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Altaweel N, Upthegrove R, Marwaha S. Personality traits and change in depression status at 18 months: Findings from a British Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. J Affect Disord 2024; 367:157-163. [PMID: 39222851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental disorder, yet it shows low remission rates. The available evidence on personality traits as factors associated with the course of depression has common methodological limitations. Identifying personality traits linked with depression can improve understanding of the course of illness. Therefore, we aimed to investigate personality traits that are associated with the course of depression over 18 months. METHODS longitudinal data of 2366 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey respondents were analysed. Assessments were applied at two-time points (baseline) and follow-up (about 18 months later). We assessed the total score on the screening questionnaire from the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-II) for the dependent, obsessive-compulsive, and borderline personalities. Depression was measured using the revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R) version. RESULTS An increase of one score on the borderline personality scale at baseline increased the odds of experiencing persistent depression by 1.50 times (OR = 1.50, 95 % CI [1.22-1.86]), depression onset by 1.30 times (OR = 1.30, 95 % CI [1.14-1.50]), and recovery by 1.52 times (OR = 1.52, 95 % CI [1.35-1.70]), comparing to no depression group. Elevated scores of dependent personality traits significantly predicted depression persistence (OR = 1.95, 95 % CI [1.52-2.49]). An increase of one score on the obsessive-compulsive personality scale increases the odds of depression onset by 1.21 times (OR = 1.21, 95 % CI [1.04-1.39]). LIMITATIONS The APMS survey defined depression statuses in a limited sense, which may affect the generalisability of these results. CONCLUSION The present study confirms previous findings and contributes evidence suggesting that personality dysfunctions worsen depression outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Altaweel
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rachel Upthegrove
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Birmingham Woman's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Steven Marwaha
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Birmingham Woman's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Specialist Mood Disorders Clinic, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Yuan D, Wu J, Li S, Zhou X, Zhang R, Zhang Y. Causal relationships between serum albumin, neuroticism and suicidal ideation in depressed patients: A Mendelian randomization study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30718. [PMID: 38765065 PMCID: PMC11098842 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Although serum albumin and neuroticism have revealed a strong association with suicidal ideation in individuals with depression, the causal relationship between them is uncertain. This study analyzed the causal association of serum albumin, neuroticism and suicidal ideation using large-scale GWAS data and Univariable Mendelian Randomization (UVMR) methods. The Multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis was used to explore the causal pathways. UVMR analysis revealed that genetically determined serum albumin is causally associated with neuroticism (β = -0.006 S.D.; 95 % CI: 0.009, -0.002; p = 0.003) and suicidal ideation (β = 0.009 S.D.; 95 % CI: 0.001, 0.016; p = 0.037); and that neuroticism mediates 100 % of the causal association between serum albumin and suicidal ideation in individuals with depression. These findings suggest genetic evidence for the causal effect of serum albumin on suicidal ideation in depressed patients and the significant mediation effect of neuroticism on this causal association. This study proves the protective role of serum albumin for neuroticism and the riskiness of personality traits for suicidal ideation in individuals with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongling Yuan
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jialing Wu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shansi Li
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruoyi Zhang
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
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Vaartstra LD, Taone T, Mezulis A. Cognitive reactivity as a risk factor for non-suicidal self-injury in young adults. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38190282 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2269450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) risk in young adults is impacted by both affective and cognitive responses to stress. While previous research shows affective reactivity (AR) increases risk for NSSI, less research has examined the role of cognitive reactivity (CR). The current study examined how individual differences in CR to stress relate to NSSI. PARTICIPANTS The sample included 192 college students (M = 19.84 years, SD = 2.51, 82% women). METHODS Participants completed a baseline questionnaire followed by a laboratory visit involving measures before and after stress induction. RESULTS Analyses indicated that individuals who engage in NSSI reported more affective and cognitive reactivity to stress. Additionally, higher levels of affective and cognitive reactivity uniquely predicted NSSI. A combined model yielded mixed results. Higher levels of AR led to lower levels of CR, while higher levels of CR predicted more NSSI. CONCLUSION In sum, results demonstrated significant but unique effects of affective and cognitive reactivity to stress on NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke D Vaartstra
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Trevor Taone
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Amy Mezulis
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Ruiz Santos P, F Barey A, Pautassi RM. Cognitive Distortions Associated with Alcohol and Marijuana Use in Uruguayan Citizens. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 59:680-689. [PMID: 38108303 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2294971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Background: Psychological distress (i.e., incipient symptoms of anxiety, stress, and depression) may promote substance use through increased emission of cognitive distortions. These are automatic irrational thoughts that can promote distress, which in turn increases substance use. Aim: This study analyzed, in a sample of Uruguayan citizens, the unique contribution of cognitive distortions on the frequency and quantity of alcohol or marijuana use, over and above the contribution of psychological distress or the use of emotion regulation strategies. We also assessed whether these variables were associated with having initiated or resumed the use of a substance. Methods: A survey asked about alcohol and marijuana use, psychological distress, emotion regulation strategies, and cognitive distortions. The study comprised a convenience sample of 1132 participants (Mean age = 29.07 ± 8.19 years, 72.26% women). Separate hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted on the frequency and quantity of alcohol or marijuana use, whereas a logistic regression was applied on having initiated or resumed the use of a substance. Results: Several cognitive distortions were significant predictors of frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption or frequency of marijuana use, over and above psychological distress. Differential emission of automatic thoughts was also associated, along with higher scores of psychological distress, with a significantly higher probability of having initiated the use of a new substance or having resumed the use of a substance. Conclusions: Cognitive distortions may promote alcohol and marijuana use. Interventions aimed at modifying these distortions should be considered to reduce the emission of these behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ruiz Santos
- Centro de Investigación Clínica, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Agostina F Barey
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Marcos Pautassi
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Fu Y, Lin X, Li Y, Zhang M, Chen WT, Huang F. Trajectories of cognitive reactivity and its predictive value on postpartum depression in Chinese women: a latent class growth modeling analysis. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2023; 44:2256470. [PMID: 37747284 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2023.2256470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Many women are experiencing postpartum depression (PPD) after giving birth. How to recognize and intervene in high-risk PPD women early and effectively remains unknown. Our objective is to describe the latent trajectory groups of cognitive reactivity (CR) in perinatal women, and their relationship to demographic and disease-related factors, as well as investigate the associations with PPD. Data from 321 perinatal women who were evaluated in urban tertiary hospitals in China at three-time points: 32-35 weeks of pregnancy, 1 week postpartum, and 6 weeks postpartum. Latent class growth modeling was used to identify the trajectory patterns of CR and logistic regression was used to explore the association between demographic and disease-related factors, CR trajectories, and depression. Three trajectory groups were identified: the continuing deterioration group (17.2%), the postpartum deterioration group (22.1%), and the consistent resilient group (60.7%). Participants with a bachelor's degree or higher and with gestational diabetes diagnosis were more likely to be in the continuing deterioration group. Those who were from only-child families were more likely to be in the postpartum deterioration group. Women in the continuing deterioration group and postpartum deterioration group were more likely to experience PPD. Targeted interventions should be developed based on trajectory group of CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Fu
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Nursing, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiujing Lin
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yonglin Li
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Minfang Zhang
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Nursing, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wei-Ti Chen
- School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Feifei Huang
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Erguler H, Ferreira N, Adonis M, Koushiou M. Moderating Impact of Dispositional Mindfulness in the Relationship Between Future Expectancies and Psychological Well-Being. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231175614. [PMID: 37202172 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231175614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mindfulness has been studied under cultivated or dispositional divisions where the latter has strong implications for psychological well-being in meditators and non-meditators alike. In addition, future expectations, or prospections, regarding the occurrence of important events in a person's future have recently been hypothesized to be the main cause behind symptoms of major depression. There is, however, a lack of empirical research looking at possible links between dispositional mindfulness, as understood in its facet structure, and future expectations as understood via perceived risk of occurrence and vividness of mental imagery when prompted to imagine a given list of positive and negative prospective event item lists. Therefore, this research aimed at examining how dispositional mindfulness may be related to probabilistic risk assessments of positive and negative future events (Stage I); and how mental imagery vividness may be moderated by mindfulness facets (Stage II). METHODS Both stages included healthy participants and incorporated the PROCESS macro for moderated regression analysis done with the SPSS software. Stage I included 204 voluntary college students, and Stage II was conducted online with a public sample of 110 adults. RESULTS Although no interaction effect was found in Stage I, nonreactivity to inner experience facet of dispositional mindfulness moderated the relationship between negative imagery vividness and psychological distress in Stage II (F(1,103) = 4.00, R2 change=.018, p <.05). CONCLUSIONS This is a novel finding that could inform a future line of research looking into the relationship between prospection and mindfulness, holding a potential for informing research on mindfulness-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Erguler
- The Department of Psychology, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Cyprus (Northern, via Mersin 10 Turkey)
| | - Nuno Ferreira
- The Department of Psychology, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marios Adonis
- The Department of Psychology, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Koushiou
