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Wang J, Gao Y, Yuan Y, Wang H, Wang Z, Zhang X. Th17 Cells and IL-17A in Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2411-2429. [PMID: 37884768 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03723-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The neurological injury and repair mechanisms after ischemic stroke are complex. The inflammatory response is present throughout stroke onset and functional recovery, in which CD4 + T helper(Th) cells play a non-negligible role. Th17 cells, differentiated from CD4 + Th cells, are regulated by various extracellular signals, transcription factors, RNA, and post-translational modifications. Th17 cells specifically produce interleukin-17A(IL-17A), which has been reported to have pro-inflammatory effects in many studies. Recently, experimental researches showed that Th17 cells and IL-17A play an important role in promoting stroke pathogenesis (atherosclerosis), inducing secondary damage after stroke, and regulating post-stroke repair. This makes Th17 and IL-17A a possible target for the treatment of stroke. In this paper, we review the mechanism of action of Th17 cells and IL-17A in ischemic stroke and the progress of research on targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Yuxiao Gao
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Yujia Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiangjian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
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Neves LT, Paz LV, Wieck A, Mestriner RG, de Miranda Monteiro VAC, Xavier LL. Environmental Enrichment in Stroke Research: an Update. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:339-351. [PMID: 36717476 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01132-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) refers to different forms of stimulation, where the environment is designed to improve the levels of sensory, cognitive, and motor stimuli, inducing stroke recovery in animal models. Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and neurological disability among older adults, hence the importance of developing strategies to improve recovery for such patients. This review provides an update on recent findings, compiling information regarding the parameters affected by EE exposure in both preclinical and clinical studies. During stroke recovery, EE exposure has been shown to improve both the cognitive and locomotor aspects, inducing important neuroplastic alterations, increased angiogenesis and neurogenesis, and modified gene expression, among other effects. There is a need for further research in this field, particularly in those aspects where the evidence is inconclusive. Moreover, it is necessary refine and adapt the EE paradigms for application in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tartari Neves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular E Molecular, Laboratório deBiologiaCelular ETecidual, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul, PUCRS. Escola de Ciências da Saúde E da Vida, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Lisiê Valéria Paz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular E Molecular, Laboratório deBiologiaCelular ETecidual, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul, PUCRS. Escola de Ciências da Saúde E da Vida, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Andréa Wieck
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular E Molecular, Laboratório deBiologiaCelular ETecidual, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul, PUCRS. Escola de Ciências da Saúde E da Vida, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP, 90619-900, Brazil
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690 - Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Régis Gemerasca Mestriner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular E Molecular, Laboratório deBiologiaCelular ETecidual, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul, PUCRS. Escola de Ciências da Saúde E da Vida, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Valentina Aguiar Cardozo de Miranda Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular E Molecular, Laboratório deBiologiaCelular ETecidual, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul, PUCRS. Escola de Ciências da Saúde E da Vida, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Léder Leal Xavier
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular E Molecular, Laboratório deBiologiaCelular ETecidual, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul, PUCRS. Escola de Ciências da Saúde E da Vida, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP, 90619-900, Brazil.
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Nie L, He J, Wang J, Wang R, Huang L, Jia L, Kim YT, Bhawal UK, Fan X, Zille M, Jiang C, Chen X, Wang J. Environmental Enrichment for Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury: Mechanisms and Translational Implications. Compr Physiol 2023; 14:5291-5323. [PMID: 38158368 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c230007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Acquired brain injuries, such as ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and traumatic brain injury (TBI), can cause severe neurologic damage and even death. Unfortunately, currently, there are no effective and safe treatments to reduce the high disability and mortality rates associated with these brain injuries. However, environmental enrichment (EE) is an emerging approach to treating and rehabilitating acquired brain injuries by promoting motor, sensory, and social stimulation. Multiple preclinical studies have shown that EE benefits functional recovery, including improved motor and cognitive function and psychological benefits mediated by complex protective signaling pathways. This article provides an overview of the enriched environment protocols used in animal models of ischemic stroke, ICH, and TBI, as well as relevant clinical studies, with a particular focus on ischemic stroke. Additionally, we explored studies of animals with stroke and TBI exposed to EE alone or in combination with multiple drugs and other rehabilitation modalities. Finally, we discuss the potential clinical applications of EE in future brain rehabilitation therapy and the molecular and cellular changes caused by EE in rodents with stroke or TBI. This article aims to advance preclinical and clinical research on EE rehabilitation therapy for acquired brain injury. © 2024 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 14:5291-5323, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwei Nie
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxin He
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory for Brain Science Research and Transformation in the Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Ruike Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Leo Huang
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lin Jia
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yun Tai Kim
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ujjal K Bhawal
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Xiaochong Fan
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Marietta Zille
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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Sunshine MD, Bindi VE, Nguyen BL, Doerr V, Boeno FP, Chandran V, Smuder AJ, Fuller DD. Oxygen therapy attenuates neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:303. [PMID: 38110993 PMCID: PMC10729514 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02985-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute hyperbaric O2 (HBO) therapy after spinal cord injury (SCI) can reduce inflammation and increase neuronal survival. To our knowledge, it is unknown if these benefits of HBO require hyperbaric vs. normobaric hyperoxia. We used a C4 lateralized contusion SCI in adult male and female rats to test the hypothesis that the combination of hyperbaria and 100% O2 (i.e. HBO) more effectively mitigates spinal inflammation and neuronal loss, and enhances respiratory recovery, as compared to normobaric 100% O2. Experimental groups included spinal intact, SCI no O2 therapy, and SCI + 100% O2 delivered at normobaric pressure (1 atmosphere, ATA), or at 2- or 3 ATA. O2 treatments lasted 1-h, commenced within 2-h of SCI, and were repeated for 10 days. The spinal inflammatory response was assessed with transcriptomics (RNAseq) and immunohistochemistry. Gene co-expression network analysis showed that the strong inflammatory response to SCI was dramatically diminished by both hyper- and normobaric O2 therapy. Similarly, both HBO and normobaric O2 treatments reduced the prevalence of immunohistological markers for astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein) and microglia (ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule) in the injured spinal cord. However, HBO treatment also had unique impacts not detected in the normobaric group including upregulation of an anti-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin-4) in the plasma, and larger inspiratory tidal volumes at 10-days (whole body-plethysmography measurements). We conclude that normobaric O2 treatment can reduce the spinal inflammatory response after SCI, but pressured O2 (i.e., HBO) provides further benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Sunshine
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Breathing Research and Therapeutics Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Victoria E Bindi
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Breathing Research and Therapeutics Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Branden L Nguyen
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Vivian Doerr
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Franccesco P Boeno
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Ashley J Smuder
- Breathing Research and Therapeutics Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David D Fuller
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Breathing Research and Therapeutics Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Yan J, Liu Y, Zheng F, Lv D, Jin D. Environmental enrichment enhanced neurogenesis and behavioral recovery after stroke in aged rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:9453-9463. [PMID: 37688770 PMCID: PMC10564416 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Age is identified as a significant prognostic factor for poorer outcome after stroke. However, environmental enrichment (EE) has been reported to promote functional recovery after ischemic stroke. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether environmental enrichment was beneficial to ischemic stroke in aged rats. METHODS Aged rats were randomly assigned as control rats, rats subjected to cerebral ischemia, and rats with cerebral ischemia treated with EE for 30 days. Focal cortical ischemia was induced by intracranial injection of endothelin-1 (ET-1). EE housing began one day after focal ischemia and was maintained for the whole experimental period. We used immunofluorescence staining to analyze the neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay to evaluate apoptosis. The expression of neuronal nuclei, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Iba-1 around the infarcted area were also measured by double immunohistochemistry. RESULTS EE enhanced the proliferation of newborn neurons in the SVZ, as well as increased the long-term survival of newborn neurons. EE also exerted effects on inflammation after stroke. Furthermore, EE suppressed apoptosis and improved the motor functions after stroke in the aged rats. CONCLUSIONS EE improved post-stroke recovery on the basis of enhancing neurogenesis in aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Shenyang of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Shenyang of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Fangda Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Shenyang of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Dan Lv
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Di Jin
- Department of Acupuncture (Neurology), The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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6
