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Aberizk K, Addington JM, Bearden CE, Cadenhead KS, Cannon TD, Cornblatt BA, Keshavan M, Mathalon DH, Perkins DO, Stone WS, Tsuang MT, Woods SW, Walker EF, Ku BS. Relations of Lifetime Perceived Stress and Basal Cortisol With Hippocampal Volume Among Healthy Adolescents and Those at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 96:401-411. [PMID: 38092185 PMCID: PMC11166888 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hippocampal volume (HV) is sensitive to environmental influences. Under normative conditions in humans, HV increases linearly into childhood and asymptotes in early adulthood. Studies of humans and nonhuman animals have provided evidence of inverse relationships between several measures of stress and HV. METHODS Using structural equation modeling, this study aimed to characterize the relationships of age, basal cortisol, biological sex, and lifetime perceived stress with bilateral HV in a sample of healthy adolescents and adolescents at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) (N = 571, 43% female; age range = 12-19.9 years). This sample included 469 individuals at CHR-P and 102 healthy comparison participants from the combined baseline cohorts of the second and third NAPLS (North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study). RESULTS A structural model that constrained the individual effects of basal cortisol and perceived stress to single path coefficients, and freely estimated the effects of age and biological sex in group models, optimized model fit and parsimony relative to other candidate models. Significant inverse relationships between basal cortisol and bilateral HV were observed in adolescents at CHR-P and healthy comparison participants. Significant sex differences in bilateral HV were also observed, with females demonstrating smaller HV than males in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Multigroup structural equation modeling revealed heterogeneity in the relationships of age and biological sex with basal cortisol, lifetime perceived stress, and bilateral HV in individuals at CHR-P and healthy comparison participants. Moreover, the findings support previous literature indicating that elevated basal cortisol is a nonspecific risk factor for reduced HV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Aberizk
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Jean M Addington
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Diana O Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - William S Stone
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ming T Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Scott W Woods
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Elaine F Walker
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Benson S Ku
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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2
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Das SC, Schulmann A, Callor WB, Jerominski L, Panicker MM, Christensen ED, Bunney WE, Williams ME, Coon H, Vawter MP. Altered transcriptomes, cell type proportions, and dendritic spine morphology in hippocampus of suicide decedents. J Affect Disord 2024; 367:118-128. [PMID: 39191313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a manner of death resulting from complex environmental and genetic risks that affect millions of people globally. Both structural and functional studies identified the hippocampus as one of the vulnerable brain regions contributing to suicide risk. METHODS We have identified the hippocampal tissue transcriptomes, gene ontology, cell type proportions, and dendritic spine morphology in controls (n = 28) and suicide decedents (n = 22). In addition, the transcriptomic signature in iPSC-derived neuronal precursor cells (NPCs) and neurons were also investigated in controls (n = 2) and suicide decedents (n = 2). RESULTS The hippocampal tissue transcriptomic data revealed that NPAS4 gene expression was downregulated while ALDH1A2, NAAA, and MLXIPL gene expressions were upregulated in hippocampal tissue of suicide decedents. The gene ontology identified 29 significant pathways including NPAS4-associated gene ontology terms "excitatory post-synaptic potential", "regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential" and "long-term memory" indicating alteration of glutamatergic synapses in the hippocampus of suicide decedents. The cell type deconvolution identified decreased excitatory neuron proportion and an increased inhibitory neuron proportion providing evidence of excitation/inhibition imbalance in the hippocampus of suicide decedents. In addition, suicide decedents had increased dendric spine density in the hippocampus, due to an increase of thin (relatively unstable) dendritic spines, compared to controls. The transcriptomes of iPSC-derived hippocampal-like NPCs and neurons revealed 31 and 33 differentially expressed genes in NPC and neurons, respectively, of suicide decedents. CONCLUSIONS Our findings will provide new insights into the hippocampal neuropathology of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan C Das
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - William B Callor
- Office of Medical Examiner, Utah Department of Health and Human Services, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Leslie Jerominski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mitradas M Panicker
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Erik D Christensen
- Office of Medical Examiner, Utah Department of Health and Human Services, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - William E Bunney
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Megan E Williams
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah School of Medicine, UT, USA
| | - Hilary Coon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Marquis P Vawter
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Han S. Bayesian Rare Variant Analysis Identifies Novel Schizophrenia Putative Risk Genes. J Pers Med 2024; 14:822. [PMID: 39202013 PMCID: PMC11355493 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14080822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The genetics of schizophrenia is so complex that it involves both common variants and rare variants. Rare variant association studies of schizophrenia are challenging because statistical methods for rare variant analysis are under-powered due to the rarity of rare variants. The recent Schizophrenia Exome meta-analysis (SCHEMA) consortium, the largest consortium in this field to date, has successfully identified 10 schizophrenia risk genes from ultra-rare variants by burden test, while more risk genes remain to be discovered by more powerful rare variant association test methods. In this study, we use a recently developed Bayesian rare variant association method that is powerful for detecting sparse rare risk variants that implicates 88 new candidate risk genes associated with schizophrenia from the SCHEMA case-control sample. These newly identified genes are significantly enriched in autism risk genes and GO enrichment analysis indicates that new candidate risk genes are involved in mechanosensory behavior, regulation of cell size, neuron projection morphogenesis, and plasma-membrane-bounded cell projection morphogenesis, that may provide new insights on the etiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengtong Han
- School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA
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Guo N, Wang X, Xu M, Bai J, Yu H, Le Zhang. PI3K/AKT signaling pathway: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential in depression. Pharmacol Res 2024; 206:107300. [PMID: 38992850 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a serious global mental disorder. Numerous studies have found that depression may be closely related to decreased neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter imbalance, and synaptic plasticity dysfunction. The pathogenesis of depression is complex and involves multiple signal transduction pathways and molecular changes. The PI3K/AKT pathway is an essential signaling pathways in neurons, which is widely expressed in emotion-related regions of the brain. Therefore, the PI3K/AKT pathway may play a moderating role in mood disorders. However, the role and mechanism of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in depression have not been fully described. This review systematically summarized the role of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of depression and discussed its potential in the treatment of depression. This will help in the treatment of depression and the development of antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Guo
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Radiation Therapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Muran Xu
- Clinical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
| | - Hao Yu
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.
| | - Le Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
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Zhang WJ, Guo ZX, Wang YD, Fang SY, Wan CM, Yu XL, Guo XF, Chen YY, Zhou X, Huang JQ, Li XJ, Chen JX, Fan LL. From Perspective of Hippocampal Plasticity: Function of Antidepressant Chinese Medicine Xiaoyaosan. Chin J Integr Med 2024; 30:747-758. [PMID: 38900227 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-024-3908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampus is one of the most commonly studied brain regions in the context of depression. The volume of the hippocampus is significantly reduced in patients with depression, which severely disrupts hippocampal neuroplasticity. However, antidepressant therapies that target hippocampal neuroplasticity have not been identified as yet. Chinese medicine (CM) can slow the progression of depression, potentially by modulating hippocampal neuroplasticity. Xiaoyaosan (XYS) is a CM formula that has been clinically used for the treatment of depression. It is known to protect Gan (Liver) and Pi (Spleen) function, and may exert its antidepressant effects by regulating hippocampal neuroplasticity. In this review, we have summarized the association between depression and aberrant hippocampal neuroplasticity. Furthermore, we have discussed the researches published in the last 30 years on the effects of XYS on hippocampal neuroplasticity in order to elucidate the possible mechanisms underlying its therapeutic action against depression. The results of this review can aid future research on XYS for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Jing Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ze-Xuan Guo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yi-di Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shao-Yi Fang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Chun-Miao Wan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Long Yu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Guo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yue-Yue Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jun-Qing Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Li-Li Fan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Ku BS, Aberizk K, Feurer C, Yuan Q, Druss BG, Jeste DV, Walker EF. Aspects of Area Deprivation Index in Relation to Hippocampal Volume Among Children. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2416484. [PMID: 38865127 PMCID: PMC11170298 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.16484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Area deprivation index (ADI) has been shown to be associated with reduced hippocampal volume (HV) among youths. The social environment may interact with the association between ADI and HV. Objective To investigate which aspects of ADI are uniquely associated with bilateral HV and whether school and family environments have moderating interactions in associations between ADI and HV. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Participants aged 9 and 10 years were recruited from 21 sites in the US between September 2016 and August 2018. Data analysis was performed between March 2023 and April 2024. Exposures ADI aspects were derived from participant primary home addresses provided by parents or guardians. Main Outcomes and Measures HV was automatically segmented from structural brain images ascertained from magnetic resonance imaging. Multiple generalized linear mixed modeling tested associations between 9 indices of ADI and bilateral HV, with family groups and recruitment sites as random effects. After stepwise backward selection, models were adjusted for individual-level covariates, including age, sex, race and ethnicity, parental education, household income, and estimated intracranial volume. Results This study included 10 114 participants aged 9 and 10 years (median [IQR] age, 9.92 [9.33-10.48] years; 5294 male [52.3%]; 200 Asian [2.0%], 1411 Black [14.0%], and 6655 White [65.8%]; 1959 Hispanic [19.4%]). After stepwise backward selection and adjusting for covariates, only the percentage of neighborhood-level single-parent households was associated with right HV (adjusted β per 1-SD increase in single-parent households, -0.03; 95% CI, -0.06 to -0.01; P = .01). School environment interacted with neighborhood-level single-parent households in its association with right HV (adjusted β per 1-SD increase in score, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.03; P = .003), such that there was an inverse association only among those at a school with the mean environment score (adjusted β per 1% increase in single-parent households, -0.03; 95% CI, -0.05 to -0.01; P = .02) and worse (-1 SD score) school environment score (adjusted β per 1% increase in single-parent households, -0.05; 95% CI, -0.09 to -0.01; P < .001) but not among those at better (+1 SD score) school environments. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, an increased percentage of neighborhood-level single-parent households was associated with reduced right HV among children in schools with the mean or worse but not better environment score. These findings suggest that longitudinal research concerning the association of neighborhood-level characteristics and school environments with hippocampal development may be warranted to better understand complex interactions between various social factors and child neurodevelopment and mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson S. Ku
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Katrina Aberizk
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Cope Feurer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Qingyue Yuan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Benjamin G. Druss
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dilip V. Jeste
- Global Research Network on Social Determinants of Health and Exposomics, La Jolla, California
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Yamamoto M, Sakai M, Yu Z, Nakanishi M, Yoshii H. Glial Markers of Suicidal Behavior in the Human Brain-A Systematic Review of Postmortem Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5750. [PMID: 38891940 PMCID: PMC11171620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Suicide is a major public health priority, and its molecular mechanisms appear to be related to glial abnormalities and specific transcriptional changes. This study aimed to identify and synthesize evidence of the relationship between glial dysfunction and suicidal behavior to understand the neurobiology of suicide. As of 26 January 2024, 46 articles that met the inclusion criteria were identified by searching PubMed and ISI Web of Science. Most postmortem studies, including 30 brain regions, have determined no density or number of total Nissl-glial cell changes in suicidal patients with major psychiatric disorders. There were 17 astrocytic, 14 microglial, and 9 oligodendroglial studies using specific markers of each glial cell and further on their specific gene expression. Those studies suggest that astrocytic and oligodendroglial cells lost but activated microglia in suicides with affective disorder, bipolar disorders, major depression disorders, or schizophrenia in comparison with non-suicided patients and non-psychiatric controls. Although the data from previous studies remain complex and cannot fully explain the effects of glial cell dysfunction related to suicidal behaviors, they provide risk directions potentially leading to suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Yamamoto
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mai Sakai
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Zhiqian Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Miharu Nakanishi
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hatsumi Yoshii
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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8
