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Yadav S, Deepika, Moar K, Kumar A, Khola N, Pant A, Kakde GS, Maurya PK. Reconsidering red blood cells as the diagnostic potential for neurodegenerative disorders. Biol Cell 2024:e2400019. [PMID: 38822416 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202400019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red blood cells (RBCs) are usually considered simple cells and transporters of gases to tissues. HYPOTHESIS However, recent research has suggested that RBCs may have diagnostic potential in major neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). RESULTS This review summarizes the current knowledge on changes in RBC in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and other NDDs. It discusses the deposition of neuronal proteins like amyloid-β, tau, and α-synuclein, polyamines, changes in the proteins of RBCs like band-3, membrane transporter proteins, heat shock proteins, oxidative stress biomarkers, and altered metabolic pathways in RBCs during neurodegeneration. It also highlights the comparison of RBC diagnostic markers to other in-market diagnoses and discusses the challenges in utilizing RBCs as diagnostic tools, such as the need for standardized protocols and further validation studies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The evidence suggests that RBCs have diagnostic potential in neurodegenerative disorders, and this study can pave the foundation for further research which may lead to the development of novel diagnostic approaches and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somu Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Deepika
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Kareena Moar
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Akshay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Nikhila Khola
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Anuja Pant
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Ganseh S Kakde
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
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2
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Lopes CS, Pronto-Laborinho AC, Conceição VA, Freitas T, Matias GL, Gromicho M, Santos NC, de Carvalho M, Carvalho FA. Erythrocytes' surface properties and stiffness predict survival and functional decline in ALS patients. Biofactors 2024; 50:558-571. [PMID: 38149762 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Erythrocytes play a fundamental role in oxygen delivery to tissues and binding to inflammatory mediators. Evidences suggest that dysregulated erythrocyte function could contribute to the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to evaluate changes in morphological, biomechanical, and biophysical properties of erythrocytes from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, as new areas of study in this disease. Blood samples were collected from ALS patients, comparing with healthy volunteers. Erythrocytes were assessed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and zeta potential analysis. The patients' motor and respiratory functions were evaluated using the revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) and percentage of forced vital capacity (%FVC). Patient survival was also assessed. Erythrocyte surface roughness was significantly smoother in ALS patients, and this parameter was a predictor of faster decline in ALSFRS-R scores. ALS patients exhibited higher erythrocyte stiffness, as indicated by reduced AFM tip penetration depth, which predicted a faster ALSFRS-R score and respiratory subscore decay. A lower negative charge on the erythrocyte membrane was predictor of a faster ALSFRS-R and FVC decline. Additionally, a larger erythrocyte surface area was an independent predictor of lower survival. These changes in morphological and biophysical membrane properties of ALS patients' erythrocytes, lead to increased cell stiffness and morphological variations. We speculate that these changes might precipitate motoneurons dysfunction and accelerate disease progression. Further studies should explore the molecular alterations related to these observations. Our findings may contribute to dissect the complex interplay between respiratory function, tissue hypoxia, progression rate, and survival in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina S Lopes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Vasco A Conceição
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Freitas
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo L Matias
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Gromicho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno C Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mamede de Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte (CHULN), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filomena A Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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3
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Petrone P, Fortunato M, Paccagnini E, Gentile M, De Felice C, Lupetti P. A novel mini-invasive finger-prick protocol for preparing blood micro-samples for morphological analysis of human erythrocytes by scanning electron microscopy. Tissue Cell 2023; 84:102189. [PMID: 37549512 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe the development and optimization of a new protocol for the preparation and surface imaging by scanning electron microscope of human erythrocytes from blood micro-samples obtained by finger prick. By testing several key pre-analytical conditions for blood sampling, erythrocyte preservation, storage and imaging, we designed a rapid new minimally-invasive reproducible method for obtaining uniform deposition of an adequate number of erythrocytes with well-preserved morphology on a substrate. The possibility of obtaining reliable reproducible high resolution morphometric data on peripheral erythrocytes makes this protocol valuable for diagnostic and basic research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Petrone
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | | | | | | | - Claudio De Felice
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese (AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - Pietro Lupetti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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4
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Golczak A, Prukała D, Sikorska E, Gierszewski M, Cherkas V, Kwiatek D, Kubiak A, Varma N, Pędziński T, Murphree S, Cibulka R, Mrówczyńska L, Kolanowski JL, Sikorski M. Tetramethylalloxazines as efficient singlet oxygen photosensitizers and potential redox-sensitive agents. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13426. [PMID: 37591918 PMCID: PMC10435492 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetramethylalloxazines (TMeAll) have been found to have a high quantum yield of singlet oxygen generation when used as photosensitizers. Their electronic structure and transition energies (S0 → Si, S0 → Ti, T1 → Ti) were calculated using DFT and TD-DFT methods and compared to experimental absorption spectra. Generally, TMeAll display an energy diagram similar to other derivatives belonging to the alloxazine class of compounds, namely π,π* transitions are accompanied by closely located n,π* transitions. Photophysical data such as quantum yields of fluorescence, fluorescence lifetimes, and nonradiative rate constants were also studied in methanol (MeOH), acetonitrile (ACN), and 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE). The transient absorption spectra were also analyzed. To assess cytotoxicity of new compounds, a hemolytic assay was performed using human red blood cells (RBC) in vitro. Subsequently, fluorescence lifetime imaging experiments (FLIM) were performed on RBC under physiological and oxidative stress conditions alone or in the presence of TMeAll allowing for pinpointing changes caused by those compounds on the intracellular environment of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Golczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Prukała
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Sikorska
- Poznań University of Economics and Business, Al. Niepodległości 10, 61-875, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mateusz Gierszewski
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Volodymyr Cherkas
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Kwiatek
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - Adam Kubiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Naisargi Varma
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pędziński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Shaun Murphree
- Department of Chemistry, Allegheny College, 520 N. Main Street, Meadville, PA, USA
| | - Radek Cibulka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 5, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucyna Mrówczyńska
- Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Jacek Lukasz Kolanowski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Marek Sikorski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
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5
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Sánchez M, Suárez L, Banda G, Barreiro-Alonso E, Rodríguez-Uña I, Rubín JM, Cantabrana B. Age-associated polyamines in peripheral blood cells and plasma in 20 to 70 years of age subjects. Amino Acids 2023:10.1007/s00726-023-03269-2. [PMID: 37310532 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dietary polyamines have been associated with slowing ageing processes and various pathologies, raising the importance of establishing reference values at different ages throughout life. This study aimed to analyse age-dependent variations in polyamine content using peripheral blood cells and plasma in a healthy and homogeneous population. Peripheral blood of 193 volunteers of both sexes (20-70 years), selected by convenience, was processed to separate cells and plasma. A pre-column derivatization method was used to determine the amines by HPLC (nmol or pmol/mg protein or nmol/ml) to analyse their association with the age (continuous or ordinal in decades) of the subjects. Putrescine and spermine weakly declined significantly in mononuclear cells with age. In erythrocytes and plasma, putrescine showed an evident decrease in the 60-70-year-old group compared to the rest. The ratios between polyamines, mainly in erythrocytes, decreased in the 60-70 years age group and increased the ratio of putrescine in mononuclear cells/erythrocytes. The ratio of putrescine in mononuclear cells/erythrocytes was higher in the 60-70-year-old age group than in the rest. In a sample of subjects (20-29 vs. 60-70 years), whole blood polyamines were not significantly different when differences existed in erythrocytes. Polyamine homeostasis in blood cells and plasma changed with age. Putrescine declined in mononuclear cells and decreased in erythrocytes and plasma in the decade of the 60 s. Further studies should establish an age-dependent phenotype and whether polyamines' supplementation could restore the decreased values and be associated with long-term overall biological benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Sánchez
- Farmacología, Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, c/ Julián Clavería 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), c/ Fernando Bongera s/n, Edificio Santiago, Gascón Campus El Cristo B, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. de Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Lorena Suárez
- Farmacología, Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, c/ Julián Clavería 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), c/ Fernando Bongera s/n, Edificio Santiago, Gascón Campus El Cristo B, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. de Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gabriela Banda
- Farmacología, Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, c/ Julián Clavería 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eva Barreiro-Alonso
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), c/ Fernando Bongera s/n, Edificio Santiago, Gascón Campus El Cristo B, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. de Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
- Servicio de Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Av. Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Rodríguez-Uña
- Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica (FIO), Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (IUFV), Universidad de Oviedo, Av. Dres. Fernández-Vega 34, 33012, Oviedo, Spain
| | - José Manuel Rubín
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. de Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Av. de Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Begoña Cantabrana
- Farmacología, Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, c/ Julián Clavería 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), c/ Fernando Bongera s/n, Edificio Santiago, Gascón Campus El Cristo B, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. de Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
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6
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Ejaz S, Ali SMA, Zarif B, Shahid R, Ihsan A, Noor T, Imran M. Surface engineering of chitosan nanosystems and the impact of functionalized groups on the permeability of model drug across intestinal tissue. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124777. [PMID: 37169055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface attributes of nanocarriers are crucial to determine their fate in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Herein, we have functionalized chitosan with biochemical moieties including rhamnolipid (RL), curcumin (Cur) and mannose (M). FTIR spectra of functionalized chitosan nanocarriers (FCNCs) demonstrated successful conjugation of M, Cur and RL. The functional moieties influenced the entrapment of model drug i.e., coumarin-6 (C6) in FCNCs with payload-hosting and non-leaching behavior i.e., >91 ± 2.5 % with negligible cumulative release of <2 % for 5 h in KREB, which was further verified in the simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. Consequently, substantial difference in the size and zeta potential was observed for FCNCs with different biochemical moieties. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy of FCNCs displayed well-dispersed and spherical morphology. In addition, in vitro cytotoxicity results of FCNCs confirmed their hemocompatibility. In the ex-vivo rat intestinal models, FCNCs displayed a time-dependent-phenomenon in cellular-uptake and adherence. However, apparent-permeability-coefficient and flux values were in the order of C6-RL-FCNCs > C6-M-FCNCs > C6-Cur-FCNCs = C6-CNCs > Free-C6. Furthermore, the transepithelial electrical resistance revealed the FCNCs mediated recovery of membrane-integrity with reversible tight junctions opening. Thus, FCNCs have the potential to overcome the poor solubility and/or permeability issues of active pharmaceutical ingredients and transform the impact of functionalized-nanomedicines in the biomedical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Ejaz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Afroz Ali