- The Department of Psychology, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Altaweel N, Upthegrove R, Surtees A, Durdurak B, Marwaha S. Personality traits as risk factors for relapse or recurrence in major depression: a systematic review. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1176355. [PMID: 37215669 PMCID: PMC10196019 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1176355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly recurrent. Identifying risk factors for relapse in depression is essential to improve prevention plans and therapeutic outcomes. Personality traits and personality disorders are widely considered to impact outcomes in MDD. We aimed to evaluate the role of personality aspects in the risk of relapse and recurrence in MDD. Method A PROSPERO-registered systematic review was conducted using Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science and CINAHL as data sources, together with hand searching of four journals over the five years till 2022. There was independent abstract selection, quality assessment and data extraction from each study. Results Twenty two studies me t eligibility criteria involving 12,393 participants. Neurotic personality features are significantly associated with the risk of relapse and recurrence of depression, though the data is not uniform. There is some, though limited, evidence that borderline, obsessive-compulsive and dependent personality traits or disorders increase the risk for relapse in depression. Limitations The small number, in addition to the methodological heterogeneity of the included studies, did not allow further analysis, such as meta-analysis. Conclusion People with high neuroticism and dependent personality traits, borderline personality disorder or obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, compared to those without, may be at a higher risk of experiencing relapse or recurrence of MDD. Specific and targeted interventions may potentially reduce relapse and recurrence rates in these groups and could improve outcomes. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=235919, identifier: CRD42021235919.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Altaweel
- School of Psychology, Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rachel Upthegrove
- School of Psychology, Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Woman's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Surtees
- School of Psychology, Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Woman's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Buse Durdurak
- School of Psychology, Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Marwaha
- School of Psychology, Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Woman's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Specialist Mood Disorders Clinic, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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8
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Joneghani NA, Sajjaian I. The mediating role of perceived stress in the relationship between neuroticism and death anxiety among women in Isfahan during the coronavirus pandemic. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:78. [PMID: 37288392 PMCID: PMC10243458 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_505_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the structural modeling of the mediating role of perceived stress in the relationship between neuroticism and death anxiety among 25-50-year-old women during coronavirus infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present correlational study was conducted with the presence of 130 people (women) using the available sampling method in Isfahan. The Perceived Stress Scale, BFI Five Factor Scale and Death Anxiety Scale were used to measure the research variables. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling, and also SPSS version 23 and Smart PLS3 statistical. RESULT Findings show that the indirect coefficient of neuroticism on death anxiety mediated by perceived stress in the model was significant (P < 0.05) although the mediation rate was partial. Also, in modeling structural equations, the direct effect of perceived stress on death anxiety (0.195), neuroticism on perceived stress (0.305), neuroticism on death anxiety (0.407) were achieved significantly (05/0p). CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that with increase of neuroticism, death anxiety increases in women and with the entry of perceived stress in this regard and increasing this variable in women, the effect of neuroticism on death anxiety increases. Paying attention to this mechanism can be useful in formulating effective preventive and therapeutic interventions for women to reduce the effects of neuroticism and death anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Amani Joneghani
- Clinical Psychology Department, Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan), Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ilnaz Sajjaian
- Clinical Psychology Department, Community Health Research Center, Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan), Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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Wang Y, Sun W, Miao J, Zhu Z, Liang W, Qiu X, Pan C, Li G, Lan Y, Zhao X, Xu Y. Nomogram including indirect bilirubin for the prediction of post-stroke depression at 3 months after mild acute ischemic stroke onset. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1093146. [PMID: 36846136 PMCID: PMC9945073 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1093146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Post-stroke depression (PSD) has been proven to be associated with stroke severity. Thus, we hypothesized that the prevalence of PSD would be lower in patients with mild stroke. We aim to explore predictors of depression at 3 months after mild acute ischemic stroke (MAIS) onset and to develop a practical and convenient prediction model for the early identification of patients at high risk. Methods A total of 519 patients with MAIS were consecutively recruited from three hospitals in Wuhan city, Hubei province. MAIS was defined as a National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of ≤5 at admission. Meeting the DSM-V diagnostic criteria and a 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17) score of >7 at their 3-month follow-up were considered the primary outcomes. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine the factors adjusted for potential confounders, and all independent predictors were brought into the construction of a nomogram to predict PSD. Results The prevalence of PSD is up to 32% at 3 months after MAIS onset. After adjusting for potential confounders, indirect bilirubin (p = 0.029), physical activity (p = 0.001), smoking (p = 0.025), hospitalization days (p = 0.014), neuroticism (p < 0.001), and MMSE (p < 0.001) remained independently and significantly related with PSD. The concordance index (C-index) of the nomogram jointly constructed by the aforementioned six factors was 0.723 (95% CI: 0.678-0.768). Conclusion The prevalence of PSD seems equally high even if the ischemic stroke is mild, which calls for great concern from clinicians. In addition, our study found that a higher level of indirect bilirubin can lower the risk of PSD. This finding may provide a potential new approach to PSD treatment. Furthermore, the nomogram including bilirubin is convenient and practical to predict PSD after MAIS onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenzhe Sun
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinfeng Miao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenwen Liang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiuli Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chensheng Pan
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guo Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Lan
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Wan P, Hu J, Li Q. Impact of Social Support on Depressive Symptoms among Postgraduates during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Moderated Mediation Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3431. [PMID: 36834129 PMCID: PMC9964387 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic continues to spread worldwide, and its related stressors are causing a high prevalence of mental health problems among graduate students. This has the potential for long-term effects on their mental well-being. However, few large-scale studies have been conducted on multiple risk and protective factors. Therefore, we aimed to test the impact of social support on depressive symptoms among graduate students and analyze the mediating role of positive coping and the regulatory role of neuroticism. From 1-8 October 2021, 1812 Chinese graduate students were surveyed online. We used a structural equation model to study the mediating role of positive coping in the relationship between social support and depressive symptoms and used the Hayes PROCESS macro to conduct mediating analysis. The incidence of depressive symptoms was 10.40%. These results showed that positive coping influenced the social support's influence on depression symptoms to some extent. Moreover, neuroticism regulates the indirect relationship between social support and depressive symptoms through active coping. Further research is needed to assess the impact of various forms of social support on graduate students' mental health and to develop strategies for maintaining their well-being, such as network mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinsheng Hu
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116023, China
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Chen L, Liu X, Weng X, Huang M, Weng Y, Zeng H, Li Y, Zheng D, Chen C. The Emotion Regulation Mechanism in Neurotic Individuals: The Potential Role of Mindfulness and Cognitive Bias. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:896. [PMID: 36673652 PMCID: PMC9858632 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20020896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Neuroticism is a personality trait that impacts daily life and raises the risk of mental problems and physical illnesses. To understand the emotion regulation mechanism of neurotic individuals, we developed two complementary studies to examine the effects of mindfulness and negative cognitive bias. In Study 1, four scales (EPQ-RSC, FFMQ, CERQ, NCPBQ) were used for assessment. Correlation analysis and structural comparison showed that: (1) the level of neuroticism was positively correlated with negative emotion regulation; (2) negative cognitive bias mediated the relationship between neuroticism and emotion regulation; (3) mindfulness and negative cognitive bias mediated the relationship in a chain. Study 1 showed that cognitive bias may play a key role in the emotion regulation mechanism. Study 2 further explored the cognitive bias of neurotic individuals using three behavioral experiments. A mixed-design ANOVA indicated that individuals with high neuroticism levels exhibited negative attention, memory, and interpretation biases. Our findings extend previous research on emotion regulation problems of neurotic individuals and broaden the field to personality-based emotion disorders. In particular, a theoretical rationale is provided for the application of cognitive behavioral therapy, such as mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), to the emotion regulation of neurotic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xiqin Liu
- School of Foreign Languages, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Xiangrun Weng
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Mingzhu Huang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yuhan Weng
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Haoran Zeng
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yifan Li
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Danna Zheng
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Caiqi Chen
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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12
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Pauli R, Gaum PM, Cropley M, Lang J. Antecedents, outcomes and measurement of work related-cognition in non-work time: A multistudy report using the work-related rumination questionnaire in two languages. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1013744. [PMID: 36935958 PMCID: PMC10017545 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1013744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the perseverative cognition hypothesis, prolonged activation for example, via work-related rumination impairs recovery and thereby poses a risk to employee health. The extent to which gender, age, occupation or longitudinal stress exposure may alter work-related rumination is an ongoing debate. Whether group or longitudinal comparisons of work-related rumination are valid, however, has never been tested. In this multistudy report, we therefore investigated measurement invariance of the widely used Work-Related Rumination Questionnaire (WRRQ) across gender, age, occupation, and longitudinal measurements by performing secondary analyses of preexisting data on work-related rumination. We examined the psychometric properties of WRRQ measurements in two languages and expand knowledge about the nomological network of affective rumination, problem-solving pondering and detachment in relation to individual employee characteristics (e.g., personality, work engagement, commitment), job stressors (e.g., work intensity, decision latitude, social relations with colleagues and supervisors) and employee health outcomes (e.g., wellbeing, irritation, somatic symptoms). Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses showed partial scalar invariance of English and German WRRQ measurements and full scalar invariance across gender, age, occupation and over the period of 1 week (Study 1, n = 2,207). Correlation analyses supported criterion, convergent and discriminant validity of WRRQ measurements (Study 2, n = 4,002). These findings represent a prerequisite for comparisons of work-related cognition across groups and further the understanding of the antecedents and outcomes of different types of work-related cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Pauli