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Li S, Yang D, Zhou X, Chen L, Liu L, Lin R, Li X, Liu Y, Qiu H, Cao H, Liu J, Cheng Q. Neurological and metabolic related pathophysiologies and treatment of comorbid diabetes with depression. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14497. [PMID: 37927197 PMCID: PMC11017426 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The comorbidity between diabetes mellitus and depression was revealed, and diabetes mellitus increased the prevalence of depressive disorder, which ranked 13th in the leading causes of disability-adjusted life-years. Insulin resistance, which is common in diabetes mellitus, has increased the risk of depressive symptoms in both humans and animals. However, the mechanisms behind the comorbidity are multi-factorial and complicated. There is still no causal chain to explain the comorbidity exactly. Moreover, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, insulin and metformin, which are recommended for treating diabetes mellitus-induced depression, were found to be a risk factor in some complications of diabetes. AIMS Given these problems, many researchers made remarkable efforts to analyze diabetes complicating depression from different aspects, including insulin resistance, stress and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis, neurological system, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Drug therapy, such as Hydrogen Sulfide, Cannabidiol, Ascorbic Acid and Hesperidin, are conducive to alleviating diabetes mellitus and depression. Here, we reviewed the exact pathophysiology underlying the comorbidity between depressive disorder and diabetes mellitus and drug therapy. METHODS The review refers to the available literature in PubMed and Web of Science, searching critical terms related to diabetes mellitus, depression and drug therapy. RESULTS In this review, we found that brain structure and function, neurogenesis, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glucose and lipid metabolism were involved in the pathophysiology of the comorbidity. Obesity might lead to diabetes mellitus and depression through reduced adiponectin and increased leptin and resistin. In addition, drug therapy displayed in this review could expand the region of potential therapy. CONCLUSIONS The review summarizes the mechanisms underlying the comorbidity. It also overviews drug therapy with anti-diabetic and anti-depressant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixin Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The School of Clinical MedicineHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaHunanChina
- Department of PsychiatryBrain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province)ChangshaHunanChina
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The School of Clinical MedicineHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaHunanChina
- Department of PsychiatryBrain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province)ChangshaHunanChina
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The School of Clinical MedicineHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaHunanChina
- Department of PsychiatryBrain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province)ChangshaHunanChina
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The School of Clinical MedicineHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaHunanChina
- Department of GastroenterologyBrain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province)ChangshaHunanChina
| | - Lini Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The School of Clinical MedicineHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaHunanChina
- Department of PsychiatryBrain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province)ChangshaHunanChina
| | - Ruoheng Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental DisordersThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The School of Clinical MedicineHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaHunanChina
- Department of PsychiatryBrain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province)ChangshaHunanChina
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The School of Clinical MedicineHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaHunanChina
- Department of PsychiatryBrain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province)ChangshaHunanChina
| | - Huiwen Qiu
- Department of Psychiatry, The School of Clinical MedicineHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaHunanChina
- Department of PsychiatryBrain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province)ChangshaHunanChina
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, The School of Clinical MedicineHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaHunanChina
- Department of PsychiatryBrain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province)ChangshaHunanChina
| | - Jian Liu
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaHunanChina
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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Xie XH, Xu SX, Yao L, Chen MM, Zhang H, Wang C, Nagy C, Liu Z. Altered in vivo early neurogenesis traits in patients with depression: Evidence from neuron-derived extracellular vesicles and electroconvulsive therapy. Brain Stimul 2024; 17:19-28. [PMID: 38101468 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neurogenesis hypothesis is a promising candidate etiologic hypothesis for depression, and it is associated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). However, human in vivo molecular-level evidence is lacking. OBJECTIVE We used neuron-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs) as a "window to the neurons" to explore the in vivo neurogenesis status associated with ECT in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). METHODS In this study, we enrolled 40 patients with TRD and 35 healthy controls (HCs). We isolated NDEVs from the plasma of each participant to test the levels of doublecortin (DCX), a marker of neurogenesis, and cluster of differentiation (CD) 81, a marker of EVs. We also assessed the plasma levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that is known to be associated with ECT and neuroplastic processes. RESULTS Our findings indicated that both the levels of DCX in NDEVs and BDNF in plasma were significantly lower in TRD patients compared to HCs at baseline, but increased following ECTs. Conversely, levels of CD81 in NDEVs were found higher in TRD patients at baseline, but did not change after the ECT treatments. Exploratory analyses revealed that lower levels of BDNF in plasma and DCX in NDEVs, along with higher CD81 levels in NDEVs, were associated with more severe depressive symptoms and reduced cognitive function at baseline. Furthermore, higher baseline CD81 concentrations in NDEVs were correlated with greater decreases in depression symptoms. CONCLUSIONS We first present human in vivo evidence of early neurogenesis using DCX through NDEVs: decreased in TRD patients, increased after ECTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hui Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shu-Xian Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Lihua Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Mian-Mian Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Honghan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Corina Nagy
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Taikang center for life and medical sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.
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10
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Wang C, Gao MQ. Research Progress on the Antidepressant Effects of Baicalin and Its Aglycone Baicalein: A Systematic Review of the Biological Mechanisms. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:14-28. [PMID: 37715823 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Depression is the most prevalent mental disorder, affecting more than 300 million adults worldwide each year, which can lead to serious economic and social problems. Antidepressants are usually the first-line treatment for depression, however, traditional antidepressants on the market have the disadvantage of low remission rates and may cause side effects to patients, therefore, the current focus in the field of depression is to develop novel therapeutic agents with high remission rates and few side effects. In this context, the antidepressant effects of natural compounds have received attention. Baicalin (baicalein-7-O-glucuronide) and its aglycone baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone) are flavonoid compounds extracted from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis. Although lacking the support of clinical data, they have been shown to have significantly promising antidepressant activity in many preclinical studies through various rodent models of depression. This paper reviews the antidepressant effects of baicalin and baicalein in experimental animal models, with emphasis on summarizing the molecular mechanisms of their antidepressant effects including regulation of the HPA axis, inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress, reduction of neuronal apoptosis and promotion of neurogenesis, as well as amelioration of mitochondrial dysfunction. Controlled clinical trials should be conducted in the future to examine the effects of baicalin and baicalein on depression in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Ming-Qi Gao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
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11
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Curry AR, Ooi L, Matosin N. How spatial omics approaches can be used to map the biological impacts of stress in psychiatric disorders: a perspective, overview and technical guide. Stress 2024; 27:2351394. [PMID: 38752853 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2024.2351394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to significant levels of stress and trauma throughout life is a leading risk factor for the development of major psychiatric disorders. Despite this, we do not have a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that explain how stress raises psychiatric disorder risk. Stress in humans is complex and produces variable molecular outcomes depending on the stress type, timing, and duration. Deciphering how stress increases disorder risk has consequently been challenging to address with the traditional single-target experimental approaches primarily utilized to date. Importantly, the molecular processes that occur following stress are not fully understood but are needed to find novel treatment targets. Sequencing-based omics technologies, allowing for an unbiased investigation of physiological changes induced by stress, are rapidly accelerating our knowledge of the molecular sequelae of stress at a single-cell resolution. Spatial multi-omics technologies are now also emerging, allowing for simultaneous analysis of functional molecular layers, from epigenome to proteome, with anatomical context. The technology has immense potential to transform our understanding of how disorders develop, which we believe will significantly propel our understanding of how specific risk factors, such as stress, contribute to disease course. Here, we provide our perspective of how we believe these technologies will transform our understanding of the neurobiology of stress, and also provided a technical guide to assist molecular psychiatry and stress researchers who wish to implement spatial omics approaches in their own research. Finally, we identify potential future directions using multi-omics technology in stress research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber R Curry
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Lezanne Ooi
- Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalie Matosin
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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12
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Zeng Z, Dong Y, Zou L, Xu D, Luo X, Chu T, Wang J, Ren Q, Liu Q, Li X. GluCEST Imaging and Structural Alterations of the Bilateral Hippocampus in First-Episode and Early-Onset Major Depression Disorder. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 58:1431-1440. [PMID: 36808678 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutamate dysregulation is one of the key pathogenic mechanisms of major depressive disorder (MDD), and glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) has been used for glutamate measurement in some brain diseases but rarely in depression. PURPOSE To investigate the GluCEST changes in hippocampus in MDD and the relationship between glutamate and hippocampal subregional volumes. STUDY TYPE Cross-sectional. SUBJECTS Thirty-two MDD patients (34% males; 22.03 ± 7.21 years) and 47 healthy controls (HCs) (43% males; 22.00 ± 3.28 years). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3.0 T; magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) for three-dimensional T1-weighted images, two-dimensional turbo spin echo GluCEST, and multivoxel chemical shift imaging (CSI) for proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H MRS). ASSESSMENT GluCEST data were quantified by magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym ) analysis and assessed by the relative concentration of 1 H MRS-measured glutamate. FreeSurfer was used for hippocampus segmentation. STATISTICAL TESTS The independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman's correlation, and partial correlation analysis were used. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS In the left hippocampus, GluCEST values were significantly decreased in MDD (2.00 ± 1.08 [MDD] vs. 2.62 ± 1.41 [HCs]) and showed a significantly positive correlation with Glx/Cr (r = 0.37). GluCEST values were significantly positively correlated with the volumes of CA1 (r = 0.40), subiculum (r = 0.40) in the left hippocampus and CA1 (r = 0.51), molecular_layer_HP (r = 0.50), GC-ML-DG (r = 0.42), CA3 (r = 0.44), CA4 (r = 0.44), hippocampus-amygdala-transition-area (r = 0.46), and the whole hippocampus (r = 0.47) in the right hippocampus. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores showed significantly negative correlations with the volumes of the left presubiculum (r = -0.40), left parasubiculum (r = -0.47), and right presubiculum (r = -0.41). DATA CONCLUSION GluCEST can be used to measure glutamate changes and help to understand the mechanism of hippocampal volume loss in MDD. Hippocampal volume changes are associated with disease severity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zeng
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yingying Dong
- Department of Psychology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Linxuan Zou
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Donghao Xu
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xunrong Luo
- Department of Radiology, Cancer Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tongpeng Chu
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Qingfa Ren
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Quanyuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Xianglin Li
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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13
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García-Gutiérrez MS, Navarro D, Torregrosa AB, Viudez-Martínez A, Giner S, Manzanares J. Alterations of BDNF, mGluR5, Homer1a, p11 and excitatory/inhibitory balance in corticolimbic brain regions of suicide decedents. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:366-376. [PMID: 37437733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing biological based approaches for preventing suicide has become a priority. In recent years, there has been a surge in studies investigating the role of the glutamatergic system in suicide, although it remains unclear. METHODS We evaluated changes in the gene expression of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) and its scaffolding proteins Homer1a and p11 in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), amygdala (AMY), and hippocampus (HIP) of 28 suicide decedents (S) (with no clinical psychiatric history or treatment with anxiolytics or antidepressants) and 26 controls (C) by real-time PCR (qPCR). Indeed, we measured BDNF gene expression and VGluT1 and VGAT immunoreactivities in the HIP by qPCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Cases and controls matched for age (C: 48.6 ± 11.6 years; S: 46.9 ± 14.5 years) and postmortem interval (PMI; C: 20.1 ± 13h; S: 16.9 ± 5h). RESULTS In DLPFC, S had lower p11 gene expression levels, but no differences were found in mGluR5 or Homer1a. In the AMY and HIP, mGluR5 and Homer1a were increased, p11 and BDNF were reduced. In the HIP, there were less VGAT-ir and more VGluT1-ir. LIMITATIONS Future studies are necessary to evaluate protein levels, and determine the cell types and potential compensatory mechanisms in a larger sample including S diagnosed with psychiatric disorders, females and different ethnicities. CONCLUSIONS This study identified significant alterations in mGluR5, Homer1a, p11, BDNF and excitatory/inhibitory balance in corticolimbic brain areas of S. These results further characterize the biological basis of suicide, contributing to the identification of potential biomarkers for suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- María S García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante 03550, Alicante, Spain; Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Daniela Navarro
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante 03550, Alicante, Spain; Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Abraham B Torregrosa
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante 03550, Alicante, Spain; Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Salvador Giner
- Instituto de Medicina Legal, Avenida Aguilera 53, 03007, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jorge Manzanares
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante 03550, Alicante, Spain; Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain.
