1
|
Mortada WI, El-Naggar A, Mosa A, Palansooriya KN, Yousaf B, Tang R, Wang S, Cai Y, Chang SX. Biogeochemical behaviour and toxicology of chromium in the soil-water-human nexus: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 331:138804. [PMID: 37137390 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) affects human health if it accumulates in organs to elevated concentrations. The toxicity risk of Cr in the ecosphere depends upon the dominant Cr species and their bioavailability in the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. However, the soil-water-human nexus that controls the biogeochemical behaviour of Cr and its potential toxicity is not fully understood. This paper synthesizes information on different dimensions of Cr ecotoxicological hazards in the soil and water and their subsequent effects on human health. The various routes of environmental exposure of Cr to humans and other organisms are also discussed. Human exposure to Cr(VI) causes both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health effects via complicated reactions that include oxidative stress, chromosomal and DNA damage, and mutagenesis. Chromium (VI) inhalation can cause lung cancer; however, incidences of other types of cancer following Cr(VI) exposure are low but probable. The non-carcinogenic health consequences of Cr(VI) exposure are primarily respiratory and cutaneous. Research on the biogeochemical behaviour of Cr and its toxicological hazards on human and other biological routes is therefore urgently needed to develop a holistic approach to understanding the soil-water-human nexus that controls the toxicological hazards of Cr and its detoxification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wael I Mortada
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ali El-Naggar
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China; Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11241, Egypt; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - Ahmed Mosa
- Soils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | | | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Ronggui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Shengsen Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 W Huayang Rd, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yanjiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Scott X Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dessie BK, Mehari B, Gari SR, Mihret A, Desta AF, Melaku S, Alamirew T, Walsh CL, Werner D, Zeleke G. Trace Element Levels in Nails of Residents of Addis Ababa Are Shaped by Social Factors and Geography. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:577-591. [PMID: 35233714 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03181-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Akaki catchment in Ethiopia is home to Addis Ababa and about five million people. Its watercourses receive a variety of wastes released by the residents and industries. River water is being used for irrigation, livestock watering, and other domestic purposes. This study tested the hypothesis that the river pollution would be reflected in higher levels of trace elements in the nails of residents living in Akaki-Kality Sub-City in the downstream, as compared to those living in Gullele Sub-City in the upstream of the Akaki catchment. Samples were taken and subsequently analysed for metals using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The mean concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni, Cr, Pb, and As in nails from Akaki-Kality were 488 ± 49, 106 ± 10, 5.2 ± 0.3, 13 ± 1.5, 11 ± 8, 2.2 ± 0.3, 0.09 ± 0.01, and 0.16 ± 0.01 μg/g, respectively. Likewise, the concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni, Cr, Pb, and As in nails from Gullele were 1035 ± 135, 251 ± 10, 6.6 ± 0.4, 31 ± 3.7, 7.4 ± 1.7, 2.0 ± 0.3, 0.63 ± 0.01, and 0.25 ± 0.01 μg/g, respectively. Co and Cd were not detected. Contrary to the initial hypothesis, higher metal levels were found in nails of residents living in the upstream rather than the downstream area of the catchment. In particular, the concentrations of Fe (p = 0.000), Zn (p = 0.01), and Mn (p = 0.000) were significantly elevated in nails from Gullele and also high in comparison with internationally reported values. Besides, geography and social factors, especially education level, correlated to trace metals in nails. Most of the elements were significantly lower in the nails of individuals with a university degree compared to those who were illiterate or only completed primary school.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bitew K Dessie
- Water and Land Resource Centre, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- College of Natural and Computational Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Bewketu Mehari
- College of Natural and Computational Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Sirak Robele Gari
- Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Adane Mihret
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Adey F Desta
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Samuel Melaku
- Department of Chemistry, Columbus State University, 4225 University Avenue, Columbus, GA, 31907, USA
| | - Tena Alamirew
- Water and Land Resource Centre, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Claire L Walsh
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - David Werner
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Gete Zeleke
- Water and Land Resource Centre, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cancer mortality and chemical exposure in a retrospective zinc and lead smelter cohort: A 48-year follow-up. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 242:113955. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.113955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
4
|
Chappell GA, Wolf JC, Thompson CM. Crypt and Villus Transcriptomic Responses in Mouse Small Intestine Following Oral Exposure to Hexavalent Chromium. Toxicol Sci 2022; 186:43-57. [PMID: 34935971 PMCID: PMC8883354 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral exposure to hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) induces tumors in the mouse duodenum. Previous microarray-based transcriptomic analyses of homogenized mouse duodenal tissue have demonstrated Cr(VI)-induced alterations in various cellular pathways and processes. However, X-ray fluorescence microscopy indicates that chromium localizes primarily to the duodenal villi following exposure to Cr(VI), suggesting that previous transcriptomic analyses of homogenized tissue provide an incomplete picture of transcriptomic responses in the duodenum. Herein, transcriptomic analyses were conducted separately on crypt and villus tissue from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded transverse duodenal sections from the same study in which microarray-based analyses were previously conducted. A total of 28 groups (7 doses × 2 timepoints × 2 tissue compartments) were analyzed for differential gene expression, dose-response, and gene set enrichment. Tissue compartment isolation was confirmed by differences in expression of typical markers of crypt and villus compartments. Fewer than 21 genes were altered in the crypt compartment of mice exposed to 0.1-5 ppm Cr(VI) for 7 or 90 days, which increased to hundreds or thousands of genes at ≥20 ppm Cr(VI). Consistent with histological evidence for crypt proliferation, a significant, dose-dependent increase in genes that regulate mitotic cell cycle was prominent in the crypt, while subtle in the villus, when compared with samples from time-matched controls. Minimal transcriptomic evidence of DNA damage response in either the crypts or the villi is consistent with published in vivo genotoxicity data. These results are also discussed in the context of modes of action that have been proposed for Cr(VI)-induced small intestine tumors in mice.
Collapse
|
5
|
Sohrabi M, Nikkhah M, Sohrabi M, Rezaee Farimani A, Mirasgari Shahi M, Ziaie H, Shirmardi S, Kohi Z, Salehpour D, Safarnezhad Tameshkel F, Hajibaba M, Zamani F, Ajdarkosh H, Sohrabi M, Gholami A. Evaluating tissue levels of the eight trace elements and heavy metals among esophagus and gastric cancer patients: A comparison between cancerous and non-cancerous tissues. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126761. [PMID: 34139544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the affecting role of environmental factors including trace elements and heavy metals on the upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, there is paucity of empirical research in tissue evaluations. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to measure the tissue content of some trace elements and heavy metals such as zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tin (Sn), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), lead (Pb), and iron (Fe) in esophagus and gastric cancerous tissues compared to the adjacent healthy tissues. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, the aforementioned trace elements and heavy metals were evaluated among patients with esophagus and gastric cancers. During endoscopy, multiple samples were taken from cancerous lesions and the adjacent healthy tissues. The classic flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) method was employed as the study framework. RESULTS Fifty patients with the mean age of 53.92 ± 8.73 were enrolled in the current study. Thirteen patients suffered from esophageal cancer and thirty-seven patients were afflicted with gastric cancer. The results revealed significant differences in the median concentrations of Zn, Cr, Sn and, Cu (P < 0.05) between the two groups. Although there were no significant changes in the tissue content in the esophageal samples, in the median concentrations of Zn, Cr and, Sn (P < 0.05) in gastric tissues, significant differences were observed. Further, the results indicated that gender enacted an affecting role in the level of some trace elements and heavy metals. CONCLUSION The tissue contents of some elements were altered in gastric and esophageal cancers; this difference may reflect the underlying mechanism of cellular changing during the tumorigenesis or direct exposure of these elements. It seems that under the shade of other coexisting risk factors, larger cohort studies are suggested to be conducted to investigate other probable aspects in this area of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoudreza Sohrabi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Melika Sohrabi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tehran Islamic Azad University, North Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Rezaee Farimani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Ziaie
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz Shirmardi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tehran Islamic Azad University, North Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Kohi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tehran Islamic Azad University, North Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delaram Salehpour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tehran Islamic Azad University, North Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Marzieh Hajibaba
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Zamani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Ajdarkosh
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoudreza Sohrabi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tehran Islamic Azad University, North Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Gholami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran; School of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Z, Costa M. p62 functions as a signal hub in metal carcinogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:267-278. [PMID: 33894381 PMCID: PMC9161642 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A number of metals are toxic and carcinogenic to humans. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in metal carcinogenesis. Oxidative stress acts as the converging point among various stressors with ROS being the main intracellular signal transducer. In metal-transformed cells, persistent expression of p62 and erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) result in apoptosis resistance, angiogenesis, inflammatory microenvironment, and metabolic reprogramming, contributing to overall mechanism of metal carcinogenesis. Autophagy, a conserved intracellular process, maintains cellular homeostasis by facilitating the turnover of protein aggregates, cellular debris, and damaged organelles. In addition to being a substrate of autophagy, p62 is also a crucial molecule in a myriad of cellular functions and in molecular events, which include oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, cell proliferation, metabolic reprogramming, that modulate cell survival and tumor growth. The multiple functions of p62 are appreciated by its ability to interact with several key components involved in various oncogenic pathways. This review summarizes the current knowledge and progress in studies of p62 and metal carcinogenesis with emphasis on oncogenic pathways related to oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and metabolic reprogramming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Max Costa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
