1
|
Tang C, Hu X, Tang J, Wang L, Liu X, Peng Y, Xia Y, Xie J. The symbiont Acinetobacter baumannii enhances the insect host resistance to entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1184. [PMID: 39300313 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06779-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Major symbiotic organisms have evolved to establish beneficial relationships with hosts. However, understanding the interactions between symbionts and insect hosts, particularly for their roles in defense against pathogens, is still limited. In a previous study, we proposed that the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae can infect the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens, a harmful pest for rice crops. To expand on this, we investigated changes in N. lugens' intestinal commensal community after M. anisopliae infection and identified key gut microbiotas involved. Our results showed significant alterations in gut microbiota abundance and composition at different time points following infection with M. anisopliae. Notably, certain symbionts, like Acinetobacter baumannii, exhibited significant variations in response to the fungal infection. The decrease in these symbionts had a considerable impact on the insect host's survival. Interestingly, reintroducing A. baumannii enhanced the host's resistance to M. anisopliae, emphasizing its role in pathogen defense. Additionally, A. baumannii stimulated host immune responses, as evidenced by increased expression of immune genes after reintroduction. Overall, our findings highlight the significance of preserving a stable gut microbial community for the survival of insects. In specific conditions, the symbiotic microorganism A. baumannii can enhance the host's ability to resist entomopathogenic pathogens through immune regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Genetic Engineering Research Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 405200, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Wuhan Kernel Bio-tech Co. Ltd, Guannanyuan Road No.17, Guannan Industrial Park, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jifeng Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Genetic Engineering Research Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 405200, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Genetic Engineering Research Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 405200, China
| | - Xuewei Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Genetic Engineering Research Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 405200, China
| | - Yifan Peng
- Wuhan Kernel Bio-tech Co. Ltd, Guannanyuan Road No.17, Guannan Industrial Park, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yuxian Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Genetic Engineering Research Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 405200, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides (Joint institute-Chongqing University), Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticides, Chongqing, 405200, China.
- Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technology under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, 405200, China.
| | - Jiaqin Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Genetic Engineering Research Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 405200, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides (Joint institute-Chongqing University), Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticides, Chongqing, 405200, China.
- Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technology under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, 405200, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen Y, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Sun Z, Li Y, Ding J, Zhang G, Du E, Zi X, Tian C, Zhao W, Gui F. Role of Enterococcus mundtii in gut of the tomato leaf miner (Tuta absoluta) to detoxification of Chlorantraniliprole. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 204:106060. [PMID: 39277378 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Chlorantraniliprole (CAP) is applied worldwide for the control of caterpillars (Lepidoptera). However, with the overuse of CAP, the resistance problem in pest control is becoming increasingly serious. Recent studies have indicated a central role of the gut symbiont in insect pest resistance to pesticides and these may apply to the tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta, is one of the most destructive insects worldwide. Here, we successfully isolated seven strains of tolerant CAP bacterium from the CAP-resistant T. absoluta gut, of which Enterococcus mundtii E14 showed the highest CAP tolerance, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.6 g/L and CAP degradation rate of 42.4%. Through transcriptomics and metabolism analysis, we studied the detoxification process of CAP by the E. mundtii E14, and found that CAP can be degraded by E. mundtii E14 into non-toxic compounds, such as 3,4-dihydroxy-2-(5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl) benzoic acid and 2-pyridylacetic acid. Additionally, 2-pyridylacetic acid was detected both intracellular and extracellular in E. mundtii E14 treated with CAP. Meanwhile, we identified 52 up-regulated genes, including those associated with CAP degradation, such as RS11670 and RS19130. Transcriptome results annotated using KEGG indicated significant enrichment in up-regulated genes related to the glyoxylate cycle, nitrogen metabolism, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Additionally, we observed that reinfection with E. mundtii E14 may effectively enhance resistance of T. absoluta to CAP. The LC50 values of the antibiotic treatment population of T. absoluta reinfection with E. mundtii E14 is 0.6122 mg/L, which was 18.27 folds higher than before reinfection. These findings offer new insights into T. absoluta resistance to CAP and contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between insecticide resistance and gut symbionts of T. absoluta, which may play a pivotal role in pest management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yaping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Yibo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Invasive Alien Species Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhongxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Yahong Li
- Yunnan Plant Protection and Quarantine Station, Kunming 650034, China
| | - Jiasheng Ding
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station, Dehong Prefecture, Mangshi 678400, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Guifen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Invasive Alien Species Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ewei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zi
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Chaoxin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Furong Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun Y, Li T, Zhou G, Zhou Y, Wu Y, Xu J, Chen J, Zhong S, Zhong D, Liu R, Lu G, Li Y. Relationship between deltamethrin resistance and gut symbiotic bacteria of Aedes albopictus by 16S rDNA sequencing. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:330. [PMID: 39103931 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06421-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes albopictus is an important vector for pathogens such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses. While insecticides is the mainstay for mosquito control, their widespread and excessive use has led to the increased resistance in Ae. albopictus globally. Gut symbiotic bacteria are believed to play a potential role in insect physiology, potentially linking to mosquitoes' metabolic resistance against insecticides. METHODS We investigated the role of symbiotic bacteria in the development of resistance in Ae. albopictus by comparing gut symbiotic bacteria between deltamethrin-sensitive and deltamethrin-resistant populations. Adults were reared from field-collected larvae. Sensitive and resistant mosquitoes were screened using 0.03% and 0.09% deltamethrin, respectively, on the basis of the World Health Organization (WHO) tube bioassay. Sensitive and resistant field-collected larvae were screened using 5 × LC50 (lethal concentration at 50% mortality) and 20 × LC50 concentration of deltamethrin, respectively. Laboratory strain deltamethrin-sensitive adults and larvae were used as controls. The DNA of gut samples from these mosquitoes were extracted using the magnetic bead method. Bacterial 16S rDNA was sequenced using BGISEQ method. We isolated and cultured gut microorganisms from adult and larvae mosquitoes using four different media: Luria Bertani (LB), brain heart infusion (BHI), nutrient agar (NA), and salmonella shigella (SS). RESULTS Sequencing revealed significantly higher gut microbial diversity in field-resistant larvae compared with field-sensitive and laboratory-sensitive larvae (P < 0.01). Conversely, gut microorganism diversity in field-resistant and field-sensitive adults was significantly lower compared with laboratory-sensitive adults (P < 0.01). At the species level, 25 and 12 bacterial species were isolated from the gut of field resistant larvae and adults, respectively. The abundance of Flavobacterium spp., Gemmobacter spp., and Dysgonomonas spp. was significantly higher in the gut of field-resistant larvae compared with sensitive larvae (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, the abundance of Flavobacterium spp., Pantoea spp., and Aeromonas spp. was significantly higher in the gut of field-resistant adults compared with sensitive adults (all P < 0.05). The dominant and differentially occurring microorganisms were also different between resistant larval and adult mosquitoes. These findings suggest that the gut commensal bacteria of Ae. albopictus adults and larvae may play distinct roles in their deltamethrin resistance. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an empirical basis for further exploration of the mechanisms underlying the role of gut microbial in insecticide resistance, potentially opening a new prospect for mosquito control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingbo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
- Tropical Diseases Research Center, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
- Tropical Diseases Research Center, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Guofa Zhou
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Yunfei Zhou
- Tropical Diseases Research Center, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Yuhong Wu
- Tropical Diseases Research Center, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Jiabao Xu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiarong Chen
- Tropical Diseases Research Center, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Saifeng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
- Tropical Diseases Research Center, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Daibin Zhong
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
- Tropical Diseases Research Center, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiji Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
- Tropical Diseases Research Center, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang M, Geng L, Zhou J, Gu Z, Xue B, Shu C, Zhang J. Gut Microbiota Mediate Plutella xylostella Susceptibility to Bt Cry1Ac Protoxin and Exopolysaccharides. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8483. [PMID: 39126052 PMCID: PMC11313015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are carbohydrate polymers that are synthesized and secreted into the extracellular during the growth of microorganisms. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a type of entomopathogenic bacterium, that produces various insecticidal proteins and EPSs. In our previous study, the EPSs produced by Bt strains were first found to enhance the toxicity of insecticidal crystal proteins against Plutella xylostella. However, the response of the intestinal bacterial communities of P. xylostella under the action of EPSs is still unelucidated. In this study, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used to characterize the intestinal bacterial communities in P. xylostella treated with EPSs alone, Cry1Ac protoxin alone, and both the Cry1Ac protoxin and EPSs. Compared with the control group, alpha diversity indices, the Chao1 and ACE indices were significantly altered after treatment with EPSs alone, and no significant difference was observed between the groups treated with Cry1Ac protoxin alone and Cry1Ac protoxin + EPSs. However, compared with the gut bacterial community feeding on Cry1Ac protoxin alone, the relative abundance of 31 genera was significantly changed in the group treated with Cry1Ac protoxin and EPSs. The intestinal bacteria, through the oral of Cry1Ac protoxin and EPSs, significantly enhanced the toxicity of the Cry1Ac protoxin towards the axenic P. xylostella. In addition, the relative abundance of the 16S rRNA gene in the chloroplasts of Brassica campestris decreased after adding EPSs. Taken together, these results show the vital contribution of the gut microbiota to the Bt strain-killing activity, providing new insights into the mechanism of the synergistic insecticidal activity of Bt proteins and EPSs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; (M.W.)
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (L.G.)
| | - Lili Geng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (L.G.)
| | - Jinxi Zhou
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; (M.W.)
| | - Ziqiong Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (L.G.)
| | - Bai Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (L.G.)
| | - Changlong Shu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (L.G.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; (M.W.)
