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Yin JH, Horzmann KA. Embryonic Zebrafish as a Model for Investigating the Interaction between Environmental Pollutants and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1559. [PMID: 39062132 PMCID: PMC11275083 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollutants have been linked to neurotoxicity and are proposed to contribute to neurodegenerative disorders. The zebrafish model provides a high-throughput platform for large-scale chemical screening and toxicity assessment and is widely accepted as an important animal model for the investigation of neurodegenerative disorders. Although recent studies explore the roles of environmental pollutants in neurodegenerative disorders in zebrafish models, current knowledge of the mechanisms of environmentally induced neurodegenerative disorders is relatively complex and overlapping. This review primarily discusses utilizing embryonic zebrafish as the model to investigate environmental pollutants-related neurodegenerative disease. We also review current applicable approaches and important biomarkers to unravel the underlying mechanism of environmentally related neurodegenerative disorders. We found embryonic zebrafish to be a powerful tool that provides a platform for evaluating neurotoxicity triggered by environmentally relevant concentrations of neurotoxic compounds. Additionally, using variable approaches to assess neurotoxicity in the embryonic zebrafish allows researchers to have insights into the complex interaction between environmental pollutants and neurodegenerative disorders and, ultimately, an understanding of the underlying mechanisms related to environmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katharine A. Horzmann
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
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2
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Nieves Lira C, Carpenter AP, Baio JE, Harper BJ, Harper SL, Mackiewicz MR. Size- and Shape-Dependent Interactions of Lipid-Coated Silver Nanoparticles: An Improved Mechanistic Understanding through Model Cell Membranes and In Vivo Toxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:968-980. [PMID: 38743843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.4c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The widespread use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in various applications and industries has brought to light the need for understanding the complex relationship between the physicochemical properties (shape, size, charge, and surface chemistry) of AgNPs that affect their ability to enter cells and cause toxicity. To evaluate their toxicological outcomes, this study systematically analyzed a series of homogeneous hybrid lipid-coated AgNPs spanning sizes from 5 to 100 nm with diverse shapes (spheres, triangles, and cubes). The hybrid lipid membrane comprises hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine (HPC), sodium oleate (SOA), and hexanethiol (HT), which shield the AgNP surface from surface oxidation and toxic Ag+ ion release to minimize its contribution to toxicity. To reduce any significant effects by surface chemistry, the HPC, SOA, and HT membrane composition ratio was kept constant, and the AgNPs were assessed using embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio). While a direct comparison cannot be drawn due to the lack of complementary sizes below 40 nm for triangular plates and cubes due to synthetic challenges, significant mortality was observed for spherical AgNPs (AgNSs) of 5, 20, 40, and 60 nm at 120 h postfertilization at concentrations ≥6 mg Ag/L. In contrast, the 10, 80, and 100 nm AgNSs, 40, 70, and 100 nm triangular plate AgNPs (AgNPLs), and 55, 75, and 100 nm cubic AgNPs (AgNCs) showed no significant mortality at 5 days postfertilization following exposure to AgNPs at concentrations up to 12 mg Ag/L. With constant surface chemistry on the AgNPs, size is the dominant factor driving toxicological responses, with smaller nanoparticles (5 to 60 nm) being the most toxic. Larger AgNSs, AgNCs, and AgNPLs from 75 to 100 nm do not show any evidence of toxicity. However, when closely examining sizes between 40 and 60 nm for AgNSs, AgNCs, and AgNPLs, there is evidence that discriminates shape as a driver of toxicity since sublethal responses generally were observed to follow a pattern, suggesting toxicity is most significant for AgNSs followed by AgNPLs and then AgNCs, which is the least toxic. Sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy showed that irrespective of size or shape, all hybrid lipid-coated AgNPs interact with membrane surfaces and "snorkel" between phases into the lipid monolayer with minimal energetic cost. These findings decisively demonstrate that not only smaller AgNPs but also the shape of the AgNPs influences their biological compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citlali Nieves Lira
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Andrew P Carpenter
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Joe E Baio
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Bryan J Harper
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Stacey L Harper
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
- Oregon Nanoscience and Microtechnologies Institute, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Marilyn R Mackiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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3
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Wu F, Zhang S, Li H, Liu P, Su H, Zhang Y, Brooks BW, You J. Toxicokinetics Explain Differential Freshwater Ecotoxicity of Nanoencapsulated Imidacloprid Compared to Its Conventional Active Ingredient. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:9548-9558. [PMID: 38778038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural applications of nanotechnologies necessitate addressing safety concerns associated with nanopesticides, yet research has not adequately elucidated potential environmental risks between nanopesticides and their conventional counterparts. To address this gap, we investigated the risk of nanopesticides by comparing the ecotoxicity of nanoencapsulated imidacloprid (nano-IMI) with its active ingredient to nontarget freshwater organisms (embryonic Danio rerio, Daphnia magna, and Chironomus kiinensis). Nano-IMI elicited approximately 5 times higher toxicity than IMI to zebrafish embryos with and without chorion, while no significant difference was observed between the two invertebrates. Toxicokinetics further explained the differential toxicity patterns of the two IMI analogues. One-compartmental two-phase toxicokinetic modeling showed that nano-IMI exhibited significantly slower elimination and subsequently higher bioaccumulation potential than IMI in zebrafish embryos (dechorinated), while no disparity in toxicokinetics was observed between nano-IMI and IMI in D. magna and C. kiinensis. A two-compartmental toxicokinetic model successfully simulated the slow elimination of IMI from C. kiinensis and confirmed that both analogues of IMI reached toxicologically relevant targets at similar levels. Although nanopesticides exhibit comparable or elevated toxicity, future work is of utmost importance to properly understand the life cycle risks from production to end-of-life exposures, which helps establish optimal management measures before their widespread applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Shaoqiong Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Peipei Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Hang Su
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Yueyang Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta 11455, Canada
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biomedical Studies, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
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4
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Mesmar F, Muhsen M, Farooq I, Maxey G, Tourigny JP, Tennessen J, Bondesson M. Exposure to the pesticide tefluthrin causes developmental neurotoxicity in zebrafish. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.28.596249. [PMID: 38854095 PMCID: PMC11160659 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.28.596249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insecticide tefluthrin is widely used in agriculture, resulting in widespread pollution. Tefluthrin is a type I pyrethroid characterized by its high persistence in the environment. Understanding the mechanisms of toxicity of tefluthrin will improve its risk assessment. OBJECTIVES We aimed to decipher the molecular modes of action of tefluthrin. METHODS Phenotypic developmental toxicity was assessed by exposing zebrafish embryos and larvae to increasing concentrations of tefluthrin. Tg(mnx:mGFP) line was used to assess neurotoxicity. Multi-omics approaches including transcriptomics and lipidomics were applied to analyze RNA and lipid contents, respectively. Finally, an in-silico ligand-protein docking computational method was used to study a possible interaction between tefluthrin and a protein target. RESULTS Tefluthrin exposure caused severe morphological malformations in zebrafish larvae, including motor neuron abnormalities. The differentially expressed genes were associated with neurotoxicity and metabolic disruption. Lipidomics analysis revealed a disruption in fatty acid, phospholipid, and lysophospholipid recycling. Protein docking modeling suggested that the LPCAT3 enzyme, which recycles lysophospholipids in the Land's cycle, directly interacts with tefluthrin. CONCLUSIONS Tefluthrin exposure causes morphological and neuronal malformations in zebrafish larvae at nanomolar concentrations. Multi-omics results revealed a potential molecular initiating event i.e., inhibition of LPCAT3, and key events i.e., an altered lysophospholipid to phospholipid ratio, leading to the adverse outcomes of neurotoxicity and metabolic disruption.
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5
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Dunn F, Paquette SE, Pennell KD, Plavicki JS, Manz KE. Metabolomic changes following GenX and PFBS exposure in developing zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 271:106908. [PMID: 38608566 PMCID: PMC11209921 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Short chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), including hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX) and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), are replacement chemicals for environmentally persistent, long-chain PFAS. Although GenX and PFBS have been detected in surface and ground water worldwide, few studies provide information on the metabolic alterations or risks associated with their exposures. In this study, larval zebrafish were used to investigate the toxicity of early-life exposure to GenX or PFBS. Zebrafish were chronically exposed from 4 h post-fertilization (hpf) to 6 days post-fertilization (dpf) to 150 µM GenX or 95.0 µM PFBS. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography paired with high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to quantify uptake of GenX and PFBS into zebrafish larvae and perform targeted and untargeted metabolomics. Our results indicate that PFBS was 20.4 % more readily absorbed into the zebrafish larvae compared to GenX. Additionally, PFBS exposure significantly altered 13 targeted metabolites and 21 metabolic pathways, while GenX exposure significantly altered 1 targeted metabolite and 17 metabolic pathways. Exposure to GenX, and to an even greater extent PFBS, resulted in a number of altered metabolic pathways in the amino acid metabolism, with other significant alterations in the carbohydrate, lipid, cofactors and vitamins, nucleotide, and xenobiotics metabolisms. Our results indicate that GenX and PFBS impact the zebrafish metabolome, with implications of global metabolic dysregulation, particularly in metabolic pathways relating to growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Dunn
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope Street, Providence, RI, 02912, United States
| | - Shannon E Paquette
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence, RI, 02903, United States
| | - Kurt D Pennell
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope Street, Providence, RI, 02912, United States
| | - Jessica S Plavicki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence, RI, 02903, United States.
| | - Katherine E Manz
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope Street, Providence, RI, 02912, United States; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States.
