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Flores MR, Zuniga SS. Integration of Endogenous Opioid System Research in the Interprofessional Diagnosis and Treatment of Obesity and Eating Disorders. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 35:357-380. [PMID: 38874732 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45493-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
This third and final chapter in our trilogy introduces the clinical distinctions and phenotypical similarities between obesity and eating disorders. Research elaborating on the shared neurobiological substrates for obesity and eating disorders is discussed. We present an interprofessional model of treatment for both disordered eating and for obesity. Additionally, this chapter establishes the translational importance of research connecting endogenous opioid activity with both obesity and eating disorders, with an emphasis on clinical interventions. We conclude with a discussion of future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvana Stephano Zuniga
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico
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2
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Pati B, Sendh S, Sahu B, Pani S, Jena N, Bal NC. Recent advancements in pharmacological strategies to modulate energy balance for combating obesity. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1429-1445. [PMID: 37593583 PMCID: PMC10429841 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00107e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity along with its related metabolic diseases has increased globally in recent decades. Obesity originates from a heterogeneous physiological state, which is further complicated by the influence of factors such as genetic, behavioural, and environmental. Lifestyle interventions including exercise and diet have limited success, necessitating the development of pharmacological approaches. Mechanistically, strategies target either reducing energy intake or increasing consumption through metabolism boosting. Current drugs lower energy intake via inducing satiety or inhibiting substrate absorption, while targeting mitochondria or cytosolic energy sensors has shown limited success due to toxicity. Nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) has provided hope for activating these processes selectively without significant side effects. The internet-based marketing of plant-based formulations for enhancing metabolism has surged. This review compiles scientific articles, magazines, newspapers, and online resources on anti-obesity drug development. Combination therapy of metabolic boosters and established anti-obesity compounds appears to be a promising future approach that requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benudhara Pati
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University Bhubaneswar Odisha 751024 India
| | - Satyabrata Sendh
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University Bhubaneswar Odisha 751024 India
| | - Bijayashree Sahu
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University Bhubaneswar Odisha 751024 India
| | - Sunil Pani
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University Bhubaneswar Odisha 751024 India
| | - Nivedita Jena
- Institute of Life Science, DBT ILS Bioincubator Bhubaneswar Odisha 751021-India
| | - Naresh Chandra Bal
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University Bhubaneswar Odisha 751024 India
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3
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Hafida S, Apovian C. Physiology of the Weight-Reduced State and Its Impact on Weight Regain. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2022; 51:795-815. [PMID: 36244694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by long duration, slow progression, and periods of remission and relapses. Despite the development of effective medical and surgical interventions and millions of people conducting tremendous personal efforts to manage their weight every year, recidivism remains a significant barrier to attaining long-term weight maintenance. This review aimed to explain the underlying physiology of the weight-reduced state including changes in energy balance, adipose tissue, genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors that may predispose individuals to weight regain following weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Hafida
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, 72 East, Concord Street C3 (Room 321 A), Collamore Building, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Caroline Apovian
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Center for Weight Management and Wellness, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Suite RFB-2, Brigham and Women's at 221 Longwood, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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4
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Chivite M, Comesaña S, Calo J, Soengas JL, Conde-Sieira M. Endocannabinoid receptors are involved in enhancing food intake in rainbow trout. Horm Behav 2022; 146:105277. [PMID: 36356457 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in hedonic regulation of food intake, including endocannabinoid system (ECs) are scarcely known in fish. We recently demonstrate in rainbow trout the presence of a rewarding response mediated by ECs in hypothalamus and telencephalon when fish fed a lipid-enriched diet, and that central administration of main agonists of ECs namely AEA or 2-AG exert a bimodal effect on feed intake in fish with low doses inducing an increase that disappears with the high dose of both endocannabinoids (EC). To assess the precise involvement of the different receptors of the ECs (CNR1, TRPV1, and GPR55) in this response we injected intracerebroventricularly AEA or 2-AG in the absence/presence of specific receptor antagonists (AM251, capsazepine, and ML193; respectively). The presence of antagonists clearly counteracts the effect of EC supporting the specificity of EC action inducing changes not only in ECs but also in GABA and glutamate metabolism ultimately leading to the increase observed in food intake response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Chivite
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Spain
| | - Sara Comesaña
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Spain
| | - Jessica Calo
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Spain
| | - José L Soengas
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta Conde-Sieira
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Spain.
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5
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Signaling pathways in obesity: mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:298. [PMID: 36031641 PMCID: PMC9420733 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex, chronic disease and global public health challenge. Characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the body, obesity sharply increases the risk of several diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and is linked to lower life expectancy. Although lifestyle intervention (diet and exercise) has remarkable effects on weight management, achieving long-term success at weight loss is extremely challenging, and the prevalence of obesity continues to rise worldwide. Over the past decades, the pathophysiology of obesity has been extensively investigated, and an increasing number of signal transduction pathways have been implicated in obesity, making it possible to fight obesity in a more effective and precise way. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the pathogenesis of obesity from both experimental and clinical studies, focusing on signaling pathways and their roles in the regulation of food intake, glucose homeostasis, adipogenesis, thermogenesis, and chronic inflammation. We also discuss the current anti-obesity drugs, as well as weight loss compounds in clinical trials, that target these signals. The evolving knowledge of signaling transduction may shed light on the future direction of obesity research, as we move into a new era of precision medicine.
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6
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Baghaeikia S, Fallah H, Khodadadi M, Yousefvand S, Mahdavi K, Zendehdel M, Rahmani B. Opioid receptor μ, not δ and κ modulate food intake induced by ghrelin in laying chickens. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:983-992. [PMID: 35819847 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2022-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from animal studies suggests that opioidergic system and gherlin have a regulatory role in food intake, but their interaction(s) have not been studied in laying chickens. So in this study, 4 experiments (each included 4 groups) were designed. The first experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of ghrelin on the cumulative food intake. Experiments 2 to 4 were designed to investigate the possibility of μ, δ, or κ opioid receptors mediating ghrelin-induced hypophagia. All drugs were injected intracerebroventricularly (ICV) at 5 days of age. The results of this study showed that the ICV injection of 1.5 nmol ghrelin did not affect cumulative food intake. But ICV injection of ghrelin with doses of 3 and 6 nmol significantly reduced the cumulative food intake (p<0.05). However, co-injection of ghrelin with NTI, and nor-BNI did not show a significant change in decreased food intake compared to ghrelin. Also, opioid μ receptor gene expression significantly increased (p<0.05), but δ and κ opioid receptors gene expression did not significantly change. These results indicated the opioidergic system is involved in developing ghrelin-induced hypophagic effects in laying chickens. Accordingly, this effect of ghrelin to modify the nutritional behavior is possibly mediated by opioid μ receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilan Baghaeikia
- Tehran University, 48425, Tehran, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of);
| | - Hamed Fallah
- Tehran University, 48425, Tehran, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of);
| | - Mina Khodadadi
- Tehran University, 48425, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of);
| | - Shiba Yousefvand
- Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 48440, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, Iran (the Islamic Republic of);
| | - Kimia Mahdavi
- University of Tehran Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 108820, Basic Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of);
| | - Morteza Zendehdel
- Tehran University, 48425, Tehran, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of);
| | - Behrouz Rahmani
- Tehran University, 48425, Tehran, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of);
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7
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Díaz-Rúa A, Chivite M, Comesaña S, Conde-Sieira M, Soengas JL. The Opioid System in Rainbow Trout Telencephalon Is Probably Involved in the Hedonic Regulation of Food Intake. Front Physiol 2022; 13:800218. [PMID: 35299666 PMCID: PMC8921556 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.800218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesize that opioids are involved in the regulation of food intake in fish through homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms. Therefore, we evaluated in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hypothalamus and telencephalon changes in precursors, endogenous ligands and receptors of the opioid system under different situations aimed to induce changes in the homeostatic (through fasted/fed/refed fish) and hedonic (through feeding fish a control or a palatable high-fat diet) regulation of food intake. No major changes occurred in parameters assessed related with the nutritional condition of fish (fasted/fed/refed), allowing us to suggest that the opioid system seems not to have an important role in the homeostatic regulation of food intake in rainbow trout. The responses observed in telencephalon of rainbow trout fed the palatable high-fat diet included a decrease in mRNA abundance of the opioid precursor penka, in a way similar to that known in mammals, and increased mRNA abundance of the opioid receptors oprd1 and oprk1 supporting a role for telencephalic opioid system in the hedonic regulation of food intake in fish.