den Braver-Sewradj SP, van Benthem J, Staal YCM, Ezendam J, Piersma AH, Hessel EVS. Occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium. Part II. Hazard assessment of carcinogenic effects. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 126:105045. [PMID: 34506880 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.105045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) compounds have been studied extensively and several agencies have described their toxicological profile. In the past, personnel of the Dutch Ministry of Defence may have been exposed to Cr(VI) during maintenance activities on NATO equipment. To investigate if this exposure may have caused irreversible adverse health effects, the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) summarized all available knowledge from previous evaluations. This information was complemented with a scoping review to retrieve new scientific literature. All scientific evidence was evaluated in workshops with external experts to come to an overview of irreversible adverse health effects that could be caused by occupational exposure to Cr(VI) compounds. This review provides the hazard assessment for occupational exposure to Cr(VI) and carcinogenic effects by integrating and weighting evidence provided by international agencies complemented with newly published studies. It was concluded that occupational exposure to Cr(VI) can cause lung cancer, nose and nasal sinus cancer in humans. Cr(VI) is suspected to cause stomach cancer and laryngeal cancer in humans. It is currently insufficiently clear if Cr(VI) can cause cancer of the small intestine, oral cavity, pancreas, prostate or bladder in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan van Benthem
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne C M Staal
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Janine Ezendam
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Aldert H Piersma
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen V S Hessel
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Addala A, Boudiaf M, Elektorowicz M, Bentouhami E, Bengeurba Y. Amberlite IRC-718 ion chelating resin extraction of hazardous metal Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions: equilibrium and theoretical modeling. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 84:1206-1216. [PMID: 34534117 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Under varied conditions, the IRC 718 ion-exchange resin is used to extract chromium (VI) ions from aqueous solutions. On chromium (VI) removal effectiveness, the effects of adsorption dosage, contact time, beginning metal concentration, and pH were examined. The batch ion exchange process reached equilibrium after around 90 minutes of interaction. With an initial chromium (VI) concentration of 0.5 mg/dm3, the pH-dependent ion-exchange mechanism revealed maximal removal in the pH 2.0-10 range. The adsorption mechanism occurs between Cr (VI) determined as the electron acceptor, and IRC 718 determined as the electron donor. The equilibrium ion-exchange potential and ion transfer quantities for Amberlite IRC 718 were calculated using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The overall ion exchange capacity of the resin was determined to be 187.72 mg of chromium (VI)/g of resin at an ideal pH of 6.0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhamid Addala
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Molecular Engineering and Nanostructures, Department of Process Engineering, Ferhat Abbas University, Setif 1, Setif 19000, Algeria; Skikda University, 20 Août 1955, Skikda 21000, Algeria
| | - Moussa Boudiaf
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Molecular Engineering and Nanostructures, Department of Process Engineering, Ferhat Abbas University, Setif 1, Setif 19000, Algeria; HammaLakhdar El Oued University, El Oued 39000, Algeria
| | - Maria Elektorowicz
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Embarek Bentouhami
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Molecular Engineering and Nanostructures, Department of Process Engineering, Ferhat Abbas University, Setif 1, Setif 19000, Algeria
| | - Yacine Bengeurba
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères Multiphasiques, LMPMP, Université Ferhat ABBAS Sétif-1, Sétif 19000, Algeria E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kiani B, Hashemi Amin F, Bagheri N, Bergquist R, Mohammadi AA, Yousefi M, Faraji H, Roshandel G, Beirami S, Rahimzadeh H, Hoseini B. Association between heavy metals and colon cancer: an ecological study based on geographical information systems in North-Eastern Iran. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:414. [PMID: 33858386 PMCID: PMC8048218 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer has increased in Middle Eastern countries and exposure to environmental pollutants such as heavy metals has been implicated. However, data linking them to this disease are generally lacking. This study aimed to explore the spatial pattern of age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) of colon cancer and its potential association with the exposure level of the amount of heavy metals existing in rice produced in north-eastern Iran. Methods Cancer data were drawn from the Iranian population-based cancer registry of Golestan Province, north-eastern Iran. Samples of 69 rice milling factories were analysed for the concentration levels of cadmium, nickel, cobalt, copper, selenium, lead and zinc. The inverse distance weighting (IDW) algorithm was used to interpolate the concentration of this kind of heavy metals on the surface of the study area. Exploratory regression analysis was conducted to build ordinary least squares (OLS) models including every possible combination of the candidate explanatory variables and chose the most useful ones to show the association between heavy metals and the ASR of colon cancer. Results The highest concentrations of heavy metals were found in the central part of the province and particularly counties with higher amount of cobalt were shown to be associated with higher ASR of men with colon cancer. In contrast, selenium concentrations were higher in areas with lower ASR of colon cancer in men. A significant regression equation for men with colon cancer was found (F(4,137) = 38.304, P < .000) with an adjusted R2 of 0.77. The predicted ASR of men colon cancer was − 58.36 with the coefficients for cobalt = 120.33; cadmium = 80.60; selenium = − 6.07; nickel = − 3.09; and zinc = − 0.41. The association of copper and lead with colon cancer in men was not significant. We did not find a significant outcome for colon cancer in women. Conclusion Increased amounts of heavy metals in consumed rice may impact colon cancer incidence, both positively and negatively. While there were indications of an association between high cobalt concentrations and an increased risk for colon cancer, we found that high selenium concentrations might instead decrease the risk. Further investigations are needed to clarify if there are ecological or other reasons for these discrepancies. Regular monitoring of the amount of heavy metals in consumed rice is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Kiani
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hashemi Amin
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nasser Bagheri
- Visualization and Decision Analytics (VIDEA) lab, Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Robert Bergquist
- Ingerod, Brastad, Sweden (formerly with the UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ali Akbar Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mahmood Yousefi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Faraji
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Roshandel
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Beirami
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Environmental Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hadi Rahimzadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Environmental Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Benyamin Hoseini
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Health Information Technology, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Arroyave WD, Mehta SS, Guha N, Schwingl P, Taylor KW, Glenn B, Radke EG, Vilahur N, Carreón T, Nachman RM, Lunn RM. Challenges and recommendations on the conduct of systematic reviews of observational epidemiologic studies in environmental and occupational health. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2021; 31:21-30. [PMID: 32415298 PMCID: PMC7666644 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-020-0228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Systematic reviews are powerful tools for drawing causal inference for evidence-based decision-making. Published systematic reviews and meta-analyses of environmental and occupational epidemiology studies have increased dramatically in recent years; however, the quality and utility of published reviews are variable. Most methodologies were adapted from clinical epidemiology and have not been adequately modified to evaluate and integrate evidence from observational epidemiology studies assessing environmental and occupational hazards, especially in evaluating the quality of exposure assessments. Although many reviews conduct a systematic and transparent assessment for the potential for bias, they are often deficient in subsequently integrating across a body of evidence. A cohesive review considers the impact of the direction and magnitude of potential biases on the results, systematically evaluates important scientific issues such as study sensitivity and effect modifiers, identifies how different studies complement each other, and assesses other potential sources of heterogeneity. Given these challenges of conducting informative systematic reviews of observational studies, we provide a series of specific recommendations based on practical examples for cohesive evidence integration to reach an overall conclusion on a body of evidence to better support policy making in public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Suril S Mehta
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Neela Guha
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Pam Schwingl
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Morrisville, NC, USA
| | - Kyla W Taylor
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Barbara Glenn
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Radke
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nadia Vilahur
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Tania Carreón
- World Trade Center Health Program, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca M Nachman
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ruth M Lunn