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6
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Gölz L, Blanc-Legendre M, Rinderknecht M, Behnstedt L, Coordes S, Reger L, Sire S, Cousin X, Braunbeck T, Baumann L. Development of a Zebrafish Embryo-Based Test System for Thyroid Hormone System Disruption: 3Rs in Ecotoxicological Research. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38804632 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
There is increasing concern regarding pollutants disrupting the vertebrate thyroid hormone (TH) system, which is crucial for development. Thus, identification of TH system-disrupting chemicals (THSDCs) is an important requirement in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) testing framework. The current OECD approach uses different model organisms for different endocrine modalities, leading to a high number of animal tests. Alternative models compatible with the 3Rs (replacement, reduction, refinement) principle are required. Zebrafish embryos, not protected by current European Union animal welfare legislation, represent a promising model. Studies show that zebrafish swim bladder inflation and eye development are affected by THSDCs, and the respective adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) have been established. The present study compared effects of four THSDCs with distinct molecular modes of action: Propylthiouracil (PTU), potassium perchlorate, iopanoic acid, and the TH triiodothyronine (T3) were tested with a protocol based on the OECD fish embryo toxicity test (FET). Effects were analyzed according to the AOP concept from molecular over morphological to behavioral levels: Analysis of thyroid- and eye-related gene expression revealed significant effects after PTU and T3 exposure. All substances caused changes in thyroid follicle morphology of a transgenic zebrafish line expressing fluorescence in thyrocytes. Impaired eye development and swimming activity were observed in all treatments, supporting the hypothesis that THSDCs cause adverse population-relevant changes. Findings thus confirm that the FET can be amended by TH system-related endpoints into an integrated protocol comprising molecular, morphological, and behavioral endpoints for environmental risk assessment of potential endocrine disruptors, which is compatible with the 3Rs principle. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-18. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gölz
- Aquatic Ecology & Toxicology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Current affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Maximilian Rinderknecht
- Aquatic Ecology & Toxicology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Behnstedt
- Aquatic Ecology & Toxicology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Coordes
- Aquatic Ecology & Toxicology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luisa Reger
- Aquatic Ecology & Toxicology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sacha Sire
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, INRAE, Palavas, France
| | - Xavier Cousin
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, INRAE, Palavas, France
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology & Toxicology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Baumann
- Aquatic Ecology & Toxicology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Current affiliation: Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Section Environmental Health & Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Habjan E, Schouten GK, Speer A, van Ulsen P, Bitter W. Diving into drug-screening: zebrafish embryos as an in vivo platform for antimicrobial drug discovery and assessment. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2024; 48:fuae011. [PMID: 38684467 PMCID: PMC11078164 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria underlines the need for innovative treatments, yet the introduction of new drugs has stagnated despite numerous antimicrobial discoveries. A major hurdle is a poor correlation between promising in vitro data and in vivo efficacy in animal models, which is essential for clinical development. Early in vivo testing is hindered by the expense and complexity of existing animal models. Therefore, there is a pressing need for cost-effective, rapid preclinical models with high translational value. To overcome these challenges, zebrafish embryos have emerged as an attractive model for infectious disease studies, offering advantages such as ethical alignment, rapid development, ease of maintenance, and genetic manipulability. The zebrafish embryo infection model, involving microinjection or immersion of pathogens and potential antibiotic hit compounds, provides a promising solution for early-stage drug screening. It offers a cost-effective and rapid means of assessing the efficacy, toxicity and mechanism of action of compounds in a whole-organism context. This review discusses the experimental design of this model, but also its benefits and challenges. Additionally, it highlights recently identified compounds in the zebrafish embryo infection model and discusses the relevance of the model in predicting the compound's clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Habjan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU Medical Center,De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gina K Schouten
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU Medical Center,De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Speer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU Medical Center,De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van Ulsen
- Section Molecular Microbiology of A-LIFE, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Bitter
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU Medical Center,De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Section Molecular Microbiology of A-LIFE, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Małkowska A, Ługowska K, Grucza K, Małkowska W, Kwiatkowska D. Ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate in the zebrafish after ethanol exposure. Alcohol 2024; 115:33-39. [PMID: 37633541 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol exposure during pregnancy is an important problem and is the cause of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). The etiology of FAS and FASD can be elucidated using animal models. Recently, a novel model, the zebrafish (Danio rerio), has garnered the interest of researchers. This study confirmed the negative influence of ethyl alcohol (0.5 %, 1.5 %, and 2.5 % v/v) on the development of zebrafish embryos. The observed malformations included pericardial and yolk sac edema, increased body curvature, tail edema, and a decreased embryo hatching rate. The differences in body length, body width, and heart rate were statistically significant. Due to the similarities in the quantity and function of ethanol biotransformation enzymes between zebrafish and mammals, this study investigated the nonoxidative metabolites of ethanol - ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) - in zebrafish following ethanol exposure. This research confirmed that EtG and EtS concentrations can be measured in zebrafish embryos, and the levels of these metabolites appear to be associated with the ethyl alcohol concentration in the medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Małkowska
- Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Kinga Ługowska
- Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Grucza
- Polish Anti-Doping Laboratory, Księcia Ziemowita 53/4 Street, 03-885 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Małkowska
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, SW15 5PJ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dorota Kwiatkowska
- Polish Anti-Doping Laboratory, Księcia Ziemowita 53/4 Street, 03-885 Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Blewett TA, Ackerly KL, Schlenker LS, Martin S, Nielsen KM. Implications of biotic factors for toxicity testing in laboratory studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168220. [PMID: 37924878 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
There is an emerging call from scientists globally to advance the environmental relevance of laboratory studies, particularly within the field of ecotoxicology. To answer this call, we must carefully examine and elucidate the shortcomings of standardized toxicity testing methods that are used in the derivation of toxicity values and regulatory criteria. As a consequence of rapidly accelerating climate change, the inclusion of abiotic co-stressors are increasingly being incorporated into toxicity studies, with the goal of improving the representativeness of laboratory-derived toxicity values used in ecological risk assessments. However, much less attention has been paid to the influence of biotic factors that may just as meaningfully impact our capacity to evaluate and predict risks within impacted ecosystems. Therefore, the overarching goal is to highlight key biotic factors that should be taken into consideration during the experimental design and model selection phase. SYNOPSIS: Scientists are increasingly finding that lab reared results in toxicology might not be reflective of the external wild environment, we highlight in this review some key considerations when working between the lab and field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamzin A Blewett
- University of Alberta, Department of Biological Sciences, Canada.