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8
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Kantonen T, Karjalainen T, Pekkarinen L, Isojärvi J, Kalliokoski K, Kaasinen V, Hirvonen J, Nuutila P, Nummenmaa L. Cerebral μ-opioid and CB 1 receptor systems have distinct roles in human feeding behavior. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:442. [PMID: 34453034 PMCID: PMC8397789 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01559-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating behavior varies greatly between individuals, but the neurobiological basis of these trait-like differences in feeding remains poorly understood. Central μ-opioid receptors (MOR) and cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1R) regulate energy balance via multiple neural pathways, promoting food intake and reward. Because obesity and eating disorders have been associated with alterations in the brain's opioid and endocannabinoid signaling, the variation in MOR and CB1R system function could potentially underlie distinct eating behavior phenotypes. In this retrospective positron emission tomography (PET) study, we analyzed [11C]carfentanil PET scans of MORs from 92 healthy subjects (70 males and 22 females), and [18F]FMPEP-d2 scans of CB1Rs from 35 subjects (all males, all also included in the [11C]carfentanil sample). Eating styles were measured with the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ). We found that lower cerebral MOR availability was associated with increased external eating-individuals with low MORs reported being more likely to eat in response to environment's palatable food cues. CB1R availability was associated with multiple eating behavior traits. We conclude that although MORs and CB1Rs overlap anatomically in brain regions regulating food reward, they have distinct roles in mediating individual feeding patterns. Central MOR system might provide a pharmacological target for reducing individual's excessive cue-reactive eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatu Kantonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. .,Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Tomi Karjalainen
- grid.470895.70000 0004 0391 4481Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Pekkarinen
- grid.470895.70000 0004 0391 4481Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.410552.70000 0004 0628 215XDepartment of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Janne Isojärvi
- grid.470895.70000 0004 0391 4481Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kari Kalliokoski
- grid.470895.70000 0004 0391 4481Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Valtteri Kaasinen
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.410552.70000 0004 0628 215XNeurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi Hirvonen
- grid.470895.70000 0004 0391 4481Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- grid.470895.70000 0004 0391 4481Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.410552.70000 0004 0628 215XDepartment of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- grid.470895.70000 0004 0391 4481Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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9
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Yin KJ, Ren JN, Li X, Fan G, Zhao L, Li Z, Zhang LL, Xie DY, Pan SY, Yuan F. Effect and mechanism of high-fat diet on the preference for sweeteners on mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:1844-1853. [PMID: 32901966 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male Kunming mice were divided into a normal diet group (control group) and a high-fat diet group (HF group) (185 g·kg-1 protein, 600 g·kg-1 fat and 205 g·kg-1 carbohydrate). After 8 weeks' feeding, behavioral indicators and biochemical indicators in serum were determined. The double-bottle preference experiment was used to study the preferences of mice for five sweeteners. The monoamine neurotransmitter content, gene expression related to dopamine (DA), and opioid receptors were also determined. RESULTS The body weight of the mice in the HF group increased significantly (P < 0.05) after 36 days compared with the control group. The feed intake of the HF group increased sharply in the first 12 days, and then it became basically unchanged. The preference of the HF group for all of the five sweeteners was highly significantly lower (P < 0.01) than that of the control group. Depression-related behavior was observed in the HF group mice. The triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) content in the HF group were very much higher (P < 0.01) than those of the control group. The gene expression related to DA and opioid receptor in the HF group was significantly lower than that of the control group, except for preproenkephalin (PENK). CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study suggested that a long-term high-fat diet could result in a decrease in the preference for sweeteners and could result in a state of reward hypofunction in mice. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Jing Yin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Nan Ren
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Fan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Food and Agriculture Standardization Institute, China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu-Lu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Ding-Yuan Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Si-Yi Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
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10
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Zhang X, Chen H, Val-Laillet D. Hypothesis paper: electroacupuncture targeting the gut-brain axis to modulate neurocognitive determinants of eating behavior-toward a proof of concept in the obese minipig model. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:61-74. [PMID: 32100220 PMCID: PMC7895779 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00864-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture has thousands of years of history and perspective for the treatment of many health problems and disorders. Beneficial effects of acupuncture on obesity have been demonstrated at various levels in animals and clinical trials, with almost no adverse effect, even when combined with local electrical stimulation, i.e., electroacupuncture (EA), a way to potentiate the effects of acupuncture. However, there is still scattered evidence about the impact of EA on brain functions related to the control of eating behavior, and notably on the gut-brain axis mechanisms involved in these putative central modulations. During the past 10 years, we have described a convincing diet-induced obese minipig model, and successfully implemented brain imaging and neurocognitive approaches to challenge mechanistic hypotheses and innovative therapeutic strategies. In the present article, we propose to confront the current literature on the acupuncture and EA effects on the gut-brain axis and obesity with the latest developments in nutrition and neuroscience research using the minipig model. Our aims are to (a) elaborate functional hypotheses on the gut-brain mechanisms underlying EA effects on obesity, and especially on the role of the vagus nerve, and (b) present the rational for testing these hypotheses in the minipig model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuwen Zhang
- Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Guanzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - David Val-Laillet
- INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, 16 Le Clos, St Gilles, 35590, Rennes, France.
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11
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Díaz-Rúa A, Chivite M, Velasco C, Comesaña S, Soengas JL, Conde-Sieira M. Periprandial response of central cannabinoid system to different feeding conditions in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:1265-1276. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1853412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Díaz-Rúa
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña-CIM, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Mauro Chivite
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña-CIM, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Cristina Velasco
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña-CIM, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sara Comesaña
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña-CIM, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - José L. Soengas
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña-CIM, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta Conde-Sieira
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña-CIM, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Studies have identified several effects of bile acids (BAs) in glucose homeostasis, energy expenditure, and body weight control, through receptor-dependent and independent mechanisms. BAs are produced from cholesterol and characterized by their structures, which result from enzymes in the liver and the gut microbiota. The aim of this review is to characterize the effects of BA structure and composition on diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS The hydroxyl groups of BAs interact with binding pockets of receptors and enzymes that affect glucose homeostasis. Human and animal studies show that BA composition is associated with insulin resistance and food intake regulation. The hydroxylation of BAs and BA composition contributes to glucose regulation. Modulation of BA composition has the potential to improve glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Higuchi
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Russ Berrie Pavilion, Room 315, 1150 St. Nicholas Ave., New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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13
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Correia-Sá IB, Carvalho CM, Serrão PV, Loureiro AI, Fernandes-Lopes C, Marques M, Vieira-Coelho MA. A new role for anandamide: defective link between the systemic and skin endocannabinoid systems in hypertrophic human wound healing. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11134. [PMID: 32636441 PMCID: PMC7341842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of cannabinoids to treat fibrotic skin diseases is an emergent issue. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate systemic and skin endocannabinoid responses in the wound-healing process in humans. A prospective study was performed in 50 patients who underwent body-contouring surgery. Anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine, AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) were quantified using LC-MS/MS. Ten (20%) patients developed hypertrophic (HT) scars. No significant changes were observed between the normal (N) scar and HT scar groups in terms of plasma and skin endocannabinoids. Nevertheless, a positive correlation between plasma and skin AEA concentrations was found in the N group (r = 0.38, p = 0.015), which was absent in the HT group. Moreover, the AEA concentration was significantly lower in HT scar tissue than in normal scar tissue (0.77 ± 0.12 ng/g vs 1.15 ± 0.15 ng/g, p < 0.001). Interestingly, in all patients, the surgical intervention produced a time-dependent effect with a U shape for AEA, PEA and OEA plasma concentrations. In contrast, 2-AG plasma concentrations increased 5 days after surgery and were reduced and stabilized 3 months later. These results suggest crosstalk between systemic and local skin endocannabinoid systems during human wound healing. AEA appears to be the most likely candidate for this link, which is deficient in patients with HT scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês B Correia-Sá
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery and Burn Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto and Centro Hospitalar São João, EPE, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200 - 319, Porto, Portugal. .,Department of Biomedicine - Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia M Carvalho
- Department of Biomedicine - Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula V Serrão
- Department of Biomedicine - Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,MedInUP-Centro de Investigação Farmacológica E Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana I Loureiro
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Research and Development, BIAL-Portela & Cª., S.A., Trofa, Portugal
| | - Carlos Fernandes-Lopes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Research and Development, BIAL-Portela & Cª., S.A., Trofa, Portugal
| | - Marisa Marques
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery and Burn Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto and Centro Hospitalar São João, EPE, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200 - 319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria A Vieira-Coelho
- Department of Biomedicine - Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,MedInUP-Centro de Investigação Farmacológica E Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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14
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Food Addiction among Female Patients Seeking Treatment for an Eating Disorder: Prevalence and Associated Factors. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061897. [PMID: 32604734 PMCID: PMC7353200 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of "food addiction" (FA) has aroused much focus because of evidence for similarities between overeating and substance use disorders (SUDs). However, few studies have explored this concept among the broad spectrum of eating disorders (ED), especially in anorexia nervosa (AN). This study aimed to assess FA prevalence in ED female patients and to determine its associated factors. We recruited a total of 195 adult women with EDs from an ED treatment center. The prevalence of FA diagnosis (Yale Food Addiction Scale) in the whole ED sample was 83.6%; AN restrictive type (AN-R), 61.5%; AN binge-eating/purging type (AN-BP), 87.9%; bulimia nervosa (BN), 97.6%; and binge-eating disorder (BED), 93.3%. The most frequently met criteria of FA were "clinically significant impairment or distress in relation to food", "craving" and "persistent desire or repeated unsuccessful attempts to cut down". An FA diagnosis was independently associated with three variables: presence of recurrent episodes of binge eating, ED severity, and lower interoceptive awareness. In showing an overlap between ED and FA, this study allows for considering EDs, and AN-R in particular, from an "addictive point of view", and thus for designing therapeutic management that draws from those proposed for addictive disorders.