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bibi K, Shah MH. Appraisal of Metal Imbalances in the Blood of Thyroid Cancer Patients in Comparison with Healthy Subjects. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 198:410-422. [PMID: 32144717 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02088-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer incidence and mortality rates have been increasing rapidly worldwide. A growing body of evidence revealed that exposure to trace metals is the most important aetiology for development of the cancer. Therefore, present study was intended to evaluate the imbalances in the concentrations of selected metals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Sr, Li, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Mn, Ag, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb) in the blood of newly diagnosed thyroid cancer patients in comparison with counterpart healthy subjects/controls. Concentrations of the metals were quantified by flame atomic absorption spectrometry by employing nitric acid/perchloric acid-based wet digestion method. Average concentrations of Pb (774.6 μg/dL), Cr (757.9 μg/dL), Cd (472.5 μg/dL) and Ni (360.5 μg/dL) were found to be significantly higher in the blood of cancer patients than controls. Correlation study and multivariate analysis showed strong mutual relationships among Fe-Cd-Ca-Mg-Pb, Co-Sr-Zn, Li-Ag-Na-K and Cu-Ni in the blood of thyroid cancer patients while Na-K-Fe-Co-Pb, Zn-Sr-Cr, Ca-Mg and Li-Ag-Cu-Ni exhibited strong mutual associations in the blood of healthy donors. Significant variations in the trace metal levels were observed with the age, gender, habitat, food habits and smoking habits of both donor groups. Metal levels also exhibited considerable disparities with the stages and types of thyroid cancer. Multivariate analysis of the metal data revealed significantly divergent apportionment of the metals in the blood of cancer patients compared with the healthy group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalsoom Bibi
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Munir H Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dessie BK, Melaku S, Robele Gari S, Ayele BT, Desta AF, Mihret A. Evaluation of toxic elements in nails of tannery workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
13
|
Zierold KM, Odoh C. A review on fly ash from coal-fired power plants: chemical composition, regulations, and health evidence. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2020; 35:401-418. [PMID: 32324165 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2019-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the world, coal is responsible for generating approximately 38% of power. Coal ash, a waste product, generated from the combustion of coal, consists of fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag, and flue gas desulfurization material. Fly ash, which is the main component of coal ash, is composed of spherical particulate matter with diameters that range from 0.1 μm to >100 μm. Fly ash is predominately composed of silica, aluminum, iron, calcium, and oxygen, but the particles may also contain heavy metals such as arsenic and lead at trace levels. Most nations throughout the world do not consider fly ash a hazardous waste and therefore regulations on its disposal and storage are lacking. Fly ash that is not beneficially reused in products such as concrete is stored in landfills and surface impoundments. Fugitive dust emissions and leaching of metals into groundwater from landfills and surface impoundments may put people at risk for exposure. There are limited epidemiological studies regarding the health effects of fly ash exposure. In this article, the authors provide an overview of fly ash, its chemical composition, the regulations from nations generating the greatest amount of fly ash, and epidemiological evidence regarding the health impacts associated with exposure to fly ash.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Zierold
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chisom Odoh
- Rehabilitation and Health Services, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bhat VS, Cohen SM, Gordon EB, Wood CE, Cullen JM, Harris MA, Proctor DM, Thompson CM. An adverse outcome pathway for small intestinal tumors in mice involving chronic cytotoxicity and regenerative hyperplasia: a case study with hexavalent chromium, captan, and folpet. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 50:685-706. [PMID: 33146058 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1823934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Small intestinal (SI) tumors are relatively uncommon outcomes in rodent cancer bioassays, and limited information regarding chemical-induced SI tumorigenesis has been reported in the published literature. Herein, we propose a cytotoxicity-mediated adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for SI tumors by leveraging extensive target species- and site-specific molecular, cellular, and histological mode of action (MOA) research for three reference chemicals, the fungicides captan and folpet and the transition metal hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). The gut barrier functions through highly efficient homeostatic regulation of SI epithelial cell sloughing, regenerative proliferation, and repair, which involves the replacement of up to 1011 cells per day. This dynamic turnover in the SI provides a unique local environment for a cytotoxicity mediated AOP/MOA. Upon entering the duodenum, cytotoxicity to the villous epithelium is the molecular initiating event, as indicated by crypt elongation, villous atrophy/blunting, and other morphologic changes. Over time, the regenerative capacity of the gut epithelium to compensate declines as epithelial loss accelerates, especially at higher exposures. The first key event (KE), sustained regenerative crypt proliferation/hyperplasia, requires sufficient durations, likely exceeding 6 or 12 months, due to extensive repair capacity, to create more opportunities for the second KE, spontaneous mutation/transformation, ultimately leading to proximal SI tumors. Per OECD guidance, biological plausibility, essentiality, and empirical support were assessed using modified Bradford Hill considerations. The weight-of-evidence also included a lack of induced mutations in the duodenum after up to 90 days of Cr(VI) or captan exposure. The extensive evidence for this AOP, along with the knowledge that human exposures are orders of magnitude below those associated with KEs in this AOP, supports its use for regulatory applications, including hazard identification and risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- Havlik-Wall Professor of Oncology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Charles E Wood
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - John M Cullen
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,EPL, Inc., Sterling, VA, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
García-Pérez J, Fernández de Larrea-Baz N, Lope V, Molina AJ, O'Callaghan-Gordo C, Alonso MH, Rodríguez-Suárez MM, Mirón-Pozo B, Alguacil J, Gómez-Acebo I, Ascunce N, Vanaclocha-Espi M, Amiano P, Chirlaque MD, Simó V, Jiménez-Moleón JJ, Tardón A, Moreno V, Castaño-Vinyals G, Martín V, Aragonés N, Pérez-Gómez B, Kogevinas M, Pollán M. Residential proximity to industrial pollution sources and colorectal cancer risk: A multicase-control study (MCC-Spain). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 144:106055. [PMID: 32827807 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the third most frequent tumor in males and the second in females worldwide. In Spain, it is an important and growing health problem, and epidemiologic research focused on potential risk factors, such as environmental exposures, is necessary. OBJECTIVES To analyze the association between colorectal cancer risk and residential proximity to industries, according to pollution discharge route, industrial groups, categories of carcinogens and other toxic substances, and specific pollutants released, in the context of a population-based multicase-control study of incident cancer carried out in Spain (MCC-Spain). METHODS MCC-Spain included 557 colorectal cancer cases and 2948 controls in 11 provinces, frequency matched by sex, age, and region of residence. Distances were computed from subjects' residences to each of the 134 industries located in the study area. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for categories of distance (from 1 km to 3 km) to industrial facilities, adjusting for matching variables and other confounders. RESULTS Excess risk (OR; 95%CI) of colorectal cancer was detected near industries overall for all distances analyzed, from 1 km (2.03; 1.44-2.87) to 3 km (1.26; 1.00-1.59). In general, industries releasing pollutants to air showed higher excess risks than facilities releasing pollution to water. By industrial sector, excess risk (OR; 95%CI) was found near (≤3 km) production of metals (2.66; 1.77-4.00), surface treatment of metals (1.48; 1.08-2.02), glass and mineral fibers (2.06; 1.39-3.07), organic chemical industry (4.80; 3.20-7.20), inorganic chemical industry (6.74; 4.38-10.36), food/beverage sector (3.34; 2.38-4.68), and surface treatment using organic solvents (6.16; 4.06-9.36). By pollutants, the main excess risks (OR; 95%CI) were found near (≤3 km) industries releasing nonylphenol (9.19; 5.91-14.28), antimony (5.30; 3.45-8.15), naphthalene (3.11; 2.16-4.49), organotin compounds (2.64; 1.76-3.98), manganese (2.53; 1.63-3.93), dichloromethane (2.52; 1.74-3.66), and vanadium (2.49; 1.59-3.91). CONCLUSIONS Our results support the hypothesis that residing in the proximity of industries may be a risk factor for colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier García-Pérez
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Av. de Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nerea Fernández de Larrea-Baz
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Av. de Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Virginia Lope
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Av. de Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio J Molina
- The Research Group in Gene - Environment and Health Interactions (GIIGAS)/Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, Campus Universitario de Vegazana, 24071 León, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de León, Campus Universitario de Vegazana, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Cristina O'Callaghan-Gordo
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Av. de Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Rambla de Poblenou 156, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Carrer del Rosselló 132, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Campus del Mar, Carrer del Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María Henar Alonso
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Av. de Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Avinguda de la Gran Via de l'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Avinguda de la Gran Via de l'Hospitalet 199, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Carrer de Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marta María Rodríguez-Suárez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Av. Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain; Public Health Department, Universidad de Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Benito Mirón-Pozo
- Service of Surgery, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, Av. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Juan Alguacil
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Av. de Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Salud y Medio Ambiente (RENSMA), Universidad de Huelva, Campus Universitario de El Carmen, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
| | - Inés Gómez-Acebo
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Av. de Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Cantabria - IDIVAL, Avenida Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - Nieves Ascunce
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Av. de Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Navarra Public Health Institute, Calle Leyre, 15, 31003 Pamplona, Navarra; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Calle Leyre 15, 31003 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Vanaclocha-Espi
- Cancer and Public Health Area, FISABIO - Public Health, Avda. de Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Av. de Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Paseo Dr. Beguiristain s/n, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - María Dolores Chirlaque
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Av. de Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia University, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Carretera Buenavista s/n, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Vicente Simó
- Department of General Surgery, León University Hospital (CAULE), Altos de Nava s/n, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - José J Jiménez-Moleón
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Av. de Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Av. de la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Doctor Azpitarte 4 4ª Planta, Edificio Licinio de la Fuente, 18012 Granada, Spain.