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (L.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
He J, Liu X, Zhang J, Wang R, Cao X, Liu G. Gut microbiome-derived hydrolases-an underrated target of natural product metabolism. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1392249. [PMID: 38915922 PMCID: PMC11194327 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1392249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in studying gut microbiome-derived hydrolases in relation to oral drug metabolism, particularly focusing on natural product drugs. Despite the significance of natural product drugs in the field of oral medications, there is a lack of research on the regulatory interplay between gut microbiome-derived hydrolases and these drugs. This review delves into the interaction between intestinal microbiome-derived hydrolases and natural product drugs metabolism from three key perspectives. Firstly, it examines the impact of glycoside hydrolases, amide hydrolases, carboxylesterase, bile salt hydrolases, and epoxide hydrolase on the structure of natural products. Secondly, it explores how natural product drugs influence microbiome-derived hydrolases. Lastly, it analyzes the impact of interactions between hydrolases and natural products on disease development and the challenges in developing microbial-derived enzymes. The overarching goal of this review is to lay a solid theoretical foundation for the advancement of research and development in new natural product drugs and personalized treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin He
- People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Pharmacy Department, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Pharmacy Department, Yinchuan, China
| | - Junming Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinyuan Cao
- People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Pharmacy Department, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Medical University, School of Basic Medicine, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ge Liu
- Ningxia Medical University, School of Basic Medicine, Yinchuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gwenzi W, Gufe C, Alufasi R, Makuvara Z, Marumure J, Shanmugam SR, Selvasembian R, Halabowski D. Insects to the rescue? Insights into applications, mechanisms, and prospects of insect-driven remediation of organic contaminants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171116. [PMID: 38382596 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Traditional and emerging contaminants pose significant human and environmental health risks. Conventional physical, chemical, and bioremediation techniques have been extensively studied for contaminant remediation. However, entomo- or insect-driven remediation has received limited research and public attention. Entomo-remediation refers to the use of insects, their associated gut microbiota, and enzymes to remove or mitigate organic contaminants. This novel approach shows potential as an eco-friendly method for mitigating contaminated media. However, a comprehensive review of the status, applications, and challenges of entomo-remediation is lacking. This paper addresses this research gap by examining and discussing the evidence on entomo-remediation of various legacy and emerging organic contaminants. The results demonstrate the successful application of entomo-remediation to remove legacy organic contaminants such as persistent organic pollutants. Moreover, entomo-remediation shows promise in removing various groups of emerging contaminants, including microplastics, persistent and emerging organic micropollutants (e.g., antibiotics, pesticides), and nanomaterials. Entomo-remediation involves several insect-mediated processes, including bio-uptake, biotransfer, bioaccumulation, and biotransformation of contaminants. The mechanisms underlying the biotransformation of contaminants are complex and rely on the insect gut microbiota and associated enzymes. Notably, while insects facilitate the remediation of contaminants, they may also be exposed to the ecotoxicological effects of these substances, which is often overlooked in research. As an emerging field of research, entomo-remediation has several knowledge gaps. Therefore, this review proposes ten key research questions to guide future perspectives and advance the field. These questions address areas such as process optimization, assessment of ecotoxicological effects on insects, and evaluation of potential human exposure and health risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willis Gwenzi
- Biosystems and Environmental Engineering Research Group, 380 New Adylin, Marlborough, Harare, Zimbabwe; Alexander von Humboldt Fellow and Guest Professor, Grassland Science and Renewable Plant Resources, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, Universität Kassel, Steinstraße 19, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany; Alexander von Humboldt Fellow and Guest Professor, Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik und Bioökonomie e.V. (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Claudious Gufe
- Department of Veterinary Technical Services, Central Veterinary Laboratories, 18A Bevan Building, Borrowdale Road, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Richwell Alufasi
- Biological Sciences Department, Bindura University of Science Education, 741 Chimurenga Road, Off Trojan Road, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe
| | - Zakio Makuvara
- Department of Physics, Geography and Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe; Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa
| | - Jerikias Marumure
- Department of Physics, Geography and Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe; Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa
| | | | - Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh 522240, India
| | - Dariusz Halabowski
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao L, Zhang S, Xiao R, Zhang C, Lyu Z, Zhang F. Diversity and Functionality of Bacteria Associated with Different Tissues of Spider Heteropoda venatoria Revealed through Integration of High-Throughput Sequencing and Culturomics Approaches. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2024; 87:67. [PMID: 38703220 PMCID: PMC11069485 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-024-02383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Spiders host a diverse range of bacteria in their guts and other tissues, which have been found to play a significant role in their fitness. This study aimed to investigate the community diversity and functional characteristics of spider-associated bacteria in four tissues of Heteropoda venatoria using HTS of the 16S rRNA gene and culturomics technologies, as well as the functional verification of the isolated strains. The results of HTS showed that the spider-associated bacteria in different tissues belonged to 34 phyla, 72 classes, 170 orders, 277 families, and 458 genera. Bacillus was found to be the most abundant bacteria in the venom gland, silk gland, and ovary, while Stenotrophomonas, Acinetobacter, and Sphingomonas were dominant in the gut microbiota. Based on the amplicon sequencing results, 21 distinct cultivation conditions were developed using culturomics to isolate bacteria from the ovary, gut, venom gland, and silk gland. A total of 119 bacterial strains, representing 4 phyla and 25 genera, with Bacillus and Serratia as the dominant genera, were isolated. Five strains exhibited high efficiency in degrading pesticides in the in vitro experiments. Out of the 119 isolates, 28 exhibited antibacterial activity against at least one of the tested bacterial strains, including the pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumanii, and Enterococcus faecalis. The study also identified three strains, GL312, PL211, and PL316, which exhibited significant cytotoxicity against MGC-803. The crude extract from the fermentation broth of strain PL316 was found to effectively induce apoptosis in MGC-803 cells. Overall, this study offers a comprehensive understanding of the bacterial community structure associated with H. venatoria. It also provides valuable insights into discovering novel antitumor natural products for gastric cancer and xenobiotic-degrading bacteria of spiders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Likun Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanfeng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoyi Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhitang Lyu
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China.
- The Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China.
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu J, Liao C, Li Z, Shi X, Wu X. Synergistic resistance of honeybee (Apis mellifera) and their gut microorganisms to fluvalinate stress. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 201:105865. [PMID: 38685241 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Fluvalinate is widely used in the control of Varroa destructor, but its residues in colonies threaten honeybees. The effect of fluvalinate-induced dysbiosis on honeybee-related gene expression and the gut microenvironment of honeybees has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, two-day-old larvae to seven-day-old adult worker bees were continuously fed different amounts of fluvalinate-sucrose solutions (0, 0.5, 5, and 50 mg/kg), after which the expression levels of two immune-related genes (Hymenoptaecin and Defensin1) and three detoxication-related genes (GSTS3, CAT, and CYP450) in worker bees (1, 7, and 20 days old) were measured. The effect of fluvalinate on the gut microbes of worker bees at seven days old also was explored using 16S rRNA Illumina deep sequencing. The results showed that exposure of honeybees to the insecticide fluvalinate affected their gene expression and gut microbial composition. As the age of honeybees increased, the effect of fluvalinate on the expression of Hymenoptaecin, CYP450, and CAT decreased, and the abundance of honeybee gut bacteria was affected by increasing the fluvalinate concentration. These findings provide insights into the synergistic defense of honeybee hosts against exogenous stresses in conjunction with honeybee gut microbes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Liu
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Chunhua Liao
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Zhen Li
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Xinxin Shi
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shamjana U, Vasu DA, Hembrom PS, Nayak K, Grace T. The role of insect gut microbiota in host fitness, detoxification and nutrient supplementation. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2024; 117:71. [PMID: 38668783 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-024-01970-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Insects are incredibly diverse, ubiquitous and have successfully flourished out of the dynamic and often unpredictable nature of evolutionary processes. The resident microbiome has accompanied the physical and biological adaptations that enable their continued survival and proliferation in a wide array of environments. The host insect and microbiome's bidirectional relationship exhibits their capability to influence each other's physiology, behavior and characteristics. Insects are reported to rely directly on the microbial community to break down complex food, adapt to nutrient-deficit environments, protect themselves from natural adversaries and control the expression of social behavior. High-throughput metagenomic approaches have enhanced the potential for determining the abundance, composition, diversity and functional activities of microbial fauna associated with insect hosts, enabling in-depth investigation into insect-microbe interactions. We undertook a review of some of the major advances in the field of metagenomics, focusing on insect-microbe interaction, diversity and composition of resident microbiota, the functional capability of endosymbionts and discussions on different symbiotic relationships. The review aims to be a valuable resource on insect gut symbiotic microbiota by providing a comprehensive understanding of how insect gut symbionts systematically perform a range of functions, viz., insecticide degradation, nutritional support and immune fitness. A thorough understanding of manipulating specific gut symbionts may aid in developing advanced insect-associated research to attain health and design strategies for pest management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Shamjana
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Deepa Azhchath Vasu
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Preety Sweta Hembrom
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Karunakar Nayak
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Tony Grace
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lateef AA, Azeez AA, Ren W, Hamisu HS, Oke OA, Asiegbu FO. Bacterial biota associated with the invasive insect pest Tuta absoluta (Meyrick). Sci Rep 2024; 14:8268. [PMID: 38594362 PMCID: PMC11003966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58753-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuta absoluta (the tomato pinworm) is an invasive insect pest with a highly damaging effect on tomatoes causing between 80 and 100% yield losses if left uncontrolled. Resistance to chemical pesticides have been reported in some T. absoluta populations. Insect microbiome plays an important role in the behavior, physiology, and survivability of their host. In a bid to explore and develop an alternative control method, the associated microbiome of this insect was studied. In this study, we unraveled the bacterial biota of T. absoluta larvae and adults by sequencing and analyzing the 16S rRNA V3-V4 gene regions using Illumina NovaSeq PE250. Out of 2,092,015 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) recovered from 30 samples (15 larvae and 15 adults), 1,268,810 and 823,205 ASVs were obtained from the larvae and adults, respectively. A total of 433 bacterial genera were shared between the adults and larval samples while 264 and 139 genera were unique to the larvae and adults, respectively. Amplicon metagenomic analyses of the sequences showed the dominance of the phylum Proteobacteria in the adult samples while Firmicutes and Proteobacteria dominated in the larval samples. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) comparison revealed the genera Pseudomonas, Delftia and Ralstonia to be differentially enriched in the adult samples while Enterococcus, Enterobacter, Lactococcus, Klebsiella and Wiessella were differentially abundant in the larvae. The diversity indices showed that the bacterial communities were not different between the insect samples collected from different geographical regions. However, the bacterial communities significantly differed based on the sample type between larvae and adults. A co-occurrence network of significantly correlated taxa revealed a strong interaction between the microbial communities. The functional analysis of the microbiome using FAPROTAX showed that denitrification, arsenite oxidation, methylotrophy and methanotrophy as the active functional groups of the adult and larvae microbiomes. Our results have revealed the core taxonomic, functional, and interacting microbiota of T. absoluta and these indicate that the larvae and adults harbor a similar but transitory set of bacteria. The results provide a novel insight and a basis for exploring microbiome-based biocontrol strategy for this invasive insect pest as well as the ecological significance of some of the identified microbiota is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Lateef
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - A A Azeez
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Rainforest Research Station, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Jericho Hill, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - W Ren
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H S Hamisu
- National Horticultural Research Institute, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - O A Oke
- National Horticultural Research Institute, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - F O Asiegbu
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Malunavicius V, Vaskevicius L, Gusaite A, Gudiukaite R. Rational and random mutagenesis of GDEst-95 carboxylesterase: New functionality insights. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128331. [PMID: 38013084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Lipolytic enzymes are important contributors in industrial processes from lipid hydrolysis to biofuel production or even polyester biodegradation. While these enzymes can be used in numerous applications, the genotype-phenotype space of certain promising enzymes is still poorly explored. This limits the effective application of such biocatalysts. In this work the genotype space of a 55 kDa carboxylesterase GDEst-95 from Geobacillus sp. 95 was explored using site-directed mutagenesis and directed evolution methods. In this study four site-directed mutants (Gly108Arg, Ala410Arg, Leu226Arg, Leu411Ala) were created based on previous analysis of GDEst-95 carboxylesterase. Error-prone PCR resulted three mutants: two of them with distal mutations: GDEst-RM1 (Arg75Gln), GDEst-RM2 (Gly20Ser Arg75Gln) and the third, GDEst-RM3, with a distal (Ser210Gly) and Tyr317Ala (amino acid position near to the active site) mutation. Mutants with Ala substitution displayed approximately twofold higher specific activity. Arg mutations lead a reduced specific activity, retaining 2.86 % (Gly108Arg), 10.95 % (Ala410Arg), and 44.23 % (Leu226Arg) of lipolytic activity. All three random mutants displayed increased specific activity as well as improved catalytic properties. This research provides the first deeper insights into the functionality of understudied Geobacillus spp. carboxylesterases with 55 kDa in size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vilius Malunavicius
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis avenue 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Laurynas Vaskevicius
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis avenue 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ausrine Gusaite
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis avenue 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Renata Gudiukaite
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis avenue 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Stara J, Hubert J. Does Leptinotarsa decemlineata larval survival after pesticide treatment depend on microbiome composition? PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:4921-4930. [PMID: 37532920 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbiomes of some arthropods are believed to eliminate pesticides by chemical degradation or stimulation of the host immune system. The Colorado potato beetle (CPB; Leptinotarsa decemlineata) is an important agricultural pest with known resistance to used pesticides. We sought to analyze microbiome composition in CPB larvae from different sites and to identify the effect of pesticides on the microbiome of surviving and dead larvae after chlorpyrifos treatment in laboratory. Changes in the Lactococcus lactis community in larvae treated with chlorpyrifos and fed by potato leaves with L. lactis cover were studied by manipulative experiment. The microbiome was characterized by sequencing the 16S RNA gene. RESULTS The microbiome of L. decemlineata larvae is composed of a few operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudocitrobacter, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, L. lactis, Enterococcus, Burkholderia and Spiroplasma leptinotarsae). The microbiome varied among the samples from eight sites and showed differences in profiles between surviving and dead larvae. The survival of larvae after chlorpyrifos treatment was correlated with a higher proportion of L. lactis sequences in the microbiome. The S. leptinotarsa profile also increased in the surviving larvae, but this OTU was not present in all sampling sites. In manipulative experiments, larvae treated with L. lactis had five-fold lower mortality rates than untreated larvae. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the microbiome of larvae is formed from a few bacterial taxa depending on the sampling site. A member of the gut microbiome, L. lactis, is believed to help overcome the toxic effects of chlorpyrifos in the larval gut. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Hubert
- Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mondal S, Somani J, Roy S, Babu A, Pandey AK. Insect Microbial Symbionts: Ecology, Interactions, and Biological Significance. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2665. [PMID: 38004678 PMCID: PMC10672782 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The guts of insect pests are typical habitats for microbial colonization and the presence of bacterial species inside the gut confers several potential advantages to the insects. These gut bacteria are located symbiotically inside the digestive tracts of insects and help in food digestion, phytotoxin breakdown, and pesticide detoxification. Different shapes and chemical assets of insect gastrointestinal tracts have a significant impact on the structure and makeup of the microbial population. The number of microbial communities inside the gastrointestinal system differs owing to the varying shape and chemical composition of digestive tracts. Due to their short generation times and rapid evolutionary rates, insect gut bacteria can develop numerous metabolic pathways and can adapt to diverse ecological niches. In addition, despite hindering insecticide management programs, they still have several biotechnological uses, including industrial, clinical, and environmental uses. This review discusses the prevalent bacterial species associated with insect guts, their mode of symbiotic interaction, their role in insecticide resistance, and various other biological significance, along with knowledge gaps and future perspectives. The practical consequences of the gut microbiome and its interaction with the insect host may lead to encountering the mechanisms behind the evolution of pesticide resistance in insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sankhadeep Mondal
- Deparment of Entomology, Tea Research Association, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Jorhat 785008, Assam, India; (S.M.)