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15
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Zádor F, Nagy-Grócz G, Dvorácskó S, Bohár Z, Cseh EK, Zádori D, Párdutz Á, Szűcs E, Tömböly C, Borsodi A, Benyhe S, Vécsei L. Long-term systemic administration of kynurenic acid brain region specifically elevates the abundance of functional CB 1 receptors in rats. Neurochem Int 2020; 138:104752. [PMID: 32445659 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is one of the most significant metabolite of the kynurenine pathway both in terms of functional and potential therapeutic value. It is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, but it can also activate the G-protein coupled receptor 35 (GPR35), which shares several structural and functional properties with cannabinoid receptors. Previously our group demonstrated that systemic chronic KYNA treatment altered opioid receptor G-protein activity. Opioid receptors also overlap in many features with cannabinoid receptors. Thus, our aim was to examine the direct in vitro and systemic, chronic in vivo effect of KYNA on type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) binding and G-protein activity. Based on competition and [35S]GTPγS G-protein binding assays in rat brain, KYNA alone did not show significant binding towards the CB1R, nor did it alter CB1R ligand binding and agonist activity in vitro. When rats were chronically treated with KYNA (single daily, i.p., 128 mg/kg for 9 days), the KYNA plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels significantly increased compared to vehicle treated group. Furthermore, in G-protein binding assays, in the whole brain the amount of G-proteins in basal and in maximum activity coupled to the CB1R also increased due to the treatment. At the same time, the overall stimulatory properties of the receptor remained unaltered in vehicle and KYNA treated samples. Similar observations were made in rat hippocampus, but not in the cortex and brainstem. In saturation binding assays the density of CB1Rs in rat whole brain and hippocampus were also significantly enhanced after the same treatment, without significantly affecting ligand binding affinity. Thus, KYNA indirectly and brain region specifically increases the abundance of functional CB1Rs, without modifying the overall binding and activity of the receptor. Supposedly, this can be a compensatory mechanism on the part of the endocannabinoid system induced by the long-term KYNA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Zádor
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Nagy-Grócz
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Studies, University of Szeged, Szeged, Temesvári krt. 31, H-6726, Hungary; Department of Neurology, Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Dvorácskó
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726, Hungary; Department of Medical Chemistry University of Szeged, Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Bohár
- Department of Neurology, Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725, Hungary; MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edina Katalin Cseh
- Department of Neurology, Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725, Hungary
| | - Dénes Zádori
- Department of Neurology, Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725, Hungary
| | - Árpád Párdutz
- Department of Neurology, Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725, Hungary
| | - Edina Szűcs
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726, Hungary; Doctoral School of Theoretical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Tömböly
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Anna Borsodi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Sándor Benyhe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725, Hungary; MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6725, Szeged, Hungary
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16
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Buczek L, Migliaccio J, Petrovich GD. Hedonic Eating: Sex Differences and Characterization of Orexin Activation and Signaling. Neuroscience 2020; 436:34-45. [PMID: 32283183 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Palatable taste can stimulate appetite in the absence of hunger, and individual differences in hedonic eating may be critical to overeating. Women are more prone to obesity and binge eating than men, which warrants comparisons of hedonic versus physiological consumption and the underlying neural substrates in both sexes. The current study examined palatable (high-sugar) food consumption in male and female rats under physiological hunger and satiety, and the role of the neuropeptide orexin/hypocretin (ORX). Across multiple tests, females consistently consumed similar amounts of palatable food regardless of whether they were hungry or sated prior to testing. In contrast, males typically adjusted their consumption according to their hunger/satiety state. This difference was specific to palatable food consumption, as both sexes ate standard chow according to their hunger state. ORX is important in food motivation and reward behaviors. Thus, to begin to determine the neuronal mechanisms of hedonic eating, we examined activation and signaling of ORX neurons. We systematically characterized Fos induction patterns of ORX neurons across the entire rostrocaudal extent of the lateral hypothalamus and found that they were activated by food and by fasting in both sexes. Then, we showed that systemic blockade of ORX receptor 1 signaling with SB-334867 decreased palatable food consumption in hungry and sated rats of both sexes. These results demonstrate sex differences in hedonic eating; increased susceptibility in females to overeat palatable food regardless of hunger state, and that ORX is a critical neuropeptide mechanism of hedonic eating in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Buczek
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, United States
| | - Jennifer Migliaccio
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, United States
| | - Gorica D Petrovich
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, United States.
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17
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Zhang R, Yang X, Yang R, Xu Z, Sui N, Gao X. Wanting to eat matters: Negative affect and emotional eating were associated with impaired memory suppression of food cues. Appetite 2020; 150:104660. [PMID: 32171780 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have linked emotional eating with negative affect and decreased inhibitory control. However, studies on inhibitory control have generally focused on motor inhibition. How to stop higher-level cognitive processes, such as food-related memory retrieval or voluntary thoughts, received few direct investigation in field of food intake or food-related decision making. The current study, adopting Anderson and Green's Think/No-Think paradigm, aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional eating, negative affect and food-related memory suppression. METHOD Sixty-one young females participated in the current study, during which they finished food specific Think/No-Think task. Their positive and negative affect and eating style were measured using Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule and Dutch Eating Behavior Question. The reward value of the food item used in the Think/No-Think task was measured using liking and wanting ratings. RESULTS As hypothesized, negative affect and emotional eating were associated with decreased memory suppression of palatable food cues. Further analysis showed that higher emotional eating was associated with greater wanting only among the food items which were previously suppressed however remembered later. DISCUSSION The current study presents the first evidence that negative affect and emotional eating were associated with impaired memory suppression of palatable food cues, and it provided insight into the interaction between reward valuation for the food cues and hippocampal memory mechanisms during retrieval suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xinmeng Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Runlan Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziru Xu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Nan Sui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Gao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.
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18
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Cifani C, Avagliano C, Micioni Di Bonaventura E, Giusepponi ME, De Caro C, Cristiano C, La Rana G, Botticelli L, Romano A, Calignano A, Gaetani S, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Russo R. Modulation of Pain Sensitivity by Chronic Consumption of Highly Palatable Food Followed by Abstinence: Emerging Role of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:266. [PMID: 32231568 PMCID: PMC7086305 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a strong relationship between palatable diet and pain sensitivity, and the cannabinoid and opioid systems might play an important role in this correlation. The palatable diet used in many animal models of obesity is the cafeteria (CAF) diet, based on human food with high sugar, salt, and fat content. In this study, we investigated whether long-term exposure to a CAF diet could modify pain sensitivity and explored the role of the cannabinergic system in this modification. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into two groups: one fed with standard chow only (CO) and the other with extended access (EA) to a CAF diet. Hot plate and tail flick tests were used to evaluate pain sensitivity. At the end of a 40-day CAF exposure, EA rats showed a significant increase in the pain threshold compared to CO rats, finding probably due to up-regulation of CB1 and mu-opioid receptors. Instead, during abstinence from palatable foods, EA animals showed a significant increase in pain sensibility, which was ameliorated by repeated treatment with a fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor, PF-3845 (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), every other day for 28 days. Ex vivo analysis of the brains of these rats clearly showed that this effect was mediated by mu-opioid receptors, which were up-regulated following repeated treatment of PF-3845. Our data add to the knowledge about changes in pain perception in obese subjects, revealing a key role of CB1 and mu-opioid receptors and their possible pharmacological crosstalk and reinforcing the need to consider this modulation in planning effective pain management for obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Carmen Avagliano
- Department of Pharmacy, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Carmen De Caro
- Department of Pharmacy, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Cristiano
- Department of Pharmacy, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna La Rana
- Department of Pharmacy, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Botticelli
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Adele Romano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Calignano
- Department of Pharmacy, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvana Gaetani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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19
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Valbrun LP, Zvonarev V. The Opioid System and Food Intake: Use of Opiate Antagonists in Treatment of Binge Eating Disorder and Abnormal Eating Behavior. J Clin Med Res 2020; 12:41-63. [PMID: 32095174 PMCID: PMC7011935 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr4066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) and substance use disorders (SUDs) commonly co-occur, especially in conjunction with affective syndromes, yet little is known about opiate abuse and ED symptoms in patients on naltrexone-bupropion therapy. Moreover, evidence suggests that the opioid system can also be regarded as one of the major systems regulating the anticipatory processes preceding binge eating episodes. The lack of evidence in the effectiveness of psychotherapy treatment in addition to psychotropic mediations compounds the difficulties in stabilizing individuals with EDs. This article aims to exhaustively review literature relating to the use of opioid antagonists in the management of binge eating disorder (BED) and other abnormal eating habits and how this can be augmented by the use of psychological approaches to come up with the most effective therapy or combination of therapies to manage these conditions. Although this approach is promising, it has not been evaluated. A review of the literature pertaining to the use of naltrexone in patients with EDs was performed through PubMed, PsycINFO and MEDLINE. We selected 63 relevant articles published between 1981 and 2018 and those written in English. Search terms included “Opioid antagonists”, “naltrexone”, “bupropion” and “Psychotherapy” each combined with “Binge Eating Disorder”, “Bulimia Nervosa”, “Anorexia Nervosa”, “Eating Disorder”, “EDNOS” and “Obesity”. While working with these articles, we also identified several problems related to use of these methods in real clinical practice. Seventy-seven articles were reviewed, and 63 were selected for inclusion. Data obtained from these sources confirmed that the blockade of opioid receptors diminishes food intake. More recent findings also indicate that the combination of bupropion and naltrexone can induce weight loss. Augmentation of this by introducing psychotherapy may lead to better outcomes. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) was the most frequently recommended psychotherapy intervention, showing efficacy for EDs and chemical addictions as documented by most of the studies, but with uncertain efficacy when utilized as augmentation strategy. There are limited data supporting the use of psychotherapy in augmentation of standard therapy in ED; however, there is evidence to support that psychotherapy is safe in this population and has been effective in cases of patients with opiate addiction with and without psychiatric comorbidities as well as BED. More research is needed to establish treatment guidelines. Combining pharmacotherapeutic and psychotherapeutic interventions leads to the achievement of a better outcome in managing patients with EDs. Involving families or the use of support groups increases chances of adherence to the prescribed interventions resulting in higher rates of remission. However, it is clear that all of these interventions must occur in the context of a comprehensive treatment program. We believe that patient-specific psychotherapy may not only facilitate the treatment process, but also cause significant alterations in eating pattern. This approach for BED may lead to more significant treatment outcomes, but this possibility must be tested in larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon P Valbrun
