1
|
Bi X, Cao N, He J. Recent advances in nanoenzymes for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 244:114139. [PMID: 39121571 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains one of the most challenging neurodegenerative disorders to treat, with oxidative stress playing a significant role in its pathology. Recent advancements in nanoenzymes technology offer a promising approach to mitigate this oxidative damage. Nanoenzymes, with their unique enzyme-mimicking activities, effectively scavenge reactive oxygen species and reduce oxidative stress, thereby providing neuroprotective effects. This review delves into the underlying mechanisms of AD, focusing on oxidative stress and its impact on disease progression. We explore the latest developments in nanoenzymes applications for AD treatment, highlighting their multifunctional capabilities and potential for targeted delivery to amyloid-beta plaques. Despite the exciting prospects, the clinical translation of nanoenzymes faces several challenges, including difficulties in brain targeting, consistent quality production, and ensuring safety and biocompatibility. We discuss these limitations in detail, emphasizing the need for rigorous evaluation and standardized protocols. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of nanoenzymes research in AD, shedding light on both the opportunities and obstacles in the path towards effective clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Bi
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Ning Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Jingteng He
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Liaoning 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wan YC, Yang Y, Pang S, Kong ZL. A novel derivative of evodiamine improves cognitive impairment and synaptic integrity in AD mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117103. [PMID: 39018870 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the major cause of dementia, is a multifactoral progressive neurodegenerative disorder that currently affects over 43 million people worldwide. The interaction betweengenetic and environmental factors decides pathogenesis and pathological development. The chemical drugs designed for clinical applications on AD have not reached the expected preventive effect so far.Here, we obtained a new evodiamine (Evo) derivative, LE-42, which exhibited lower cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and HepaG2 cells than that of Evo. The LD50 of LE-42 in SH-SY5Y cells and HepaG2 cells was increased by 9 folds and 14 folds than Evo, respectively. The LE-42 also exhibited much more potent effects on anti-oxidation and anti-cytotoxicity of AβOs than Evo. The LE-42 significantly improved the working memory, spatial learning, and memory of the 3×Tg AD mice, and the pharmacodynamic dose of LE-42 on AD mice was increased by 500 folds than that of Evo. LE-42 significantly improved the Tau hyperphosphorylation, a typical pathological feature in 3×Tg AD mice. The LE-42 restored the JAK2/STAT3 pathway's dysfunction and upregulated the expression of GluN1, GluA2, SYN, and PSD95, subsequentially improving the synaptic integrity in 3×Tg mice. The activation of the JAK2/STAT3 axis by LE-42 was a possible mechanism for a therapeutic effect on the AD mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chun Wan
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan.
| | - Yajun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Institute of Material Medical, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Shuo Pang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Beijing, China.
| | - Zwe-Ling Kong
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shen Y, Liu F, Zhang M. Therapeutic potential of plant-derived natural compounds in Alzheimer's disease: Targeting microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117235. [PMID: 39094545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia are resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) with roles in sensing, housekeeping, and defense. Exploring the role of microglia in the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the possible therapeutic mechanism of plant-derived natural compounds (PDNCs) that regulate microglia-associated neuroinflammation may potentially help in elucidating the pathogenesis of AD and provide novel insights for its treatment. This review explores the role of abnormal microglial activation and its dominant neuroinflammatory response, as well as the activation of their target receptors and signaling pathways in AD pathogenesis. Additionally, we report an update on the potential pharmacological mechanisms of multiple PDNCs in modulating microglia-associated neuroinflammation in AD treatment. Dysregulated activation of microglial receptors and their downstream pathways impaired immune homeostasis in animal models of AD. Multiple signaling pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and Toll-like receptors, play important roles in microglial activation and can exacerbate microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. PDNCs, such as magnolol, stigmasterol, matrine, naringenin, naringin, and resveratrol, can delay the progression of AD by inhibiting the proinflammatory receptors of microglia, activating its anti-inflammatory receptors, regulating the receptors related to β-amyloid (Aβ) clearance, reversing immune dysregulation, and maintaining the immune homeostasis of microglial downstream pathways. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which microglia cause chronic inflammation in AD and evaluates the beneficial effects of PDNCs on immune regulation in AD by regulating microglial receptors and their downstream pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China.
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kühl F, Brand K, Lichtinghagen R, Huber R. GSK3-Driven Modulation of Inflammation and Tissue Integrity in the Animal Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8263. [PMID: 39125833 PMCID: PMC11312333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, GSK3 is accepted as an enzyme strongly involved in the regulation of inflammation by balancing the pro- and anti-inflammatory responses of cells and organisms, thus influencing the initiation, progression, and resolution of inflammatory processes at multiple levels. Disturbances within its broad functional scope, either intrinsically or extrinsically induced, harbor the risk of profound disruptions to the regular course of the immune response, including the formation of severe inflammation-related diseases. Therefore, this review aims at summarizing and contextualizing the current knowledge derived from animal models to further shape our understanding of GSK3α and β and their roles in the inflammatory process and the occurrence of tissue/organ damage. Following a short recapitulation of structure, function, and regulation of GSK3, we will focus on the lessons learned from GSK3α/β knock-out and knock-in/overexpression models, both conventional and conditional, as well as a variety of (predominantly rodent) disease models reflecting defined pathologic conditions with a significant proportion of inflammation and inflammation-related tissue injury. In summary, the literature suggests that GSK3 acts as a crucial switch driving pro-inflammatory and destructive processes and thus contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of inflammation-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - René Huber
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.K.); (K.B.); (R.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sun W, Gong J, Li S, Wang P, Han X, Xu C, Luan H, Li R, Wen B, Wei C. Bibliometric analysis of neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1423139. [PMID: 39076205 PMCID: PMC11284157 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1423139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the predominant cause of dementia on a global scale, significantly impacting the health of the elderly population. The pathogenesis of AD is closely linked to neuroinflammation. The present study employs a bibliometric analysis to examine research pertaining to neuroinflammation and AD within the last decade, with the objective of providing a comprehensive overview of the current research profile, hotspots and trends. Methods This research conducted a comprehensive review of publications within the Science Citation Index Expanded of the Web of Science Core Collection Database spanning the years 2014 to 2024. Bibliometric analyses were performed using VOSviewer (version 1.6.19) and CiteSpace (version 6.3.R1) software to visualize data on countries, institutions, authors, journals, keywords, and references. Results A total of 3,833 publications on neuroinflammation and AD were included from January 2014 to January 2024. Publications were mainly from the United States and China. Zetterberg, Henrik emerged as the author with the highest publication output, while Edison, Paul was identified as the most cited author. The most productive journal was Journal of Alzheimers Disease, and the most co-cited was Journal of Neuroinflammation. Research hotspot focused on microglia, mouse models, oxidative stress, and amyloid-beta through keyword analysis. Additionally, keywords such as blood-brain barrier and tau protein exhibited prolonged citation bursts from 2022 to 2024. Conclusion This study provides a comprehensive review of the last 10 years of research on neuroinflammation and AD, including the number and impact of research findings, research hotspots, and future trends. The quantity of publications in this field is increasing, mainly in the United States and China, and there is a need to further strengthen close cooperation with different countries and institutions worldwide. Presently, research hotspots are primarily concentrated on microglia, with a focus on inhibiting their pro-inflammatory responses and promoting their anti-inflammatory functions as a potential direction for future investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Sun
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Gong
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shaoqi Li
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Pin Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Heya Luan
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ruina Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Boye Wen
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Cuibai Wei
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yao M, Wei Z, Nielsen JOS, Kakazu A, Ouyang Y, Li R, Chu T, Scafidi S, Lu H, Aggarwal M, Duan W. Senolytic therapy preserves blood-brain barrier integrity and promotes microglia homeostasis in a tauopathy model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.25.586662. [PMID: 38585805 PMCID: PMC10996647 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.25.586662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, characterized by expressing the cell cycle inhibitory proteins, is evident in driving age-related diseases. Senescent cells play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of tau-mediated pathology, suggesting that targeting cell senescence offers a therapeutic potential for treating tauopathy associated diseases. This study focuses on identifying non-invasive biomarkers and validating their responses to a well-characterized senolytic therapy combining dasatinib and quercetin (D+Q), in a widely used tauopathy mouse model, PS19. We employed human-translatable MRI measures, including water extraction with phase-contrast arterial spin tagging (WEPCAST) MRI, T2 relaxation under spin tagging (TRUST), longitudinally assessed brain physiology and high-resolution structural MRI evaluated the brain regional volumes in PS19 mice. Our data reveal increased BBB permeability, decreased oxygen extraction fraction, and brain atrophy in 9-month-old PS19 mice compared to their littermate controls. (D+Q) treatment effectively preserves BBB integrity, rescues cerebral oxygen hypometabolism, attenuates brain atrophy, and alleviates tau hyperphosphorylation in PS19 mice. Mechanistically, D+Q treatment induces a shift of microglia from a disease-associated to a homeostatic state, reducing a senescence-like microglial phenotype marked by increased p16/INK4a. D+Q-treated PS19 mice exhibit enhanced cue-associated cognitive performance in the tracing fear conditioning test compared to the vehicle-treated littermates, implying improved cognitive function by D+Q treatment. Our results pave the way for application of senolytic treatment as well as these noninvasive MRI biomarkers in clinical trials in tauopathy associated neurological disorders.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sun Y, Xia Q, Du L, Gan Y, Ren X, Liu G, Wang Y, Yan S, Li S, Zhang X, Xiao X, Jin H. Neuroprotective effects of Anshen Bunao Syrup on cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease rat models. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116754. [PMID: 38810401 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents a significant challenge due to its prevalence and lack of cure, driving the quest for effective treatments. Anshen Bunao Syrup, a traditional Chinese medicine known for its neuroprotective properties, shows promise in addressing this need. However, understanding its precise mechanisms in AD remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate Anshen Bunao Syrup's therapeutic potential in AD treatment using a scopolamine-induced AD rat model. Assessments included novel-object recognition and Morris water maze tasks to evaluate spatial learning and memory, alongside Nissl staining and ELISA analyses for neuronal damage and biomarker levels. Results demonstrated that Anshen Bunao Syrup effectively mitigated cognitive dysfunction by inhibiting amyloid-β and phosphorylation Tau aggregation, thereby reducing neuronal damage. Metabolomics profiling of rats cortex revealed alterations in key metabolites implicated in tryptophan and fatty acid metabolism pathways, suggesting a role in the therapeutic effects of Anshen Bunao Syrup. Additionally, ELISA and correlation analyses indicated attenuation of oxidative stress and immune response through metabolic remodeling. In conclusion, this study provides compelling evidence for the neuroprotective effects of Anshen Bunao Syrup in AD models, shedding light on its potential as a therapeutic agent for AD prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qi Xia
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lijing Du
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu Gan
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaopeng Ren
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Jilin Aodong Yanbian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yanbian 133700, China
| | - Yongkuan Wang
- Jilin Aodong Yanbian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yanbian 133700, China
| | - Shikai Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shasha Li
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiuyun Zhang
- Jilin Aodong Yanbian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yanbian 133700, China.