| | - Kerri Lynn Ackerly
- The University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, United States of America
| | - Lela S Schlenker
- East Carolina University, Department of Biology, United States of America
| | - Sidney Martin
- University of Alberta, Department of Biological Sciences, Canada
| | - Kristin M Nielsen
- The University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, United States of America
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10
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Arjmand B, Alavi-Moghadam S, Kokabi-Hamidpour S, Arjmand R, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Larijani B. Preparation and Validation of Zebrafish Psoriasis Model to Investigate the Therapeutic Effects of Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2849:227-238. [PMID: 37801254 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2023_505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease with systemic symptoms including seborrheic psoriasis, pustular lesions, plaque lesions, intestinal eruptions, and sometimes arthritis. Moreover, most of the psoriatic subjects report life challenges due to the condition, impacting social activities and daily tasks. Generally, psoriasis treatment options depend on the severity, coexisting conditions, and medical availability. Although psoriasis therapies reduce symptoms and appearance, still it is not curable. Hereupon, searching for optimal therapeutic options continues. Accordingly, stem cell therapy is considered an advanced psoriasis treatment. Subsequently, stem cell therapies' efficacy is uncertain yet. Therefore, further studies are needed. In this context, preclinical studies such as animal experiments are essential for evaluation of treatment modalities. Herein, zebrafish offer advantages in testing treatments and biomedical research applications compared to other vertebrate models. Further, zebrafish skin shares similarities with human skin, making it suitable for studying inflammatory disorders. Hence, the authors discuss the zebrafish psoriasis development method for evaluating the stem cell therapeutic influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Alavi-Moghadam
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Rasta Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Chatzimitakos TG, Leonardos I, Stalikas CD. Metabolomic Fingerprint Assay in Zebrafish Embryos. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2753:495-502. [PMID: 38285362 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3625-1_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
In order for new drugs to enter the market, extensive studies are needed to examine toxic effects. Among others, teratogenicity studies are of paramount importance. Of even higher importance is to gain knowledge on the biological responses that take place upon drug exposure, so as to have a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern developmental changes. Metabolomics is the research field that studies the changes in the chemical composition of metabolites contained within cells. Conducting metabolomics studies results in valuable information. Zebrafish is a vertebrate model organism that bridges in vivo assays and in vivo studies. In this chapter, we propose a metabolomic fingerprint assay for the study of metabolic changes in zebrafish embryos upon exposure to various drugs. The metabolome of zebrafish is extracted, and the 1H-NMR spectrum is recorded. Using open-access metabolomic databases, a list of tentative metabolites is retrieved. The presence of the tentative metabolites is further confirmed by UHPLC-HRMS. Ultimately, after a metabolic pathway analysis, the metabolic network is revealed and useful conclusions can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros G Chatzimitakos
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Leonardos
- Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Constantine D Stalikas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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12
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Chelcea I, Vogs C, Hamers T, Koekkoek J, Legradi J, Sapounidou M, Örn S, Andersson PL. Physiology-informed toxicokinetic model for the zebrafish embryo test developed for bisphenols. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 345:140399. [PMID: 37839743 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish embryos (ZFE) is a widely used model organism, employed in various research fields including toxicology to assess e.g., developmental toxicity and endocrine disruption. Variation in effects between chemicals are difficult to compare using nominal dose as toxicokinetic properties may vary. Toxicokinetic (TK) modeling is a means to estimate internal exposure concentration or dose at target and to enable extrapolation between experimental conditions and species, thereby improving hazard assessment of potential pollutants. In this study we advance currently existing TK models for ZFE with physiological ZFE parameters and novel experimental bisphenol data, a class of chemicals with suspected endocrine activity. We developed a five-compartment model consisting of water, plastic, chorion, yolk sack and embryo in which surface area and volume changes as well as the processes of biotransformation and blood circulation influence mass fluxes. For model training and validation, we measured internal concentrations in ZFE exposed individually to BPA, bisphenol AF (BPAF) and Z (BPZ). Bayesian inference was applied for parameter calibration based on the training data set of BPZ. The calibrated TK model predicted internal ZFE concentrations of the majority of external test data within a 5-fold error and half of the data within a 2-fold error for bisphenols A, AF, F, and tetrabromo bisphenol A (TBBPA). We used the developed model to rank the hazard of seven bisphenols based on predicted internal concentrations and measured in vitro estrogenicity. This ranking indicated a higher hazard for BPAF, BPZ, bisphenol B and C (BPB, BPC) than for BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Chelcea
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carolina Vogs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Timo Hamers
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081, HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacco Koekkoek
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081, HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica Legradi
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081, HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Sapounidou
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefan Örn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Santos N, Oliveira M, Domingues I. Influence of exposure scenario on the sensitivity to caffeine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:122808-122821. [PMID: 37978123 PMCID: PMC10724325 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30945-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The chorion acts as a protective barrier, restricting some chemical absorption into the embryo and the surrounding fluids. In this sense, larvae may only have direct contact with some chemicals after dechorionation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of caffeine (CAF) (0, 13, 20, 44, 67, and 100 mg.L-1) under different exposure scenarios (embryos with chorion or embryos/larvae already hatched) and rank the stage sensitivity. Thus, three scenarios were investigated: from 2 to 120 hours post fertilization (hpf) (5 days of exposure- 5dE), from 72 to 120 hpf (2dE), and from 96 to 120 hpf (1dE). Heart rate (48 hpf) and energy reserves (120 hpf) were measured in the 5dE scenario, and behavior and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were evaluated at 120 hpf in all scenarios (5dE, 2dE, and 1dE). At 120 hpf, some of the fish was transferred to clean medium for a 10 days depuration period (10dPE). Behavior and AChE activity were assessed after this period. In the 5dE scenario, CAF increased heartbeat (13, 20, and 30 mg.L-1) and reduced carbohydrates (67, and 100 mg.L-1), while inhibiting AChE activity (100 mg.L-1) in the 5dE, 2dE, and 1dE scenarios. CAF reduced the total distance moved in the 5dE (67, and 100 mg.L-1), 2dE (20, 30, 44, 67, and 100 mg.L-1), and 1dE fish (67, and 100 mg.L-1) and increased erratic movements. Based on the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) for total distance moved (20 mg.L-1) and higher inhibition of AChE activity (100 mg.L-1) (65%), 2dE fish appear to be more sensitive to CAF. After 10dPE, a recovery in behavior was detected in all scenarios (5dE, 2dE, and 1dE). AChE activity remained inhibited in the 2dE scenario while increasing in the 1dE scenario. This study demonstrated that the presence of the chorion is an important factor for the analysis of CAF toxicity. After the loss of the chorion, organisms show greater sensitivity to CAF and can be used to evaluate the toxicity of various substances, including nanomaterials or chemicals with low capacity to cross the chorion. Therefore, the use of hatched embryos in toxicity tests is suggested, as they allow a shorter and less expensive exposure scenario that provides similar outcome as the conventional scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niedja Santos
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Oliveira
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Inês Domingues
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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14
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Merola C, Scroccarello A, Della Pelle F, Ferraro G, Caioni G, Perugini M, Amorena M, Compagnone D. Ecotoxicological assessment of water phase exfoliated two-dimensional Group-VI transition metal dichalcogenides using zebrafish embryo model. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 342:140167. [PMID: 37717917 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Among emerging layered materials, 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) nanosheets (n-sheets) have received increasing attention for optoelectronics, energy storage, and, recently, for bioremediation and advanced biomedical applications; however, a lack of ecotoxicological in vivo studies is evident. Herein, for the first time, the potential nanotoxicity of liquid phase exfoliated Group VI TMDs n-sheets (MoS2, WS2, WSe2, and MoSe2) was comparatively investigated using zebrafish embryos (Z-EBs) as an in-vivo model. The 2D n-sheets were produced directly in aqueous-medium, the obtained n-sheets were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Raman and visible spectroscopy, and their potential nanotoxicity was investigated by fish embryo test OECD TG 236. Chorionated and dechorionated embryos were used to assess the severity of TMD exposure. The survival rate, sublethal alteration during embryogenesis, hatching rate, and mortality were evaluated. TMDs n-sheets tend to adhere to the Z-EBs surface depending on their chemistry. Despite this, TMDs did not show lethal effects; weak sublethal effects were found for MoS2 and WSe2, while slight hatching delays were registered for MoSe2 and WSe2. The observed effects are attributable to the TMDs' tendency to interact with Z-EBs, because of the different chemistry. This work demonstrates how water-dispersed TMDs are potential eco/biocompatible materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Merola
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Campus "Aurelio Saliceti" Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Annalisa Scroccarello
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Campus "Aurelio Saliceti" Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Flavio Della Pelle
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Campus "Aurelio Saliceti" Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Ferraro
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Via Della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Caioni
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Campus "Aurelio Saliceti" Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Monia Perugini
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Campus "Aurelio Saliceti" Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Michele Amorena
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Campus "Aurelio Saliceti" Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Dario Compagnone
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Campus "Aurelio Saliceti" Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy.
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15
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Scott J, Mortensen S, Minghetti M. Alternatives to Fish Acute Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) Testing: Predictability of RTgill-W1 Cells and Fathead Minnow Embryos with Actual Wastewater Samples. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:13721-13731. [PMID: 37672649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity assays using fish cells and embryos continue to gain momentum as a more ethical and informative alternative to fish acute toxicity testing. The goal of our study was to test the accuracy of RTgill-W1 cells and the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) embryos to predict actual whole effluent toxicity (WET) in the fathead minnow larvae. The three models were compared concurrently using samples of various origins and treatment types. Additionally, the toxicity of reference toxicants (Cd, Cu, NH3-N, 3,4-dichloraniline, and benzalkonium chloride) spiked into a nontoxic wastewater was compared. The toxicity of reference toxicants was tested in isosmotic and hypoosmotic exposure media in RTgill-W1 cells. Of the 28 wastewater samples, 14 induced a toxic response in fish larvae. Embryos predicted 11 of the 14 wastewater samples toxic to the larvae, whereas RTgill-W1 cells predicted the toxicity of all 14 toxic samples to the larvae. In addition, embryos and RTgill-W1 cells predicted toxicity in two and six additional samples, respectively, that were nontoxic to larvae. Exposures in hypoosmotic medium significantly increased sensitivity of RTgill-W1 cells to all reference toxicants, excluding benzalkonium chloride, compared to exposures in isosmotic medium and showed toxicity levels similar to that in larvae. Thus, hypoosmotic exposure medium should be considered for aquatic toxicity testing applications. Overall, both gill cell and embryo models predicted toxicity in the majority of wastewater samples toxic to larvae and demonstrated their applicability for regulatory WET testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Scott
