-content accessions were explored. BnOLEO3-C09, BnOLEO4-A02, BnOLEO4-A09, BnOLEO2-C04, BnOLEO1-C01, and BnOLEO7-A03 showed higher expressions in the high-oil-content accessions than in low-oil-content accessions, at 25, 35, and 45 days after pollination (DAP) in two different environments. A regional association analysis of 50 re-sequenced rapeseed accessions was used to further analyze these six BnOLEO genes, and it revealed that the nucleotide variations in the BnOLEO1-C01 and BnOLEO7-A03 gene regions were related to the phenotypic variations in seed oil content. Moreover, a co-expression network analysis revealed that the BnOLEO genes were directly linked to lipid/fatty acid metabolism, TF, lipid transport, and carbohydrate genes, thus forming a molecular network involved in seed oil accumulation. These favorable haplotypes can be utilized in molecular marker-assisted selection in order to further improve seed oil contents in rapeseed.
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18
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Winichayakul S, Curran A, Moraga R, Cookson R, Xue H, Crowther T, Roldan M, Bryan G, Roberts N. An alternative angiosperm DGAT1 topology and potential motifs in the N-terminus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:951389. [PMID: 36186081 PMCID: PMC9523541 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.951389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The highly variable cytoplasmic N-terminus of the plant diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) has been shown to have roles in oligomerization as well as allostery; however, the biological significance of the variation within this region is not understood. Comparing the coding sequences over the variable N-termini revealed the Poaceae DGAT1s contain relatively high GC compositional gradients as well as numerous direct and inverted repeats in this region. Using a variety of reciprocal chimeric DGAT1s from angiosperms we show that related N-termini had similar effects (positive or negative) on the accumulation of the recombinant protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. When expressed in Camelina sativa seeds the recombinant proteins of specific chimeras elevated total lipid content of the seeds as well as increased seed size. In addition, we combine N- and C-terminal as well as internal tags with high pH membrane reformation, protease protection and differential permeabilization. This led us to conclude the C-terminus is in the ER lumen; this contradicts earlier reports of the cytoplasmic location of plant DGAT1 C-termini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somrutai Winichayakul
- Resilient Agriculture Innovation Centre of Excellence, AgResearch Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Amy Curran
- ZeaKal Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Roger Moraga
- Bioinformatics and Statistics, AgResearch Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Ruth Cookson
- Resilient Agriculture Innovation Centre of Excellence, AgResearch Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Hong Xue
- Resilient Agriculture Innovation Centre of Excellence, AgResearch Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Tracey Crowther
- Resilient Agriculture Innovation Centre of Excellence, AgResearch Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Marissa Roldan
- Resilient Agriculture Innovation Centre of Excellence, AgResearch Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Greg Bryan
- Resilient Agriculture Innovation Centre of Excellence, AgResearch Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
- ZeaKal Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Nick Roberts
- Resilient Agriculture Innovation Centre of Excellence, AgResearch Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
- ZeaKal Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
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19
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Silencing 1,3-β-glucan synthase gene promotes total lipid production and changes fatty acids composition by affecting carbon flow distribution in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Chen G, Harwood JL, Lemieux MJ, Stone SJ, Weselake RJ. Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase: Properties, physiological roles, metabolic engineering and intentional control. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 88:101181. [PMID: 35820474 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) catalyzes the last reaction in the acyl-CoA-dependent biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG). DGAT activity resides mainly in membrane-bound DGAT1 and DGAT2 in eukaryotes and bifunctional wax ester synthase-diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WSD) in bacteria, which are all membrane-bound proteins but exhibit no sequence homology to each other. Recent studies also identified other DGAT enzymes such as the soluble DGAT3 and diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (EaDAcT), as well as enzymes with DGAT activities including defective in cuticular ridges (DCR) and steryl and phytyl ester synthases (PESs). This review comprehensively discusses research advances on DGATs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes with a focus on their biochemical properties, physiological roles, and biotechnological and therapeutic applications. The review begins with a discussion of DGAT assay methods, followed by a systematic discussion of TAG biosynthesis and the properties and physiological role of DGATs. Thereafter, the review discusses the three-dimensional structure and insights into mechanism of action of human DGAT1, and the modeled DGAT1 from Brassica napus. The review then examines metabolic engineering strategies involving manipulation of DGAT, followed by a discussion of its therapeutic applications. DGAT in relation to improvement of livestock traits is also discussed along with DGATs in various other eukaryotic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 2P5, Canada.
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - M Joanne Lemieux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Scot J Stone
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 2P5, Canada
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21
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Chenarani N, Emamjomeh A, Rahnama H, Zamani K, Solouki M. Characterization of sucrose binding protein as a seed-specific promoter in transgenic tobacco Nicotiana tabacum L. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268036. [PMID: 35657906 PMCID: PMC9165846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed-specific expression using appropriate promoters is a recommended strategy for the efficiently producing valuable metabolites in transgenic plants. In the present study, we investigated the sequence of sucrose binding protein (SBP) as a seed-specific promoter to find the cis-acting elements specific to gene expression in seeds. The 1860 bp SBP sequence was analyzed using Plant Care and PLACE databases to find cis-acting elements, which resulted in a finding of 22 cis-acting elements required for seed expression. In addition, we have discovered cis- acting elements that are indirectly involved in triacylglycerol synthesis (GATABOX, DOFCOREZM, CACGTGMOTIF). The seed specificity of SBP was analyzed by generating a stable transgenic tobacco plant harboring β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene under the control of the SBP promoter. Histochemical analysis of these transgenic tobacco plants indicated decreasing GUS activity in the leaves during the vegetative stage. However, the mature seeds of transgenic plants showed GUS activity. Moreover, the SBP promoter function in the seed oil content was evaluated by the expression of DGAT1. The expression analysis of DGAT1 in SBP-DGAT1 transgenic tobacco seeds using quantitative real-time PCR revealed a 7.8-fold increase in DGAT1 than in non-transgenic plants. Moreover, oil content increased up to 2.19 times more than in non-transgenic plants. And the oil content of the SBP-DGAT1 transgenic tobacco leaves did not change compared to the control plant. Therefore, we suggested that the SBP promoter could be used as a seed-specific promoter for targeted expression of desired genes in the metabolite engineering of oilseed crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasibeh Chenarani
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology (PBB), Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Abbasali Emamjomeh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology (PBB), Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
- Department of Bioinformatics, Laboratory of Computational Biotechnology and Bioinformatics (CBB Lab), University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Hassan Rahnama
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biosafety, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Katayoun Zamani
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biosafety, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Solouki
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology (PBB), Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
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22
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Zhou Z, Lin B, Tan J, Hao P, Hua S, Deng Z. Tandem Mass Tag-Based Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Implication of a Late Embryogenesis Abundant Protein (BnLEA57) in Seed Oil Accumulation in Brassica napus L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:907244. [PMID: 35720596 PMCID: PMC9201403 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.907244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing oil content is one of the major goals in Brassica napus breeding; however, genetic regulation of seed oil content in plants is complex and not fully elucidated. In this study, we report proteins that were differentially accumulated in immature seeds of 35 days after anthesis between two recombinant inbred lines with contrasting seed oil content, high oil content line (HOCL) and low oil content line (LOCL) using a multiplex isobaric tandem mass tags (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic approach. Over 4,600 proteins were quantified in seeds of the two lines, and 342 proteins showed differential accumulation between seeds of HOCL and LOCL. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially accumulated proteins were enriched in proteins involved in lipid biosynthesis and metabolism, photosynthesis, and nutrient reservoir activity. Western blot confirmed the increased abundance of a late embryogenesis abundant protein (BnLEA57) in HOCL seeds compared with LOCL seeds, and overexpression of either BnLEA57 gene or its homology BnLEA55 in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced oil content in Arabidopsis seeds. Our work provides new insights into the molecular regulatory mechanism of seed oil content in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baogang Lin