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14
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Mázala-de-Oliveira T, Silva BT, Campello-Costa P, Carvalho VF. The Role of the Adrenal-Gut-Brain Axis on Comorbid Depressive Disorder Development in Diabetes. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1504. [PMID: 37892186 PMCID: PMC10604999 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients are more affected by depression than non-diabetics, and this is related to greater treatment resistance and associated with poorer outcomes. This increase in the prevalence of depression in diabetics is also related to hyperglycemia and hypercortisolism. In diabetics, the hyperactivity of the HPA axis occurs in parallel to gut dysbiosis, weakness of the intestinal permeability barrier, and high bacterial-product translocation into the bloodstream. Diabetes also induces an increase in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in the hippocampus. Furthermore, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression behaviors and neuroinflammation are exacerbated in diabetic mice. In this context, we propose here that hypercortisolism, in association with gut dysbiosis, leads to an exacerbation of hippocampal neuroinflammation, glutamatergic transmission, and neuronal apoptosis, leading to the development and aggravation of depression and to resistance to treatment of this mood disorder in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalita Mázala-de-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (T.M.-d.-O.); (B.T.S.)
| | - Bruna Teixeira Silva
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (T.M.-d.-O.); (B.T.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24210-201, Brazil;
| | - Paula Campello-Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24210-201, Brazil;
| | - Vinicius Frias Carvalho
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (T.M.-d.-O.); (B.T.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24210-201, Brazil;
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Neuroimunomodulação—INCT-NIM, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
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15
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Aberizk K, Sefik E, Addington J, Anticevic A, Bearden CE, Cadenhead KS, Cannon TD, Cornblatt BA, Keshavan M, Mathalon DH, Perkins DO, Stone WS, Tsuang MT, Woods SW, Walker EF. Hippocampal Connectivity with the Default Mode Network is Linked to Hippocampal Volume in the Clinical High Risk for Psychosis Syndrome and Healthy Individuals. Clin Psychol Sci 2023; 11:801-818. [PMID: 37981950 PMCID: PMC10656030 DOI: 10.1177/21677026221138819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Reduced hippocampal volume (HV) is an established brain morphological feature of psychiatric conditions. HV is associated with brain connectivity in humans and non-human animals and altered connectivity is associated with risk for psychiatric illness. Associations between HV and connectivity remain poorly characterized in humans, and especially in phases of psychiatric illness that precede disease onset. This study examined associations between HV and hippocampal functional connectivity (FC) during rest in 141 healthy controls and 248 individuals at-risk for psychosis. Significant inverse associations between HV and hippocampal FC with the inferior parietal lobe (IPL) and thalamus were observed. Select associations between hippocampal FC and HV were moderated by diagnostic group. Significant moderation results shifted from implicating the IPL to the temporal pole after excluding participants on antipsychotic medication. Considered together, this work implicates hippocampal FC with the temporoparietal junction, within a specialized subsystem of the default mode network, as sensitive to HV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Aberizk
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Esra Sefik
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jean Addington
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carrie E. Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel H. Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Diana O. Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William S. Stone
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ming T. Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Scott W. Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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16
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Marx W, Penninx BWJH, Solmi M, Furukawa TA, Firth J, Carvalho AF, Berk M. Major depressive disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2023; 9:44. [PMID: 37620370 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-023-00454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by persistent depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure in previously enjoyable activities, recurrent thoughts of death, and physical and cognitive symptoms. People with MDD can have reduced quality of life owing to the disorder itself as well as related medical comorbidities, social factors, and impaired functional outcomes. MDD is a complex disorder that cannot be fully explained by any one single established biological or environmental pathway. Instead, MDD seems to be caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, psychological and biological factors. Treatment for MDD commonly involves pharmacological therapy with antidepressant medications, psychotherapy or a combination of both. In people with severe and/or treatment-resistant MDD, other biological therapies, such as electroconvulsive therapy, may also be offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- On Track: The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Toshi A Furukawa
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Xu M, Wang Q, Li B, Qian S, Wang S, Wang Y, Chen C, Liu Z, Ji Y, Liu K, Xin K, Niu Y. Cerebellum and hippocampus abnormalities in patients with insomnia comorbid depression: a study on cerebral blood perfusion and functional connectivity. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1202514. [PMID: 37397441 PMCID: PMC10311636 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1202514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic insomnia disorder and major depressive disorder are highly-occurred mental diseases with extensive social harm. The comorbidity of these two diseases is commonly seen in clinical practice, but the mechanism remains unclear. To observe the characteristics of cerebral blood perfusion and functional connectivity in patients, so as to explore the potential pathogenesis and biological imaging markers, thereby improving the understanding of their comorbidity mechanism. 44 patients with chronic insomnia disorder comorbid major depressive disorder and 43 healthy controls were recruited in this study. The severity of insomnia and depression were assessed by questionnaire. The cerebral blood perfusion and functional connectivity values of participants were obtained to, analyze their correlation with questionnaire scores. The cerebral blood flow in cerebellum, vermis, right hippocampus, left parahippocampal gyrus of patients were reduced, which was negatively related to the severity of insomnia or depression. The connectivities of left cerebellum-right putamen and right hippocampus-left inferior frontal gyrus were increased, showing positive correlations with the severity of insomnia and depression. Decreased connectivities of left cerebellum-left fusiform gyrus, left cerebellum-left occipital lobe, right hippocampus-right paracentral lobule, right hippocampus-right precentral gyrus were partially associated with insomnia or depression. The connectivity of right hippocampus-left inferior frontal gyrus may mediate between insomnia and depression. Insomnia and depression can cause changes in cerebral blood flow and brain function. Changes in the cerebellar and hippocampal regions are the result of insomnia and depression. They reflect abnormalities in sleep and emotion regulation. That may be involved in the pathogenesis of comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghe Xu
- Postgraduate Training Base of the 960th Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Hiser hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Radiology, The 960th Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Shaowen Qian
- Department of Radiology, The 960th Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Radiology, The 960th Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Radiology, The 960th Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Chunlian Chen
- Department of Radiology, The 960th Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Radiology, The 960th Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Yuqing Ji
- Department of Radiology, The 960th Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Radiology, The 960th Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Kuolin Xin
- Sleep Clinic, The 960th Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Yujun Niu
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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18
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Dumontoy S, Ramadan B, Risold PY, Pedron S, Houdayer C, Etiévant A, Cabeza L, Haffen E, Peterschmitt Y, Van Waes V. Repeated Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (RA-tDCS) over the Left Frontal Lobe Increases Bilateral Hippocampal Cell Proliferation in Young Adult but Not Middle-Aged Female Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108750. [PMID: 37240095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeated anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (RA-tDCS) is a neuromodulatory technique consisting of stimulating the cerebral cortex with a weak electric anodal current in a non-invasive manner. RA-tDCS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has antidepressant-like properties and improves memory both in humans and laboratory animals. However, the mechanisms of action of RA-tDCS remain poorly understood. Since adult hippocampal neurogenesis is thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression and memory functioning, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the impact of RA-tDCS on hippocampal neurogenesis levels in mice. RA-tDCS was applied for 20 min per day for five consecutive days over the left frontal cortex of young adult (2-month-old, high basal level of neurogenesis) and middle-aged (10-month-old, low basal level of neurogenesis) female mice. Mice received three intraperitoneal injections of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) on the final day of RA-tDCS. The brains were collected either 1 day or 3 weeks after the BrdU injections to quantify cell proliferation and cell survival, respectively. RA-tDCS increased hippocampal cell proliferation in young adult female mice, preferentially (but not exclusively) in the dorsal part of the dentate gyrus. However, the number of cells that survived after 3 weeks was the same in both the Sham and the tDCS groups. This was due to a lower survival rate in the tDCS group, which suppressed the beneficial effects of tDCS on cell proliferation. No modulation of cell proliferation or survival was observed in middle-aged animals. Our RA-tDCS protocol may, therefore, influence the behavior of naïve female mice, as we previously described, but its effect on the hippocampus is only transient in young adult animals. Future studies using animal models for depression in male and female mice should provide further insights into RA-tDCS detailed age- and sex-dependent effects on hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Dumontoy
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Bahrie Ramadan
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Risold
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | | | - Christophe Houdayer
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Adeline Etiévant
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Lidia Cabeza
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Emmanuel Haffen
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Yvan Peterschmitt
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Vincent Van Waes
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
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History of suicide attempt associated with amygdala and hippocampus changes among individuals with schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023:10.1007/s00406-023-01554-5. [PMID: 36788147 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities in subcortical brain structures may reflect higher suicide risk in mood disorders, but less is known about its associations for schizophrenia. This cross-sectional imaging study aimed to explore whether the history of suicide attempts was associated with subcortical changes among individuals with schizophrenia. We recruited 44 individuals with schizophrenia and a history of suicide attempts (SZ-SA) and 44 individuals with schizophrenia but without a history of suicide attempts (SZ-NSA) and 44 healthy controls. Linear regression showed that SZ-SA had smaller volumes of the hippocampus (Cohen's d = -0.72), the amygdala (Cohen's d = -0.69), and some nuclei of the amygdala (Cohen's d, -0.57 to -0.72) than SZ-NSA after adjusting for age, sex, illness phase, and intracranial volume. There was no difference in the volume of the subfields of the hippocampus. It suggests the history of suicide attempts is associated with subcortical volume alterations in schizophrenia.