- Department of Psychiatry, Interfaith Medical Center, 1545 Atlantic Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11213, USA
| | - Valeriy Zvonarev
- School of Behavioral Sciences, California Southern University, 3330 Harbor Blvd, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, USA
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20
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Grandl G, Novikoff A, DiMarchi R, Tschöp MH, Müller TD. Gut Peptide Agonism in the Treatment of Obesity and Diabetes. Compr Physiol 2019; 10:99-124. [PMID: 31853954 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a global healthcare challenge that gives rise to devastating diseases such as the metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes (T2D), and a variety of cardiovascular diseases. The escalating prevalence of obesity has led to an increased interest in pharmacological options to counteract excess weight gain. Gastrointestinal hormones such as glucagon, amylin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are well recognized for influencing food intake and satiety, but the therapeutic potential of these native peptides is overall limited by a short half-life and an often dose-dependent appearance of unwanted effects. Recent clinical success of chemically optimized GLP-1 mimetics with improved pharmacokinetics and sustained action has propelled pharmacological interest in using bioengineered gut hormones to treat obesity and diabetes. In this article, we summarize the basic biology and signaling mechanisms of selected gut peptides and discuss how they regulate systemic energy and glucose metabolism. Subsequently, we focus on the design and evaluation of unimolecular drugs that combine the beneficial effects of selected gut hormones into a single entity to optimize the beneficial impact on systems metabolism. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:99-124, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Grandl
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Aaron Novikoff
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Richard DiMarchi
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, Tübingen, Germany
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21
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Lee JY, Lee GJ, Lee PR, Won CH, Kim D, Kang Y, Oh SB. The analgesic effect of refeeding on acute and chronic inflammatory pain. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16873. [PMID: 31727949 PMCID: PMC6856519 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is susceptible to various cognitive factors. Suppression of pain by hunger is well known, but the effect of food intake after fasting (i.e. refeeding) on pain remains unknown. In the present study, we examined whether inflammatory pain behavior is affected by 24 h fasting and 2 h refeeding. In formalin-induced acute inflammatory pain model, fasting suppressed pain behavior only in the second phase and the analgesic effect was also observed after refeeding. Furthermore, in Complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced chronic inflammatory pain model, both fasting and refeeding reduced spontaneous pain response. Refeeding with non-calorie agar produced an analgesic effect. Besides, intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of glucose after fasting, which mimics calorie recovery following refeeding, induced analgesic effect. Administration of opioid receptor antagonist (naloxone, i.p.) and cannabinoid receptor antagonist (SR 141716, i.p.) reversed fasting-induced analgesia, but did not affect refeeding-induced analgesia in acute inflammatory pain model. Taken together, our results show that refeeding produce analgesia in inflammatory pain condition, which is associated with eating behavior and calorie recovery effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Yun Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Grace J Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pa Reum Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hee Won
- Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology & Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyun Kim
- Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology & Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngnam Kang
- Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology & Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seog Bae Oh
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology & Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Stemmer K, Müller TD, DiMarchi RD, Pfluger PT, Tschöp MH. CNS-targeting pharmacological interventions for the metabolic syndrome. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:4058-4071. [PMID: 31380808 DOI: 10.1172/jci129195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) encompasses medical conditions such as obesity, hyperglycemia, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia that are major drivers for the ever-increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain types of cancer. At the core of clinical strategies against the MetS is weight loss, induced by bariatric surgery, lifestyle changes based on calorie reduction and exercise, or pharmacology. This Review summarizes the past, current, and future efforts of targeting the MetS by pharmacological agents. Major emphasis is given to drugs that target the CNS as a key denominator for obesity and its comorbid sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Stemmer
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Paul T Pfluger
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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23
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Geloneze B. Tratamento farmacológico da obesidade: passado, presente e futuro. HU REVISTA 2019. [DOI: 10.34019/1982-8047.2018.v44.13989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
O tratamento da obesidade deve ser baseado na percepção de que a obesidade é uma enfermidade crônica, neuroquímica e recidivante. Sendo assim, a combinação de eficácia, sustentabilidade de longo prazo e perfil de segurança de excelência devem nortear a utilização dos medicamentos disponíveis assim como das novas moléculas vindouras. No momento, a liraglutida parece ser a mais completa droga para a obesidade como doença crônica, mas certamente deverá ser superada pelos novos peptídeos de múltiplo agonismo e/ou pela combinação de várias medicações ainda não disponíveis em baixas dosagens para pacientes precisa e individualmente selecionados.
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24
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Tarragon E, Moreno JJ. Role of Endocannabinoids on Sweet Taste Perception, Food Preference, and Obesity-related Disorders. Chem Senses 2019; 43:3-16. [PMID: 29293950 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjx062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and obesity-related disorders such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome has increased significantly in the past decades, reaching epidemic levels and therefore becoming a major health issue worldwide. Chronic overeating of highly palatable foods is one of the main responsible aspects behind overweight. Food choice is driven by food preference, which is influenced by environmental and internal factors, from availability to rewarding properties of food. Consequently, the acquisition of a dietary habit that may lead to metabolic alterations is the result of a learning process in which many variables take place. From genetics to socioeconomic status, the response to food and how this food affects energy metabolism is heavily influenced, even before birth. In this work, we review how food preference is acquired and established, particularly as regards sweet taste; towards which flavors and tastes we are positively predisposed by our genetic background, our early experience, further lifestyle, and our surroundings; and, especially, the role that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays in all of this. Ultimately, we try to summarize why this system is relevant for health purposes and how this is linked to important aspects of eating behavior, as its function as a modulator of energy homeostasis affects, and is affected by, physiological responses directly associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Tarragon
- Department of Neurobehavioral Genetics, Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, Germany
| | - Juan José Moreno
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Spain.,CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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25
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Müller TD, Clemmensen C, Finan B, DiMarchi RD, Tschöp MH. Anti-Obesity Therapy: from Rainbow Pills to Polyagonists. Pharmacol Rev 2019; 70:712-746. [PMID: 30087160 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With their ever-growing prevalence, obesity and diabetes represent major health threats of our society. Based on estimations by the World Health Organization, approximately 300 million people will be obese in 2035. In 2015 alone there were more than 1.6 million fatalities attributable to hyperglycemia and diabetes. In addition, treatment of these diseases places an enormous burden on our health care system. As a result, the development of pharmacotherapies to tackle this life-threatening pandemic is of utmost importance. Since the beginning of the 19th century, a variety of drugs have been evaluated for their ability to decrease body weight and/or to improve deranged glycemic control. The list of evaluated drugs includes, among many others, sheep-derived thyroid extracts, mitochondrial uncouplers, amphetamines, serotonergics, lipase inhibitors, and a variety of hormones produced and secreted by the gastrointestinal tract or adipose tissue. Unfortunately, when used as a single hormone therapy, most of these drugs are underwhelming in their efficacy or safety, and placebo-subtracted weight loss attributed to such therapy is typically not more than 10%. In 2009, the generation of a single molecule with agonism at the receptors for glucagon and the glucagon-like peptide 1 broke new ground in obesity pharmacology. This molecule combined the beneficial anorectic and glycemic effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 with the thermogenic effect of glucagon into a single molecule with enhanced potency and sustained action. Several other unimolecular dual agonists have subsequently been developed, and, based on their preclinical success, these molecules illuminate the path to a new and more fruitful era in obesity pharmacology. In this review, we focus on the historical pharmacological approaches to treat obesity and glucose intolerance and describe how the knowledge obtained by these studies led to the discovery of unimolecular polypharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (T.D.M., C.C., M.H.T.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (T.D.M., C.C., M.H.T.); Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana (B.F., R.D.D.); and Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (M.H.T.)
| | - C Clemmensen
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (T.D.M., C.C., M.H.T.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (T.D.M., C.C., M.H.T.); Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana (B.F., R.D.D.); and Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (M.H.T.)
| | - B Finan
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (T.D.M., C.C., M.H.T.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (T.D.M., C.C., M.H.T.); Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana (B.F., R.D.D.); and Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (M.H.T.)
| | - R D DiMarchi
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (T.D.M., C.C., M.H.T.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (T.D.M., C.C., M.H.T.); Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana (B.F., R.D.D.); and Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (M.H.T.)
| | - M H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (T.D.M., C.C., M.H.T.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (T.D.M., C.C., M.H.T.); Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana (B.F., R.D.D.); and Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (M.H.T.)