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops, Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinjuan Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Hao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops, Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuijin Hua
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops, Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Rangan P, Maurya R, Singh S. Can omic tools help generate alternative newer sources of edible seed oil? PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e399. [PMID: 35774621 PMCID: PMC9219012 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There are three pathways for triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis: De novo TAG biosynthesis, phosphatidylcholine-derived biosynthesis, and cytosolic TAG biosynthesis. Variability in fatty acid composition is mainly associated with phosphatidylcholine-derived TAG pathway. Mobilization of TAG-formed through cytosolic pathway into lipid droplets is yet unknown. There are multiple regulatory checkpoints starting from acetyl-CoA carboxylase to the lipid droplet biogenesis in TAG biosynthesis. Although a primary metabolism, only a few species synthesize oil in seeds for storage, and less than 10 species are commercially exploited. To meet out the growing demand for oil, diversifying into newer sources is the only choice left. The present review highlights the potential strategies targeting species like Azadirachta, Callophyllum, Madhuca, Moringa, Pongamia, Ricinus, and Simarouba, which are not being used for eating but are otherwise high yielding (ranging from 1.5 to 20 tons per hectare) with seeds having a high oil content (40-60%). Additionally, understanding the toxin biosynthesis in Ricinus and Simarouba would be useful in developing toxin-free oil plants. Realization of the importance of cell cultures as "oil factories" is not too far into the future and would soon be a commercially viable option for producing oils in vitro, round the clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parimalan Rangan
- Division of Genomic ResourcesICAR‐National Bureau of Plant Genetic ResourcesNew Delhi‐12India
| | - Rasna Maurya
- Division of Genomic ResourcesICAR‐National Bureau of Plant Genetic ResourcesNew Delhi‐12India
| | - Shivani Singh
- Division of Genomic ResourcesICAR‐National Bureau of Plant Genetic ResourcesNew Delhi‐12India
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24
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Billings GT, Jones MA, Rustgi S, Bridges WC, Holland JB, Hulse-Kemp AM, Campbell BT. Outlook for Implementation of Genomics-Based Selection in Public Cotton Breeding Programs. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11111446. [PMID: 35684219 PMCID: PMC9182660 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Researchers have used quantitative genetics to map cotton fiber quality and agronomic performance loci, but many alleles may be population or environment-specific, limiting their usefulness in a pedigree selection, inbreeding-based system. Here, we utilized genotypic and phenotypic data on a panel of 80 important historical Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) lines to investigate the potential for genomics-based selection within a cotton breeding program’s relatively closed gene pool. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify alleles correlated to 20 fiber quality, seed composition, and yield traits and looked for a consistent detection of GWAS hits across 14 individual field trials. We also explored the potential for genomic prediction to capture genotypic variation for these quantitative traits and tested the incorporation of GWAS hits into the prediction model. Overall, we found that genomic selection programs for fiber quality can begin immediately, and the prediction ability for most other traits is lower but commensurate with heritability. Stably detected GWAS hits can improve prediction accuracy, although a significance threshold must be carefully chosen to include a marker as a fixed effect. We place these results in the context of modern public cotton line-breeding and highlight the need for a community-based approach to amass the data and expertise necessary to launch US public-sector cotton breeders into the genomics-based selection era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant T. Billings
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (G.T.B.); (J.B.H.)
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Michael A. Jones
- Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Florence, SC 29506, USA; (M.A.J.); (S.R.)
| | - Sachin Rustgi
- Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Florence, SC 29506, USA; (M.A.J.); (S.R.)
| | - William C. Bridges
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
| | - James B. Holland
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (G.T.B.); (J.B.H.)
- Plant Sciences Research Unit, The Agricultural Research Service of U.S. Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Amanda M. Hulse-Kemp
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (G.T.B.); (J.B.H.)
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, The Agricultural Research Service of U.S. Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC 27965, USA
- Correspondence: (A.M.H.-K.); (B.T.C.)
| | - B. Todd Campbell
- Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, The Agricultural Research Service of U.S. Department of Agriculture, Florence, SC 29501, USA
- Correspondence: (A.M.H.-K.); (B.T.C.)
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25
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Wang L, Wang Y, Makhmoudova A, Nitschke F, Tetlow IJ, Emes MJ. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated editing of starch branching enzymes results in altered starch structure in Brassica napus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1866-1886. [PMID: 34850950 PMCID: PMC8968267 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Starch branching enzymes (SBEs) are one of the major classes of enzymes that catalyze starch biosynthesis in plants. Here, we utilized the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9)-mediated gene editing system to investigate the effects of SBE mutation on starch structure and turnover in the oilseed crop Brassica napus. Multiple single-guide RNA (sgRNA) expression cassettes were assembled into a binary vector and two rounds of transformation were employed to edit all six BnaSBE genes. All mutations were heterozygous monoallelic or biallelic, and no chimeric mutations were detected from a total of 216 editing events. Previously unannotated gene duplication events associated with two BnaSBE genes were characterized through analysis of DNA sequencing chromatograms, reflecting the complexity of genetic information in B. napus. Five Cas9-free homozygous mutant lines carrying two to six mutations of BnaSBE were obtained, allowing us to compare the effect of editing different BnaSBE isoforms. We also found that in the sextuple sbe mutant, although indels were introduced at the genomic DNA level, an alternate transcript of one BnaSBE2.1 gene bypassed the indel-induced frame shift and was translated to a modified full-length protein. Subsequent analyses showed that the sextuple mutant possesses much lower SBE enzyme activity and starch branching frequency, higher starch-bound phosphate content, and altered pattern of amylopectin chain length distribution relative to wild-type (WT) plants. In the sextuple mutant, irregular starch granules and a slower rate of starch degradation during darkness were observed in rosette leaves. At the pod-filling stage, the sextuple mutant was distinguishable from WT plants by its thick main stem. This work demonstrates the applicability of the CRISPR-Cas9 system for the study of multi-gene families and for investigation of gene-dosage effects in the oil crop B. napus. It also highlights the need for rigorous analysis of CRISPR-Cas9-mutated plants, particularly with higher levels of ploidy, to ensure detection of gene duplications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - You Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Amina Makhmoudova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Felix Nitschke
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ian J Tetlow
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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26
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Overexpression of phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase in Brassica napus results in changes in lipid metabolism and oil accumulation. Biochem J 2022; 479:805-823. [PMID: 35298586 PMCID: PMC9022997 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of lipid metabolism in oil seeds is still not fully understood and increasing our knowledge in this regard is of great economic, as well as intellectual, importance. Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is a major global oil crop where increases in triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation have been achieved by overexpression of relevant biosynthetic enzymes. In this study, we expressed Arabidopsis phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT1), one of the two major TAG-forming plant enzymes in B. napus DH12075 to evaluate its effect on lipid metabolism in developing seeds and to estimate its flux control coefficient. Despite several-fold increase in PDAT activity, seeds of three independently generated PDAT transgenic events showed a small but consistent decrease in seed oil content and had altered fatty acid composition of phosphoglycerides and TAG, towards less unsaturation. Mass spectrometry imaging of seed sections confirmed the shift in lipid compositions and indicated that PDAT overexpression altered the distinct heterogeneous distributions of phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecular species. Similar, but less pronounced, changes in TAG molecular species distributions were observed. Our data indicate that PDAT exerts a small, negative, flux control on TAG biosynthesis and could have under-appreciated effects in fine-tuning of B. napus seed lipid composition in a tissue-specific manner. This has important implications for efforts to increase oil accumulation in similar crops.