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Xie B, Zhang Y, Han M, Wang M, Yu Y, Chen X, Wu Y, Hashimoto K, Yuan S, Shang Y, Zhang J. Reversal of the detrimental effects of social isolation on ischemic cerebral injury and stroke-associated pneumonia by inhibiting small intestinal γδ T-cell migration into the brain and lung. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1267-1284. [PMID: 37017434 PMCID: PMC10369145 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231167946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Social isolation (ISO) is associated with an increased risk and poor outcomes of ischemic stroke. However, the roles and mechanisms of ISO in stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) remain unclear. Adult male mice were single- or pair-housed with an ovariectomized female mouse and then subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Isolated mice were treated with the natriuretic peptide receptor A antagonist A71915 or anti-gamma-delta (γδ) TCR monoclonal antibody, whereas pair-housed mice were treated with recombinant human atrial natriuretic peptide (rhANP). Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (SDV) was performed 14 days before single- or pair-housed conditions. We found that ISO significantly worsened brain and lung injuries relative to pair housing, which was partially mediated by elevated interleukin (IL)-17A levels and the migration of small intestine-derived inflammatory γδ T-cells into the brain and lung. However, rhANP treatment or SDV could ameliorate ISO-exacerbated post-stroke brain and lung damage by reducing IL-17A levels and inhibiting the migration of inflammatory γδ T-cells into the brain and lung. Our results suggest that rhANP mitigated ISO-induced exacerbation of SAP and ischemic cerebral injury by inhibiting small intestine-derived γδ T-cell migration into the lung and brain, which could be mediated by the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Mengqi Han
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yuming Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shiying Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - You Shang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jiancheng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Jia P, Wang J, Ren X, He J, Wang S, Xing Y, Chen D, Zhang X, Zhou S, Liu X, Yu S, Li Z, Jiang C, Zang W, Chen X, Wang J. An enriched environment improves long-term functional outcomes in mice after intracerebral hemorrhage by mechanisms that involve the Nrf2/BDNF/glutaminase pathway. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:694-711. [PMID: 36635875 PMCID: PMC10108193 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221135419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Post-stroke depression exacerbates neurologic deficits and quality of life. Depression after ischemic stroke is known to some extent. However, depression after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is relatively unknown. Increasing evidence shows that exposure to an enriched environment (EE) after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury has neuroprotective effects in animal models, but its impact after ICH is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of EE on long-term functional outcomes in mice subjected to collagenase-induced striatal ICH. Mice were subjected to ICH with the standard environment (SE) or ICH with EE for 6 h/day (8:00 am-2:00 pm). Depressive, anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive tests were evaluated on day 28 with the sucrose preference test, tail suspension test, forced swim test, light-dark transition experiment, morris water maze, and novel object recognition test. Exposure to EE improved neurologic function, attenuated depressive and anxiety-like behaviors, and promoted spatial learning and memory. These changes were associated with increased expression of transcription factor Nrf2 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and inhibited glutaminase activity in the perihematomal tissue. However, EE did not change the above behavioral outcomes in Nrf2-/- mice on day 28. Furthermore, exposure to EE did not increase BDNF expression compared to exposure to SE in Nrf2-/- mice on day 28 after ICH. These findings indicate that EE improves long-term outcomes in sensorimotor, emotional, and cognitive behavior after ICH and that the underlying mechanism involves the Nrf2/BDNF/glutaminase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Jia
- Department of Anatomy,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, , Zhengzhou
University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences,
Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Anatomy,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, , Zhengzhou
University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiuhua Ren
- Department of Anatomy,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, , Zhengzhou
University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinxin He
- Department of Anatomy,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, , Zhengzhou
University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaoshuai Wang
- Department of Anatomy,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, , Zhengzhou
University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinpei Xing
- Department of Anatomy,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, , Zhengzhou
University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Danyang Chen
- Department of Anatomy,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, , Zhengzhou
University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinling Zhang
- Department of Anatomy,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, , Zhengzhou
University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Siqi Zhou
- Department of Anatomy,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, , Zhengzhou
University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Neurology,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou,
China
| | - Shangchen Yu
- Department of Anatomy,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, , Zhengzhou
University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zefu Li
- Department of Anatomy,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, , Zhengzhou
University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Neurology,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou,
China
| | - Weidong Zang
- Department of Anatomy,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, , Zhengzhou
University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Anatomy,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, , Zhengzhou
University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anatomy,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, , Zhengzhou
University, Zhengzhou, China
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8
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Chen X, Zhang Y, Ding Q, He Y, Li H. Role of IL-17A in different stages of ischemic stroke. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109926. [PMID: 37012860 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) plays an important role in the progression of ischemic stroke. IL-17A mediates the endothelial inflammatory response, promotes water and sodium retention, and changes the electrophysiological structure of the atrium, accelerating the progression of ischemic stroke risk factors such as atherosclerotic plaques, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation. In the acute phase of ischemic stroke, IL-17A mediates neuronal injury through neutrophil chemotaxis to the site of injury, the induction of neuronal apoptosis, and activation of the calpain-TRPC-6 (transient receptor potential channel-6) pathway. During ischemic stroke recovery, IL-17A, which is mainly derived from reactive astrocytes, promotes and maintains the survival of neural precursor cells (NPCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ), neuronal differentiation, and synapse formation and participates in the repair of neurological function. Therapies targeting IL-17A-associated inflammatory signaling pathways can reduce the risk of ischemic stroke and neuronal damage and are a new therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke and its risk factors. In this paper, we will briefly discuss the pathophysiological role of IL-17A in ischemic stroke risk factors, acute and chronic inflammatory responses, and the potential therapeutic value of targeting IL-17A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Medicine, Jiangkou Town Center Hospital, Ganxian 341100, China
| | - Qian Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yanru He
- Medical Insurance Department, Mingya Insurance Brokers Co., Ltd., Beijing 100020, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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9
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Vaquero-Rodríguez A, Ortuzar N, Lafuente JV, Bengoetxea H. Enriched environment as a nonpharmacological neuroprotective strategy. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:553-560. [PMID: 37309729 PMCID: PMC10350798 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231171915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure and functions of the central nervous system are influenced by environmental stimuli, which also play an important role in brain diseases. Enriched environment (EE) consists of producing modifications in the environment of standard laboratory animals to induce an improvement in their biological conditions. This paradigm promotes transcriptional and translational effects that result in ameliorated motor, sensory, and cognitive stimulation. EE has been shown to enhance experience-dependent cellular plasticity and cognitive performance in animals housed under these conditions compared with animals housed under standard conditions. In addition, several studies claim that EE induces nerve repair by restoring functional activities through morphological, cellular, and molecular adaptations in the brain that have clinical relevance in neurological and psychiatric disorders. In fact, the effects of EE have been studied in different animal models of psychiatric and neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, ischemic brain injury, or traumatic brain injury, delaying the onset and progression of a wide variety of symptoms of these disorders. In this review, we analyze the action of EE focused on diseases of the central nervous system and the translation to humans to develop a bridge to its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vaquero-Rodríguez
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Naiara Ortuzar
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Harkaitz Bengoetxea
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
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Pre-ischaemic Treatment with Enriched Environment Alleviates Acute Neuronal Injury by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-dependent Autophagy and Apoptosis. Neuroscience 2023; 513:14-27. [PMID: 36549603 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Enriched environment (EE) is effective in preventing cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying the neuroprotection of EE preprocessing. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been demonstrated to be extensively involved in I/R injury. We aimed to investigate the potential regulatory mechanism of ER stress in the neuroprotection of pre-ischemic EE. Rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) or sham surgery after 4 weeks of exposure in standard or enriched environments. We found that EE pretreatment alleviates acute neuronal injury after MCAO, as shown by reduced infarct volume and neurological deficit score. The expression of ER stress-related proteins, markers of autophagy, and apoptosis were detected to investigate the underlying mechanism. Our results showed that pre-ischemic EE inhibited the ER stress, as evidenced by the inactivation of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), protein kinase RNA (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK), and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) pathways. Moreover, the rats reared in EE were detected with lower autophagic activity and apoptosis levels. The decrease in activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinases (p-JNK) expression suggested EE pretreatment might inhibit autophagy and apoptosis via modulating ER stress-mediated PERK-ATF4-CHOP and IRE1-JNK signal pathways, which provides a new idea for the prevention of the deleterious cerebral and functional consequences of ischemic stroke.