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Das SC, Schulmann A, Callor WB, Jerominski L, Panicker MM, Christensen ED, Bunney WE, Williams ME, Coon H, Vawter MP. Altered transcriptomes, cell type proportions, and dendritic spine morphology in hippocampus of suicide deaths. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.01.28.23285121. [PMID: 36778310 PMCID: PMC9915834 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.28.23285121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is a condition resulting from complex environmental and genetic risks that affect millions of people globally. Both structural and functional studies identified the hippocampus as one of the vulnerable brain regions contributing to suicide risk. Here, we have identified the hippocampal transcriptomes, gene ontology, cell type proportions, dendritic spine morphology, and transcriptomic signature in iPSC-derived neuronal precursor cells (NPCs) and neurons in postmortem brain tissue from suicide deaths. The hippocampal tissue transcriptomic data revealed that NPAS4 gene expression was downregulated while ALDH1A2, NAAA, and MLXIPL gene expressions were upregulated in tissue from suicide deaths. The gene ontology identified 29 significant pathways including NPAS4-associated gene ontology terms "excitatory post-synaptic potential", "regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential" and "long-term memory" indicating alteration of glutamatergic synapses in the hippocampus of suicide deaths. The cell type deconvolution identified decreased excitatory neuron proportion and an increased inhibitory neuron proportion providing evidence of excitation/inhibition imbalance in the hippocampus of suicide deaths. In addition, suicide deaths had increased dendric spine density, due to an increase of thin (relatively unstable) dendritic spines, compared to controls. The transcriptomes of iPSC-derived hippocampal-like NPCs and neurons revealed 31 and 33 differentially expressed genes in NPC and neurons, respectively, of suicide deaths. The suicide-associated differentially expressed genes in NPCs were RELN, CRH, EMX2, OXTR, PARM1 and IFITM2 which overlapped with previously published results. The previously-known suicide-associated differentially expressed genes in differentiated neurons were COL1A1, THBS1, IFITM2, AQP1, and NLRP2. Together, these findings would help better understand the hippocampal neurobiology of suicide for identifying therapeutic targets to prevent suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan C. Das
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - William B. Callor
- Utah State Office of Medical Examiner, Utah Department of Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Leslie Jerominski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mitradas M. Panicker
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Erik D. Christensen
- Utah State Office of Medical Examiner, Utah Department of Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - William E. Bunney
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Megan E. Williams
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah School of Medicine, UT, USA
| | - Hilary Coon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Marquis P. Vawter
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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21
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Arinami H, Watanabe Y, Suzuki Y, Tajiri M, Tsuneyama N, Someya T. Serum cortisol and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels in major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1148. [PMID: 36670169 PMCID: PMC9859801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28449-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology underlying major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia is related to endocrine system functions and includes changes in the blood levels of cortisol and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). However, these hormones have not been investigated simultaneously in patients with MDD and schizophrenia. We investigated the differences in serum cortisol and IGF-1 levels among patients with MDD and schizophrenia and controls. We included 129 patients with MDD, 71 patients with schizophrenia, and 71 healthy volunteers. Blood tests were performed between 6:00 am and 11:00 am after fasting. Serum cortisol levels were significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia than in patients with MDD and controls. Serum cortisol levels were significantly higher in patients with MDD than in controls. Serum IGF-1 levels were higher in both patient groups than in controls, whereas there was no significant difference between patients with MDD and schizophrenia. Both cortisol and IGF-1 levels were positively correlated with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score in patients with MDD, whereas cortisol level was positively correlated and IGF-1 level was negatively correlated with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale score in patients with schizophrenia. The differences in the level of these hormones suggest pathophysiological differences between these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Arinami
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 757 Asahimachidori-Ichibancho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Watanabe
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 757 Asahimachidori-Ichibancho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Yutaro Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 757 Asahimachidori-Ichibancho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Misuzu Tajiri
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 757 Asahimachidori-Ichibancho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Nobuto Tsuneyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 757 Asahimachidori-Ichibancho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Someya
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 757 Asahimachidori-Ichibancho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
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Kislov MA, Prikhod'ko AN, Trusova DS, Zhiganova MS, Morozova AY, Pigolkin YI. [Morphofunctional cerebral changes associated with development of suicidal behavior]. Sud Med Ekspert 2023; 66:67-72. [PMID: 37496486 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20236604167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
THE AIM OF THE STUDY Was to identify the cerebral areas, which demonstrate the most significant structural changes and damaged functional activity in patients with suicidal behavior. The original studies, presented in PubMed database, were used to analyze the literature. Additional literature in the form of atlases, review articles and publications, written in related spheres, was used to interpret the results. The study identified the 69 cerebral regions, demonstrating significant changes and the structures with the most significant deviations among them were selected. The regions of cerebral grey matter, in particular basal ganglia (structures of striatum and limbic system), as well as selected regions of cerebral cortex, specifically frontal, insularis, singulate and parietal mostly were included in the list. The decrease in grey matter volume, changes of neuronal and glial density, special patterns of activity and variations of functional association with other cerebral regions are described within mentioned structures. The literature review found that there was a lack of postmortem examinations in suicidal cases. Advanced study of the described structures is required in cases of completed suicide using new research methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Kislov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - D S Trusova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - M S Zhiganova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - A Yu Morozova
- Alekseev Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. 1 of the Moscow Department of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu I Pigolkin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Dobbertin M, Blair KS, Carollo E, Blair JR, Dominguez A, Bajaj S. Neuroimaging alterations of the suicidal brain and its relevance to practice: an updated review of MRI studies. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1083244. [PMID: 37181903 PMCID: PMC10174251 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1083244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicide is a leading cause of death in the United States. Historically, scientific inquiry has focused on psychological theory. However, more recent studies have started to shed light on complex biosignatures using MRI techniques, including task-based and resting-state functional MRI, brain morphometry, and diffusion tensor imaging. Here, we review recent research across these modalities, with a focus on participants with depression and Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior (STB). A PubMed search identified 149 articles specific to our population of study, and this was further refined to rule out more diffuse pathologies such as psychotic disorders and organic brain injury and illness. This left 69 articles which are reviewed in the current study. The collated articles reviewed point to a complex impairment showing atypical functional activation in areas associated with perception of reward, social/affective stimuli, top-down control, and reward-based learning. This is broadly supported by the atypical morphometric and diffusion-weighted alterations and, most significantly, in the network-based resting-state functional connectivity data that extrapolates network functions from well validated psychological paradigms using functional MRI analysis. We see an emerging picture of cognitive dysfunction evident in task-based and resting state fMRI and network neuroscience studies, likely preceded by structural changes best demonstrated in morphometric and diffusion-weighted studies. We propose a clinically-oriented chronology of the diathesis-stress model of suicide and link other areas of research that may be useful to the practicing clinician, while helping to advance the translational study of the neurobiology of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Dobbertin
- Multimodal Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory (MCNL), Center for Neurobehavioral Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatient Center, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
- *Correspondence: Matthew Dobbertin,
| | - Karina S. Blair
- Program for Trauma and Anxiety in Children (PTAC), Center for Neurobehavioral Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
| | - Erin Carollo
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - James R. Blair
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ahria Dominguez
- Multimodal Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory (MCNL), Center for Neurobehavioral Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
| | - Sahil Bajaj
- Multimodal Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory (MCNL), Center for Neurobehavioral Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
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Categorical and Dimensional Deficits in Hippocampal Subfields Among Schizophrenia, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and Major Depressive Disorder. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2023; 8:91-101. [PMID: 35803485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hippocampus is a core region of interest for all major mental disorders, and its subfields implement distinctive functions. It is unclear whether the mental disorders exhibit common patterns of hippocampal impairments, and we lack knowledge on whether and how hippocampal subfields represent deficit spectra across mental disorders. METHODS Using brain images of 1123 individuals scanned on a single magnetic resonance imaging scanner, we examined the commonality, specificity, and symptom associations of the volume of hippocampal subfields across patients with schizophrenia, patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, patients with bipolar disorder, patients with major depressive disorder, and healthy control subjects. We further performed a transdiagnostic analysis of the individual variability of the volume of hippocampal subfields to reflect cross-disease gradients in the hippocampus. RESULTS We found common and disease-specific abnormalities in a few hippocampal fields and identified 2 reliable transdiagnostic factors in the hippocampal subfields, each reflecting a spectrum of mental disorders. The plane spanned by the 2 most reliable factors provided a clearer view of hippocampal volume abnormality spectra among the major mental disorders. In addition, functional and genetic enrichment analyses supported the different roles of the 2 hippocampal factors in mental disorders. CONCLUSIONS The volume of hippocampal subfields reflected some commonality and specificity among the 3 major mental disorders. We propose a new pathophysiological dimensional view of the hippocampus, reflecting at least 2 spectra of mental disorders, suggesting multivariate links among the diseases. This work highlights the value of the complementary categorical and dimensional views of the hippocampal deficits in mental disorders.