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27
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Motto M, Sahay S. Energy plants (crops): potential natural and future designer plants. HANDBOOK OF BIOFUELS 2022:73-114. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822810-4.00004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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28
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Chu KL, Koley S, Jenkins LM, Bailey SR, Kambhampati S, Foley K, Arp JJ, Morley SA, Czymmek KJ, Bates PD, Allen DK. Metabolic flux analysis of the non-transitory starch tradeoff for lipid production in mature tobacco leaves. Metab Eng 2022; 69:231-248. [PMID: 34920088 PMCID: PMC8761171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic plasticity of tobacco leaves has been demonstrated via the generation of transgenic plants that can accumulate over 30% dry weight as triacylglycerols. In investigating the changes in carbon partitioning in these high lipid-producing (HLP) leaves, foliar lipids accumulated stepwise over development. Interestingly, non-transient starch was observed to accumulate with plant age in WT but not HLP leaves, with a drop in foliar starch concurrent with an increase in lipid content. The metabolic carbon tradeoff between starch and lipid was studied using 13CO2-labeling experiments and isotopically nonstationary metabolic flux analysis, not previously applied to the mature leaves of a crop. Fatty acid synthesis was investigated through assessment of acyl-acyl carrier proteins using a recently derived quantification method that was extended to accommodate isotopic labeling. Analysis of labeling patterns and flux modeling indicated the continued production of unlabeled starch, sucrose cycling, and a significant contribution of NADP-malic enzyme to plastidic pyruvate production for the production of lipids in HLP leaves, with the latter verified by enzyme activity assays. The results suggest an inherent capacity for a developmentally regulated carbon sink in tobacco leaves and may in part explain the uniquely successful leaf lipid engineering efforts in this crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Chu
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Somnath Koley
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Lauren M Jenkins
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Sally R Bailey
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA; United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | | | - Kevin Foley
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Jennifer J Arp
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Stewart A Morley
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA; United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Kirk J Czymmek
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Philip D Bates
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6340, USA
| | - Doug K Allen
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA; United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA.
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29
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Integrated Analysis of Fatty Acid Metabolism and Transcriptome Involved in Olive Fruit Development to Improve Oil Composition. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12121773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Olea europaea L. is an important oil crop with excellent nutritional properties. In this study, a full-length transcriptome combined with fatty acid composition was used to investigate the molecular mechanism of fatty acid (FA) metabolism of olive fruits at various stages of development (S1–S5). A total of 34 fatty acids (FAs) were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). All transcripts of FA metabolism during olive fruit development were studied, including glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis, triacylglycerol synthesis, and FA degradation. A total of 100 transcripts of 11 gene families, 68 transcripts of 12 gene families, 55 transcripts of 7 gene families, and 28 transcripts of 7 gene families were identified as encoding for enzymes involved in FA metabolism. Furthermore, one of the critical reactions in TAG metabolism is the activation of fatty acyl chains to fatty acyl CoA, which is catalyzed by long-chain acyl CoA synthetases (LACS). Phylogenetic analysis showed that 13 putative LACS-encoding genes clustered into five groups, of which two putative transcripts encoding LACS6/7 may participate in FA degradation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fatty acid from synthesis to degradation pathways during olive fruit development to provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of FA metabolism during olive fruit maturation and provide information to improve the synthesis of oil components that are beneficial to human health.
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30
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Yang W, Hu J, Behera JR, Kilaru A, Yuan Y, Zhai Y, Xu Y, Xie L, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Niu L. A Tree Peony Trihelix Transcription Factor PrASIL1 Represses Seed Oil Accumulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:796181. [PMID: 34956296 PMCID: PMC8702530 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.796181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In many higher plants, seed oil accumulation is governed by complex multilevel regulatory networks including transcriptional regulation, which primarily affects fatty acid biosynthesis. Tree peony (Paeonia rockii), a perennial deciduous shrub endemic to China is notable for its seed oil that is abundant in unsaturated fatty acids. We discovered that a tree peony trihelix transcription factor, PrASIL1, localized in the nucleus, is expressed predominantly in developing seeds during maturation. Ectopic overexpression of PrASIL1 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf tissue and Arabidopsis thaliana seeds significantly reduced total fatty acids and altered the fatty acid composition. These changes were in turn associated with the decreased expression of multitudinous genes involved in plastidial fatty acid synthesis and oil accumulation. Thus, we inferred that PrASIL1 is a critical transcription factor that represses oil accumulation by down-regulating numerous key genes during seed oil biosynthesis. In contrary, up-regulation of oil biosynthesis genes and a significant increase in total lipids and several major fatty acids were observed in PrASIL1-silenced tree peony leaves. Together, these results provide insights into the role of trihelix transcription factor PrASIL1 in controlling seed oil accumulation. PrASIL1 can be targeted potentially for oil enhancement in tree peony and other crops through gene manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizong Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, China
| | - Jiayuan Hu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, China
| | - Jyoti R. Behera
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Aruna Kilaru
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Yanping Yuan
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, China
| | - Yuhui Zhai
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, China
| | - Yanfeng Xu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, China
| | - Lihang Xie
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, China
| | - Lixin Niu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, China
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31
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Crosstalk during the Carbon-Nitrogen Cycle That Interlinks the Biosynthesis, Mobilization and Accumulation of Seed Storage Reserves. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112032. [PMID: 34769462 PMCID: PMC8585027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates are the major storage reserves in seeds, and they are produced and accumulated in specific tissues during the growth and development of a plant. The storage products are hydrolyzed into a mobile form, and they are then translocated to the developing tissue following seed germination, thereby ensuring new plant formation and seedling vigor. The utilization of seed reserves is an important characteristic of seed quality. This review focuses on the seed storage reserve composition, source–sink relations and partitioning of the major transported carbohydrate form, i.e., sucrose, into different reserves through sucrolytic processes, biosynthetic pathways, interchanging levels during mobilization and crosstalk based on vital biochemical pathways that interlink the carbon and nitrogen cycles. Seed storage reserves are important due to their nutritional value; therefore, novel approaches to augmenting the targeted storage reserve are also discussed.