| | - Adonina Tardón
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Av. de Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Facultad de Medicina, Campus de El Cristo B, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Víctor Moreno
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Av. de Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Avinguda de la Gran Via de l'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Avinguda de la Gran Via de l'Hospitalet 199, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Carrer de Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Av. de Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Carrer del Rosselló 132, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Campus del Mar, Carrer del Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Carrer del Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Vicente Martín
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Av. de Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; The Research Group in Gene - Environment and Health Interactions (GIIGAS)/Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, Campus Universitario de Vegazana, 24071 León, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de León, Campus Universitario de Vegazana, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Nuria Aragonés
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Av. de Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology Section, Public Health Division, Department of Health of Madrid, C/San Martín de Porres, 6, 28035 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Av. de Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Av. de Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Carrer del Rosselló 132, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Campus del Mar, Carrer del Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Carrer del Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marina Pollán
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Av. de Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Schipani G, Del Duca E, Todaro G, Scali E, Dastoli S, Bennardo L, Bonacci S, DI Raimondo C, Pavel AB, Colica C, Xu X, Procopio A, Patruno C, Nisticò SP. Arsenic and chromium levels in hair correlate with actinic keratosis/non-melanoma skin cancer: results of an observational controlled study. Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2020; 156:703-708. [PMID: 32938163 DOI: 10.23736/s2784-8671.20.06600-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of heavy metals in carcinogenetic process has been widely established; however, information on the most common environmental metals that serve as major risk factors for actinic keratosis (AK)/non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) are still lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate levels of the most common environmental heavy metals in hair of patients with AK/NMSC as compared to healthy controls. METHODS Thirty-one patients diagnosed with AK/NMSC and 34 healthy controls were enrolled. Patients were interviewed for heavy metals exposure and underwent hair analysis for detection of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb). Continuous variables were analyzed using Wilcoxon Non-Parametric Rank Test and proportions were compared by Fisher's Exact Test. Statistical significance was determined by P<0.05. RESULTS In our cohort we observed 48.4% patients had AKs, 16.1% basal cell carcinoma (BCC), 9.7% squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 25.9% of patients presented with a combination of these lesions. There were significantly elevated levels of As and Cr in AK-NMSC group as compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS We identified a strong positive correlation between As and Cr concentration and AK/NMSC adding new clues to the scenery of NMSC risk factors that should be taken under consideration in exposed populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Schipani
- Department of Health Sciences, The Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ester Del Duca
- Department of Health Sciences, The Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giuseppe Todaro
- Department of Health Sciences, The Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Scali
- Department of Health Sciences, The Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Dastoli
- Department of Health Sciences, The Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luigi Bennardo
- Department of Health Sciences, The Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy -
| | - Sonia Bonacci
- Department of Health Sciences, The Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Ana B Pavel
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carmela Colica
- CNR, IBFM UOS of Germaneto, The Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Xu Xu
- Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China
| | - Antonio Procopio
- Department of Health Sciences, The Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cataldo Patruno
- Department of Health Sciences, The Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Steven P Nisticò
- Department of Health Sciences, The Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Afzal A, Qayyum MA, Shah MH. Study of Trace Metal Imbalances in the Scalp Hair of Stomach Cancer Patients with Different Types and Stages. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 196:365-374. [PMID: 31659649 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01926-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stomach cancer is among the most common forms of cancers, and diet and environmental factors play important roles in its malignancy. This study was conducted to evaluate the trace metal contents in the scalp hair of stomach cancer patients and healthy donors to investigate probable relationship between metal imbalances and cancer. The samples were digested in HNO3-HClO4 mixture and the metals were quantified by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Median level of Cr was found to be significantly higher in the patients than in the controls, while median levels of Fe, Mn and Cd were considerably reduced. The correlation pattern of metals in the patients manifested significantly divergent mutual relationships compared with the controls. Multivariate analyses showed appreciably diverse apportionment of the metals in the patients and healthy donors. Variations in the metal levels were also observed for various types (adenocarcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumour) as well as stages (I, II, III and IV) of stomach cancer patients. Most of the metals revealed noticeable disparities in their levels based on gender, habitat, dietary habit and smoking habit of patients and controls. Accordingly, the essential/toxic metals exhibited significant imbalance due to pathogenesis of stomach among the patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annum Afzal
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdul Qayyum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Munir H Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nafti M, Hannachi C, Hsaini J, Hamrouni B, Nouaïgui H. An economic and sensitive method for extracting chromium speciation in airborne inhalable dust, using a green sample treatment coupled with electrothermal atomic absorption. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1653918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Nafti
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, UR11ES17 Desalination and Water Treatment, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Tunisian Occupational Safety & Health Institute, Occupational Health and Working Environment, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chiraz Hannachi
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, UR11ES17 Desalination and Water Treatment, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jaber Hsaini
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, UR11ES17 Desalination and Water Treatment, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Béchir Hamrouni
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, UR11ES17 Desalination and Water Treatment, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Habib Nouaïgui
- Tunisian Occupational Safety & Health Institute, Occupational Health and Working Environment, Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Suh M, Wikoff D, Lipworth L, Goodman M, Fitch S, Mittal L, Ring C, Proctor D. Hexavalent chromium and stomach cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Toxicol 2019; 49:140-159. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2019.1578730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Suh
- ToxStrategies, Inc, Mission Viejo, CA, USA
| | | | - Loren Lipworth
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Goodman
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Deng Y, Wang M, Tian T, Lin S, Xu P, Zhou L, Dai C, Hao Q, Wu Y, Zhai Z, Zhu Y, Zhuang G, Dai Z. The Effect of Hexavalent Chromium on the Incidence and Mortality of Human Cancers: A Meta-Analysis Based on Published Epidemiological Cohort Studies. Front Oncol 2019; 9:24. [PMID: 30778374 PMCID: PMC6369173 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is an occupational carcinogen that can cause lung and nasal cancers, but its association with mortality and incidence in many other cancers is unclear. Objectives: In this meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between exposure to Cr(VI) and the mortality and incidence of human cancers. Methods: We performed a search of the literature and extracted the standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), to estimate risk values. Subgroup analyses were conducted by sex, occupation, and types of cancer to identify groups that were at high-risk or predisposed to certain cancers. Results: A total of 47 cohort studies covering the period 1985–2016 were included (37 studies reporting SMRs and 16 studies reporting SIRs). The summary SMR for all studies combined was 1.07 (95% CI: 1.01–1.15). Summary SMRs were higher among chromate production workers, chrome platers, and masons, and especially male workers. In the subgroup analysis, Cr(VI) exposure was related to a higher risk of death owing to lung, larynx, bladder, kidney, testicular, bone, and thyroid cancer. The meta-SIR of all studies combined was 1.06 (95% CI: 1.04–1.09). Summary SIRs were elevated among cement industry workers and tanners. Cr(VI) exposure was related to an elevated risk of respiratory system, buccal cavity, pharynx, prostate, and stomach cancers. Conclusions: Cr(VI) might cause cancers of the respiratory system, buccal cavity and pharynx, prostate, and stomach in humans, and it is related to increased risk of overall mortality owing to lung, larynx, bladder, kidney, testicular, bone, and thyroid cancer. In addition, there was a strong association between incidence and mortality risk of cancers and concentration of Cr(VI) in the air and the exposure time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Deng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linghui Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Hao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihua Zhuang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Samavarchi Tehrani S, Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini H, Yousefi T, Abolghasemi M, Qujeq D, Maniati M, Amani J. The crosstalk between trace elements with DNA damage response, repair, and oxidative stress in cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1080-1105. [PMID: 30378148 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) is a regulatory system responsible for maintaining genome integrity and stability, which can sense and transduce DNA damage signals. The severity of damage appears to determine DDRs, which can include damage repair, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Furthermore, defective components in DNA damage and repair machinery are an underlying cause for the development and progression of various types of cancers. Increasing evidence indicates that there is an association between trace elements and DDR/repair mechanisms. In fact, trace elements seem to affect mediators of DDR. Besides, it has been revealed that oxidative stress (OS) and trace elements are associated with cancer development. In this review, we discuss the role of some critical trace elements in the risk of cancer. In addition, we provide a brief introduction on DDR and OS in cancer. Finally, we will further review the interactions between some important trace elements including selenium, zinc, chromium, cadmium, and arsenic, and DDR, and OS in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tooba Yousefi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Abolghasemi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahmood Maniati
- English Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sciannameo V, Ricceri F, Soldati S, Scarnato C, Gerosa A, Giacomozzi G, d'Errico A. Cancer mortality and exposure to nickel and chromium compounds in a cohort of Italian electroplaters. Am J Ind Med 2019; 62:99-110. [PMID: 30615207 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nickel and chromium-VI compounds are carcinogens for lung cancer, although it is still debated if there is an increased risk at low levels of exposure and for other cancers. METHODS In a cohort of 2991 Italian electroplaters, a proportion of whom were exposed to low levels of nickel and/or chromium, cumulative exposure to their compounds was obtained by multiplying average concentrations of the metals in each electroplating tank by duration of employment in the company. The association of exposure to compounds with mortality was assessed by multivariable Cox models. RESULTS No cancer site was associated with chromium exposure controlling for nickel, whereas exposure to nickel significantly increased mortality from lung, rectal, and kidney cancers, even after adjusting for exposure to chromium. CONCLUSIONS Study results suggest that exposure to nickel compounds may increase the risk of lung cancer even below its occupational exposure limit and indicate possible associations with other cancer sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Sciannameo