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Roman Pauli,
| | - Petra Maria Gaum
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark Cropley
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, England, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Lang
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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13
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Cognitive Reactivity Amplifies the Activation and Development of Negative Self-schema: A Revised Mnemic Neglect Paradigm and Computational Modelling. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-022-10332-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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14
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Yang J, Huangfu X, Tong D, He A. Regional gray matter volume mediates the relationship between neuroticism and depressed emotion. Front Psychol 2022; 13:993694. [PMID: 36275226 PMCID: PMC9582242 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.993694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying psychological mechanism of the effect of neuroticism on depressed emotion has been widely studied. However, the neural mechanism of this relationship remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to apply voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to explore the neural mechanism of the relationship between depressed emotion and neuroticism in healthy and young participants through longitudinal tracking research. The behavioral results showed that neuroticism was positively related to depressed emotion at T1 and T2 (6 months later). The VBM analysis revealed that neuroticism positively associated with the gray matter volume (GMV) in the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). Mediation analysis was conducted to investigate the neural basis of the association between depressed emotion and neuroticism. The mediation result revealed that GMV of the dmPFC partially mediates the relationship between neuroticism and depressed emotion at T1 but not T2. Together, these findings suggest that the gray matter volume of dmPFC could may affect the relationship between depressed emotion and neuroticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Yang
- School of Education Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
- *Correspondence: Junyi Yang, ; Anming He,
| | - Xiaoyang Huangfu
- School of Education Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Dandan Tong
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Anming He
- School of Education Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
- *Correspondence: Junyi Yang, ; Anming He,
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15
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Gong Z, Jiao X, Zhang M, Qu Q, Sun B. Effects of personal growth initiative on occupational engagement of college students in the uncertain social context: A cross-lagged model and a moderated mediation model. Front Psychol 2022; 13:988737. [PMID: 36211915 PMCID: PMC9533056 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.988737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the international social context has become increasingly volatile, uncertain, complex, ambiguous (VUCA), and college students need a high level of long-term occupational engagement to cope with the unpredictability of the current employment environment. In this context, this study used a longitudinal design to explore the relationship between personal growth initiative and occupational engagement among college students and, based on this, further explored the role of vocational identity and Big Five personality traits in it. This study used a questionnaire survey method and the study participants were 700 college students in Shandong, China. And the time interval between the two questionnaire measurements was 4 months, with 559 final valid participants (182 males and 377 females). The following results were found in this study: (1) The cross-lagged model found that personal growth initiative was a significant positive predictor of occupational engagement. (2) The moderated mediation model found that vocational identity mediated the relationship between personal growth initiative and occupational engagement, and that neuroticism among the Big Five personality traits played a moderating role, i.e., individuals with higher level of neuroticism personality trait had a relatively weaker positive predictive effect of vocational identity on occupational engagement. This study concludes that colleges and universities need to understand students' interests and personality traits and provide more targeted career education (e.g., intentional growth training and cognitive behavioral therapy) to promote their personal growth initiatives, reduce their neuroticism levels and in turn enhance their vocational identity in order to help college students achieve long-term sustainable occupational engagement in the uncertain social context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhun Gong
- Normal College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinian Jiao
- Normal College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Qunzhen Qu
- School of Economics and Management, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baicai Sun
- Normal College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Vidal-Arenas V, Bravo AJ, Ortet-Walker J, Ortet G, Mezquita L, Ibáñez MI, Cross-cultural Addictions Study Team. Neuroticism, rumination, depression and suicidal ideation: A moderated serial mediation model across four countries. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2022; 22:100325. [PMID: 35950010 PMCID: PMC9343412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/objective Research has highlighted the role of neuroticism, rumination, and depression in predicting suicidal thoughts, but studies on how these variables interplay are scarce. The aims of the present study were to test a model in which emotional stability (i.e., low neuroticism) would act as an antecedent and moderator of rumination and depressed mood in the prediction of suicidal ideation (i.e., moderated serial-mediation), and to explore their replicability across four countries and sex, among college students as an at-risk-group for suicide. Method Participants were 3482 undergraduates from U.S, Spain, Argentina, and the Netherlands. Path analysis and multi-group analysis were conducted. Results Emotional stability was indirectly linked to suicidal ideation via rumination and depressed mood. Moreover, emotional stability moderated the associations between rumination and depressed mood, and between depressed mood and suicidal ideation. Findings were consistent in males and females, and across countries studied. Discussion Regardless of sex and country, people with low emotional stability reported higher levels of rumination, which in turn was associated with more depressed mood, and these were associated with higher reports of suicidal thoughts. This cascade of psychological risk factors for suicidal ideation seems to be more harmful in people who endorse low levels of emotional stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Vidal-Arenas
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Adrian J. Bravo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Jordi Ortet-Walker
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Generós Ortet
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Laura Mezquita
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Manuel Ignacio Ibáñez
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
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Muir K, Madill A, Brown C. Reflective rumination mediates the effects of neuroticism upon the fading affect bias in autobiographical memory. SELF AND IDENTITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2041080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Muir
- School of Management, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Department of Psychology, School of Sciences, Bath Spa University, Bath, UK
| | - Anna Madill
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Charity Brown
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Qiu X, Miao J, Lan Y, Sun W, Li G, Pan C, Wang Y, Zhao X, Zhu Z, Zhu S. Artificial neural network and decision tree models of post-stroke depression at 3 months after stroke in patients with BMI ≥ 24. J Psychosom Res 2021; 150:110632. [PMID: 34624525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have shown that excess weight (including obesity and overweight) can increase the risk of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and other diseases, but there is no study on the incidence of post-stroke depression (PSD) and related factors in patients with excessive weight. The main purpose of this study was to find related factors of PSD at 3 months after stroke in patients with excessive weight and construct artificial neural network (ANN) and decision tree (DT) models. METHODS This is a prospective multicenter cohort study (Registration number: ChiCTR-ROC-17013993). Five hundred and three stroke patients with Body Mass Index(BMI) ≥ 24 were included in this study. The diagnostic criteria of PSD is according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-V) diagnostic criteria for depression due to other medical conditions and the HAMD-17 scores > 7 at 3 months after stroke was used as the primary endpoint. The χ2 test, Mann-Whitney U test or t-test were used to check for statistical significance. RESULTS Our study found that sleeping time < 5 h, CHD, physical exercise, BI score, N dimension(EPQ) and subjective support(SSRS) were associated with PSD in patients with excessive weight. Physical exercise(odd ratio [OR] = 0.49, p = 0.001, 95%CI [confidence interval]: 0.32-0.75) and BI score(OR = 0.99, p < 0.001, 95%CI: 0.98-0.99) were protective factors; sleeping time < 5 h(OR = 2.86, p < 0.001, 95%CI: 1.62-5.04), CHD(OR = 2.18, p = 0.018, 95%CI: 1.14-4.15), N dimension(OR = 1.08, p = 0.001, 95%CI: 1.03-1.13) and subjective support(OR = 1.04, p = 0.022, 95%CI: 1.01-1.07) were risk factors. CONCLUSION This study found several factors related to the occurrence of PSD at 3 months in patients with excessive weight. Meanwhile, ANN and DT models were constructed for clinicians to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jinfeng Miao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yan Lan
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Wenzhe Sun
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Guo Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Chensheng Pan
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Suiqiang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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Abstract
After participating in this activity, learners should be better able to:• Assess strategies for diagnosing depressive disorders in patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)• Identify factors that contribute to the development of depressive disorders in HIV/AIDS• Evaluate strategies for managing depressive disorders in HIV/AIDS ABSTRACT: Depressive disorders and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) are associated with major socioeconomic burdens. The negative impact of depressive disorders on HIV/AIDS is well known, including on treatment outcomes. Unfortunately, depressive disorders are underdiagnosed and undertreated in seropositive persons. This review summarizes clinically useful information on depressive disorders in HIV/AIDS. More specifically, we address assessment, differential diagnosis, contributing factors, management, and common challenges in the treatment of depressive disorders in seropositive individuals. Assessment and diagnosis of depression may be challenging in seropositive persons because of several biopsychosocial particularities associated with HIV/AIDS. One of the difficulties is the overlap between depression and HIV/AIDS symptoms, particularly in individuals with advanced AIDS, requiring consideration of a broad differential diagnosis. Several factors related to HIV/AIDS status contribute to the higher rates of depressive disorders, including infectious-immunological, psychosocial, and exogenous factors. The treatment of depressive disorders in HIV/AIDS involves three groups of interventions: (1) pharmacological interventions, (2) psychotherapeutic interventions, and (3) management of other contributing factors. Challenges in management include poor adherence to treatment and the risk of suicide. We provide evidence-based recommendations to improve assessment and management of depressive disorders in seropositive persons.