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bina Zarif
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ramla Shahid
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Ihsan
- Nanobiotechnology Group, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Noor
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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7
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Kosenko E, Tikhonova L, Alilova G, Montoliu C. Erythrocytes Functionality in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Potential Link with Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5739. [PMID: 36982809 PMCID: PMC10051442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly spreading acute respiratory infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. The pathogenesis of the disease remains unclear. Recently, several hypotheses have emerged to explain the mechanism of interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and erythrocytes, and its negative effect on the oxygen-transport function that depends on erythrocyte metabolism, which is responsible for hemoglobin-oxygen affinity (Hb-O2 affinity). In clinical settings, the modulators of the Hb-O2 affinity are not currently measured to assess tissue oxygenation, thereby providing inadequate evaluation of erythrocyte dysfunction in the integrated oxygen-transport system. To discover more about hypoxemia/hypoxia in COVID-19 patients, this review highlights the need for further investigation of the relationship between biochemical aberrations in erythrocytes and oxygen-transport efficiency. Furthermore, patients with severe COVID-19 experience symptoms similar to Alzheimer's, suggesting that their brains have been altered in ways that increase the likelihood of Alzheimer's. Mindful of the partly assessed role of structural, metabolic abnormalities that underlie erythrocyte dysfunction in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we further summarize the available data showing that COVID-19 neurocognitive impairments most probably share similar patterns with known mechanisms of brain dysfunctions in AD. Identification of parameters responsible for erythrocyte function that vary under SARS-CoV-2 may contribute to the search for additional components of progressive and irreversible failure in the integrated oxygen-transport system leading to tissue hypoperfusion. This is particularly relevant for the older generation who experience age-related disorders of erythrocyte metabolism and are prone to AD, and provide an opportunity for new personalized therapies to control this deadly infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kosenko
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Lyudmila Tikhonova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Gubidat Alilova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Carmina Montoliu
- Hospital Clinico Research Foundation, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Scanning Electron and Atomic Force Microscopic Analysis of Erythrocytes in a Cohort of Atopic Asthma Patients—A Pilot Study. HEMATO 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/hemato4010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Background: Non-communicable diseases are often associated with chronic inflammation, placing patients suffering from these conditions at a higher risk of thrombosis and other complications. The pathophysiology of asthma and/or atopic asthma is also linked to chronic inflammation, which consequently may alter blood parameters including erythrocyte structure and function. Methodology: The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in erythrocytes between patients with atopic asthma (n = 30) and healthy individuals (n = 30) by evaluating routine haematological parameters; structures and axial ratios of erythrocytes using light microscopy; erythrocyte membrane elasticity using atomic force microscopy; and erythrocyte ultrastructure using scanning electron microscopy. Results: The haematological findings of healthy participants and patients suffering from asthma were within normal clinical ranges together with significantly higher levels of circulating monocytes (p = 0.0066), erythrocytes (p = 0.0004), haemoglobin (p = 0.0057), and haematocrit (p = 0.0049) in asthma patients. The analysis of eosin-stained erythrocytes by light microscopy showed more echinocytes, acanthocytes, and ovalocytes compared to controls and a significant difference in axial ratios (p < 0.0001). Atomic force microscopy findings showed reduced erythrocyte membrane elasticity in asthmatic erythrocytes (p = 0.001). Ultrastructural differences in erythrocytes were visible in the asthma group compared to controls. Conclusion: Altered erythrocyte ultrastructural morphology and a significant change in the haematological profile are evident in atopic asthma and may influence common complications associated with asthma. The impact of these changes on the physiological mechanisms of coagulation and the pathophysiology of asthma needs to be further elucidated.
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9
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A mathematical model of fibrinogen-mediated erythrocyte-erythrocyte adhesion. Commun Biol 2023; 6:192. [PMID: 36801914 PMCID: PMC9938206 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04560-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythrocytes are deformable cells that undergo progressive biophysical and biochemical changes affecting the normal blood flow. Fibrinogen, one of the most abundant plasma proteins, is a primary determinant for changes in haemorheological properties, and a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In this study, the adhesion between human erythrocytes is measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and its effect observed by micropipette aspiration technique, in the absence and presence of fibrinogen. These experimental data are then used in the development of a mathematical model to examine the biomedical relevant interaction between two erythrocytes. Our designed mathematical model is able to explore the erythrocyte-erythrocyte adhesion forces and changes in erythrocyte morphology. AFM erythrocyte-erythrocyte adhesion data show that the work and detachment force necessary to overcome the adhesion between two erythrocytes increase in the presence of fibrinogen. The changes in erythrocyte morphology, the strong cell-cell adhesion and the slow separation of the two cells are successfully followed in the mathematical simulation. Erythrocyte-erythrocyte adhesion forces and energies are quantified and matched with experimental data. The changes observed on erythrocyte-erythrocyte interactions may give important insights about the pathophysiological relevance of fibrinogen and erythrocyte aggregation in hindering microcirculatory blood flow.
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10
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Sierakowska A, Jasiewicz B, Piosik Ł, Mrówczyńska L. New C8-substituted caffeine derivatives as promising antioxidants and cytoprotective agents in human erythrocytes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1785. [PMID: 36720903 PMCID: PMC9888743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
New structurally diverse groups of C8-substituted caffeine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their chemical and biological properties. Mass spectrometry, FT-IR, and NMR characterizations of these derivatives were performed. The cytotoxic activity of the derivatives was estimated in vitro using human red blood cells (RBC) and in silico pharmacokinetic studies. The antioxidant capacity of the compounds was analyzed using a ferrous ion chelating activity assay. The ability of the derivatives to protect RBC from oxidative damage, including the oxidation of hemoglobin to methemoglobin, was assessed using a water-soluble 2,2'-azobis(2-methyl-propionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH) as a standard inducer of peroxyl radicals. The level of intracellular oxidative stress was assessed using the fluorescent redox probe 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA). The results indicate that all derivatives are biocompatible compounds with significant antioxidant and cytoprotective potential dependent on their chemical structure. In order to explain the antioxidant and cytoprotective activity of the derivatives, a mechanism of hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), radical adduct formation (RAF), or single electron transfer (SET), as well as the specific interactions of the derivatives with the lipid bilayer of RBC membrane, have been proposed. The results show that selected modifications of the caffeine molecule enhance its antioxidant properties, which expands our knowledge of the structure-activity relationship of caffeine-based cytoprotective compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arleta Sierakowska
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Beata Jasiewicz
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Piosik
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Lucyna Mrówczyńska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
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11
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Pereira-Veiga T, Bravo S, Gómez-Tato A, Yáñez-Gómez C, Abuín C, Varela V, Cueva J, Palacios P, Dávila-Ibáñez AB, Piñeiro R, Vilar A, Chantada-Vázquez MDP, López-López R, Costa C. Red Blood Cells Protein Profile Is Modified in Breast Cancer Patients. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100435. [PMID: 36519745 PMCID: PMC9713370 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of death for most breast cancer (BC) patients who succumb to the disease. During the hematogenous dissemination, circulating tumor cells interact with different blood components. Thus, there are microenvironmental and systemic processes contributing to cancer regulation. We have recently published that red blood cells (RBCs) that accompany circulating tumor cells have prognostic value in metastatic BC patients. RBC alterations are related to several diseases. Although the principal known role is gas transport, it has been recently assigned additional functions as regulatory cells on circulation. Hence, to explore their potential contribution to tumor progression, we characterized the proteomic composition of RBCs from 53 BC patients from stages I to III and IV, compared with 33 cancer-free controls. In this work, we observed that RBCs from BC patients showed a different proteomic profile compared to cancer-free controls and between different tumor stages. The differential proteins were mainly related to extracellular components, proteasome, and metabolism. Embryonic hemoglobins, not expected in adults' RBCs, were detected in BC patients. Besides, lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 emerge as a new RBCs marker with diagnostic and prognostic potential for metastatic BC patients. Seemingly, RBCs are acquiring modifications in their proteomic composition that probably represents the systemic cancer disease, conditioned by the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Pereira-Veiga
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Susana Bravo
- Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias-IDIS, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Gómez-Tato
- CITMAga, University of Santiago de Compostela (Campus Vida), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Celso Yáñez-Gómez
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Abuín
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vanesa Varela
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan Cueva
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Patricia Palacios
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana B Dávila-Ibáñez
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Piñeiro
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Vilar
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Del Pilar Chantada-Vázquez
- Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias-IDIS, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rafael López-López
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Clotilde Costa
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Ke Z, Wang D, Wu Z. Separate and combined effects of cadmium (Cd) and nonylphenol (NP) on growth and antioxidative enzymes in Hydrocharis dubia (Bl.) Backer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:78913-78925. [PMID: 35699882 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is considered a priority pollutant, and nonylphenol (NP) is a common organic pollutant in water environments. However, the ecological risks of combined Cd and NP pollution have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the effects of Cd, NP, and Cd-NP on the growth and physiology of Hydrocharis dubia (Bl.) Backer were studied. The results indicated that Cd-NP joint toxicity is concentration-dependent. The joint toxicity of Cd and NP on H. dubia was antagonistic when the concentrations of Cd + NP were 0.01 + 0.1/1 mg/L. At 0.5 + 0.1/1 mg/L, Cd and NP had a strong synergistic effect on H. dubia. In addition, plant growth was significantly inhibited, and the chlorophyll contents were significantly reduced under Cd, NP, or Cd-NP exposure. The plant's antioxidant enzyme system was destroyed. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly decreased under NP-only exposure. The activity of SOD was significantly decreased under Cd-only and under joint exposure. Compound pollution exceeded the oxidative defense capacity of the plants, so the H2O2 content increased significantly. Our results indicated that the ecotoxicity of NP combined with Cd may be exacerbated in aquatic environments and cause obvious damage to H. dubia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ke
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghan Wang
- Huazhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Xiangyang, 441002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Cyboran-Mikołajczyk S, Bonarska-Kujawa D, Męczarska K, Krawczyk-Łebek A, Kostrzewa-Susłow E. Novel O-Methylglucoside Derivatives of Flavanone in Interaction with Model Membrane and Transferrin. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:978. [PMID: 36295737 PMCID: PMC9609356 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids were biotransformed using various microorganisms, in order to obtain new compounds with potentially high biological activity. The aim of this work was to determine and compare the biological activity of four novel 6-methylflavanone O-methylglucosides. The tested compounds have the same flavonoid core structure and an attached O-methylglucose and hydroxyl group at different positions of ring A or B. The studies on their biological activity were conducted in relation to phosphatidylcholine membrane, erythrocytes and their membrane, and with human transferrin. These studies determined the compounds' toxicity and their impact on the physical properties of the membranes. Furthermore, the binding ability of the compounds to holo-transferrin was investigated. The obtained results indicate that used compounds bind to erythrocytes, change their shape and decrease osmotic fragility but do not disrupt the membrane structure. Furthermore, the used compounds ordered the area of the polar heads of lipids and increased membrane fluidity. However, the results indicate the binding of these compounds in the hydrophilic region of the membranes, like other flavonoid glycosides. The used flavanones formed complexes with transferrin without inducing conformational changes in the protein's structure. The relationship between their molecular structure and biological activity was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Cyboran-Mikołajczyk
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dorota Bonarska-Kujawa
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Męczarska
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Krawczyk-Łebek
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Edyta Kostrzewa-Susłow
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
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14
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Loyola-Leyva A, Loyola-Rodríguez JP, Barquera S, González FJ, Camacho-Lopez S, Terán-Figueroa Y. Differences in erythrocytes size and shape in prediabetes and diabetes assessed by two microscopy techniques and its association with dietary patterns. Pilot study. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:3726-3735. [PMID: 36165223 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hemorheology and microcirculation alterations are caused by erythrocyte size and shape (ESS) modifications. People´s diets can alter erythrocyte functions and membrane fluidity by changing cell membrane components. The aim was to identify differences in ESS obtained by scanning electron (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and assess their relationship with dietary patterns. The study population included 31 participants (14 healthy, 11 with prediabetes, and 6 with T2DM). Dietary intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were obtained using principal component analysis. ESS (diameter, height, axial ratio, thickness, and concave depth) were obtained by SEM and AFM. Differences in ESS between groups were observed with SEM (height) and AFM (height, axial ratio, and concave depth). T2DM presented smaller erythrocytes, more elongated and more altered forms. Two dietary patterns were identified: (1) Unhealthy: more refined cereals, high-fat dairy, fast food, sugary beverages, and fewer fruits, fish, seafood, low-fat dairy, and water. (2) Prudent: higher consumption of refined cereals, vegetables, poultry, low-fat dairy and nuts, and lower tortillas, eggs, high-fat dairy, and legumes. Tertile 3 of the Unhealthy dietary pattern had 80% of healthy participants. A difference in diameter and height (0.44 and 0.32 μm, respectively) obtained by SEM was observed when comparing tertile 2 (smaller erythrocytes) versus tertile 3 in the Unhealthy dietary pattern. SEM and AFM are excellent tools to assess ESS. Unhealthy dietary patterns might be associated with altered ESS. HIGHLIGHTS: SEM and AFM are excellent tools to assess erythrocyte size and shape modifications. Two dietary patterns were identified: healthy and prudent. Smaller erythrocytes were observed in the second tertile of the unhealthy pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Loyola-Leyva
- Terahertz Science and Technology National Lab, Coordination for Innovation and Application of Science and Technology (Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y Tecnología, CIACyT), San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | | | - Simon Barquera
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health (Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública), Morelos, Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier González
- Terahertz Science and Technology National Lab, Coordination for Innovation and Application of Science and Technology (Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y Tecnología, CIACyT), San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Santiago Camacho-Lopez
- Department of Optics, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada (Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Terán-Figueroa
- Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí (Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, UASLP), San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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15
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Angiotensin System Modulations in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and Consequences on Erythrocyte Properties; Action of MLN-4760 and Zofenopril. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121902. [PMID: 34944718 PMCID: PMC8698991 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Various pathologies (COVID-19 including) are associated with abnormalities in erythrocyte properties. Hypertension represents an unfavorable condition for erythrocyte quality and is the most prevalent risk factor in COVID-19 patients. ACE2 downregulation that is typical of these patients can further deteriorate cardiovascular health; however, its consequences on erythrocyte properties are not known yet. The aim was to investigate the effect of ACE2 inhibition and the potential beneficial effect of zofenopril on erythrocytes in spontaneously hypertensive rats. ACE2 inhibition induced by MLN-4760 (1 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks) led to deterioration of erythrocyte morphology and osmotic resistance, but plasma markers of oxidative stress, erythrocyte deformability, nitric oxide production and Na,K-ATPase activity were not significantly affected. Zofenopril administration (10 mg/kg/day, initiated after 4-day-lasting ACE2 inhibition) resulted in unexpected increase in angiotensin II plasma levels in both control and ACE-inhibited spontaneously hypertensive rats, but in normalization of osmotic resistance in ACE2-inhibited rats. The overall effect of zofenopril on erythrocyte qualities could be evaluated as beneficial.
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16
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In vitro effect of high glucose concentrations on erythrocyte morphology assessed by scanning electron microscopy. Micron 2021; 154:103179. [PMID: 34895961 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2021.103179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the in vitro effect of different glucose concentrations and the time series in erythrocyte cell viability and morphology parameters. METHODS Different glucose concentrations were assessed, from a normal physiological glucose concentration (5 mM) to a diabetes scenario (100 mM). Cell viability was obtained by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. The erythrocyte morphology (diameter, height, and axial ratio) was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS A significant decrease in cell viability was observed in erythrocytes with higher glucose concentration (100 mM). There was also a significant increase in the cells' diameter and height exposed to 100 mM, vs. those cultured with 5, 20, and 45 mM glucose, but only at 24 and 48 h. When comparing the same glucose concentration by a time series, it was observed that erythrocytes from the culture with 45 and 100 mM of glucose had a significant continuous decrease (approximately -0.40 μm) in diameter and height (24, 48, and 72 h), but there was no difference in the axial ratio observed. CONCLUSION Continuous exposure to high glucose concentrations in diabetes models produced less cell viability and changes in erythrocyte morphology (larger and scrambled cells), which in vivo might impact in microvascular complications.
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17
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Shang Y, He D, Chen J. Distribution of complete blood count constituents in gestational diabetes mellitus. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26301. [PMID: 34115037 PMCID: PMC8202579 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TRIAL DESIGN The incidence rate of gestational diabetes is high. In the long run, it harms the health of both the mother and child. In order to understand the distribution of hematological cells with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a longitudinal cohort study was conducted from 2012 to 2018. METHODS A longitudinal case control study of 1860 pregnant women was conducted between 2012 and 2018. Data of hematological parameters at 11 time points of gestational stage were obtained from a laboratory database. Repeated measures analysis and independent t-test were used to analyze the effect of the hematological parameters on GDM. RESULTS The trend of blood cells fluctuated with gestational age in normal controls but was more remarkable in GDM. Compared with the controls, blood neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes augmented in the second trimester but decreased in the third trimester; platelet (PLT) and thrombocytocrit increased throughout the three trimesters, and red blood cell (RBC) was abundant in the last 2 trimesters in GDM. CONCLUSIONS Peripheral blood leukocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes were significantly different during gestation between GDM and normal controls. Inflammation may also be involved in GMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Limin Zhao
- Scientific Research Management Department, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen
| | - Yanyan Shang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou
| | - Dabao He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory
| | - Jiying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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18
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Chen Y, Pan Y, Feng Y, Li D, Man J, Feng L, Zhang D, Chen H, Chen H. Role of glucose in the repair of cell membrane damage during squeeze distortion of erythrocytes in microfluidic capillaries. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:896-903. [PMID: 33432946 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00411a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of portable precision detection methods and the crisis of insufficient blood supply worldwide has led scientists to study mechanical visualization features beyond the biochemical properties of erythrocytes. Combined evaluation of currently known biochemical biomarkers and mechanical morphological biomarkers will become the mainstream of single-cell detection in the future. To explore the mechanical morphology of erythrocytes, a microfluidic capillary system was constructed in vitro, with flow velocity and glucose concentration as the main variables, and the morphology and ability of erythrocytes to recover from deformation as the main objects of analysis. We showed the mechanical distortion of erythrocytes under various experimental conditions. Our results showed that glucose plays important roles in improving the ability of erythrocytes to recover from deformation and in repairing the damage caused to the cell membrane during the repeated squeeze process. These protective effects were also confirmed in in vivo experiments. Our results provide visual detection markers for single-cell chips and may be useful for future studies in cell aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Mechanical Engineering Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. and School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Bionic and Micro-Nano Systems, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yunfan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Mechanical Engineering Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yuzhen Feng
- Moleculaire Biofysica, Zernike Institute, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Donghai Li
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R China
| | - Jia Man
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of MOE, School of Mechanical Engineering, Key National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China
| | - Lin Feng
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Bionic and Micro-Nano Systems, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Deyuan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Bionic and Micro-Nano Systems, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Huawei Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Bionic and Micro-Nano Systems, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Haosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Mechanical Engineering Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Failure of CD4 T Cell-Deficient Hosts To Control Chronic Nontyphoidal Salmonella Infection Leads to Exacerbated Inflammation, Chronic Anemia, and Altered Myelopoiesis. Infect Immun 2020; 89:IAI.00417-20. [PMID: 33046510 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00417-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunocompromised patients are more susceptible to recurrent nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) bacteremia. A key manifestation of HIV infection is the loss of CD4 T cells, which are crucial for immunity to Salmonella infection. We characterized the consequences of CD4 T cell depletion in mice where virulent Salmonella establish chronic infection, similar to chronic NTS disease in humans. Salmonella-infected, CD4-depleted 129X1/SvJ mice remained chronically colonized for at least 5 weeks, displaying increased splenomegaly and more severe splenitis than infected mice with CD4 T cells. Mature erythrocytes, immature erythroid cells, and phagocytes accounted for the largest increase in splenic cellularity. Anemia, which is associated with increased mortality in Salmonella-infected humans, was exacerbated by CD4 depletion in infected mice and was accompanied by increased splenic sequestration of erythrocytes and fewer erythropoietic elements in the bone marrow, despite significantly elevated levels of circulating erythropoietin. Splenic sequestration of red blood cells, the appearance of circulating poikilocytes, and elevated proinflammatory cytokines suggest inflammation-induced damage to erythrocytes contributes to anemia and splenic retention of damaged cells in infected animals. Depleting CD4 T cells led to increased myeloid cells in peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow, as well as expansion of CD8 T cells, which has been observed in CD4-depleted humans. This work describes a mouse model of Salmonella infection that recapitulates several aspects of human disease and will allow us to investigate the interplay of innate and adaptive immune functions with chronic inflammation, anemia, and susceptibility to Salmonella infection.