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Cheng K, Pan YF, Liu LM, Zhang HQ, Zhang YM. Integrated Transcriptomic and Bioinformatics Analyses Reveal the Molecular Mechanisms for the Differences in Seed Oil and Starch Content Between Glycine max and Cicer arietinum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:743680. [PMID: 34764968 PMCID: PMC8576049 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.743680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The seed oil and starch content of soybean are significantly different from that of chickpea. However, there are limited studies on its molecular mechanisms. To address this issue, we conducted integrated transcriptomic and bioinformatics analyses for species-specific genes and acyl-lipid-, starch-, and carbon metabolism-related genes. Among seven expressional patterns of soybean-specific genes, four were highly expressed at the middle- and late oil accumulation stages; these genes significantly enriched fatty acid synthesis and carbon metabolism, and along with common acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) highly expressed at soybean middle seed development stage, common starch-degrading enzyme beta-amylase-5 (BAM5) was highly expressed at soybean early seed development stage and oil synthesis-related genes ACCase, KAS, KAR, ACP, and long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (LACS) were co-expressed with WRI1, which may result in high seed oil content and low seed starch content in soybean. The common ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) was highly expressed at chickpea middle seed development stage, along with more starch biosynthesis genes co-expressed with four-transcription-factor homologous genes in chickpea than in soybean, and the common WRI1 was not co-expressed with oil synthesis genes in chickpea, which may result in high seed starch content and low seed oil content in chickpea. The above results may be used to improve chickpea seed oil content in two ways. One is to edit CaWRI1 to co-express with oil synthesis-related genes, which may increase carbon metabolites flowing to oil synthesis, and another is to increase the expression levels of miRNA159 and miRNA319 to inhibit the expression of MYB33, which may downregulate starch synthesis-related genes, making more carbon metabolites flow into oil synthesis. Our study will provide a basis for future breeding efforts to increase the oil content of chickpea seeds.
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Integument-Specific Transcriptional Regulation in the Mid-Stage of Flax Seed Development Influences the Release of Mucilage and the Seed Oil Content. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102677. [PMID: 34685657 PMCID: PMC8534900 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seed oil, which accumulates in the embryo, and mucilage, which is synthesized in the seed coat, are of great economic importance for food, pharmaceutical as well as chemical industries. Theories on the link between oil and mucilage production in seeds consist in the spatio-temporal competition of both compounds for photosynthates during the very early stages of seed development. In this study, we demonstrate a positive relationship between seed oil production and seed coat mucilage extrusion in the agronomic model, flax. Three recombinant inbred lines were selected for low, medium and high mucilage and seed oil contents. Metabolite and transcript profiling (1H NMR and DNA oligo-microarrays) was performed on the seeds during seed development. These analyses showed main changes in the seed coat transcriptome during the mid-phase of seed development (25 Days Post-Anthesis), once the mucilage biosynthesis and modification processes are thought to be finished. These transcriptome changes comprised genes that are putatively involved in mucilage chemical modification and oil synthesis, as well as gibberellic acid (GA) metabolism. The results of this integrative biology approach suggest that transcriptional regulations of seed oil and fatty acid (FA) metabolism could occur in the seed coat during the mid-stage of seed development, once the seed coat carbon supplies have been used for mucilage biosynthesis and mechanochemical properties of the mucilage secretory cells.
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Tracing Key Molecular Regulators of Lipid Biosynthesis in Tuber Development of Cyperus esculentus Using Transcriptomics and Lipidomics Profiling. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101492. [PMID: 34680888 PMCID: PMC8535953 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyperus esculentus is widely representing one of the important oil crops around the world, which provides valuable resources of edible tubers called tiger nut. The chemical composition and high ability to produce fats emphasize the role of tiger nut in promoting oil crop productivity. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of the production and accumulation of lipids in tiger nut development still remains unclear. Here, we conducted comprehensive transcriptomics and lipidomics analyses at different developmental stages of tuber in Cyperus esculentus. Lipidomic analyses confirmed that the accumulation of lipids including glycolipids, phospholipids, and glycerides were significantly enriched during tuber development from early to mature stage. The proportion of phosphatidylcholines (PC) declined during all stages and phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) was significantly declined in early and middle stages. These findings implied that PC is actively involved in triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis during the tubers development, whereas PE may participate in TAG metabolism during early and middle stages. Comparative transcriptomics analyses indicated several genomic and metabolic pathways associated with lipid metabolism during tuber development in tiger nut. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that TAG synthesis in different developmental stages was attributed to 37 candidate transcripts including CePAH1. The up-regulation of diacylglycerol (DAG) and oil content in yeast, resulted from the inducible expression of exogenous CePAH1 confirmed the central role of this candidate gene in lipid metabolism. Our results demonstrated the foundation of an integrative metabolic model for understanding the molecular mechanism of tuber development in tiger nut, in which lipid biosynthesis plays a central role.
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Singer SD, Jayawardhane KN, Jiao C, Weselake RJ, Chen G. The effect of AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE 7 over-expression on seed fatty acid biosynthesis, storage oil accumulation and the transcriptome in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1647-1663. [PMID: 34215912 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02715-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
AIL7 over-expression modulates fatty acid biosynthesis and triacylglycerol accumulation in Arabidopsis developing seeds through the transcriptional regulation of associated genes. Seed fatty acids (FAs) and triacylglycerol (TAG) contribute to many functions in plants, and seed lipids have broad food, feed and industrial applications. As a result, an enormous amount of attention has been dedicated towards uncovering the regulatory cascade responsible for the fine-tuning of the lipid biosynthetic pathway in seeds, which is regulated in part through the action of LEAFY COTYLEDON1, ABSCISSIC ACID INSENSITIVE 3, FUSCA3 and LEC2 (LAFL) transcription factors. Although AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE 7 (AIL7) is involved in meristematic function and shoot phyllotaxy, its effect in the context of lipid biosynthesis has yet to be assessed. Here, we generated AIL7 seed-specific over-expression lines and found that they exhibited significant alterations in FA composition and decreased total lipid accumulation in seeds. Seeds and seedlings from transgenic lines also exhibited morphological deviations compared to wild type. Correspondingly, RNA-Seq analysis demonstrated that the expression of many genes related to FA biosynthesis and TAG breakdown were significantly altered in developing siliques from transgenic lines compared to wild-type plants. The seed-specific over-expression of AIL7 also altered the expression profiles of many genes related to starch metabolism, photosynthesis and stress response, suggesting further roles for AIL7 in plants. These findings not only advance our understanding of the lipid biosynthetic pathway in seeds, but also provide evidence for additional functions of AIL7, which could prove valuable in downstream breeding and/or metabolic engineering endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy D Singer
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada.