| | - Xue Xiao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Huizi Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nguyen NL, Hoang TX, Kim JY. All-Trans Retinoic Acid-Induced Cell Surface Heat Shock Protein 90 Mediates Tau Protein Internalization and Degradation in Human Microglia. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04295-1. [PMID: 38900367 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the role of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in modulating the expression of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and its influence on the uptake and degradation of tau proteins in immortalized human microglia cells. We demonstrate that ATRA significantly upregulates Hsp90 expression in a concentration-dependent manner, enhancing both extracellular and intracellular Hsp90 levels. Our results show that ATRA-treated cells exhibit increased tau protein uptake via caveolae/raft-dependent endocytosis pathways. This uptake is mediated by surface Hsp90, as evidenced by the inhibition of tau internalization using an extracellular Hsp90-selective inhibitor. Further, we establish that the exogenously added full-sized monomeric tau proteins bind to Hsp90. The study also reveals that ATRA-enhanced tau uptake is followed by effective degradation through both lysosomal and proteasomal pathways. We observed a significant reduction in intracellular tau levels in ATRA-treated cells, which was reversed by lysosome or proteasome inhibitors, suggesting the involvement of both degradation pathways. Our findings highlight the potential therapeutic role of ATRA in Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies. By enhancing Hsp90 expression and facilitating tau degradation, ATRA could contribute to the clearance of pathological tau proteins, offering a promising strategy for mitigating neurodegeneration. This research underscores the need for further exploration into the molecular mechanisms of tau protein internalization and degradation, which could provide valuable insights into the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Lan Nguyen
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Kyeonggi-Do 13120, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Thi Xoan Hoang
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Kyeonggi-Do 13120, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jae Young Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Kyeonggi-Do 13120, Seongnam, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Usefi F, Rustamzadeh A, Ghobadi Z, Sadigh N, Mohebi N, Ariaei A, Moradi F. Rosuvastatin attenuates total-tau serum levels and increases expression of miR-124-3p in dyslipidemic Alzheimer's patients: a historic cohort study. Metab Brain Dis 2024:10.1007/s11011-024-01371-2. [PMID: 38896205 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-024-01371-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
microRNAs are candidate diagnostic biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. This study aimed to compare Silymarin with Rosuvastatin and placebo on total-Tau protein level and expression levels of microRNAs and TGF-β and COX-2 in Alzheimer's patients with secondary dyslipidemia. 36 mild AD patients with dyslipidemia were divided into three groups of 12. The first group received silymarin (140mg), the second group received placebo (140mg), and the third group recieved Rosuvastatin (10mg). Tablets were administered three times a day for Six months. The blood samples of the patients were collected before and after the intervention and the serum was separated. Using the RT-qPCR method, the expression levels of miR-124-3p and miR-125b-5p were assessed, and the serum levels of total-Tau, TGF-β, and COX-2 enzyme were measured using the ELISA method. Data were analyzed with SPSS software. In this study, the level of Δtotal-Tau was significantly lower in the Rosuvastatin group compared to the placebo (P = 0.038). Also, a significant reduction in the level of ΔTGF-β was observed in the Silymarin to Rosuvastatin group (p = 0.046) and ΔmiR-124-3p was significantly increased in the Rosuvastatin compared to the placebo group (p = 0.044). Rosuvastatin outperformed silymarin in decreasing Δtotal-Tau serum levels and enhancing expression of ΔmiR-124-3p, attributed to Rosuvastatin's capacity to lower cholesterol levels and inflammation concurrently. Conversely, silymarin was more effective than Rosuvastatin in reducing levels of ΔTGF-β. Serum miR-124-3p could serve as a promising diagnostic biomarker and a new therapeutic focus in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farnoosh Usefi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | - Auob Rustamzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghobadi
- Advanced Medical Imaging Ward, Pars Darman Medical Imaging Center, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nader Sadigh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Trauma and Injury Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Mohebi
- Department of Neurology, Rasool Akram Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Ariaei
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moradi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bernier RA, Sundermann EE, Edland SD, Deters KD, Shepherd AL, Clark AL, Shiroma EJ, Banks SJ. Exercise: Just What the Doctor Ordered, But Why? Elucidating Mechanisms for Women's Increased High-Density Lipoprotein Benefit From Exercise and for the Health ABC Study. J Appl Gerontol 2024:7334648241257995. [PMID: 38835249 DOI: 10.1177/07334648241257995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is protective against cardiovascular disease. Exercise can increase HDL concentration, and some evidence suggests that this effect occurs more strongly in women than in men. Both HDL and exercise are associated with inflammation. We hypothesized a sex-by-exercise interaction on HDL level, whereby women would benefit from exercise more strongly than men, and tumor necrosis factor alpha and serum soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 would mediate this relationship. This study included 2,957 older adult participants (1,520 women; 41% Black, 59% White; 73.6-years-old) from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study. Regression models revealed a positive exercise-HDL relationship in women only (sex-by-exercise interaction: β = 0.09, p = .013; exercise on HDL in women: β = 0.07, p = .015), mediated by TNFα (axb = 0.15; CI: 0.01, 0.30), suggesting that exercise may increase HDL levels in women through reduced inflammation. Given that vascular risk contributes to Alzheimer's disease risk, findings have implications for sex differences in AD risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Bernier
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Wentworth-Douglass Hospital Mass General Brigham, Dover, NH, USA
| | | | | | - Kacie D Deters
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Alexandra L Clark
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Eric J Shiroma
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sarah J Banks
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Qu L, Li Y, Liu F, Fang Y, He J, Ma J, Xu T, Wang L, Lei P, Dong H, Jin L, Yang Q, Wu W, Sun D. Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Dysregulation in Alzheimer's Disease: Multi-Pathway Effects and Therapeutic Potential. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1108-1131. [PMID: 37728579 PMCID: PMC11081173 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
An essential regulator of neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the gut microbiota. Alterations in intestinal permeability brought on by gut microbiota dysregulation encourage neuroinflammation, central immune dysregulation, and peripheral immunological dysregulation in AD, as well as hasten aberrant protein aggregation and neuronal death in the brain. However, it is unclear how the gut microbiota transmits information to the brain and how it influences brain cognition and function. In this review, we summarized the multiple pathways involved in the gut microbiome in AD and provided detailed treatment strategies based on the gut microbiome. Based on these observations, this review also discusses the problems, challenges, and strategies to address current therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linkai Qu
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Yanwei Li
- Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Fan Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Yimeng Fang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Jiaxuan He
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Jiahui Ma
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Ting Xu
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Pengyu Lei
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Hao Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Libo Jin
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Qinsi Yang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Da Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xiang X, Xia S, Li S, Zeng Y, Wang L, Zhou Y. Study on the role and mechanism of Tan IIA in Alzheimer's disease based on CREB-BDNF-TrkB pathway. Neurosci Lett 2024; 830:137769. [PMID: 38616003 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is closely related to neuronal loss, inflammatory response, cholinergic imbalance, and Tau protein hyperphosphorylation. Previous studies have confirmed that Streptozotocin (STZ) can be used to establish a rat model of AD by injecting it into the rat brain via the lateral ventricle. Our previous research showed that Danshentone IIA (Tan IIA) can improve cognitive dysfunction in rats caused by CC chemokine ligand 2, and network pharmacology results show that Tan IIA is very likely to improve AD symptoms through the cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and tyrosine kinase receptor protein (TrkB) pathway. The results of the water maze experiment showed that after Tan IIA treatment, the escape latency of AD rats was shortened and the number of platform crossings increased; in the new object recognition experiment, the discrimination index of AD rats significantly increased after treatment; Nissl staining and Tunel staining results showed that Tan IIA increased the number of surviving neurons in the hippocampus of cognitively impaired rats and reduced neuronal apoptosis; Bielschowsky silver staining results showed that Tan IIA reduced neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the AD rats; Tan IIA can reduce the inflammatory response and oxidative stress reaction in the hippocampus of AD rats, and at the same time reduce the activity of acetylcholinesterase. Tan IIA can significantly increase the expression of CREB, BDNF, TrkB in the hippocampal tissue of STZ-injured rats (P < 0.05). These data suggest that Tan IIA may upregulate the expression of the CREB-BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway in the hippocampus of brain tissue, produce anti-neuroinflammatory, antioxidant stress, inhibit neuronal apoptosis effects, and improve cholinergic neurotransmitter disorder induced by STZ, reduce the neuronal damage and learning and memory impairment caused by STZ in rats, and improve the cognitive function of rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiyong Xiang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Siyu Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Shan Li
- College of Nursing, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yirong Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Lixuan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kang YJ, Hyeon SJ, McQuade A, Lim J, Baek SH, Diep YN, Do KV, Jeon Y, Jo D, Lee CJ, Blurton‐Jones M, Ryu H, Cho H. Neurotoxic Microglial Activation via IFNγ-Induced Nrf2 Reduction Exacerbating Alzheimer's Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304357. [PMID: 38482922 PMCID: PMC11132036 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Microglial neuroinflammation appears to be neuroprotective in the early pathological stage, yet neurotoxic, which often precedes neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it remains unclear how the microglial activities transit to the neurotoxic state during AD progression, due to complex neuron-glia interactions. Here, the mechanism of detrimental microgliosis in AD by employing 3D human AD mini-brains, brain tissues of AD patients, and 5XFAD mice is explored. In the human and animal AD models, amyloid-beta (Aβ)-overexpressing neurons and reactive astrocytes produce interferon-gamma (IFNγ) and excessive oxidative stress. IFNγ results in the downregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the upregulation of Kelch-like ECH-associated Protein 1 (Keap1) in microglia, which inactivate nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and sensitize microglia to the oxidative stress and induces a proinflammatory microglia via nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB)-axis. The proinflammatory microglia in turn produce neurotoxic nitric oxide and proinflammatory mediators exacerbating synaptic impairment, phosphorylated-tau accumulation, and discernable neuronal loss. Interestingly, recovering Nrf2 in the microglia prevents the activation of proinflammatory microglia and significantly blocks the tauopathy in AD minibrains. Taken together, it is envisioned that IFNγ-driven Nrf2 downregulation in microglia as a key target to ameliorate AD pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You Jung Kang
- Institute of Quantum BiophysicsSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
- Department of BiophysicsSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Hyeon
- Center for Brain DisordersBrain Science InstituteKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Amanda McQuade
- Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA94158USA
- Department of Neurobiology & BehaviorUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCA92697USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research CenterUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCA92697USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological DisordersUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCA92697USA
| | - Jiwoon Lim
- IBS SchoolUniversity of Science and Technology (UST)Daejeon34114Republic of Korea
- Center for Cognition and SocialityInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Daejeon34126Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Baek
- School of PharmacySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
| | - Yen N. Diep
- Institute of Quantum BiophysicsSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
- Department of BiophysicsSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare ConvergenceSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
| | - Khanh V. Do
- Institute of Quantum BiophysicsSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare ConvergenceSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Jeon
- School of PharmacySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
| | - Dong‐Gyu Jo
- School of PharmacySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for ConvergenceSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and TechnologySungkyunkwan UniversitySeoul16419Republic of Korea
| | - C. Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and SocialityInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Daejeon34126Republic of Korea
| | - Mathew Blurton‐Jones
- Department of Neurobiology & BehaviorUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCA92697USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research CenterUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCA92697USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological DisordersUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCA92697USA
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Center for Brain DisordersBrain Science InstituteKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Hansang Cho
- Institute of Quantum BiophysicsSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
- Department of BiophysicsSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare ConvergenceSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Darricau M, Dou C, Kinet R, Zhu T, Zhou L, Li X, Bedel A, Claverol S, Tokarski C, Katsinelos T, McEwan WA, Zhang L, Gao R, Bourdenx M, Dehay B, Qin C, Bezard E, Planche V. Tau seeds from Alzheimer's disease brains trigger tau spread in macaques while oligomeric-Aβ mediates pathology maturation. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:1894-1912. [PMID: 38148705 PMCID: PMC10984505 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The "prion-like" features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) tauopathy and its relationship with amyloid-β (Aβ) have never been experimentally studied in primates phylogenetically close to humans. METHODS We injected 17 macaques in the entorhinal cortex with nanograms of seeding-competent tau aggregates purified from AD brains or control extracts from aged-matched healthy brains, with or without intracerebroventricular co-injections of oligomeric-Aβ. RESULTS Pathological tau injection increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) p-tau181 concentration after 18 months. Tau pathology spreads from the entorhinal cortex to the hippocampal trisynaptic loop and the cingulate cortex, resuming the experimental progression of Braak stage I to IV. Many AD-related molecular networks were impacted by tau seeds injections regardless of Aβ injections in proteomic analyses. However, we found mature neurofibrillary tangles, increased CSF total-tau concentration, and pre- and postsynaptic degeneration only in Aβ co-injected macaques. DISCUSSION Oligomeric-Aβ mediates the maturation of tau pathology and its neuronal toxicity in macaques but not its initial spreading. HIGHLIGHTS This study supports the "prion-like" properties of misfolded tau extracted from AD brains. This study empirically validates the Braak staging in an anthropomorphic brain. This study highlights the role of oligomeric Aβ in driving the maturation and toxicity of tau pathology. This work establishes a novel animal model of early sporadic AD that is closer to the human pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Darricau