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
- Cove Environmental, 3400 W. Lakeview Rd. Stillwater, Oklahoma 74075, United States
| | - Shannon Mortensen
- Cove Environmental, 3400 W. Lakeview Rd. Stillwater, Oklahoma 74075, United States
| | - Matteo Minghetti
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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16
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Galeane MC, Gomes PC, Singulani JL, Mendes-Giannini MJ, Fusco-Almeida AM. Study of IsCT analogue peptide against Candida albicans and toxicity/teratogenicity in zebrafish embryos ( Danio rerio). Future Microbiol 2023; 18:939-947. [PMID: 37702001 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: An IsCT analogue peptide (PepM3) was designed based on structural studies of wasp mastoparans and tested against Candida albicans. Its effects on fungal cell membranes and toxicity were evaluated. Materials & methods: Antifungal activity was analyzed using a microdilution susceptibility test. Toxicity was assessed using human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) and zebrafish embryos. Results: PepM3 demonstrated activity against C. albicans and a synergistic effect with amphotericin B. The peptide presented fungicidal action with damage to the fungal cell membrane, low toxicity in HaCat cells and was nonteratogenic in zebrafish embryos. Conclusion: Evaluating structural modifications is essential for the development of new agents with potential activity against fungal pathogens and for the reduction of toxic and teratogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Galeane
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo C Gomes
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Junya L Singulani
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Js Mendes-Giannini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana M Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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17
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Greer JB, Dalsky EM, Lane RF, Hansen JD. Tire-Derived Transformation Product 6PPD-Quinone Induces Mortality and Transcriptionally Disrupts Vascular Permeability Pathways in Developing Coho Salmon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:10940-10950. [PMID: 37467138 PMCID: PMC10399305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Urban stormwater runoff frequently contains the car tire transformation product 6PPD-quinone, which is highly toxic to juvenile and adult coho salmon (Onchorychus kisutch). However, it is currently unclear if embryonic stages are impacted. We addressed this by exposing developing coho salmon embryos starting at the eyed stage to three concentrations of 6PPD-quinone twice weekly until hatch. Impacts on survival and growth were assessed. Further, whole-transcriptome sequencing was performed on recently hatched alevin to address the potential mechanism of 6PPD-quinone-induced toxicity. Acute mortality was not elicited in developing coho salmon embryos at environmentally measured concentrations lethal to juveniles and adults, however, growth was inhibited. Immediately after hatching, coho salmon were sensitive to 6PPD-quinone mortality, implicating a large window of juvenile vulnerability prior to smoltification. Molecularly, 6PPD-quinone induced dose-dependent effects that implicated broad dysregulation of genomic pathways governing cell-cell contacts and endothelial permeability. These pathways are consistent with previous observations of macromolecule accumulation in the brains of coho salmon exposed to 6PPD-quinone, implicating blood-brain barrier disruption as a potential pathway for toxicity. Overall, our data suggests that developing coho salmon exposed to 6PPD-quinone are at risk for adverse health events upon hatching while indicating potential mechanism(s) of action for this highly toxic chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B. Greer
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research
Center, Seattle, Washington 98115, United States
| | - Ellie M. Dalsky
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research
Center, Seattle, Washington 98115, United States
| | - Rachael F. Lane
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Kansas Water Science
Center, Lawrence, Kansas 66049, United States
| | - John D. Hansen
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research
Center, Seattle, Washington 98115, United States
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18
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Chen H, Chen J, Wu Y, Xie W, Jin L. A study on the mechanism of Indium phosphide/zinc sulfide core/shell quantum dots influencing embryo incubation of rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 261:106593. [PMID: 37327537 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) inhibit fish hatching, but the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, the effect of Indium phosphide/zinc sulfide quantum dots (InP/ZnS QDs) on the embryo incubation of rare minnow was investigated. Five experimental concentration groups were set up according to the preliminary experimental results, which were 0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 nM. A direct exposure method was adopted to expose embryos to InP/ZnS QDs solution. The results showed that InP/ZnS QDs significantly inhibited the embryo hatching rate, delayed embryo emergence, affected the expression of genes associated with hatching gland cells and hatching enzymes. InP/ZnS QDs also destroy the structure of the embryo chorion. In addition, QDs can cause oxidative stress in embryos. Transcriptional sequencing analysis showed that InP/ZnS QDs InP/ZnS QDs may have induced the production of a hypoxic environment and triggered induce abnormal cardiac muscle contraction, inflammatory response and apoptosis process in embryos. In conclusion, QDs influences embryo hatchability largely through egg chorion mediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yingyi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Weiwei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Li Jin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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19
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Connors KA, Arndt D, Rawlings JM, Brun Hansen AM, Lam MW, Sanderson H, Belanger SE. Environmental hazard of cationic polymers relevant in personal and consumer care products: A critical review. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2023; 19:312-325. [PMID: 35649733 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Historically, polymers have been excluded from registration and evaluation under the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) program, the European chemical management program. Recently, interest has increased to include polymers. A tiered registration system has been envisioned and would begin with classes of polymers of greater interest based on certain properties. Cationic polymers are one such class. There is a pressing need to understand the quality and limitations of historical cationic polymer studies and to identify key sources of uncertainty in environmental hazard assessments so we can move toward scientifically robust analyses. To that end, we performed a critical review of the existing cationic polymer environmental effects literature to evaluate polymer characterization and test methodologies to understand how these parameters may affect test interpretation. The relationship between physicochemical parameters, acute and chronic toxicity, and relative trophic level sensitivity were explored. To advance our understanding of the environmental hazard and subsequent risk characterization of cationic polymers, there is a clear need for a consistent testing approach as many polymers are characterized as difficult-to-test substances. Experimental parameters such as dissolved organic carbon and solution renewal approaches can alter cationic polymer bioavailability and toxicity. It is recommended that OECD TG 23 "Aqueous-Phase Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Test Substances" testing considerations be applied when conducting environmental toxicity assays with cationic polymers. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:312-325. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Devrah Arndt
- The Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Monica W Lam
- The Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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20
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von Wyl M, Könemann S, Vom Berg C. Different developmental insecticide exposure windows trigger distinct locomotor phenotypes in the early life stages of zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 317:137874. [PMID: 36646183 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to their extensive use and high biological activity, insecticides largely contribute to loss of biodiversity and environmental pollution. The regulation of insecticides by authorities is mainly focused on lethal concentrations. However, sub-lethal effects such as alterations in behavior and neurodevelopment can significantly affect the fitness of individual fish and their population dynamics and therefore deserve consideration. Moreover, it is important to understand the impact of exposure timing during development, about which there is currently a lack of relevant knowledge. Here, we investigated whether there are periods during neurodevelopment of fish, which are particularly vulnerable to insecticide exposure. Therefore, we exposed zebrafish embryos to six different insecticides with cholinergic mode of action for 24 h during different periods of neurodevelopment and measured locomotor output using an age-matched behavior assay. We used the organophosphates diazinon and dimethoate, the carbamates pirimicarb and methomyl as well as the neonicotinoids thiacloprid and imidacloprid because they are abundant in the environment and cholinergic signaling plays a major role during key processes of neurodevelopment. We found that early embryonic motor behaviors, as measured by spontaneous tail coiling, increased upon exposure to most insecticides, while later movements, measured through touch-evoked response and a light-dark transition assay, rather decreased for the same insecticides and exposure duration. Moreover, the observed effects were more pronounced when exposure windows were temporally closer to the performing of the respective behavioral assay. However, the measured behavioral effects recovered after a short period, indicating that none of the exposure windows chosen here are particularly critical, but rather that insecticides acutely interfere with neuronal function at all stages as long as they are present. Overall, our results contribute to a better understanding of risks posed by cholinergic insecticides to fish and provide an important basis for the development of safe regulations to improve environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa von Wyl
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Könemann
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; École Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne, EPFL, Route Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Colette Vom Berg
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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21
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Xu S, Chen F, Zhang H, Huang ZL, Li J, Wu D, Chen X. Development a high-throughput zebrafish embryo acute toxicity testing method based on OECD TG 236. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:104-112. [PMID: 35799369 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2099772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)Test Guideline (TG) 236 for zebrafish embryo acute toxicity testing was adopted for chemical toxicity assessment in 2013. Due to the increasing demand for prediction and evaluation of the acute toxicity using zebrafish embryos, we developed a method based on OECD 236 test guideline with the aim to improve the testing efficiency. We used 4-128 cell stage zebrafish embryos and performed an exposure assay in a 96-well microtiter plate, observing the lethality endpoints of embryos at 48-h postexposure. A total of 32 chemicals (two batches) were used in the comparison study. Our results indicated that the logarithmic LC50 (half lethal concentration) obtained by the modified method exhibited good correlation with that obtained by the OECD 236 testing method, and the R2 of the linear regression analysis was 0.9717 (0.9621 and 0.9936 for the two batches, respectively). Additionally, the intra- and inter-laboratory coefficient of variation (CVs) for the LC50 from the testing chemicals (17 chemicals in second batch) was less than 30%, except for CuSO4. Therefore, the developed method was less time-consuming and demonstrated a higher throughput for toxicity testing compared to the prior method. We argue the developed method could be used as an additional choice for high-throughput zebrafish embryo acute toxicity test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shisan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Fengyan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, PRC
| | - Zhen-Lie Huang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, China
| | - Desheng Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Xueping Chen
- Vitargent (International) Biotechnology Limited, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre for Biotech Big Data Research and Development, Research Institute of Tsinghua, Pearl River Delta, China