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Dias GF, Grobe N, Rogg S, Jörg DJ, Pecoits-Filho R, Moreno-Amaral AN, Kotanko P. The Role of Eryptosis in the Pathogenesis of Renal Anemia: Insights From Basic Research and Mathematical Modeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:598148. [PMID: 33363152 PMCID: PMC7755649 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.598148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBC) are the most abundant cells in the blood. Despite powerful defense systems against chemical and mechanical stressors, their life span is limited to about 120 days in healthy humans and further shortened in patients with kidney failure. Changes in the cell membrane potential and cation permeability trigger a cascade of events that lead to exposure of phosphatidylserine on the outer leaflet of the RBC membrane. The translocation of phosphatidylserine is an important step in a process that eventually results in eryptosis, the programmed death of an RBC. The regulation of eryptosis is complex and involves several cellular pathways, such as the regulation of non-selective cation channels. Increased cytosolic calcium concentration results in scramblase and floppase activation, exposing phosphatidylserine on the cell surface, leading to early clearance of RBCs from the circulation by phagocytic cells. While eryptosis is physiologically meaningful to recycle iron and other RBC constituents in healthy subjects, it is augmented under pathological conditions, such as kidney failure. In chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, the number of eryptotic RBC is significantly increased, resulting in a shortened RBC life span that further compounds renal anemia. In CKD patients, uremic toxins, oxidative stress, hypoxemia, and inflammation contribute to the increased eryptosis rate. Eryptosis may have an impact on renal anemia, and depending on the degree of shortened RBC life span, the administration of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents is often insufficient to attain desired hemoglobin target levels. The goal of this review is to indicate the importance of eryptosis as a process closely related to life span reduction, aggravating renal anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Ferreira Dias
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Renal Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nadja Grobe
- Renal Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sabrina Rogg
- Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - David J. Jörg
- Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - Roberto Pecoits-Filho
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Peter Kotanko
- Renal Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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21
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Loyola-Leyva A, Loyola-Rodríguez JP, Terán-Figueroa Y, Camacho-Lopez S, González FJ, Barquera S. Application of atomic force microscopy to assess erythrocytes morphology in early stages of diabetes. A pilot study. Micron 2020; 141:102982. [PMID: 33227627 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2020.102982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The study aim was to assess the application of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to evaluate erythrocyte morphology in early stages of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the association with biochemical, anthropometric, diet, and physical activity indicators. This was a pilot cross-sectional study with four groups: healthy individuals, people with prediabetes (PDG), metabolic syndrome (MSG), and diabetes mellitus group (DMG). Blood samples were obtained to assess the erythrocyte morphology and biochemical parameters. Anthropometrical measurements were taken. Besides, a diet and a physical activity questionnaire were applied. The evaluation of the erythrocyte morphology through the AFM showed quantitative and qualitative alterations in the cell's form and size. Compared to the healthy group, the PDG had a reduction in height (-0.80 μm, p < 0.05), and an increase in axial ratio (-0.09 μm, p < 0.05); the MSG had lower concave depth (-0.19 μm, p < 0.05); and the DMG had a decreased height (-0.46 μm, p < 0.05) and concave depth (-0.29 μm, p < 0.05), and higher axial ratio (+0.08 μm) and thickness (+0.32 μm, p < 0.05). The PDG vs. DMG had a statistically significant difference in concave depth (+0.23 μm, p < 0.05) and thickness (-0.26 μm, p < 0.05). The MSG was different than the DMG in variables like axial ratio (-0.05 μm) and thickness (-0.25 μm). Besides, higher values of age, HbA1c, triglycerides, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and physical inactivity were associated with altered erythrocyte morphology. AFM is a promising instrument to assess early but subtle changes in erythrocyte morphology (height, axial ratio, concave depth, thickness) before significant pathological conditions, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. HbA1c might have a major effect in altered morphology, vs. metabolic parameters like high triglycerides, body mass index, waist, and physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Loyola-Leyva
- Coordination for Innovation and Application of Science and Technology (Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y Tecnología, CIACyT), Avenida Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, Mexico.
| | - Juan Pablo Loyola-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Dentistry, Popular Autonomous University of the State of Puebla, 21 sur 1103, Barrio de Santiago, 72410, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - Yolanda Terán-Figueroa
- Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí (Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí), Lateral Av. Salvador Nava, Lomas, 78290, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, Mexico.
| | - Santiago Camacho-Lopez
- Department of Optics, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada (Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3918. Zona Playitas, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Francisco Javier González
- Coordination for Innovation and Application of Science and Technology (Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y Tecnología, CIACyT), Avenida Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, Mexico.
| | - Simón Barquera
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research. National Institute of Public Health. Address: Av. Universidad No.655 Col Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlán. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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22
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Podsiedlik M, Markowicz-Piasecka M, Sikora J. Erythrocytes as model cells for biocompatibility assessment, cytotoxicity screening of xenobiotics and drug delivery. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 332:109305. [PMID: 33130048 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Erythrocytes (RBCs) represent the main cell component in circulation and recently have become a topic of intensive scientific interest. The relevance of erythrocytes as a model for cytotoxicity screening of xenobiotics is under the spotlight of this review. Erythrocytes constitute a fundamental cellular model to study potential interactions with blood components of manifold novel polymer or biomaterials. Morphological changes, subsequent disruption of RBC membrane integrity, and hemolysis could be used to determine the cytotoxicity of various compounds. Erythrocytes undergo a programmed death (eryptosis) which could serve as a good model for evaluating certain mechanisms which correspond to apoptosis taking place in nucleated cells. Importantly, erythrocytes can be successfully used as a valuable cellular model in examination of oxidative stress generated by certain diseases or multiple xenobiotics since red cells are subjected to permanent oxidative stress. Additionally, the antioxidant capacity of erythrocytes, and the activity of anti-oxidative enzymes could reflect reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating properties of various substances and allow to determine their effects on tissues. The last part of this review presents the latest findings on the possible application of RBCs as drug delivery systems (DDS). In conclusion, all these findings make erythrocytes highly valuable cells for in vitro biocompatibility assessment, cytotoxicity screening of a wide variety of substances as well as drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Podsiedlik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Markowicz-Piasecka
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Joanna Sikora
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland.
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23
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Kwiatek D, Mrówczyńska L, Stopikowska N, Runowski M, Lesicki A, Lis S. Surface Modification of Luminescent Ln III Fluoride Core-Shell Nanoparticles with Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin): Synthesis, Spectroscopic and in Vitro Hemocompatibility Studies. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1490-1496. [PMID: 32510839 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Luminescent lanthanide fluoride core-shell (LaF3 :Tb3+ ,Ce3+ @SiO2 -NH2 ) nanoparticles, with acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) coated on the surface have been obtained. The synthesized products, which combine the potential located in the silica shell with the luminescent activity of the core, were characterized in detail with the use of luminescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. The in vitro effects of the modified luminescent nanoparticles on human red blood cell (RBC) membrane permeability, RBC shape, and sedimentation rate were investigated to assess the hemocompatibility of the obtained compounds. This study demonstrates that LaF3 : Tb3+ 5 %, Ce3+ 10 %@SiO2 -NH2 nanoparticles with acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) coated on the surface are very good precursors for multifunctional drug-delivery systems or bio-imaging probes that can be used safely in potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kwiatek
- Department of Rare Earths, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.,Current address, Department of Molecular Probes and Prodrugs, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Z., Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznań, Poland
| | - Lucyna Mrówczyńska
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Natalia Stopikowska
- Department of Rare Earths, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Runowski
- Department of Rare Earths, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Lesicki
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Stefan Lis
- Department of Rare Earths, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
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24
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Jackson BS, Nunes Goncalves J, Pretorius E. Comparison of pathological clotting using haematological, functional and morphological investigations in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with deep vein thrombosis. Retrovirology 2020; 17:14. [PMID: 32571345 PMCID: PMC7310079 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-020-00523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are more prone to systemic inflammation and pathological clotting, and many may develop deep vein thrombosis (DVT) as a result of this dysregulated inflammatory profile. Coagulation tests are not routinely performed unless there is a specific reason. METHODS We recruited ten healthy control subjects, 35 HIV negative patients with deep vein thrombosis (HIV negative-DVT), and 13 HIV patients with DVT (HIV positive-DVT) on the primary antiretroviral therapy (ARV) regimen-emtricitabine, tenofovir and efavirenz. Serum inflammatory markers, haematological results, viscoelastic properties using thromboelastography (TEG) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of whole blood (WB) were used to compare the groups. RESULTS The DVT patients (HIV positive and HIV negative) had raised inflammatory markers. The HIV positive-DVT group had anaemia in keeping with anaemia of chronic disorders. DVT patients had a hypercoagulable profile on the TEG but no significant difference between HIV negative-DVT and HIV positive-DVT groups. The TEG analysis compared well and supported our ultrastructural results. Scanning electron microscopy of DVT patient's red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets demonstrated inflammatory changes including abnormal cell shapes, irregular membranes and microparticle formation. All the ultrastructural changes were more prominent in the HIV positive-DVT patients. CONCLUSIONS Although there were trends that HIV-positive patients were more hypercoagulable on functional tests (viscoelastic profile) compared to HIV-negative patients, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups. The sample size was, however, small in number. Morphologically there were inflammatory changes in patients with DVT. These ultrastructural changes, specifically with regard to platelets, appear more pronounced in HIV-positive patients which may contribute to increased risk for hypercoagulability and deep vein thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S Jackson
- Department of Surgery, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa
| | | | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
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25
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Janse van Rensburg M, van Rooy MJ, Bester MJ, Oberholzer HM. Ultrastructural alterations of whole blood by copper, manganese and mercury metal mixtures using a chronic in vivo model of coagulation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 75:103314. [PMID: 31881365 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Globally, contamination of drinking water by heavy metals is increasing and poses a potential hazard to human health. Data on heavy metal mixtures and their effects on thrombosis are limited. The objective of this study was to determine the in vivo effects that copper, manganese and mercury, alone and in mixtures, have on clotting potential. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight groups, dependent on the type of heavy metal/s administered. The dosages were calculated at X100 the World Health Organisation limits in drinking water and orally administered for 28 days, at the University of Pretoria in 2018. Heavy metal induced morphological alterations of erythrocytes, platelets and fibrin networks were evaluated, using scanning electron microscopy. The manganese and mercury mixture had the greatest thrombotic potential by inducing acanthocyte and echinocyte formation, generating highly activated platelets with spontaneous fibrin formation and forming a disorganised fibrin network. In conclusion, chronic or single high dosage exposure to these heavy metals can potentially induce or contribute to thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine Janse van Rensburg
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa.
| | - Mia-Jeanne van Rooy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa.
| | - Megan Jean Bester
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa.
| | - Hester Magdalena Oberholzer
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa.