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25
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Markussen NB, Knopper RW, Hasselholt S, Skoven CS, Nyengaard JR, Østergaard L, Hansen B. Locus coeruleus ablation in mice: protocol optimization, stereology and behavioral impact. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1138624. [PMID: 37180952 PMCID: PMC10172584 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1138624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The Locus Coeruleus (LC) is in the brainstem and supplies key brain structures with noradrenaline, including the forebrain and hippocampus. The LC impacts specific behaviors such as anxiety, fear, and motivation, as well as physiological phenomena that impact brain functions in general, including sleep, blood flow regulation, and capillary permeability. Nevertheless, the short- and long-term consequences of LC dysfunction remain unclear. The LC is among the brain structures first affected in patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's Disease, hinting that LC dysfunction may play a central role in disease development and progression. Animal models with modified or disrupted LC function are essential to further our understanding of LC function in the normal brain, the consequences of LC dysfunction, and its putative roles in disease development. For this, well-characterized animal models of LC dysfunction are needed. Here, we establish the optimal dose of selective neurotoxin N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-bromo-benzylamine (DSP-4) for LC ablation. Using histology and stereology, we compare LC volume and neuron number in LC ablated (LCA) mice and controls to assess the efficacy of LC ablation with different numbers of DSP-4 injections. All LCA groups show a consistent decrease in LC cell count and LC volume. We then proceed to characterize the behavior of LCA mice using a light-dark box test, Barnes maze test, and non-invasive sleep-wakefulness monitoring. Behaviorally, LCA mice differ subtly from control mice, with LCA mice generally being more curious and less anxious compared to controls consistent with known LC function and projections. We note an interesting contrast in that control mice have varying LC size and neuron count but consistent behavior whereas LCA mice (as expected) have consistently sized LC but erratic behavior. Our study provides a thorough characterization of an LC ablation model, firmly consolidating it as a valid model system for the study of LC dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Bertin Markussen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rasmus West Knopper
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Stine Hasselholt
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian Stald Skoven
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Randel Nyengaard
- Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Leif Østergaard
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Brian Hansen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Brian Hansen,
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Li Y, Yang L, Li J, Gao W, Zhao Z, Dong K, Duan W, Dai B, Guo R. Antidepression of Xingpijieyu formula targets gut microbiota derived from depressive disorder. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:669-681. [PMID: 36550591 PMCID: PMC9873506 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This investigation aims to determine the antidepressant role of Xingpijieyu formula (XPJYF) mediated via gut microbiota (GM)-brain axis. METHODS We collected fecal microbiota from patients with depressive disorder (DD) and cultured microbiota in vitro. Some of microbiota were transplanted into germ-free rats with the intragastric administration of XPJYF grain at the dose of 1.533 g/kg/day. The behaviors were studied by forced swimming test, open field test, sucrose preference test, and body weight. Products of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, neurotransmitter, and serum cytokines were investigated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a biomarker of astrocyte, was quantified using immunofluorescence. Microbiota culturing in vitro after XPJYF treatment was analyze by 16 s RNA sequencing technology. We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic activated rat primary astrocyte in vitro. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cytokines, and oxidative stress factors were determined by western blotting, and glycometabolism in astrocyte was investigated by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) uptake, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and glucose-1-phosphate (G1P) kits. RESULTS Microbiota composition during 8 mg/ml of XPJYF (H12-8) for 12 h showed the more consistency. Lactococcus is enriched in DD-derived microbiota composition, and Biffdobacterium and Lactobacillus in H12-8 group. GLUCOSE1PMETAB-PWY and PWY-7328 of which biofunctions were dominantly encoded by Biffdobacterium were the top two of altered pathways. XPJYF improved behaviors and repressed astrocyte activation in depression rats. XPJYF elevated 2-DG uptake, ATP, glucose-1-phosphate, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and inhibited cytokines and oxidative stress in LPS-induced astrocyte. CONCLUSION XPJYF treatment targets inflammation, activation, and glycometabolim in astrocyte via gut microbiota modulation, thereby improve animal behaviors, HPA axis dysfunction, and neurotransmitter synthesis in depression rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Li
- Second Clinical Medical CollegeBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina,Department of NeurologyDongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Lixuan Yang
- Second Clinical Medical CollegeBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina,Department of NeurologyDongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Junnan Li
- Second Clinical Medical CollegeBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina,Department of NeurologyDongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Mental HealthTsinghua University Yuquan HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Zhonghui Zhao
- Second Clinical Medical CollegeBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina,Department of NeurologyDongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Kaiqiang Dong
- Second Clinical Medical CollegeBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina,Department of NeurologyDongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Wenzhe Duan
- Second Clinical Medical CollegeBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina,Department of NeurologyDongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Baoan Dai
- Second Clinical Medical CollegeBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina,Department of NeurologyDongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Rongjuan Guo
- Department of NeurologyDongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
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Schmitt A, Tatsch L, Vollhardt A, Schneider-Axmann T, Raabe FJ, Roell L, Heinsen H, Hof PR, Falkai P, Schmitz C. Decreased Oligodendrocyte Number in Hippocampal Subfield CA4 in Schizophrenia: A Replication Study. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203242. [PMID: 36291109 PMCID: PMC9600243 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampus-related cognitive deficits in working and verbal memory are frequent in schizophrenia, and hippocampal volume loss, particularly in the cornu ammonis (CA) subregions, was shown by magnetic resonance imaging studies. However, the underlying cellular alterations remain elusive. By using unbiased design-based stereology, we reported a reduction in oligodendrocyte number in CA4 in schizophrenia and of granular neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG). Here, we aimed to replicate these findings in an independent sample. We used a stereological approach to investigate the numbers and densities of neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes in CA4 and of granular neurons in the DG of left and right hemispheres in 11 brains from men with schizophrenia and 11 brains from age- and sex-matched healthy controls. In schizophrenia, a decreased number and density of oligodendrocytes was detected in the left and right CA4, whereas mean volumes of CA4 and the DG and the numbers and density of neurons, astrocytes, and granular neurons were not different in patients and controls, even after adjustment of variables because of positive correlations with postmortem interval and age. Our results replicate the previously described decrease in oligodendrocytes bilaterally in CA4 in schizophrenia and point to a deficit in oligodendrocyte maturation or a loss of mature oligodendrocytes. These changes result in impaired myelination and neuronal decoupling, both of which are linked to altered functional connectivity and subsequent cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-903, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Tatsch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Alisa Vollhardt
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Schneider-Axmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian J. Raabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Roell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Heinsen
- Morphological Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Forensic Pathology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Schmitz
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
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Manosso LM, Broseghini LDR, Campos JMB, Padilha APZ, Botelho MEM, da Costa MA, Abelaira HM, Gonçalves CL, Réus GZ. Beneficial effects and neurobiological aspects of environmental enrichment associated to major depressive disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Brain Res Bull 2022; 190:152-167. [PMID: 36191730 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A suitable enriched environment favors development but can also influence behavior and neuronal circuits throughout development. Studies have shown that environmental enrichment (EE) can be used as an essential tool or combined with conventional treatments to improve psychiatric and neurological symptoms, including major depressive disorder (MDD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Both disorders affect a significant percentage of the world's population and have complex pathophysiology. Moreover, the available treatments for MDD and ASD are still inadequate for many affected individuals. Experimental models demonstrate that EE has significant positive effects on behavioral modulation. In addition, EE has effects on neurobiology, including improvement in synaptic connections and neuroplasticity, modulation of neurotransmissions, a decrease in inflammation and oxidative stress, and other neurobiology effects that can be involved in the pathophysiology of MDD and ASD. Thus, this review aims to describe the leading behavioral and neurobiological effects associated with EE in MDD and ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana M Manosso
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Lia D R Broseghini
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - José Marcelo B Campos
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Alex Paulo Z Padilha
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda M Botelho
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Maiara A da Costa
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Helena M Abelaira
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Cinara L Gonçalves
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Z Réus
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
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29
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Larsen NY, Vihrs N, Møller J, Sporring J, Tan X, Li X, Ji G, Rajkowska G, Sun F, Nyengaard JR. Layer III pyramidal cells in the prefrontal cortex reveal morphological changes in subjects with depression, schizophrenia, and suicide. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:363. [PMID: 36064829 PMCID: PMC9445178 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02128-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Brodmann Area 46 (BA46) has long been regarded as a hotspot of disease pathology in individuals with schizophrenia (SCH) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Pyramidal neurons in layer III of the Brodmann Area 46 (BA46) project to other cortical regions and play a fundamental role in corticocortical and thalamocortical circuits. The AutoCUTS-LM pipeline was used to study the 3-dimensional structural morphology and spatial organization of pyramidal cells. Using quantitative light microscopy, we used stereology to calculate the entire volume of layer III in BA46 and the total number and density of pyramidal cells. Volume tensors estimated by the planar rotator quantified the volume, shape, and nucleus displacement of pyramidal cells. All of these assessments were carried out in four groups of subjects: controls (C, n = 10), SCH (n = 10), MDD (n = 8), and suicide subjects with a history of depression (SU, n = 11). SCH subjects had a significantly lower somal volume, total number, and density of pyramidal neurons when compared to C and tended to show a volume reduction in layer III of BA46. When comparing MDD subjects with C, the measured parameters were inclined to follow SCH, although there was only a significant reduction in pyramidal total cell number. While no morphometric differences were observed between SU and MDD, SU had a significantly higher total number of pyramidal cells and nucleus displacement than SCH. Finally, no differences in the spatial organization of pyramidal cells were found among groups. These results suggest that despite significant morphological alterations in layer III of BA46, which may impair prefrontal connections in people with SCH and MDD, the spatial organization of pyramidal cells remains the same across the four groups and suggests no defects in neuronal migration. The increased understanding of pyramidal cell biology may provide the cellular basis for symptoms and neuroimaging observations in SCH and MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Y. Larsen
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XCentre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aalborg University, Aarhus University and University of Copenhagen, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ninna Vihrs
- grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jesper Møller
- grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XCentre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aalborg University, Aarhus University and University of Copenhagen, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jon Sporring
- grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XCentre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aalborg University, Aarhus University and University of Copenhagen, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xueke Tan
- grid.418856.60000 0004 1792 5640National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.418856.60000 0004 1792 5640Center for Biological Imaging, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xixia Li
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.418856.60000 0004 1792 5640National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Ji
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.418856.60000 0004 1792 5640National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Grazyna Rajkowska
- grid.410721.10000 0004 1937 0407Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS USA
| | - Fei Sun
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.418856.60000 0004 1792 5640National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.418856.60000 0004 1792 5640Center for Biological Imaging, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jens R. Nyengaard
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XCentre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aalborg University, Aarhus University and University of Copenhagen, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.154185.c0000 0004 0512 597XDepartment of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Knight S, McCutcheon R, Dwir D, Grace AA, O'Daly O, McGuire P, Modinos G. Hippocampal circuit dysfunction in psychosis. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:344. [PMID: 36008395 PMCID: PMC9411597 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite strong evidence of the neurodevelopmental origins of psychosis, current pharmacological treatment is not usually initiated until after a clinical diagnosis is made, and is focussed on antagonising striatal dopamine receptors. These drugs are only partially effective, have serious side effects, fail to alleviate the negative and cognitive symptoms of the disorder, and are not useful as a preventive treatment. In recent years, attention has turned to upstream brain regions that regulate striatal dopamine function, such as the hippocampus. This review draws together these recent data to discuss why the hippocampus may be especially vulnerable in the pathophysiology of psychosis. First, we describe the neurodevelopmental trajectory of the hippocampus and its susceptibility to dysfunction, exploring this region's proneness to structural and functional imbalances, metabolic pressures, and oxidative stress. We then examine mechanisms of hippocampal dysfunction in psychosis and in individuals at high-risk for psychosis and discuss how and when hippocampal abnormalities may be targeted in these groups. We conclude with future directions for prospective studies to unlock the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies targeting hippocampal circuit imbalances to prevent or delay the onset of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Knight
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Robert McCutcheon
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniella Dwir
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anthony A Grace
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Owen O'Daly
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Gemma Modinos
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
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31
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Chronic clomipramine treatment increases hippocampal volume in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:245. [PMID: 35688836 PMCID: PMC9187713 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that neuroinflammation is closely related to the pathophysiology of depression. Due to individual differences in clinical research, the reduction of hippocampal volume in patients with depression is still controversial. In this experiment, we studied a typical kind of tricyclic antidepressant, clomipramine. We designed a series of experiments to find its role in depressive-like behavior, hippocampal neuroinflammation as well as hippocampal volume changes induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CMS). Rats exhibited defective behavior and hippocampal neuroinflammation after 12 weeks of CMS, which included elevated expression of cleaved interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and NLRP3 inflammasome together with the activation of microglia. Rats exposed to CMS showed weakened behavioral defects, reduced expression of IL-18, IL-6, and IL-1β along with reversed activation of microglia after clomipramine treatment. This indicates that the antidepressant effect of clomipramine may be related to the reduced expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and cleaved IL-1β. Moreover, we found an increased hippocampal volume in rats exposed to CMS after clomipramine treatment while CMS failed to affect hippocampal volume. All these results indicate that the NLRP3 inflammasome of microglia in the hippocampus is related to the antidepressant effects of clomipramine and CMS-induced depressive-like behavior in rats.