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20
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Mediating effects of negative cognitive bias and negative affect on neuroticism and depression. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Huang FF, Chen WT, Lin YA, Hong YT, Chen B. Cognitive reactivity among high-risk individuals at the first and recurrent episode of depression symptomology: A structural equation modelling analysis. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2021; 30:334-345. [PMID: 32969568 PMCID: PMC7855259 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the particular mechanisms by which vulnerability and capability factors influence cognitive reactivity (CR) can contribute to an enhanced capacity to adequately react to depression. However, few studies have explored the CR model. The main aim of the present study was to develop a model that specifies the predictive effects of CR for depression among individuals at high risk for first-episode and recurrent depression. A national cross-sectional, online study using convenience sampling was conducted among 587 vulnerable healthy individuals and 224 depressed patients in China. A battery of indices, including measures of CR, social support, resilience, self-compassion, life events, neuroticism, sleep condition, and negative emotion, were collected. A structural equation model was applied to analyse the data. The final first-episode and recurrent depressive symptoms of the CR models showed good model fit. According to the models, 45%-52% of the variance in depressive symptom was predicted by CR. Social support, self-compassion, resilience, and positive life events directly influenced CR, with β values ranging from -0.18 to -0.24 (P < 0.01). Neuroticism, negative emotion, poor sleep conditions, and negative life events also directly and positively influenced CR (P < 0.01). The relationship between these negative or positive contributing factors and depression was also indirectly influenced by CR (P < 0.01). Our findings demonstrate the role of CR in the prevention and treatment of depression. The first-episode and recurrent depressive symptoms of the CR models considering both vulnerabilities and capabilities of CR in the psychopathology of depression provide a theoretical basis for interventions that reduce CR in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fei Huang
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wei-Ti Chen
- School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yu An Lin
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Ting Hong
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Psychiatric Department, Fuzhou Fourth Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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22
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Soundararajan S, Kazmi N, Brooks AT, Krumlauf M, Schwandt ML, George DT, Hodgkinson CA, Wallen GR, Ramchandani VA. FAAH and CNR1 Polymorphisms in the Endocannabinoid System and Alcohol-Related Sleep Quality. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:712178. [PMID: 34566715 PMCID: PMC8458733 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.712178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances are common among individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and may not resolve completely with short-term abstinence from alcohol, potentially contributing to relapse to drinking. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is associated with both sleep and alcohol consumption, and genetic variation in the ECS may underlie sleep-related phenotypes among individuals with AUD. In this study, we explored the influence of genetic variants in the ECS (Cannabinoid receptor 1/CNR1: rs806368, rs1049353, rs6454674, rs2180619, and Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase/FAAH rs324420) on sleep quality in individuals with AUD (N = 497) and controls without AUD (N = 389). We assessed subjective sleep quality (from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index/PSQI) for both groups at baseline and objective sleep efficiency and duration (using actigraphy) in a subset of individuals with AUD at baseline and after 4 weeks of inpatient treatment. We observed a dose-dependent relationship between alcohol consumption and sleep quality in both AUD and control groups. Sleep disturbance, a subscale measure in PSQI, differed significantly among CNR1 rs6454674 genotypes in both AUD (p = 0.015) and controls (p = 0.016). Only among controls, neuroticism personality scores mediated the relationship between genotype and sleep disturbance. Objective sleep measures (sleep efficiency, wake bouts and wake after sleep onset), differed significantly by CNR1 rs806368 genotype, both at baseline (p = 0.023, 0.029, 0.015, respectively) and at follow-up (p = 0.004, p = 0.006, p = 0.007, respectively), and by FAAH genotype for actigraphy recorded sleep duration at follow-up (p = 0.018). These relationships suggest a significant role of the ECS in alcohol-related sleep phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soundarya Soundararajan
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Narjis Kazmi
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alyssa T Brooks
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael Krumlauf
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Melanie L Schwandt
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David T George
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Colin A Hodgkinson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Gwenyth R Wallen
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vijay A Ramchandani
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Zhang D, Huebner ES, Tian L. Longitudinal associations among neuroticism, depression, and cyberbullying in early adolescents. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Zhang Y, Cole DA, Mick CR, Lovette AJ, Gabruk ME. Cognitive reactivity to low positive and high negative affect. Behav Res Ther 2020; 132:103683. [PMID: 32682076 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive Reactivity (CR), an established diathesis for depression, has been defined as the within-person strength of association between sad affect and dysfunctional attitudes. Watson and Tellegen (1985) proposed that sad affect is a combination of high negative affect (NA) and low positive affect (PA). The current study integrated the CR and the affect literatures by examining the differential and conjoint roles of cognitive reactivity to high negative affect (CR-highNA) and cognitive reactivity to low positive affect (CR-lowPA). In the current study, college student participants completed daily diary measures of CR-highNA, CR-lowPA, and CR to sadness (CR-Sad). Results showed that naturally occurring NA and PA accounted for the relation of sadness to dysfunctional cognitions. Further, the relation of depressive symptoms to CR-Sad was explained by high levels of CR-highNA and CR-lowPA. Born out of the integration of research on CR and affective structures, the current results have implications for both theory and treatment of depression.
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25
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Medeiros GC, Roy D, Kontos N, Beach SR. Post-stroke depression: A 2020 updated review. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2020; 66:70-80. [PMID: 32717644 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-stroke depression (PSD) is common and associated with higher mortality, poorer recovery, more pronounced cognitive deficits, and lower quality of life than is stroke without depression. This manuscript will conduct an updated, comprehensive and clinically-useful review of the risk factors, pathophysiology, assessment, prevention, and treatment of PSD. METHODS This narrative review summarizes articles obtained on PubMed, Medline, EMBase, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Database. This review prioritized articles with a more robust level of evidence, such as original articles with longitudinal data and/or larger samples, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and metaanalyses. RESULTS One hundred twenty-four articles were reviewed, of which 44 (35%) were published before 2016 and 80 (65%) that were published since 2016. DISCUSSION Rates of PSD range from 18 to 33%, yet it is vastly underdiagnosed and undertreated. Risk factors for PSD include female sex, history of psychiatric illness, large or multiple strokes, injuries in frontal/anterior areas or in the basal ganglia, stroke occurrence within the past year, poor social support, and pronounced disability. The pathophysiology of PSD is multifactorial and likely involves decreased levels of monoamines, abnormal neurotrophic response, increased inflammation with dysregulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity. The evidence for preventive interventions for PSD is somewhat inconsistent and modest. The best treatment for PSD consists of the combination of pharmacological, psychosocial and stroke-focused interventions. CONCLUSION PSD is a common, treatable condition that is associated with several negative outcomes. Early detection and proper management are critical to obtain better outcomes in individuals with PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo C Medeiros
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Durga Roy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas Kontos
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott R Beach
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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26
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Huang FF, Wen ZP, Li Q, Chen B, Weng WJ. Factors influencing cognitive reactivity among young adults at high risk for depression in China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:703. [PMID: 32414355 PMCID: PMC7227322 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08845-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the factors influencing cognitive reactivity (CR) may help identify individuals at risk for first episode depression and relapse and facilitate routine access to preventative treatments. However, few studies have examined the relationship between CR and depression in Asian countries. This study was performed to assess the current status of CR among Chinese young adults and explore influencing factors. Methods A national cross-sectional online study using convenience sampling was conducted among 1597 healthy young adults in China (response rate: 93.94%) with a mean age of 24.34 (SD = 5.76) years. Results The mean CR score was 51.36 ± 18.97 (range 0–130). Binary logistic regression showed that a low level of CR was associated with the following factors: high self-compassion, high social support, high resilience, high monthly household income, and living in a rural area, with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 0.14 to 0.70. Young adults in full-time employment, experiencing poor sleep, with high neuroticism, who reported frequent sad mood, and who had a high intensity of negative life events had increased CR to depression, with ORs ranging from 1.18 to 6.66. The prediction probability of these factors was 75.40%. Causal relationships among the influencing factors and CR could not be explored. Conclusions The self-reported CR levels among Chinese young adults were moderate. Enhancing self-compassion, resilience, and social support for young adults and reducing negative life events, neuroticism, and poor sleep may help decrease CR. These findings may help healthcare providers or researchers determine how to cultivate and improve the CR of young adults by establishing documented policies and/or improving intervention efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fei Huang
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, No 1 Xueyu Road, Minhou county, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, China.