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRSInstitut des Maladies NeurodégénérativesBordeauxFrance
| | - Changsong Dou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesNational Center for Technology and Innovation of Animal ModelInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS)BeijingP.R. China
| | - Remi Kinet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRSInstitut des Maladies NeurodégénérativesBordeauxFrance
| | - Tao Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesNational Center for Technology and Innovation of Animal ModelInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS)BeijingP.R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesNational Center for Technology and Innovation of Animal ModelInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS)BeijingP.R. China
| | - Xianglei Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesNational Center for Technology and Innovation of Animal ModelInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS)BeijingP.R. China
| | - Aurélie Bedel
- CHU de BordeauxService de biochimie, BordeauxUniv. BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | | | | | - Taxiarchis Katsinelos
- UK Dementia Research InstituteDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - William A. McEwan
- UK Dementia Research InstituteDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Ling Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesNational Center for Technology and Innovation of Animal ModelInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS)BeijingP.R. China
| | - Ran Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesNational Center for Technology and Innovation of Animal ModelInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS)BeijingP.R. China
| | - Mathieu Bourdenx
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | - Benjamin Dehay
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRSInstitut des Maladies NeurodégénérativesBordeauxFrance
| | - Chuan Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesNational Center for Technology and Innovation of Animal ModelInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS)BeijingP.R. China
- Changping National laboratory (CPNL)BeijingChina
| | - Erwan Bezard
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRSInstitut des Maladies NeurodégénérativesBordeauxFrance
- Motac NeuroscienceFloiracFrance
| | - Vincent Planche
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRSInstitut des Maladies NeurodégénérativesBordeauxFrance
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Neurosciences CliniquesCentre Mémoire de Ressources et de RechercheBordeauxFrance
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bai H, Zeng HM, Zhang QF, Hu YZ, Deng FF. Correlative factors of poor prognosis and abnormal cellular immune function in patients with Alzheimer's disease. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:1063-1075. [PMID: 38464932 PMCID: PMC10921302 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i6.1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a serious disease causing human dementia and social problems. The quality of life and prognosis of AD patients have attracted much attention. The role of chronic immune inflammation in the pathogenesis of AD is becoming more and more important. AIM To study the relationship among cognitive dysfunction, abnormal cellular immune function, neuroimaging results and poor prognostic factors in patients. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 62 hospitalized patients clinical diagnosed with AD who were admitted to our hospital from November 2015 to November 2020. Collect cognitive dysfunction performance characteristics, laboratory test data and neuroimaging data from medical records within 24 h of admission, including Mini Mental State Examination Scale score, drawing clock test, blood T lymphocyte subsets, and neutrophils and lymphocyte ratio (NLR), disturbance of consciousness, extrapyramidal symptoms, electroencephalogram (EEG) and head nucleus magnetic spectroscopy (MRS) and other data. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent prognostic factors. the modified Rankin scale (mRS) was used to determine whether the prognosis was good. The correlation between drug treatment and prognostic mRS score was tested by the rank sum test. RESULTS Univariate analysis showed that abnormal cellular immune function, extrapyramidal symptoms, obvious disturbance of consciousness, abnormal EEG, increased NLR, abnormal MRS, and complicated pneumonia were related to the poor prognosis of AD patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the decrease in the proportion of T lymphocytes in the blood after abnormal cellular immune function (odd ratio: 2.078, 95% confidence interval: 1.156-3.986, P < 0.05) was an independent risk factor for predicting the poor prognosis of AD. The number of days of donepezil treatment to improve cognitive function was negatively correlated with mRS score (r = 0.578, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The decrease in the proportion of T lymphocytes may have predictive value for the poor prognosis of AD. It is recommended that the proportion of T lymphocytes < 55% is used as the cut-off threshold for predicting the poor prognosis of AD. The early and continuous drug treatment is associated with a good prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Bai
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University in China, Duyun 558099, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hong-Mei Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Guizhou Medical University, Duyun 558099, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qi-Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yue-Zhi Hu
- Department of Neurology, Guizhou Medical University, Duyun 558099, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Fei-Fei Deng
- Department of Neurology, Guizhou Medical University, Duyun 558099, Guizhou Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
He Z, Zhang H, Li X, Shen L, Li N, Cheng S, Liu Q. Comparative proteomic analysis of cerebral cortex revealed neuroprotective mechanism of esculentoside A on Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 964:176226. [PMID: 38128868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Esculentoside A (EsA), isolated from phytolacca esculenta, is a saponin showing neuroprotective effect in the mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To investigate its action target and underlying mechanism, this study used the proteomics technique of isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) to analyze the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the cerebral cortex of EsA-treated and untreated triple-transgenic 3 × Tg-AD model mice. Proteomic comparison revealed 250, 436, and 903 DEPs in three group pairs, i.e. AD/Wild-type (WT), AD+5 mg/kg EsA/AD, AD+10 mg/kg EsA/AD, respectively. Among them 28 DEPs were commonly shared by three group pairs, and 25 of them showed reversed expression levels in the diseased group under the treatment of both doses of EsA. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these DEPs were mainly linked to metabolism, synapses, apoptosis, learning and memory. EsA treatment restored the expression of these proteins, including amyloid precursor protein (APP), cathepsin B (Cstb), 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (Abat), 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1), carnitine palmitoyltransferase1 (Cpt1) and synaptotagmin 17 (Syt17), thereby ameliorated the spatial learning and memory of AD mice. Collectively, this study reveals for the first time the profound effect of EsA on the cerebral cortex of AD mice, which might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China; National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Deep Processing of Green Se-rich Agricultural Products, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Huajie Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Liming Shen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Nan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, 518055, China
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Deep Processing of Green Se-rich Agricultural Products, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.
| | - Qiong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Madsen HB, Park JH, Chu X, Hou Y, Li Z, Rasmussen LJ, Croteau DL, Bohr VA, Akbari M. The cGAS-STING signaling pathway is modulated by urolithin A. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 217:111897. [PMID: 38109974 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
During aging, general cellular processes, including autophagic clearance and immunological responses become compromised; therefore, identifying compounds that target these cellular processes is an important approach to improve our health span. The innate immune cGAS-STING pathway has emerged as an important signaling system in the organismal defense against viral and bacterial infections, inflammatory responses to cellular damage, regulation of autophagy, and tumor immunosurveillance. These key functions of the cGAS-STING pathway make it an attractive target for pharmacological intervention in disease treatments and in controlling inflammation and immunity. Here, we show that urolithin A (UA), an ellagic acid metabolite, exerts a profound effect on the expression of STING and enhances cGAS-STING activation and cytosolic DNA clearance in human cell lines. Animal laboratory models and limited human trials have reported no obvious adverse effects of UA administration. Thus, the use of UA alone or in combination with other pharmacological compounds may present a potential therapeutic approach in the treatment of human diseases that involves aberrant activation of the cGAS-STING pathway or accumulation of cytosolic DNA and this warrants further investigation in relevant transgenic animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H B Madsen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, SUND, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - J-H Park
- Section on DNA repair, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - X Chu
- Section on DNA repair, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Y Hou
- Section on DNA repair, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Z Li
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, SUND, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - L J Rasmussen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, SUND, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - D L Croteau
- Section on DNA repair, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, USA; Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Computational Biology and Genomics Core, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, USA
| | - V A Bohr
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, SUND, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark; Section on DNA repair, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - M Akbari
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, SUND, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wei R, Wei P, Yuan H, Yi X, Aschner M, Jiang YM, Li SJ. Inflammation in Metal-Induced Neurological Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-023-04041-z. [PMID: 38206494 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-04041-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Essential metals play critical roles in maintaining human health as they participate in various physiological activities. Nonetheless, both excessive accumulation and deficiency of these metals may result in neurotoxicity secondary to neuroinflammation and the activation of microglia and astrocytes. Activation of these cells can promote the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. It is well known that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in metal-induced neurotoxicity as well as the development of neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Initially seen as a defense mechanism, persistent inflammatory responses are now considered harmful. Astrocytes and microglia are key regulators of neuroinflammation in the central nervous system, and their excessive activation may induce sustained neuroinflammation. Therefore, in this review, we aim to emphasize the important role and molecular mechanisms underlying metal-induced neurotoxicity. Our objective is to raise the awareness on metal-induced neuroinflammation in neurological disorders. However, it is not only just neuroinflammation that different metals could induce; they can also cause harm to the nervous system through oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy, to name a few. The primary pathophysiological mechanism by which these metals induce neurological disorders remains to be determined. In addition, given the various pathways through which individuals are exposed to metals, it is necessary to also consider the effects of co-exposure to multiple metals on neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruokun Wei
- Toxicology Department, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Peiqi Wei
- Toxicology Department, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Haiyan Yuan
- Toxicology Department, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiang Yi
- Toxicology Department, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Michael Aschner
- The Department of Molecular Pharmacology at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Yue-Ming Jiang
- Toxicology Department, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Shao-Jun Li
- Toxicology Department, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fisher DW, Dunn JT, Dong H. Distinguishing features of depression in dementia from primary psychiatric disease. DISCOVER MENTAL HEALTH 2024; 4:3. [PMID: 38175420 PMCID: PMC10767128 DOI: 10.1007/s44192-023-00057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a common and devastating neuropsychiatric symptom in the elderly and in patients with dementia. In particular, nearly 80% of patients with Alzheimer's Disease dementia experience depression during disease development and progression. However, it is unknown whether the depression in patients with dementia shares the same molecular mechanisms as depression presenting as primary psychiatric disease or occurs and persists through alternative mechanisms. In this review, we discuss how the clinical presentation and treatment differ between depression in dementia and as a primary psychiatric disease, with a focus on major depressive disorder. Then, we hypothesize several molecular mechanisms that may be unique to depression in dementia such as neuropathological changes, inflammation, and vascular events. Finally, we discuss existing issues and future directions for investigation and treatment of depression in dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Fisher
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356560, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Dunn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Hongxin Dong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kueck PJ, Morris JK, Stanford JA. Current Perspectives: Obesity and Neurodegeneration - Links and Risks. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2023; 13:111-129. [PMID: 38196559 PMCID: PMC10774290 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s388579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is increasing in prevalence across all age groups. Long-term obesity can lead to the development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases through its effects on adipose, skeletal muscle, and liver tissue. Pathological mechanisms associated with obesity include immune response and inflammation as well as oxidative stress and consequent endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction. Recent evidence links obesity to diminished brain health and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Both AD and PD are associated with insulin resistance, an underlying syndrome of obesity. Despite these links, causative mechanism(s) resulting in neurodegenerative disease remain unclear. This review discusses relationships between obesity, AD, and PD, including clinical and preclinical findings. The review then briefly explores nonpharmacological directions for intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Kueck
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Jill K Morris
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - John A Stanford
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Neațu M, Covaliu A, Ioniță I, Jugurt A, Davidescu EI, Popescu BO. Monoclonal Antibody Therapy in Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:60. [PMID: 38258071 PMCID: PMC11154277 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative condition marked by the progressive deterioration of cognitive abilities, memory impairment, and the accumulation of abnormal proteins, specifically beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles, within the brain. Despite extensive research efforts, Alzheimer's disease remains without a cure, presenting a significant global healthcare challenge. Recently, there has been an increased focus on antibody-based treatments as a potentially effective method for dealing with Alzheimer's disease. This paper offers a comprehensive overview of the current status of research on antibody-based molecules as therapies for Alzheimer's disease. We will briefly mention their mechanisms of action, therapeutic efficacy, and safety profiles while addressing the challenges and limitations encountered during their development. We also highlight some crucial considerations in antibody-based treatment development, including patient selection criteria, dosing regimens, or safety concerns. In conclusion, antibody-based therapies present a hopeful outlook for addressing Alzheimer's disease. While challenges remain, the accumulating evidence suggests that these therapies may offer substantial promise in ameliorating or preventing the progression of this debilitating condition, thus potentially enhancing the quality of life for the millions of individuals and families affected by Alzheimer's disease worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Neațu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.N.); (A.C.); (I.I.); (A.J.); (B.O.P.)
- Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Covaliu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.N.); (A.C.); (I.I.); (A.J.); (B.O.P.)
- Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iulia Ioniță
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.N.); (A.C.); (I.I.); (A.J.); (B.O.P.)
- Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Jugurt
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.N.); (A.C.); (I.I.); (A.J.); (B.O.P.)
- Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eugenia Irene Davidescu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.N.); (A.C.); (I.I.); (A.J.); (B.O.P.)
- Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ovidiu Popescu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.N.); (A.C.); (I.I.); (A.J.); (B.O.P.)
- Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurosciences and Experimental Myology, “Victor Babeș” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Asamu MO, Oladipo OO, Abayomi OA, Adebayo AA. Alzheimer's disease: The role of T lymphocytes in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Brain Res 2023; 1821:148589. [PMID: 37734576 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, the leading cause of progressive cognitive decline globally, has been reported to be enhanced by neuroinflammation. Brain-resident innate immune cells and adaptive immune cells work together to produce neuroinflammation. Studies over the past decade have established the neuroimmune axis present in Alzheimer's disease; the crosstalk between adaptive and innate immune cells within and outside the brain is crucial to the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Although the role of the adaptive immune system in Alzheimer's disease is not fully understood, it has been hypothesized that the brain's immune homeostasis is significantly disrupted, which greatly contributes to neuroinflammation. Brain-infiltrating T cells possess proinflammatory phenotypes and activities that directly contribute to neuroinflammation. The pro-inflammatory activities of the adaptive immune system in Alzheimer's disease are characterized by the upregulation of effector T cell activities and the downregulation of regulatory T cell activities in the brain, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid. In this review, we discuss the major impact of T lymphocytes on the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the role and mechanism of action of T cells in Alzheimer's disease would significantly contribute to the identification of novel biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring the progression of the disease. This knowledge could also be crucial to the development of immunotherapies for Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moses O Asamu
- Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Oladapo O Oladipo
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - Oluseun A Abayomi
- College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital (OOUTH), Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Afeez A Adebayo
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lu Z, Fu J, Wu G, Yang Z, Wu X, Wang D, You Z, Nie Z, Sheng Q. Neuroprotection and Mechanism of Gas-miR36-5p from Gastrodia elata in an Alzheimer's Disease Model by Regulating Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17295. [PMID: 38139125 PMCID: PMC10744203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is currently the most common neurodegenerative disease. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) is a pivotal factor in AD pathogenesis. Recent research has demonstrated that plant miRNAs exert cross-kingdom regulation on the target genes in animals. Gastrodia elata (G. elata) is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine that has significant pharmacological activity against diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Our previous studies have indicated that G. elata-specific miRNA plays a cross-kingdom regulatory role for the NF-κB signaling pathway in mice. In this study, further bioinformatics analysis suggested that Gas-miR36-5p targets GSK-3β. Through western blot, RT-qPCR, and assessments of T-AOC, SOD, and MDA levels, Gas-miR36-5p demonstrated its neuroprotective effects in an AD cell model. Furthermore, Gas-miR36-5p was detected in the murine brain tissues. The results of the Morris water maze test and western blot analysis provided positive evidence for reversing the learning deficits and hyperphosphorylation of Tau in AD mice, elucidating significant neuroprotective effects in an AD model following G. elata RNA administration. Our research emphasizes Gas-miR36-5p as a novel G. elata-specific miRNA with neuroprotective properties in Alzheimer's disease by targeting GSK-3β. Consequently, our findings provide valuable insights into the cross-kingdom regulatory mechanisms underlying G. elata-specific miRNA, presenting a novel perspective for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qing Sheng
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cho H, Choi BY, Shin YH, Suh SW, Park SB. Neuroinflammation-Modulating Agent SB1617 Enhances LC3-Associated Phagocytosis to Mitigate Tau Pathology. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:4139-4152. [PMID: 38014902 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau protein aggregation and propagation in neurons and surrounding microglia are well-known risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, emerging therapeutic strategies that target neuroinflammatory activity in microglia have the potential to prevent tauopathy. Here, we explored the microglia-mediated neuroprotective function of SB1617 against tau aggregation. Our study revealed that SB1617-inactivated pathogenic M1-like microglia, reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines via translational regulation, and induced microglial polarization toward the M2 phenotype and phagocytic function. Furthermore, we observed that extracellular pathogenic tau aggregates were eliminated via LC3-associated phagocytosis. The in vivo efficacy of SB1617 was confirmed in mice with traumatic brain injury in which SB1617 exerted neuroprotective effects by reducing pathogenic tau levels through microglia-mediated anti-inflammatory activity. Our results indicated that SB1617-mediated microglial surveillance with LC3-associated phagocytosis is a critical molecular mechanism in the regulation of tau proteostasis. This study provides new insights into tauopathies and directions for developing novel therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Cho
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Bo Young Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Department of Physical Education, College of Natural Sciences, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Young-Hee Shin
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Tech University of Korea, Siheung 15073, Korea
| | - Sang Won Suh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Seung Bum Park
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ma X, Shin YJ, Yoo JW, Park HS, Kim DH. Extracellular vesicles derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis induce trigeminal nerve-mediated cognitive impairment. J Adv Res 2023; 54:293-303. [PMID: 36796586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG)-infected periodontitis is in close connection with the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). PG-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs) contain inflammation-inducing virulence factors, including gingipains (GPs) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). OBJECTIVES To understand how PG could cause cognitive decline, we investigated the effects of PG and pEVs on the etiology of periodontitis and cognitive impairment in mice. METHODS Cognitive behaviors were measured in the Y-maze and novel object recognition tasks. Biomarkers were measured using ELISA, qPCR, immunofluorescence assay, and pyrosequencing. RESULTS pEVs contained neurotoxic GPs and inflammation-inducible fimbria protein and LPS. Gingivally exposed, but not orally gavaged, PG or pEVs caused periodontitis and induced memory impairment-like behaviors. Gingival exposure to PG or pEVs increased TNF-α expression in the periodontal and hippocampus tissues. They also increased hippocampal GP+Iba1+, LPS+Iba1+, and NF-κB+Iba1+ cell numbers. Gingivally exposed PG or pEVs decreased BDNF, claudin-5, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor expression and BDNF+NeuN+ cell number. Gingivally exposed fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate-labeled pEVs (F-pEVs) were detected in the trigeminal ganglia and hippocampus. However, right trigeminal neurectomy inhibited the translocation of gingivally injected F-EVs into the right trigeminal ganglia. Gingivally exposed PG or pEVs increased blood LPS and TNF-α levels. Furthermore, they caused colitis and gut dysbiosis. CONCLUSION Gingivally infected PG, particularly pEVs, may cause cognitive decline with periodontitis. PG products pEVs and LPS may be translocated into the brain through the trigeminal nerve and periodontal blood pathways, respectively, resulting in the cognitive decline, which may cause colitis and gut dysbiosis. Therefore, pEVs may be a remarkable risk factor for dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Ma
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dong-daemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Yoon-Jung Shin
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dong-daemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Jong-Wook Yoo
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dong-daemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Hee-Seo Park
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dong-daemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dong-daemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zou P, Wu C, Liu TCY, Duan R, Yang L. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in Alzheimer's disease: from physiology to pathology. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:52. [PMID: 37964328 PMCID: PMC10644503 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) play pivotal roles in myelin formation and phagocytosis, communicating with neighboring cells and contributing to the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, under the pathological circumstances of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the brain's microenvironment undergoes detrimental changes that significantly impact OPCs and their functions. Starting with OPC functions, we delve into the transformation of OPCs to myelin-producing oligodendrocytes, the intricate signaling interactions with other cells in the central nervous system (CNS), and the fascinating process of phagocytosis, which influences the function of OPCs and affects CNS homeostasis. Moreover, we discuss the essential role of OPCs in BBB formation and highlight the critical contribution of OPCs in forming CNS-protective barriers. In the context of AD, the deterioration of the local microenvironment in the brain is discussed, mainly focusing on neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and the accumulation of toxic proteins. The detrimental changes disturb the delicate balance in the brain, impacting the regenerative capacity of OPCs and compromising myelin integrity. Under pathological conditions, OPCs experience significant alterations in migration and proliferation, leading to impaired differentiation and a reduced ability to produce mature oligodendrocytes. Moreover, myelin degeneration and formation become increasingly active in AD, contributing to progressive neurodegeneration. Finally, we summarize the current therapeutic approaches targeting OPCs in AD. Strategies to revitalize OPC senescence, modulate signaling pathways to enhance OPC differentiation, and explore other potential therapeutic avenues are promising in alleviating the impact of AD on OPCs and CNS function. In conclusion, this review highlights the indispensable role of OPCs in CNS function and their involvement in the pathogenesis of AD. The intricate interplay between OPCs and the AD brain microenvironment underscores the complexity of neurodegenerative diseases. Insights from studying OPCs under pathological conditions provide a foundation for innovative therapeutic strategies targeting OPCs and fostering neurodegeneration. Future research will advance our understanding and management of neurodegenerative diseases, ultimately offering hope for effective treatments and improved quality of life for those affected by AD and related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peibin Zou
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Chongyun Wu
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Timon Cheng-Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Rui Duan
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Luodan Yang
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang F, Cao RL, Liu P, Chi TY, Ji XF, Zheng ZH, Chen GL, Zou LB. The bexarotene derivative OAB-14 ameliorates cognitive decline in APP/PS1 transgenic mice by suppressing microglia-mediated neuroinflammation through the PPAR-γ pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110911. [PMID: 37696142 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is believed to be a critical process involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we investigated the pharmacological ability of OAB-14, a small molecule compound derived from bexarotene, to reduce neuroinflammation and improve cognitive decline in an AD mouse model (in vivo) and its ability to regulate signaling pathways implicated in neuroinflammation in vitro. It was found that OAB-14 significantly improved the cognitive function of 11-month-old AD mice (APP/PS1 transgenic mice) in a dose-dependent manner. Simultaneously, OAB-14 dramatically inhibited the activation of microglia in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of AD mice and dose-dependently downregulated the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) in the cerebral cortex. At the cellular level, OAB-14 reversed the downregulation of M2 phenotypic markers, including mannose receptor C-type 1 (MRC1) and arginase 1 (ARG1), in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or amyloid-β protein oligomer (oAβ1-42)-activated BV2 microglial cells and partially restored their ability to clear Aβ. However, these effects were suppressed when peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) was specifically inhibited by GW9662, a selective PPAR-γ antagonist. These results suggested that OAB-14 could regulate microglial polarization by regulating PPAR-γ signaling, thereby mitigating neuroinflammation and improving cognitive function in AD mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China; Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong first Medical University, Jinan 250117, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ruo-Lin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Tian-Yan Chi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Xue-Fei Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Zhong-Hui Zheng
- Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zibo 255086, Shandong, PR China
| | - Guo-Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Li-Bo Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hu J, Sha W, Yuan S, Wu J, Huang Y. Aggregation, Transmission, and Toxicity of the Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau: A Complex Comprehension. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15023. [PMID: 37834471 PMCID: PMC10573976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241915023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein tau is an intrinsically disordered protein containing a few short and transient secondary structures. Tau physiologically associates with microtubules (MTs) for its stabilization and detaches from MTs to regulate its dynamics. Under pathological conditions, tau is abnormally modified, detaches from MTs, and forms protein aggregates in neuronal and glial cells. Tau protein aggregates can be found in a number of devastating neurodegenerative diseases known as "tauopathies", such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), etc. However, it is still unclear how the tau protein is compacted into ordered protein aggregates, and the toxicity of the aggregates is still debated. Fortunately, there has been considerable progress in the study of tau in recent years, particularly in the understanding of the intercellular transmission of pathological tau species, the structure of tau aggregates, and the conformational change events in the tau polymerization process. In this review, we summarize the concepts of tau protein aggregation and discuss the views on tau protein transmission and toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; (J.H.); (W.S.); (S.Y.)