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32
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhou J, Ge C, Shi Y, Hu Z. Volumetric changes in specific neurofunctional subfields of the hippocampus in major depressive disorder. Neuroreport 2022; 33:380-385. [PMID: 35594428 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is evidence that hippocampal volume is abnormal in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), but there have been no studies on volumetric changes in different subfields based on functional topography. This was investigated in the present study by comparing hippocampal neurofunctional subfield volumes between MDD patients and healthy control (HC) subjects. METHODS Patients with MDD (n = 44) and HCs (n = 27) recruited at Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital underwent a T1-weighted anatomical MRI scan in the sagittal orientation, and the data were used to calculate hippocampal subfield volumes. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between the volumes and risk of MDD. A nomogram for predicting MDD risk based on volume changes in different subfields was developed, and its predictive power was evaluated by calculating the concordance (C)-index. RESULTS Compared with HCs, MDD patients showed reduced volume in hippocampal neurofunctional subfields, specifically in left (L)1, right (R)1, and R2 (related to emotion) and L2, L3, and R4 (related to cognition and perception). The logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk of MDD was 4.59-, 5.8-, 8.33-, and 6.92-fold higher with atrophies of L1, L2, L3, and R4, respectively. A nomogram for predicting MDD risk was developed based on age; sex; and hippocampal L1, L2, L3, and R4 subfield volumes and showed good accuracy, with a C-index of 0.784. CONCLUSION Volumetric changes in the neurofunctional subfield of the hippocampus are potential imaging markers that can predict the occurrence of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Wang
- Yueyang Clinical Medicine School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yi Wang
- Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Jing Zhou
- Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Chenjin Ge
- Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yin Shi
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihai Hu
- Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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33
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Wu Y, Zheng Y, Li J, Liu Y, Liang X, Chen Y, Zhang H, Wang N, Weng X, Qiu S, Wang J. Subregion-specific, modality-dependent and timescale-sensitive hippocampal connectivity alterations in patients with first-episode, drug-naïve major depression disorder. J Affect Disord 2022; 305:159-172. [PMID: 35218862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite accumulating evidence for the hippocampus as a key dysfunctional node in major depressive disorder (MDD), previous findings are controversial possibly due to heterogeneous and small clinical samples, complicated hippocampal structure, and different imaging modalities and analytical methods. METHODS We collected structural and resting-state functional MRI data from 100 first-episode, drug-naïve MDD patients and 99 healthy controls. A subset of the participants (34 patients and 33 controls) also completed a battery of neuropsychological tests and childhood trauma questionnaires. Seed-based morphological and functional (static and dynamic) connectivity were calculated for ten hippocampal subregions, followed by analyses of dynamic functional connectivity states (k-means clustering), connectivity cross-modality relationships (cosine similarity), and connectivity associations with clinical and neuropsychological variables (Spearman correlation). RESULTS Between-group comparisons revealed abnormal hippocampal connectivity in the patients that depended on 1) hippocampal subdivisions: the cornu ammonis (CA) was the most seriously affected subregion, in particular the right CA1 for functional connectivity alterations; 2) imaging modality: morphological connectivity revealed seldom and sporadic alterations with different lobes, while functional connectivity identified numerous and convergent alterations with prefrontal regions; and 3) time scale: dynamic functional connectivity was more sensitive than static functional connectivity, in particular in revealing alterations between the right CA1 and contralateral prefrontal cortex. Among the 34 patients, functional connectivity alterations of the CA1 were related to the history of childhood trauma in the patients. LIMITATIONS Only a subset of the patients completed the neuropsychological tests, which may cause underestimation of cognitive relevance of hippocampal connectivity alterations. CONCLUSIONS Disrupted hippocampal CA1 functional connectivity plays key roles in the pathophysiology of MDD and may act as a potential diagnostic biomarker for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wu
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanting Zheng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong 510405, China; Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangdong 510180, China
| | - Junle Li
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong 510405, China; Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangdong 510180, China
| | - Xinyu Liang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yaoping Chen
- The Third Affliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Hanyue Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangdong 510180, China
| | - Ningkai Wang
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuchu Weng
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijun Qiu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong 510405, China.
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China.
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34
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Tang M, Ai Y, Zhu S, Song N, Xu X, Liang L, Rong B, Zheng X, Zhang L, He T. Antidepressant-Like Effect of Essential Oils From Citrus reticulata in Reserpine-Induced Depressive Mouse. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221093916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus reticulata Blanco has been widely used to cure some diseases such as cold, cough and indigestion. This study is aimed at determining the antidepressant-like effect of C. reticulata essential oils (CREOs) in reserpine-induced depression mice, as well as its possible mechanisms. The compositions of CREOs are firstly analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), in which d-limonene is the main component. Moreover, the results from the forced swimming and tail suspension tests show that the inhalation of CREOs can significantly improve the depressive behavior of reserpine-induced depressed mice by reducing the weight of the mice and shortening the immobile time. After sniffing CREOs, the number of normal neurons in the hippocampus of reserpine-induced depressed mice is greatly increased. In addition, CREOs significantly increase the expression level of 5-hydroxytryptamine-1A receptors (5HT-1A), glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the reserpine-treated mice brain tissue. Thus, these results have indicated that CREOs can be potential materials for drug and food development against depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Tang
- Hua An Tang Biotech Group Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yong Ai
- Hua An Tang Biotech Group Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong He Ji Biotech Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Siyang Zhu
- Hua An Tang Biotech Group Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ni Song
- Hua An Tang Biotech Group Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xian Xu
- Hua An Tang Biotech Group Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Leyi Liang
- Hua An Tang Biotech Group Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Baoshan Rong
- Hua An Tang Biotech Group Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Zheng
- Hua An Tang Biotech Group Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lanyue Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tinggang He
- Hua An Tang Biotech Group Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Feng L, Xing H, Zhang K. The therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine in depression: Targeting adult hippocampal neurogenesis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153980. [PMID: 35152089 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental disorder characterized by persistent sadness and lack of interest or pleasure in previously rewarding or enjoyable activities. Understandably, the causes of depression are complex. Nevertheless, the understanding of depression pathophysiology has progressed considerably and numerous studies indicate that hippocampal neurogenesis plays a pivotal role. However, no drugs specifically targeting hippocampal neurogenesis yet exist. Meanwhile, the effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on hippocampal neurogenesis have received increasing attention in the field of antidepressant treatment because of its multi-ingredient, multi-target, and holistic view. However, the effects and mechanisms of TCM on hippocampal neurogenesis in clinical trials and pharmaceutical studies remain to be comprehensively delineated. PURPOSE To summarize the importance of hippocampal neurogenesis in depression and illustrate the targets and mechanisms of hippocampal neurogenesis regulation that underlie the antidepressant effects of TCM. METHOD A systematic review of clinical trials and studies ending by January 2022 was performed across eight electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, SciFinder, Research Gate, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Scopus and China Knowledge Infrastructure) according to the PRISMA criteria, using the search terms 'traditional Chinese medicine' "AND" 'depression' "OR" 'hippocampal neurogenesis' "OR" 'multi-ingredient' "OR" 'multi-target'. RESULTS Numerous studies show that hippocampal neurogenesis is attenuated in depression, and that antidepressants act by enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis. Moreover, compound Chinese medicine (CCM), Chinese meteria medica (CMM), and major bioactive components (MBCs) can promote hippocampal neurogenesis exerting antidepressant effects through modulation of neurotransmitters and receptors, neurotrophins, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, inflammatory factors, autophagy, and gut microbiota. CONCLUSION We have comprehensively summarized the effect and mechanism of TCM on hippocampal neurogenesis in depression providing a unique perspective on the use of TCM in the antidepressant field. TCM has the characteristics and advantages of multiple targets and high efficacy, showing great potential in the field of depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijin Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hang Xing
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Kuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Tianjin UBasio Biotechnology Group, Tianjin 300457, China.
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36
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Gallet Q, Bouteloup V, Locatelli M, Habert MO, Chupin M, Delrieu J, Lebouvier T, Robert G, David R, Bulteau S, Balageas AC, Surget A, Belzung C, Arlicot N, Ribeiro MJ, Barantin L, Andersson F, Cottier JP, Gissot V, El-Hage W, Camus V, Gohier B, Desmidt T. Benzodiazepine use and neuroimaging markers of Alzheimer's disease in nondemented older individuals: an MRI and 18F Florbetapir PET study in the MEMENTO cohort. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1114-1120. [PMID: 34893757 PMCID: PMC8938511 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests an association between benzodiazepines (BZDs) use and lower brain amyloid load, a hallmark of AD pathophysiology. Other AD-related markers include hippocampal atrophy, but the effect of BZDs on hippocampal volume remains unclear. We aimed at 1) replicating findings on BZDs use and brain amyloid load and 2) investigating associations between BZDs use and hippocampal volume, in the MEMENTO clinical cohort of nondemented older adults with isolated memory complaint or light cognitive impairment at baseline. Total Standardized Uptake Value Ratio (SUVR) of brain amyloid load and hippocampal volume (HV) were obtained, respectively, from 18F Florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and compared between BZD chronic users and nonusers using multiple linear regressions adjusted for age, sex, educational level, ApoE ε4 genotype, cognitive and neuropsychiatric assessments, history of major depressive episodes and antidepressant intake. BZD users were more likely to manifest symptoms of depression, anxiety and apathy. In the MRI subgroup, BZD users were also more frequently females with low education and greater clinical impairments as assessed with the clinical dementia rating scale. Short- versus long-acting BZDs, Z-drugs versus non-Z-drugs BZDs, as well as dose and duration of BZD use, were also considered in the analyses. Total SUVR and HV were significantly lower and larger, respectively, in BZD users (n = 38 in the PET subgroup and n = 331 in the MRI subgroup) than in nonusers (n = 251 in the PET subgroup and n = 1840 in the MRI subgroup), with a medium (Cohen's d = -0.43) and low (Cohen's d = 0.10) effect size, respectively. Short-acting BZDs and Z-drugs were more significantly associated with larger HV. We found no effect of dose and duration of BZD use. Our results support the involvement of the GABAergic system as a potential target for blocking AD-related pathophysiology, possibly via reduction in neuronal activity and neuroinflammation. Future longitudinal studies may confirm the causal effect of BZDs to block amyloid accumulation and hippocampal atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Gallet
- grid.411147.60000 0004 0472 0283Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Vincent Bouteloup
- Centre Inserm U1219 Bordeaux Population Health, CIC1401-EC, Institut de Santé Publique, d’Epidémiologie et de Développement, Université de Bordeaux, CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle Santé Publique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maxime Locatelli
- grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau (ICM), CNRS UMR 7225, INSERM, U 1127, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France ,grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Odile Habert
- grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau (ICM), CNRS UMR 7225, INSERM, U 1127, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France ,grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Marie Chupin
- grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau (ICM), CNRS UMR 7225, INSERM, U 1127, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France ,grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, F-75006 Paris, France ,Inserm, U1127 / CNRS, UMR 7225 / Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127 / ICM CATI, 1er étage, Paris, UK
| | - Julien Delrieu
- grid.414282.90000 0004 0639 4960Gérontopôle, Department of Geriatrics, CHU Toulouse, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France ,grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XUMR1027, Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Thibaud Lebouvier
- grid.410463.40000 0004 0471 8845University of Lille, Inserm U1171, CHU, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Gabriel Robert
- grid.411154.40000 0001 2175 0984Behavior and Basal Ganglia host team 4712, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France Department of Psychiatry, Rennes University Hospital, Guillaume Régnier Hospital Centre, Rennes, France
| | - Renaud David
- grid.410528.a0000 0001 2322 4179Department of Psychiatry, Memory Research and Resources Center, CHU Nice, Nice, France
| | - Samuel Bulteau
- grid.277151.70000 0004 0472 0371CHU de Nantes, addictology and liaison psychiatry department, 44000 Nantes, France
| | | | | | | | - Nicolas Arlicot
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France ,grid.12366.300000 0001 2182 6141INSERM CIC 1415, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Maria-Joao Ribeiro
- grid.411167.40000 0004 1765 1600CHU de Tours, Tours, France ,UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France ,grid.12366.300000 0001 2182 6141INSERM CIC 1415, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Philippe Cottier
- grid.411167.40000 0004 1765 1600CHU de Tours, Tours, France ,UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Valérie Gissot
- grid.411167.40000 0004 1765 1600CHU de Tours, Tours, France ,grid.12366.300000 0001 2182 6141INSERM CIC 1415, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Wissam El-Hage
- grid.411167.40000 0004 1765 1600CHU de Tours, Tours, France ,UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France ,grid.12366.300000 0001 2182 6141INSERM CIC 1415, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Vincent Camus
- grid.411167.40000 0004 1765 1600CHU de Tours, Tours, France ,UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Bénédicte Gohier
- grid.411147.60000 0004 0472 0283Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Thomas Desmidt
- CHU de Tours, Tours, France. .,UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.