| | - Jigyasa Somani
- Deparment of Entomology, Tea Research Association, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Jorhat 785008, Assam, India; (S.M.)
| | - Somnath Roy
- Deparment of Entomology, Tea Research Association, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Jorhat 785008, Assam, India; (S.M.)
| | - Azariah Babu
- Deparment of Entomology, Tea Research Association, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Jorhat 785008, Assam, India; (S.M.)
| | - Abhay K. Pandey
- Deparment of Mycology & Microbiology, Tea Research Association, North Bengal Regional R & D Centre, Nagrakata, Jalpaiguri 735225, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cao SK, Du XX, Chen G, Zeng AP, Yu H. Relative activity of 15 bacterial strains against the larvae of Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera exigua, and Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:1505-1517. [PMID: 37499044 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Crystal toxins produced by different strains of entomopathogenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been characterized and widely applied as commercial biological pesticides owing to their excellent insecticidal properties. This study aimed to identify novel bacterial strains effective in controlling Spodoptera exigua Hübner, Helicoverpa armigera Hübner, and Spodoptera litura Fabricius. Fifteen culturable bacterial strains were isolated from 60 dead larvae (H. armigera and S. exigua) collected in the field. The biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA sequences of these strains indicated that one strain (B7) was Lysinibacillus sp., 12 strains (B1, B3, B4, B5, B6, B8, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, and DW) were Bt kurstaki, and P2-2 and B2 were Bacillus velezensis subsp. Laboratory bioassays indicated that strains B3, P6, B6, and P4 showed high toxicity to second-instar larvae of S. exigua, with LC50 values of 5.11, 6.74, 205.82, and 595.93 µg/ml, respectively; while the strains P5, B5, B6, and P6, were the most efficient against second-instar larvae of H. armigera with LC50 values of 725.82, 11,022.72, 1,282.90, 2,005.28, respectively, and strains DW, P3, P2, and B4 had high insecticidal activity against second-instar larvae of S. litura with LC50 values of 576.69, 1,660.96, 6,309.42, and 5,486.10 µg/ml, respectively. In conclusion, several Bt kurstaki strains with good toxicity potential were isolated and identified in this study. These strains are expected to be useful for biointensive integrated pest management programs to reduce the use of synthetic insecticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Kai Cao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Xing-Xing Du
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Gong Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Ai-Ping Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
ElKraly OA, Awad M, El-Saadany HM, Hassanein SE, Elrahman TA, Elnagdy SM. Impact of gut microbiota composition on black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (hufnagel) metabolic indices and pesticide degradation. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:44. [PMID: 37715236 PMCID: PMC10504801 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Endosymbionts are known to have significant effects on their insect hosts, including nutrition, reproduction, and immunity. Insects gut microbiota is a critical component that affects their physiological and behavioral characteristics. The black cutworm (BCW), Agrotis ipsilon, is an economically important lepidopteran pest that has a diverse gut microbiome composed of nine species belonging to three phyla: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. This study was conducted to investigate the diversity of gut bacteria isolated from BCW larvae and moths and their effects on metabolism and pesticide degradation. The bacterial isolates were identified using the 16 S rRNA gene. The study showed that the gut microbiome composition significantly affected the metabolism of BCW larvae. Based on the screening results of synthesis of digestive enzymes and pesticide degradation, Brachybacterium conglomeratum and Glutamicibacter sp were selected to perform the remaining experiments as single isolates and consortium. The consortium-fed larvae showed high metabolic indices compared to antibiotic-fed larvae and the control. The gut bacteria were also shown to degrade three pesticide groups. Concerns regarding the health risk of chlorpyrifos have been raised due to its extensive use in agriculture. The isolated B. conglomeratum was more effective in chlorpyrifos degradation than the consortium. Furthermore, the study also examined the presence of sex related endosymbionts (Wolbachia, Spiroplasma, and Rickettsia) in the reproductive tissues of adults. The outcomes demonstrated that none of the examined endosymbionts existed. In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of the gut microbiome in insect physiology and behavior and its potential applications in biotechnology. It provides insights into developing eco-friendly pest control and bioremediation strategies using gut bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omnia Abdullah ElKraly
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Gamma St, Giza, 12613, Giza, Egypt
- Bio-insecticides Production Unit, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona Awad
- Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hassan Mohamed El-Saadany
- Bio-insecticides Production Unit, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sameh E Hassanein
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), Giza, Egypt
| | - Tahany Abd Elrahman
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Gamma St, Giza, 12613, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherif M Elnagdy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Gamma St, Giza, 12613, Giza, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Castañeda-Molina Y, Marulanda-Moreno SM, Saldamando-Benjumea C, Junca H, Moreno-Herrera CX, Cadavid-Restrepo G. Microbiome analysis of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) larvae exposed to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) endotoxins. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15916. [PMID: 37719127 PMCID: PMC10503500 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spodoptera frugiperda (or fall armyworm, FAW) is a polyphagous pest native to Western Hemisphere and recently discovered in the Eastern Hemisphere. In Colombia, S. frugiperda is recognized as a pest of economic importance in corn. The species has genetically differentiated into two host populations named "corn" and "rice" strains. In 2012, a study made in central Colombia demonstrated that the corn strain is less susceptible to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) endotoxins (Cry1Ac and Cry 1Ab) than the rice strain. In this country, Bt transgenic corn has been extensively produced over the last 15 years. Since gut microbiota plays a role in the physiology and immunity of insects, and has been implicated in promoting the insecticidal activity of Bt, in this study an analysis of the interaction between Bt endotoxins and FAW gut microbiota was made. Also, the detection of endosymbionts was performed here, as they might have important implications in the biological control of a pest. Methods The composition and diversity of microbiomes associated with larval specimens of S. frugiperda(corn strain) was investigated in a bioassay based on six treatments in the presence/absence of Bt toxins and antibiotics (Ab) through bacterial isolate analyses and by high throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Additionally, species specific primers were used, to detect endosymbionts from gonads in S. frugiperda corn strain. Results Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota were the most dominant bacterial phyla found in S. frugiperda corn strain. No significant differences in bacteria species diversity and richness among the six treatments were found. Two species of Enterococcus spp., E. mundtii and E. casseliflavus were detected in treatments with Bt and antibiotics, suggesting that they are less susceptible to both of them. Additionally, the endosymbiont Arsenophonus was also identified on treatments in presence of Bt and antibiotics. The results obtained here are important since little knowledge exists about the gut microbiota on this pest and its interaction with Bt endotoxins. Previous studies made in Lepidoptera suggest that alteration of gut microbiota can be used to improve the management of pest populations, demonstrating the relevance of the results obtained in this work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliana Castañeda-Molina
- Departamento de Biociencias/Grupo de investigación Microbiodiversidad y Bioprospección/Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Sandra María Marulanda-Moreno
- Departamento de Biociencias/Grupo de investigación Microbiodiversidad y Bioprospección/Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Clara Saldamando-Benjumea
- Departamento de Biociencias/Grupo de Biotecnologia Vegetal UNALMED-CIB/Laboratorio de Ecología y Evolución de Insectos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Howard Junca
- RG Microbial Ecology: Metabolism, Genomics & Evolution, Div. Ecogenomics & Holobionts, Microbiomas Foundation, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Claudia Ximena Moreno-Herrera
- Departamento de Biociencias/Grupo de investigación Microbiodiversidad y Bioprospección/Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Gloria Cadavid-Restrepo
- Departamento de Biociencias/Grupo de investigación Microbiodiversidad y Bioprospección/Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhao P, Rensing C, Wang D. Symbiotic Bacteria Modulate Lymantria dispar Immunity by Altering Community Proportions after Infection with LdMNPV. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9694. [PMID: 37298643 PMCID: PMC10254028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The symbiotic bacteria-insect interaction is considered to be associated with immunity and drug resistance. However, the wide variety of insect species and habitats is thought to have a significant impact on the symbiotic community, leading to disparate results. Here, we demonstrated that symbiotic bacteria regulated the immune response by changing the proportion of the Gram-positive and the Gram-negative bacterial community in Lymantria dispar (L. dispar) after infection with its viral pathogen, L. dispar Nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV). After oral infection, the immune deficiency pathway was activated immediately, and the expression of Relish was up-regulated to promote the secretion of antimicrobial peptides. Meanwhile, the abundance of the Gram-negative bacterial community increased at the same time. Moreover, the Toll pathway was not regulated in the same way as the Imd pathway was after infection. However, the change in the Toll pathway's expression remained positively correlated to the abundance of Gram-positive bacteria. This finding implied that the ratio of Gram-negative to Gram-positive bacteria in the LdMNPV infected larvae had an effect on the immune response. Our findings revealed that the immune regulation of L. dispar was regulated by the relative abundance of its symbiotic bacteria at different infection times with LdMNPV, which provides a new way to understand symbiotic bacteria-insect interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peixu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
| | - Christopher Rensing
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Dun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wei Y, Su Y, Han X, Guo W, Zhu Y, Yao Y. Evaluation of Transgenerational Effects of Sublethal Imidacloprid and Diversity of Symbiotic Bacteria on Acyrthosiphon gossypii. INSECTS 2023; 14:insects14050427. [PMID: 37233055 DOI: 10.3390/insects14050427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic bacteria and hormesis in aphids are the driving forces for pesticide resistance. However, the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the effects of imidacloprid on the population growth parameters and symbiotic bacterial communities of three successive generations of Acyrthosiphon gossypii were investigated. The bioassay results showed that imidacloprid had high toxicity to A. gossypii with an LC50 of 1.46 mg·L-1. The fecundity and longevity of the G0 generation of A. gossypii decreased when exposed to the LC15 of imidacloprid. The net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (λ), and total reproductive rate (GRR) of G1 and G2 offspring were significantly increased, but those of the control and G3 offspring were not. In addition, sequencing data showed that the symbiotic bacteria of A. gossypii mainly belonged to Proteobacteria, with a relative abundance of 98.68%. The dominant genera of the symbiotic bacterial community were Buchnera and Arsenophonus. After treatment with the LC15 of imidacloprid, the diversity and species number of bacterial communities of A. gossypii decreased for G1-G3 and the abundance of Candidatus-Hamiltonella decreased, but Buchnera increased. These results provide insight into the resistance mechanism of insecticides and the stress adaptation between symbiotic bacteria and aphids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yindi Wei
- College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Aral 843300, China
| | - Yue Su
- College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Aral 843300, China
| | - Xu Han
- College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Aral 843300, China
| | - Weifeng Guo
- College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Aral 843300, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Aral 843300, China
| | - Yongsheng Yao