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Enriched Environment Attenuates Ferroptosis after Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via the HIF-1 α-ACSL4 Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:5157417. [PMID: 36819784 PMCID: PMC9931469 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5157417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Enriched environment (EE) has been proven to be an effective intervention strategy which can improve neurofunctional recovery following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, it still needs further investigation for the underlying mechanisms. Recently, it has been shown that ferroptosis played an essential role in the pathophysiological development of ischemic stroke (IS). This study is aimed at investigating whether EE plays a neuroprotective role by attenuating ferroptosis after cerebral I/R injury. We used middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) to build a model of cerebral I/R injury. To evaluate the effect of EE on neurological recovery, we used the modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and the Morris water maze (MWM). We used the western blot to detect the protein levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4). We used the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to measure the mRNA levels of ACSL4 and inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). The occurrence of ferroptosis was detected by TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, diaminobenzidine- (DAB-) enhanced Perls' staining, iron level assays, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level assays. The results verified that EE enhanced functional recovery and attenuated ferroptosis and neuroinflammation after cerebral I/R injury. EE increased the expression of HIF-1α while inhibited the expression of ACSL4. Our research indicated that EE improved functional recovery after cerebral I/R injury through attenuating ferroptosis, and this might be related to its regulation of the neuroinflammation and HIF-1α-ACSL4 pathway.
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The Dialogue Between Neuroinflammation and Adult Neurogenesis: Mechanisms Involved and Alterations in Neurological Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:923-959. [PMID: 36383328 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03102-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis occurs mainly in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles. Evidence supports the critical role of adult neurogenesis in various conditions, including cognitive dysfunction, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Several factors can alter adult neurogenesis, including genetic, epigenetic, age, physical activity, diet, sleep status, sex hormones, and central nervous system (CNS) disorders, exerting either pro-neurogenic or anti-neurogenic effects. Compelling evidence suggests that any insult or injury to the CNS, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), infectious diseases, or neurodegenerative disorders, can provoke an inflammatory response in the CNS. This inflammation could either promote or inhibit neurogenesis, depending on various factors, such as chronicity and severity of the inflammation and underlying neurological disorders. Notably, neuroinflammation, driven by different immune components such as activated glia, cytokines, chemokines, and reactive oxygen species, can regulate every step of adult neurogenesis, including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, survival of newborn neurons, maturation, synaptogenesis, and neuritogenesis. Therefore, this review aims to present recent findings regarding the effects of various components of the immune system on adult neurogenesis and to provide a better understanding of the role of neuroinflammation and neurogenesis in the context of neurological disorders, including AD, PD, ischemic stroke (IS), seizure/epilepsy, TBI, sleep deprivation, cognitive impairment, and anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. For each disorder, some of the most recent therapeutic candidates, such as curcumin, ginseng, astragaloside, boswellic acids, andrographolide, caffeine, royal jelly, estrogen, metformin, and minocycline, have been discussed based on the available preclinical and clinical evidence.
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Fan Y, Huang H, Shao J, Huang W. MicroRNA-mediated regulation of reactive astrocytes in central nervous system diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1061343. [PMID: 36710937 PMCID: PMC9877358 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1061343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes (AST) are abundant glial cells in the human brain, accounting for approximately 20-50% percent of mammalian central nervous system (CNS) cells. They display essential functions necessary to sustain the physiological processes of the CNS, including maintaining neuronal structure, forming the blood-brain barrier, coordinating neuronal metabolism, maintaining the extracellular environment, regulating cerebral blood flow, stabilizing intercellular communication, participating in neurotransmitter synthesis, and defending against oxidative stress et al. During the pathological development of brain tumors, stroke, spinal cord injury (SCI), neurodegenerative diseases, and other neurological disorders, astrocytes undergo a series of highly heterogeneous changes, which are called reactive astrocytes, and mediate the corresponding pathophysiological process. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of reactive astrocytes and their therapeutic relevance remain unclear. The microRNAs (miRNAs) are essential for cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival, which play a crucial role in the pathophysiological development of CNS diseases. In this review, we summarize the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs on reactive astrocytes in CNS diseases, which might provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of CNS diseases.
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Chen X, Liu L, Zhong Y, Liu Y. Enriched environment promotes post-stroke angiogenesis through astrocytic interleukin-17A. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1053877. [PMID: 36873773 PMCID: PMC9979086 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1053877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Our previous studies have revealed that the protective effect of an enriched environment (EE) may be linked with astrocyte proliferation and angiogenesis. However, the relationship between astrocytes and angiogenesis under EE conditions still requires further study. The current research examined the neuroprotective effects of EE on angiogenesis in an astrocytic interleukin-17A (IL-17A)-dependent manner following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods A rat model of ischemic stroke based on middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 120 min followed by reperfusion was established, after which rats were housed in either EE or standard conditions. A set of behavior tests were conducted, including the modified neurological severity scores (mNSS) and the rotarod test. The infarct volume was evaluated by means of 2,3,5-Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. To evaluate the levels of angiogenesis, the protein levels of CD34 were examined by means of immunofluorescence and western blotting, while the protein and mRNA levels of IL-17A, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the angiogenesis-associated factors interleukin-6 (IL-6), JAK2, and STAT3 were detected by western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Results We found that EE promoted functional recovery, reduced infarct volume, and enhanced angiogenesis compared to rats in standard conditions. IL-17A expression in astrocytes was also increased in EE rats. EE treatment increased the levels of microvascular density (MVD) and promoted the expression of CD34, VEGF, IL-6, JAK2, and STAT3 in the penumbra, while the intracerebroventricular injection of the IL-17A-neutralizing antibody in EE rats attenuated EE-mediated functional recovery and angiogenesis. Conclusion Our findings revealed a possible neuroprotective mechanism of astrocytic IL-17A in EE-mediated angiogenesis and functional recovery after I/R injury, which might provide the theoretical basis for EE in clinical practise for stroke patients and open up new ideas for the research on the neural repair mechanism mediated by IL-17A in the recovery phase of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yingjun Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Palumbo A, Aluru V, Battaglia J, Geller D, Turry A, Ross M, Cristian A, Balagula C, Ogedegbe G, Khatri L, Chao MV, Froemke RC, Urbanek JK, Raghavan P. Music Upper Limb Therapy-Integrated Provides a Feasible Enriched Environment and Reduces Post-stroke Depression: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2022; 101:937-946. [PMID: 34864768 PMCID: PMC9163211 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study's aims were to refine Music Upper Limb Therapy-Integrated (MULT-I) to create a feasible enriched environment for stroke rehabilitation and compare its biologic and behavioral effects with that of a home exercise program (HEP). DESIGN This was a randomized mixed-methods study of 30 adults with post-stroke hemiparesis. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor and oxytocin levels measured biologic effects, and upper limb function, disability, quality of life, and emotional well-being were assessed as behavioral outcomes. Participant experiences were explored using semistructured interviews. RESULTS MULT-I participants showed reduced depression from preintervention to postintervention as compared with HEP participants. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels significantly increased for MULT-I participants but decreased for HEP participants, with a significant difference between groups after excluding those with post-stroke depression. MULT-I participants additionally improved quality of life and self-perceived physical strength, mobility, activity, participation, and recovery from preintervention to postintervention. HEP participants improved upper limb function. Qualitatively, MULT-I provided psychosocial support and enjoyment, whereas HEP supported self-management of rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of a music-enriched environment is feasible, reduces post-stroke depression, and may enhance the neural environment for recovery via increases in brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Self-management of rehabilitation through an HEP may further improve upper limb function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Palumbo
- Rehabilitation Science Program, Department of Occupational Therapy, NYU Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York, NY 10003
- Nordoff Robbins Center for Music Therapy, NYU Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development, New York, NY 10003
| | - Viswanath Aluru
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kingsbrook Jewish Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203
| | - Jessica Battaglia
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kingsbrook Jewish Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203
| | - Daniel Geller
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Alan Turry
- Nordoff Robbins Center for Music Therapy, NYU Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development, New York, NY 10003
| | - Marc Ross
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kingsbrook Jewish Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203
| | - Adrian Cristian
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176
| | - Caitlin Balagula
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016
| | - Gbenga Ogedegbe
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Latika Khatri
- Skirball Institute, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Moses V. Chao
- Skirball Institute, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Robert C. Froemke
- Skirball Institute, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Jacek K. Urbanek
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Preeti Raghavan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287
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Han Y, Yuan M, Guo YS, Shen XY, Gao ZK, Bi X. The role of enriched environment in neural development and repair. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:890666. [PMID: 35936498 PMCID: PMC9350910 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.890666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to genetic information, environmental factors play an important role in the structure and function of nervous system and the occurrence and development of some nervous system diseases. Enriched environment (EE) can not only promote normal neural development through enhancing neuroplasticity but also play a nerve repair role in restoring functional activities during CNS injury by morphological and cellular and molecular adaptations in the brain. Different stages of development after birth respond to the environment to varying degrees. Therefore, we systematically review the pro-developmental and anti-stress value of EE during pregnancy, pre-weaning, and “adolescence” and analyze the difference in the effects of EE and its sub-components, especially with physical exercise. In our exploration of potential mechanisms that promote neurodevelopment, we have found that not all sub-components exert maximum value throughout the developmental phase, such as animals that do not respond to physical activity before weaning, and that EE is not superior to its sub-components in all respects. EE affects the developing and adult brain, resulting in some neuroplastic changes in the microscopic and macroscopic anatomy, finally contributing to enhanced learning and memory capacity. These positive promoting influences are particularly prominent regarding neural repair after neurobiological disorders. Taking cerebral ischemia as an example, we analyzed the molecular mediators of EE promoting repair from various dimensions. We found that EE does not always lead to positive effects on nerve repair, such as infarct size. In view of the classic issues such as standardization and relativity of EE have been thoroughly discussed, we finally focus on analyzing the essentiality of the time window of EE action and clinical translation in order to devote to the future research direction of EE and rapid and reasonable clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Yuan