| | - Zhi Peng Wen
- Neurology Division, the affiliated hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Qi Li
- Neurosurgery Department, 900th Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Psychiatric Department, Fuzhou Fourth Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wen Jie Weng
- Psychiatric Department, Putian psychiatric Hospital, Putian, Fujian, China
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What Happens to the Health of Elderly Parents When Adult Child Migration Splits Households? Evidence from Rural China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051609. [PMID: 32131512 PMCID: PMC7084810 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is little understanding about the effects of adult child migration on the health of elderly parents left behind in the light of economic contribution and time allocation (farm work and emotional cohesion). Using the pooled data from three latest issues of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in the rural areas, this study assesses the impact of child migration on parents' health by employing instrumental variable approach to deal with the endogeneity problem. Overall, the evidence suggests that adult child migration impairs parental health as indicated by lower self-reported health (SRH), body mass index (BMI), physical activity of daily living (PADL), and higher depression score. Moreover, parents who are female, poorly-educated, and living with one adult child at least are the most vulnerable groups in terms of poor health outcomes. The negative impact of farming burden on the health of parents left behind outweighs the positive impact of economic support and emotional cohesion. Thus, child migration exerts a significantly negative impact on parental health. Establishing medical and social security systems for the elderly is important to complement the traditional family support in rural China.
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28
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Himle AE, Havik OE, Thimm JC. The Leiden Index of Depression Sensitivity-Revised (LEIDS-R) and its revision (LEIDS-RR): An investigation of the internal structure and conceptual validity in a Norwegian sample. NORDIC PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2020.1727359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aslak E. Himle
- Centre for Mental Health and Substance Dependency, Helgeland Hospital Trust Mo i Rana, Selfors, Norway
| | - Odd E. Havik
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jens C. Thimm
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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29
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Sun S, Pickover AM, Goldberg SB, Bhimji J, Nguyen JK, Evans AE, Patterson B, Kaslow NJ. For Whom Does Cognitively Based Compassion Training (CBCT) Work? An Analysis of Predictors and Moderators among African American Suicide Attempters. Mindfulness (N Y) 2019; 10:2327-2340. [PMID: 33312266 PMCID: PMC7728378 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-019-01207-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Both Cognitively-Based Compassion Training (CBCT) and support-based group intervention have been found to be effective for African American suicide attempters in reducing suicidal ideation and depression, as well as enhancing self-compassion. This study aims to further our understanding of effective interventions by exploring participants' responses to both interventions. METHODS Exploratory analyses were conducted in a sample of low-income African Americans who had attempted suicide (n=82) to determine how baseline demographic and psychological characteristics would (1) predict outcomes (i.e., suicidal ideation, depression, and self-compassion) regardless of intervention conditions, and (2) moderate outcomes in interaction with intervention condition. RESULTS Non-reactivity, a mindfulness facet, was identified as an intervention moderator for suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms, suggesting that CBCT outperformed the support group for African American suicide attempters who had low baseline non-reactivity (or high reactivity). Individuals who had high non-reactivity at baseline appeared to benefit more from both conditions in self-compassion as an outcome. There was a pattern that homeless individuals benefited less in terms of their levels of depressive symptoms and self-compassion as outcomes regardless of the assigned condition. When applying Bonferroni corrections, only non-reactivity as an intervention moderator for depressive symptoms was significant. CONCLUSIONS Findings reveal the relevance of mindfulness and to a lesser extent socioeconomic status in informing compassion-based intervention outcomes with this underserved population and the importance of intervention matching and tailoring to maximize treatment effects. Future large trials are needed to replicate findings and directions indicated from the current pilot study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Sun
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Alpert Medical School
| | | | - Simon B Goldberg
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Jabeene Bhimji
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Julie K Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Anna E Evans
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington
| | | | - Nadine J Kaslow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
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Hill KE, Lane SP, Foti D. Block-wise and trial-wise analyses of the late positive potential reveal distinct affective trajectories as a function of neuroticism. Brain Res 2019; 1720:146292. [PMID: 31199908 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The late positive potential (LPP), an event-related potential that is modulated by affective stimuli, is often employed as an objective measure of momentary emotional reactivity in affective neuroscience research. A wide range of tasks are used to elicit the LPP, yet relatively few studies assess how task-specific methodological differences influence observed effects on LPP amplitude. The present study tested whether the LPP systematically varies across repeated blocks of affective stimuli in terms of block-wise averages and trial-wise slopes, as well as if this variability relates to trait affective style. Participants (N = 112) completed a passive-viewing task designed to assess carry-over effects from one fixed valence block to the next. Rather than single scores for each image type averaged across all trials, as is typically done, the LPP was investigated first as averages across single blocks organized by valence and arousal categories and then trial-wise within these blocks. Traditional analyses and multilevel modeling procedures were employed to investigate effects. Results revealed that average LPP amplitude increased for the second versus the first blocks for affective but not neutral images. Moreover, trial-wise variation in the LPP systematically related to trait affective style: neuroticism moderated slopes of reactivity to pleasant and unpleasant images and produced affective carry-over effects for those higher in neuroticism. Together, results suggest that LPP amplitude is systematically modulated by block sequence, which could explain discrepancies across studies. Furthermore, block-wise averages capture only a portion of reactivity, obscuring trial-wise dynamics that are more closely aligned with theoretical frameworks of emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dan Foti
- Purdue University, United States.
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31
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Wang W, Xie X, Wang X, Lei L, Hu Q, Jiang S. Cyberbullying and depression among Chinese college students: A moderated mediation model of social anxiety and neuroticism. J Affect Disord 2019; 256:54-61. [PMID: 31158716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyberbullying is a serious social issue that can cause a number of psychological and behavioral problems for perpetrators and victims. Previous studies have shown that adolescent victims of cyberbullying are more likely to exhibit depressive symptoms. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between the perpetration of cyberbullying and depression, or the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relationship. METHODS A questionnaire survey was conducted among 476 college students to investigate the relationships between cyberbullying perpetration and depression, the mediating role of social anxiety, and the moderating role of neuroticism. RESULTS The results showed that cyberbullying perpetration had a significant and positive predictive effect on depression. Social anxiety partially mediated this relationship. The direct predictive effect of cyberbullying perpetration on depression, and the relation between social anxiety and depression, were both moderated by neuroticism. Cyberbullying perpetration had a greater impact on depression for college students with lower levels of neuroticism and the predictive function of social anxiety on depression was stronger for individuals with low levels of neuroticism too. But neuroticism did not moderate the association between cyberbullying perpetration and social anxiety. LIMITATIONS This study focused only on the individual variables influencing the relationship between cyberbullying perpetration and depression, and did not examine interpersonal or environmental variables. Also, the cross-sectional research design means that causality cannot be deduced from the results. CONCLUSIONS Cyberbullying perpetration can predict depression directly, and also indirectly via the mediating role of social anxiety. Neuroticism moderates the relation both between cyberbullying and depression, and between social anxiety and depression. These findings provide new perspectives for the treatment and prevention of depression among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Psychology, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
| | - Xiaochun Xie
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xingchao Wang
- School of Education Science, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Li Lei
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Qian Hu
- School of Foreign Languages, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Suo Jiang
- Department of Applied Psychology in College of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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32
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Assari S, Javanbakht A, Saqib M, Helmi H, Bazargan M, Smith JA. Neuroticism polygenic risk score predicts 20-year burden of depressive symptoms for Whites but not Blacks. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH AND INNOVATION 2019; 4:e000183. [PMID: 32133428 PMCID: PMC7055662 DOI: 10.32892/jmri.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black-White differences are reported in social, psychological, behavioral, medical, and biological correlates of depression. This study was conducted to compare Black and White older adults for the association between neuroticism polygenic risk score (N-PRS) and chronicity of depressive symptoms over 20 years. METHODS Data came from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), 1990 - 2012, a nationally representative sample of Americans above age 50. Current analysis followed 9,249 individuals (7,924 Whites and 1,325 Blacks) for up to 22 years. Depressive symptoms were measured every two years between 1992 and 2012 using the 8-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D-8). The independent variable was N-PRS. The dependent variable was average depressive symptoms between 1992 and 2012. Linear regression was used for data analysis. RESULTS In the pooled sample, higher N-PRS was associated with higher average depressive symptoms over the 20-year follow up period [b=0.01, 95%CI=0.00 to 0.04], net of all covariates. We also found an interaction between race and N-PRS [b=-0.02, 95%CI=-0.03 to 0.00], suggesting a stronger effect of N-PRS on 20-year average depressive symptoms for Whites than Blacks. Based on our race-specific linear regression models, higher N-PRS was associated with higher depressive symptoms from 1992 to 2012 for Whites [b=0.01, 95%CI=0.01 to 0.02] but not Blacks [b=0.00, 95%CI=-0.02 to 0.02]. CONCLUSION Black and White older adults may differ in the salience of the existing N-PRS for depressive symptoms, which better reflects the burden of depression for Whites than Blacks. This may be because the existing PRSs are derived from mostly or exclusively White samples, limiting their applicability in other race groups. Racial variation in psychosocial, clinical, and biological correlates of depression needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arash Javanbakht