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22
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Scott J, Grewe R, Minghetti M. Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity Testing and the RTgill-W1 Cell Line as In Vitro Models for Whole-Effluent Toxicity (WET) Testing: An In Vitro/In Vivo Comparison of Chemicals Relevant for WET Testing. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2721-2731. [PMID: 35942926 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) test was compared to the fish gill cells (RTgill-W1) in vitro assay and to the fish larvae acute toxicity test to evaluate their sensitivity for whole-effluent toxicity (WET) testing. The toxicity of 12 chemicals relevant for WET testing was compared as proof of principle. The concentrations lethal to 50% of a population (LC50) of embryos were compared to those in fish larvae and to the 50% effect concentration (EC50) in RTgill-W1 cells from previous literature. Along with traditional FET endpoints (coagulation, somite development, tail detachment, and heartbeat), cardiotoxicity was evaluated for WET applicability. Heart rate was measured at LC20 and LC50 values of six subselected chemicals (Cd, Cu, Ni, ammonia, 3,4-dichloraniline, and benzalkonium chloride). In addition, the toxicity of Cd and Ni was evaluated in RTgill-W1 cells exposed in a hypoosmotic medium to evaluate the effect that osmolarity may have on metal toxicity. A significant correlation was found between the FET and larvae LC50 values but not between the RTgill-W1 EC50 and FET LC50 values. Although sensitivity to Ni and Cd was found to increase with hypoosmotic conditions for FET and RTgill-W1 cells, a correlation was only found with removal of Ni from the analysis. Hypoosmotic conditions increased sensitivity with a significant correlation between RTgill-W1 cells and larvae. Cardiotoxicity was shown in three of the five subselected chemicals (Cd, Cu, and 3,4-dichloroaniline). Overall, both in vitro alternative models have shown good predictability of toxicity in fish in vivo for WET chemicals of interest. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2721-2731. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Scott
- Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Cove Environmental, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Ryan Grewe
- Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Cove Environmental, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Matteo Minghetti
- Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
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23
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Rawlings JM, Belanger SE, Connors KA, Karb MJ, Thomas JB, Roush KS, Sanderson H. Understanding Ecotoxicological Responses of Fish Embryos and Gill Cells to Cationic Polymers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2259-2272. [PMID: 35703088 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cationic polymers are considered by the scientific and regulatory communities as a group of greater interest amongst the polymers in commerce. As a category, relatively little hazard information is available in the public literature. Very few examples exist of published, high-quality polymer characterization and quantification of exposure. In the present study we describe a series of fish embryo toxicity (FET) and fish gill cytotoxicity assays used to establish a baseline understanding of several representative polyquaternium categories (PQ-6, PQ-10, PQ-16) in animal alternative models, accompanied by high-quality analytical characterization. Materials were chosen to encompass a range of molecular weights and charge densities to determine the influence of test material characteristics on toxicity. Both chorionated and dechorionated FET assays were generally similar to published acute fish toxicity data. Toxicity was correlated with cationic polymer charge density, and not with molecular weight, and was a combination of physical effects and likely toxicity at the site of action. Toxicity could be ameliorated by humic acid in a dose-dependent manner. Fish gill cytotoxicity results were orders of magnitude less sensitive than FET test responses. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2259-2272. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane M Rawlings
- Global Product Stewardship, Environmental Stewardship and Sustainability, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott E Belanger
- Global Product Stewardship, Environmental Stewardship and Sustainability, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kristin A Connors
- Global Product Stewardship, Environmental Stewardship and Sustainability, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mike J Karb
- Corporate Functions Analytical, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jacqueline B Thomas
- Corporate Functions Analytical, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kyle S Roush
- Global Product Stewardship, Environmental Stewardship and Sustainability, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Hans Sanderson
- Department of Environmental Science, Section for Toxicology and Chemistry, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
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Chatzimitakos T, Chousidis I, Leonardos D, Stalikas C, Leonardos I. In the Swim of Cannabis: Developmental Toxicity and Metabolomic Pathway Alterations of Zebrafish Larvae Exposed to THC for the Assessment of Its Potential Environmental and Human Health Impact. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175506. [PMID: 36080275 PMCID: PMC9458094 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As the pharmacological properties and therapeutic applications of Cannabis sativa L. pace with the upsurge of interest of the scientific community in harnessing its constituent phytocannabinoids, illicit use may raise serious health issues. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is one of the most well-known phytoactive constituents of cannabis and continues to garner scientific and public attention not only because of its pharmacological value but also because over-the-counter products of THC and prescription medications are becoming increasingly available from pharmacies, dispensaries, Internet, local retail stores, or by illicit means. Hence, a multidimensional approach was employed to examine the impact of THC on zebrafish larvae. The acute toxicity, expressed as LC50, was 1.54 mg/L. Adverse effects were observed on the phenotype, such as tail bending, pericardial edema, etc., even at concentrations lower than LC50, and fundamental functions of larvae (e.g., heart rate and cardiac contractility, and rhythm) were significantly affected. Behavioral changes were noticed, which were reflected in locomotor activity and sensitivity to light/dark changes. Finally, an untargeted metabolomic study was carried out to shed light on the metabolic alterations that occurred, providing substantiating evidence of the observed phenotype alterations. Overall, the potentially detrimental effects of THC on a vertebrate model are depicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Chatzimitakos
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ieremias Chousidis
- Laboratory of Zoology, Biological Applications and Technology Department, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Constantine Stalikas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Ioannis Leonardos
- Laboratory of Zoology, Biological Applications and Technology Department, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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25
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Otterstrom JJ, Lubin A, Payne EM, Paran Y. Technologies bringing young Zebrafish from a niche field to the limelight. SLAS Technol 2022; 27:109-120. [PMID: 35058207 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental life science and pharmaceutical research are continually striving to provide physiologically relevant context for their biological studies. Zebrafish present an opportunity for high-content screening (HCS) to bring a true in vivo model system to screening studies. Zebrafish embryos and young larvae are an economical, human-relevant model organism that are amenable to both genetic engineering and modification, and direct inspection via microscopy. The use of these organisms entails unique challenges that new technologies are overcoming, including artificial intelligence (AI). In this perspective article, we describe the state-of-the-art in terms of automated sample handling, imaging, and data analysis with zebrafish during early developmental stages. We highlight advances in orienting the embryos, including the use of robots, microfluidics, and creative multi-well plate solutions. Analyzing the micrographs in a fast, reliable fashion that maintains the anatomical context of the fluorescently labeled cells is a crucial step. Existing software solutions range from AI-driven commercial solutions to bespoke analysis algorithms. Deep learning appears to be a critical tool that researchers are only beginning to apply, but already facilitates many automated steps in the experimental workflow. Currently, such work has permitted the cellular quantification of multiple cell types in vivo, including stem cell responses to stress and drugs, neuronal myelination and macrophage behavior during inflammation and infection. We evaluate pro and cons of proprietary versus open-source methodologies for combining technologies into fully automated workflows of zebrafish studies. Zebrafish are poised to charge into HCS with ever-greater presence, bringing a new level of physiological context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra Lubin
- Research Department of Hematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elspeth M Payne
- Research Department of Hematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
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von Hellfeld R, Pannetier P, Braunbeck T. Specificity of time- and dose-dependent morphological endpoints in the fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) test for substances with diverse modes of action: the search for a "fingerprint". ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:16176-16192. [PMID: 34643865 PMCID: PMC8827326 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16354-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) test with the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo according to OECD TG 236 was originally developed as an alternative test method for acute fish toxicity testing according to, e.g., OECD TG 203. Given the versatility of the protocol, however, the FET test has found application beyond acute toxicity testing as a common tool in environmental hazard and risk assessment. Whereas the standard OECD guideline is restricted to four core endpoints (coagulation as well as lack of somite formation, heartbeat, and tail detachment) for simple, rapid assessment of acute toxicity, further endpoints can easily be integrated into the FET test protocol. This has led to the hypothesis that an extended FET test might allow for the identification of different classes of toxicants via a "fingerprint" of morphological observations. To test this hypothesis, the present study investigated a set of 18 compounds with highly diverse modes of action with respect to acute and sublethal endpoints. Especially at higher concentrations, most observations proved toxicant-unspecific. With decreasing concentrations, however, observations declined in number, but gained in specificity. Specific observations may at best be made at test concentrations ≤ EC10. The existence of a "fingerprint" based on morphological observations in the FET is, therefore, highly unlikely in the range of acute toxicity, but cannot be excluded for experiments at sublethal concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca von Hellfeld
- Center for Organismal Studies, Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- University of Aberdeen, Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, 23 St Machar Drive, AB24 3UU, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Pauline Pannetier
- Center for Organismal Studies, Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Center for Organismal Studies, Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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27
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The presynaptic glycine transporter GlyT2 is regulated by the Hedgehog pathway in vitro and in vivo. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1197. [PMID: 34663888 PMCID: PMC8523746 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02718-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The identity of a glycinergic synapse is maintained presynaptically by the activity of a surface glycine transporter, GlyT2, which recaptures glycine back to presynaptic terminals to preserve vesicular glycine content. GlyT2 loss-of-function mutations cause Hyperekplexia, a rare neurological disease in which loss of glycinergic neurotransmission causes generalized stiffness and strong motor alterations. However, the molecular underpinnings controlling GlyT2 activity remain poorly understood. In this work, we identify the Hedgehog pathway as a robust controller of GlyT2 expression and transport activity. Modulating the activation state of the Hedgehog pathway in vitro in rodent primary spinal cord neurons or in vivo in zebrafish embryos induced a selective control in GlyT2 expression, regulating GlyT2 transport activity. Our results indicate that activation of Hedgehog reduces GlyT2 expression by increasing its ubiquitination and degradation. This work describes a new molecular link between the Hedgehog signaling pathway and presynaptic glycine availability. By modulating the activation state of the Hedgehog pathway, de la Rocha-Muñoz et al demonstrate that Hedgehog signaling controls the expression and transport activity of the neuronal glycine transporter GlyT2. This work begins to reveal a potential link between the Hedgehog signaling pathway and presynaptic glycine availability.