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Sha Guo
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Ya Shen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Graduate School, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Kun Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Graduate School, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Bi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xia Bi
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Farajdokht F, Oghbaei F, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Majdi A, Aghsan SR, Farhoudi M, Vahidi-Eyrisofla N, Mahmoudi J. Cerebrolysin® and environmental enrichment, alone or in combination, ameliorate anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in a post-ischemic depression model in mice. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106519. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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18
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Wu XM, Ji MH, Yin XY, Gu HW, Zhu TT, Wang RZ, Yang JJ, Shen JC. Reduced inhibition underlies early life LPS exposure induced-cognitive impairment: Prevention by environmental enrichment. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108724. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Effect of prior exposure to enriched environment on cellular apoptosis after experimental stroke. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:6541-6551. [PMID: 35507114 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07494-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence, including our previous studies, has demonstrated that an enriched environment (EE) after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury improves neurofunctional recovery in rats. However, whether EE exposure prior to injury could play a neuroprotective role in stroke has seldom been investigated. In this study, we examined the neuroprotective effects of prior exposure to EE and investigated the potential anti-apoptotic effect in rats after cerebral I/R injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats were housed in EE or standard conditions (SC) for four weeks and then randomly assigned to receive 120 min of right middle cerebral occlusion (MCAO) or sham operation. Based on the housing environment and the procedure they underwent, the rats were divided into the following three groups: preischemic EE + MCAO (PIEE), preischemic SC + MCAO (PISC) and preischemic SC + sham-operated (sham). Forty-eight hours after the operation, the rats were subjected to a series of assessments. We found that prior exposure to EE improved functional outcomes, reduced infarct volume and attenuated histological damage. The apoptotic cell numbers in the ischemic penumbra cortex decreased in PIEE group, as did the p53, PUMA, Bax and AIF expression levels. The protein expression of Bcl-2 and HSP70 was increased in the PIEE group compared with the PISC group. PIEE treatment also significantly increased the BDNF level in the ischemic penumbra. In addition, inhibition of cell apoptosis and upregulation of BDNF expression levels were correlated with the improved functional recovery of MCAO rats. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that EE preconditioning inhibited cell apoptosis and upregulated BDNF expression in the penumbra of MCAO rats, which may contribute to neurofunctional recovery after stroke.
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Han G, Song L, Ding Z, Wang Q, Yan Y, Huang J, Ma C. The Important Double-Edged Role of Astrocytes in Neurovascular Unit After Ischemic Stroke. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:833431. [PMID: 35462697 PMCID: PMC9021601 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.833431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, neurovascular unit (NVU) which is composed of neurons, astrocytes (Ast), microglia (MG), vascular cells and extracellular matrix (ECM), has become an attractive field in ischemic stroke. As the important component of NVU, Ast closely interacts with other constituents, which has been playing double-edged sword roles, beneficial or detrimental after ischemic stroke. Based on the pathophysiological changes, we evaluated some strategies for targeting Ast in treating ischemic stroke. The present review is focused on the roles of Ast in NVU and its complex signaling molecular network after ischemic stroke, which may be a prospective approach to the treatment of ischemic diseases in central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyuan Han
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sinopharm Tongmei General Hospital, Datong, China
| | - Lijuan Song
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Lijuan Song,
| | - Zhibin Ding
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qing Wang
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yuqing Yan
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
- Yuqing Yan,
| | - Jianjun Huang
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sinopharm Tongmei General Hospital, Datong, China
- Jianjun Huang,
| | - Cungen Ma
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
- Cungen Ma,
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21
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Durán-Carabali LE, Odorcyk FK, Sanches EF, de Mattos MM, Anschau F, Netto CA. Effect of environmental enrichment on behavioral and morphological outcomes following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia in rodent models: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:1970-1991. [PMID: 35040041 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02730-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in newborns and, despite recent advances in neonatal intensive care, there is no definitive treatment for this pathology. Once preclinical studies have shown that environmental enrichment (EE) seems to be a promising therapy for children with HI, the present study conducts a systematic review and meta-analysis of articles with EE in HI rodent models focusing on neurodevelopmental reflexes, motor and cognitive function as well as brain damage. The protocol was registered a priori at PROSPERO. The search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases, resulting in the inclusion of 22 articles. Interestingly, EE showed a beneficial impact on neurodevelopmental reflexes (SMD= -0.73, CI= [-0.98; -0.47], p< 0.001, I2= 0.0%), motor function (SMD= -0.55, CI= [-0.81; -0.28], p< 0.001, I2= 62.6%), cognitive function (SMD= -0.93, CI= [-1.14; -0.72], p< 0.001, I2= 27.8%) and brain damage (SMD= -0.80, CI= [-1.03; -0.58], p< 0.001, I2= 10.7%). The main factors that potentiate EE positive effects were enhanced study quality, earlier age at injury as well as earlier start and longer duration of EE exposure. Overall, EE was able to counteract the behavioral and histological damage induced by the lesion, being a promising therapeutic strategy for HI.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Durán-Carabali
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - F K Odorcyk
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - E F Sanches
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M M de Mattos
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - F Anschau
- Medicine school, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduation Program on Evaluation and Production of Technologies for the Brazilian National Health System, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - C A Netto
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil. .,Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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22
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Wang Y, Wang X, Li Y, Xue Z, Shao R, Li L, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Yang J. Xuanfei Baidu Decoction reduces acute lung injury by regulating infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages via PD-1/IL17A pathway. Pharmacol Res 2022; 176:106083. [PMID: 35033647 PMCID: PMC8757644 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenic hyper-inflammatory response has been revealed as the major cause of the severity and death of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Xuanfei Baidu Decoction (XFBD) as one of the "three medicines and three prescriptions" for the clinically effective treatment of COVID-19 in China, shows unique advantages in the control of symptomatic transition from moderate to severe disease states. However, the roles of XFBD to against hyper-inflammatory response and its mechanism remain unclear. Here, we established acute lung injury (ALI) model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), presenting a hyperinflammatory process to explore the pharmacodynamic effect and molecular mechanism of XFBD on ALI. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that XFBD inhibited the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α and iNOS activity in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. In vivo, we confirmed that XFBD improved pulmonary injury via down-regulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α and IL1-β as well as macrophages and neutrophils infiltration in LPS-induced ALI mice. Mechanically, we revealed that XFBD treated LPS-induced acute lung injury through PD-1/IL17A pathway which regulates the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages. Additionally, one major compound from XFBD, i.e. glycyrrhizic acid, shows a high binding affinity with IL17A. In conclusion, we demonstrated the therapeutic effects of XFBD, which provides the immune foundations of XFBD and fatherly support its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhifeng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Rui Shao
- State Key Laboratory of component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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23
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Chen A, Chen X, Deng J, Zheng X. Research advances in the role of endogenous neurogenesis on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:986452. [PMID: 36299701 PMCID: PMC9589272 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.986452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is the main cause of perinatal mortality and neurologic complications in neonates, but it remains difficult to cure due to scarce treatments and complex molecular mechanisms remaining incompletely explained. Recent, mounting evidence shows that endogenous neurogenesis can improve neonatal neurological dysfunction post-HIBD. However, the capacity for spontaneous endogenous neurogenesis is limited and insufficient for replacing neurons lost to brain damage. Therefore, it is of great clinical value and social significance to seek therapeutic techniques that promote endogenous neurogenesis, to reduce neonatal neurological dysfunction from HIBD. This review summarizes the known neuroprotective effects of, and treatments targeting, endogenous neurogenesis following neonatal HIBD, to provide available targets and directions and a theoretical basis for the treatment of neonatal neurological dysfunction from HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Emergency Medical Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Co-Constructed Laboratory of "Belt and Road", Fuzhou, China
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24
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Neuroinflammation in Cerebral Ischemia and Ischemia/Reperfusion Injuries: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010014. [PMID: 35008440 PMCID: PMC8744548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Its increasing incidence has led stroke to be the second leading cause of death worldwide. Despite significant advances in recanalization strategies, patients are still at risk for ischemia/reperfusion injuries in this pathophysiology, in which neuroinflammation is significantly involved. Research has shown that in the acute phase, neuroinflammatory cascades lead to apoptosis, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, cerebral edema, and hemorrhagic transformation, while in later stages, these pathways support tissue repair and functional recovery. The present review discusses the various cell types and the mechanisms through which neuroinflammation contributes to parenchymal injury and tissue repair, as well as therapeutic attempts made in vitro, in animal experiments, and in clinical trials which target neuroinflammation, highlighting future therapeutic perspectives.