- College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Aral 843300, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lv N, Li R, Cheng S, Zhang L, Liang P, Gao X. The gut symbiont Sphingomonas mediates imidacloprid resistance in the important agricultural insect pest Aphis gossypii Glover. BMC Biol 2023; 21:86. [PMID: 37069589 PMCID: PMC10111731 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonicotinoid insecticides are applied worldwide for the control of agricultural insect pests. The evolution of neonicotinoid resistance has led to the failure of pest control in the field. The enhanced detoxifying enzyme activity and target mutations play important roles in the resistance of insects to neonicotinoid resistance. Emerging evidence indicates a central role of the gut symbiont in insect pest resistance to pesticides. Existing reports suggest that symbiotic microorganisms could mediate pesticide resistance by degrading pesticides in insect pests. RESULTS The 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that the richness and diversity of the gut community between the imidacloprid-resistant (IMI-R) and imidacloprid-susceptible (IMI-S) strains of the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii showed no significant difference, while the abundance of the gut symbiont Sphingomonas was significantly higher in the IMI-R strain. Antibiotic treatment deprived Sphingomonas of the gut, followed by an increase in susceptibility to imidacloprid in the IMI-R strain. The susceptibility of the IMI-S strain to imidacloprid was significantly decreased as expected after supplementation with Sphingomonas. In addition, the imidacloprid susceptibility in nine field populations, which were all infected with Sphingomonas, increased to different degrees after treatment with antibiotics. Then, we demonstrated that Sphingomonas isolated from the gut of the IMI-R strain could subsist only with imidacloprid as a carbon source. The metabolic efficiency of imidacloprid by Sphingomonas reached 56% by HPLC detection. This further proved that Sphingomonas could mediate A. gossypii resistance to imidacloprid by hydroxylation and nitroreduction. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the gut symbiont Sphingomonas, with detoxification properties, could offer an opportunity for insect pests to metabolize imidacloprid. These findings enriched our knowledge of mechanisms of insecticide resistance and provided new symbiont-based strategies for control of insecticide-resistant insect pests with high Sphingomonas abundance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Lv
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ren Li
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shenhang Cheng
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Pei Liang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cheng T, Veselská T, Křížková B, Švec K, Havlíček V, Stadler M, Kolařík M. Insight into the genomes of dominant yeast symbionts of European spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1108975. [PMID: 37077248 PMCID: PMC10106607 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1108975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spruce bark beetle Ips typographus can trigger outbreaks on spruce that results in significant losses in the forest industry. It has been suggested that symbiotic microorganisms inhabiting the gut of bark beetles facilitate the colonization of plant tissues as they play a role in the detoxification of plant secondary metabolites, degrade plant cell wall and ameliorate beetle's nutrition. In this study, we sequenced and functionally annotated the genomes of five yeasts Kuraishia molischiana, Cryptococcus sp., Nakazawaea ambrosiae, Ogataea ramenticola, and Wickerhamomyces bisporus isolated from the gut of Ips typographus. Genome analysis identified 5314, 7050, 5722, 5502, and 5784 protein coding genes from K. molischiana, Cryptococcus sp., N. ambrosiae, O. ramenticola, and W. bisporus, respectively. Protein-coding sequences were classified into biological processes, cellular and molecular function based on gene ontology terms enrichment. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation was used to predict gene functions. All analyzed yeast genomes contain full pathways for the synthesis of essential amino acids and vitamin B6, which have nutritional importance to beetle. Furthermore, their genomes contain diverse gene families related to the detoxification processes. The prevalent superfamilies are aldo-keto reductase, ATP-binding cassette and the major facilitator transporters. The phylogenetic relationships of detoxification-related enzymes aldo-keto reductase, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, and ATP-binding cassette are presented. Genome annotations also revealed presence of genes active in lignocellulose degradation. In vitro analyses did not confirm enzymatic endolytic degradation of lignocellulose; however, all species can utilize and pectin and produce a large spectrum of exolytic enzymes attacking cellulose, chitin, and lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Cheng
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czechia
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tereza Veselská
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czechia
| | - Barbora Křížková
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czechia
| | - Karel Švec
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czechia
| | - Václav Havlíček
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czechia
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Miroslav Kolařík
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wei X, Peng H, Li Y, Meng B, Wang S, Bi S, Zhao X. Pyrethroids exposure alters the community and function of the internal microbiota in Aedes albopictus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 252:114579. [PMID: 36706527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of insecticides bring selection pressure and then develop insecticide resistance in Aedes albopictus. This study demonstrated for the first time the effect of pyrethroid exposure on the internal microbiota in Ae. albopictus. 36, 48, 57 strains of virgin adult Ae. albopictus were exposed to the pyrethroids deltamethrin (Dme group), β-cypermethrin (Bcy group), and cis-permethrin (Cper group), respectively, with n-hexane exposure (Hex group) as the controls (n = 36). The internal microbiota community and functions were analyzed based on the metagenomic analysis. The analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) results showed that the Hex/Bcy (p = 0.001), Hex/Cper (p = 0.006), Hex/Dme (p = 0.001) groups were well separated, and the internal microbes of Ae. albopictus vary in the composition and functions depending on the type of pyrethroid insecticide they are applied. Four short chain fatty acid-producing genera, Butyricimonas, Prevotellaceae, Anaerococcus, Pseudorhodobacter were specifically absent in the pyrethroid-exposed mosquitoes. Morganella and Streptomyces were significantly enriched in cis-permethrin-exposed mosquitoes. Wolbachia and Chryseobacterium showed significant enrichment in β-cypermethrin-exposed mosquitoes. Pseudomonas was significantly abundant in deltamethrin-exposed mosquitoes. The significant proliferation of these bacteria may be closely related to insecticide metabolism. Our study recapitulated a specifically enhanced metabolic networks relevant to the exposure to cis-permethrin and β-cypermethrin, respectively. Benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.28), key enzyme in aromatic compounds metabolism, was detected enhanced in cis-permethrin and β-cypermethrin exposed mosquitoes. The internal microbiota metabolism of aromatic compounds may be important influencing factors for pyrethroid resistance. Future work will be needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms by which mosquito microbiota influences host resistance and vector ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wei
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Peng
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Meng
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shichao Wang
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Shanzheng Bi
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangna Zhao
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen H, Hao D, Chen C, Sun Y, Yu X. Effects of midgut bacteria in Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) on nuclear polyhedrosis virus and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillales: Bacillaceae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2023; 23:1. [PMID: 36916277 PMCID: PMC10011879 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iead009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hyphantria cunea Drury (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) is a quarantine pest in China that can cause damage to hundreds of plants. As biological control agents, Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) (Bt) are commonly used to inhibit the prevalence of H. cunea. To investigate the role of midgut bacteria in the infection of NPV and Bt in H. cunea, we performed a series of tests, including isolating the dominant culturable bacteria in the midgut, eliminating intestinal bacteria, and respectively inoculating the dominant strains with NPV and Bt for bioassay. Two dominant bacteria, Klebsiella oxytoca Lautrop (Enterobacterales: Enterobacteriaceae) and Enterococcus mundtii Collins (Lactobacillales: Enterococcaceae), in the midgut of H. cunea were identified, and a strain of H. cunea larvae without intestinal bacteria was successfully established. In the bioassays of entomopathogen infection, K. oxytoca showed significant synergistic effects with both NPV and Bt on the death of H. cunea. In contrast, E. mundtii played antagonistic effects. This phenomenon may be attributed to the differences in the physico-chemical properties of the two gut bacteria and the alkaline environment required for NPV and Bt to infect the host. It is worth noting that the enhanced insecticidal activity of K. oxytoca on NPV and Bt provides a reference for future biological control of H. cunea by intestinal bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | | | - Changyu Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuhang Sun
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaohang Yu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Siddiqui JA, Fan R, Naz H, Bamisile BS, Hafeez M, Ghani MI, Wei Y, Xu Y, Chen X. Insights into insecticide-resistance mechanisms in invasive species: Challenges and control strategies. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1112278. [PMID: 36699674 PMCID: PMC9868318 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1112278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Threatening the global community is a wide variety of potential threats, most notably invasive pest species. Invasive pest species are non-native organisms that humans have either accidentally or intentionally spread to new regions. One of the most effective and first lines of control strategies for controlling pests is the application of insecticides. These toxic chemicals are employed to get rid of pests, but they pose great risks to people, animals, and plants. Pesticides are heavily used in managing invasive pests in the current era. Due to the overuse of synthetic chemicals, numerous invasive species have already developed resistance. The resistance development is the main reason for the failure to manage the invasive species. Developing pesticide resistance management techniques necessitates a thorough understanding of the mechanisms through which insects acquire insecticide resistance. Insects use a variety of behavioral, biochemical, physiological, genetic, and metabolic methods to deal with toxic chemicals, which can lead to resistance through continuous overexpression of detoxifying enzymes. An overabundance of enzymes causes metabolic resistance, detoxifying pesticides and rendering them ineffective against pests. A key factor in the development of metabolic resistance is the amplification of certain metabolic enzymes, specifically esterases, Glutathione S-transferase, Cytochromes p450 monooxygenase, and hydrolyses. Additionally, insect guts offer unique habitats for microbial colonization, and gut bacteria may serve their hosts a variety of useful services. Most importantly, the detoxification of insecticides leads to resistance development. The complete knowledge of invasive pest species and their mechanisms of resistance development could be very helpful in coping with the challenges and effectively developing effective strategies for the control of invasive species. Integrated Pest Management is particularly effective at lowering the risk of chemical and environmental contaminants and the resulting health issues, and it may also offer the most effective ways to control insect pests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Ali Siddiqui
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- International Jointed Institute of Plant Microbial Ecology and Resource Management in Guizhou University, Ministry of Agriculture, China & China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department, Guiyang, China
| | - Ruidong Fan
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- International Jointed Institute of Plant Microbial Ecology and Resource Management in Guizhou University, Ministry of Agriculture, China & China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department, Guiyang, China
| | - Hira Naz
- Research and Development Centre for Fine Chemicals, National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bamisope Steve Bamisile
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Muhammad Hafeez
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Imran Ghani
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- International Jointed Institute of Plant Microbial Ecology and Resource Management in Guizhou University, Ministry of Agriculture, China & China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department, Guiyang, China
| | - Yiming Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Lab, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yijuan Xu
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyulong Chen
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- International Jointed Institute of Plant Microbial Ecology and Resource Management in Guizhou University, Ministry of Agriculture, China & China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department, Guiyang, China
- College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mogilicherla K, Roy A. Epigenetic regulations as drivers of insecticide resistance and resilience to climate change in arthropod pests. Front Genet 2023; 13:1044980. [PMID: 36685945 PMCID: PMC9853188 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1044980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthropod pests are remarkably capable of rapidly adapting to novel forms of environmental stress, including insecticides and climate change. The dynamic interplay between epigenetics and genetics explains the largely unexplored reality underlying rapid climatic adaptation and the development of insecticide resistance in insects. Epigenetic regulation modulates gene expression by methylating DNA and acetylating histones that play an essential role in governing insecticide resistance and adaptation to climate change. This review summarises and discusses the significance of recent advances in epigenetic regulation that facilitate phenotypic plasticity in insects and their symbiotic microbes to cope with selection pressure implied by extensive insecticide applications and climate change. We also discuss how epigenetic changes are passed on to multiple generations through sexual recombination, which remains enigmatic. Finally, we explain how these epigenetic signatures can be utilized to manage insecticide resistance and pest resilience to climate change in Anthropocene.