| | - Wenchi Sha
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; (J.H.); (W.S.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shuangshuang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; (J.H.); (W.S.); (S.Y.)
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; (J.H.); (W.S.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yunpeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; (J.H.); (W.S.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhu Y, Kong L, Han T, Yan Q, Liu J. Machine learning identification and immune infiltration of disulfidptosis-related Alzheimer's disease molecular subtypes. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1037. [PMID: 37904698 PMCID: PMC10566450 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder. Disulfidptosis is a newly discovered form of programmed cell death that holds promise as a therapeutic strategy for various disorders. However, the functional roles of disulfidptosis-related genes (DRGs) in AD remain unknown. METHODS Microarray data and clinical information from patients with AD and healthy controls were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. A thorough examination of DRG expression and immune characteristics in both groups was performed. Based on the identified DRGs, we performed an unsupervised clustering analysis to categorize the AD samples into various disulfidptosis-related molecular clusters. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed to select hub genes specific to disulfidptosis-related AD clusters. The performances of various machine learning models were compared to determine the optimal predictive model. The predictive ability of the optimal model was assessed using nomogram analysis and five external datasets. RESULTS Eight DRGs showed differential expression between the AD and control samples. Two different molecular clusters were identified. The immune cell infiltration analysis revealed distinct differences in the immune microenvironment of the two clusters. The support vector machine model showed the highest performance, and a panel of five signature genes was identified, which showed excellent performance on the external validation datasets. The nomogram analysis also showed high accuracy in predicting AD. CONCLUSION We identified disulfidptosis-related molecular clusters in AD and established a novel risk model to assess the likelihood of developing AD. These findings revealed a complex association between disulfidptosis and AD, which may aid in identifying potential therapeutic targets for this debilitating disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lingyue Kong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Tianxiong Han
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qiongzhi Yan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Overeem LH, Raffaelli B, Fleischmann R, Süße M, Vogelgesang A, Maceski AM, Papadopoulou A, Ruprecht K, Su W, Koch M, Siebert A, Arkuszewski M, Tenenbaum N, Kuhle J, Reuter U. Serum tau protein elevation in migraine: a cross-sectional case-control study. J Headache Pain 2023; 24:130. [PMID: 37726712 PMCID: PMC10507851 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-023-01663-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migraine is a disorder associated with neuropeptide release, pain and inflammation. Tau protein has recently been linked to inflammatory diseases and can be influenced by neuropeptides such as CGRP, a key neurotransmitter in migraine. Here, we report serum concentrations of total-tau protein in migraine patients and healthy controls. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, interictal blood samples from n = 92 patients with episodic migraine (EM), n = 93 patients with chronic migraine (CM), and n = 42 healthy matched controls (HC) were studied. We assessed serum total-tau protein (t-tau) and for comparison neurofilament light chain protein (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L (UCH-L1) concentrations using the Neurology 4-plex kit, on a single molecule array HD-X Analyzer (Quanterix Corp Lexington, MA). Matched serum/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were used for post-hoc evaluations of a central nervous system (CNS) source of relevant findings. We applied non-parametric tests to compare groups and assess correlations. RESULTS Serum t-tau concentrations were elevated in EM [0.320 (0.204 to 0.466) pg/mL] and CM [0.304 (0.158 to 0.406) pg/mL] patients compared to HC [0.200 (0.114 to 0.288) pg/mL] (p = 0.002 vs. EM; p = 0.025 vs. CM). EM with aura [0.291 (0.184 to 0.486 pg/mL); p = 0.013] and EM without aura [0.332 (0.234 to 0.449) pg/mL; p = 0.008] patients had higher t-tau levels than HC but did not differ between each other. Subgroup analysis of CM with/without preventive treatment revealed elevated t-tau levels compared to HC only in the non-prevention group [0.322 (0.181 to 0.463) pg/mL; p = 0.009]. T-tau was elevated in serum (p = 0.028) but not in cerebrospinal fluid (p = 0.760). In contrast to t-tau, all proteins associated with cell damage (NfL, GFAP, and UCH-L1), did not differ between groups. DISCUSSION Migraine is associated with t-tau elevation in serum but not in the CSF. Our clinical study identifies t-tau as a new target for migraine research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Hendrik Overeem
- Department of Neurology With Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
- Doctoral Program, International Graduate Program Medical Neurosciences, Humboldt Graduate School, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Bianca Raffaelli
- Department of Neurology With Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
- Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Robert Fleischmann
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Marie Süße
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Antje Vogelgesang
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Maleska Maceski
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, 4051, Switzerland
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, 4051, Switzerland
| | - Athina Papadopoulou
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, 4051, Switzerland
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, 4051, Switzerland
| | - Klemens Ruprecht
- Department of Neurology With Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Wendy Su
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Mirja Koch
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Anke Siebert
- Department of Neurology With Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | | | - Nadia Tenenbaum
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jens Kuhle
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, 4051, Switzerland
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, 4051, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Reuter
- Department of Neurology With Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Smolen P, Dash PK, Redell JB. Traumatic brain injury-associated epigenetic changes and the risk for neurodegenerative diseases. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1259405. [PMID: 37795186 PMCID: PMC10546067 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1259405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases the risk for developing neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). However, molecular mechanisms that underlie this risk are largely unidentified. TBI triggers widespread epigenetic modifications. Similarly, NDs such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's are associated with numerous epigenetic changes. Although epigenetic changes can persist after TBI, it is unresolved if these modifications increase the risk of later ND development and/or dementia. We briefly review TBI-related epigenetic changes, and point out putative feedback loops that might contribute to long-term persistence of some modifications. We then focus on evidence suggesting persistent TBI-associated epigenetic changes may contribute to pathological processes (e.g., neuroinflammation) which may facilitate the development of specific NDs - Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, or chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Finally, we discuss possible directions for TBI therapies that may help prevent or delay development of NDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Smolen
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Go MJ, Kim JM, Lee HL, Kim TY, Joo SG, Kim JH, Lee HS, Kim DO, Heo HJ. Anti-Amnesia-like Effect of Pinus densiflora Extract by Improving Apoptosis and Neuroinflammation on Trimethyltin-Induced ICR Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14084. [PMID: 37762386 PMCID: PMC10531555 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the anti-amnestic property of Korean red pine bark extract (KRPBE) on TMT-induced cognitive decline in ICR mice. As a result of looking at behavioral function, the consumption of KRPBE improved the spatial work ability, short-term learning, and memory ability by Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests. KRPBE suppressed antioxidant system damage by assessing the SOD activity, reduced GSH content, and MDA levels in brain tissue. In addition, it had a protective effect on cholinergic and synaptic systems by regulating ACh levels, AChE activity, and protein expression levels of ChAT, AChE, SYP, and PSD-95. Also, the KRPBE ameliorated TMT-induced mitochondrial damage by regulating the ROS content, MMP, and ATP levels. Treatment with KRPBE suppressed Aβ accumulation and phosphorylation of tau and reduced the expression level of BAX/BCl-2 ratio and caspase 3, improving oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Moreover, treatment with KRPBE improved cognitive dysfunction by regulating the neuro-inflammatory protein expression levels of p-JNK, p-Akt, p-IκB-α, COX-2, and IL-1β. Based on these results, the extract of Korean red pine bark, which is discarded as a byproduct of forestry, might be used as an eco-friendly material for functional foods or pharmaceuticals by having an anti-amnesia effect on cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Go
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (M.J.G.); (J.M.K.); (H.L.L.); (T.Y.K.); (S.G.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (M.J.G.); (J.M.K.); (H.L.L.); (T.Y.K.); (S.G.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Hyo Lim Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (M.J.G.); (J.M.K.); (H.L.L.); (T.Y.K.); (S.G.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Tae Yoon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (M.J.G.); (J.M.K.); (H.L.L.); (T.Y.K.); (S.G.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Seung Gyum Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (M.J.G.); (J.M.K.); (H.L.L.); (T.Y.K.); (S.G.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Ju Hui Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (M.J.G.); (J.M.K.); (H.L.L.); (T.Y.K.); (S.G.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Han Su Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (M.J.G.); (J.M.K.); (H.L.L.); (T.Y.K.); (S.G.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Dae-Ok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ho Jin Heo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (M.J.G.); (J.M.K.); (H.L.L.); (T.Y.K.); (S.G.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.S.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhao X, Zeng W, Xu H, Sun Z, Hu Y, Peng B, McBride JD, Duan J, Deng J, Zhang B, Kim SJ, Zoll B, Saito T, Sasaguri H, Saido TC, Ballatore C, Yao H, Wang Z, Trojanowski JQ, Brunden KR, Lee VMY, He Z. A microtubule stabilizer ameliorates protein pathogenesis and neurodegeneration in mouse models of repetitive traumatic brain injury. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabo6889. [PMID: 37703352 PMCID: PMC10787216 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo6889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Tau pathogenesis is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the events leading to initial tau misfolding and subsequent tau spreading in patient brains are largely unknown, traumatic brain injury (TBI) may be a risk factor for tau-mediated neurodegeneration. Using a repetitive TBI (rTBI) paradigm, we report that rTBI induced somatic accumulation of phosphorylated and misfolded tau, as well as neurodegeneration across multiple brain areas in 7-month-old tau transgenic PS19 mice but not wild-type (WT) mice. rTBI accelerated somatic tau pathology in younger PS19 mice and WT mice only after inoculation with tau preformed fibrils and AD brain-derived pathological tau (AD-tau), respectively, suggesting that tau seeds are needed for rTBI-induced somatic tau pathology. rTBI further disrupted axonal microtubules and induced punctate tau and TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology in the optic tracts of WT mice. These changes in the optic tract were associated with a decline of visual function. Treatment with a brain-penetrant microtubule-stabilizing molecule reduced rTBI-induced tau, TDP-43 pathogenesis, and neurodegeneration in the optic tract as well as visual dysfunction. Treatment with the microtubule stabilizer also alleviated rTBI-induced tau pathology in the cortices of AD-tau-inoculated WT mice. These results indicate that rTBI facilitates abnormal microtubule organization, pathological tau formation, and neurodegeneration and suggest microtubule stabilization as a potential therapeutic avenue for TBI-induced neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zihan Sun
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingxin Hu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Beibei Peng
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jennifer D McBride
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jiangtao Duan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Juan Deng
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Soo-Jung Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bryan Zoll
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory of Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sasaguri
- Laboratory of Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory of Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Haishan Yao
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhaoyin Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kurt R Brunden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhuohao He