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25
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Leal-Galicia P, Chávez-Hernández ME, Mata F, Mata-Luévanos J, Rodríguez-Serrano LM, Tapia-de-Jesús A, Buenrostro-Jáuregui MH. Adult Neurogenesis: A Story Ranging from Controversial New Neurogenic Areas and Human Adult Neurogenesis to Molecular Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11489. [PMID: 34768919 PMCID: PMC8584254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of new neurons in the adult brain is a currently accepted phenomenon. Over the past few decades, the subventricular zone and the hippocampal dentate gyrus have been described as the two main neurogenic niches. Neurogenic niches generate new neurons through an asymmetric division process involving several developmental steps. This process occurs throughout life in several species, including humans. These new neurons possess unique properties that contribute to the local circuitry. Despite several efforts, no other neurogenic zones have been observed in many years; the lack of observation is probably due to technical issues. However, in recent years, more brain niches have been described, once again breaking the current paradigms. Currently, a debate in the scientific community about new neurogenic areas of the brain, namely, human adult neurogenesis, is ongoing. Thus, several open questions regarding new neurogenic niches, as well as this phenomenon in adult humans, their functional relevance, and their mechanisms, remain to be answered. In this review, we discuss the literature and provide a compressive overview of the known neurogenic zones, traditional zones, and newly described zones. Additionally, we will review the regulatory roles of some molecular mechanisms, such as miRNAs, neurotrophic factors, and neurotrophins. We also join the debate on human adult neurogenesis, and we will identify similarities and differences in the literature and summarize the knowledge regarding these interesting topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Leal-Galicia
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico; (M.E.C.-H.); (F.M.); (J.M.-L.); (L.M.R.-S.); (A.T.-d.-J.)
| | - María Elena Chávez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico; (M.E.C.-H.); (F.M.); (J.M.-L.); (L.M.R.-S.); (A.T.-d.-J.)
| | - Florencia Mata
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico; (M.E.C.-H.); (F.M.); (J.M.-L.); (L.M.R.-S.); (A.T.-d.-J.)
| | - Jesús Mata-Luévanos
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico; (M.E.C.-H.); (F.M.); (J.M.-L.); (L.M.R.-S.); (A.T.-d.-J.)
| | - Luis Miguel Rodríguez-Serrano
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico; (M.E.C.-H.); (F.M.); (J.M.-L.); (L.M.R.-S.); (A.T.-d.-J.)
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Alimentación, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Tapia-de-Jesús
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico; (M.E.C.-H.); (F.M.); (J.M.-L.); (L.M.R.-S.); (A.T.-d.-J.)
| | - Mario Humberto Buenrostro-Jáuregui
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico; (M.E.C.-H.); (F.M.); (J.M.-L.); (L.M.R.-S.); (A.T.-d.-J.)
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26
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Liu J, Zheng J, Xu Y, Cao W, Wang J, Wang B, Zhao L, Zhang X, Liao W. Enriched Environment Attenuates Pyroptosis to Improve Functional Recovery After Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:717644. [PMID: 34646128 PMCID: PMC8504677 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.717644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enriched environment (EE) is a complex containing social, cognitive, and motor stimuli. Exposure to EE can promote functional recovery after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the underlying mechanisms remained unclear. Pyroptosis has recently been identified and demonstrated a significant role in ischemic stroke. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of EE on neuronal pyroptosis after cerebral I/R injury. In the current study, middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) was applied to establish the cerebral I/R injury model. Behavior tests including the modified Neurological Severity Scores (mNSS) and the Morris Water Maze (MWM) were performed. The infarct volume was evaluated by Nissl staining. To evaluate the levels of pyroptosis-related proteins, the levels of GSDMD-N and nod-like receptor protein 1/3 (NLRP1/3) inflammasome-related proteins were examined. The mRNA levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were detected by Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR). The secretion levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were analyzed by ELISA. Also, the expression of p65 and p-p65 were detected. The results showed that EE treatment improved functional recovery, reduced infarct volume, attenuated neuronal pyroptosis after cerebral I/R injury. EE treatment also suppressed the activities of NLRP1/NLRP3 inflammasomes. These may be affected by inhabiting the NF-κB p65 signaling pathway. Our findings suggested that neuronal pyroptosis was probably the neuroprotective mechanism that EE treatment rescued neurological deficits after I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenyue Cao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinchen Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biru Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Linyao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weijing Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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27
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Berlet R, Anthony S, Brooks B, Wang ZJ, Sadanandan N, Shear A, Cozene B, Gonzales-Portillo B, Parsons B, Salazar FE, Lezama Toledo AR, Monroy GR, Gonzales-Portillo JV, Borlongan CV. Combination of Stem Cells and Rehabilitation Therapies for Ischemic Stroke. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1316. [PMID: 34572529 PMCID: PMC8468342 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation with rehabilitation therapy presents an effective stroke treatment. Here, we discuss current breakthroughs in stem cell research along with rehabilitation strategies that may have a synergistic outcome when combined together after stroke. Indeed, stem cell transplantation offers a promising new approach and may add to current rehabilitation therapies. By reviewing the pathophysiology of stroke and the mechanisms by which stem cells and rehabilitation attenuate this inflammatory process, we hypothesize that a combined therapy will provide better functional outcomes for patients. Using current preclinical data, we explore the prominent types of stem cells, the existing theories for stem cell repair, rehabilitation treatments inside the brain, rehabilitation modalities outside the brain, and evidence pertaining to the benefits of combined therapy. In this review article, we assess the advantages and disadvantages of using stem cell transplantation with rehabilitation to mitigate the devastating effects of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reed Berlet
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Rd, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA;
| | - Stefan Anthony
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Boulevard, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
| | - Beverly Brooks
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.B.); (Z.-J.W.)
| | - Zhen-Jie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.B.); (Z.-J.W.)
| | | | - Alex Shear
- University of Florida, 205 Fletcher Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Blaise Cozene
- Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Ave, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA;
| | | | - Blake Parsons
- Washington and Lee University, 204 W Washington St, Lexington, VA 24450, USA;
| | - Felipe Esparza Salazar
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.E.S.); (A.R.L.T.); (G.R.M.)
| | - Alma R. Lezama Toledo
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.E.S.); (A.R.L.T.); (G.R.M.)
| | - Germán Rivera Monroy
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.E.S.); (A.R.L.T.); (G.R.M.)
| | | | - Cesario V. Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.B.); (Z.-J.W.)