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Coral JA, Heaps S, Glaholt SP, Karty JA, Jacobson SC, Shaw JR, Bondesson M. Arsenic exposure induces a bimodal toxicity response in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117637. [PMID: 34182391 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In toxicology, standard sigmoidal concentration-response curves are used to predict effects concentrations and set chemical regulations. However, current literature also establishes the existence of complex, bimodal concentration-response curves, as is the case for arsenic toxicity. This bimodal response has been observed at the molecular level, but not characterized at the whole organism level. This study investigated the effect of arsenic (sodium arsenite) on post-gastrulated zebrafish embryos and elucidated effects of bimodal concentration-responses on different phenotypic perturbations. Six hour post fertilized (hpf) zebrafish embryos were exposed to arsenic to 96 hpf. Hatching success, mortality, and morphometric endpoints were evaluated both in embryos with chorions and dechorionated embryos. Zebrafish embryos exhibited a bimodal response to arsenic exposure. Concentration-response curves for exposed embryos with intact chorions had an initial peak in mortality (88%) at 1.33 mM arsenic, followed by a decrease in toxicity (~20% mortality) at 1.75 mM, and subsequently peaked to 100% mortality at higher concentrations. To account for the bimodal response, two distinct concentration-response curves were generated with estimated LC10 values (and 95% CI) of 0.462 (0.415, 0.508) mM and 1.69 (1.58, 1.78) mM for the 'low concentration' and 'high concentration' peaks, respectively. Other phenotypic analyses, including embryo length, yolk and pericardial edema all produced similar concentration-response patterns. Tests with dechorionated embryos also resulted in a bimodal toxicity response but with lower LC10 values of 0.170 (0.120, 0.220) mM and 0.800 (0.60, 0842) mM, respectively. Similarities in bimodal concentration-responses between with-chorion and dechorionated embryos indicate that the observed effect was not caused by the chorion limiting arsenic availability, thus lending support to other studies such as those that hypothesized a conserved bimodal mechanism of arsenic interference with nuclear receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Coral
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Samuel Heaps
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Stephen P Glaholt
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jonathan A Karty
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | - Joseph R Shaw
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Maria Bondesson
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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29
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Driscoll J, Yan IK, Angom RS, Moirangthem A, Patel T. Evaluation of In Vivo Toxicity of Biological Nanoparticles. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e249. [PMID: 34542934 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Biologically derived nanoparticles such as extracellular vesicles are promising candidates for therapeutic applications. In vivo toxicity of biological nanoparticles can result in tissue or organ damage, immunological perturbations, or developmental effects but cannot be readily predicted from in vitro studies. Therefore, an essential component of the preclinical assessment of these particles for their use as therapeutics requires screening for adverse effects and detailed characterization of their toxicity in vivo. However, there are no standardized, comprehensive methods to evaluate the toxicity profile of nanoparticle treatment in a preclinical model. Here, we first describe a method to prepare bovine milk-derived nanovesicles (MNVs). These MNVs are inexpensive to isolate, have a scalable production platform, and can be modified to achieve a desired biological effect. We also describe two vertebrate animal models, mice and zebrafish, that can be employed to evaluate the toxicity profile of biologically derived nanoparticles, using MNVs as an example. Treatment-induced organ toxicity and immunological effects can be assessed in mice receiving systemic injections of MNVs, and developmental toxicity can be assessed in zebrafish embryos exposed to MNVs in embryo water. Utilizing these animal models provides opportunities to analyze the toxicity profiles of therapeutic extracellular vesicles in vivo. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of milk-derived nanovesicles Basic Protocol 2: In vivo screening for organ toxicity and immune cell profiling using mice Basic Protocol 3: In vivo developmental toxicity screening using zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Driscoll
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Irene K Yan
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Ramcharan Singh Angom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Tushar Patel
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
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Lackmann C, Brendt J, Seiler TB, Hermann A, Metz A, Schäfer PM, Herres-Pawlis S, Hollert H. The Green toxicology approach: Insight towards the eco-toxicologically safe development of benign catalysts. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125889. [PMID: 34492827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Green toxicology is a novel approach increasingly applied for the development of materials and chemicals that are more benign to the environment and human health than their conventional counterparts. It includes predictive eco-toxicological assessments of chemicals during the early developmental process to exclude adverse effects. In the present study, two guanidine zinc catalysts for the ring-opening polymerization of lactide were investigated using eco-toxicological tools. Namely, the fish embryo toxicity assay for teratogenic effects, the ER (α) CALUX assay for endocrine activity and the Ames fluctuation assay for mutagenic potential were applied. Both complexes showed no endocrine activity, mutagenicity or acute aquatic toxicity, however a delayed hatch could be observed, therefore suggesting potential effects on a molecular level. This proof-of-concept study aims to assess the toxicity of guanidine zinc catalysts and is a first step towards the incorporation of toxicological assessments into chemical developmental processes to achieve a sustainable and safe production of catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Lackmann
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Brendt
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas-Benjamin Seiler
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Hygiene-Institut des Ruhrgebiets, Rotthauser Str. 21, 45879 Gelsenkirchen, Germany
| | - Alina Hermann
- Chair of Bioinorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Angela Metz
- Chair of Bioinorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Pascal M Schäfer
- Chair of Bioinorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sonja Herres-Pawlis
- Chair of Bioinorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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31
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Hasanpour S, Eagderi S, Poorbagher H, Angrand PO, Hasanpour M, Lashkarbolok M. The effect of Activin pathway modulation on the expression of both pluripotency and differentiation markers during early zebrafish development compared with other vertebrates. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2021; 336:562-575. [PMID: 34254429 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Activin-like factors control many developmental processes, including pluripotency maintenance and differentiation. Although Activin-like factors' action in mesendoderm induction has been demonstrated in zebrafish, their involvement in preserving the stemness remains unknown. To investigate the role of maternal Activin-like factors, their effects were promoted or blocked using synthetic human Activin A or SB-431542 treatments respectively until the maternal to zygotic transition. To study the role of zygotic Activin-like factors, SB-431542 treatment was also applied after the maternal to zygotic transition. The effect of the pharmacological modulations of the Activin/Smad pathway was then studied on the mRNA expressions of the ndr1, ndr2, tbxta (no tail/ntl) as the differentiation index, mych, nanog, and oct4 (pou5f3) as the pluripotency markers of the zebrafish embryonic cells as well as sox17 as a definitive endoderm marker. Expression of the target genes was measured at the 16-cell, 256-cell, 1K-cell, oblong, dome, and shield stages using the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Activation of the maternal Activin signaling pathway led to an increase in zygotic expression of the tbxta, particularly marked at the oblong stage. In other words, promotion of the maternal Activin/Smad pathway induced differentiation by advancing the major peaks of ndr1 and nanog, thereby eliciting tbxta expression. Whereas suppression of the maternal or zygotic Activin/Smad pathway sustained the pluripotency by preventing the major peaks of ndr1 and nanog as well as tbxta encoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Hasanpour
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.,Development and Biosystematic Lab., Department of Fisheries and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Soheil Eagderi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hadi Poorbagher
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Pierre-Olivier Angrand
- Univ Lille, CNRS UMR 9020, Inserm UMR-S 1277, CHU Lille, Centre Oscar Lambret, UMR Canther-Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Mohammad Hasanpour
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Lashkarbolok
- Department of Radiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Guarin M, Ny A, De Croze N, Maes J, Léonard M, Annaert P, de Witte PAM. Pharmacokinetics in Zebrafish Embryos (ZFE) Following Immersion and Intrayolk Administration: A Fluorescence-Based Analysis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060576. [PMID: 34208572 PMCID: PMC8234359 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish embryos (ZFE) have increasingly gained in popularity as a model to perform safety screenings of compounds. Although immersion of ZFE is the main route of exposure used, evidence shows that not all small molecules are equally absorbed, possibly resulting in false-negative readouts and incorrect conclusions. In this study, we compared the pharmacokinetics of seven fluorescent compounds with known physicochemical properties that were administered to two-cell stage embryos by immersion or by IY microinjection. Absorption and distribution of the dyes were followed at various timepoints up to 120 hpf by spatiotemporal fluorescence imaging. The concentration (10 µM) and dose (2 mg/kg) used were selected as quantities typically applied in preclinical experiments and zebrafish studies. The data show that in the case of a lipophilic compound (log D: 1.73) the immersion procedure resulted in an intrabody exposure which is similar or higher than that seen after the IY microinjection. In contrast, zero to low intrabody exposure was reached after immersion of the embryos with less lipophilic compounds. In the latter case IY microinjection, a technical procedure that can be easily automated, is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlly Guarin
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.G.); (A.N.); (J.M.)
| | - Annelii Ny
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.G.); (A.N.); (J.M.)
| | - Noémie De Croze
- L’Oréal Research & Innovation, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France; (N.D.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Jan Maes
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.G.); (A.N.); (J.M.)
| | - Marc Léonard
- L’Oréal Research & Innovation, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France; (N.D.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Pieter Annaert
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (P.A.M.d.W.)
| | - Peter A. M. de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.G.); (A.N.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (P.A.M.d.W.)