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu C, Wu X, Yang H, Yu L, Zhang Y. Effects of larval exposure to the insecticide flumethrin on the development of honeybee ( Apis mellifera) workers. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1054769. [PMID: 36589443 PMCID: PMC9795074 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1054769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Flumethrin is a widely used acaricide, but its improper use often leads to residue accumulation in honeybee colonies, thus threatening the health of honeybees, especially at the larval stage. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the direct toxicity of flumethrin on honeybee (Apis mellifera) larvae by conducting bioassays for immune and detoxification-related enzymes and transcriptome sequencing to determine the potential effects on newly emerged adults who were exposed to flumethrin during the larval stage. Results showed that the higher the concentration of flumethrin the honeybee larvae were exposed to, the greater the damage to the physiology of honeybee larvae and the newly emerged worker bees. When honeybee larvae were exposed to flumethrin concentrations higher than 0.01 mg/L, the activities of glutathione sulfur transferase and carboxylesterase were affected, and the metabolism-related genes in the head of newly emerged honeybees exposed to flumethrin during the larval stage were down-regulated. Flumethrin concentration higher than 0.1 mg/L significantly increased mixed-functional oxidase content in honeybee larvae, reduced the larval survival rate, and down-regulated the expression levels of olfactory-related and antioxidant-related genes in newly emerged honeybees. Furthermore, a flumethrin concentration of 1 mg/L significantly down-regulated the expression levels of immune and detoxification-related genes in newly emerged honeybees. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the response of honeybee larvae to sublethal flumethrin toxicity and could be used to further investigate the complex molecular mechanisms in honeybees under pesticide stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Xiaobo Wu,
| | - Heyan Yang
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang, China
| | - Longtao Yu
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gómez-Govea MA, Ramírez-Ahuja MDL, Contreras-Perera Y, Jiménez-Camacho AJ, Ruiz-Ayma G, Villanueva-Segura OK, Trujillo-Rodríguez GDJ, Delgado-Enciso I, Martínez-Fierro ML, Manrique-Saide P, Puerta-Guardo H, Flores-Suárez AE, Ponce-García G, Rodríguez-Sánchez IP. Suppression of Midgut Microbiota Impact Pyrethroid Susceptibility in Aedes aegypti. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:761459. [PMID: 35979482 PMCID: PMC9376455 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.761459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is a mosquito that transmits viral diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever. The insect’s microbiota is recognized for regulating several biological processes, including digestion, metabolism, egg production, development, and immune response. However, the role of the bacteria involved in insecticide susceptibility has not been established. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the resident microbiota in a field population of A. aegypti to evaluate its role associated with susceptibility to the insecticides permethrin and deltamethrin. Mosquitoes were fed 10% sucrose mixed with antibiotics and then exposed to insecticides using a diagnostic dose. DNA was extracted, and sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA was carried out on Illumina® MiSeq™. Proteobacteria (92.4%) and Bacteroidetes (7.6%) were the phyla, which are most abundant in mosquitoes fed with sucrose 10%. After exposure to permethrin, the most abundant bacterial species were Pantoea agglomerans (38.4%) and Pseudomonas azotoformans-fluorescens-synxantha (14.2%). Elizabethkingia meningoseptica (38.4%) and Ps. azotoformans-fluorescens-synxantha (26.1%) were the most abundant after exposure to deltamethrin. Our results showed a decrease in mosquitoes’ survival when exposed to permethrin, while no difference in survival when exposed to deltamethrin when the microbiota was modified. We found that the change in microbiota modifies the response of mosquitoes to permethrin. These results are essential for a better understanding of mosquito physiology in response to insecticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayra A. Gómez-Govea
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular y Estructural, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - María de Lourdes Ramírez-Ahuja
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular y Estructural, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Yamili Contreras-Perera
- Unidad Colaborativa de Bioensayos Entomológicos (UCBE) y del Laboratorio de Control Biológico (LCB) para Ae. aegypti, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Mérida, Mexico
| | - Armando J. Jiménez-Camacho
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular y Estructural, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Ruiz-Ayma
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Laboratorio de Biológía de la Conservación, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Olga Karina Villanueva-Segura
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular y Estructural, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Gerardo de Jesús Trujillo-Rodríguez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular y Estructural, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | | | - Margarita L. Martínez-Fierro
- Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Laboratorio de Medicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Pablo Manrique-Saide
- Unidad Colaborativa de Bioensayos Entomológicos (UCBE) y del Laboratorio de Control Biológico (LCB) para Ae. aegypti, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Mérida, Mexico
| | - Henry Puerta-Guardo
- Unidad Colaborativa de Bioensayos Entomológicos (UCBE) y del Laboratorio de Control Biológico (LCB) para Ae. aegypti, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Mérida, Mexico
| | - Adriana E. Flores-Suárez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Zoología de Invertebrados, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Ponce-García
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Zoología de Invertebrados, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Iram P. Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular y Estructural, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Iram P. Rodríguez-Sánchez,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Janssens L, Van de Maele M, Delnat V, Theys C, Mukherjee S, De Meester L, Stoks R. Evolution of pesticide tolerance and associated changes in the microbiome in the water flea Daphnia magna. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 240:113697. [PMID: 35653979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to pesticides can have detrimental effects on aquatic communities of non-target species. Populations can evolve tolerance to pesticides which may rescue them from extinction. However, the evolution of tolerance does not always occur and insights in the underlying mechanisms are scarce. One understudied mechanism to obtain pesticide tolerance in hosts are shifts toward pesticide-degrading bacteria in their microbiome. We carried out experimental evolution trials where replicated experimental populations of the water flea Daphnia magna were exposed to the pesticide chlorpyrifos or a solvent control, after which we performed acute toxicity assays to evaluate the evolution of chlorpyrifos tolerance. Additionally, we quantified changes in the microbiota community composition of whole body and gut samples to assess which sample type best reflected the pesticide tolerance of the Daphnia host. As expected, chlorpyrifos-selected clones became more tolerant to chlorpyrifos as shown by the higher EC5048 h (36% higher) compared with the control clones. This was associated with shifts in the microbiome composition whereby the abundance of known organophosphate-degrading bacterial genera increased on average ~4 times in the chlorpyrifos-selected clones. Moreover, the abundances of several genera, including the organophosphate-degrading bacteria Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium and Bacillus, were positively correlated with the EC5048 h of the host populations. These shifts in bacterial genera were similar in magnitude in whole body and gut samples, yet the total abundance of organophosphate-degrading bacteria was ~6 times higher in the whole body samples, suggesting that the gut is not the only body part where pesticide degradation by the microbiome occurs. Our results indicate that the microbiome is an important mediator of the development of tolerance to pesticides in Daphnia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizanne Janssens
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Debériotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marlies Van de Maele
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Debériotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vienna Delnat
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Debériotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Theys
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Debériotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shinjini Mukherjee
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, University of Leuven, ON I Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc De Meester
- Freshwater Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, University of Leuven, Debériotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Debériotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhao M, Lin X, Guo X. The Role of Insect Symbiotic Bacteria in Metabolizing Phytochemicals and Agrochemicals. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13070583. [PMID: 35886759 PMCID: PMC9319143 DOI: 10.3390/insects13070583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary To counter plant chemical defenses and exposure to agrochemicals, herbivorous insects have developed several adaptive strategies to guard against the ingested detrimental substances, including enhancing detoxifying enzyme activities, avoidance behavior, amino acid mutation of target sites, and lower penetration through a thicker cuticle. Insect microbiota play important roles in many aspects of insect biology and physiology. To better understand the role of insect symbiotic bacteria in metabolizing these detrimental substances, we summarize the research progress on the function of insect bacteria in metabolizing phytochemicals and agrochemicals, and describe their future potential application in pest management and protection of beneficial insects. Abstract The diversity and high adaptability of insects are heavily associated with their symbiotic microbes, which include bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, and archaea. These microbes play important roles in many aspects of the biology and physiology of insects, such as helping the host insects with food digestion, nutrition absorption, strengthening immunity and confronting plant defenses. To maintain normal development and population reproduction, herbivorous insects have developed strategies to detoxify the substances to which they may be exposed in the living habitat, such as the detoxifying enzymes carboxylesterase, glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP450s). Additionally, insect symbiotic bacteria can act as an important factor to modulate the adaptability of insects to the exposed detrimental substances. This review summarizes the current research progress on the role of insect symbiotic bacteria in metabolizing phytochemicals and agrochemicals (insecticides and herbicides). Given the importance of insect microbiota, more functional symbiotic bacteria that modulate the adaptability of insects to the detrimental substances to which they are exposed should be identified, and the underlying mechanisms should also be further studied, facilitating the development of microbial-resource-based pest control approaches or protective methods for beneficial insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xianru Guo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0371-63558170
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang X, Zhang F, Lu X. Diversity and Functional Roles of the Gut Microbiota in Lepidopteran Insects. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061234. [PMID: 35744751 PMCID: PMC9231115 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lepidopteran insects are one of the most widespread and speciose lineages on Earth, with many common pests and beneficial insect species. The evolutionary success of their diversification depends on the essential functions of gut microorganisms. This diverse gut microbiota of lepidopteran insects provides benefits in nutrition and reproductive regulation and plays an important role in the defence against pathogens, enhancing host immune homeostasis. In addition, gut symbionts have shown promising applications in the development of novel tools for biological control, biodegradation of waste, and blocking the transmission of insect-borne diseases. Even though most microbial symbionts are unculturable, the rapidly expanding catalogue of microbial genomes and the application of modern genetic techniques offer a viable alternative for studying these microbes. Here, we discuss the gut structure and microbial diversity of lepidopteran insects, as well as advances in the understanding of symbiotic relationships and interactions between hosts and symbionts. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the function of the gut microbiota, including in host nutrition and metabolism, immune defence, and potential mechanisms of detoxification. Due to the relevance of lepidopteran pests in agricultural production, it can be expected that the research on the interactions between lepidopteran insects and their gut microbiota will be used for biological pest control and protection of beneficial insects in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiancui Zhang
- Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China;
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- Correspondence: (F.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Xingmeng Lu
- Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China;
- Correspondence: (F.Z.); (X.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Diversity of culturable gut bacteria of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) collected from different geographical regions of India. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:7475-7481. [PMID: 35585378 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella is one of the important pests of cole crops, the larval stages cause damage to leaves from seedling stage to the harvest thus reducing the quality and quantity of the yield. The insect gut posses a large variety of microbial communities among which, the association of bacteria is the most spread and common. Due to variations in various agro-climatic factors, the insect often assumes the status of major pest. These geographical variations in insects influence various biological parameters including insecticide resistance due to diversity of microbes/bacteria. The diverse role of gut bacteria in insect fitness traits has now gained perspectives for biotechnological exploration. The present study was aimed to determine the diversity of larval gut bacteria of diamondback moth collected from five different geographical regions of India. The gut bacteria of this pest were found to be influenced by different geographical regions. A total of 14 larval gut bacterial isolates were obtained. Majority of these bacteria belong to Enterobacteriaceae followed by Yersiniaceae, Morganellaceae and Enterococcaceae. Phylogeny analysis of all the bacterial isolates collected from five different geographical regions of India revealed that all the isolated strains are resolved in well-defined clades with their closest type species.