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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28
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Zhang S, Shang D, Shi H, Teng W, Tian L. Function of Astrocytes in Neuroprotection and Repair after Ischemic Stroke. Eur Neurol 2021; 84:426-434. [PMID: 34455410 DOI: 10.1159/000517378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astrocytes are the most numerous cell types within the central nervous system, and many efforts have been put into determining the exact role of astrocytes in neuroprotection and repair after ischemic stroke. Although numerous studies have been done in recent years, there is still no thorough understanding of the exact function of astrocytes in the whole course of the stroke. SUMMARY According to the recent literature, there are many structures and factors that play important roles in the process of ischemic stroke, among which blood-brain barrier, various growth factors, gap junctions, AQP4, and glial scars have been studied most comprehensively, and all these factors are closely related to astrocytes. The role of astrocytes in ischemic stroke, therefore, can be analyzed more comprehensively. Key Message: The present review mainly summarized the current knowledge about astrocytes and their potential roles after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufen Zhang
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,
| | - Deshu Shang
- Cell Biology Division, Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Han Shi
- The First Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiyu Teng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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29
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Gresita A, Mihai R, Hermann DM, Amandei FS, Capitanescu B, Popa-Wagner A. Effect of environmental enrichment and isolation on behavioral and histological indices following focal ischemia in old rats. GeroScience 2021; 44:211-228. [PMID: 34382128 PMCID: PMC8811116 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00432-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a disease of aging. In stroke patients, the enriched group that received stimulating physical, eating, socializing, and group activities resulted in higher activity levels including spending more time on upper limb, communal socializing, listening and iPad activities. While environmental enrichment has been shown to improve the behavioral outcome of stroke in young animals, the effect of an enriched environment on behavioral recuperation and histological markers of cellular proliferation, neuroinflammation, and neurogenesis in old subjects is not known. We used behavioral testing and immunohistochemistry to assess the effect of environment on post-stroke recovery of young and aged rats kept either in isolation or stimulating social, motor, and sensory environment (( +)Env). We provide evidence that post-stroke animals environmental enrichment ( +)Env had a significant positive effect on recovery on the rotating pole, the inclined plane, and the labyrinth test. Old age exerted a small but significant effect on lesion size, which was independent of the environment. Further, a smaller infarct volume positively correlated with better recovery of spatial learning based on positive reinforcement, working and reference memory of young, and to a lesser extent, old animals kept in ( +)Env. Histologically, isolation/impoverishment was associated with an increased number of proliferating inflammatory cells expressing ED1 cells in the peri-infarcted area of old but not young rats. Further, ( +)Env and young age were associated with an increased number of neuroepithelial cells expressing nestin/BrdU as well as beta III tubulin cells in the damaged brain area which correlated with an increased performance on the inclined plane and rotating pole. Finally, ( +)Env and an increased number of neurons expressing doublecortin/BrdU cells exerted a significant effect on performance for working memory and performance on the rotating pole in both age groups. A stimulating social, motor and sensory environment had a limited beneficial effect on behavioral recovery (working memory and rotating pole) after stroke in old rats by reducing neuroinflammation and increasing the number of neuronal precursors expressing doublecortin. Old age however, exerted a small but significant effect on lesion size, which was independent of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Gresita
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - Ruscu Mihai
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology Chair of Vascular Neurology and Dementia, University of Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Aurel Popa-Wagner
- Department of Neurology Chair of Vascular Neurology and Dementia, University of Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany. .,Griffith University Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia. .,Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania.
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30
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Zhang Y, Xie B, Yuan Y, Zhou T, Xiao P, Wu Y, Shang Y, Yuan S, Zhang J. (R,S)-Ketamine Promotes Striatal Neurogenesis and Sensorimotor Recovery Through Improving Poststroke Depression–Mediated Decrease in Atrial Natriuretic Peptide. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 1:90-100. [PMID: 36324997 PMCID: PMC9616367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Poststroke social isolation could worsen poststroke depression and dampen neurogenesis. (R,S)-ketamine has antidepressant and neuroprotective effects; however, its roles and mechanisms in social isolation–mediated depressive-like behaviors and sensorimotor recovery remain unclear. Methods Mice were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, and then were pair-housed with ovariectomized female mice or were housed isolated (ISO) starting at 3 days postischemia. ISO mice received 2 weeks of (R,S)-ketamine treatment starting at 14 days postischemia. Primary ependymal epithelial cells and choroid plexus epithelial cells were cultured and treated with recombinant human atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) protein. Results The poststroke social isolation model was successfully established using middle cerebral artery occlusion combined with poststroke isolation, as demonstrated by a more prominent depression-like phenotype in ISO mice compared with pair-housed mice. (R,S)-ketamine reversed ISO-mediated depressive-like behaviors and increased ANP levels in the atrium. The depression-like phenotype was negatively correlated with ANP levels in both the atrium and plasma. Atrial GLP-1 and GLP-1 receptor signaling was essential to the promoting effects of (R,S)-ketamine on the synthesis and secretion of ANP from the atrium in ISO mice. (R,S)-ketamine also increased ANP and TGF-β1 levels in the choroid plexus of ISO mice. Recombinant human ANP increased TGF-β1 levels in both the primarily cultured ependymal epithelial cells and choroid plexus epithelial cells. Furthermore, (R,S)-ketamine increased TGF-β1 levels in the ischemic hemisphere and promoted striatal neurogenesis and sensorimotor recovery via ANP in ISO mice. Conclusions (R,S)-ketamine alleviated poststroke ISO-mediated depressive-like behaviors and thus promoted striatal neurogenesis and sensorimotor recovery via ANP.
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31
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Chen H, Li S, Xu W, Hong Y, Dou R, Shen H, Liu X, Wu T, He JC. Interleukin-17A promotes the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neuronal cells. Tissue Cell 2021; 69:101482. [PMID: 33418236 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia or hemorrhagic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and permanent disability in the worldwide population. As a consequence of the potential increasing in stroke, stem cell therapy is currently an area of intense focus. However, there are less data available regarding the promotion of healing efficacy after stroke. The present study aimed to investigate whether the cytokine interleukin-17A (IL-17A) could have a role in promoting the neuronal differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and to investigate the associated molecular mechanism. Firstly, different concentration of IL-17A at range from 5-40 ng/mL was applied to stimulate bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs) during the course of neurogenic differentiation. Then reverse transcription-PCR, histological analyses and immunofluorescence assays were used to determine the optimum concentration of IL-17A in promoting the neuronal differentiation of BMSCs, which was 20 ng/mL. Mechanistically, Wnt signaling pathway was activated and Notch signaling pathway was suppressed. In addition, there were antergic effect of these two signaling pathways modulating the neurogenic differentiation of BMSCs induced by IL-17A. The present study demonstrated the potential role of IL-17A-based BMSCs strategy for promoting neuronal differentiation in vitro. However, the treatment efficacy could be considerably confirmed in animals with ischemia stroke. Therefore, a more sophisticated strategy that addresses the complicated treatment associated with stroke is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Chen
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, 69 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Shasha Li
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, 69 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Wanting Xu
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, 69 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Yongfeng Hong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230061, China
| | - Rengang Dou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230061, China
| | - Hongtao Shen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230061, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230061, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, 69 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.
| | - Jia Cai He
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, 69 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.