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26
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Visser MJ, Pretorius E. Atomic Force Microscopy: The Characterisation of Amyloid Protein Structure in Pathology. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 19:2958-2973. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191121143240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
:
Proteins are versatile macromolecules that perform a variety of functions and participate in
virtually all cellular processes. The functionality of a protein greatly depends on its structure and alterations
may result in the development of diseases. Most well-known of these are protein misfolding disorders,
which include Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus, where
soluble proteins transition into insoluble amyloid fibrils. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is capable of
providing a topographical map of the protein and/or its aggregates, as well as probing the nanomechanical
properties of a sample. Moreover, AFM requires relatively simple sample preparation, which presents
the possibility of combining this technique with other research modalities, such as confocal laser
scanning microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and stimulated emission depletion microscopy. In this review,
the basic principles of AFM are discussed, followed by a brief overview of how it has been applied
in biological research. Finally, we focus specifically on its use as a characterisation method to
study protein structure at the nanoscale in pathophysiological conditions, considering both molecules
implicated in disease pathogenesis and the plasma protein fibrinogen. In conclusion, AFM is a userfriendly
tool that supplies multi-parametric data, rendering it a most valuable technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J.E. Visser
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
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27
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Jasenovec T, Radosinska D, Celusakova H, Filcikova D, Babinska K, Ostatnikova D, Radosinska J. Erythrocyte deformability in children with autism spectrum disorder: correlation with clinical features. Physiol Res 2019; 68:S307-S313. [PMID: 31928048 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomechanical properties of erythrocytes play an important role in health and disease. Deformability represents intrinsic property of erythrocytes to undergo deformation that is crucial for their passage through the narrow capillaries. The erythrocyte damage can lead to compromised tissue perfusion and consequently play a role in the pathogenesis of various diseases including neurological ones. Data available in databases indicate that erythrocytes in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are altered. This may affect the clinical symptoms of ASD. The aim of our study was to determine erythrocyte deformability in 54 children with ASD and correlate it with clinical symptoms. We found significant negative correlation between erythrocyte deformability and score in C domain of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) diagnostic tool describing the measure of restrictive, repetitive, and stereotyped behaviors and interests, mainly observable in C1 and C2, but not in C3 and C4 subdomains. This supports the findings of other authors and suggest that behavioral domain C comprises of more subcategories with different underlying etiology. Our results also indicate that abnormalities in erythrocyte deformability may be involved in ASD pathomechanisms and contribute to its clinical manifestation. Further research is necessary to bring more data and identify erythrocyte deformability as prognostic biomarker in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jasenovec
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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28
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de Villiers S, Bester J, Kell DB, Pretorius E. A Possible Role of Amyloidogenic Blood Clotting in the Evolving Haemodynamics of Female Migraine-With-Aura: Results From a Pilot Study. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1262. [PMID: 31849822 PMCID: PMC6887655 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Migraine is a debilitating primary headache disorder with a poorly understood aetiology. An extensive body of literature supports the theory of migraine as a systemic vascular inflammatory disorder characterised by endothelial dysfunction. It is also well-known that chronic inflammation results in an excessive burden of oxidative stress and therefore cellular dysfunction. In this study the effects of excessive oxidative stress through the phases of female migraine-with-aura (FMA) were evaluated by examining the health of the systems of haemostasis. Methods: Blood was obtained from 11 FMA patients at baseline and during the headache phase of migraine, as well as from 8 healthy age-matched female controls. Samples were analysed using thromboelastography (TEG) to evaluate viscoelastic profiles, light microscopy for erythrocyte morphology, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for erythrocyte and fibrin clot structure, confocal microscopy for β-amyloid detection in fibrin clots. Results: Viscoelastic profiles from platelet poor plasma showed decreased clot reaction times in FMA at baseline (95% CI [5.56, 8.41]) vs. control (95% CI [7.22, 11.68]); as well as decreased time to maximum thrombus generation for the same comparison (95% CI [6.78, 10.20] vs. [8.90, 12.96]). Morphological analysis of erythrocytes indicated widespread macrocytosis, poikilocytosis and eryptosis in the migraineurs. Analysis of fibrin networks indicated that this hypercoagulability may be a result of aberrant fibrin polymerisation kinetics caused by the adoption of a β-amyloid conformation of fibrin(ogen). Conclusion: The results reaffirm the hypercoagulable state in migraine, and would suggest that this state is most likely a result of a systemic inflammatory state which induces oxidative damage to both erythrocytes and fibrin(ogen) in female episodic migraine-with-aura. Furthermore, if the amylodogenic changes to fibrin(ogen) were observed in a larger cohort, this would support theories of micro-embolisation in migraine-with-aura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulette de Villiers
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Janette Bester
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Douglas B Kell
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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29
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de Bruin W, Kritzinger Q, Bornman R, Korsten L. Occurrence, fate and toxic effects of the industrial endocrine disrupter, nonylphenol, on plants - A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 181:419-427. [PMID: 31220782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP) and its detrimental effects on the environment, humans, wildlife, fish and birds is an increasingly important global research focus. The number of investigations on the toxicity and metabolic fate of NP in plants is however limited. This paper reviews the prevalence and source of NP in plants and the effect it has on its morphological, physiological and ultrastructural status. Fruit and vegetables have been found to contain levels of NP that is twenty-fold exceeding the no observable effect level (NOEL) of freshwater algae. Apart from the potential risk this poses to the health of consumers, it can overburden the plant's natural defence system, leading to growth disorders. Plants exposed to NP show signs of overall growth reduction, changes in organelle structure and oxidative damage. These adverse effects may exacerbate the food security dilemma faced by many countries and impede their progress towards attaining the sustainable development goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willeke de Bruin
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation: Centre of Excellence in Food Security, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Quenton Kritzinger
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Riana Bornman
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Lise Korsten
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation: Centre of Excellence in Food Security, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.
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30
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Yang Q, Noviana M, Zhao Y, Chen D, Wang X. Effect of curcumin extract against oxidative stress on both structure and deformation capability of red blood cell. J Biomech 2019; 95:109301. [PMID: 31443943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The normal deformability of erythrocytes plays an important role in ensuring blood mobility, erythrocyte longevity, and microcirculation, which is the ability of erythrocytes to change shapes in response to external forces. However, the effects of curcumin extracts on the deformability of erythrocytes have not yet been evaluated. Accordingly, in this study, we explored the effects of pre-treatment with curcumin extract on erythrocyte deformation and erythrocyte band 3 (SLC4A1; EB3) expression. We also evaluated the associations between EB3 expression and erythrocyte deformability induced by hydrogen peroxide. Blood samples were divided into the control group, pre-treatment group (treated with curcumin extract or vitamin C), and negative control group, and oxidant stress parameters, antioxidant status, erythrocyte deformability and elasticity, and EB3 modifications were evaluated using immunoblotting and immunofluorescence staining. Hydrogen peroxide significantly increased oxidative stress parameters, modulus elasticity values and clustered EB3 levels and induced conjugation of membrane proteins to form high-molecular-weight complexes (p < 0.05). Erythrocyte deformability and elasticity were significantly decreased in the treated groups compared with those in the control group. Overall, our findings suggested that pre-treatment with curcumin extracts increased antioxidant status, reduced EB3 cross-linking, and improved erythrocyte deformability, to an even better extent than vitamin C. These results provide important insights into the effects of treatment with curcumin extracts on erythrocyte damage and suggest that curcumin may have applications in antioxidant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Milody Noviana
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yajin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China.