Collapse
|
31
|
Siddiqui JA, Khan MM, Bamisile BS, Hafeez M, Qasim M, Rasheed MT, Rasheed MA, Ahmad S, Shahid MI, Xu Y. Role of Insect Gut Microbiota in Pesticide Degradation: A Review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:870462. [PMID: 35591988 PMCID: PMC9111541 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.870462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Insect pests cause significant agricultural and economic losses to crops worldwide due to their destructive activities. Pesticides are designed to be poisonous and are intentionally released into the environment to combat the menace caused by these noxious pests. To survive, these insects can resist toxic substances introduced by humans in the form of pesticides. According to recent findings, microbes that live in insect as symbionts have recently been found to protect their hosts against toxins. Symbioses that have been formed are between the pests and various microbes, a defensive mechanism against pathogens and pesticides. Insects' guts provide unique conditions for microbial colonization, and resident bacteria can deliver numerous benefits to their hosts. Insects vary significantly in their reliance on gut microbes for basic functions. Insect digestive tracts are very different in shape and chemical properties, which have a big impact on the structure and composition of the microbial community. Insect gut microbiota has been found to contribute to feeding, parasite and pathogen protection, immune response modulation, and pesticide breakdown. The current review will examine the roles of gut microbiota in pesticide detoxification and the mechanisms behind the development of resistance in insects to various pesticides. To better understand the detoxifying microbiota in agriculturally significant pest insects, we provided comprehensive information regarding the role of gut microbiota in the detoxification of pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Ali Siddiqui
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Musa Khan
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Muhammad Hafeez
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry, Kohsar University Murree, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Rasheed
- Department of Life Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atif Rasheed
- Department of Entomology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Yijuan Xu
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li Y, Zhao D, Wu H, Ji Y, Liu Z, Guo X, Guo W, Bi Y. Bt GS57 Interaction With Gut Microbiota Accelerates Spodoptera exigua Mortality. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:835227. [PMID: 35401496 PMCID: PMC8989089 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.835227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Spodoptera) is an important global polyphagous pest. Pathogen infection could destroy the intestinal microbial homeostasis of insects, leading to the death of the host. However, the effect of the host intestinal microbial community on the insecticidal effect of Bacillus thuringiensis is rarely studied. In this study, the genome characteristics of Bt GS57 and the diversity and functions of the gut bacteria in S. exigua are investigated using crystal morphology, biological activity, and Illumina HiSeq high-throughput sequencing. The total size of the Bt GS57 genome is 6.17 Mbp with an average G + C content of 35.66%. Furthermore, the Bt GS57 genome contains six cry genes: cry1Ca, cry1Da, cry2Ab, cry9Ea, cry1Ia, and cry1Aa, and a vegetative insecticidal protein gene vip3Aa. The Bt GS57 strain can produce biconical crystals, mainly expressing 70 kDa and 130 kDa crystal proteins. The LC50 value of the Bt GS57 strain against the S. exigua larvae was 0.339 mg mL–1. Physiological and biochemical reactions showed that Bt GS57 belongs to B.t. var. thuringiensis. In addition, we found that B. thuringiensis can cause a dynamic change in the gut microbiota of S. exigua, with a significant reduction in bacterial diversity and a substantial increase in bacterial load. In turn, loss of gut microbiota significantly decreased the B. thuringiensis susceptibility of S. exigua larvae. Our findings reveal the vital contribution of the gut microbiota in B. thuringiensis-killing activity, providing new insights into the mechanisms of B. thuringiensis pathogenesis in insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yazi Li
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Han Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yujie Ji
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaorui Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaochang Guo
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Wei Guo
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Guo,
| | - Yang Bi
- College of Bioscience and Resources Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Insecticidal and growth inhibitory activity of gut microbes isolated from adults of Spodoptera litura (Fab.). BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:71. [PMID: 35272633 PMCID: PMC8908599 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02476-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spodoptera litura (Fab.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) commonly known as tobacco caterpillar is a polyphagous pest that causes significant damage to many agricultural crops. The extensive use of chemical insecticides against S. litura has resulted in development of resistance. In order to find potential biocontrol agents, gut microbes were investigated for insecticidal potential. These microbes live in a diverse relationship with insects that may vary from beneficial to pathogenic. RESULTS Enterococcus casseliflavus, Enterococcus mundtii, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas paralactis and Pantoea brenneri were isolated from adults of S. litura. Screening of these microbial isolates for insecticidal potential against S. litura showed higher larval mortality due to K. pneumoniae and P. paralactis. These bacteria also negatively affected the development of insect along with significant decline in relative growth and consumption rate as well as efficiency of conversion of ingested and digested food of insect. The bacteria significantly decreased the reproductive potential of insect. Perturbations in the composition of gut microbiome and damage to gut epithelium were also observed that might be associated with decreased survival of this insect. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals the toxic effects of K. pneumoniae and P. paralactis on biology of S. litura. These bacteria may be used as potential candidates for developing ecofriendly strategies to manage this insect pest.
Collapse
|
34
|
Yu L, Yang H, Cheng F, Wu Z, Huang Q, He X, Yan W, Zhang L, Wu X. Honey bee Apis mellifera larvae gut microbial and immune, detoxication responses towards flumethrin stress. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118107. [PMID: 34500395 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mites are considered the worst enemy of honey bees, resulting in economic losses in agricultural production. In apiculture, flumethrin is frequently used to control mites. It causes residues of flumethrin in colonies which may threaten honey bees, especially for larvae. Still, the impact of flumethrin-induced dysbiosis on honey bees larval health has not been fully elucidated, and any impact of microbiota for decomposing flumethrin in honey bees is also poorly understood. In this study, 2-day-old larvae were fed with different flumethrin-sucrose solutions (0, 0.5, 5, 50 mg/kg) and the dose increased daily (1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 μL) until capped, thereafter the expression level of two immune genes (hymenoptaecin, defensin1) and two detoxication-related genes (GST, catalase) were measured. Meanwhile, the effect of flumethrin on honey bee larvae (Apis mellifera) gut microbes was also explored via 16S rRNA Illumina deep sequencing. We found that flumethrin at 5 mg/kg triggered the over expression of immune-related genes in larvae, while the larval detoxification-related genes were up-regulated when the concentrations reached 50 mg/kg. Moreover, the abundance and diversity of microbes in flumethrin-treated groups (over 0.5 mg/kg) were significantly lower than control group, but it increased with flumethrin concentrations among the flumethrin-treated groups. Our results revealed that microbes served as a barrier in the honey bee gut and were able to protect honey bee larvae to a certain extent, and reduce the stress of flumethrin on honey bee larvae. In addition, as the concentration of flumethrin increases, honey bee larvae activate their immune system then detoxification system to defend against the potential threat of flumethrin. This is the first report on the impact of flumethrin on gut microbiota in honey bees larvae. The findings revealed new fundamental insights regarding immune and detoxification of host-associated microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longtao Yu
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Heyan Yang
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Fuping Cheng
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Zhihao Wu
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Xujiang He
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Weiyu Yan
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Lizhen Zhang
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang, 330045, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Banerjee S, Maiti TK, Roy RN. Enzyme producing insect gut microbes: an unexplored biotechnological aspect. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:384-402. [PMID: 34612103 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1942777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To explore the unmapped biotechnologically important microbial platforms for human welfare, the insect gut system is such a promising arena. Insects, the inhabitant of all ecological niches, harbor a healthy diversified microbial population in their versatile gut environment. This deep-rooted symbiotic relationship between insects and gut microbes is the result of several indispensable microbial performances that include: enzyme production, detoxification of plant defense compounds and insecticides, maintenance of life cycle, host fertility, bioremediation, pest biocontrol, production of antimicrobial compounds, and in addition provide vitamins, amino acids, and lactic acids to their hosts. Insects have developed such symbiotic interactions with different microorganisms for nutritional benefits like the digestion of dietary compounds by the production of several key hydrolytic enzymes viz: amylase, cellulase, lignocellulase, protease, lipase, xylanase, pectinase, chitinase, laccase, etc. The nutritional enrichment offered by these microbes to insects may be the key factor in the evolutionary attainment of this group. Around one million insect species are grouped under 31 orders, however, only ten of such groups' have been studied in relation to enzyme-producing gut microbes. Moreover, insect gut symbionts are a potential source of biotechnologically active biomolecules as these microbes go through a course of selection pressures in their host gut environment. As symbiosis has pronounced potential regarding the production of novel compounds, especially enzymes with multidimensional industrial capabilities, so there are ample scopes to explore this treasure box for human welfare. Biological significance as well as industrially compatible capabilities can categorize these insect gut symbionts as an unexplored biotechnological aspect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandipan Banerjee
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. B. N. Dutta Smriti Mahavidyalaya, Hatgobindapur, Burdwan, India.,Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, India
| | | | - Raj Narayan Roy
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. B. N. Dutta Smriti Mahavidyalaya, Hatgobindapur, Burdwan, India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Aresti-Sanz J, Schwalbe M, Pereira RR, Permentier H, El Aidy S. Stability of Methylphenidate under Various pH Conditions in the Presence or Absence of Gut Microbiota. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080733. [PMID: 34451830 PMCID: PMC8398889 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylphenidate is one of the most widely used oral treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The drug is mainly absorbed in the small intestine and has low bioavailability. Accordingly, a high interindividual variability in terms of response to the treatment is known among ADHD patients treated with methylphenidate. Nonetheless, very little is known about the factors that influence the drug's absorption and bioavailability. Gut microbiota has been shown to reduce the bioavailability of a wide variety of orally administered drugs. Here, we tested the ability of small intestinal bacteria to metabolize methylphenidate. In silico analysis identified several small intestinal bacteria to harbor homologues of the human carboxylesterase 1 enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of methylphenidate in the liver into the inactive form, ritalinic acid. Despite our initial results hinting towards possible bacterial hydrolysis of the drug, up to 60% of methylphenidate is spontaneously hydrolyzed in the absence of bacteria and this hydrolysis is pH-dependent. Overall, our results indicate that the stability of methylphenidate is compromised under certain pH conditions in the presence or absence of gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Aresti-Sanz
- Host-Microbe Interactions, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.A.-S.); (M.S.)