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37
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Jiang X, Yuan Y, Li Z, Ou Y, Li Z. First-episode olfactory hallucination in a patient with anxiety disorder: A case report. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:990341. [PMID: 36203838 PMCID: PMC9530368 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.990341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olfactory hallucination refers to olfactory perception in the absence of chemical stimuli. Although it has been associated with many neurological and psychotic disorders, it has rarely been reported as the first and only symptom in patients with anxiety disorder, and its treatment remains inadequate. CASE SUMMARY A 66-year-old woman who had been experiencing gradually worsening olfactory hallucinations for almost 4 years was diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. Olfactory hallucination disappeared after treatment with anti-anxiety drugs. CONCLUSION Olfactory hallucination can be the first and only symptom in patients with anxiety disorder and may be effectively treated with anti-anxiety medication. In fact, it can precede the diagnosis of anxiety disorder by several years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmei Jiang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiwen Yuan
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhixiong Li
- The Third Department of Clinical Psychology, Karamay Municipal People's Hospital, Karamay, China
| | - Ying Ou
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China
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38
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Hippocampal neuropathology in suicide: Gaps in our knowledge and opportunities for a breakthrough. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:542-552. [PMID: 34906612 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is a major global hazard. There is a need for increasing suicide awareness and effective and evidence-based interventions, targeting both suicidal ideation and conduct. However, anti-suicide pharmacological effects are unsatisfactory. The human hippocampus is vulnerable to neuropsychiatric damages and subsequently releases psychobiological signals. Human hippocampal studies of suicide completers have shown mechanistic changes in neurobiology, which, however, could not reflect the neuropathological 'fingerprints' of fatal suicide ideations and suicide attempts. In this review, we provide several leading theories of suicide, including the serotoninergic system, Wnt pathway and brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tropomyosin receptor kinase B signalling, and discuss the evidence for their roles in suicide and treatment. Moreover, the cognitive dysfunctions associated with suicide risk are discussed, as well as the novel evidence on cognitive therapies that decrease suicidal ideation. We highlight the need to apply multi-omics techniques (including single-nucleus RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry histochemistry) on hippocampal samples from donors who died by suicide or legal euthanasia, to clarify the aetiology of suicide and propose novel therapeutic strategies.
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39
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Effects of clozapine and risperidone antipsychotic drugs on the expression of CACNA1C and behavioral changes in rat 'Ketamine model of schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 2021; 770:136354. [PMID: 34801642 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Calcium Voltage-Gated Channel Subunit Alpha1 C (CACNA1C) is one of the most important genes associated with schizophrenia. In this study, 45 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of saline, control, ketamine, clozapine, and risperidone. Animals in ketamine, risperidone, and clozapine groups received ketamine (30 mg/kg-i.p.) for 10 days. After the last injection of ketamine, we started injecting clozapine (7.5 mg/kg-i.p.), risperidone (1 mg/kg-i.p.), up to 28 days. Twenty-four hours after the last injection, open field, social interaction, and elevated plus-maze tests and gene expression in hippocampus were performed. The results of the social interaction test revealed a significant decrease in cumulative time with ketamine, compared with the saline group, and an increase with clozapine and risperidone compared with the ketamine group. Moreover, results from the elevated plus-maze test demonstrated a critical decrease in open arm time and increase in close arm time with ketamine compared with saline, as well as increased in open arm time with risperidone compared with ketamine. Further results revealed a significant increase in rearing and grooming with ketamine compared to saline, as well as a decrease with risperidone and clozapine compared to ketamine. There were no significant differences in CACNA1C gene expression between groups in the rat hippocampus. In brief, the results of this study indicated that clozapine and risperidone could partially improve cognitive impairments in the rat. However, our findings demonstrated that this treatment is not related to CACNA1C gene expression.
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40
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Fink A, Koschutnig K, Zussner T, Perchtold-Stefan CM, Rominger C, Benedek M, Papousek I. A two-week running intervention reduces symptoms related to depression and increases hippocampal volume in young adults. Cortex 2021; 144:70-81. [PMID: 34653905 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of a two-week running intervention on depressive symptoms and structural changes of different subfields of the hippocampus in young adults from the general population. The intervention was realized in small groups of participants in a mostly forested area and was organized into seven units of about 60 min each. The study design included two intervention groups which were tested at three time points and which received the intervention time-delayed: The first group between the first and the second time point, and the second group between the second and the third time point (waiting control group). At each test session, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed and symptoms related to depression were measured by means of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale. Results revealed a significant reduction of CES-D scores after the running intervention. The intervention also resulted in significant increases in the volume of the hippocampus, and reductions of CES-D scores right after the intervention were associated with increases in hippocampal volume. These findings add important new evidence on the beneficial role of aerobic exercise on depressive symptoms and related structural alterations of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Fink
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Austria.
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41
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Santamaría L, Ingelmo I, Teba F. Dimensional study of prostate cancer using stereological tools. J Anat 2021; 240:145-154. [PMID: 34355401 PMCID: PMC8655212 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzes the dimensional changes of the glands from prostate cancer by applying stereology to estimate the variations in volume, length, surface, and cellular densities of tumor acini. Normal and tumor acini were visualized using immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin18. On immunostained sections, parameters related to the dimensions and cell population of prostate acini were measured. The immunohistochemical expression of proliferative cell nuclear antigen was also measured to correlate the quantitative changes estimated with the proliferative activity of the epithelium. The average cell volume in normal and tumor epithelium was estimated using the method of the nucleator. The relative size of the acini was similar in the carcinoma compared with the normal prostate. Within the acini, the fraction of acinar volume occupied by the epithelium was significantly higher in cancer than in the nontumor prostate. Conversely, the glandular lumen of the cancer acini is lower than in the normal acini. The significant increase of acinar length density in the carcinoma indicates that the glandular tree's growth in the carcinoma is higher and with more branches than in the case of nonneoplastic glands. The basal surface density is higher in the carcinoma than in the controls. The number of epithelial cells per unit length of acini was significantly decreased in the neoplastic glands. This "dilution" of the cell population along the cancer acinus can be explained by the significant increase in the tumor cell's mean cell volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Santamaría
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Teba
- Department of Surgery (Urology), Hospital de La Princesa, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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42
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Ji F, Wang W, Feng C, Gao F, Jiao J. Brain-specific Wt1 deletion leads to depressive-like behaviors in mice via the recruitment of Tet2 to modulate Epo expression. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4221-4233. [PMID: 32393787 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0759-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most common psychiatric disease worldwide. The precise molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this disorder remain largely unknown. Wilms' tumor 1 (Wt1), a transcription factor, plays critical roles in cancer and organ development. Importantly, deletion of the 11p13 region that contains the WT1 gene is a major cause of WARG syndrome (Wilms' tumor, aniridia, genitourinary anomalies, and mental retardation), which is characterized by psychiatric disease, including depression. However, the roles and mechanisms of WT1 in embryonic neurogenesis and psychiatric disease remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the brain-specific deletion of Wt1 results in abnormal cell distribution during embryonic neurogenesis, which is accompanied by enhanced proliferation of neural progenitors and reduced neuronal differentiation. Moreover, neurons exhibit abnormal morphology during cortical development following Wt1 ablation. Furthermore, Wt1cKO mice exhibit depressive-like behaviors, including immobility, despair, and anhedonia. Mechanistically, Wt1 recruits Tet2 to the promoter of erythropoietin (Epo), which results in enhanced 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) levels and the promotion of Epo expression. Either Epo plasmid electroporation or Epo protein injection can partially restore the deficiency caused by Wt1 deletion. Importantly, administration of Epo to both embryos and adults can ameliorate the depressive-like behavior of Wt1cKO mice. In addition, WT1 plays a similar role in human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) proliferation and differentiation. Taken together, our findings reveal the critical role and regulatory mechanism of Wt1 in embryonic neurogenesis and behavioral modulation, which could contribute to the understanding of MDD etiology and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Chao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.,Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China. .,Innovation Academy for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
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43
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Macro- and Microscale Stress-Associated Alterations in Brain Structure: Translational Link With Depression. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:118-127. [PMID: 34001371 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a stress-related disorder associated with many cytoarchitectural and neurochemical changes. However, the majority of these changes cannot be reliably detected in the living brain. The examination of animal stress models and postmortem human brain tissue has significantly contributed to our understanding of the pathophysiology of MDD. Ronald Duman's work in humans and in rodent models was critical to the investigation of the contribution of synaptic deficits to MDD and chronic stress pathology, their role in the development and expression of depressive-like behavior, and reversal by novel drugs. Here, we review evidence from magnetic resonance imaging in humans and animals that suggests that corticolimbic alterations are associated with depression symptomatology. We also discuss evidence of cytoarchitectural alterations affecting neurons, astroglia, and synapses in MDD and highlight how similar changes are described in rodent chronic stress models and are linked to the emotion-related behavioral deficits. Finally, we report on the latest approaches developed to measure the synaptic and astroglial alterations in vivo, using positron emission tomography, and how it can inform on the contribution of MDD-associated cytoarchitectural alterations to the symptomatology and the treatment of stress-related disorders.