| | - Kethmi N Jayawardhane
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Chen Jiao
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
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Rahman H, Kebede B. Mapping of seed quality traits in the C genome of Brassica napus by using a population carrying genome content of B. oleracea and their effect on other traits. THE PLANT GENOME 2021; 14:e20078. [PMID: 33818008 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing seed oil and protein contents and reducing the content of seed glucosinolates (GSLs) in Brassica oilseed crops are important objectives in breeding. By using an oilseed rape (B. napus L.) doubled-haploid (DH) population carrying genome content introgressed from Chinese kale (B. oleracea L.), we mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) for these seed quality traits and investigated their effect on other traits including seed yield. A stable QTL for seed oil content was identified on chromosome C5 at 40-42 Mb position and a QTL for seed GSL content was identified on C9 at 7-8 Mb position. The C5 and C9 QTL alleles for high oil and GSL contents were derived from Chinese kale, demonstrating that high-oil QTL allele can be found in the parental species of oilseed rape. The low-GSL QTL allele of C9 exerted a significant positive effect on seed protein content, demonstrating that selection for this QTL allele contributed to higher protein content in canola seed. These two QTL were not affected by field environmental conditions and did not exert a significant effect on days to flowering and seed yield. Thus, the genomic regions and the molecular markers identified in this study should be useful in molecular breeding of the seed quality traits in oilseed rape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibur Rahman
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Berisso Kebede
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
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Sun J, Chen T, Liu M, Zhao D, Tao J. Analysis and Functional Verification of PoWRI1 Gene Associated with Oil Accumulation Process in Paeonia ostii. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136996. [PMID: 34209706 PMCID: PMC8267616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant transcription factor WRINKLED1 (WRI1), a member of AP2/EREBP, is involved in the regulation of glycolysis and the expression of genes related to the de novo synthesis of fatty acids in plastids. In this study, the key regulator of seed oil synthesis and accumulation transcription factor gene PoWRI1 was identified and cloned, having a complete open reading frame of 1269 bp and encoding 422 amino acids. Subcellular localization analysis showed that PoWRI1 is located at the nucleus. After the expression vector of PoWRI1 was constructed and transformed into wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana, it was found that the overexpression of PoWRI1 increased the expression level of downstream target genes such as BCCP2, KAS1, and PKP-β1. As a result, the seeds of transgenic plants became larger, the oil content increased significantly, and the unsaturated fatty acid content increased, which provide a scientific theoretical basis for the subsequent use of genetic engineering methods to improve the fatty acid composition and content of plant seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.S.); (T.C.); (M.L.); (D.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tian Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.S.); (T.C.); (M.L.); (D.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mi Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.S.); (T.C.); (M.L.); (D.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Daqiu Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.S.); (T.C.); (M.L.); (D.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jun Tao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.S.); (T.C.); (M.L.); (D.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0514-87997219
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Overexpression of Type 1 and 2 Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Genes ( JcDGAT1 and JcDGAT2) Enhances Oil Production in the Woody Perennial Biofuel Plant Jatropha curcas. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040699. [PMID: 33916393 PMCID: PMC8066779 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) is the only enzyme that catalyzes the acyl-CoA-dependent acylation of sn-1, 2-diacylglycerol (DAG) to form triacylglycerol (TAG). The two main types of DGAT enzymes in the woody perennial biofuel plant Jatropha curcas, JcDGAT1 and JcDGAT2, were previously characterized only in heterologous systems. In this study, we investigated the functions of JcDGAT1 and JcDGAT2 in J. curcas.JcDGAT1 and JcDGAT2 were found to be predominantly expressed during the late stages of J. curcas seed development, in which large amounts of oil accumulated. As expected, overexpression of JcDGAT1 or JcDGAT2 under the control of the CaMV35S promoter gave rise to an increase in seed kernel oil production, reaching a content of 53.7% and 55.7% of the seed kernel dry weight, respectively, which were respectively 25% and 29.6% higher than that of control plants. The increase in seed oil content was accompanied by decreases in the contents of protein and soluble sugars in the seeds. Simultaneously, there was a two- to four-fold higher leaf TAG content in transgenic plants than in control plants. Moreover, by analysis of the fatty acid (FA) profiles, we found that JcDGAT1 and JcDGAT2 had the same substrate specificity with preferences for C18:2 in seed TAGs, and C16:0, C18:0, and C18:1 in leaf TAGs. Therefore, our study confirms the important role of JcDGAT1 and JcDGAT2 in regulating oil production in J. curcas.
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Ma H, Wu X, Wei Z, Zhao L, Li Z, Liang Q, Zheng J, Wang Y, Li Y, Huang L, Hu Q, Han D. Functional divergence of diacylglycerol acyltransferases in the unicellular green alga Haematococcus pluvialis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:510-524. [PMID: 33005924 PMCID: PMC7853605 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyzes the final committed step in triacylglycerol biosynthesis in eukaryotes. In microalgae, the copy number of DGAT genes is extraordinarily expanded, yet the functions of many DGATs remain largely unknown. This study revealed that microalgal DGAT can function as a lysophosphatidic acyltransferase (LPAAT) both in vitro and in vivo while losing its original function as DGAT. Among the five DGAT-encoding genes identified and cloned from the green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis, four encoded HpDGATs that showed triacylglycerol synthase activities in yeast functional complementation analyses; the exception was one of the type II DGAT encoding genes, HpDGTT2. The hydrophobic recombinant HpDGTT2 protein was purified in soluble form and was found to function as a LPAAT via enzymatic assay. Introducing this gene into the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii led to retarded cellular growth, enlarged cell size, and enhanced triacylglycerol accumulation, identical to the phenotypes of transgenic strains overexpressing CrLPAAT. This study provides a framework for dissecting uncharacterized DGATs, and could pave the way to decrypting the structure-function relationship of this large group of enzymes that are critical to lipid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Ma
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziwang Wei
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Liang Zhao
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongze Li
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Liang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Linfei Huang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Algae Biomass, SDIC Biotech Investment Corporation, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: or
| | - Danxiang Han
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: or
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40
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Liu J, Zhu XY, Deng LB, Liu HF, Li J, Zhou XR, Wang HZ, Hua W. Nitric oxide affects seed oil accumulation and fatty acid composition through protein S-nitrosation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:385-397. [PMID: 33045083 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signaling molecule regulating several plant developmental and stress responses. Here, we report that NO plays an important role in seed oil content and fatty acid composition. RNAi silencing of Arabidopsis S-nitrosoglutathione reductase 1 (GSNOR1) led to reduced seed oil content. In contrast, nitrate reductase double mutant nia1nia2 had increased seed oil content, compared with wild-type plants. Moreover, the concentrations of palmitic acid (C16:0), linoleic acid (C18:2), and linolenic acid (C18:3) were higher, whereas those of stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), and arachidonic acid (C20:1) were lower, in seeds of GSNOR1 RNAi lines. Similar results were obtained with rapeseed embryos cultured in vitro with the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and the NO inhibitor NG-Nitro-L-arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME). Compared with non-treated embryos, the oil content decreased in SNP-treated embryos, and increased in L-NAME-treated embryos. Relative concentrations of C16:0, C18:2 and C18:3 were higher, whereas C18:1 concentration decreased in rapeseed embryos treated with SNP. Proteomics and transcriptome analysis revealed that three S-nitrosated proteins and some key genes involved in oil synthesis, were differentially regulated in SNP-treated embryos. Therefore, regulating NO content could be a novel approach to increasing seed oil content in cultivated oil crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yi Zhu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Bin Deng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Fang Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Rong Zhou