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chen Y, Yu Y. Tau and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: interplay mechanisms and clinical translation. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:165. [PMID: 37452321 PMCID: PMC10349496 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) contributes to most cases of dementia. Its prominent neuropathological features are the extracellular neuritic plaques and intercellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau protein, respectively. In the past few decades, disease-modifying therapy targeting Aβ has been the focus of AD drug development. Even though it is encouraging that two of these drugs have recently received accelerated US Food and Drug Administration approval for AD treatment, their efficacy or long-term safety is controversial. Tau has received increasing attention as a potential therapeutic target, since evidence indicates that tau pathology is more associated with cognitive dysfunction. Moreover, inflammation, especially neuroinflammation, accompanies AD pathological processes and is also linked to cognitive deficits. Accumulating evidence indicates that inflammation has a complex and tight interplay with tau pathology. Here, we review recent evidence on the interaction between tau pathology, focusing on tau post-translational modification and dissemination, and neuroinflammatory responses, including glial cell activation and inflammatory signaling pathways. Then, we summarize the latest clinical trials targeting tau and neuroinflammation. Sustained and increased inflammatory responses in glial cells and neurons are pivotal cellular drivers and regulators of the exacerbation of tau pathology, which further contributes to its worsening by aggravating inflammatory responses. Unraveling the precise mechanisms underlying the relationship between tau pathology and neuroinflammation will provide new insights into the discovery and clinical translation of therapeutic targets for AD and other tau-related diseases (tauopathies). Targeting multiple pathologies and precision therapy strategies will be the crucial direction for developing drugs for AD and other tauopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Doroszkiewicz J, Kulczyńska-Przybik A, Dulewicz M, Borawska R, Zajkowska M, Słowik A, Mroczko B. Potential Utility of Cerebrospinal Fluid Glycoprotein Nonmetastatic Melanoma Protein B as a Neuroinflammatory Diagnostic Biomarker in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4689. [PMID: 37510803 PMCID: PMC10380476 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a very common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the gradual loss of neurons and extracellular amyloid-peptide buildup. There is compelling evidence that the disease process depends on neuroinflammatory alterations, such as the activation of astrocytes and microglia cells. A transmembrane glycoprotein known as glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) plays a neuroprotective role during the development of neurodegeneration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation discussing the potential clinical usefulness of this protein in the AD continuum, especially in the MCI (mild cognitive impairment) stage. A total of 71 patients with AD or MCI as well as controls were enrolled in this study. The concentrations of GPNMB, YKL-40, Aβ1-42 (amyloid beta 1-42), Tau, and pTau and the Aβ1-42/1-40 ratio in the CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) were tested using immunological methods. The concentrations of both GPNMB and YKL-40 in the cerebrospinal fluid were significantly higher in patients with AD and MCI compared to the controls. Moreover, both proteins were biochemically associated with classical biomarkers of AD and were especially associated with the Aβ1-42/1-40 ratio and Tau and pTau levels in the whole study group. Elevated concentrations of GPNMB were observed in the Aβ(+) group of AD patients compared to the Aβ(-) subjects. Additionally, the diagnostic performance (AUC value) of GPNMB was higher than that of amyloid β1-42 in MCI patients compared with controls. Our study indicates that GPNMB might be a promising neuroinflammatory biomarker for the early diagnosis and prognosis of the AD continuum, with potential utility as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Doroszkiewicz
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Dulewicz
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Renata Borawska
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Monika Zajkowska
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Słowik
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pampuscenko K, Morkuniene R, Krasauskas L, Smirnovas V, Brown GC, Borutaite V. Extracellular tau stimulates phagocytosis of living neurons by activated microglia via Toll-like 4 receptor-NLRP3 inflammasome-caspase-1 signalling axis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10813. [PMID: 37402829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37887-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In tauopathies, abnormal deposition of intracellular tau protein followed by gradual elevation of tau in cerebrospinal fluids and neuronal loss has been documented, however, the mechanism how actually neurons die under tau pathology is largely unknown. We have previously shown that extracellular tau protein (2N4R isoform) can stimulate microglia to phagocytose live neurons, i.e. cause neuronal death by primary phagocytosis, also known as phagoptosis. Here we show that tau protein induced caspase-1 activation in microglial cells via 'Toll-like' 4 (TLR4) receptors and neutral sphingomyelinase. Tau-induced neuronal loss was blocked by caspase-1 inhibitors (Ac-YVAD-CHO and VX-765) as well as by TLR4 antibodies. Inhibition of caspase-1 by Ac-YVAD-CHO prevented tau-induced exposure of phosphatidylserine on the outer leaflet of neuronal membranes and reduced microglial phagocytic activity. We also show that suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome, which is down-stream of TLR4 receptors and mediates caspase-1 activation, by a specific inhibitor (MCC550) also prevented tau-induced neuronal loss. Moreover, NADPH oxidase is also involved in tau-induced neurotoxicity since neuronal loss was abolished by its pharmacological inhibitor. Overall, our data indicate that extracellular tau protein stimulates microglia to phagocytose live neurons via Toll-like 4 receptor-NLRP3 inflammasome-caspase-1 axis and NADPH oxidase, each of which may serve as a potential molecular target for pharmacological treatment of tauopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katryna Pampuscenko
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50161, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Ramune Morkuniene
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50161, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Lukas Krasauskas
- Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Smirnovas
- Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Guy C Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Vilmante Borutaite
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50161, Kaunas, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Park JH, Hwang JW, Lee HJ, Jang GM, Jeong YJ, Cho J, Seo J, Hoe HS. Lomerizine inhibits LPS-mediated neuroinflammation and tau hyperphosphorylation by modulating NLRP3, DYRK1A, and GSK3α/β. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1150940. [PMID: 37435081 PMCID: PMC10331167 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1150940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lomerizine is a calcium channel blocker that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used clinically in the treatment of migraines. However, whether lomerizine is beneficial in modulating neuroinflammatory responses has not been tested yet. Methods To assess the potential of lomerizine for repurposing as a treatment for neuroinflammation, we investigated the effects of lomerizine on LPS-induced proinflammatory responses in BV2 microglial cells, Alzheimer's disease (AD) excitatory neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and in LPS-treated wild type mice. Results In BV2 microglial cells, lomerizine pretreatment significantly reduced LPS-evoked proinflammatory cytokine and NLRP3 mRNA levels. Similarly, lomerizine pretreatment significantly suppressed the increases in Iba-1, GFAP, proinflammatory cytokine and NLRP3 expression induced by LPS in wild-type mice. In addition, lomerizine posttreatment significantly decreased LPS-stimulated proinflammatory cytokine and SOD2 mRNA levels in BV2 microglial cells and/or wild-type mice. In LPS-treated wild-type mice and AD excitatory neurons differentiated from iPSCs, lomerizine pretreatment ameliorated tau hyperphosphorylation. Finally, lomerizine abolished the LPS-mediated activation of GSK3α/β and upregulation of DYRK1A, which is responsible for tau hyperphosphorylation, in wild-type mice. Discussion These data suggest that lomerizine attenuates LPS-mediated neuroinflammatory responses and tau hyperphosphorylation and is a potential drug for neuroinflammation- or tauopathy-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hee Park
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Hwang
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-ju Lee
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum Mi Jang
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Joo Jeong
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonho Cho
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsoo Seo
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Barakat GM, Assi G, El Khoury NB. Mental Health: Pandemics, Epidemics and Tau Protein. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2023; 19:e174501792305020. [PMID: 37916210 PMCID: PMC10351338 DOI: 10.2174/17450179-v19-e230510-2022-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Background It is well established that a wide range of psychological disorders are influenced by the way people live, with lifestyle-related factors playing a substantial role. During the past decade, the effects of major disasters on mental health have drawn a lot of attention. Aim In this review, we compare clinical studies reporting a link between COVID-19 and other pandemics and mental health. Importantly, we also shed light on Tau protein and neurotransmitters as neurobiological factors that might explain this link. Methods A thorough PubMed search was done to gather and summarize published data on the COVID-19 pandemic's effect on mental health. Additionally, these studies were compared to previous research published on PubMed, triggering other pandemic and epidemic impacts on mental health. Results The COVID-19 epidemic has had the biggest impact on raising awareness about mental health. Moreover, the past century has seen an increase in the frequency of disease outbreaks like MERS-CoV, Ebola, and Influenza, which all had an impact on mental health. However, the exact role of these epidemics on mental health and brain functions is poorly understood. Conclusion Future research on the underlying pathways may yield essential information for the treatment and prevention of prospective mental diseases in light of the ongoing decline in mental health during the past 10 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghinwa M. Barakat
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghaith Assi
- Department of Neuroscience, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Noura B. El Khoury
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chu Z, Han S, Luo Y, Zhou Y, Zhu L, Luo F. Targeting gut-brain axis by dietary flavonoids ameliorate aging-related cognition decline: Evidences and mechanisms. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-22. [PMID: 37300491 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2222404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related cognitive impairment, mainly Alzheimer's disease (AD), has been widely studied. However, effective prevention and treatment methods are still lacking. In recent years, researchers have observed beneficial effects of plant-based supplements, such as flavonoids, on cognitive protection. This provides a new clue for the prevention of cognitive dysfunction. Studies have shown that dietary flavonoids have neuroprotective effects, but the mechanism is not clear. In this review, we systematically reviewed the research progress on the effects of dietary flavonoids on gut microbes and their metabolites, and concluded that flavonoids could improve cognitive function through the gut-brain axis. Flavonoids can be absorbed through the intestine, cross the blood-brain barrier, and enter the brain tissue. Flavonoids can inhibit the expression and secretion of inflammatory factors in brain tissue, reduce the damage caused by oxidative stress, clear neural damage proteins and inhibit neuronal apoptosis, thereby ameliorating age-related cognitive disorders. Future work will continue to explore the gut-brain axis and target genes regulated by flavonoids. In addition, clinical research and its mechanisms need to be further explored to provide solutions or advise for patients with cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxing Chu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuai Han
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Clinic Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaping Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingfeng Zhu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wong-Guerra M, Calfio C, Maccioni RB, Rojo LE. Revisiting the neuroinflammation hypothesis in Alzheimer's disease: a focus on the druggability of current targets. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1161850. [PMID: 37361208 PMCID: PMC10288808 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1161850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative disease and disability in the elderly; it is estimated to account for 60%-70% of all cases of dementia worldwide. The most relevant mechanistic hypothesis to explain AD symptoms is neurotoxicity induced by aggregated amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and misfolded tau protein. These molecular entities are seemingly insufficient to explain AD as a multifactorial disease characterized by synaptic dysfunction, cognitive decline, psychotic symptoms, chronic inflammatory environment within the central nervous system (CNS), activated microglial cells, and dysfunctional gut microbiota. The discovery that AD is a neuroinflammatory disease linked to innate immunity phenomena started in the early nineties by several authors, including the ICC´s group that described, in 2004, the role IL-6 in AD-type phosphorylation of tau protein in deregulating the cdk5/p35 pathway. The "Theory of Neuroimmunomodulation", published in 2008, proposed the onset and progression of degenerative diseases as a multi-component "damage signals" phenomena, suggesting the feasibility of "multitarget" therapies in AD. This theory explains in detail the cascade of molecular events stemming from microglial disorder through the overactivation of the Cdk5/p35 pathway. All these knowledge have led to the rational search for inflammatory druggable targets against AD. The accumulated evidence on increased levels of inflammatory markers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AD patients, along with reports describing CNS alterations caused by senescent immune cells in neuro-degenerative diseases, set out a conceptual framework in which the neuroinflammation hypothesis is being challenged from different angles towards developing new therapies against AD. The current evidence points to controversial findings in the search for therapeutic candidates to treat neuroinflammation in AD. In this article, we discuss a neuroimmune-modulatory perspective for pharmacological exploration of molecular targets against AD, as well as potential deleterious effects of modifying neuroinflammation in the brain parenchyma. We specifically focus on the role of B and T cells, immuno-senescence, the brain lymphatic system (BLS), gut-brain axis alterations, and dysfunctional interactions between neurons, microglia and astrocytes. We also outline a rational framework for identifying "druggable" targets for multi-mechanistic small molecules with therapeutic potential against AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maylin Wong-Guerra