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Langer SL, Soltero EG, Beresford SA, McGregor BA, Albano DL, Patrick DL, Bowen DJ. Socioeconomic status differences in food consumption following a laboratory-induced stressor. Health Psychol Open 2018; 5:2055102918804664. [PMID: 30345065 PMCID: PMC6187431 DOI: 10.1177/2055102918804664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined food consumption in response to a laboratory-induced stressor (two challenging neuropsychological tasks) among non-Hispanic White women categorized as lower or higher in socioeconomic status based on education. The two socioeconomic status groups did not differ with respect to current hunger or baseline dietary habits. Perceived stress was measured pre- and post-challenge. Snacks were offered post-challenge; food consumption was measured by weighing snack bowls pre- and post-offering. Perceived stress increased pre- to post-challenge for both groups, but this effect was stronger for women lower in socioeconomic status. In addition, women lower versus higher in socioeconomic status consumed more food overall and more high-fat sweet food in particular (large effect sizes). These findings provide evidence of socioeconomic status differences in food consumption following an acute stressor.
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Abstract
The failure of traditional antidepressant medications to adequately target cognitive impairment is associated with poor treatment response, increased risk of relapse, and greater lifetime disability. Opioid receptor antagonists are currently under development as novel therapeutics for major depressive disorder (MDD) and other stress-related illnesses. Although it is known that dysregulation of the endogenous opioid system is observed in patients diagnosed with MDD, the impact of opioidergic neurotransmission on cognitive impairment has not been systematically evaluated. Here we review the literature indicating that opioid manipulations can alter cognitive functions in humans. Furthermore, we detail the preclinical studies that demonstrate the ability of mu-opioid receptor and kappa-opioid receptor ligands to modulate several cognitive processes. Specifically, this review focuses on domains within higher order cognitive processing, including attention and executive functioning, which can differentiate cognitive processes influenced by motivational state.
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MOSH Syndrome (Male Obesity Secondary Hypogonadism): Clinical Assessment and Possible Therapeutic Approaches. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040474. [PMID: 29649106 PMCID: PMC5946259 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Male obesity secondary hypogonadism (MOSH) impairs fertility, sexual function, bone mineralization, fat metabolism, cognitive function, deteriorates muscle mass and alters body composition. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of dietary intervention and physical activity on the MOSH patient’s hormonal profile after a 10% weight loss compared to baseline. Fourteen male patients were enrolled. Hormonal, lipid, glycemic profiles and body composition were determined at baseline and after a 10% weight loss. Aging Male Symptoms Scale (AMS) and Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) were administered to patients in order to investigate hypogonadal symptoms and food addiction. Compared to baseline, a significant increase of Total Testosterone (TT) (300.2 ± 79.5 ng/dL vs. 408.3 ± 125.9 ng/dL, p = 0.002, 95% CI 26.8; 167.7) and a reduction of 17-Beta Estradiol level (48.3 ± 14.9 pg/mL vs. 39.2 ± 15.2 pg/mL, p = 0.049, 95% CI 3.1; 0.0) were observed. Total Fat Mass (FM) percentage, android and gynoid fat mass percentage (39.2 ± 6.4% vs. 36.2 ± 5.8%, p = 0.0001, 95% CI 22.5; 62.3; 51.5 ± 6.8% vs. 47.6 ± 6.8%, p = 0.001, 95% CI 0.6; 1.8, vs. 39.2 ± 6.2% vs. 36.5 ± 6.3% p = 0.0001, 95% CI 0.9; 2.0 respectively) were significantly decreased after nutritional intervention. In addition, total Fat Free Mass (FFM) in kg was significantly reduced after 10% weight loss (62.3 ± 2.8 kg vs. 60.3 ± 7.7 kg, p = 0.002, 95% CI 45.0; 93.0). Lifestyle changes, specifically dietotherapy and physical activity, induce positive effects on hypogonadism due to obesity.
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Wouters S, Jacobs N, Duif M, Lechner L, Thewissen V. Negative affective stress reactivity: The dampening effect of snacking. Stress Health 2018; 34:286-295. [PMID: 28971580 PMCID: PMC5900576 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study sets out to further elucidate the complex relationship between daily hassles, snacking, and negative affect (NA). The aim of the present study was to examine whether or not moment-to-moment energy intake from snacks moderates the association between momentary stress and NA. And, if so, can this moderating effect be replicated by using the amount of macronutrient intake (i.e., carbohydrates, fat, and protein) as moderator on the association between momentary stress and NA? Adults (N = 269), aged 20-50 years, participated in this study. Stress, NA, and snack intake were assessed 10 times a day for 7 consecutive days in daily life with an experience sampling smartphone application. Multilevel regression analyses were performed to assess the hypothesized associations. Our study revealed a dampening effect of snacking on negative affective stress reactivity. However, this dampening effect could not be replicated by the amount of macronutrient intake from snacks. On the contrary, the amount of carbohydrates has an enhancing effect on negative affective stress reactivity. In the end, our study suggests that the critical question is which mechanisms are decisive in the dampening role of snacking on stress reactivity. A multidisciplinary approach may provide a full perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Wouters
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational SciencesOpen University of the NetherlandsHeerlenThe Netherlands
| | - Nele Jacobs
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational SciencesOpen University of the NetherlandsHeerlenThe Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, European Graduate School for Neuroscience, SEARCHMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Mira Duif
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational SciencesOpen University of the NetherlandsHeerlenThe Netherlands
| | - Lilian Lechner
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational SciencesOpen University of the NetherlandsHeerlenThe Netherlands
| | - Viviane Thewissen
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational SciencesOpen University of the NetherlandsHeerlenThe Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, European Graduate School for Neuroscience, SEARCHMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtThe Netherlands
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Increased ethanol consumption after interruption of fat bingeing. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194431. [PMID: 29590149 PMCID: PMC5874030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a marked comorbidity between alcohol abuse and eating disorders, especially in the young population. We have previously reported that bingeing on fat during adolescence increases the rewarding effects of ethanol (EtOH). The aim of the present work was to study if vulnerability to EtOH persists after cessation of binge eating. OF1 mice binged on fat (HFB: high-fat binge) during adolescence (PND 25-43) and were tested for 15 days after the last access to HFB (on PND 59) using the self-administration paradigm, the conditioned place preference (CPP) and locomotor sensitization to ethanol. Our results showed that after 15 days of cessation of fat ingestion, mice increased their consumption of ethanol and showed greater motivation to obtain ethanol. On the other hand, no effects were observed in the CPP, while an increased locomotor response to ethanol was detected. The present results confirm and extend our previous study demonstrating that the compulsive intake of fat induces long-lasting effects on the reward system that lead to an increased consumption of EtOH.
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Geiker NRW, Astrup A, Hjorth MF, Sjödin A, Pijls L, Markus CR. Does stress influence sleep patterns, food intake, weight gain, abdominal obesity and weight loss interventions and vice versa? Obes Rev 2018; 19:81-97. [PMID: 28849612 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research have reported only weak associations between the intakes of specific foods or drinks and weight gain and obesity. Randomized controlled dietary intervention trials have only shown very modest effects of changes in nutrient intake and diet composition on body weight in obese subjects. This review summarizes the scientific evidence on the role mental stress (either in or not in association with impaired sleep) may play in poor sleep, enhanced appetite, cravings and decreased motivation for physical activity. All these factors contribute to weight gain and obesity, possibly via decreasing the efficacy of weight loss interventions. We also review evidence for the role that lifestyle and stress management may play in achieving weight loss in stress-vulnerable individuals with overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R W Geiker
- Clinical Nutrition Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - A Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M F Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Sjödin
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Pijls
- Loekintofood-gcv/scs, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Rob Markus
- Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Circulating Endocannabinoids: From Whence Do They Come and Where are They Going? Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:155-172. [PMID: 28653665 PMCID: PMC5719092 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this review is to summarize studies in which concentrations of circulating endocannabinoids in humans have been examined in relationship to physiological measurements and pathological status. The roles of endocannabinoids in the regulation of energy intake and storage have been well studied and the data obtained consistently support the hypothesis that endocannabinoid signaling is associated with increased consumption and storage of energy. Physical exercise mobilizes endocannabinoids, which could contribute to refilling of energy stores and also to the analgesic and mood-elevating effects of exercise. Circulating concentrations of 2-arachidonoylglycerol are very significantly circadian and dysregulated when sleep is disrupted. Other conditions under which circulating endocannabinoids are altered include inflammation and pain. A second important role for endocannabinoid signaling is to restore homeostasis following stress. Circulating endocannabinoids are stress-responsive and there is evidence that their concentrations are altered in disorders associated with excessive stress, including post-traumatic stress disorder. Although determination of circulating endocannabinoids can provide important information about the state of endocannabinoid signaling and thus allow for hypotheses to be defined and tested, the large number of physiological factors that contribute to their circulating concentrations makes it difficult to use them in isolation as a biomarker for a specific disorder.