- Agriculture and Food Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Han-Zhong Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Hua
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Hernández ML, Moretti S, Sicardo MD, García Ú, Pérez A, Sebastiani L, Martínez-Rivas JM. Distinct Physiological Roles of Three Phospholipid:Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Genes in Olive Fruit with Respect to Oil Accumulation and the Response to Abiotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:751959. [PMID: 34868139 PMCID: PMC8632719 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.751959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Three different cDNA sequences, designated OepPDAT1-1, OepPDAT1-2, and OepPDAT2, encoding three phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferases (PDAT) have been isolated from olive (Olea europaea cv. Picual). Sequence analysis showed the distinctive features typical of the PDAT family and together with phylogenetic analysis indicated that they encode PDAT. Gene expression analysis in different olive tissues showed that transcript levels of these three PDAT genes are spatially and temporally regulated and suggested that, in addition to acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase, OePDAT1-1 may contribute to the biosynthesis of triacylglycerols in the seed, whereas OePDAT1-2 could be involved in the triacylglycerols content in the mesocarp and, therefore, in the olive oil. The relative contribution of PDAT and acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase enzymes to the triacylglycerols content in olive appears to be tissue-dependent. Furthermore, water regime, temperature, light, and wounding regulate PDAT genes at transcriptional level in the olive fruit mesocarp, indicating that PDAT could be involved in the response to abiotic stresses. Altogether, this study represents an advance in our knowledge on the regulation of oil accumulation in oil fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Luisa Hernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Products, Instituto de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Samuele Moretti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Products, Instituto de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- BioLabs, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - M. Dolores Sicardo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Products, Instituto de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Úrsula García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Products, Instituto de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Products, Instituto de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Luca Sebastiani
- BioLabs, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - José M. Martínez-Rivas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Products, Instituto de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- *Correspondence: José M. Martínez-Rivas,
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Claver A, de la Vega M, Rey-Giménez R, Luján MÁ, Picorel R, López MV, Alfonso M. Functional analysis of β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase from biofuel feedstock Thlaspi arvense reveals differences in the triacylglycerol biosynthetic pathway among Brassicaceae. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:283-296. [PMID: 32740897 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Differences in FAE1 enzyme affinity for the acyl-CoA substrates, as well as the balance between the different pathways involved in their incorporation to triacylglycerol might be determinant of the different composition of the seed oil in Brassicaceae. Brassicaceae present a great heterogeneity of seed oil and fatty acid composition, accumulating Very Long Chain Fatty Acids with industrial applications. However, the molecular determinants of these differences remain elusive. We have studied the β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase from the high erucic feedstock Thlaspi arvense (Pennycress). Functional characterization of the Pennycress FAE1 enzyme was performed in two Arabidopsis backgrounds; Col-0, with less than 2.5% of erucic acid in its seed oil and the fae1-1 mutant, deficient in FAE1 activity, that did not accumulate erucic acid. Seed-specific expression of the Pennycress FAE1 gene in Col-0 resulted in a 3 to fourfold increase of erucic acid content in the seed oil. This increase was concomitant with a decrease of eicosenoic acid levels without changes in oleic ones. Interestingly, only small changes in eicosenoic and erucic acid levels occurred when the Pennycress FAE1 gene was expressed in the fae1-1 mutant, with high levels of oleic acid available for elongation, suggesting that the Pennycress FAE1 enzyme showed higher affinity for eicosenoic acid substrates, than for oleic ones in Arabidopsis. Erucic acid was incorporated to triacylglycerol in the transgenic lines without significant changes in their levels in the diacylglycerol fraction, suggesting that erucic acid was preferentially incorporated to triacylglycerol via DGAT1. Expression analysis of FAE1, AtDGAT1, AtLPCAT1 and AtPDAT1 genes in the transgenic lines further supported this conclusion. Differences in FAE1 affinity for the oleic and eicosenoic substrates among Brassicaceae, as well as their incorporation to triacylglycerol might explain the differences in composition of their seed oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Claver
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei-CSIC, Avda. Montañana 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marina de la Vega
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei-CSIC, Avda. Montañana 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Rey-Giménez
- Laboratorio Agroambiental, Gobierno de Aragón, Avda. Montañana 1005, 50071, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Á Luján
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei-CSIC, Avda. Montañana 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rafael Picorel
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei-CSIC, Avda. Montañana 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Victoria López
- Department of Soil and Water, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei-CSIC, Avda. Montañana 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel Alfonso
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei-CSIC, Avda. Montañana 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Subedi U, Jayawardhane KN, Pan X, Ozga J, Chen G, Foroud NA, Singer SD. The Potential of Genome Editing for Improving Seed Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition in Oilseed Crops. Lipids 2020; 55:495-512. [PMID: 32856292 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A continuous rise in demand for vegetable oils, which comprise mainly the storage lipid triacylglycerol, is fueling a surge in research efforts to increase seed oil content and improve fatty acid composition in oilseed crops. Progress in this area has been achieved using both conventional breeding and transgenic approaches to date. However, further advancements using traditional breeding methods will be complicated by the polyploid nature of many oilseed crops and associated time constraints, while public perception and the prohibitive cost of regulatory processes hinders the commercialization of transgenic oilseed crops. As such, genome editing using CRISPR/Cas is emerging as a breakthrough breeding tool that could provide a platform to keep pace with escalating demand while potentially minimizing regulatory burden. In this review, we discuss the technology itself and progress that has been made thus far with respect to its use in oilseed crops to improve seed oil content and quality. Furthermore, we examine a number of genes that may provide ideal targets for genome editing in this context, as well as new CRISPR-related tools that have the potential to be applied to oilseed plants and may allow additional gains to be made in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udaya Subedi
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, T1J 4B1, AB, Canada.,Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, AB, Canada
| | - Kethmi N Jayawardhane
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, AB, Canada