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mohammed Saqib
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hamid Helmi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mohsen Bazargan
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Roman M, Bostan CM, Diaconu-Gherasim LR, Constantin T. Personality Traits and Postnatal Depression: The Mediated Role of Postnatal Anxiety and Moderated Role of Type of Birth. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1625. [PMID: 31354598 PMCID: PMC6639766 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated how personality traits are related to postnatal depression 2 weeks after giving birth and whether these relations are mediated by postnatal anxiety, measured after 3–4 days after giving birth and moderated by the type of birth. New mothers (N = 672, Mage = 29.33) completed scales assessing their personality traits, postnatal anxiety, and postnatal depression 3 or 4 days after giving birth (T1). They also reported postnatal depression 2 weeks after giving birth (T2). Path analysis indicated that postnatal anxiety explained the link between personality traits (i.e., neuroticism) and postnatal depression 2 weeks after childbirth. The type of birth moderated the relation among, personality traits, postnatal anxiety and depression. Neuroticism and consciousness, in the natural birth’s group, and neuroticism and agreeableness, in the cesarean birth’s group, were associated with postnatal depression. Further, anxiety explained the relation between neuroticism and postnatal depression in both natural and cesarean birth groups. In addition, postnatal anxiety mediated the relation between extraversion and postnatal depression in the cesarean birth group. Our findings highlight that postnatal anxiety is a potential mechanism explaining how personality traits (i.e., neuroticism, extraversion) are related to postnatal depression, and that these relations may depend on the type of childbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Roman
- Department of Psychology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iaşi, Romania
| | | | | | - Ticu Constantin
- Department of Psychology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iaşi, Romania
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34
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Liao A, Walker R, Carmody TJ, Cooper C, Shaw MA, Grannemann BD, Adams P, Bruder GE, McInnis MG, Webb CA, Dillon DG, Pizzagalli DA, Phillips ML, Kurian BT, Fava M, Parsey RV, McGrath PJ, Weissman MM, Trivedi MH. Anxiety and anhedonia in depression: Associations with neuroticism and cognitive control. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:1070-1078. [PMID: 30699849 PMCID: PMC9667857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the fact that higher levels of anxiety and anhedonia in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) are linked to poorer treatment outcomes, mechanisms contributing to these clinical presentations remain unclear. Neuroticism, impaired cognitive control, and blunted reward learning may be critical processes involved in MDD and may help to explain symptoms of anxiety and anhedonia. METHODS Using baseline data from patients with early-onset MDD (N = 296) in the Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response in Clinical Care (EMBARC) trial, we conducted a path analysis to model relationships between neuroticism, cognitive control, and reward learning to levels of anxiety and anhedonia. RESULTS Neuroticism was positively associated with both anhedonia (standardized coefficient = 0.26, p < .001) and anxiety (standardized coefficient = 0.40, p < .001). Cognitive control was negatively associated with anxiety (standardized coefficient = -0.18, p < .05). Reward learning was not significantly associated with either anxiety or anhedonia. LIMITATIONS Extraneous variables not included in the model may have even more influence in explaining symptoms of anxiety and anhedonia. Restricted range in these variables may have attenuated some of the hypothesized relationships. Most important, because this was a cross-sectional analysis in a currently depressed sample, we cannot draw any causal conclusions without experimental and longitudinal data. CONCLUSIONS These cross-sectional findings suggest that neuroticism may contribute to anxiety and anhedonia in patients with early onset and either chronic or recurrent MDD, while enhanced cognitive control may protect against anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
| | - Robrina Walker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
| | - Thomas J. Carmody
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
| | - Crystal Cooper
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
| | | | | | - Phil Adams
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Benji T. Kurian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
| | | | - Ramin V. Parsey
- Department of Psychiatry, Stonybrook University School of Medicine
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Haavisto W, Blaskewicz Boron J. Contributions of Personality and Depressive Symptoms on Subjective and Objective Memory. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2019; 90:6-27. [PMID: 30612443 DOI: 10.1177/0091415018822082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine whether individual differences in personality and multifaceted depression explain discrepancies between subjective memory (SM) and objective memory (OM), and whether these relationships varied as a function of gender. Structural equation modeling was used to test these relationships in a group of older adults (65–98 years, N = 606) from the 2000 Wave Panel 3 of the Long Beach Longitudinal Study. Women outperformed men on OM, reporting less frequent memory failures. Dysphoria and openness predicted OM, yet not SM. Cognitive concerns, neuroticism, and conscientiousness predicted SM but not OM. The personality and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) factors relevant for SM differed from those for OM, with the GDS factors showing a stronger impact. Overall, discrepancies between SM and OM may be partially explained by the varying impact of the GDS and personality factors, as both provide differential utility in understanding SM and OM differences in older adulthood.
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Minkwitz J, Scheipl F, Cartwright L, Campbell IC, Chittka T, Thormann J, Hegerl U, Sander C, Himmerich H. Why some obese people become depressed whilst others do not: exploring links between cognitive reactivity, depression and obesity. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2018; 24:362-373. [PMID: 30252503 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2018.1524153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and depression are two major public health concerns, particularly when they co-occur. To date, mechanisms underlying this association have not been established and it is unclear why some obese people become depressed whilst others do not. However, considering the strong association between depression and cognitive reactivity (CR), the present study explores possible associations between obesity, depression and CR in light of the scarce and conflicting nature of past literature. 254 participants were included for measures of depression, CR and obesity. Multivariate analyses of covariance examined the effects of depression and obesity as well as interaction effects of depression x obesity controlling for age and gender. Directions of effects were analysed by means of regression analyses and group contrasts. Linear analyses revealed (1) a significant effect of obesity on the rumination (RUM) and control/perfectionism subscales of CR, (2) a significant effect of depression on CR and all of its subscales, and (3) a significant interaction effect between obesity x depression on RUM. Results may support the 'Jolly Fat Hypothesis' and the existence of a psychologically protected subgroup of obese patients characterised by a lower ruminative thinking style and fewer depressive symptoms. Thus, incorporating anti-rumination therapy into treatment for obese individuals may be beneficial to prevent the development of comorbid depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Minkwitz
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University Hospital Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany.,b IFB Adiposity Diseases , Leipzig University Medical Center , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Fabian Scheipl
- c Institute for Statistics , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , München , Germany
| | - Lydia Cartwright
- d Department of Psychological Medicine , IoPPN, King´s College London , London , UK
| | - Iain C Campbell
- d Department of Psychological Medicine , IoPPN, King´s College London , London , UK
| | - Tobias Chittka
- b IFB Adiposity Diseases , Leipzig University Medical Center , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Julia Thormann
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University Hospital Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany.,b IFB Adiposity Diseases , Leipzig University Medical Center , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Ulrich Hegerl
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University Hospital Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany.,b IFB Adiposity Diseases , Leipzig University Medical Center , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Christian Sander
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University Hospital Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Hubertus Himmerich
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University Hospital Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany.,b IFB Adiposity Diseases , Leipzig University Medical Center , Leipzig , Germany.,d Department of Psychological Medicine , IoPPN, King´s College London , London , UK