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31
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Loyola-Leyva A, Loyola-Rodríguez JP, Terán Figueroa Y, González FJ, Atzori M, Barquera Cervera S. Altered erythrocyte morphology in Mexican adults with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus evaluated by scanning electron microscope. Microscopy (Oxf) 2019; 68:261-270. [PMID: 30860262 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfz011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the erythrocyte morphology in people with prediabetes, T2DM and healthy subjects in a Mexican population and its association with biochemical parameters. METHODS Cross-sectional study consisted of three groups: healthy (HG), people with prediabetes (PG) and with T2DM (DMG). A blood sample was obtained from all participants to assess the erythrocyte morphology, and levels of HbA1c, glucose and lipid profile. Anthropometrical parameters were also evaluated. RESULTS It was observed that compared with healthy individuals, people with prediabetes presented a significant decrease in the diameter (-0.08 μm, P = 0.014) and height (-0.07 μm, P = 0.004), as well as people with T2DM (-0.33 μm, P < 0.001 in diameter; and -0.36 μm, P < 0.001 in height). Besides, it was found a significant difference in diameter (-0.25 μm, P < 0.001) and height (-0.29 μm, P < 0.001) between the PG and DMG. No significant differences in the axial ratio between groups. Also, HbA1c, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, weight, BMI, waist and hip circumference were significantly associated with diameter and height. CONCLUSIONS Erythrocyte morphological alterations can serve as an indicator of early diagnosis of T2DM and a factor implicated in the course of the clinical condition, so the correction of these alterations could serve as a treatment for prediabetes and T2DM. It is essential to promote constantly checkups of biochemical and anthropometrical parameters, as well as erythrocyte morphological alterations to prevent the onset of prediabetes and T2DM and possible clinical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Loyola-Leyva
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí (Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí), Avenida Venustiano Carranza 2405, Los Filtros, 78210, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo Loyola-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Guerrero (Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero), Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Terán Figueroa
- Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí (Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí), Av. Niño Artillero 130. Zona Universitaria, 78240, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, México
| | - Francisco Javier González
- Coordination for Innovation and Application of Science and Technology (CIACyT), Avenida Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, México
| | - Marco Atzori
- Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí (Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí), Lateral Av. Salvador Nava, Lomas, 78290, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, México
| | - Simón Barquera Cervera
- National Institute of Public Health (Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública), Av. Universidad No.655 Col Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlán. Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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32
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Martínez-Vieyra V, Rodríguez-Varela M, García-Rubio D, De la Mora-Mojica B, Méndez-Méndez J, Durán-Álvarez C, Cerecedo D. Alterations to plasma membrane lipid contents affect the biophysical properties of erythrocytes from individuals with hypertension. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:182996. [PMID: 31150634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and environmental factors may contribute to high blood pressure, which is termed essential hypertension. Hypertension is a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, stroke and renal failure; thus, elucidation of the etiopathology of hypertension merits further research. We recently reported that the platelets and neutrophils of patients with hypertension exhibit altered biophysical characteristics. In the present study, we assessed whether the major structural elements of erythrocyte plasma membranes are altered in individuals with hypertension. We compared the phospholipid (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, sphingosine) and cholesterol contents of erythrocytes from individuals with hypertension (HTN) and healthy individuals (HI) using LC/MS-MS. HTN erythrocytes contained higher phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine contents and a lower cholesterol content than HI erythrocytes. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy revealed important morphological changes in HTN erythrocytes, which reflected the increased membrane fragility and fluidity and higher levels of oxidative stress observed in HTN erythrocytes using spectrophotofluorometry, flow cytometry and spectrometry. This study reveals that alterations to the lipid contents of erythrocyte plasma membranes occur in hypertension, and these alterations in lipid composition result in morphological and physiological abnormalities that modify the dynamic properties of erythrocytes and contribute to the pathophysiology of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vette Martínez-Vieyra
- Laboratorio de Hematobiología, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Mario Rodríguez-Varela
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Diana García-Rubio
- Laboratorio de Hematobiología, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, Mexico
| | | | | | - Carlos Durán-Álvarez
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Doris Cerecedo
- Laboratorio de Hematobiología, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, Mexico.
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Lázaro GR, Hernández-Machado A, Pagonabarraga I. Collective behavior of red blood cells in confined channels. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2019; 42:46. [PMID: 30989403 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2019-11805-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We study the flow properties of red blood cells in confined channels, when the channel width is comparable to the cell size. We focus on the case of intermediate concentrations when hydrodynamic interactions between cells play a dominant role. This regime is different to the case of low concentration in which the cells behave as hydrodynamically isolated. In this last case, the dynamic behavior is entirely controlled by the interplay between the interaction with the wall and the elastic response of the cell membrane. Our results highlight the different fluid properties when collective flow is present. The cells acquire a characteristic slipper shape, and parachute shapes are only observed at very large capillary numbers. We have characterized the spatial ordering and the layering by means of a pairwise correlation function. Focusing effects are observed at the core of the channel instead of at the lateral position typical of the single-train case. These results indicate that at these intermediate concentrations we observed at the microscale the first steps of the well-known macroscopic Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect. The rheological properties of the suspension are studied by means of the effective viscosity, with an expected shear-thinning behavior. Two main differences are obtained with respect to the single-train case. First, a large magnitude of the viscosity is obtained indicating a high resistance to flow. Secondly, the shear-thinning behavior is obtained at larger values of the capillary number respect to the single-train case. These results suggest that the phenomena of ordering in space and orientation occur at higher values of the capillary number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo R Lázaro
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, E08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurora Hernández-Machado
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, E08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Pagonabarraga
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, E08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centre Européen de Calcul Atomique et Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Batochime, Avenue Forel 2, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems, Barcelona, Spain.
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Radosinska J, Jasenovec T, Puzserova A, Krajcir J, Lacekova J, Kucerova K, Kalnovicova T, Tothova L, Kovacicova I, Vrbjar N. Promotion of whole blood rheology after vitamin C supplementation: focus on red blood cells 1. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:837-843. [PMID: 30983394 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hemorheological properties represent significant contributors in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. As plasma vitamin C is inversely associated with blood viscosity in humans, we aimed to characterize the effect of vitamin C supplementation on hemorheology with an emphasis on erythrocyte functions. Twenty young healthy volunteers were asked to take vitamin C (1000 mg per day) for 3 weeks. We observed beneficial effect of intervention on multiple hemorheological parameters: whole blood viscosity in the range of medium to high shear rates, Casson yield stress, complex viscosity, and storage and loss moduli. As erythrocyte properties play a significant role in hemorheology, we characterized their deformability, nitric oxide production, and sodium pump activity in erythrocyte membranes. We can conclude that observed promotion in whole blood rheology may be consequence of improved erythrocyte functionality as concerns their ability to pass through narrow capillaries of the microcirculation, nitric oxide production, and sodium pump activity. Parameters reflecting oxidative stress and antioxidant status in plasma were not affected by our intervention. As improvement in hemorheology may play an important role in cardioprotection, it would be challenging to investigate the vitamin C supplementation to patients suffering from microcirculatory disturbances and worsened organ perfusion in the case of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Radosinska
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 2, Bratislava 813 72, Slovak Republic.,Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 840 05, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomas Jasenovec
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 2, Bratislava 813 72, Slovak Republic
| | - Angelika Puzserova
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewiczova 1, Bratislava 813 71, Slovak Republic
| | - Juraj Krajcir
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 2, Bratislava 813 72, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Lacekova
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 2, Bratislava 813 72, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarina Kucerova
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 2, Bratislava 813 72, Slovak Republic
| | - Terezia Kalnovicova
- 1st Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital in Bratislava, Mickiewiczova 13, Bratislava 813 69, Slovak Republic
| | - Lubomira Tothova
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, Bratislava 811 08, Slovak Republic
| | - Ivona Kovacicova
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 840 05, Slovak Republic
| | - Norbert Vrbjar
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 840 05, Slovak Republic
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35
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Gajos G, Siniarski A, Natorska J, Ząbczyk M, Siudut J, Malinowski KP, Gołębiowska-Wiatrak R, Rostoff P, Undas A. Polyhedrocytes in blood clots of type 2 diabetic patients with high cardiovascular risk: association with glycemia, oxidative stress and platelet activation. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:146. [PMID: 30466424 PMCID: PMC6251112 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0789-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about factors that affect the composition of contracted blood clots in specific diseases. We investigated the content of polyhedral erythrocytes (polyhedrocytes) formed in blood clots and its determinants in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Methods In 97 patients with long-standing T2D [median HbA1c, 6.4% (interquartile range 5.9–7.8)], we measured in vitro the composition of blood clots, including a clot area covered by polyhedrocytes using scanning electron microscopy and the erythrocyte compression index (ECI), defined as a ratio of the mean polyhedrocyte area to the mean native erythrocyte area. Moreover, plasma fibrin clot permeability (Ks), clot lysis time (CLT), thrombin generation, oxidative stress [total protein carbonyl (total PC), total antioxidant capacity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)], and platelet activation markers were determined. The impact of glucose concentration on polyhedrocytes formation was assessed in vitro. Results Polyhedrocytes content in contracted clots was positively correlated with glucose (r = 0.24, p = 0.028), glycated hemoglobin (r = 0.40, p = 0.024), total cholesterol (r = 0.22, p = 0.044), TBARS (r = 0.60, p = 0.0027), P-selectin (r = 0.54, p = 0.0078) and platelet factor-4, PF4 (r = 0.59, p = 0.0032), but not with thrombin generation, platelet count, Ks or CLT. Patients who formed more polyhedrocytes (≥ 10th percentile) (n = 83, 85.6%) had higher glucose (+ 15.7%, p = 0.018), fibrinogen (+ 16.6%, p = 0.004), lower red blood cell distribution width (RDW, − 8.8%, p = 0.034), reduced plasma clot density (− 21.8% Ks, p = 0.011) and impaired fibrinolysis (+ 6.5% CLT, p = 0.037) when compared to patients with lesser amount of polyhedrocytes (< 10th percentile). ECI and the content of polyhedrocytes were strongly associated with total PC (r = 0.79, p = 0.036 and r = 0.67, p = 0.0004, respectively). In vitro an increase of glucose concentration by 10 mmol/L was associated with 94% higher polyhedrocytes content (p = 0.033) when compared to the baseline (7.1 mM). After adjustment for age, sex and fibrinogen, multiple regression analysis showed that RDW was the only independent predictor of polyhedrocytes content in T2D (OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.39–0.92). Conclusions Poor glycemic control, together with enhanced platelet activation and oxidative stress, increase the content of polyhedrocytes in blood clots generated in T2D patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12933-018-0789-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Gajos
- Department of Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Prądnicka 80 St., 31-202, Kraków, Poland. .,John Paul II Hospital, Prądnicka 80 St., Kraków, Poland.