| | - Xue Pan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, AB, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Ozga
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, AB, Canada
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, AB, Canada
| | - Nora A Foroud
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, T1J 4B1, AB, Canada
| | - Stacy D Singer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, T1J 4B1, AB, Canada
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Harwood JL. Working with Randy: The Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Story. Lipids 2020; 55:419-423. [PMID: 32701170 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vegetable oils are one of the main agricultural commodities. Demand has been increasing steadily over the last five decades and, with finite land available, it is vital that we increase productivity. My laboratory has focused on the regulation of plant lipid metabolism and, as part of this work, we identified diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) as important at regulating carbon flux during oil accumulation. This led to collaborations with Randy Weselake's research group when we quantified the importance of DGAT in oilseed rape by using flux control analysis. Later, with David Taylor, we showed that over-expression of DGAT boosted oil accumulation in field-grown crops by around 8%. These studies led to a multitude of experiments with different oil crops, such as oil palm and soybean, as well as many rewarding collaborations with Randy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
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45
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Jayawardhane KN, Singer SD, Ozga JA, Rizvi SM, Weselake RJ, Chen G. Seed-specific down-regulation of Arabidopsis CELLULOSE SYNTHASE 1 or 9 reduces seed cellulose content and differentially affects carbon partitioning. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:953-969. [PMID: 32314045 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02541-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Seed-specific down-regulation of AtCESA1 and AtCESA9, which encode cellulose synthase subunits, differentially affects seed storage compound accumulation in Arabidopsis. High amounts of cellulose can negatively affect crop seed quality, and, therefore, diverting carbon partitioning from cellulose to oil, protein and/or starch via molecular breeding may improve seed quality. To determine the effect of seed cellulose content reduction on levels of storage compounds, Arabidopsis thaliana CELLULOSE SYNTHASE1 (AtCESA1) and AtCESA9 genes, which both encode cellulose synthase subunits, were individually down-regulated using seed-specific intron-spliced hairpin RNA (hpRNAi) constructs. The selected seed-specific AtCESA1 and AtCESA9 Arabidopsis RNAi lines displayed reduced cellulose contents in seeds, and exhibited no obvious visual phenotypic growth defects with the exception of a minor effect on early root development in AtCESA1 RNAi seedlings and early hypocotyl elongation in the dark in both types of RNAi line. The seed-specific down-regulation of AtCESA9 resulted in a reduction in seed weight compared to empty vector controls, which was not observed in AtCESA1 RNAi lines. In terms of effects on carbon partitioning, AtCESA1 and AtCESA9 RNAi lines exhibited distinct effects. The down-regulation of AtCESA1 led to a ~ 3% relative increase in seed protein content (P = 0.04) and a ~ 3% relative decrease in oil content (P = 0.02), but caused no alteration in soluble glucose levels. On the contrary, AtCESA9 RNAi lines did not display a significant reduction in seed oil, protein or soluble glucose content. Taken together, our results indicate that the seed-specific down-regulation of AtCESA1 causes alterations in seed storage compound accumulation, while the effect of AtCESA9 on carbon partitioning is absent or minor in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kethmi N Jayawardhane
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Stacy D Singer
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Jocelyn A Ozga
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Syed Masood Rizvi
- Corteva Agriscience, Site 600, RR #6, PO Box 12, Saskatoon, SK, S7K 3J9, Canada
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
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46
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Kuhalskaya A, Wijesingha Ahchige M, Perez de Souza L, Vallarino J, Brotman Y, Alseekh S. Network Analysis Provides Insight into Tomato Lipid Metabolism. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10040152. [PMID: 32295308 PMCID: PMC7240963 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10040152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic correlation networks have been used in several instances to obtain a deeper insight into the complexity of plant metabolism as a whole. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), metabolites have a major influence on taste and overall fruit quality traits. Previously a broad spectrum of metabolic and phenotypic traits has been described using a Solanum pennellii introgression-lines (ILs) population. To obtain insights into tomato fruit metabolism, we performed metabolic network analysis from existing data, covering a wide range of metabolic traits, including lipophilic and volatile compounds, for the first time. We provide a comprehensive fruit correlation network and show how primary, secondary, lipophilic, and volatile compounds connect to each other and how the individual metabolic classes are linked to yield-related phenotypic traits. Results revealed a high connectivity within and between different classes of lipophilic compounds, as well as between lipophilic and secondary metabolites. We focused on lipid metabolism and generated a gene-expression network with lipophilic metabolites to identify new putative lipid-related genes. Metabolite–transcript correlation analysis revealed key putative genes involved in lipid biosynthesis pathways. The overall results will help to deepen our understanding of tomato metabolism and provide candidate genes for transgenic approaches toward improving nutritional qualities in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Kuhalskaya
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (A.K.); (M.W.A.); (L.P.d.S.); (J.V.); (Y.B.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beersheva, Israel
| | - Micha Wijesingha Ahchige
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (A.K.); (M.W.A.); (L.P.d.S.); (J.V.); (Y.B.)
| | - Leonardo Perez de Souza
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (A.K.); (M.W.A.); (L.P.d.S.); (J.V.); (Y.B.)
| | - José Vallarino
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (A.K.); (M.W.A.); (L.P.d.S.); (J.V.); (Y.B.)
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (A.K.); (M.W.A.); (L.P.d.S.); (J.V.); (Y.B.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beersheva, Israel
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (A.K.); (M.W.A.); (L.P.d.S.); (J.V.); (Y.B.)
- Centre of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)331-567-8211
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47
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Amiruddin N, Chan PL, Azizi N, Morris PE, Chan KL, Ong PW, Rosli R, Masura SS, Murphy DJ, Sambanthamurthi R, Haslam RP, Chye ML, Harwood JL, Low ETL. Characterization of Oil Palm Acyl-CoA-Binding Proteins and Correlation of Their Gene Expression with Oil Synthesis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:735-747. [PMID: 31883014 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) are involved in binding and trafficking acyl-CoA esters in eukaryotic cells. ACBPs contain a well-conserved acyl-CoA-binding domain. Their various functions have been characterized in the model plant Arabidopsis and, to a lesser extent, in rice. In this study, genome-wide detection and expression analysis of ACBPs were performed on Elaeis guineensis (oil palm), the most important oil crop in the world. Seven E. guineensis ACBPs were identified and classified into four groups according to their deduced amino acid domain organization. Phylogenetic analysis showed conservation of this family with other higher plants. All seven EgACBPs were expressed in most tissues while their differential expression suggests various functions in specific tissues. For example, EgACBP3 had high expression in inflorescences and stalks while EgACBP1 showed strong expression in leaves. Because of the importance of E. guineensis as an oil crop, expression of EgACBPs was specifically examined during fruit development. EgACBP3 showed high expression throughout mesocarp development, while EgACBP1 had enhanced expression during rapid oil synthesis. In endosperm, both EgACBP1 and EgACBP3 exhibited increased expression during seed development. These results provide important information for further investigations on the biological functions of EgACBPs in various tissues and, in particular, their roles in oil synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadzirah Amiruddin
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
| | - Pek-Lan Chan