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Xi C, Zhong M, Lei X, Liu Y, Ling Y, Zhu X, Yao S, Yi J. Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Neuroticism Subscale of the NEO-PI. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1454. [PMID: 30174631 PMCID: PMC6108233 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroticism is an important concept in psychology, self-report measures of neuroticism are important for both research and clinical practice. The neuroticism subscale of the Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) is a brief measure of neuroticism, and it was widely used in the world. This study was aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the neuroticism subscale of the NEO-PI. A total of 5,494 undergraduates from three universities and 551 clinical patients with mental disorders from a psychological clinic had completed the Chinese version of the neuroticism subscale of the NEO-PI. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to examine how well the three hypothetical models fit the data and the measurement equivalence of neuroticism subscale across gender. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were also evaluated. Both the six-facet model and the bi-factor model (six-facet model with one general factor) achieved satisfactory fit, while the six-facet model had best fit (Undergraduate sample: TLI = 0.919, CFI = 0.933, RMSEA = 0.044, SRMR = 0.033; Clinical sample: TLI = 0.921, CFI = 0.935, RMSEA = 0.047, SRMR = 0.041), and it had measurement equivalence across gender. The neuroticism subscale also showed acceptable internal consistency and good stability. Within the undergraduate sample, there were statistically significant gender differences in neuroticism total scores and scores of six facets, while there were no significant gender differences in the neuroticism scores in the clinical sample. Both in the undergraduate sample and the clinical sample, anxiety facet, depression facet and vulnerability facet of the neuroticism subscale significantly predicted the depression level, while anxiety facet, angry-hostility facet and vulnerability facet significantly predicted the anxiety level. In conclusion, the Chinese version of the neuroticism subscale is a reliable and valid measurement of neuroticism in both undergraduate and clinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xi
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingtian Zhong
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Lei
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Ling
- Education Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiongzhao Zhu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuqiao Yao
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinyao Yi
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
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van der Meer D, Hartman CA, Pruim RHR, Mennes M, Heslenfeld D, Oosterlaan J, Faraone SV, Franke B, Buitelaar JK, Hoekstra PJ. The interaction between 5-HTTLPR and stress exposure influences connectivity of the executive control and default mode brain networks. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 11:1486-1496. [PMID: 27738993 PMCID: PMC5653701 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9633-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that the serotonin transporter polymorphism 5-HTTLPR moderates the relation between stress exposure and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) severity. This gene-environment interaction (GxE) has been previously tied to the processing of emotional stimuli, which is increasingly recognized to be a key factor in ADHD-related impairment. The executive control and default mode brain networks play an important role in the regulation of emotion processing, and altered connectivity of these networks has also been associated with ADHD. We therefore investigated whether resting-state connectivity of either of these networks mediates the relation of 5-HTTLPR and stress exposure with ADHD severity. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, genetic, and stress exposure questionnaire data was available for 425 adolescents and young adults (average age 17.2 years). We found that 5-HTTLPR S-allele carriers showed a more negative relation between stress exposure and connectivity of the executive control network than L-allele homozygotes, specifically in the pre/postcentral gyrus, striatum, and frontal pole. In the default mode network, we found a positive association between the GxE and supramarginal gyrus connectivity. Connectivity of either network did not significantly mediate the effect of this GxE on ADHD. Opposite effects of stress exposure on connectivity in the executive and default mode networks may contribute to findings that stress exposure is associated with lowered cognitive control and heightened levels of rumination and worrying, for S-allele carriers but not L-allele homozygotes. When combined, these effects on connectivity of both networks may relate to the emotional problems seen in individuals with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis van der Meer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Raimon H R Pruim
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Mennes
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Heslenfeld
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA.,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Barbara Franke
- Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Thesing CS, Bot M, Milaneschi Y, Giltay EJ, Penninx BWJH. The association of omega-3 fatty acid levels with personality and cognitive reactivity. J Psychosom Res 2018; 108:93-101. [PMID: 29602331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels have been found in patients with various major psychiatric disorders. This study aims to identify whether psychological vulnerabilities (personality and cognitive reactivity) underlying these psychiatric conditions are also associated with n-3 PUFA blood levels. METHODS Data was used from 2912 subjects (mean age 41.9 years, 66.4% female) from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). Five personality dimensions (NEO Five Factor Inventory) and cognitive reactivity measures (Leiden Index of Depression Sensitivity-Revised and Anxiety Sensitivity Index) were assessed. Plasma n-3 PUFA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels (as ratios against total fatty acids; mmol%) were assessed using a nuclear magnetic resonance platform. RESULTS Low n-3 PUFA and DHA levels were associated with high neuroticism (Standardized beta (Beta) = -0.045, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = -0.079 to -0.010, p = 0.011; Beta = -0.058, 95%CI = -0.093 to -0.022, p = 0.001), low extraversion (Beta = 0.065, 95%CI = 0.031 to 0.099, p < 0.001; Beta = 0.074, 95%CI = 0.039 to 0.109, p < 0.001) and low conscientiousness (Beta = 0.060, 95%CI = 0.027 to 0.093, p < 0.001; Beta = 0.074, 95%CI = 0.039 to 0.108, p < 0.001). Low n-3 PUFA and DHA levels were related to high hopelessness/suicidality (Beta = -0.059, 95%CI = -0.096 to -0.023, p = 0.001; Beta = -0.078, 95%CI = -0.116 to -0.041, p < 0.001), but not with other cognitive reactivity measures. Directions of associations were generally consistent in subjects with and without a current depressive disorder. CONCLUSION Low n-3 PUFA and DHA levels are associated with personality (high neuroticism, low extraversion and low conscientiousness) and cognitive reactivity (high hopelessness/suicidality). Effect sizes were rather small, but in line with previous research on personality and chronic diseases. Future research should examine which lifestyle and/or biological pathways underlie these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carisha S Thesing
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Mariska Bot
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik J Giltay
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Fortuna LR, Porche MV, Padilla A. A treatment development study of a cognitive and mindfulness-based therapy for adolescents with co-occurring post-traumatic stress and substance use disorder. Psychol Psychother 2018; 91:42-62. [PMID: 28815876 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Substance use is common among adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We aimed to develop and study an integrated treatment for adolescents with co-occurring disorders. DESIGN This is a therapy development and open pilot trial study of a manualized therapy for adolescents with post-traumatic stress, depression, and substance use that uses a combination of cognitive therapy (CT) and mindfulness. METHODS Descriptive statistics and paired sample t-tests were calculated to assess for changes in PTSD symptoms, depression, and substance use frequency from baseline to end of treatment using standardized measures and validated by urine drug screens. We also examined for safety, predictors of clinical outcomes, and treatment retention. RESULTS Thirty-seven adolescents participated in the study; 62% were study completers as defined by retention for at least 6 weeks of treatment. There were significant improvements in PTSD and depression symptoms from baseline to end of treatment, reflecting medium effect sizes, and which was associated with changes in trauma-associated cognitions. There was a reduction in cannabis use, which was the most commonly used substance. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary results suggest feasibility, safety, and potential clinical effectiveness of an integrated therapy for adolescents with PTSD, depression, and substance use. Retention was comparable to other therapy clinical trial studies of adolescents despite the high risk for poor treatment retention and poor clinical outcomes among adolescents with PTSD and co-occurring disorders. We discuss the rationale for continued research of this mindfulness-based CT for adolescents with co-occurring disorders. PRACTITIONER POINTS Adolescents with co-occurring PTSD and substance use achieved meaningful improvement in PTSD and depression symptom severity after receiving a CT and mindfulness dual diagnosis approach. An integrated manualized therapy for dual diagnosis shows promise for reducing cannabis use in adolescents with PTSD. Changes in trauma-related cognitions have the potential to improve PTSD and depression symptoms in adolescents with substance use problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R Fortuna
- Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Auralyd Padilla
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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Neuroticism Predicts Subsequent Risk of Major Depression for Whites but Not Blacks. Behav Sci (Basel) 2017; 7:bs7040064. [PMID: 28934128 PMCID: PMC5746673 DOI: 10.3390/bs7040064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultural and ethnic differences in psychosocial and medical correlates of negative affect are well documented. This study aimed to compare blacks and whites for the predictive role of baseline neuroticism (N) on subsequent risk of major depressive episodes (MDD) 25 years later. Data came from the Americans’ Changing Lives (ACL) Study, 1986–2011. We used data on 1219 individuals (847 whites and 372 blacks) who had data on baseline N in 1986 and future MDD in 2011. The main predictor of interest was baseline N, measured using three items in 1986. The main outcome was 12 months MDD measured using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) at 2011. Covariates included baseline demographics (age and gender), socioeconomics (education and income), depressive symptoms [Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)], stress, health behaviors (smoking and driking), and physical health [chronic medical conditions, obesity, and self-rated health (SRH)] measured in 1986. Logistic regressions were used to test the predictive role of baseline N on subsequent risk of MDD 25 years later, net of covariates. The models were estimated in the pooled sample, as well as blacks and whites. In the pooled sample, baseline N predicted subsequent risk of MDD 25 years later (OR = 2.23, 95%CI = 1.14–4.34), net of covariates. We also found a marginally significant interaction between race and baseline N on subsequent risk of MDD (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.12–1.12), suggesting a stronger effect for whites compared to blacks. In race-specific models, among whites (OR = 2.55; 95% CI = 1.22–5.32) but not blacks (OR = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.24–3.39), baseline N predicted subsequent risk of MDD. Black-white differences in socioeconomics and physical health could not explain the racial differences in the link between N and MDD. Blacks and whites differ in the salience of baseline N as a psychological determinant of MDD risk over a long period of time. This finding supports the cultural moderation hypothesis and is in line with other previously reported black–white differences in social, psychological, and medical correlates of negative affect and depression.