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (CBA-USACH), Santiago, Chile
- International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Calfio
- International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurosciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo B. Maccioni
- International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurosciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonel E. Rojo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (CBA-USACH), Santiago, Chile
- International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Johnson AM, Lukens JR. The innate immune response in tauopathies. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250266. [PMID: 36932726 PMCID: PMC10247424 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Tauopathies, which include frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy, are a class of neurological disorders resulting from pathogenic tau aggregates. These aggregates disrupt neuronal health and function leading to the cognitive and physical decline of tauopathy patients. Genome-wide association studies and clinical evidence have brought to light the large role of the immune system in inducing and driving tau-mediated pathology. More specifically, innate immune genes are found to harbor tauopathy risk alleles, and innate immune pathways are upregulated throughout the course of disease. Experimental evidence has expanded on these findings by describing pivotal roles for the innate immune system in the regulation of tau kinases and tau aggregates. In this review, we summarize the literature implicating innate immune pathways as drivers of tauopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M. Johnson
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia (UVA), Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UVA, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- BIG Training Graduate Program, UVA, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - John R. Lukens
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia (UVA), Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UVA, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- BIG Training Graduate Program, UVA, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yang X, Guo W, Yang L, Li X, Zhang Z, Pang X, Liu J, Pang C. The relationship between protein modified folding molecular network and Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis based on BAG2-HSC70-STUB1-MAPT expression patterns analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1090400. [PMID: 37251806 PMCID: PMC10213342 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1090400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and cognitive decline, while its pathological mechanism remains unclear. Tauopathies is one of the most widely accepted hypotheses. In this study, the molecular network was established and the expression pattern of the core gene was analyzed, confirming that the dysfunction of protein folding and degradation is one of the critical factors for AD. Methods This study analyzed 9 normal people and 22 AD patients' microarray data obtained from GSE1297 in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The matrix decomposition analysis was used to identify the correlation between the molecular network and AD. The mathematics of the relationship between the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the expression level of the genes involved in the molecular network was found by Neural Network (NN). Furthermore, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) model was for classification according to the expression value of genes. Results The difference of eigenvalues is small in first three stages and increases dramatically in the severe stage. For example, the maximum eigenvalue changed to 0.79 in the severe group from 0.56 in the normal group. The sign of the elements in the eigenvectors of biggest eigenvalue reversed. The linear function of the relationship between clinical MMSE and gene expression values was observed. Then, the model of Neural Network (NN) is designed to predict the value of MMSE based on the linear function, and the predicted accuracy is up to 0.93. For the SVM classification, the accuracy of the model is 0.72. Conclusion This study shows that the molecular network of protein folding and degradation represented by "BAG2-HSC70-STUB1-MAPT" has a strong relationship with the occurrence and progression of AD, and this degree of correlation of the four genes gradually weakens with the progression of AD. The mathematical mapping of the relationship between gene expression and clinical MMSE was found, and it can be used in predicting MMSE or classification with high accuracy. These genes are expected to be potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenbo Guo
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Yang
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuehui Li
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengkun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinping Pang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaoyang Pang
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ratan Y, Rajput A, Maleysm S, Pareek A, Jain V, Pareek A, Kaur R, Singh G. An Insight into Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Pathogenesis of Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051398. [PMID: 37239068 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prominent neurodegenerative disorder in the aging population. It is characterized by cognitive decline, gradual neurodegeneration, and the development of amyloid-β (Aβ)-plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, which constitute hyperphosphorylated tau. The early stages of neurodegeneration in AD include the loss of neurons, followed by synaptic impairment. Since the discovery of AD, substantial factual research has surfaced that outlines the disease's causes, molecular mechanisms, and prospective therapeutics, but a successful cure for the disease has not yet been discovered. This may be attributed to the complicated pathogenesis of AD, the absence of a well-defined molecular mechanism, and the constrained diagnostic resources and treatment options. To address the aforementioned challenges, extensive disease modeling is essential to fully comprehend the underlying mechanisms of AD, making it easier to design and develop effective treatment strategies. Emerging evidence over the past few decades supports the critical role of Aβ and tau in AD pathogenesis and the participation of glial cells in different molecular and cellular pathways. This review extensively discusses the current understanding concerning Aβ- and tau-associated molecular mechanisms and glial dysfunction in AD. Moreover, the critical risk factors associated with AD including genetics, aging, environmental variables, lifestyle habits, medical conditions, viral/bacterial infections, and psychiatric factors have been summarized. The present study will entice researchers to more thoroughly comprehend and explore the current status of the molecular mechanism of AD, which may assist in AD drug development in the forthcoming era.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yashumati Ratan
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Aishwarya Rajput
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sushmita Maleysm
- Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Aaushi Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vivek Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ashutosh Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ranjeet Kaur
- Adesh Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Bathinda 151101, Punjab, India
| | - Gurjit Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chai YL, Lee JH, Chong JR, Ballard C, Francis PT, Kennedy BK, Arumugam TV, Chen CP, Aarsland D, Lai MKP. Inflammatory panel cytokines are elevated in the neocortex of late-stage Alzheimer's disease but not Lewy body dementias. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:111. [PMID: 37158957 PMCID: PMC10169342 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02789-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronically dysregulated neuroinflammation has been implicated in neurodegenerative dementias, with separate studies reporting increased brain levels of inflammatory mediators and gliosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) as well as in Lewy body dementias (LBD). However, it is unclear whether the nature and extent of neuroinflammatory responses in LBD are comparable to those in AD. In this study, we performed head-to-head measurements of a panel of cytokines in the post-mortem neocortex of AD versus the two major clinical subtypes of LBD, namely, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). METHODS Post-mortem tissues from the mid-temporal cortex (Brodmann area 21) of a cohort of neuropathologically well-defined AD, PDD and DLB patients were processed and measured for a comprehensive range of cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1Ra, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IFN-γ, GM-CSF and FGF-2) using a multiplex immunoassay platform. Associations between inflammation markers and neuropathological measures of neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles as well as Lewy bodies were also performed. RESULTS We found IL-1α, IFN-γ, GM-CSF and IL-13 to be elevated in the mid-temporal cortex of AD patients. In contrast, none of the measured cytokines were significantly altered in either DLB or PDD. Similar cytokine changes were observed in two other neocortical areas of AD patients. Furthermore, increases of IL-1α, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, IL-10 and IL-13 associated with moderate-to-severe neurofibrillary tangle burden, but not with neuritic plaques or Lewy bodies. Our findings of elevated neocortical pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in AD, but not in DLB or PDD, suggest that neuroinflammatory responses are strongly linked to neurofibrillary tangle burden, which is higher in AD compared to LBD. In conclusion, neuroinflammation may not play a prominent role in the pathophysiology of late-stage LBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuek Ling Chai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Memory, Ageing and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jasinda H Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joyce R Chong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Memory, Ageing and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Clive Ballard
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Brian K Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher P Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Memory, Ageing and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- Memory, Ageing and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
- NUS Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hani Hojjati S, Butler TA, Chiang GC, Habeck C, RoyChoudhury A, Feiz F, Shteingart J, Nayak S, Ozoria S, Fernández A, Stern Y, Luchsinger JA, Devanand DP, Razlighi QR. Distinct and joint effects of low and high levels of Aβ and tau deposition on cortical thickness. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 38:103409. [PMID: 37104927 PMCID: PMC10165160 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is defined by the presence of Amyloid-β (Aβ),tau, and neurodegeneration (ATN framework) in the human cerebral cortex. Yet, prior studies have suggested that Aβ deposition can be associated with both cortical thinning and thickening. These contradictory results are attributed to small sample sizes, the presence versus absence of tau, and limited detectability in the earliest phase of protein deposition, which may begin in young adulthood and cannot be captured in studies enrolling only older subjects. In this study, we aimed to find the distinct and joint effects of Aβ andtau on neurodegeneration during the progression from normal to abnormal stages of pathologies that remain elusive. We used18F-MK6240 and 18F-Florbetaben/18F-Florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify tau, Aβ, and cortical thickness in 590 participants ranging in age from 20 to 90. We performed multiple regression analyses to assess the distinct and joint effects of Aβ and tau on cortical thickness using 590 healthy control (HC) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) participants (141 young, 394 HC elderlies, 52 MCI). We showed thatin participants with normal levels of global Aβdeposition, Aβ uptakewassignificantly associated with increasedcortical thickness regardless of tau (e.g., left entorhinal cortex with t > 3.241, p < 0.0013). The relationship between tau deposition and neurodegeneration was more complex: in participants with abnormal levels of global tau, tau uptake was associated with cortical thinning in several regions of the brain (e.g., left entorhinal with t < -2.80, p < 0.0096 and left insula with t-value < -4.284, p < 0.0001), as reported on prior neuroimaging and neuropathological studies. Surprisingly, in participants with normal levels of global tau, tau was found to be associated with cortical thickening. Moreover, in participants with abnormal levels of global Aβandtau, theresonancebetween them, defined as their correlation throughout the cortex, wasassociated strongly with cortical thinning even when controlling for a direct linear effect. We confirm prior findings of an association between Aβ deposition and cortical thickening and suggest this may also be the case in the earliest stages of deposition in normal aging. We also illustrate that resonance between high levels of Aβ and tau uptake is strongly associated with cortical thinning, emphasizing the effects of Aβ/tau synergy inAD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hani Hojjati
- Quantitative Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Tracy A Butler
- Brain Health Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gloria C Chiang
- Brain Health Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christian Habeck
- Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Arindam RoyChoudhury
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Farnia Feiz
- Quantitative Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jacob Shteingart
- Quantitative Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Siddharth Nayak
- Quantitative Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sindy Ozoria
- Quantitative Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Quantitative Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, GH Sergievsky Center, the Taub Institute for the Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - José A Luchsinger
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Davangere P Devanand
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Qolamreza R Razlighi