| | - Markus Schwalbe
- Host-Microbe Interactions, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.A.-S.); (M.S.)
| | | | - Hjalmar Permentier
- Interfaculty Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Sahar El Aidy
- Host-Microbe Interactions, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.A.-S.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-(0)503-632201
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang Y, Ding L, Yan Z, Zhou D, Jiang J, Qiu J, Xin Z. Identification and Characterization of a Novel Carboxylesterase Belonging to Family VIII with Promiscuous Acyltransferase Activity Toward Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside from a Soil Metagenomic Library. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 195:2432-2450. [PMID: 34255285 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An alkaline esterase, designated as EstXT1, was identified through functional screening from a metagenomic library. Sequence analysis revealed that EstXT1 belonged to the family VIII carboxylesterases and contained a characteristic conserved S-x-x-K motif and a deduced catalytic triad Ser56-Lys59-Tyr165. EstXT1 exhibited the strongest activity toward methyl ferulate at pH 8.0 and temperature 55°C and retained over 80% of its original activity after incubation in the pH range of 7.0-10.6 buffers. Biochemical characterization of the recombinant enzyme showed that it was activated by Zn2+ and Co2+ metal ion, while inhibited by Cu2+ and CTAB. EstXT1 exhibited significant promiscuous acyltransferase activity preferred to the acylation of benzyl alcohol acceptor using short-chain pNP-esters (C2-C8) as acyl-donors. A structure-function analysis indicated that a WAG motif is essential to acyltransferase activity. This is the first report example that WAG motif plays a pivotal role in acyltransferase activity in family VIII carboxylesterases beside WGG motif. Further experiment indicated that EstXT1 successfully acylated cyanidin-3-O-glucoside in aqueous solution. The results from the current investigation provided new insights for the family VIII carboxylesterase and lay a foundation for the potential applications of EstXT1 in food and biotechnology fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Xin
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
An integrated overview of bacterial carboxylesterase: Structure, function and biocatalytic applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 205:111882. [PMID: 34087776 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Carboxylesterases (CEs) are members of prominent esterase, and as their name imply, they catalyze the cleavage of ester linkages. By far, a considerable number of novel CEs have been identified to investigate their exquisite physiological and biochemical properties. They are abundant enzymes in nature, widely distributed in relatively broad temperature range and in various sources; both macroorganisms and microorganisms. Given the importance of these enzymes in broad industries, interest in the study of their mechanisms and structural-based engineering are greatly increasing. This review presents the current state of knowledge and understanding about the structure and functions of this ester-metabolizing enzyme, primarily from bacterial sources. In addition, the potential biotechnological applications of bacterial CEs are also encompassed. This review will be useful in understanding the molecular basis and structural protein of bacterial CEs that are significant for the advancement of enzymology field in industries.
Collapse
|
39
|
Li Q, Sun J, Qin Y, Fan J, Zhang Y, Tan X, Hou M, Chen J. Reduced insecticide susceptibility of the wheat aphid Sitobion miscanthi after infection by the secondary bacterial symbiont Hamiltonella defensa. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:1936-1944. [PMID: 33300163 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial symbionts in insects, especially aphids, have a major influence on host adaptation. We previously showed that infection with the secondary symbiont Hamiltonella defensa increases the fitness of the wheat aphid Sitobion miscanthi, yielding increases in fitness parameters such as adult weight and offspring number. However, whether H. defensa affects the sensitivity of host aphids to insecticides remains unknown. RESULTS We tested the effects of H. defensa on host aphid susceptibility to the insecticides chlorpyrifos methyl, imidacloprid, cyantraniliprole and acetamiprid. Our results showed that compared with Hamiltonella-free aphid clones, Hamiltonella-infected aphid clones exhibited lower sensitivity to most of the tested insecticides at low concentrations. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that the density of H. defensa in the infected clones was slightly decreased at 24 h but then sharply increased until the late stage after treatment with the different insecticides. H. defensa in the host aphids was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization and was localized to the aphid hindgut. Levels of the detoxification enzymes acetylcholinesterase, glutathione transferase and carboxylesterase were significantly higher in Hamiltonella-infected clones than in Hamiltonella-free clones. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicated that infection with H. defensa reduced aphid susceptibility to the investigated insecticides at low concentrations, potentially by increasing detoxification enzyme activity in the host. Therefore, symbiont-mediated insecticide resistance should be taken into account when performing resistance-monitoring studies. Studies of symbiont-mediated insecticide resistance may enhance our understanding of the emergence of insecticide resistance in agricultural systems. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - JingXuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - YaoGuo Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoLing Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - MaoLin Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - JuLian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- MARA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bhatt P, Rene ER, Kumar AJ, Zhang W, Chen S. Binding interaction of allethrin with esterase: Bioremediation potential and mechanism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 315:123845. [PMID: 32707504 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this work was to study the allethrin binding interactions with esterase and its bioremediation potential using an isolated bacterial strain CW7, identified as Pseudomonas nitroreducens. The degradation conditions with strain CW7 were optimized using response surface methodology at pH 7.0, a temperature of 32 °C, and an inocula concentration of 150 mg·L-1, with 96% allethrin degradation observed over 7 days. The kinetic parameters qmax, Ks, and Ki were calculated to be 0.512 day-1, 4.97 mg·L-1, and 317.13 mg·L-1, respectively. Nine intermediate metabolites were identified after analysing the degradation products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Strain CW7 effectively degraded a wide variety of pyrethroids as a carbon source. Molecular modeling, docking, and enzyme kinetics were used to investigate the binding pocket of the esterase containing amino acids such as alanine, arginine, valine, proline, cysteine, glycine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, serine, asparagine, and threonine, which play active roles in allethrin degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bhatt
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2601DA Delft, the Netherlands
| | | | - Wenping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gichuhi J, Sevgan S, Khamis F, Van den Berg J, du Plessis H, Ekesi S, Herren JK. Diversity of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda and their gut bacterial community in Kenya. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8701. [PMID: 32185109 PMCID: PMC7060952 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a polyphagous pest that causes widespread damage particularly to maize and sorghum in Africa. The microbiome associated with S. frugiperda could play a role in the insects' success and adaptability. However, bacterial communities in S. frugiperda remain poorly studied. METHODS We investigated the composition, abundance and diversity of microbiomes associated with larval and adult specimens of S. frugiperda collected from four maize growing regions in Kenya through high throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The population structure of S. frugiperda in Kenya was assessed through amplification of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene. RESULTS We identified Proteobacteria and Firmicutes as the most dominant bacterial phyla and lesser proportions of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. We also observed differences in bacterial microbiome diversity between larvae and adults that are a likely indication that some prominent larval bacterial groups are lost during metamorphosis. However, several bacterial groups were found in both adults and larvae suggesting that they are transmitted across developmental stages. Reads corresponding to several known entomopathogenic bacterial clades as well as the fungal entomopathogen, Metarhizium rileyi, were observed. Mitochondrial DNA haplotyping of the S. frugiperda population in Kenya indicated the presence of both "Rice" and "Corn" strains, with a higher prevalence of the "Rice" strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Gichuhi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Subramanian Sevgan
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fathiya Khamis
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Johnnie Van den Berg
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Hannalene du Plessis
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Sunday Ekesi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jeremy K. Herren
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Henry Wellcome Building, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Przemieniecki SW, Kosewska A, Ciesielski S, Kosewska O. Changes in the gut microbiome and enzymatic profile of Tenebrio molitor larvae biodegrading cellulose, polyethylene and polystyrene waste. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 256:113265. [PMID: 31733968 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) for plastic degradation. This study is focused on changes in microbiome structure depending on diets. Microbial community obtained from oat and cellulose diet formed similar group, two kinds of polyethylene formed another group, while polystyrene diet showed the highest dissimilarity. The highest relative abundance of bacteria colonizing gut was in PE-oxodegradable feeding, nevertheless all applied diets were higher in comparison to oat. Dominant phyla consisted of Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, however after PS feeding frequency in Planctomycetes and Nitrospirae increased. The unique bacteria characteristic for cellulose diet belonged to Selenomonas, while Pantoea were characteristic for both polyethylene diets, Lactococcus and Elizabethkingia were unique for each plastic diet, and potential diazotropic bacteria were characteristic for polystyrene diet (Agrobacterium, Nitrosomonas, Nitrospira). Enzymatic similarity between oatmeal and cellulose diets, was shown. All three plastics diet resulted in different activity in both, digestive tract and bacteria. The enzymes with the highest activity were included phosphatases, esterases, leucine arylamidase, β-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, chitinase, α-mannosidase and α-fucosidase. The activity of digestive tract was stronger than cultured gut bacteria. In addition to known polyethylene degradation methods, larvae may degrade polyethylene with esterase, cellulose and oatmeal waste activity is related with the activity of sugar-degrading enzymes, degradation of polystyrene with anaerobic processes and diazotrophs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian W Przemieniecki
- Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 17, 10-720, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Kosewska
- Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 17, 10-720, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Sławomir Ciesielski
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45G, 10-917, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Olga Kosewska
- Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 17, 10-720, Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Costa ÂCF, Cavalcanti SCH, Santana AS, Lima APS, Brito TB, Oliveira RRB, Macêdo NA, Cristaldo PF, Araújo APA, Bacci L. Insecticidal activity of indole derivatives against Plutella xylostella and selectivity to four non-target organisms. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:973-982. [PMID: 31420785 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is a destructive pest of brassica crops of economic importance that have resistance to a range of insecticides. Indole derivates can exert diverse biological activities, and different effects may be obtained from small differences in their molecular structures. Indole is the parent substance of a large number of synthetic and natural compounds, such as plant and animal hormones. In the present study, we evaluate the insecticidal activity of 20 new synthesized indole derivatives against P. xylostella, and the selectivity of these derivatives against non-target hymenopteran beneficial arthropods: the pollinator Apis mellifera (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), and the predators Polybia scutellaris (White, 1841), Polybia sericea (Olivier, 1791) and Polybia rejecta (Fabricius, 1798) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Bioassays were performed in the laboratory to determine the lethal and sublethal effects of the compounds on P. xylostella and to examine their selectivity to non-target organisms by topical application and foliar contact. The treatments consisted of two synthesized derivatives (most and least toxic), the positive control (deltamethrin) and the negative control (solvent). The synthesized compound 4e [1-(1H-indol-3-yl)hexan-1-one] showed high toxicity (via topical application and ingestion) and decreased the leaf consumption by P. xylostella, displaying a higher efficiency than the pyrethroid deltamethrin, widely used to control this pest. In addition, the synthesized indole derivatives were selective to the pollinator A. mellifera and the predators P. scutellaris, P. sericea and P. rejecta, none of which were affected by deltamethrin. Our results highlight the promising potential of the synthesized indole derivatives for the generation of new chemical compounds for P. xylostella management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ângela C F Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | | | - Alisson S Santana
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Ana P S Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Thaysnara B Brito
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Rafael R B Oliveira
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Nathália A Macêdo
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Paulo F Cristaldo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia Agrícola, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula A Araújo
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Leandro Bacci
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