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Lu FY, Yang WJ, Zhang QL, Qiu J. Thought Control Ability Is Different from Rumination in Explaining the Association between Neuroticism and Depression: A Three-Study Replication. Front Psychol 2017; 8:838. [PMID: 28620326 PMCID: PMC5450412 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroticism is the most common vulnerability factor of depression. However, the mechanism underlying this vulnerability is still unclear. Previous studies suggested that rumination intensifies the negative effect of neuroticism on depression. However, whether cognitive control could explain the association between neuroticism and depression remains unclear to date. Therefore, this study evaluated the indirect effects of rumination and thought control on the relationship between neuroticism and depression. Seven self-report measures were employed among healthy and main depression disorder (MDD) participants. Three studies were used to examine the hypotheses. Results of the three studies showed significant correlations among neuroticism, rumination, thought control, and depression. Rumination mediated the link between neuroticism and depression among healthy young adults, and this finding replicated previous studies. This study provided new evidence that thought control mediates the association between neuroticism and depression in both healthy and MDD populations. In conclusion, rumination increases neuroticism risk for depression, but high-level thought control decreases the effect of neuroticism on depression. This study may serve as a reference to develop effective and focused interventions for MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ying Lu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Wen-Jing Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Qing-Lin Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
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Kinnunen U, Feldt T, Sianoja M, de Bloom J, Korpela K, Geurts S. Identifying long-term patterns of work-related rumination: associations with job demands and well-being outcomes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2017.1314265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Kinnunen
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Psychology), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Taru Feldt
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Marjaana Sianoja
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Psychology), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jessica de Bloom
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Psychology), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kalevi Korpela
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Psychology), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sabine Geurts
- Behavioural Science Institute (BSI), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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44
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Perceived Stress as a Mediator of the Relationship between Neuroticism and Depression and Anxiety Symptoms. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-017-9587-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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45
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Paans NPG, Bot M, Gibson-Smith D, Van der Does W, Spinhoven P, Brouwer I, Visser M, Penninx BWJH. The association between personality traits, cognitive reactivity and body mass index is dependent on depressive and/or anxiety status. J Psychosom Res 2016; 89:26-31. [PMID: 27663107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A range of biological, social and psychological factors, including depression and anxiety disorders, is thought to be associated with higher body mass index (BMI). Depression and anxiety disorders are associated with specific psychological vulnerabilities, like personality traits and cognitive reactivity, that may also be associated with BMI. The relationship between those psychological vulnerabilities and BMI is possibly different in people with and without depression and anxiety disorders. Therefore, we examined the relationship between personality traits, cognitive reactivity and severity of affective symptoms with BMI in people with and without depression and anxiety disorders. METHODS Data from 1249 patients with current major depressive and/or anxiety disorder and 631 healthy controls were sourced from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the associations between personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness), cognitive reactivity (hopelessness, aggression, rumination, anxiety sensitivity), depression and anxiety symptoms with BMI classes (normal: 18.5-24.9, overweight: 25-29.9, and obese: ≥30kg/m(2)) and continuous BMI. Due to significant statistical interaction, analyses were stratified for healthy individuals and depressed/anxious patients. RESULTS Personality traits were not consistently related to BMI. In patients, higher hopelessness and aggression reactivity and higher depression and anxiety symptoms were associated with higher BMI. In contrast, in healthy individuals lower scores on hopelessness, rumination, aggression reactivity and anxiety sensitivity were associated with higher BMI. CONCLUSION These results suggest that, particularly in people with psychopathology, cognitive reactivity may contribute to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine P G Paans
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Mariska Bot
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Deborah Gibson-Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Van der Does
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Spinhoven
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Batmaz S, Kocbiyik S, Yuncu OA. Cognitive Reactivity in Depressed Outpatients: How Different is Severe Depression? JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10942-016-0249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Petito A, Altamura M, Iuso S, Padalino FA, Sessa F, D'Andrea G, Margaglione M, Bellomo A. The Relationship between Personality Traits, the 5HTT Polymorphisms, and the Occurrence of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Elite Athletes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156601. [PMID: 27257942 PMCID: PMC4892635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between personality, the serotonin transporter (5HTT) polymorphisms and the occurrence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in elite athletes. 133 healthy participants completed the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). The mood states were assessed using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire. The athlete's mental skills were assessed through the Sport Performance Psychological Inventory (IPPS-48). The occurrence of psychiatric and personality disorders was assessed using the Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders. A polymerase chain reaction was employed to identify genotypes at the 5HTTLPR polymorphism. The 5HTTLPR s/s genotype was associated with both neuroticism (p< 0.001) and tension/anxiety symptoms according to the POMS (p<0.02), cognitive anxiety and emotional arousal control according to the IPPS-48 (p<0.01). Significant correlations were proved between neuroticism and symptoms of anxiety and depression (p<0.05). Neuroticism mediates the association between the 5HTTLPR polymorphism and symptoms of cognitive anxiety and emotional arousal control (p<0.05). These results suggest a significant interaction between the 5HTTLPR polymorphism, neuroticism and sport related stress that predict adverse mental health outcomes in athletes. Identification of homogeneous groups of athletes having predispositions to anxiety and depressive symptoms may help to implement early prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Petito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mario Altamura
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Iuso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Flavia A. Padalino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Sessa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Genetics, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanna D'Andrea
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Genetics, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Margaglione
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Genetics, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Neuroticism (Stress Vulnerability): A Pilot Randomized Study. Behav Ther 2016; 47:287-98. [PMID: 27157024 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuroticism, a characteristic associated with increased stress vulnerability and the tendency to experience distress, is strongly linked to risk of different forms of psychopathology. However, there are few evidence-based interventions to target neuroticism. This pilot study investigated the efficacy and acceptability of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) compared with an online self-help intervention for individuals with high levels of neuroticism. The MBCT was modified to address psychological processes that are characteristic of neuroticism. METHOD Participants with high levels of neuroticism were randomized to MBCT (n=17) or an online self-help intervention (n=17). Self-report questionnaires were administered preintervention and again at 4weeks postintervention. RESULTS Intention-to-treat analyses found that MBCT participants had significantly lower levels of neuroticism postintervention than the control group. Compared with the control group, the MBCT group also experienced significant reductions in rumination and increases in self-compassion and decentering, of which the latter two were correlated with reductions in neuroticism within the MBCT group. Low drop-out rates, high levels of adherence to home practice, and positive feedback from MBCT participants provide indications that this intervention may be an acceptable form of treatment for individuals who are vulnerable to becoming easily stressed. CONCLUSIONS MBCT specifically modified to target neuroticism-related processes is a promising intervention for reducing neuroticism. Results support evidence suggesting neuroticism is malleable and amenable to psychological intervention. MBCT for neuroticism warrants further investigation in a larger study.
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Kim SE, Kim HN, Cho J, Kwon MJ, Chang Y, Ryu S, Shin H, Kim HL. Direct and Indirect Effects of Five Factor Personality and Gender on Depressive Symptoms Mediated by Perceived Stress. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154140. [PMID: 27120051 PMCID: PMC4847785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate associations among five factor personality traits, perceived stress, and depressive symptoms and to examine the roles of personality and perceived stress in the relationship between gender and depressive symptoms. The participants (N = 3,950) were part of a cohort study for health screening and examination at the Kangbuk Samsung Hospital. Personality was measured with the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Perceived stress level was evaluated with a self-reported stress questionnaire developed for the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A higher degree of neuroticism and lower degrees of extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were significantly associated with greater perceived stress and depressive symptoms. Neuroticism and extraversion had significant direct and indirect effects (via stress as a mediator) on depressive symptoms in both genders. Agreeableness and conscientiousness had indirect effects on depression symptoms in both genders. Multiple mediation models were used to examine the mediational roles of each personality factor and perceived stress in the link between gender and depressive symptoms. Four of the personality factors (except openness) were significant mediators, along with stress, on the relationship between gender and depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest that the links between personality factors and depressive symptoms are mediated by perceived stress. As such, personality is an important factor to consider when examining the link between gender and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song E. Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Na Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail: (HNK); (HLK)
| | - Juhee Cho
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAHIST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Min-Jung Kwon
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hocheol Shin
- Department of Family Medicine and Health Screening Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Lae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail: (HNK); (HLK)
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