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Dubińska-Magiera M, Migocka-Patrzałek M, Lewandowski D, Daczewska M, Jagla K. Zebrafish as a Model for the Study of Lipid-Lowering Drug-Induced Myopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5654. [PMID: 34073503 PMCID: PMC8198905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced myopathies are classified as acquired myopathies caused by exogenous factors. These pathological conditions develop in patients without muscle disease and are triggered by a variety of medicaments, including lipid-lowering drugs (LLDs) such as statins, fibrates, and ezetimibe. Here we summarise the current knowledge gained via studies conducted using various models, such as cell lines and mammalian models, and compare them with the results obtained in zebrafish (Danio rerio) studies. Zebrafish have proven to be an excellent research tool for studying dyslipidaemias as a model of these pathological conditions. This system enables in-vivo characterization of drug and gene candidates to further the understanding of disease aetiology and develop new therapeutic strategies. Our review also considers important environmental issues arising from the indiscriminate use of LLDs worldwide. The widespread use and importance of drugs such as statins and fibrates justify the need for the meticulous study of their mechanism of action and the side effects they cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Dubińska-Magiera
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland; (M.D.-M.); (M.M.-P.); (D.L.)
| | - Marta Migocka-Patrzałek
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland; (M.D.-M.); (M.M.-P.); (D.L.)
| | - Damian Lewandowski
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland; (M.D.-M.); (M.M.-P.); (D.L.)
| | - Małgorzata Daczewska
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland; (M.D.-M.); (M.M.-P.); (D.L.)
| | - Krzysztof Jagla
- Genetics Reproduction and Development Institute (iGReD), INSERM 1103, CNRS 6293, University of Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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34
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β-Glucans as Dietary Supplement to Improve Locomotion and Mitochondrial Respiration in a Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051619. [PMID: 34065946 PMCID: PMC8151547 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe X-linked neuromuscular childhood disorder that causes progressive muscle weakness and degeneration. A lack of dystrophin in DMD leads to inflammatory response, autophagic dysregulation, and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle fibers that play a key role in the progression of the pathology. β-glucans can modulate immune function by modifying the phagocytic activity of immunocompetent cells, notably macrophages. Mitochondrial function is also involved in an important mechanism of the innate and adaptive immune responses, owing to high need for energy of immune cells. In the present study, the effects of 1,3-1,6 β-glucans on five-day-old non-dystrophic and dystrophic (sapje) zebrafish larvae were investigated. The effects of the sonication of β-glucans and the dechorionation of embryos were also evaluated. The results showed that the incidence of dystrophic phenotypes was reduced when dystrophic embryos were exposed to 2 and 4 mg L-1 of 1,3-1,6 β-glucans. Moreover, when the dystrophic larvae underwent 8 mg L-1 treatment, an improvement of the locomotor performances and mitochondrial respiration were observed. In conclusion, the observed results demonstrated that 1,3-1,6 β-glucans improve locomotor performances and mitochondrial function in dystrophic zebrafish. Therefore, for ameliorating their life quality, 1,3-1,6 β-glucans look like a promising diet supplement for DMD patients, even though further investigations are required.
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Noh JH, Park JW, Choi S, Kim S, Maeng SK. Effects of powdered activated carbon and calcium on trihalomethane toxicity of zebrafish embryos and larvae in hybrid membrane bioreactors. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124530. [PMID: 33243649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of powdered activated carbon and calcium on trihalomethane toxicity in zebrafish embryos and larvae in hybrid membrane bioreactors. Two hybrid membrane bioreactors were configured with the addition of powdered activated carbon or calcium to reduce the trihalomethane formation potential. Trihalomethane formation decreased by approximately 37.2% and 30.3% in membrane bioreactor-powdered activated carbon and membrane bioreactor-calcium, respectively. Additionally, the toxic effect of trihalomethane formation was examined on zebrafish embryos and larvae. About 35% of the embryos exposed to trihalomethanes (800 ppb) showed signs of deformation, with the majority displaying coagulation within 24 h after exposure. Color preference tests, which were conducted to identify any abnormal activities of the embryos, showed an increase in preference from short to longer wavelengths upon exposure to high levels of trihalomethanes. This may indicate damage to the optical organs in zebrafish when exposed to trihalomethanes. Behavioral analysis showed reduced mobility of zebrafish larvae under different trihalomethane concentrations, indicating a decrease in the average activity time with an increasing trihalomethane concentration. The membrane bioreactor effluents were toxic to zebrafish embryos and larvae in the presence of high trihalomethane concentrations. To understand the mechanism behind trihalomethane toxicity, further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyung Noh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdongro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdongro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohoon Choi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungnam University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungpyo Kim
- Bio Monitoring Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, Chungnam 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Maeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdongro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
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Baskaran SM, Zakaria MR, Mukhlis Ahmad Sabri AS, Mohamed MS, Wasoh H, Toshinari M, Hassan MA, Banat IM. Valorization of biodiesel side stream waste glycerol for rhamnolipids production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa RS6. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 276:116742. [PMID: 33621735 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel side stream waste glycerol was identified as a cheap carbon source for rhamnolipids (RLs) production which at the same time could improve the management of waste. The present study aimed to produce RLs by using Pseudomonas aeruginosa RS6 utilizing waste glycerol as a substrate and to evaluate their physico-chemicals properties. Fermentation conditions such as temperature, initial medium pH, waste glycerol concentration, nitrogen sources and concentrations resulted in different compositions of the mono- and di-RLs produced. The maximum RLs production of 2.73 g/L was obtained when P. aeruginosa RS6 was grown in a basal salt medium supplemented with 1% waste glycerol and 0.2 M sodium nitrate at 35 °C and pH 6.5. At optimal fermentation conditions, the emulsification index (E24) values of cooking oil, diesel oil, benzene, olive oil, petroleum, and kerosene were all above E24=50%. The surface tension reduction obtained from 72.13 mN/m to 29.4-30.4 mN/m was better than the surface activity of some chemical-based surfactants. The RLs produced possessed antimicrobial activities against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria with values ranging from 37% to 77% of growth inhibition when 1 mg/mL of RLs was used. Concentrations of RLs below 1500 μg/mL did not induce phytotoxicity effects on the tested seeds (Vigna radiata) compared to the chemical-based- surfactant, SDS. Furthermore, RLs tested on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos only exhibited low acute toxicity with an LC50 value of 72.97 μg/mL at 48 h of exposure suggesting a green and eco-biochemical worthy of future applications to replace chemical-based surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobanah Menon Baskaran
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rafein Zakaria
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Processing and Product Development, Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Syafiq Mukhlis Ahmad Sabri
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shamzi Mohamed
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Helmi Wasoh
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maeda Toshinari
- Department of Biological Functions Engineering, Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan
| | - Mohd Ali Hassan
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Processing and Product Development, Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim M Banat
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
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Migocka-Patrzałek M, Elias M. Muscle Glycogen Phosphorylase and Its Functional Partners in Health and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040883. [PMID: 33924466 PMCID: PMC8070155 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen phosphorylase (PG) is a key enzyme taking part in the first step of glycogenolysis. Muscle glycogen phosphorylase (PYGM) differs from other PG isoforms in expression pattern and biochemical properties. The main role of PYGM is providing sufficient energy for muscle contraction. However, it is expressed in tissues other than muscle, such as the brain, lymphoid tissues, and blood. PYGM is important not only in glycogen metabolism, but also in such diverse processes as the insulin and glucagon signaling pathway, insulin resistance, necroptosis, immune response, and phototransduction. PYGM is implicated in several pathological states, such as muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency (McArdle disease), schizophrenia, and cancer. Here we attempt to analyze the available data regarding the protein partners of PYGM to shed light on its possible interactions and functions. We also underline the potential for zebrafish to become a convenient and applicable model to study PYGM functions, especially because of its unique features that can complement data obtained from other approaches.