- Unit of Epidemiology; Regional Health Service ASL TO3; Grugliasco (Turin) Italy
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Unit of Epidemiology; Regional Health Service ASL TO3; Grugliasco (Turin) Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences; University of Turin; Orbassano (Turin) Italy
| | - Simona Soldati
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health; Regional Environmental Protection Agency (ARPA Piemonte); Turin Italy
| | - Corrado Scarnato
- Department of Public Health, Prevention and Security Area Work Environments; Local Health Authority; Bologna Italy
| | - Alberto Gerosa
- Department of Public Health, Prevention and Security Area Work Environments; Local Health Authority; Bologna Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giacomozzi
- Department of Public Health, Prevention and Security Area Work Environments; Local Health Authority; Bologna Italy
| | - Angelo d'Errico
- Unit of Epidemiology; Regional Health Service ASL TO3; Grugliasco (Turin) Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mangiameli MF, Bellú S, Pérez Mora B, Sala L, Mamana N. Quinic acid and hypervalent chromium: a spectroscopic and kinetic study. RSC Adv 2018; 8:29356-29367. [PMID: 35547999 PMCID: PMC9084479 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03809k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The redox reaction between an excess of quinic acid (QA) and CrVI involves the formation of intermediates, namely, CrIV and CrV species, which in turn react with the organic substrates. As observed with other substrates that have already been studied, CrIV does not accumulate during this reaction because of the rate of the reaction. Its rate of disappearance is several times higher than that of the reaction of CrVI or CrV with QA. Kinetic studies indicate that the redox reaction proceeds via a combined mechanism that involves the pathways CrVI → CrIV → CrII and CrVI → CrIV → CrIII, which is supported by the observation of superoxo-CrIII (CrO2 2+) ions, free radicals, and oxo-CrV species as intermediates and the detection of CrVI ester species. The present study reports the complete rate laws for the QA/chromium redox reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Mangiameli
- Área Química General e Inorgánica, Departamento de Química-Física, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Suipacha 531 S2002LRK Rosario Santa Fe Argentina +54 341 4350214
- Instituto de Química de Rosario-CONICET Suipacha 570 S2002LRK Rosario Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Sebastián Bellú
- Área Química General e Inorgánica, Departamento de Química-Física, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Suipacha 531 S2002LRK Rosario Santa Fe Argentina +54 341 4350214
- Instituto de Química de Rosario-CONICET Suipacha 570 S2002LRK Rosario Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Bárbara Pérez Mora
- Área Química General e Inorgánica, Departamento de Química-Física, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Suipacha 531 S2002LRK Rosario Santa Fe Argentina +54 341 4350214
- Instituto de Química de Rosario-CONICET Suipacha 570 S2002LRK Rosario Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Luis Sala
- Área Química General e Inorgánica, Departamento de Química-Física, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Suipacha 531 S2002LRK Rosario Santa Fe Argentina +54 341 4350214
| | - Nadia Mamana
- Área Química General e Inorgánica, Departamento de Química-Física, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Suipacha 531 S2002LRK Rosario Santa Fe Argentina +54 341 4350214
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Torrico RF, Harb SV, Trentin A, Uvida MC, Pulcinelli SH, Santilli CV, Hammer P. Structure and properties of epoxy-siloxane-silica nanocomposite coatings for corrosion protection. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 513:617-628. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
25
|
Pan CH, Jeng HA, Lai CH. Biomarkers of oxidative stress in electroplating workers exposed to hexavalent chromium. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2018; 28:76-83. [PMID: 28120834 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2016.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates levels of biomarkers of oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in 105 male workers at 16 electroplating companies who had been exposed to hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). The study participants were 230 non-smoking male workers, comprising 105 electroplating workers who had been exposed to chromium and 125 control subjects who performed office tasks. Personal air samples, spot urine samples, hair samples, fingernail samples and questionnaires were used to quantify exposure to Cr(VI), oxidative DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and environmental pollutants. Both the geometric mean personal concentrations of Cr(VI) of the Cr-exposed workers and the total Cr concentrations in the air to which they were exposed significantly exceeded those for the control subjects. The geometric mean concentrations of Cr in urine, hair and fingernails, and the urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the Cr(VI) exposed workers exceeded those in the control subjects. Daily cumulative Cr(VI) exposure and urinary Cr were significantly correlated with urinary 8-OHdG levels following adjustments for covariates. A ten-fold increase in urinary Cr level was associated with a 1.73-fold increase in urinary 8-OHdG level. Daily cumulative Cr(VI) exposure and urinary Cr level were significantly correlated with urinary MDA level following adjustments for covariates. A ten-fold increase in urinary Cr was associated with a 1.45-fold increase in urinary MDA. Exposure to Cr(VI) increased oxidative DNA injury and the oxidative deterioration of lipids in electroplating workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hong Pan
- Institute of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Labor, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hueiwang Anna Jeng
- School of Community and Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Ching-Huang Lai
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
El-Zaemey S, Anand TN, Heyworth JS, Boyle T, van Tongeren M, Fritschi L. Case–control study to assess the association between colorectal cancer and selected occupational agents using INTEROCC job exposure matrix. Occup Environ Med 2017; 75:290-295. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2017-104795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundColorectal cancer is the third most prevalent cancer in the world and is twice as common in developed countries when compared with low-income and middle-income countries. Few occupational risk factors for colorectal cancer have been identified. This case–control study aimed to assess the association between colorectal cancer and occupational exposure to selected solvents, combustion products, metals, dusts and other agents.MethodsCases (n=918) were enrolled from the Western Australian Cancer Registry from June 2005 to August 2007. Controls (n=1021) were randomly selected from the Western Australian electoral roll. We collected lifetime occupational history from cases and controls, in addition to their demographic and lifestyle characteristics. We applied the INTEROCC job exposure matrix to convert the occupational history to occupational exposure for 18 selected agents. Three exposure indices were developed: (1) exposed versus non-exposed; (2) lifetime cumulative exposure; and (3) total duration of exposure. The associations between colorectal cancer and the selected agents were estimated using logistic regression models adjusting for sex and age.ResultsNone of the 18 selected agents showed an association with colorectal cancer. No dose–response relationships with lifetime cumulative exposure or duration of exposure were observed.ConclusionThere was no evidence to suggest that occupational exposure to 18 selected agents increased the risk of colorectal cancer.
Collapse
|
27
|
Hashemian M, Murphy G, Etemadi A, Poustchi H, Brockman JD, Kamangar F, Pourshams A, Khoshnia M, Gharavi A, Dawsey SM, Brennan PJ, Boffetta P, Hekmatdoost A, Malekzadeh R, Abnet CC. Toenail mineral concentration and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, results from the Golestan Cohort Study. Cancer Med 2017; 6:3052-3059. [PMID: 29125237 PMCID: PMC5727321 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies conducted in China linked selenium deficiency to higher risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but this has not been widely tested outside that selenium-deficient region. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between selenium and other mineral concentrations in toenails and risk of ESCC in a region with high incidence rates. In this nested case-control study, we identified 222 cases of ESCC from the Golestan Cohort Study, Iran, which has followed up 50,045 participants since enrollment (2004-2008). We randomly selected one control for each case matched by age and sex, using incidence density sampling. We used toenail samples collected at baseline to measure the concentration of selenium, zinc, chromium, mercury, and scandium using instrumental neutron activation analysis. Multivariate adjusted logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals. Median nail selenium, zinc, chromium, and mercury levels were 1.01, 74.59, 0.77, and 0.018 μg/g in cases and 1.02, 75.71, 0.71, and 0.023 μg/g in controls, respectively. The adjusted odds ratios comparing each fourth quartile of mineral status versus the first quartile were as follows: selenium = 0.78 (95% CI, 0.41-1.49); zinc=0.80 (95% CI, 0.42-1.53); chromium = 0.91 (95% CI, 0.46-1.80); and mercury=0.61 (95% CI, 0.27-1.38), and all trend tests were non-significant. The nail selenium concentration in our controls reflects relatively high selenium status. No evidence of association between selenium or chromium concentrations in toenails and the risk of ESCC was detected in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hashemian
- Digestive Oncology Research CenterDigestive Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Metabolic Epidemiology BranchDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMaryland
- Departments of Nutrition and BiochemistryFaculty of MedicineSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
| | - Gwen Murphy
- Metabolic Epidemiology BranchDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMaryland
| | - Arash Etemadi
- Digestive Oncology Research CenterDigestive Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Metabolic Epidemiology BranchDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMaryland
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Digestive Oncology Research CenterDigestive Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research CenterDigestive Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - John D. Brockman
- Research Reactor CentreUniversity of Missouri‐ColumbiaColumbiaMissouri
| | - Farin Kamangar
- Digestive Disease Research CenterDigestive Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- School of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural SciencesMorgan State UniversityMorgan State UniversityBaltimoreMaryland
| | - Akram Pourshams
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research CenterDigestive Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Masoud Khoshnia
- Digestive Disease Research CenterDigestive Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Abdolsamad Gharavi
- Digestive Disease Research CenterDigestive Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Sanford M. Dawsey
- Metabolic Epidemiology BranchDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMaryland
| | | | - Paolo. Boffetta
- Tisch Cancer InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew York
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Departments of Clinical Nutrition and DieteticsFaculty of Nutrition and Food TechnologyNational Nutrition and Food Technology Research InstituteShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research CenterDigestive Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Digestive Disease Research CenterDigestive Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Christian C. Abnet