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Anorexigenic effects induced by RVD-hemopressin(α) administration. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:1402-1407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Mason SM, Frazier PA, Austin SB, Harlow BL, Jackson B, Raymond NC, Rich-Edwards JW. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Problematic Overeating Behaviors in Young Men and Women. Ann Behav Med 2017; 51:822-832. [PMID: 28425019 PMCID: PMC5648630 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-017-9905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a risk factor for obesity, but the range of behaviors that contribute to this association are not known. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine associations between self-reported PTSD symptoms in 2007, with and without comorbid depression symptoms, and three problematic overeating behaviors in 2010, and to estimate the associations of PTSD-related overeating behaviors with obesity. METHODS Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses included 7438 male (n = 2478) and female (n = 4960) participants from the Growing Up Today Study (mean age 22-29 years in 2010). Three eating behavior outcomes were assessed: binge eating (eating a large amount of food in a short period of time with loss of control), top quartile of coping-motivated eating (from the Motivations to Eat scale), and top quartile of disinhibited eating (from the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire). RESULTS PTSD symptoms were associated with two- to threefold increases in binge eating and top-quartile coping-motivated eating; having ≥4 PTSD symptoms, relative to no PTSD symptoms, was associated with covariate-adjusted RRs of 2.7 (95% CI 2.1, 3.4) for binge eating, 2.1 (95% CI 1.9, 2.4) for the top quartile of coping-motivated eating, and 1.5 (95% CI 1.3, 1.7) for the top quartile of disinhibited eating. There was a trend toward PTSD symptoms in 2007 predicting new onset binge eating in 2010. Having depression symptoms comorbid with PTSD symptoms further increased risk of binge eating and coping-motivated eating. All eating behaviors were associated with obesity. CONCLUSION Clinicians treating patients with PTSD should know of potential comorbid problematic eating behaviors that may contribute to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Mason
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, 1300 South 2nd Street, 3rd Floor, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - S Bryn Austin
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard L Harlow
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benita Jackson
- Department of Psychology, Smith College, Northampton, MA, USA
| | - Nancy C Raymond
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Powell Center for Women's Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Janet W Rich-Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
The maintenance of the body weight at a stable level is a major determinant in keeping the higher animals and mammals survive. Th e body weight depends on the balance between the energy intake and energy expenditure. Increased food intake over the energy expenditure of prolonged time period results in an obesity. Th e obesity has become an important worldwide health problem, even at low levels. The obesity has an evil effect on the health and is associated with a shorter life expectancy. A complex of central and peripheral physiological signals is involved in the control of the food intake. Centrally, the food intake is controlled by the hypothalamus, the brainstem, and endocannabinoids and peripherally by the satiety and adiposity signals. Comprehension of the signals that control food intake and energy balance may open a new therapeutic approaches directed against the obesity and its associated complications, as is the insulin resistance and others. In conclusion, the present review summarizes the current knowledge about the complex system of the peripheral and central regulatory mechanisms of food intake and their potential therapeutic implications in the treatment of obesity.
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Blanco-Gandía MC, Aracil-Fernández A, Montagud-Romero S, Aguilar MA, Manzanares J, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Changes in gene expression and sensitivity of cocaine reward produced by a continuous fat diet. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:2337-2352. [PMID: 28456841 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4630-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Preclinical studies report that free access to a high-fat diet (HFD) alters the response to psychostimulants. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to examine how HFD exposure during adolescence modifies cocaine effects. Gene expression of CB1 and mu-opioid receptors (MOr) in the nucleus accumbens (N Acc) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) and ghrelin receptor (GHSR) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) were assessed. METHODS Mice were allowed continuous access to fat from PND 29, and the locomotor (10 mg/kg) and reinforcing effects of cocaine (1 and 6 mg/kg) on conditioned place preference (CPP) were evaluated on PND 69. Another group of mice was exposed to a standard diet until the day of post-conditioning, on which free access to the HFD began. RESULTS HFD induced an increase of MOr gene expression in the N Acc, but decreased CB1 receptor in the N Acc and PFC. After fat withdrawal, the reduction of CB1 receptor in the N Acc was maintained. Gene expression of GHSR in the VTA decreased during the HFD and increased after withdrawal. Following fat discontinuation, mice exhibited increased anxiety, augmented locomotor response to cocaine, and developed CPP for 1 mg/kg cocaine. HFD reduced the number of sessions required to extinguish the preference and decreased sensitivity to drug priming-induced reinstatement. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that consumption of a HFD during adolescence induces neurobiochemical changes that increased sensitivity to cocaine when fat is withdrawn, acting as an alternative reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Blanco-Gandía
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, , Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Sandra Montagud-Romero
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, , Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria A Aguilar
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, , Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Manzanares
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, , Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, , Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
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Arjmand S, Behzadi M, Stephens GJ, Ezzatabadipour S, Seifaddini R, Arjmand S, Shabani M. A Brain on a Roller Coaster: Can the Dopamine Reward System Act as a Protagonist to Subdue the Ups and Downs of Bipolar Disorder? Neuroscientist 2017; 24:423-439. [DOI: 10.1177/1073858417714226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the most interesting but tenebrous parts of the bipolar disorder (BD) story is the switch between (hypo)mania and depression, which can give bipolar patients a thrilling, but somewhat perilous, ‘ride’. Numerous studies have pointed out that there are some recognizable differences (either state-dependent or state-independent) in several brain regions of people with BD, including components of the brain’s reward system. Understanding the underpinning mechanisms of high and low mood statuses in BD has potential, not only for the development of highly specific and selective pharmaceutical agents, but also for better treatment approaches and psychological interventions to manage BD and, thus, give patients a safer ride. Herein, we review evidence that supports involvement of the reward system in the pathophysiology of mood swings, with the main focus on the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic neural circuitry. Principally using findings from neuroimaging studies, we aim to signpost readers as to how mood alterations may affect different areas of the reward system and how antipsychotic drugs can influence the activity of these brain areas. Finally, we critically evaluate the hypothesis that the mesocorticolimbic dopamine reward system may act as a functional rheostat for different mood states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokouh Arjmand
- Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mina Behzadi
- Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gary J. Stephens
- School of Pharmacy, Reading University, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
| | - Sara Ezzatabadipour
- Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Rostam Seifaddini
- Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shahrad Arjmand
- Department of Psychology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Lipids in psychiatric disorders and preventive medicine. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 76:336-362. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Blanco-Gandía MC, Ledesma JC, Aracil-Fernández A, Navarrete F, Montagud-Romero S, Aguilar MA, Manzanares J, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. The rewarding effects of ethanol are modulated by binge eating of a high-fat diet during adolescence. Neuropharmacology 2017; 121:219-230. [PMID: 28457972 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Binge-eating is considered a specific form of overeating characterized by intermittent and high caloric food intake in a short period of time. Epidemiologic studies support a positive relation between the ingestion of fat and ethanol (EtOH), specifically among adolescent subjects. The aim of this work was to clarify the role of the compulsive, limited and intermittent intake of a high-fat food during adolescence on the rewarding effects of EtOH. After binge-eating for 2 h, three days a week from postnatal day (PND) 29, the reinforcing effects of EtOH were tested with EtOH self-administration (SA), conditioned place preference (CPP) and ethanol locomotor sensitization procedures in young adult mice. Animals in the high fat binge (HFB) group that underwent the EtOH SA procedure presented greater EtOH consumption and a higher motivation to obtain the drug. HFB mice also developed preference for the paired compartment in the CPP with a subthreshold dose of EtOH. Independently of the diet, mice developed EtOH-induced locomotor sensitization. After the SA procedure, HFB mice exhibited reduced levels of the mu opioid receptor (MOr) and increased cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1r) gene expression in the nucleus accumbens (N Acc), and decreased of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene expression in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Taken together the results suggest that bingeing on fat may represent a vulnerability factor to an escalation of EtOH consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Blanco-Gandía
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Ledesma
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Navarrete
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - Sandra Montagud-Romero
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria A Aguilar
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Manzanares
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
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Mollica A, Pelliccia S, Famiglini V, Stefanucci A, Macedonio G, Chiavaroli A, Orlando G, Brunetti L, Ferrante C, Pieretti S, Novellino E, Benyhe S, Zador F, Erdei A, Szucs E, Samavati R, Dvrorasko S, Tomboly C, Ragno R, Patsilinakos A, Silvestri R. Exploring the first Rimonabant analog-opioid peptide hybrid compound, as bivalent ligand for CB1 and opioid receptors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:444-451. [PMID: 28097916 PMCID: PMC6009935 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1260565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid (CB) and opioid systems are both involved in analgesia, food intake, mood and behavior. Due to the co-localization of µ-opioid (MOR) and CB1 receptors in various regions of the central nervous system (CNS) and their ability to form heterodimers, bivalent ligands targeting to both these systems may be good candidates to investigate the existence of possible cross-talking or synergistic effects, also at sub-effective doses. In this work, we selected from a small series of new Rimonabant analogs one CB1R reverse agonist to be conjugated to the opioid fragment Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-NH2. The bivalent compound (9) has been used for in vitro binding assays, for in vivo antinociception models and in vitro hypothalamic perfusion test, to evaluate the neurotransmitters release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Mollica