- Departamento de Engenharia Agronômica, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dada N, Lol JC, Benedict AC, López F, Sheth M, Dzuris N, Padilla N, Lenhart A. Pyrethroid exposure alters internal and cuticle surface bacterial communities in Anopheles albimanus. THE ISME JOURNAL 2019; 13:2447-2464. [PMID: 31171859 PMCID: PMC6776023 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0445-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying insecticide resistance is needed to mitigate its threat to malaria vector control. Following previously identified associations between mosquito microbiota and insecticide resistance, we demonstrate for the first time, the effects of pyrethroid exposure on the microbiota of F1 progeny of field-collected Anopheles albimanus. Larval and adult mosquitoes were exposed to the pyrethroids alphacypermethrin (only adults), permethrin, and deltamethrin. While there were no significant differences in bacterial composition between insecticide-resistant and insecticide-susceptible mosquitoes, bacterial composition between insecticide-exposed and non-exposed mosquitoes was significantly different for alphacypermethrin and permethrin exposure. Along with other bacterial taxa not identified to species, Pantoea agglomerans (a known insecticide-degrading bacterial species) and Pseudomonas fragi were more abundant in insecticide-exposed compared to non-exposed adults, demonstrating that insecticide exposure can alter mosquito bacterial communities. We also show for the first time that the cuticle surfaces of both larval and adult An. albimanus harbor more diverse bacterial communities than their internal microbial niches. Together, these findings demonstrate how insecticide pressure could be selecting for certain bacteria within mosquitoes, especially insecticide-metabolizing bacteria, thus potentially contributing to insecticide resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nsa Dada
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Juan C Lol
- Grupo de Biología y Control de Vectores, Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Ana Cristina Benedict
- Grupo de Biología y Control de Vectores, Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Francisco López
- Grupo de Biología y Control de Vectores, Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Mili Sheth
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging & Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicole Dzuris
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Norma Padilla
- Grupo de Biología y Control de Vectores, Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Audrey Lenhart
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Soto-Robles LV, Torres-Banda V, Rivera-Orduña FN, Curiel-Quesada E, Hidalgo-Lara ME, Zúñiga G. An Overview of Genes From Cyberlindnera americana, a Symbiont Yeast Isolated From the Gut of the Bark Beetle Dendroctonus rhizophagus (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), Involved in the Detoxification Process Using Genome and Transcriptome Data. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2180. [PMID: 31611850 PMCID: PMC6777644 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bark beetles from Dendroctonus genus promote ecological succession and nutrient cycling in coniferous forests. However, they can trigger outbreaks leading to important economic losses in the forest industry. Conifers have evolved resistance mechanisms that can be toxic to insects but at the same time, bark beetles are capable of overcoming tree barriers and colonize these habitats. In this sense, symbiont yeasts present in the gut of bark beetles have been suggested to play a role in the detoxification process of tree defensive chemicals. In the present study, genes related to this process were identified and their response to a terpene highly toxic to bark beetles and their symbionts was analyzed in the Cyberlindnera americana yeast. The genome and transcriptome of C. americana (ChDrAdgY46) isolated from the gut of Dendroctonus rhizophagus were presented. Genome analysis identified 5752 protein-coding genes and diverse gene families associated with the detoxification process. The most abundant belonged to the Aldo-Keto Reductase Superfamily, ATP-binding cassette Superfamily, and the Major Facilitator Superfamily transporters. The transcriptome analysis of non-α-pinene stimulated and α-pinene stimulated yeasts showed a significant expression of genes belonging to these families. The activities demonstrated by the genes identified as Aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase and ABC transporter under (+)-α-pinene suggest that they are responsible, that C. americana is a dominant symbiont that resists high amounts of monoterpenes inside the gut of bark beetles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Viridiana Soto-Robles
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Verónica Torres-Banda
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Flor N Rivera-Orduña
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Everardo Curiel-Quesada
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Gao X, Li W, Luo J, Zhang L, Ji J, Zhu X, Wang L, Zhang S, Cui J. Biodiversity of the microbiota in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:1199-1208. [PMID: 30597740 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Spodoptera exigua is a serious pest of many agricultural crops. However, the bacterial communities of S. exigua are poorly studied, particularly over their entire life cycle. We aimed to study the biodiversity of the microbiota across the life cycle of S. exigua and to provide a better and obtain insight into new pest control strategies. METHODS AND RESULTS The bacterial diversity across the life cycle of S. exigua was studied using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Spodoptera exigua is dominated by Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, with a total relative abundance of 90·03%. Enterococcus (24·6%), Pseudomonas (12·2%) and Asaia (45·9%) were abundant and active in eggs, while Methylobacterium (18·7%) and Halomonas (16·5%) dominated freshly eclosed larvae. The 3rd and 5th instar larvae were dominated by Enterococcus (76·3 and 62·0%). Pupal stages had the highest microbial diversity. There was no significant difference between newly emerged males and females. Symbionts of eggs were extremely similar and probably vertically transmitted by males during mating. CONCLUSIONS The result showed that the bacterial community was affected by the host developmental stages. Our results also suggest that symbionts of egg mass are probably vertically transmitted control by male spawning adults. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Our study documents the symbiont bacteria across the life cycle of S. exigua. Understanding the microbial symbionts may provide clues to develop potential biocontrol techniques against this pest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, PR China
| | - W Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, PR China
| | - J Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, PR China
| | - L Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, PR China
| | - J Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, PR China
| | - X Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, PR China
| | - L Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, PR China
| | - S Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, PR China
| | - J Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Pietri JE, Tiffany C, Liang D. Disruption of the microbiota affects physiological and evolutionary aspects of insecticide resistance in the German cockroach, an important urban pest. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207985. [PMID: 30540788 PMCID: PMC6291076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The German cockroach, Blatella germanica, is a common pest in urban environments and is among the most resilient insects in the world. The remarkable ability of the German cockroach to develop resistance when exposed to toxic insecticides is a prime example of adaptive evolution and makes control of this insect an ongoing struggle. Like many other organisms, the German cockroach is host to a diverse community of symbiotic microbes that play important roles in its physiology. In some insect species, there is a strong correlation between the commensal microbial community and insecticide resistance. In particular, several bacteria have been implicated in the detoxification of xenobiotics, including synthetic insecticides. While multiple mechanisms that mediate insecticide resistance in cockroaches have been discovered, significant knowledge gaps still exist in this area of research. Here, we examine the effects of altering the microbiota on resistance to a common insecticide using antibiotic treatments. We describe an indoxacarb-resistant laboratory strain in which treatment with antibiotic increases susceptibility to orally administered insecticide. We further reveal that this strains harbors a gut microbial community that differs significantly from that of susceptible cockroaches in which insecticide resistance is unaffected by antibiotic. More importantly, we demonstrate that transfer of gut microbes from the resistant to the susceptible strain via fecal transplant increases its resistance. Lastly, our data show that antibiotic treatment adversely affects several reproductive life-history traits that may contribute to the dynamics of resistance at the population level. Together these results suggest that the microbiota contributes to both physiological and evolutionary aspects of insecticide resistance and that targeting this community may be an effective strategy to control the German cockroach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose E. Pietri
- Apex Bait Technologies, Inc., Santa Clara, California, United States of America
| | - Connor Tiffany
- University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Dangsheng Liang
- Apex Bait Technologies, Inc., Santa Clara, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Huang Y, Xiao L, Li F, Xiao M, Lin D, Long X, Wu Z. Microbial Degradation of Pesticide Residues and an Emphasis on the Degradation of Cypermethrin and 3-phenoxy Benzoic Acid: A Review. Molecules 2018; 23:E2313. [PMID: 30208572 PMCID: PMC6225238 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, pesticides are widely used in preventing and controlling the diseases and pests of crop, but at the same time pesticide residues have brought serious harm to human's health and the environment. It is an important subject to study microbial degradation of pesticides in soil environment in the field of internationally environmental restoration science and technology. This paper summarized the microbial species in the environment, the study of herbicide and pesticides degrading bacteria and the mechanism and application of pesticide microbial degrading bacteria. Cypermethrin and other pyrethroid pesticides were used widely currently, while they were difficult to be degraded in the natural conditions, and an intermediate metabolite, 3-phenoxy benzoic acid would be produced in the degradation process, causing the secondary pollution of agricultural products and a series of problems. Taking it above as an example, the paper paid attention to the degradation process of microorganism under natural conditions and factors affecting the microbial degradation of pesticide. In addition, the developed trend of the research on microbial degradation of pesticide and some obvious problems that need further solution were put forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Huang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Lijuan Xiao
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Feiyu Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Mengshi Xiao
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Derong Lin
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Xiaomei Long
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Zhijun Wu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Presence of esterase and laccase in Bacillus subtilis facilitates biodegradation and detoxification of cypermethrin. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12755. [PMID: 30143738 PMCID: PMC6109164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitous presence of cypermethrin as a contaminant in surface stream and soil necessitates to develop potential bioremediation methods to degrade and eliminate this pollutant from the environment. A cypermethrin utilizing bacterial strain (MIC, 450 ppm) was isolated from the soil of pesticide contaminated agriculture field and characterized by using polyphasic approach. On molecular basis bacterial isolate showed 98% homology with Bacillus subtilis strain 1D. Under optimized growth conditions, bacteria showed 95% degradation of cypermethrin after 15 days and the end products of cypermethrin biodegradation under aerobic conditions were cyclododecylamine, phenol, 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl 2,2-dimethyl cyclopropane carboxylate,1-decanol,chloroacetic acid, acetic acid, cyclopentan palmitoleic acid, and decanoic acid. Amplification of esterase (700 bp) and laccase (1200 bp) genes was confirmed by PCR which showed a possible role of these enzymes in biodegradation of cypermethrin. In the presence of cypermethrin Km value(s) of both the enzymes was low than the control. A nobel cypermethrin degradation pathway followed by B. subtilis was proposed on the basis of characterization of biodegraded products of cypermethrin using GC-MS. Cypermethrin biodegradation ability of Bacillus subtilis strain 1D without producing any toxic end product reveals the potential of this organism in cleaning of pesticide contaminated soil and water.
Collapse
|
50
|
Skaljac M, Kirfel P, Grotmann J, Vilcinskas A. Fitness costs of infection with Serratia symbiotica are associated with greater susceptibility to insecticides in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:1829-1836. [PMID: 29443436 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aphids are agricultural pests that damage crops by direct feeding and by vectoring important plant viruses. Bacterial symbionts can influence aphid biology, e.g. by providing essential nutrients or facilitating adaptations to biotic and abiotic stress. RESULTS We investigated the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris) and its commonly associated secondary bacterial symbiont Serratia symbiotica to study the effect of this symbiont on host fitness and susceptibility to the insecticides imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos methyl, methomyl, cyantraniliprole and spirotetramat. There is emerging evidence that members of the genus Serratia can degrade and/or detoxify diverse insecticides. Therefore, we hypothesized that S. symbiotica may promote resistance to these artificial stress agents in aphids. Our results showed that Serratia-infected aphids were more susceptible to most of the tested insecticides than non-infected aphids. This probably reflects the severe fitness costs associated with S. symbiotica, which negatively affects development, reproduction and body weight. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that S. symbiotica plays an important role in the ability of aphid hosts to tolerate insecticides. These results provide insight into the potential changes in tolerance to insecticides in the field because there is a continuous and dynamic process of symbiont acquisition and loss that may directly affect host biology. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Skaljac
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Bioresources Project Group, Giessen, Germany
| | - Phillipp Kirfel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Bioresources Project Group, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jens Grotmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Bioresources Project Group, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Bioresources Project Group, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|