- Quantitative Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Guo W, Gou X, Yu L, Zhang Q, Yang P, Pang M, Pang X, Pang C, Wei Y, Zhang X. Exploring the interaction between T-cell antigen receptor-related genes and MAPT or ACHE using integrated bioinformatics analysis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1129470. [PMID: 37056359 PMCID: PMC10086260 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1129470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that primarily occurs in elderly individuals with cognitive impairment. Although extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation and tau protein hyperphosphorylation are considered to be leading causes of AD, the molecular mechanism of AD remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to explore potential biomarkers of AD. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) datasets, GSE173955 and GSE203206, were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, and protein-protein networks were performed to identify genes that are potentially associated with AD. Analysis of the DEG based protein-protein interaction (PPI) network using Cytoscape indicated that neuroinflammation and T-cell antigen receptor (TCR)-associated genes (LCK, ZAP70, and CD44) were the top three hub genes. Next, we validated these three hub genes in the AD database and utilized two machine learning models from different AD datasets (GSE15222) to observe their general relationship with AD. Analysis using the random forest classifier indicated that accuracy (78%) observed using the top three genes as inputs differed only slightly from that (84%) observed using all genes as inputs. Furthermore, another data set, GSE97760, which was analyzed using our novel eigenvalue decomposition method, indicated that the top three hub genes may be involved in tauopathies associated with AD, rather than Aβ pathology. In addition, protein-protein docking simulation revealed that the top hub genes could form stable binding sites with acetylcholinesterase (ACHE). This suggests a potential interaction between hub genes and ACHE, which plays an essential role in the development of anti-AD drug design. Overall, the findings of this study, which systematically analyzed several AD datasets, illustrated that LCK, ZAP70, and CD44 may be used as AD biomarkers. We also established a robust prediction model for classifying patients with AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Guo
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Gou
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Yu
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Yang
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minghui Pang
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinping Pang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaoyang Pang
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chaoyang Pang
| | - Yanyun Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Vacuum Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Yanyun Wei
| | - XiaoYu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
- XiaoYu Zhang
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Launay A, Nebie O, Vijaya Shankara J, Lebouvier T, Buée L, Faivre E, Blum D. The role of adenosine A 2A receptors in Alzheimer's disease and tauopathies. Neuropharmacology 2023; 226:109379. [PMID: 36572177 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine signals through four distinct G protein-coupled receptors that are located at various synapses, cell types and brain areas. Through them, adenosine regulates neuromodulation, neuronal signaling, learning and cognition as well as the sleep-wake cycle, all strongly impacted in neurogenerative disorders, among which Alzheimer's Disease (AD). AD is a complex form of cognitive deficits characterized by two pathological hallmarks: extracellular deposits of aggregated β-amyloid peptides and intraneuronal fibrillar aggregates of hyper- and abnormally phosphorylated Tau proteins. Both lesions contribute to the early dysfunction and loss of synapses which are strongly associated to the development of cognitive decline in AD patients. The present review focuses on the pathophysiological impact of the A2ARs dysregulation observed in cognitive area from AD patients. We are reviewing not only evidence of the cellular changes in A2AR levels in pathological conditions but also describe what is currently known about their consequences in term of synaptic plasticity, neuro-glial miscommunication and memory abilities. We finally summarize the proof-of-concept studies that support A2AR as credible targets and the clinical interest to repurpose adenosine drugs for the treatment of AD and related disorders. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Purinergic Signaling: 50 years".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Launay
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France; Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France
| | - Ouada Nebie
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France; Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France
| | - Jhenkruthi Vijaya Shankara
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France; Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France
| | - Thibaud Lebouvier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France; Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France; CHU Lille, Memory Clinic, Lille, France
| | - Luc Buée
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France; Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France
| | - Emilie Faivre
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France; Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France
| | - David Blum
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France; Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hosseini-Gerami L, Ficulle E, Humphryes-Kirilov N, Airey DC, Scherschel J, Kananathan S, Eastwood BJ, Bose S, Collier DA, Laing E, Evans D, Broughton H, Bender A. Mechanism of action deconvolution of the small-molecule pathological tau aggregation inhibitor Anle138b. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:52. [PMID: 36918909 PMCID: PMC10012450 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01182-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A key histopathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the presence of neurofibrillary tangles of aggregated microtubule-associated protein tau in neurons. Anle138b is a small molecule which has previously shown efficacy in mice in reducing tau aggregates and rescuing AD disease phenotypes. METHODS In this work, we employed bioinformatics analysis-including pathway enrichment and causal reasoning-of an in vitro tauopathy model. The model consisted of cultured rat cortical neurons either unseeded or seeded with tau aggregates derived from human AD patients, both of which were treated with Anle138b to generate hypotheses for its mode of action. In parallel, we used a collection of human target prediction models to predict direct targets of Anle138b based on its chemical structure. RESULTS Combining the different approaches, we found evidence supporting the hypothesis that the action of Anle138b involves several processes which are key to AD progression, including cholesterol homeostasis and neuroinflammation. On the pathway level, we found significantly enriched pathways related to these two processes including those entitled "Superpathway of cholesterol biosynthesis" and "Granulocyte adhesion and diapedesis". With causal reasoning, we inferred differential activity of SREBF1/2 (involved in cholesterol regulation) and mediators of the inflammatory response such as NFKB1 and RELA. Notably, our findings were also observed in Anle138b-treated unseeded neurons, meaning that the inferred processes are independent of tau pathology and thus represent the direct action of the compound in the cellular system. Through structure-based ligand-target prediction, we predicted the intracellular cholesterol carrier NPC1 as well as NF-κB subunits as potential targets of Anle138b, with structurally similar compounds in the model training set known to target the same proteins. CONCLUSIONS This study has generated feasible hypotheses for the potential mechanism of action of Anle138b, which will enable the development of future molecular interventions aiming to reduce tau pathology in AD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Layla Hosseini-Gerami
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,AbsoluteAi Ltd, London, UK
| | - Elena Ficulle
- Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, UK.,Zifo RnD Solutions, London, UK
| | | | - David C Airey
- Eli Lilly and Company, Corporate Centre, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Brian J Eastwood
- Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, UK.,Eli Lilly and Company, Bracknell, UK.,Eli Lilly and Company (Retired), Bracknell, UK
| | - Suchira Bose
- Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, UK.,Eli Lilly and Company, Bracknell, UK
| | - David A Collier
- Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, UK.,Eli Lilly and Company, Bracknell, UK.,Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, IoPPN, Kings's College London and Genetic and Genomic Consulting Ltd, Farnham, UK
| | - Emma Laing
- Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, UK.,GSK, Stevenage, UK
| | - David Evans
- Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, UK.,DeepMind, London, UK
| | | | - Andreas Bender
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Schork NJ, Elman JA. Pathway-specific polygenic risk scores correlate with clinical status and Alzheimer's-related biomarkers. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2583037. [PMID: 36909609 PMCID: PMC10002839 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2583037/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: APOE is the largest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), but there is a substantial polygenic component as well. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) can summarize small effects across the genome but may obscure differential risk associated with different molecular processes and pathways. Variability at the genetic level may contribute to the extensive phenotypic heterogeneity of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we examine polygenic risk impacting specific pathways associated with AD and examined its relationship with clinical status and AD biomarkers of amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration (A/T/N). Methods: A total of 1,411 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) with genotyping data were included. Sets of variants identified from a pathway analysis of AD GWAS summary statistics were combined into clusters based on their assigned pathway. We constructed pathway-specific PRSs for each participant and tested their associations with diagnostic status (AD vs cognitively normal), abnormal levels of amyloid and ptau (positive vs negative), and hippocampal volume. The APOE region was excluded from all PRSs, and analyses controlled for APOE -ε4 carrier status. Results: Thirteen pathway clusters were identified relating to categories such as immune response, amyloid precursor processing, protein localization, lipid transport and binding, tyrosine kinase, and endocytosis. Eight pathway-specific PRSs were significantly associated with AD dementia diagnosis. Amyloid-positivity was associated with endocytosis and fibril formation, response misfolded protein, and regulation protein tyrosine PRSs. Ptau positivity and hippocampal volume were both related to protein localization and mitophagy PRS, and ptau positivity was additionally associated with an immune signaling PRS. A global AD PRS showed stronger associations with diagnosis and all biomarkers compared to pathway PRSs, suggesting a strong synergistic effect of all loci contributing to the global AD PRS. Conclusions: Pathway PRS may contribute to understanding separable disease processes, but do not appear to add significant power for predictive purposes. These findings demonstrate that, although genetic risk for AD is widely distributed, AD-phenotypes may be preferentially associated with risk in specific pathways. Defining genetic risk along multiple dimensions at the individual level may help clarify the etiological heterogeneity in AD.
Collapse
|
50
|
Pei H, He L, Shi M, Guo X, Chen W, Li J, He Z, Du R. PI3K-Akt signaling pathway based on network pharmacology for the anti-Alzheimer's disease effect of licorice stem flavonoids. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:3381-3393. [PMID: 37166431 PMCID: PMC10449277 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Active ingredients were screened by TCMSP and swissADME, meanwhile, PharmMapper combined with UniProt database was used to predict the active ingredient target information, GeneCard database was employed to obtain Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related genes, Cytoscapes 3.7.2 software was utilized to map the active ingredient-target effect. Besides, Cytoscapes 3.7.2 software Bisogenet and Cyto NCA plug-in combined with STRING platform were utilized to map the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, DAVID was employed for GO annotation, while KEGG plug-in was used for KEGG pathway enrichment. Mice were tested for inflammatory damage induced by intracerebral injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as well as learning memory and anxiety by water maze and open field tests. In addition, the expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9, together with inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β was analyzed in serum. The expression levels of proteins related to PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in the brain were detected by Western blot (WB) assay. According to the results of network pharmacology, there were 35 active ingredients of licorice stem and leaf flavonoids screened, which exerted the anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) effects via 67 targets and activated 41 signaling pathways including the PI3K-Akt pathway. Furthermore, Behavioural results revealed that Licorice stem and leaf flavonoids improved the learning and memory abilities of model mice and significantly improved the anxiety caused by inflammatory brain damage. Moreover, as suggested by HE staining and TUNEL staining of brain sections, Glycyrrhiza glabra stem and leaf flavonoids alleviated morphological lesions and cell nuclear damage in brain tissue. Results: of brain homogenate supernatant assay demonstrated that Glycyrrhiza glabra stem and leaf flavonoids had a significant effect on the levels of oxidative indicators superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malonaldehyde (MDA), acetylcholine (Ach), acetylcholinesterase (AchE), Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and serum inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Additionally, WB assay results indicated that the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway was activated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Pei
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Lei He
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Meiling Shi
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Xiangjuan Guo
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Weijia Chen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Jianming Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Zhongmei He
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Rui Du
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|