| | - Aleksander Siniarski
- Department of Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Prądnicka 80 St., 31-202, Kraków, Poland.,John Paul II Hospital, Prądnicka 80 St., Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Natorska
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Prądnicka 80 St., Kraków, Poland.,John Paul II Hospital, Prądnicka 80 St., Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Ząbczyk
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Prądnicka 80 St., Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Siudut
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Prądnicka 80 St., Kraków, Poland.,John Paul II Hospital, Prądnicka 80 St., Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Piotr Malinowski
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegórzecka 20 St., Kraków, Poland
| | - Renata Gołębiowska-Wiatrak
- Department of Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Prądnicka 80 St., 31-202, Kraków, Poland.,John Paul II Hospital, Prądnicka 80 St., Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Rostoff
- Department of Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Prądnicka 80 St., 31-202, Kraków, Poland.,John Paul II Hospital, Prądnicka 80 St., Kraków, Poland
| | - Anetta Undas
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Prądnicka 80 St., Kraków, Poland.,John Paul II Hospital, Prądnicka 80 St., Kraków, Poland
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36
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Pretorius E. Erythrocyte deformability and eryptosis during inflammation, and impaired blood rheology. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2018; 69:545-550. [PMID: 29710698 DOI: 10.3233/ch-189205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review focusses on the erythrocytes (RBCs) and their structural changes during inflammation and impaired blood rheology. We discuss systemic inflammation and the effects of dysregulated inflammatory molecules. These pro-inflammatory molecules directly affect the haematological system, and particularly the RBCs, platelets and plasma proteins. We focus on the three main changes; increased RBC eryptosis (programmed cell death, similar to apoptosis) and pathological deformability, platelet hyperreactivity and anomalous blood clotting, due to pathological changes to fibrin(ogen) protein structure. This pro-inflammatory haematological system directly affects blood rheology. In turn, hemorheological parameters such as RBC deformability are important parameters in hypercoagulation, which is a hallmark of inflammation. For RBC deformation to happen during blood flow, the RBC membrane needs to be elastic to elongate sufficiently to squeeze through small capillaries. However, of greater importance is that the cell must return to its original biconcave shape after exiting the small diameter capillaries. CONCLUSION Hemorheological parameters such as RBC deformability are of great importance clinically, to both identify the presence and extent of inflammation, and to study these parameters during intervention therapies. RBC rheology and deformability may therefore be a useful cell model for pharmaceutical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, South Africa
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37
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Podzolkov VI, Koroleva TV, Pisarev MV, Kudryavtseva MG, Zateyshchikova DA. Abnormal Microcirculation and Red Blood Cell Function as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor in Metabolic Syndrome. RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY IN CARDIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2018-14-4-591-597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a highly prevalent condition associated with increased cardiovascular risk in the population. Microvasculature is the terminal part of the cardiovascular system which primarily reacts to the increased secretion of the pro inflammatory adipokines typical for the metabolic syndrome. Microcirculation and blood cell abnormalities are the leading mechanisms of cardiovascular events development in this condition. Prevalence of microcirculation abnormalities and red blood cell dysfunction in metabolic syndrome and their role in the increased blood viscosity and cardiovascular events development are covered by the paper. The microcirculation abnormalities with a special focus on red blood cell dysfunction (impaired aggregation, stiffness) seen in metabolic syndrome and associated conditions are discussed in detail. The impact of abnormal red blood cell deformability (secondary to cholesterol accumulation in the cellular membranes) on the hemorheological abnormalities is revealed. Abnormal red blood cell surface charge due to proinflammatory changes associated with insulin resistance in diabetes mellitus is highlighted. These abnormalities lead to increased red blood cell aggregation and plasma viscosity that are the essential components of cardiovascular events pathogenesis. Their timely diagnosis is crucial for effective cardiovascular prevention.
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Evaluation of lipid peroxidation and the level of some elements in rat erythrocytes during separate and combined vanadium and magnesium administration. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 293:1-10. [PMID: 30028963 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The impact of vanadium (V) and magnesium (Mg) as sodium metavanadate (SMV, 0.125 mg V/ml) and magnesium sulfate (MS, 0.06 mg Mg/ml) on lipid peroxidation (LPO) and selected elements in the rat erythrocytes (RBCs) was investigated. Relationships between some indices determined in RBC were also studied. SMV alone (Group II) elevated the malondialdehyde level (MDARBC) (by 95% and 60%), compared with the control (Group I) and MS-supplemented rats (Group III), respectively, reduced the concentration of CuRBC (by 23.5%), in comparison with Group I, but did not change the levels of NaRBC, KRBC, and CaRBC, whereas MS alone (Group III) only reduced the CuRBC concentration (by 22%), compared with Group I. The SMV + MS combination (Group IV) reduced and elevated the CuRBC (by 24%) and CaRBC (by 111%) concentrations, respectively, in comparison with Groups I and III, and these changes were induced by the V-Mg antagonistic and synergistic interaction, respectively. The combined SMV + MS effect also enhanced the MDARBC level, compared with Groups I (by 79%) and III (by 47%) and slightly limited its concentration, compared with Group II, which, in turn, resulted from the distinct trend toward the V-Mg antagonistic interaction. We can conclude that V (as SMV) is able to stimulate LPO in rat RBCs and that V-Mg interactive effects are involved in changes in CuRBC, CaRBC, and MDARBC. Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms of the V-Mg antagonistic/synergistic interactions and to provide insight into the biochemical mechanisms of changes in rats suffering from anemia [1], characterized by a disrupted antioxidant barrier in RBCs [2] and an intensified free radical process in these cells.
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Hao K, Chen BY, Li KQ, Zhang Y, Li CX, Wang Y, Jiang LX, Shen J, Guo XC, Zhang W, Zhu MH, Wang Z. Cytotoxicity of anti-tumor herbal Marsdeniae tenacissimae extract on erythrocytes. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 18:597-604. [PMID: 28681584 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Marsdeniae tenacissimae extract (MTE) has been used as an adjuvant medicine for cancer therapy for a long time. Although massive studies demonstrated its considerable anti-cancer effect, there is no research on its influence on erythrocytes, which are firstly interacted with MTE in the circulation. To investigate the influence of MTE on erythrocytes, we used a flow cytometer to detect the MTE-treated alternations of morphology, calcium concentration, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in erythrocytes. We used hemolysis under different osmotic solutions to evaluate the fragility of erythrocytes. Data showed that MTE treatment dose-dependently increased the ratio of erythrocyte fragmentation (P<0.001) and shrinking, and elevated the forward scatter (FSC) value (P<0.001) and calcium accumulation (P<0.001). MTE induced ROS production of erythrocytes under the high glucose condition (P<0.01) and consequently caused a rise in fragility (P<0.05). These results suggest that MTE induces cytotoxicity and aging in erythrocytes in a dose-dependent manner, and presents the possibility of impairment on cancer patients' circulating erythrocytes when MTE is used as an anti-cancer adjuvant medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Hao
- Research Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Bing-Yu Chen
- Research Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Kai-Qiang Li
- Research Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Research Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Cai-Xia Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Research Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Lu-Xi Jiang
- Research Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jiang Shen
- Research Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiang-Chai Guo
- Research Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Meng-Hua Zhu
- Research Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Research Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
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Pretorius E, Page MJ, Mbotwe S, Kell DB. Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) can reverse the amyloid state of fibrin seen or induced in Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192121. [PMID: 29494603 PMCID: PMC5832207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The thrombin-induced polymerisation of fibrinogen to form fibrin is well established as a late stage of blood clotting. It is known that Parkinson's Disease (PD) is accompanied by dysregulation in blood clotting, but it is less widely known as a coagulopathy. In recent work, we showed that the presence of tiny amounts of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in healthy individuals could cause clots to adopt an amyloid form, and this could be observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) or via the fluorescence of thioflavin-T. This could be prevented by the prior addition of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP). We had also observed by SEM this unusual clotting in the blood of patients with Parkinson's Disease. We hypothesised, and here show, that this too can be prevented by LBP in the context of PD. This adds further evidence implicating inflammatory microbial cell wall products as an accompaniment to the disease, and may be part of its aetiology. This may lead to novel treatment strategies in PD designed to target microbes and their products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Martin J. Page
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Sthembile Mbotwe
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, United Kingdom
- The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, United Kingdom
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Pretorius E, Bester J, Kell DB. A Bacterial Component to Alzheimer's-Type Dementia Seen via a Systems Biology Approach that Links Iron Dysregulation and Inflammagen Shedding to Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 53:1237-56. [PMID: 27340854 PMCID: PMC5325058 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is accompanied by a great many observable changes, both molecular and physiological. These include oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and (more proximal to cognitive decline) the death of neuronal and other cells. A systems biology approach seeks to organize these observed variables into pathways that discriminate those that are highly involved (i.e., causative) from those that are more usefully recognized as bystander effects. We review the evidence that iron dysregulation is one of the central causative pathway elements here, as this can cause each of the above effects. In addition, we review the evidence that dormant, non-growing bacteria are a crucial feature of AD, that their growth in vivo is normally limited by a lack of free iron, and that it is this iron dysregulation that is an important factor in their resuscitation. Indeed, bacterial cells can be observed by ultrastructural microscopy in the blood of AD patients. A consequence of this is that the growing cells can shed highly inflammatory components such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS). These too are known to be able to induce (apoptotic and pyroptotic) neuronal cell death. There is also evidence that these systems interact with elements of vitamin D metabolism. This integrative systems approach has strong predictive power, indicating (as has indeed been shown) that both natural and pharmaceutical iron chelators might have useful protective roles in arresting cognitive decline, and that a further assessment of the role of microbes in AD development is more than highly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa
| | - Janette Bester
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa
| | - Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, UK.,The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, UK.,Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, UK
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42
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Kosenko EA, Tikhonova LA, Montoliu C, Barreto GE, Aliev G, Kaminsky YG. Metabolic Abnormalities of Erythrocytes as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2018; 11:728. [PMID: 29354027 PMCID: PMC5760569 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a slowly progressive, neurodegenerative disorder of uncertain etiology. According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, accumulation of non-soluble amyloid β peptides (Aβ) in the Central Nervous System (CNS) is the primary cause initiating a pathogenic cascade leading to the complex multilayered pathology and clinical manifestation of the disease. It is, therefore, not surprising that the search for mechanisms underlying cognitive changes observed in AD has focused exclusively on the brain and Aβ-inducing synaptic and dendritic loss, oxidative stress, and neuronal death. However, since Aβ depositions were found in normal non-demented elderly people and in many other pathological conditions, the amyloid cascade hypothesis was modified to claim that intraneuronal accumulation of soluble Aβ oligomers, rather than monomer or insoluble amyloid fibrils, is the first step of a fatal cascade in AD. Since a characteristic reduction of cerebral perfusion and energy metabolism occurs in patients with AD it is suggested that capillary distortions commonly found in AD brain elicit hemodynamic changes that alter the delivery and transport of essential nutrients, particularly glucose and oxygen to neuronal and glial cells. Another important factor in tissue oxygenation is the ability of erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBC) to transport and deliver oxygen to tissues, which are first of all dependent on the RBC antioxidant and energy metabolism, which finally regulates the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. In the present review, we consider the possibility that metabolic and antioxidant defense alterations in the circulating erythrocyte population can influence oxygen delivery to the brain, and that these changes might be a primary mechanism triggering the glucose metabolism disturbance resulting in neurobiological changes observed in the AD brain, possibly related to impaired cognitive function. We also discuss the possibility of using erythrocyte biochemical aberrations as potential tools that will help identify a risk factor for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Kosenko
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Lyudmila A Tikhonova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Carmina Montoliu
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico, INCLIVA Instituto Investigación Sanitaria, Valencia, Spain
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- GALLY International Biomedical Research Institute Inc., San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Yury G Kaminsky
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
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Biocompatible sulfenamide and sulfonamide derivatives of metformin can exert beneficial effects on plasma haemostasis. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 280:15-27. [PMID: 29217384 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
As the pharmacokinetic properties of metformin are unfavourable, several analogues and prodrugs have been synthesised to improve its bioavailability. The aim of this study was to assess the plasma stability of sulfenamide and sulfonamide derivatives of metformin and establish their effects on plasma haemostasis and integrity of red blood cells (RBCs). The overall haemostasis potential was evaluated spectrophotometrically by clot formation and lysis test (CL-test). PT (Prothrombin Time) and APTT (Activated Partial Tromboplastin Time) were used to evaluate the effects if the compounds on the extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation pathway. Haemolysis assay, microscopy and flow cytometry studies were conducted to determine the effect of the compounds on RBCs. Two sulfonamide and one sulfenamide derivatives of metformin were associated with a statistically significant decrease in the overall potential of clot formation and fibrinolysis (↓ CLAUC), suggesting that these compounds may exert beneficial effects regarding plasma haemostasis, which is frequently impaired in diabetic patients. p- and o-Nitrobenzene sulfonamides contributed to the beneficial change in kinetic parameters of clot formation and fibrinolysis. o-Nitrobenzene sulfonamide significantly increased thrombin generation time (↑ TGt) and was also found to prolong both APTT and PT. All compounds did not exert any effects on the integrity of RBCs over the concentration range 0.006-0.6 μmol/mL which constitutes the expected therapeutic concentration. In conclusion, sulfonamide derivatives of metformin present potentially beneficial properties in terms of plasma haemostasis which is frequently impaired in T2DM patients. Therefore, metformin sulfonamides may become a prototype for further design and synthesis of novel metformin analogues and prodrugs with improved pharmacokinetic properties.