- Metabolic Epidemiology BranchDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMaryland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Junaid M, Hashmi MZ, Tang YM, Malik RN, Pei DS. Potential health risk of heavy metals in the leather manufacturing industries in Sialkot, Pakistan. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8848. [PMID: 28821790 PMCID: PMC5562736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a systematical report on the potential health risk of heavy metals from the leather industries in Pakistan based on multiple biological matrices of the exposed workers and indoor dust samples. The adverse impacts of heavy metals on the oxidative enzyme and their risks to workers' health were also explored. Our results indicated that the level of Cr in indoor industrial dust was more than twice, compared to the background household dust. Blood, urine and hair samples of exposed workers showed significantly high concentrations of heavy metals, compared to those in the control group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) level in the blood samples expressed significant positive correlation with Cr and Ni. Total hazard quotients (HQs)/hazard index (HI) were >1, and Cr (VI) exhibited higher cancer risks than that of Cd in the exposed workers. In addition, the PCA-MLR analysis confirmed that the industrial sections; cutting, shivering/crusting, and stitching were the principal contributors of heavy metals in the biological entities of the workers. Taken together, our results highlighted the occupationally exposed groups would likely to experience the potential health risks due to excessive exposure to the heavy metals from the leather industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China.,Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | | | - Yu-Mei Tang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Junaid M, Hashmi MZ, Malik RN, Pei DS. Toxicity and oxidative stress induced by chromium in workers exposed from different occupational settings around the globe: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:20151-20167. [PMID: 27562808 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The present review focused on the levels and toxicological status of heavy metals especially chromium (Cr) in the exposed workers from different occupational settings around the globe and in Pakistan. It was found that exposed workers from leather tanning and metal plating units showed elevated levels of Cr than the workers from other occupational settings. Cr and other heavy metals level in biological matrices of the exposed workers in different occupational settings revealed that developing countries are severely contaminated. Occupational settings from the Sialkot district, Pakistan exhibited elevated level of Cr in biological entities of the exposed workers. Review suggested that higher level of Cr exposure to the workers enhance the oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydroxyl (OH) radical generation) which may cause; cellular and molecular damage such as genotoxicity and chromosomal aberration formations, and carcinogenic effects. This review will help to understand the Cr contamination mechanisms and associated health implications in different occupational settings around the globe in general and particularly to Pakistan. This study will also assist occupational health and safety management authorities to devise or change the Cr recommended exposure limits (REL) for different occupational settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Lab, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi
- Department of Meteorology, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Lab, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
De Flora S, Camoirano A, Micale RT, La Maestra S, Savarino V, Zentilin P, Marabotto E, Suh M, Proctor DM. Reduction of hexavalent chromium by fasted and fed human gastric fluid. I. Chemical reduction and mitigation of mutagenicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 306:113-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
31
|
Deng ZL, Liang MN, Li HH, Zhu ZJ. Advances in preparation of modified activated carbon and its applications in the removal of chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/39/1/012065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
|
32
|
Hashemian M, Poustchi H, Pourshams A, Khoshnia M, Brockman JD, Hekmatdoost A, Abnet CC, Malekzadeh R. The Nail as a Biomonitor of Trace Element Status in Golestan Cohort Study. Middle East J Dig Dis 2016; 8:19-23. [PMID: 26933477 PMCID: PMC4773078 DOI: 10.15171/mejdd.2016.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
In the Golestan Cohort Study that was launched to investigate the causes of esophageal cancer, a complete biospecimen bank was established for storage of collected blood, urine, hair, and nail samples. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of nail samples as a biomarker of selected trace elements status.
METHODS
Thirty toenail samples were selected randomly from the participants of Golestan Cohort Study (GCS). The samples were cleaned and analyzed for selenium, mercury, chromium, iron, zinc, and scandium by instrumental neutron activation analysis at the University of Missouri Research Reactor Center. Pearson correlation coefficients were computed for selected trace elements concentration versus scandium concentration to assess terrestrial contamination.
RESULTS
The selenium, zinc, and mercury were not correlated with scandium, suggesting they were free from substantial contamination. The high correlations of scandium with iron and chromium suggest that the iron and chromium levels may be compromised by terrestrial contamination. The coefficients of variation for duplicate samples for selenium and zinc were 2.6% and 7.2%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
The nail samples from Golestan Cohort Study appears to be useable as a biomarker of selenium, zinc, and mercury and could be considered for use in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hashemian
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran ; Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Pourshams
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Khoshnia
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Azar Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute,Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Proctor DM, Suh M, Mittal L, Hirsch S, Valdes Salgado R, Bartlett C, Van Landingham C, Rohr A, Crump K. Inhalation cancer risk assessment of hexavalent chromium based on updated mortality for Painesville chromate production workers. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2016; 26:224-31. [PMID: 26669850 PMCID: PMC4756268 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2015.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The exposure-response for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI))-induced lung cancer among workers of the Painesville Ohio chromate production facility has been used internationally for quantitative risk assessment of environmental and occupational exposures to airborne Cr(VI). We updated the mortality of 714 Painesville workers (including 198 short-term workers) through December 2011, reconstructed exposures, and conducted exposure-response modeling using Poisson and Cox regressions to provide quantitative lung cancer risk estimates. The average length of follow-up was 34.4 years with 24,535 person-years at risk. Lung cancer was significantly increased for the cohort (standardized mortality ratio (SMR)=186; 95% confidence interval (CI) 145-228), for those hired before 1959, those with >30-year tenure, and those with cumulative exposure >1.41 mg/m(3)-years or highest monthly exposures >0.26 mg/m(3). Of the models assessed, the linear Cox model with unlagged cumulative exposure provided the best fit and was preferred. Smoking and age at hire were also significant predictors of lung cancer mortality. Adjusting for these variables, the occupational unit risk was 0.00166 (95% CI 0.000713-0.00349), and the environmental unit risk was 0.00832 (95% CI 0.00359-0.0174), which are 20% and 15% lower, respectively, than values developed in a previous study of this cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mina Suh
- ToxStrategies, Mission Viejo, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Annette Rohr
- Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Goodarzi Z, Karami E, Ahmadizadeh M. Effect of Simvastatin on Sodium Dichromate-Induced Lung Injury in Rats. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/jjnpp-31159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
35
|
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a known carcinogen when inhaled. However, inhalational exposure to Cr(VI) affects only a small portion of the population, mainly by occupational exposures. In contrast, oral exposure to Cr(VI) is widespread and affects many people throughout the globe. In 2008, the National Toxicology Program (NTP) released a 2-year study demonstrating that ingested Cr(VI) was carcinogenic in rats and mice. The effects of Cr(VI) oral exposure are mitigated by reduction in the gut; however, a portion evades the reductive detoxification and reaches target tissues. Once Cr(VI) enters the cell, it ultimately gets reduced to Cr(III), which mediates its toxicity via induction of oxidative stress during the reduction while Cr intermediates react with protein and DNA. Cr(III) can form adducts with DNA that may lead to mutations. This review will discuss the potential adverse effects of oral exposure to Cr(VI) by presenting up-to-date human and animal studies, examining the underlying mechanisms that mediate Cr(VI) toxicity, as well as highlighting opportunities for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sun
- NYU School of Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987
| | - Jason Brocato
- NYU School of Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987
| | - Max Costa
- NYU School of Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
García-Niño WR, Zatarain-Barrón ZL, Hernández-Pando R, Vega-García CC, Tapia E, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Oxidative Stress Markers and Histological Analysis in Diverse Organs from Rats Treated with a Hepatotoxic Dose of Cr(VI): Effect of Curcumin. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 167:130-45. [PMID: 25774041 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] compounds are extremely toxic and carcinogenic. Despite the vast quantity of reports about Cr(VI) toxicity, the information regarding its effects when it is intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered is still limited. In contrast, it has been shown that curcumin prevents hepatotoxicity induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 15 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7). This study aims to evaluate oxidative stress markers, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and the potential histological injury in brain, heart, lung, kidney, spleen, pancreas, stomach, and intestine from rats treated with a hepatotoxic dose of K2Cr2O7 (15 mg/kg b.w.), and the effect of curcumin pretreatment. Rats were divided into four groups: control, curcumin, K2Cr2O7, and curcumin+K2Cr2O7. At the end of the treatment, plasma and ascites fluid were collected and target organs were dissected out for biochemical and histological analysis. K2Cr2O7 induced hepatotoxicity but failed to induce in all the other studied organs either oxidative or histological injury, since levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and related GSH enzymes were unchanged. As expected, curcumin was safe. Lack of K2Cr2O7-induced toxicity in those target organs could be due to the following: (1) route of administration, (2) absorption through the portal circulation, (3) lower dose than needed, (4) short time of exposure, or (5) repeated doses are required to produce damage. Thus, the intraperitoneal injection of 15 mg/kg of K2Cr2O7, that is able to induce hepatotoxicity, was unable to induce histological and oxidative damage in other target organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wylly Ramsés García-Niño
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City, Laboratory 209, Building F, D.F., Mexico, 04510, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hashemzadeh F, Gaffarinejad A, Rahimi R. Porous p-NiO/n-Nb2O5 nanocomposites prepared by an EISA route with enhanced photocatalytic activity in simultaneous Cr(VI) reduction and methyl orange decolorization under visible light irradiation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 286:64-74. [PMID: 25557940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Porous NiO/Nb2O5 nanocomposites with Ni/Nb molar ratio of 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 have been obtained via the EISA route using P123 copolymer as organic template, and are assigned as NiNb0.4, NiNb0.8 and NiNb1.2, respectively. For comparison, pure Nb2O5 sample assigned as NiNb0.0 was also synthesized by the same method. Structural and textural features of the as prepared samples were investigated by XRD, FTIR, FE-SEM, EDX, UV-vis DRS and BET techniques. The results indicated that the porous p-NiO/n-Nb2O5 junction nanocomposites were formed and coupling of NiO with Nb2O5 resulted a remarkable red shift in the optical response of the nanocomposite samples. The photocatalytic properties of the nanocomposite samples, and also synthesized pure Nb2O5 (NiNb0.0) and commercial Nb2O5 as reference catalysts were evaluated for the first time by simultaneous Cr(VI) reduction and MO decolorization in aqueous suspension under visible light irradiation at pH 2. NiNb0.4 was found to be the most active photocatalyst, which might be attributed to the extended absorption in the visible light region and the effective photogenerated electron-hole separation by the photosynergistic effects of the p-NiO/n-Nb2O5 composite powder. The photocatalytic efficiency of the most active photocatalyst, NiNb0.4, was found to be rather low for either single Cr(VI) solution or single MO solution. However, the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) and photocatalytic decolorization of MO proceed more rapidly for the coexistence system of Cr(VI) and MO than for the single process, showing synergetic effect between the reduction and decolorization reactions. The effects of initial concentration of Cr(VI), MO and the initial pH value on the rate of simultaneous photoreactions over NiNb0.4 sample, were also investigated. The Cr(VI) and MO removal rates were further enhanced by increasing MO and Cr (VI) concentration to an optimal value, respectively, and/or decreasing solution pH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hashemzadeh
- Young Researchers and Elite Clube, Marand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marand, Iran.