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio" , Chieti , Italy
| | - Sveva Pelliccia
- b Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco , Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma , Roma , Italy
| | - Valeria Famiglini
- b Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco , Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma , Roma , Italy
| | - Azzurra Stefanucci
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio" , Chieti , Italy
| | - Giorgia Macedonio
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio" , Chieti , Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio" , Chieti , Italy
| | - Giustino Orlando
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio" , Chieti , Italy
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio" , Chieti , Italy
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio" , Chieti , Italy
| | - Stefano Pieretti
- c Dipartimento del Farmaco , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- d Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Napoli "Federico II" , Naples , Italy
| | - Sandor Benyhe
- e Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Ferenc Zador
- e Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Anna Erdei
- e Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Edina Szucs
- e Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Reza Samavati
- e Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Szalbolch Dvrorasko
- e Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Csaba Tomboly
- e Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Rino Ragno
- f Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco , Rome Center for Molecular Design, Sapienza Università di Roma , Roma , Italy.,g Alchemical Dynamics s.r.l , Roma , Italy
| | - Alexandros Patsilinakos
- f Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco , Rome Center for Molecular Design, Sapienza Università di Roma , Roma , Italy.,g Alchemical Dynamics s.r.l , Roma , Italy
| | - Romano Silvestri
- b Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco , Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma , Roma , Italy
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41
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Blanco-Gandía MC, Cantacorps L, Aracil-Fernández A, Montagud-Romero S, Aguilar MA, Manzanares J, Valverde O, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Effects of bingeing on fat during adolescence on the reinforcing effects of cocaine in adult male mice. Neuropharmacology 2017; 113:31-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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42
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Li WQ, E McGeary J, Cho E, Flint A, Wu S, Ascherio A, Rimm E, Field A, A Qureshi A. Indoor tanning bed use and risk of food addiction based on the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale. J Biomed Res 2017; 31:31-39. [PMID: 28808183 PMCID: PMC5274510 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.31.20160098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The popularity of indoor tanning may be partly attributed to the addictive characteristics of tanning for some individuals. We aimed to determine the association between frequent indoor tanning, which we view as a surrogate for tanning addiction, and food addiction. A total of 67,910 women were included from the Nurses’ Health Study II. In 2005, we collected information on indoor tanning during high school/college and age 25-35 years, and calculated the average use of indoor tanning during these periods. Food addiction was defined as ≥3 clinically significant symptoms plus clinically significant impairment or distress, assessed in 2009 using a modified version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale. Totally 23.3% (15,822) of the participants reported indoor tanning at high school/college or age 25-35 years. A total of 5,557 (8.2%) women met the criteria for food addiction. We observed a dose–response relationship between frequency of indoor tanning and the likelihood of food addiction (Ptrend < 0.0001), independent of depression, BMI, and other confounders. Compared with never indoor tanners, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of food addiction was 1.07 (0.99-1.17) for average indoor tanning 1-2 times/year, 1.25 (1.09-1.43) for 3-5 times/year, 1.34 (1.14-1.56) for 6-11 times/year, 1.61 (1.35-1.91) for 12-23 times/year, and 2.98 (1.95-4.57) for 24 or more times/year. Frequent indoor tanning before or at early adulthood is associated with prevalence of food addiction at middle age. Our data support the addictive property of frequent indoor tanning, which may guide intervention strategies to curb indoor tanning and prevent skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Li
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States
| | - John E McGeary
- Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI 02908, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women
| | - Alan Flint
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Alberto Ascherio
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Eric Rimm
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Alison Field
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States;Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States;Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States;Division of Adolescent Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Abrar A Qureshi
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States;Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI 02908, United States.,Department of Dermatology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, United States
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43
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Ramírez-López MT, Arco R, Decara J, Vázquez M, Noemí Blanco R, Alén F, Suárez J, Gómez de Heras R, Rodríguez de Fonseca F. Exposure to a Highly Caloric Palatable Diet during the Perinatal Period Affects the Expression of the Endogenous Cannabinoid System in the Brain, Liver and Adipose Tissue of Adult Rat Offspring. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165432. [PMID: 27806128 PMCID: PMC5091916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have linked gestational exposure to highly caloric diets with a disrupted endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS). In the present study, we have extended these studies by analyzing the impact of the exposure to a palatable diet during gestation and lactation on a) the adult expression of endocannabinoid-related behaviors, b) the metabolic profile of adult offspring and c) the mRNA expression of the signaling machinery of the ECS in the hypothalamus, the liver and the adipose tissue of adult offspring of both sexes. Exposure to a palatable diet resulted in a) sex-dimorphic and perinatal diet specific feeding behaviors, including the differential response to the inhibitory effects of the cannabinoid receptor inverse agonist AM251, b) features of metabolic syndrome including increased adiposity, hyperleptinemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia and c) tissue and sex-specific changes in the expression of both CB1 and CB2 receptors and in that of the endocannabinoid-degrading enzymes FAAH and MAGL, being the adipose tissue the most affected organ analyzed. Since the effects were observed in adult animals that were weaned while consuming a normal diet, the present results indicate that the ECS is one of the targets of maternal programming of the offspring energy expenditure. These results clearly indicate that the maternal diet has long-term effects on the development of pups through multiple alterations of signaling homeostatic pathways that include the ECS. The potential relevance of these alterations for the current obesity epidemic is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Ramírez-López
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas s/n, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Arco
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Decara
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Mariam Vázquez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rosario Noemí Blanco
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas s/n, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Alén
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Suárez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Raquel Gómez de Heras
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas s/n, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
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44
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Schneider P, Bindila L, Schmahl C, Bohus M, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Lutz B, Spanagel R, Schneider M. Adverse Social Experiences in Adolescent Rats Result in Enduring Effects on Social Competence, Pain Sensitivity and Endocannabinoid Signaling. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:203. [PMID: 27812328 PMCID: PMC5071316 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Social affiliation is essential for many species and gains significant importance during adolescence. Disturbances in social affiliation, in particular social rejection experiences during adolescence, affect an individual’s well-being and are involved in the emergence of psychiatric disorders. The underlying mechanisms are still unknown, partly because of a lack of valid animal models. By using a novel animal model for social peer-rejection, which compromises adolescent rats in their ability to appropriately engage in playful activities, here we report on persistent impairments in social behavior and dysregulations in the endocannabinoid (eCB) system. From postnatal day (pd) 21 to pd 50 adolescent female Wistar rats were either reared with same-strain partners (control) or within a group of Fischer 344 rats (inadequate social rearing, ISR), previously shown to serve as inadequate play partners for the Wistar strain. Adult ISR animals showed pronounced deficits in social interaction, social memory, processing of socially transmitted information, and decreased pain sensitivity. Molecular analysis revealed increased CB1 receptor (CB1R) protein levels and CP55, 940 stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding activity specifically in the amygdala and thalamus in previously peer-rejected rats. Along with these changes, increased levels of the eCB anandamide (AEA) and a corresponding decrease of its degrading enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) were seen in the amygdala. Our data indicate lasting consequences in social behavior and pain sensitivity following peer-rejection in adolescent female rats. These behavioral impairments are accompanied by persistent alterations in CB1R signaling. Finally, we provide a novel translational approach to characterize neurobiological processes underlying social peer-rejection in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Schneider
- Research Group Developmental Neuropsychopharmacology, Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of HeidelbergMannheim, Germany; Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of HeidelbergMannheim, Germany
| | - Laura Bindila
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Schmahl
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Bohus
- Institute for Psychiatric and Psychosomatic Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of HeidelbergMannheim, Germany; Faculty of Health, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg Mannheim, Germany
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg Mannheim, Germany
| | - Miriam Schneider
- Research Group Developmental Neuropsychopharmacology, Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of HeidelbergMannheim, Germany; Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of HeidelbergMannheim, Germany
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45
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Jaremka LM, Belury MA, Andridge RR, Lindgren ME, Habash D, Malarkey WB, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. Novel Links between Troubled Marriages and Appetite Regulation: Marital Distress, Ghrelin, and Diet Quality. Clin Psychol Sci 2016; 4:363-375. [PMID: 27186446 PMCID: PMC4866816 DOI: 10.1177/2167702615593714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Distressed marriages enhance risk for health problems; appetite dysregulation is one potential mechanistic pathway. Research suggests that ghrelin and leptin, appetite-relevant hormones connected to shorter and longer-term energy balance, may differentially affect people with a higher versus lower body mass index (BMI). During this double-blind randomized crossover study, both members of a couple (N=86 participants) ate a standardized meal at the beginning of two visits. Observational recordings of a marital conflict assessed marital distress. Ghrelin and leptin were sampled pre-meal and post-meal at 2, 4, and 7 hours. Diet quality was measured using the USDA 24-Hour Multiple-Pass Approach. People in more distressed marriages had higher post-meal ghrelin (but not leptin) and a poorer quality diet than those in less distressed marriages, but only among participants with a lower BMI. These effects were consistent for both spouses. Ghrelin and diet quality may link marital distress to its corresponding negative health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Jaremka