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44
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Roeske MJ, Konradi C, Heckers S, Lewis AS. Hippocampal volume and hippocampal neuron density, number and size in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of postmortem studies. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3524-3535. [PMID: 32724199 PMCID: PMC7854798 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reduced hippocampal volume is a consistent finding in neuroimaging studies of individuals with schizophrenia. While these studies have the advantage of large-sample sizes, they are unable to quantify the cellular basis of structural or functional changes. In contrast, postmortem studies are well suited to explore subfield and cellular alterations, but low sample sizes and subject heterogeneity impede establishment of statistically significant differences. Here we use a meta-analytic approach to synthesize the extant literature of hippocampal subfield volume and cellular composition in schizophrenia patients and healthy control subjects. Following pre-registration (PROSPERO CRD42019138280), PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO were searched using the term: (schizophrenia OR schizoaffective) AND (post-mortem OR postmortem) AND hippocampus. Subjects were adult men and women with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder or non-psychiatric control subjects, and key outcomes, stratified by hippocampal hemisphere and subfield, were volume, neuron number, neuron density, and neuron size. A random effects meta-analysis was performed. Thirty-two studies were included (413 patients, 415 controls). In patients, volume and neuron number were significantly reduced in multiple hippocampal subfields in left, but not right hippocampus, whereas neuron density was not significantly different in any hippocampal subfield. Neuron size, averaged bilaterally, was also significantly reduced in all calculated subfields. Heterogeneity was minimal to moderate, with rare evidence of publication bias. Meta-regression of age and illness duration did not explain heterogeneity of total hippocampal volume effect sizes. These results extend neuroimaging findings of smaller hippocampal volume in schizophrenia patients and further our understanding of regional and cellular neuropathology in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell J Roeske
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Christine Konradi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Alan S Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
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45
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Zhang JH, Yang HZ, Su H, Song J, Bai Y, Deng L, Feng CP, Guo HX, Wang Y, Gao X, Gu Y, Zhen Z, Lu Y. Berberine and Ginsenoside Rb1 Ameliorate Depression-Like Behavior in Diabetic Rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:1195-1213. [PMID: 34049474 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoma coptidis (Huang-lian) and Asian ginseng have been widely used in the treatment of diabetes and other concurrent diseases with apparent effects. This study investigated the effects of the active ingredients of R. coptidis and ginseng, berberine and ginsenoside Rb1, on depression-like behavior in a rat diabetes model. The animal model was established via a high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, while the animal's depression-like behavior was induced via chronic unpredictable mild stress. These experimental rats were divided into four groups: control, depression-like behavior (DLB), metformin plus fluoxetine hydrochloride (M+FH), and berberine plus ginsenoside Rb1 (B+GRb1) groups. Glucose metabolism and insulin resistance were evaluated by oral glucose test and glucose clamp study. Depression-like behavior was evaluated via behavioral analyses, including forced swim, sucrose preference, elevated plus maze, and open-field tests. HE and Nissl staining, plasma cortisol expression of adrenocorticotropic hormone, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were assayed to explore the mechanisms of action. Compared with the control, rats in the DLB group had a significant increase in the levels of blood glucose and depression-like behavior. The B+GRb1 group significantly improved glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, reduced depression-like behavior, downregulated levels of plasma cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone under stress, and upregulated BDNF protein expression compared to the DLB rats. HE and Nissl staining data revealed that B+GRb1 protected neurons from pathological and morphological changes. Thus, berberine and ginsenoside Rb1 not only improved glucose metabolism in diabetic rats but also ameliorated their depression-like behavior under chronic unpredictable stress. Mechanistically, studied data with plasma hormonal levels and brain neuronal pathological/morphological changes supported the observed effects. The combination of berberine and ginsenoside Rb1 may have a clinical value in the management of diabetic patients with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui-Zeng Yang
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjian 300022, P. R. China
| | - Hao Su
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Jun Song
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Yu Bai
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Lan Deng
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Peng Feng
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Xia Guo
- Langfang Normal University, Langfang 065000, P. R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjian 300022, P. R. China
| | - Xin Gao
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjian 300022, P. R. China
| | - Yan Gu
- Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjian 300170, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Zhen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Yao Lu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
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Hippocampal Subfield Volumes in Major Depressive Disorder Adolescents with a History of Suicide Attempt. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5524846. [PMID: 33954172 PMCID: PMC8057893 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5524846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Suicidal behavior is a leading cause of death and often commences during adolescence/young adulthood (15~29 years old). The hippocampus, which consists of multiple functionally specialized subfields, may contribute to the pathophysiology of depression and suicidal behavior. We aimed to investigate the differences of hippocampal subfield volume between major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with and without suicide attempts and healthy controls in adolescents and young adults. A total of 40 MDD suicide attempters (MDD+SA), 27 MDD patients without suicide attempt (MDD-SA), and 37 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. High-resolution T1 MRI images were analyzed with the automated hippocampal substructure module in FreeSurfer 6.0. Volume differences among the groups were analyzed by a generalized linear model controlling for intracranial cavity volume (ICV). The relationship between hippocampal subfield volumes and clinical characteristics (HAM-D and SSI scores) was assessed using two-tailed partial correlation controlling for ICV in MDD+SA and MDD-SA. We found that MDD-SA had significantly smaller bilateral hippocampal fissure volume than HC and MDD+SA. No significant correlation was observed between hippocampal subfield volume and clinical characteristics (HAM-D and SSI scores) in MDD+SA and MDD-SA. Adolescent/young adult suicide attempters with MDD suicide attempters have larger bilateral hippocampal fissures than depressed patients without suicide attempts, independently from clinical characteristics. Within the heterogeneous syndrome of major depressive disorder that holds a risk for suicidality for subgroups, hippocampal morphology may help to explain or possibly predict such risk, yet longitudinal and functional studies are needed for understanding the biological mechanisms underlying.
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The effectiveness of continuous and interval exercise preconditioning against chronic unpredictable stress: Involvement of hippocampal PGC-1α/FNDC5/BDNF pathway. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 136:173-183. [PMID: 33607579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Various exercise-training types are known to prevent depression, but mechanisms underlying their beneficial effects remain unknown. In the present study, the preconditioning effect of continuous and interval exercise on stress-induced depression was evaluated. Adult male Wistar rats in the exercise groups were made to run on a motorized treadmill, five sessions per week for six weeks. After that, to induce the depression model, the rats were exposed to chronic unpredictable stress for three weeks. Behavioral tests were assessed by open field, elevated plus maze, and forced swim tests. Hippocampal PGC-1α, FNDC5, and BDNF protein expression by Western blot and serum corticosterone by ELISA were detected. In the present results, after continuous and interval exercise periods, locomotor activity, the number of entries and time spent in the open arms were increased, and immobility time was significantly reduced. PGC-1α, FNDC5, and BDNF protein levels had a significant increase, and serum corticosterone did not change. Also, interval exercise training increased PGC-1α and FNDC5 more than continuous. Chronic unpredictable stress reduced the positive changes caused by exercise training, although, except FNDC5, exercise preconditioned groups experienced less significant adverse changes in most variables. These findings showed that both continuous and interval exercise preconditioning with increasing hippocampal PGC-1α, FNDC5, and BDNF proteins and improve the anxiety- and depression-like behaviors have a protective effect against chronic unpredictable stress.
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48
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Sarkinaite M, Gleizniene R, Adomaitiene V, Dambrauskiene K, Raskauskiene N, Steibliene V. Volumetric MRI Analysis of Brain Structures in Patients with History of First and Repeated Suicide Attempts: A Cross Sectional Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030488. [PMID: 33801896 PMCID: PMC8000590 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural brain changes are found in suicide attempters and in patients with mental disorders. It remains unclear whether the suicidal behaviors are related to atrophy of brain regions and how the morphology of specific brain areas is changing with each suicide attempt. The sample consisted of 56 patients hospitalized after first suicide attempt (first SA) (n = 29), more than one suicide attempt (SA > 1) (n = 27) and 54 healthy controls (HC). Brain volume was measured using FreeSurfer 6.0 automatic segmentation technique. In comparison to HC, patients with first SA had significantly lower cortical thickness of the superior and rostral middle frontal areas, the inferior, middle and superior temporal areas of the left hemisphere and superior frontal area of the right hemisphere. In comparison to HC, patients after SA > 1 had a significantly lower cortical thickness in ten areas of frontal cortex of the left hemisphere and seven areas of the right hemisphere. The comparison of hippocampus volume showed a significantly lower mean volume of left and right parts in patients with SA > 1, but not in patients with first SA. The atrophy of frontal, temporal cortex and hippocampus parts was significantly higher in repeated suicide attempters than in patients with first suicide attempt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milda Sarkinaite
- Department of Radiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-67876580
| | - Rymante Gleizniene
- Department of Radiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Virginija Adomaitiene
- Psychiatry Clinic of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.A.); (K.D.); (V.S.)
| | - Kristina Dambrauskiene
- Psychiatry Clinic of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.A.); (K.D.); (V.S.)
| | - Nijole Raskauskiene
- Laboratory of Behavioural Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Vesta Steibliene
- Psychiatry Clinic of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.A.); (K.D.); (V.S.)
- Laboratory of Behavioural Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
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49
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Varela P, Carvalho G, Martin RP, Pesquero JB. Fabry disease: GLA deletion alters a canonical splice site in a family with neuropsychiatric manifestations. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:265-272. [PMID: 33156427 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00640-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked glycosphingolipidosis caused by mutations in GLA, a gene responsible for encoding α-galactosidase A, an enzyme required for degradation of glycosphingolipids, mainly globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) in all cells of the body. FD patients present a broad spectrum of clinical phenotype and many symptoms are shared with other diseases, making diagnosis challenging. Here we describe a novel GLA variant located in the 5' splice site of the intron 3, in four members of a family with neuropsychiatric symptoms. Analysis of the RNA showed the variant promotes alteration of the wild type donor site, affecting splicing and producing two aberrant transcripts. The functional characterization showed absence of enzymatic activity in cells expressing both transcripts, confirming their pathogenicity. The family presents mild signs of FD, as angiokeratoma, cornea verticillata, acroparesthesia, tinnitus, vertigo, as well as accumulation of plasma lyso-Gb3 and urinary Gb3. Interestingly, the man and two women present psychiatric symptoms, as depression or schizophrenia. Although psychiatric illnesses, especially depression, are frequently reported in patients with FD and studies have shown that the hippocampus is an affected brain structure in these patients, it is not clear whether the Gb3 accumulation in the brain is responsible for these symptoms or they are secondary. Therefore, new studies are needed to understand whether the accumulation of Gb3 could produce neuronal alterations leading to psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Varela
- Center for Research and Molecular Diagnostic of Genetic Diseases - Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 9o andar, São Paulo, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Gerson Carvalho
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital de Apoio de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Renan Paulo Martin
- Center for Research and Molecular Diagnostic of Genetic Diseases - Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 9o andar, São Paulo, 04039-032, Brazil
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - João Bosco Pesquero
- Center for Research and Molecular Diagnostic of Genetic Diseases - Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 9o andar, São Paulo, 04039-032, Brazil.
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Kang W, Shin JH, Han KM, Kim A, Kang Y, Kang J, Tae WS, Paik JW, Lee HW, Seong JK, Ham BJ. Local shape volume alterations in subcortical structures of suicide attempters with major depressive disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:4925-4934. [PMID: 32804434 PMCID: PMC7643352 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicide is among the most important global health concerns; accordingly, an increasing number of studies have shown the risks for suicide attempt(s) in terms of brain morphometric features and their clinical correlates. However, brain studies addressing suicidal vulnerability have been more focused on demonstrating impairments in cortical structures than in the subcortical structures. Using local shape volumes (LSV) analysis, we investigated subcortical structures with their clinical correlates in depressed patients who attempted suicide. Then we compared them with depressed patients without a suicidal history and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs; i.e., 47 suicide attempters with depression, 47 non-suicide attempters with depression, and 109 HCs). Significant volumetric differences were found between suicidal and nonsuicidal depressed patients in several vertices: 16 in the left amygdala; 201 in the left hippocampus; 1,057 in the left putamen; and 140 in the left pallidum; 1 in the right pallidum; and 6 in the bilateral thalamus. These findings indicated subcortical alterations in LSV in components of the limbic-cortical-striatal-pallidal-thalamic circuits. Moreover, our results demonstrated that the basal ganglia was correlated with perceived stress levels, and the thalamus was correlated with suicidal ideation. We suggest that suicidality in major depressive disorder may involve subcortical volume alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooyoung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyeon Shin
- Medical & Health Device Division, Korea Testing Laboratory, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Man Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youbin Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - June Kang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Suk Tae
- Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Paik
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Woo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Kyung Seong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Ham
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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