| | - Ali Gaffarinejad
- Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran.
| | - Rahmatollah Rahimi
- Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Xu X, Yekeen TA, Liu J, Zhuang B, Li W, Huo X. Chromium exposure among children from an electronic waste recycling town of China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:1778-85. [PMID: 24288062 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2345-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Guiyu is one of the most heavily chromium-polluted areas in China due to the numerous informal electronic waste (e-waste) recycling activities. A 3-year (2004, 2006, and 2008) independent cross-sectional study on blood chromium (BCr) levels of 711 children from Guiyu and a control area was investigated. Questionnaire completed by parents/guardians was used to assess the risk factors of chromium (Cr) exposure, while physical examination, for the year 2008 only, was used to evaluate the effects of long-term exposure to Cr on child physical development. Children living in Guiyu had significantly higher BCr levels compared with those living in Chendian at the same period from 2004 to 2008 (P < 0.001). The predominant risk factors related to elevated child BCr levels included the use of house as a family workshop, parent involved in e-waste recycling, and child residence in Guiyu. Children's weight and chest circumferences in group with high exposure to Cr (upper quartile) were higher than in the low-exposure group (P < 0.01), although the difference was less significant for boys between the two groups (P < 0.05). The results suggest that elevated child BCr in Guiyu due to informal e-waste recycling activities might be threatening the health of children, with implications on physical growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xijin Xu
- Analytical Cytology Laboratory, Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd., Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Genovese G, Castiglia L, Pieri M, Novi C, d'Angelo R, Sannolo N, Lamberti M, Miraglia N. Occupational Exposure to Chromium of Assembly Workers in Aviation Industries. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2015; 12:518-524. [PMID: 25793365 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2015.1019075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aircraft are constructed by modules that are covered by a "primer" layer, which can often contain hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], known carcinogen to humans. While the occupational exposure to Cr(VI) during aircraft painting is ascertained, the exposure assessment of assembly workers (assemblers) requires investigations. Three biological monitoring campaigns (BM-I,II,III) were performed in an aviation industry, on homogeneous groups of assemblers (N = 43) and controls (N = 23), by measuring chromium concentrations in end-shift urine collected at the end of the working week and the chromium concentration difference between end- and before-shift urines. BM-I was conducted on full-time workers, BM-II was performed on workers after a 3-4 day absence from work, BM-III on workers using ecoprimers with lower Cr(VI) content. Samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy and mean values were compared by T-test. Even if Cr concentrations measured during BM-I were lower than Biological Exposure Indices by ACGIH, statistically significant differences were found between urinary Cr concentrations of workers and controls. Despite 3-4 days of absence from work, urinary chromium concentrations measured during BM-II were still higher than references from nonoccupationally exposed populations. In the BM-III campaign, the obtained preliminary results suggested the efficacy of using ecoprimers. The healthcare of workers exposed to carcinogenic agents follows the principle of limiting the exposure to "the minimum technically possible". The obtained results evidence that assemblers of aviation industries, whose task does not involve the direct use of primers containing Cr(VI), show an albeit slight occupational exposure to Cr(VI), that must be carefully taken into consideration in planning suitable prevention measures during risk assessment and management processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Genovese
- a Department of Experimental Medicine - Section of Hygiene, Occupational Medicine and Forensic Medicine - Occupational Medicine Area - Second University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sazakli E, Villanueva CM, Kogevinas M, Maltezis K, Mouzaki A, Leotsinidis M. Chromium in drinking water: association with biomarkers of exposure and effect. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:10125-45. [PMID: 25268509 PMCID: PMC4210971 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph111010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An epidemiological cross-sectional study was conducted in Greece to investigate health outcomes associated with long-term exposure to chromium via drinking water. The study population consisted of 304 participants. Socio-demographics, lifestyle, drinking water intake, dietary habits, occupational and medical history data were recorded through a personal interview. Physical examination and a motor test were carried out on the individuals. Total chromium concentrations were measured in blood and hair of the study subjects. Hematological, biochemical and inflammatory parameters were determined in blood. Chromium in drinking water ranged from <0.5 to 90 μg·L-1 in all samples but one (220 μg·L-1), with a median concentration of 21.2 μg·L-1. Chromium levels in blood (median 0.32 μg·L-1, range <0.18-0.92 μg·L-1) and hair (median 0.22 μg·g-1, range 0.03-1.26 μg·g-1) were found within "normal range" according to the literature. Personal lifetime chromium exposure dose via drinking water, calculated from the results of the water analyses and the questionnaire data, showed associations with blood and hair chromium levels and certain hematological and biochemical parameters. Groups of subjects whose hematological or biochemical parameters were outside the normal range were not correlated with chromium exposure dose, except for groups of subjects with high triglycerides or low sodium. Motor impairment score was not associated with exposure to chromium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Sazakli
- Lab of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras, University Campus, Patras, GR 26504, Greece.
| | - Cristina M Villanueva
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
| | | | - Athanasia Mouzaki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, University Campus, Patras, GR 26504, Greece.
| | - Michalis Leotsinidis
- Lab of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras, University Campus, Patras, GR 26504, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Welling R, Beaumont JJ, Petersen SJ, Alexeeff GV, Steinmaus C. Chromium VI and stomach cancer: a meta-analysis of the current epidemiological evidence. Occup Environ Med 2014; 72:151-9. [PMID: 25231674 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chromium VI (hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI)) is an established cause of lung cancer, but its association with gastrointestinal cancer is less clear. The goal of this study was to examine whether the current human epidemiological research on occupationally inhaled Cr(VI) supports the hypothesis that Cr(VI) is associated with human stomach cancer. METHODS Following a thorough literature search and review of individual studies, we used meta-analysis to summarise the current epidemiological literature on inhaled Cr(VI) and stomach cancer, explore major sources of heterogeneity, and assess other elements of causal inference. RESULTS We identified 56 cohort and case-control studies and 74 individual relative risk (RR) estimates on stomach cancer and Cr(VI) exposure or work in an occupation associated with high Cr(VI) exposure including chromium production, chrome plating, leather work and work with Portland cement. The summary RR for all studies combined was 1.27 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.38). In analyses limited to only those studies identifying increased risks of lung cancer, the summary RR for stomach cancer was higher (RR=1.41, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.69). CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results suggest that Cr(VI) is a stomach carcinogen in humans, which is consistent with the tumour results reported in rodent studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Welling
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, California, USA
| | - James J Beaumont
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Scott J Petersen
- Occupational Medicine, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California, USA
| | - George V Alexeeff
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Craig Steinmaus
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Proctor DM, Suh M, Campleman SL, Thompson CM. Assessment of the mode of action for hexavalent chromium-induced lung cancer following inhalation exposures. Toxicology 2014; 325:160-79. [PMID: 25174529 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inhalation of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is associated with increased lung cancer risk among workers in several industries, most notably chromate production workers exposed to high concentrations of Cr(VI) (≥100 μg/m(3)), for which clear exposure-response relationships and respiratory irritation and tissue damage have been reported. Data from this industry are used to assess lung cancer risk associated with environmental and current occupational exposures, occurring at concentrations that are significantly lower. There is considerable uncertainty in the low dose extrapolation of historical occupational epidemiology data to assess risk at current exposures because no published or well recognized mode of action (MOA) for Cr(VI)-induced lung tumors exists. We conducted a MOA analysis for Cr(VI)-induced lung cancer evaluating toxicokinetic and toxicological data in humans and rodents and mechanistic data to assess plausibility, dose-response, and temporal concordance for potential MOAs. Toxicokinetic data support that extracellular reduction of Cr(VI), which limits intracellular absorption of Cr(VI) and Cr(VI)-induced toxicity, can be overwhelmed at high exposure levels. In vivo genotoxicity and mutagenicity data are mostly negative and do not support a mutagenic MOA. Further, both chronic bioassays and the epidemiologic literature support that lung cancer occurs at exposures that cause tissue damage. Based on this MOA analysis, the overall weight of evidence supports a MOA involving deposition and accumulation of particulate chromium in the bifurcations of the lung resulting in exceedance of clearance mechanisms and cellular absorption of Cr(VI). Once inside the cell, reduction of Cr(VI) results in oxidative stress and the formation of Cr ligands. Subsequent protein and DNA damage lead to tissue irritation, inflammation, and cytotoxicity. These effects, concomitant with increased cell proliferation, result in changes to DNA sequences and/or methylation status that can lead to tumorigenesis. This MOA supports the use of non-linear approaches when extrapolating lung cancer risk occurring at high concentration occupational exposures to environmentally-relevant exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mina Suh
- ToxStrategies, Inc., Mission Viejo, CA 92692, United States.