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | - Martha A. Belury
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Rebecca R. Andridge
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Monica E. Lindgren
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Diane Habash
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - William B. Malarkey
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Janice K. Kiecolt-Glaser
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
- Department of Psychiatry, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
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46
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Talani G, Licheri V, Biggio F, Locci V, Mostallino MC, Secci PP, Melis V, Dazzi L, Carta G, Banni S, Biggio G, Sanna E. Enhanced Glutamatergic Synaptic Plasticity in the Hippocampal CA1 Field of Food-Restricted Rats: Involvement of CB1 Receptors. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:1308-18. [PMID: 26354043 PMCID: PMC4793114 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The endogenous endocannabinoid system has a crucial role in regulating appetite and feeding behavior in mammals, as well as working memory and reward mechanisms. In order to elucidate the possible role of cannabinoid type-1 receptors (CB1Rs) in the regulation of hippocampal plasticity in animals exposed to food restriction (FR), we limited the availability of food to a 2-h daily period for 3 weeks in Sprague-Dawley rats. FR rats showed a higher long-term potentiation at hippocampal CA1 excitatory synapses with a parallel increase in glutamate release when compared with animals fed ad libitum. FR rats showed a significant increase in the long-term spatial memory determined by Barnes maze. FR was also associated with a decreased inhibitory effect of the CB1R agonist win55,212-2 on glutamatergic field excitatory postsynaptic potentials, together with a decrease in hippocampal CB1R protein expression. In addition, hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein levels and mushroom dendritic spine density were significantly enhanced in FR rats. Altogether, our data suggest that alterations of hippocampal CB1R expression and function in FR rats are associated with dendritic spine remodeling and functional potentiation of CA1 excitatory synapses, and these findings are consistent with increasing evidence supporting the idea that FR may improve cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Talani
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Italy,Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 km 4,500, Monserrato, Cagliari 09124, Italy, Tel: +39 070 675 4200, Fax: +39 070 675 4166, E-mail:
| | - Valentina Licheri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Francesca Biggio
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Valentina Locci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mostallino
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Pietro Paolo Secci
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Valentina Melis
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Laura Dazzi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Biggio
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Italy,Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Enrico Sanna
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Italy,Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
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47
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The Influence of Palatable Diets in Reward System Activation: A Mini Review. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2016; 2016:7238679. [PMID: 27087806 PMCID: PMC4818794 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7238679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The changes in eating patterns that have occurred in recent decades are an important cause of obesity. Food intake and energy expenditure are controlled by a complex neural system involving the hypothalamic centers and peripheral satiety system (gastrointestinal and pancreatic hormones). Highly palatable and caloric food disrupts appetite regulation; however, palatable foods induce pleasure and reward. The cafeteria diet is such a palatable diet and has been shown consistently to increase body weight and induce hyperplasia in animal obesity models. Moreover, palatable high-fat foods (such as those of the cafeteria diet) can induce addiction-like deficits in brain reward function and are considered to be an important source of motivation that might drive overeating and contribute to the development of obesity. The mechanism of neural adaptation triggered by palatable foods is similar to those that have been reported for nondrug addictions and long-term drug use. Thus, this review attempts to describe the potential mechanisms that might lead to highly palatable diets, such as the cafeteria diet, triggering addiction, or compulsion through the reward system.
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48
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Scheer FAJL. Hungry for Sleep: A Role for Endocannabinoids? Sleep 2016; 39:495-6. [PMID: 26856900 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.5510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frank A J L Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
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49
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Hanlon EC, Tasali E, Leproult R, Stuhr KL, Doncheck E, de Wit H, Hillard CJ, Van Cauter E. Sleep Restriction Enhances the Daily Rhythm of Circulating Levels of Endocannabinoid 2-Arachidonoylglycerol. Sleep 2016; 39:653-64. [PMID: 26612385 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.5546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Increasing evidence from laboratory and epidemiologic studies indicates that insufficient sleep may be a risk factor for obesity. Sleep curtailment results in stimulation of hunger and food intake that exceeds the energy cost of extended wakefulness, suggesting the involvement of reward mechanisms. The current study tested the hypothesis that sleep restriction is associated with activation of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system, a key component of hedonic pathways involved in modulating appetite and food intake. METHODS In a randomized crossover study comparing 4 nights of normal (8.5 h) versus restricted sleep (4.5 h) in healthy young adults, we examined the 24-h profiles of circulating concentrations of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and its structural analog 2-oleoylglycerol (2-OG). We concomitantly assessed hunger, appetite, and food intake under controlled conditions. RESULTS A robust daily variation of 2-AG concentrations with a nadir around the middle of the sleep/overnight fast, followed by a continuous increase culminating in the early afternoon, was evident under both sleep conditions but sleep restriction resulted in an amplification of this rhythm with delayed and extended maximum values. Concentrations of 2-OG followed a similar pattern, but with a lesser amplitude. When sleep deprived, participants reported increases in hunger and appetite concomitant with the afternoon elevation of 2-AG concentrations, and were less able to inhibit intake of palatable snacks. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that activation of the eCB system may be involved in excessive food intake in a state of sleep debt and contribute to the increased risk of obesity associated with insufficient sleep. COMMENTARY A commentary on this article appears in this issue on page 495.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C Hanlon
- University of Chicago Sleep, Health and Metabolism Center (SMAHC), Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Esra Tasali
- University of Chicago Sleep, Health and Metabolism Center (SMAHC), Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Rachel Leproult
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group (UR2NF) at the Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN) and the ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI) Campus du Solbosch, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kara L Stuhr
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Elizabeth Doncheck
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Harriet de Wit
- University of Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Chicago, IL
| | - Cecilia J Hillard
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Eve Van Cauter
- University of Chicago Sleep, Health and Metabolism Center (SMAHC), Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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50
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Ramírez-López MT, Vázquez M, Bindila L, Lomazzo E, Hofmann C, Blanco RN, Alén F, Antón M, Decara J, Ouro D, Orio L, Suarez J, Lutz B, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Gómez de Heras R. Exposure to a Highly Caloric Palatable Diet During Pregestational and Gestational Periods Affects Hypothalamic and Hippocampal Endocannabinoid Levels at Birth and Induces Adiposity and Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Male Rat Offspring. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 9:339. [PMID: 26778987 PMCID: PMC4701936 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to unbalanced diets during pre-gestational and gestational periods may result in long-term alterations in metabolism and behavior. The contribution of the endocannabinoid system to these long-term adaptive responses is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the impact of female rat exposure to a hypercaloric-hypoproteic palatable diet during pre-gestational, gestational and lactational periods on the development of male offspring. In addition, the hypothalamic and hippocampal endocannabinoid contents at birth and the behavioral performance in adulthood were investigated. Exposure to a palatable diet resulted in low weight offspring who exhibited low hypothalamic contents of arachidonic acid and the two major endocannabinoids (anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol) at birth. Palmitoylethanolamide, but not oleoylethanolamide, also decreased. Additionally, pups from palatable diet-fed dams displayed lower levels of anandamide and palmitoylethanolamide in the hippocampus. The low-weight male offspring, born from palatable diet exposed mothers, gained less weight during lactation and although they recovered weight during the post-weaning period, they developed abdominal adiposity in adulthood. These animals exhibited anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus-maze and open field test and a low preference for a chocolate diet in a food preference test, indicating that maternal exposure to a hypercaloric diet induces long-term behavioral alterations in male offspring. These results suggest that maternal diet alterations in the function of the endogenous cannabinoid system can mediate the observed phenotype of the offspring, since both hypothalamic and hippocampal endocannabinoids regulate feeding, metabolic adaptions to caloric diets, learning, memory, and emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariam Vázquez
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto IBIMA, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de MálagaMálaga, Spain
| | - Laura Bindila
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Ermelinda Lomazzo
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Clementine Hofmann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Rosario Noemí Blanco
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Alén
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - María Antón
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Decara
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto IBIMA, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Daniel Ouro
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Orio
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Suarez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto IBIMA, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto IBIMA, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de MálagaMálaga, Spain
| | - Raquel Gómez de Heras
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain
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