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Rahman AA, Amruta N, Pinteaux E, Bix GJ. Neurogenesis After Stroke: A Therapeutic Perspective. Transl Stroke Res 2021; 12:1-14. [PMID: 32862401 PMCID: PMC7803692 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00841-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Yet therapeutic strategies available to treat stroke are very limited. There is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutics that can effectively facilitate functional recovery. The injury that results from stroke is known to induce neurogenesis in penumbra of the infarct region. There is considerable interest in harnessing this response for therapeutic purposes. This review summarizes what is currently known about stroke-induced neurogenesis and the factors that have been identified to regulate it. Additionally, some key studies in this field have been highlighted and their implications on future of stroke therapy have been discussed. There is a complex interplay between neuroinflammation and neurogenesis that dictates stroke outcome and possibly recovery. This highlights the need for a better understanding of the neuroinflammatory process and how it affects neurogenesis, as well as the need to identify new mechanisms and potential modulators. Neuroinflammatory processes and their impact on post-stroke repair have therefore also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir A Rahman
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, Room 1349, 131 S. Robertson, Ste 1300, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Narayanappa Amruta
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, Room 1349, 131 S. Robertson, Ste 1300, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Emmanuel Pinteaux
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, A.V. Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Gregory J Bix
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, Room 1349, 131 S. Robertson, Ste 1300, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Manole MD, Hook MJA, Nicholas MA, Nelson BP, Liu AC, Stezoski QC, Rowley AP, Cheng JP, Alexander H, Moschonas EH, Bondi CO, Kline AE. Preclinical neurorehabilitation with environmental enrichment confers cognitive and histological benefits in a model of pediatric asphyxial cardiac arrest. Exp Neurol 2021; 335:113522. [PMID: 33152354 PMCID: PMC7954134 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric asphyxial cardiac arrest (ACA) often leaves children with physical, cognitive, and emotional disabilities that affect overall quality of life, yet rehabilitation is neither routinely nor systematically provided. Environmental enrichment (EE) is considered a preclinical model of neurorehabilitation and thus we sought to investigate its efficacy in our established model of pediatric ACA. Male Sprague-Dawley rat pups (post-natal day 16-18) were randomly assigned to ACA (9.5 min) or Sham injury. After resuscitation, the rats were assigned to 21 days of EE or standard (STD) housing during which time motor, cognitive, and anxiety-like (i.e., affective) outcomes were assessed. Hippocampal CA1 cells were quantified on post-operative day-22. Both ACA + STD and ACA + EE performed worse on beam-balance vs. Sham controls (p < 0.05) and did not differ from one another overall (p > 0.05); however, a single day analysis on the last day of testing revealed that the ACA + EE group performed better than the ACA + STD group (p < 0.05) and did not differ from the Sham controls (p > 0.05). Both Sham groups performed better than ACA + STD (p < 0.05) but did not differ from ACA + EE (p > 0.05) in the open field test. Spatial learning and declarative memory were improved and CA1 neuronal loss was attenuated in the ACA + EE vs. ACA + STD group (p < 0.05). Collectively, the data suggest that providing rehabilitation after pediatric ACA can reduce histopathology and improve motor and cognitive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mioara D Manole
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
| | - Marcus J A Hook
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Melissa A Nicholas
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Brittany P Nelson
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Adanna C Liu
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Quinn C Stezoski
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Andrew P Rowley
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey P Cheng
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Henry Alexander
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Department of Critical Care, Medicine University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Eleni H Moschonas
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Corina O Bondi
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Anthony E Kline
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Department of Critical Care, Medicine University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
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Deng YH, Dong LL, Zhang YJ, Zhao XM, He HY. Enriched environment boosts the post-stroke recovery of neurological function by promoting autophagy. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:813-819. [PMID: 33229714 PMCID: PMC8178758 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.297084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis, and can be activated after ischemic stroke. It also participates in nerve injury and repair. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether an enriched environment has neuroprotective effects through affecting autophagy. A Sprague-Dawley rat model of transient ischemic stroke was prepared by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery followed by reperfusion. One week after surgery, these rats were raised in either a standard environment or an enriched environment for 4 successive weeks. The enriched environment increased Beclin-1 expression and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio in the autophagy/lysosomal pathway in the penumbra of middle cerebral artery-occluded rats. Enriched environment-induced elevations in autophagic activity were mainly observed in neurons. Enriched environment treatment also promoted the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes, enhanced the lysosomal activities of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1, cathepsin B, and cathepsin D, and reduced the expression of ubiquitin and p62. After 4 weeks of enriched environment treatment, neurological deficits and neuronal death caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion were significantly alleviated, and infarct volume was significantly reduced. These findings suggest that neuronal autophagy is likely the neuroprotective mechanism by which an enriched environment promotes recovery from ischemic stroke. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Kunming University of Science and Technology, China (approval No. 5301002013855) on March 1, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hao Deng
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ling-Ling Dong
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yong-Jie Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hong-Yun He
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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An Enriched Environment Enhances Angiogenesis Surrounding the Cingulum in Ischaemic Stroke Rats. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8840319. [PMID: 33273907 PMCID: PMC7676980 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8840319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An enriched environment (EE) has been demonstrated to improve functional recovery in animal models of ischaemic stroke through enhancing vascular endothelial growth factor- (VEGF-) mediated neuroprotection accompanied by angiogenesis in the ischaemic hemisphere. Whether EEs also promote VEGF-mediated neuroprotection and angiogenesis in the contralateral hemisphere remains unclear. Here, we explored the effect of EEs on VEGF expression and angiogenesis within the contralateral cerebral cortex in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/r) model. We assessed the expression levels of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31), VEGF, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the whole contralateral cerebral cortex using Western blotting assay but did not find an increase in the expression of CD31, VEGF, or eNOS in MCAO/r rats housed in EEs, which suggested that EEs did not enhance the overall expression of VEGF and eNOS or angiogenesis in the entire contralateral cortex. We further analysed the local effect of EEs by immunohistochemistry and found that in and around the bilateral cingulum in MCAO/r rats housed in EEs, haematopoietic progenitor cell antigen- (CD34-) positive endothelial progenitor cells were significantly increased compared with those of rats housed in standard cages (SCs). Further experiments showed that EEs increased neuronal VEGF expression surrounding the cingulum in MCAO/r rats and robustly upregulated eNOS expression. These results revealed that EEs enhanced angiogenesis, VEGF expression, and activation of the VEGF-eNOS pathway in and/or around the cingulum in MCAO/r rats, which were involved in the functional recovery of MCAO/r rats.
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Yang X, Song D, Chen L, Xiao H, Ma X, Jiang Q, Cheng O. Curcumin promotes neurogenesis of hippocampal dentate gyrus via Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway following cerebral ischemia in mice. Brain Res 2020; 1751:147197. [PMID: 33160958 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether curcumin promotes hippocampal neurogenesis in the cerebral ischemia (CI) mice via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into groups: sham operation group (Sham), cerebral ischemic group (CI), curcumin treatment group (50, 100 mg/kg/d, i.p.) and curcumin (100 mg/kg/d) + DKK1 (a blocker of Wnt receptor, 200 ng/d, icv) group. CI was induced by bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAO) for 20 min. The Morris water maze test was conducted to detect spatial learning and memory. Immunofluorescence staining was used to examine the proliferation and differentiation of immature neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. The proteins involved in neurogenesis and Wnt signaling pathway were examined using Western blot assay. RESULTS Curcumin significantly alleviated cognitive deficits induced by CI. Curcumin dose-dependently increased the proliferation of neural stem cells and promoted the differentiation and maturation of newly generated neural cells into neurons. Curcumin also increased the expression of proteins involved in neurogenesis (including Ngn2, Pax6 and NeuroD 1) and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Moreover, the forenamed effects of curcumin were abolished by pretreatment with DKK1, a blocker of Wnt receptor. CONCLUSION Curcumin promotes hippocampal neurogenesis by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to ameliorate cognitive deficits after acute CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Xiao
- The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojiao Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingsong Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Oumei Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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37
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Li M, Zhao Y, Zhan Y, Yang L, Feng X, Lu Y, Lei J, Zhao T, Wang L, Zhao H. Enhanced white matter reorganization and activated brain glucose metabolism by enriched environment following ischemic stroke: Micro PET/CT and MRI study. Neuropharmacology 2020; 176:108202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Milovanovic J, Arsenijevic A, Stojanovic B, Kanjevac T, Arsenijevic D, Radosavljevic G, Milovanovic M, Arsenijevic N. Interleukin-17 in Chronic Inflammatory Neurological Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:947. [PMID: 32582147 PMCID: PMC7283538 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical role for IL-17, a cytokine produced by T helper 17 (Th17) cells, has been indicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. A positive effect of blockade of IL-17 secreted by autoreactive T cells has been shown in various inflammatory diseases. Several cytokines, whose production is affected by environmental factors, control Th17 differentiation and its maintenance in tissues during chronic inflammation. The roles of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of chronic neuroinflammatory conditions, multiple sclerosis (MS), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), Alzheimer's disease, and ischemic brain injury are reviewed here. The role of environmental stimuli in Th17 differentiation is also summarized, highlighting the role of viral infection in the regulation of pathogenic T helper cells in EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Milovanovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Arsenijevic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bojana Stojanovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Kanjevac