| | - Sharan L Campleman
- University of California, Office of the President, Oakland, CA 94612, United States.
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Thompson CM, Kirman CR, Proctor DM, Haws LC, Suh M, Hays SM, Hixon JG, Harris MA. A chronic oral reference dose for hexavalent chromium-induced intestinal cancer. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 34:525-36. [PMID: 23943231 PMCID: PMC4282340 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in drinking water induce villous cytotoxicity and compensatory crypt hyperplasia in the small intestines of mice (but not rats). Lifetime exposure to such cytotoxic concentrations increases intestinal neoplasms in mice, suggesting that the mode of action for Cr(VI)-induced intestinal tumors involves chronic wounding and compensatory cell proliferation of the intestine. Therefore, we developed a chronic oral reference dose (RfD) designed to be protective of intestinal damage and thus intestinal cancer. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for chromium in mice was used to estimate the amount of Cr(VI) entering each intestinal tissue section (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) from the lumen per day (normalized to intestinal tissue weight). These internal dose metrics, together with corresponding incidences for diffuse hyperplasia, were used to derive points of departure using benchmark dose modeling and constrained nonlinear regression. Both modeling techniques resulted in similar points of departure, which were subsequently converted to human equivalent doses using a human physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. Applying appropriate uncertainty factors, an RfD of 0.006 mg kg(-1) day(-1) was derived for diffuse hyperplasia-an effect that precedes tumor formation. This RfD is protective of both noncancer and cancer effects in the small intestine and corresponds to a safe drinking water equivalent level of 210 µg l(-1). This concentration is higher than the current federal maximum contaminant level for total Cr (100 µg l(-1)) and well above levels of Cr(VI) in US drinking water supplies (typically ≤ 5 µg l(-1)).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mina Suh
- ToxStrategies, Inc.Rancho Santa Margarita, CA, 92688, USA
| | - Sean M Hays
- Summit Toxicology, LLPAllenspark, CO, 80510, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of chromium in food and drinking water. EFSA J 2014. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
|
45
|
Wang TC, Song YS, Yu SF, Zhang J, Wang H, Gu YE, Chen T, Jia G. Association of folate deficiency and selected tumor marker concentrations in long-term hexavalent chromium exposed population. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2014; 217:88-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
46
|
Curcumin pretreatment prevents potassium dichromate-induced hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, decreased respiratory complex I activity, and membrane permeability transition pore opening. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:424692. [PMID: 23956771 PMCID: PMC3730379 DOI: 10.1155/2013/424692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is a polyphenol derived from turmeric with recognized antioxidant properties. Hexavalent chromium is an environmental toxic and carcinogen compound that induces oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential protective effect of curcumin on the hepatic damage generated by potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) in rats. Animals were pretreated daily by 9-10 days with curcumin (400 mg/kg b.w.) before the injection of a single intraperitoneal of K2Cr2O7 (15 mg/kg b.w.). Groups of animals were sacrificed 24 and 48 h later. K2Cr2O7-induced damage to the liver was evident by histological alterations and increase in the liver weight and in the activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase in plasma. In addition, K2Cr2O7 induced oxidative damage in liver and isolated mitochondria, which was evident by the increase in the content of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl and decrease in the glutathione content and in the activity of several antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, K2Cr2O7 induced decrease in mitochondrial oxygen consumption, in the activity of respiratory complex I, and permeability transition pore opening. All the above-mentioned alterations were prevented by curcumin pretreatment. The beneficial effects of curcumin against K2Cr2O7-induced liver oxidative damage were associated with prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
|
47
|
Yang Y, Liu H, Xiang XH, Liu FY. Outline of occupational chromium poisoning in China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 90:742-749. [PMID: 23604023 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-013-0998-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study analyzed the feature of occupational chromium poisoning in China since the 1980s. The collected data were acquired from 18 previous surveys of chromium poisoning in 14 cities of China. The method of risk assessment was applied to calculate the relative risk and 95% CI, p < 0.05 was considered as a significant risk. The results showed that nasal disease was the most common sign of occupational chromium poisoning, and the prevalence rate of nasal disease was 17.83% in total population of 6,998. Further, the risk analysis showed that occupational chromium poisoning led to an increased risk of lung or liver cancer in male workers due to the definite carcinogenicity of hexavalent chromium. Significantly, an increased risk of spontaneous or threatened abortion was also found in female workers. In conclusion, these studies suggest that early detection of impaired reproductive function or impaired lung or liver function in female or male workers is essential for controlling occupational chromium poisoning in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Post-doctoral Research Stations, Nephrology Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha Hunan 410011, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for humans orally exposed to chromium. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 204:13-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
49
|
Thompson CM, Proctor DM, Suh M, Haws LC, Kirman CR, Harris MA. Assessment of the mode of action underlying development of rodent small intestinal tumors following oral exposure to hexavalent chromium and relevance to humans. Crit Rev Toxicol 2013; 43:244-74. [PMID: 23445218 PMCID: PMC3604738 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2013.768596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Chronic exposure to high concentrations of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in drinking water causes intestinal adenomas and carcinomas in mice, but not in rats. Cr(VI) causes damage to intestinal villi and crypt hyperplasia in mice after only one week of exposure. After two years of exposure, intestinal damage and crypt hyperplasia are evident in mice (but not rats), as are intestinal tumors. Although Cr(VI) has genotoxic properties, these findings suggest that intestinal tumors in mice arise as a result of chronic mucosal injury. To better understand the mode of action (MOA) of Cr(VI) in the intestine, a 90-day drinking water study was conducted to collect histological, biochemical, toxicogenomic and pharmacokinetic data in intestinal tissues. Using MOA analyses and human relevance frameworks proposed by national and international regulatory agencies, the weight of evidence supports a cytotoxic MOA with the following key events: (a) absorption of Cr(VI) from the intestinal lumen, (b) toxicity to intestinal villi, (c) crypt regenerative hyperplasia and (d) clonal expansion of mutations within the crypt stem cells, resulting in late onset tumorigenesis. This article summarizes the data supporting each key event in the MOA, as well as data that argue against a mutagenic MOA for Cr(VI)-induced intestinal tumors.
Collapse
|
50
|
Li L, Ying XJ, Sun TT, Yi K, Tian HL, Sun R, Tian JH, Yang KH. Overview of methodological quality of systematic reviews about gastric cancer risk and protective factors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:2069-79. [PMID: 22901173 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.5.2069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE A comprehensive overall review of gastric cancer (GC) risk and protective factors is a high priority, so we conducted the present study. METHODS Systematic searches in common medical electronic databases along with reference tracking were conducted to include all kinds of systematic reviews (SRs) about GC risk and protective factors. Two authors independently selected studies, extracted data, and evaluated the methodological qualities and the quality of evidence using R-AMSTAR and GRADE approaches. RESULTS Beta- carotene below 20 mg/day, fruit, vegetables, non-fermented soy-foods, whole-grain, and dairy product were GC protective factors, while beta-carotene 20 mg/day or above, pickled vegetables, fermented soy-foods, processed meat 30 g/d or above, or salty foods, exposure to alcohol or smoking, occupational exposure to Pb, overweight and obesity, helicobacter pylori infection were GC risk factors. So we suggested screening and treating H. pylori infection, limiting the amount of food containing risk factors (processed meat consumption, beta-carotene, pickled vegetables, fermented soy-foods, salty foods, alcohol), stopping smoking, avoiding excessive weight gain, avoidance of Pb, and increasing the quantity of food containing protective components (fresh fruit and vegetables, non-fermented soy-foods, whole-grain, dairy products). CONCLUSIONS The conclusions and recommendations of our study were limited by including SRs with poor methodological bases and low quality of evidence, so that more research applying checklists about assessing the methodological qualities and reporting are needed for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lun Li
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|