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
| | - Norazah Azizi
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
| | - Priscilla Elizabeth Morris
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
| | - Kuang-Lim Chan
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
| | - Pei Wen Ong
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
| | - Rozana Rosli
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
| | - Subhi Siti Masura
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
| | - Denis J Murphy
- School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd CF37 1DL, UK
| | - Ravigadevi Sambanthamurthi
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
| | - Richard P Haslam
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Eng-Ti Leslie Low
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
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48
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Guo Z, Ye Z, Haslam RP, Michaelson LV, Napier JA, Chye M. Arabidopsis cytosolic acyl-CoA-binding proteins function in determining seed oil composition. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00182. [PMID: 31844833 PMCID: PMC6892995 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
As plant seed oils provide animals with essential fatty acids (FAs), genes that regulate plant lipid metabolism have been used in genetic manipulation to improve dietary seed oil composition and benefit human health. Herein, the Arabidopsis thaliana cytosolic acyl-CoA-binding proteins (AtACBPs), AtACBP4, AtACBP5, and AtACBP6 were shown to play a role in determining seed oil content by analysis of atacbp (atacbp4, atacbp5, atacbp6, atacbp4atacbp5, atacbp4atacbp6, atacbp5atacbp6, and atacbp4atacbp5atacbp6) seed oil content in comparison with the Col-0 wild type (WT). Triacylglycerol (TAG) composition in electrospray ionization-mass spectrometer (ESI-MS) analysis on atacbp6 seed oil showed a reduction (-50%) of C58-TAGs in comparison with the WT. Investigations on fatty acid composition of atacbp mutants indicated that 18:2-FA accumulated in atacbp6 and 18:3-FA in atacbp4, both at the expense of 20:1-FA. As TAG composition can be modified by acyl editing through phosphatidylcholines (PC) and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC), total PC and LPC content in atacbp6 mature seeds was determined and ESI-MS analysis revealed that LPC had increased (+300%) at the expense of PC. Among all the 14 tested PC species, all (34:1-, 34:2-, 34:3-, 34:4-, 34:5-, 34:6-, 36:2-, 36:3-, 36:5-, 36:6-, 38:2-, 38:3-, and 38:4-PCs) but 36:4-PC were lower in atacbp6 than the WT. In contrast, all LPC species (16:0-, 18:1-, 18:2-, 18:3-, and 20:1-LPC) examined were elevated in atacbp6. LPC abundance also increased in atacbp4atacbp5, but not atacbp4 and atacbp5. Interestingly, when LPC composition in atacbp4atacbp5 was compared with atacbp4 and atacbp5, significant differences were observed between atacbp4atacbp5 and each single mutant, implying that AtACBP4 and AtACBP5 play combinatory roles by affecting LPC (but not PC) biosynthesis. Furthermore, PC-related genes such as those encoding acyl-CoA:lysophphosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT1) and phospholipase A2 alpha (PLA2α) were upregulated in atacbp6 developing seeds. A model on the role of AtACBP6 in modulating TAG through regulating LPCAT1 and PLA2α expression is proposed. Taken together, cytosolic AtACBPs appear to affect unsaturated TAG content and are good candidates for engineering oil crops to enhance seed oil composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze‐Hua Guo
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Zi‐Wei Ye
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | | | | | | | - Mee‐Len Chye
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- State Key Laboratory of AgrobiotechnologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
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49
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Guo ZH, Haslam RP, Michaelson LV, Yeung EC, Lung SC, Napier JA, Chye ML. The overexpression of rice ACYL-CoA-BINDING PROTEIN2 increases grain size and bran oil content in transgenic rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:1132-1147. [PMID: 31437323 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As Oryza sativa (rice) seeds represent food for over three billion people worldwide, the identification of genes that enhance grain size and composition is much desired. Past reports have indicated that Arabidopsis thaliana acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) are important in seed development but did not affect seed size. Herein, rice OsACBP2 was demonstrated not only to play a role in seed development and germination, but also to influence grain size. OsACBP2 mRNA accumulated in embryos and endosperm of germinating seeds in qRT-PCR analysis, while β-glucuronidase (GUS) assays on OsACBP2pro::GUS rice transformants showed GUS expression in embryos, as well as the scutellum and aleurone layer of germinating seeds. Deletion analysis of the OsACBP2 5'-flanking region revealed five copies of the seed cis-element, Skn-I-like motif (-1486/-1482, -956/-952, -939/-935, -826/-822, and -766/-762), and the removal of any adversely affected expression in seeds, thereby providing a molecular basis for OsACBP2 expression in seeds. When OsACBP2 function was investigated using osacbp2 mutants and transgenic rice overexpressing OsACBP2 (OsACBP2-OE), osacbp2 was retarded in germination, while OsACBP2-OEs performed better than the wild-type and vector-transformed controls, in germination, seedling growth, grain size and grain weight. Transmission electron microscopy of OsACBP2-OE mature seeds revealed an accumulation of oil bodies in the scutellum cells, while confocal laser scanning microscopy indicated oil accumulation in OsACBP2-OE aleurone tissues. Correspondingly, OsACBP2-OE seeds showed gain in triacylglycerols and long-chain fatty acids over the vector-transformed control. As dietary rice bran contains beneficial bioactive components, OsACBP2 appears to be a promising candidate for enriching seed nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Hua Guo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Richard P Haslam
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Louise V Michaelson
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Edward C Yeung
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4,, Canada
| | - Shiu-Cheung Lung
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Johnathan A Napier
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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50
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Liao P, Woodfield HK, Harwood JL, Chye ML, Scofield S. Comparative Transcriptomics Analysis of Brassica napus L. during Seed Maturation Reveals Dynamic Changes in Gene Expression between Embryos and Seed Coats and Distinct Expression Profiles of Acyl-CoA-Binding Proteins for Lipid Accumulation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2812-2825. [PMID: 31504915 PMCID: PMC6896696 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Production of vegetable oils is a vital agricultural resource and oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is the third most important oil crop globally. Although the regulation of lipid biosynthesis in oilseeds is still not fully defined, the acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) have been reported to be involved in such metabolism, including oil accumulation, in several plant species. In this study, progressive changes in gene expression in embryos and seed coats at different stages of seed development were comprehensively investigated by transcriptomic analyses in B. napus, revealing dynamic changes in the expression of genes involved in lipid biosynthesis. We show that genes encoding BnACBP proteins show distinct changes in expression at different developmental stages of seed development and show markedly different expression between embryos and seed coats. Both isoforms of the ankyrin-repeat BnACBP2 increased during the oil accumulation period of embryo development. By contrast, the expression of the three most abundant isoforms of the small molecular mass BnACBP6 in embryos showed progressive reduction, despite having the highest overall expression level. In seed coats, BnACBP3, BnACBP4 and BnACBP5 expression remained constant during development, whereas the two major isoforms of BnACBP6 increased, contrasting with the data from embryos. We conclude that genes related to fatty acid and triacylglycerol biosynthesis showing dynamic expression changes may regulate the lipid distribution in embryos and seed coats of B. napus and that BnACBP2 and BnACBP6 are potentially important for oil accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
- Corresponding authors: John L. Harwood, E-mail, ; Fax, 00-44-2920-874116; Mee-Len Chye, E-mail, ; Fax, 852-28583477
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Corresponding authors: John L. Harwood, E-mail, ; Fax, 00-44-2920-874116; Mee-Len Chye, E-mail, ; Fax, 852-28583477
| | - Simon Scofield
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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