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragana Arsenijevic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Gordana Radosavljevic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marija Milovanovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Xu S, Lu J, Shao A, Zhang JH, Zhang J. Glial Cells: Role of the Immune Response in Ischemic Stroke. Front Immunol 2020; 11:294. [PMID: 32174916 PMCID: PMC7055422 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, which accounts for 75-80% of all strokes, is the predominant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The post-stroke immune response has recently emerged as a new breakthrough target in the treatment strategy for ischemic stroke. Glial cells, including microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, are the primary components of the peri-infarct environment in the central nervous system (CNS) and have been implicated in post-stroke immune regulation. However, increasing evidence suggests that glial cells exert beneficial and detrimental effects during ischemic stroke. Microglia, which survey CNS homeostasis and regulate innate immune responses, are rapidly activated after ischemic stroke. Activated microglia release inflammatory cytokines that induce neuronal tissue injury. By contrast, anti-inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors secreted by alternatively activated microglia are beneficial for recovery after ischemic stroke. Astrocyte activation and reactive gliosis in ischemic stroke contribute to limiting brain injury and re-establishing CNS homeostasis. However, glial scarring hinders neuronal reconnection and extension. Neuroinflammation affects the demyelination and remyelination of oligodendrocytes. Myelin-associated antigens released from oligodendrocytes activate peripheral T cells, thereby resulting in the autoimmune response. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells, which can differentiate into oligodendrocytes, follow an ischemic stroke and may result in functional recovery. Herein, we discuss the mechanisms of post-stroke immune regulation mediated by glial cells and the interaction between glial cells and neurons. In addition, we describe the potential roles of various glial cells at different stages of ischemic stroke and discuss future intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenbin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianan Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Li MZ, Zhan Y, Yang L, Feng XF, Zou HY, Lei JF, Zhao T, Wang L, Zhao H. MRI Evaluation of Axonal Remodeling After Combination Treatment With Xiaoshuan Enteric-Coated Capsule and Enriched Environment in Rats After Ischemic Stroke. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1528. [PMID: 31920724 PMCID: PMC6930913 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Xiaoshuan enteric-coated capsule (XSEC) is a compound Chinese medicine widely used for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Enriched environment (EE) is a rehabilitative intervention designed to facilitate physical, cognitive, and social activity after brain injury. This study aimed to assess whether the XSEC and EE combination could provide synergistic efficacy in axonal remodeling compared to that with a single treatment after ischemic stroke using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) followed by histological analysis. Rats were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion and treated with XSEC and EE alone or in combination for 30 days. T2-weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were performed to examine the infarct volume and axonal remodeling, respectively. The co-localization of Ki67 with NG2 or CNPase was examined by immunofluorescence staining to assess oligodendrogenesis. The expressions of growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and growth inhibitors NogoA/Nogo receptor (NgR)/RhoA/Rho-associated kinase2 (ROCK2) were measured using western blot and qRT-PCR. The Morris water maze (MWM) was performed to evaluate the cognitive function. MRI and histological measurements indicated XSEC and EE individually benefited axonal reorganization after stroke. Notably, XSEC + EE decreased infarct volume compared with XSEC or EE monotherapy and increased ipsilateral residual volume compared with vehicle group. DTI showed XSEC + EE robustly increased fractional anisotropy while decreased axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity in the injured cortex, striatum, and external capsule. Meanwhile, diffusion tensor tractography revealed XSEC + EE elevated fiber density in the cortex and external capsule and increased fiber length in the striatum and external capsule compared with the monotherapies. These MRI measurements, confirmed by histology, showed that XSEC + EE promoted axonal restoration. Additionally, XSEC + EE amplified oligodendrogenesis, decreased the expressions of NogoA/NgR/RhoA/ROCK2, and increased the expression of GAP-43 in the peri-infarct tissues. In parallel to these findings, rats treated with XSEC + EE exhibited higher cognitive recovery than those treated with XSEC or EE monotherapy, as evidenced by MWM test. Taken together, our data implicated that XSEC + EE exerted synergistic effects on alleviating atrophy and encouraging axonal reorganization partially by promoting oligodendrogenesis and overcoming intrinsic growth-inhibitory signaling, thereby facilitating higher cognitive recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Zhong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Le Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Feng Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Feng Lei
- Medical Imaging Laboratory of Core Facility Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
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Yu K, Kuang S, Wang C, Wang Y, Liu G, Xie H, Jiang C, Wu J, Wang N, Wu Y. Changes in Mitochondria-Associated Protein Expression and Mitochondrial Function in Response to 2 Weeks of Enriched Environment Training After Cerebral Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 70:413-421. [PMID: 31782057 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An enriched environment (EE) can stimulate the recovery of neurological function following a cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury; however, the impact of EE's on mitochondrial function has been insufficiently studied. Our research aimed to assess whether EE's therapeutic impact involved the enhancement of mitochondrial dysfunction. Following 2 weeks of EE training, we tested both mitochondrial function and mitochondria-associated protein expression within the cerebral cortex following cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury. We subjected Sprague-Dawley rats to transient focal cerebral ischaemia and categorized the rats into three separate groups, i.e. an enriched environment (EE) group, a standard condition (SC) group and a sham control group (no middle cerebral artery embolization). The rats within the EE group were raised in enriched conditions for 2 weeks, while the rats within the SC group, in comparison, were reared in standard conditions for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks, the cerebral cortices of the rats were removed. We then measured a series of indices, i.e. the protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and mitochondrial protein cytochrome C oxidase subunit IV (COX IV). Furthermore, the number of mitochondria was evaluated through electron microscopy.EE upregulated the protein expression of PGC-1α, NRF-1 as well as TFAM, which function as the master regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis, in comparison with the SC group. The EE group's COX IV protein expression also exhibited an increase. Moreover, the amount of mitochondria in the peri-infarct region of the cortex increased as result of EE training. Over 2 weeks, EE training significantly increased mitochondrial biogenesis-associated protein expression and mitochondrial function. A possible mechanism of the EE leading to the improvement of neurological function is that it increases brain mitochondrial biogenesis after the rats' cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Mitochondrial biogenesis stimulation or enhancement could become an innovative strategy for neuroprotection in future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenyi Kuang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanjie Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyang Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Congyu Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfa Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nianhong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Li R, Li X, Wu H, Yang Z, Fei L, Zhu J. Theaflavin attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by abolishing miRNA‑128‑3p‑mediated Nrf2 inhibition and reducing oxidative stress. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4893-4904. [PMID: 31638230 PMCID: PMC6854549 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Theaflavin has been proven to own strong antioxidative capacity; however, the molecular mechanism underlying its protective effect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury remains unclear. Therefore, the present study was designed to elucidate the neuroprotective effects of theaflavin on cerebral I/R injury and its underlying molecular mechanisms. To investigate the effects of theaflavin on neurological function, neurogenesis, and oxidative stress, experiments were performed using a cerebral I/R injury rat model, and neural stem cells (NSCs) were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R). Further, the expression profiles of miRNA-128-3p and the regulatory function of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were evaluated in these models. We found that theaflavin treatment significantly reduced infarct volume and neuronal injury, and thus improved the impaired memory and learning ability. Furthermore, theaflavin treatment significantly enhanced the increase in NSC proliferation, reduction in the apoptotic rate and inhibition of oxidative stress. Mechanistically, theaflavin targeted miRNA-128-3p and further activated the Nrf2 pathway to reduce oxidative stress. In summary, theaflavin has a strong ability to attenuate cerebral I/R injury through miRNA-128-3p-mediated recovery of the impaired antioxidant defense system, which suggests that it could be a potential drug candidate for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronggang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Huashan Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Imaging, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Haibing Wu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Zhikun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Li Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Jianhong Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Huashan Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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The Impact of Uremic Toxins on Cerebrovascular and Cognitive Disorders. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10070303. [PMID: 30037144 PMCID: PMC6071092 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10070303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals at all stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher risk of developing cognitive disorders and dementia. Stroke is also highly prevalent in this population and is associated with a higher risk of neurological deterioration, in-hospital mortality, and poor functional outcomes. Evidence from in vitro studies and in vivo animal experiments suggests that accumulation of uremic toxins may contribute to the pathogenesis of stroke and amplify vascular damage, leading to cognitive disorders and dementia. This review summarizes current evidence on the mechanisms by which uremic toxins may favour the occurrence of cerebrovascular diseases and neurological complications in CKD.
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