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Characterizing pathology in erythrocytes using morphological and biophysical membrane properties: Relation to impaired hemorheology and cardiovascular function in rheumatoid arthritis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:2381-2391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Page MJ, Bester J, Pretorius E. Interleukin-12 and its procoagulant effect on erythrocytes, platelets and fibrin(ogen): the lesser known side of inflammation. Br J Haematol 2017; 180:110-117. [PMID: 29143311 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation, with its associated inflammatory molecules, is integral to most chronic diseases, including the various cardiovascular diseases. Interleukin 12 (IL12) is one of the inflammatory cytokines that is upregulated during inflammation; however, we know very little about its exact effect on red blood cells (RBCs), platelets and fibrin(ogen). IL12 is an important pleiotropic cytokine in early inflammatory responses and has potent immunomodulatory, antitumour and anti-infection activity. Here we investigate how low levels of circulating IL12, comparable to levels found during chronic inflammation, affect coagulation parameters, platelets and RBCs. We used thromboelastography, scanning electron microscopy, refractometery and wide-field microscopy. Our results show that IL12 caused hypercoagulation, platelet activation and spreading, as well as RBC agglutination. This phenomenon has far-reaching implications for treatment of the plethora of conditions where IL12 is upregulated, since it suggests aberrant haemorheology as agglutination affects blood flow. This information might be used in future to target the lowering of IL12 in inflammatory conditions, as well as address RBC agglutination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Page
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Janette Bester
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Morphological changes in erythrocytes of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus evaluated with atomic force microscopy: A brief review. Micron 2017; 105:11-17. [PMID: 29145008 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been increasing worldwide. Cardiovascular diseases are one of the main causes of death among people with T2DM. Morphological changes in erythrocytes have been associated with higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a new technique that allows non-invasive imaging of cells and the evaluation of changes in mechanical properties. AIM To evaluate by AFM the erythrocytes morphological changes of people with T2DM METHODS: Search was conducted from in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scielo, and Lilacs. Erythrocyte, type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and, Microscopy, Atomic Force were the keywords used for the search. Papers included were cross-sectional studies performed in humans. RESULTS Five of seven articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Compared with healthy cells, the erythrocytes from individuals affected by T2DM had morphological changes such as a decreased concave depth, diameter, height and a deformation index, while axial ratio, stiffness, adhesive force, aggregation, and rigidity index were increased. The results regarding the erythrocyte roughness were inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS The AFM is an excellent instrument to study the altered erythrocytes of subjects affected by T2DM. Morphology changes in erythrocytes could lead to cardiovascular events, which are major complications in people living with this disease.
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He Y, Liu C, Zeng Z, Ye W, Lin J, Ou Q. Red blood cell distribution width: a potential laboratory parameter for monitoring inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 37:161-167. [PMID: 29101675 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3871-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Correlation analysis of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to investigate whether RDW can serve as a potential parameter for indicating inflammation in RA patients. A total of 670 RA patients from October 2014 to April 2016 were enrolled in our study. The white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), platelet (PLT), hemoglobin (HGB), RDW, CRP, and ESR in peripheral blood of patients with RA were retrospectively analyzed. The relative expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 was detected by RT-qPCR. Correlation analysis between RDW and CRP, ESR, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 in RA was conducted by Microsoft Excel. RDW level was significantly increased in RA patients compared to osteoarthritis (OA) patients (P < 0.001) and healthy donors (HDs) (P < 0.001), and RDW was positively associated with inflammatory markers, such as CRP and ESR. In ROC curve analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) of RDW for the identification of RA was 0.881, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) from 0.864 to 0.898. Moreover, correlation analysis showed that RDW level was positively associated with TNF-α and IL-6, however negatively associated with IL-10. RDW was increased in patients with RA which was associated with inflammation in RA, suggesting that RDW may be a potential auxiliary marker for indicating inflammation process in RA conveniently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujue He
- First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China
| | - Can Liu
- First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China
| | - Zhiyong Zeng
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weilin Ye
- School of Medicine Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinpiao Lin
- First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China.
| | - Qishui Ou
- First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China.
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Pretorius E, Page MJ, Engelbrecht L, Ellis GC, Kell DB. Substantial fibrin amyloidogenesis in type 2 diabetes assessed using amyloid-selective fluorescent stains. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:141. [PMID: 29096623 PMCID: PMC5668975 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0624-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that many chronic, inflammatory diseases are accompanied, and possibly partly caused or exacerbated, by various coagulopathies, manifested as anomalous clots in the form of 'dense matted deposits'. More recently, we have shown that these clots can be amyloid in nature, and that the plasma of healthy controls can be induced to form such clots by the addition of tiny amounts of bacterial lipopolysaccharide or lipoteichoic acid. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is also accompanied by raised levels of LPS. METHODS We use superresolution and confocal microscopies to investigate the amyloid nature of clots from healthy and T2D individuals. RESULTS We show here, with the established stain thioflavin T and the novel stains Amytracker™ 480 and 680, that the clotting of plasma from type 2 diabetics is also amyloid in nature, and that this may be prevented by the addition of suitable concentrations of LPS-binding protein. CONCLUSION This implies strongly that there is indeed a microbial component to the development of type 2 diabetes, and suggests that LBP might be used as treatment for it and its sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosh, 7602, South Africa.
| | - Martin J Page
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosh, 7602, South Africa
| | - Lize Engelbrecht
- Central Analytical Facility, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosh, 7602, South Africa
| | - Graham C Ellis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosh, 7602, South Africa.,Synexus Helderberg Clinical Research Centre, Helderberg Synexus South Africa, 7G&H Arun Place, Somerset West, 7130, South Africa
| | - Douglas B Kell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosh, 7602, South Africa. .,School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester, M1 7DN, Lancs, UK.
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Qadri SM, Bissinger R, Solh Z, Oldenborg PA. Eryptosis in health and disease: A paradigm shift towards understanding the (patho)physiological implications of programmed cell death of erythrocytes. Blood Rev 2017; 31:349-361. [PMID: 28669393 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
During the course of their natural ageing and upon injury, anucleate erythrocytes can undergo an unconventional apoptosis-like cell death, termed eryptosis. Eryptotic erythrocytes display a plethora of morphological alterations including volume reduction, membrane blebbing and breakdown of the membrane phospholipid asymmetry resulting in phosphatidylserine externalization which, in turn, mediates their phagocytic recognition and clearance from the circulation. Overall, the eryptosis machinery is tightly orchestrated by a wide array of endogenous mediators, ion channels, membrane receptors, and a host of intracellular signaling proteins. Enhanced eryptosis shortens the lifespan of circulating erythrocytes and confers a procoagulant phenotype; this phenomenon has been tangibly implicated in the pathogenesis of anemia, deranged microcirculation, and increased prothrombotic risk associated with a multitude of clinical conditions. Herein, we reviewed the molecular mechanisms dictating eryptosis and erythrophagocytosis and critically analyzed the current evidence leading to the pathophysiological ramifications of eryptotic cell death in the context of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed M Qadri
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ziad Solh
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Medical Services and Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Per-Arne Oldenborg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Swanepoel AC, Emmerson O, Pretorius E. The Effect of Endogenous and Synthetic Estrogens on Whole Blood Clot Formation and Erythrocyte Structure. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2017; 23:599-606. [PMID: 28478790 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927617000472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As erythrocyte and estrogens interact so closely and erythrocytes can indicate the healthiness of an individual, it is essential to investigate the effects of natural estrogens as well as synthetic estrogens on these cells. Whole blood samples were used for thromboelastography (TEG), light microscopy (LM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation. Viscoelastic investigation with TEG revealed that estrogens affected the rate of clot formation without any significant effect on the strength or stability of the clot. Axial ratio analysis with LM showed a statistically significant increase in number of erythrocytes with decreased roundness. Morphological analysis with SEM confirmed the change in erythrocyte shape and revealed both ultrastructural membrane changes and erythrocyte interactions. As erythrocyte shape and membrane flexibility correlates to physiological functioning of these cells in circulation, these changes, indicative of possible eryptosis brought on by estrogens, when experienced by individuals with an underlying inflammatory or hematological illness, could impair erythrocyte functioning and even result in obstructions in circulation. In conclusion, we suggest that whole blood analysis with viscoelastic and morphological techniques could be used as assessment of the hematological healthiness of individuals using estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albe C Swanepoel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences,University of Pretoria,Pretoria 0002,South Africa
| | - Odette Emmerson
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences,University of Pretoria,Pretoria 0002,South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences,University of Pretoria,Pretoria 0002,South Africa
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