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Sultana Z, Khan MM, Mostakim GM, Moniruzzaman M, Rahman MK, Shahjahan M, Islam MS. Studying the effects of profenofos, an endocrine disruptor, on organogenesis of zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:20659-20667. [PMID: 33405136 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11944-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Profenofos is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that can enter into the aquatic ecosystem either through surface runoff or through percolation of a toxicant from the soil. In order to clarify the effect of profenofos on the developmental stages of zebrafish, the embryos were treated with serial dilutions of profenofos (0%, 10%, 25%, and 50% of LC50). Embryos were treated with profenofos for 7 days or until hatching. The toxic endpoints assessed include hatching time, survival, malformation, and heartbeats of the embryos. In a 96-h test on zebrafish embryos, the LC50 of profenofos was 0.057 mg/L. Profenofos considerably lowered survival, increased abnormalities at different ontogenetic stages, and developed malformations of different organs in a concentration-dependent fashion. The identified developmental malformations were fluid accumulation, impaired jaw, short tail, ruptured pectoral and caudal fin, curved body, thin yolk sac tube, and deformed heart. The way of looping arrangement of the heart at the early stage of embryos was significantly influenced by the higher concentration of profenofos. Heartbeat is also reduced significantly in a concentration-dependent fashion. The results show that the zebrafish are susceptible to profenofos even at lower concentrations in the initial stage. Therefore, when used in agricultural areas adjacent to the aquatic environment, endocrine-disrupting chemicals should be used in an appropriate manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakia Sultana
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Mansura Khan
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Golam Mohammod Mostakim
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Moniruzzaman
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Khalilur Rahman
- Freshwater Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI), Mymensingh, 2201, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahjahan
- Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - M Sadiqul Islam
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
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Wlodkowic D, Campana O. Toward High-Throughput Fish Embryo Toxicity Tests in Aquatic Toxicology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:3505-3513. [PMID: 33656853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Addressing the shift from classical animal testing to high-throughput in vitro and/or simplified in vivo proxy models has been defined as one of the upcoming challenges in aquatic toxicology. In this regard, the fish embryo toxicity test (FET) has gained significant popularity and wide standardization as one of the sensitive alternative approaches to acute fish toxicity tests in chemical risk assessment and water quality evaluation. Nevertheless, despite the growing regulatory acceptance, the actual manipulation, dispensing, and analysis of living fish embryos remains very labor intensive. Moreover, the FET is commonly performed in plastic multiwell plates under static or semistatic conditions, potentially inadequate for toxicity assessment of some organic, easily degradable or highly adsorptive toxicants. Recent technological advances in the field of mechatronics, fluidics and digital vision systems demonstrate promising future opportunities for automation of many analytical stages in embryo toxicity testing. In this review, we highlight emerging advances in fluidic and laboratory automation systems that can prospectively enable high-throughput FET testing (HT-FET) akin to pipelines commonly found in in vitro drug discovery pipelines. We also outline the existing challenges, barriers to future development and provide an outlook of ground-breaking fluidic technologies in embryo toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Wlodkowic
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Olivia Campana
- University of Cadiz, INMAR, Puerto Real, Cadiz 11512, Spain
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Lovrić M, Malev O, Klobučar G, Kern R, Liu JJ, Lučić B. Predictive Capability of QSAR Models Based on the CompTox Zebrafish Embryo Assays: An Imbalanced Classification Problem. Molecules 2021; 26:1617. [PMID: 33803931 PMCID: PMC7998177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The CompTox Chemistry Dashboard (ToxCast) contains one of the largest public databases on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) developmental toxicity. The data consists of 19 toxicological endpoints on unique 1018 compounds measured in relatively low concentration ranges. The endpoints are related to developmental effects occurring in dechorionated zebrafish embryos for 120 hours post fertilization and monitored via gross malformations and mortality. We report the predictive capability of 209 quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models developed by machine learning methods using penalization techniques and diverse model quality metrics to cope with the imbalanced endpoints. All these QSAR models were generated to test how the imbalanced classification (toxic or non-toxic) endpoints could be predicted regardless which of three algorithms is used: logistic regression, multi-layer perceptron, or random forests. Additionally, QSAR toxicity models are developed starting from sets of classical molecular descriptors, structural fingerprints and their combinations. Only 8 out of 209 models passed the 0.20 Matthew's correlation coefficient value defined a priori as a threshold for acceptable model quality on the test sets. The best models were obtained for endpoints mortality (MORT), ActivityScore and JAW (deformation). The low predictability of the QSAR model developed from the zebrafish embryotoxicity data in the database is mainly due to a higher sensitivity of 19 measurements of endpoints carried out on dechorionated embryos at low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Lovrić
- Know-Center, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.L.); (R.K.)
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, P.O. Box 180, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Olga Malev
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, P.O. Box 180, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Göran Klobučar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Roman Kern
- Know-Center, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.L.); (R.K.)
- Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science, TU Graz, Inffeldgasse 16c, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jay J. Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-739, Korea
| | - Bono Lučić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, P.O. Box 180, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Adenan MNH, Yazan LS, Christianus A, Md Hashim NF, Mohd Noor S, Shamsudin S, Ahmad Bahri FJ, Abdul Rahim K. Radioprotective Effects of Kelulut Honey in Zebrafish Model. Molecules 2021; 26:1557. [PMID: 33809054 PMCID: PMC8000245 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Large doses of ionizing radiation can damage human tissues. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the radiation effects as well as identify effective and non-toxic radioprotectors. This study evaluated the radioprotective effects of Kelulut honey (KH) from stingless bee (Trigona sp.) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Viable zebrafish embryos at 24 hpf were dechorionated and divided into four groups, namely untreated and non-irradiated, untreated and irradiated, KH pre-treatment and amifostine pre-treatment. The embryos were first treated with KH (8 mg/mL) or amifostine (4 mM) before irradiation at doses of 11 Gy to 20 Gy using gamma ray source, caesium-137 (137Cs). Lethality and abnormality analysis were performed on all of the embryos in the study. Immunohistochemistry assay was also performed using selected proteins, namely γ-H2AX and caspase-3, to investigate DNA damages and incidences of apoptosis. KH was found to reduce coagulation effects at up to 20 Gy in the lethality analysis. The embryos developed combinations of abnormality, namely microphthalmia (M), body curvature and microphthalmia (BM), body curvature with microphthalmia and microcephaly (BMC), microphthalmia and pericardial oedema (MO), pericardial oedema (O), microphthalmia with microcephaly and pericardial oedema (MCO) and all of the abnormalities (AA). There were more abnormalities developed from 24 to 72 h (h) post-irradiation in all groups. At 96 h post-irradiation, KH was identified to reduce body curvature effect in the irradiated embryos (up to 16 Gy). γ-H2AX and caspase-3 intensities in the embryos pre-treated with KH were also found to be lower than the untreated group at gamma irradiation doses of 11 Gy to 20 Gy and 11 Gy to 19 Gy, respectively. KH was proven to increase the survival rate of zebrafish embryos and exhibited protection against organ-specific abnormality. KH was also found to possess cellular protective mechanism by reducing DNA damage and apoptosis proteins expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Noor Hidayat Adenan
- Agrotechnology and Biosciences Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, Kajang 43000, Malaysia; (M.N.H.A.); (S.S.); (K.A.R.)
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.C.); (F.J.A.B.)
| | - Latifah Saiful Yazan
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.C.); (F.J.A.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Annie Christianus
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.C.); (F.J.A.B.)
| | - Nur Fariesha Md Hashim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Suzita Mohd Noor
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Shuhaimi Shamsudin
- Agrotechnology and Biosciences Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, Kajang 43000, Malaysia; (M.N.H.A.); (S.S.); (K.A.R.)
| | - Farah Jehan Ahmad Bahri
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.C.); (F.J.A.B.)
| | - Khairuddin Abdul Rahim
- Agrotechnology and Biosciences Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, Kajang 43000, Malaysia; (M.N.H.A.); (S.S.); (K.A.R.)
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García-González J, de Quadros B, Havelange W, Brock AJ, Brennan CH. Behavioral Effects of Developmental Exposure to JWH-018 in Wild-Type and Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 ( disc1) Mutant Zebrafish. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020319. [PMID: 33669793 PMCID: PMC7922669 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoids can cause acute adverse psychological effects, but the potential impact when exposure happens before birth is unknown. Use of synthetic cannabinoids during pregnancy may affect fetal brain development, and such effects could be moderated by the genetic makeup of an individual. Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is a gene with important roles in neurodevelopment that has been associated with psychiatric disorders in pedigree analyses. Using zebrafish as a model, we investigated (1) the behavioral impact of developmental exposure to 3 μM 1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)-indole (JWH-018; a common psychoactive synthetic cannabinoid) and (2) whether disc1 moderates the effects of JWH-018. As altered anxiety responses are seen in several psychiatric disorders, we focused on zebrafish anxiety-like behavior. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to JWH-018 from one to six days post-fertilization. Anxiety-like behavior was assessed using forced light/dark and acoustic startle assays in larvae and novel tank diving in adults. Compared to controls, both acutely and developmentally exposed zebrafish larvae had impaired locomotion during the forced light/dark test, but anxiety levels and response to startle stimuli were unaltered. Adult zebrafish developmentally exposed to JWH-018 spent less time on the bottom of the tank, suggesting decreased anxiety. Loss-of-function in disc1 increased anxiety-like behavior in the tank diving assay but did not alter sensitivity to JWH-018. Results suggest developmental exposure to JWH-018 has a long-term behavioral impact in zebrafish, which is not moderated by disc1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit García-González
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (J.G.-G.); (B.d.Q.); (W.H.)
| | - Bruno de Quadros
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (J.G.-G.); (B.d.Q.); (W.H.)
| | - William Havelange
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (J.G.-G.); (B.d.Q.); (W.H.)
| | | | - Caroline H. Brennan
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (J.G.-G.); (B.d.Q.); (W.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Chen C, Gu Y, Philippe J, Zhang P, Bachman H, Zhang J, Mai J, Rufo J, Rawls JF, Davis EE, Katsanis N, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic rotational tweezing enables high-speed contactless morphological phenotyping of zebrafish larvae. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1118. [PMID: 33602914 PMCID: PMC7892888 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern biomedical research and preclinical pharmaceutical development rely heavily on the phenotyping of small vertebrate models for various diseases prior to human testing. In this article, we demonstrate an acoustofluidic rotational tweezing platform that enables contactless, high-speed, 3D multispectral imaging and digital reconstruction of zebrafish larvae for quantitative phenotypic analysis. The acoustic-induced polarized vortex streaming achieves contactless and rapid (~1 s/rotation) rotation of zebrafish larvae. This enables multispectral imaging of the zebrafish body and internal organs from different viewing perspectives. Moreover, we develop a 3D reconstruction pipeline that yields accurate 3D models based on the multi-view images for quantitative evaluation of basic morphological characteristics and advanced combinations of metrics. With its contactless nature and advantages in speed and automation, our acoustofluidic rotational tweezing system has the potential to be a valuable asset in numerous fields, especially for developmental biology, small molecule screening in biochemistry, and pre-clinical drug development in pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yuyang Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Julien Philippe
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Peiran Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jinxin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John Mai
- Alfred E. Mann Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Rufo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John F Rawls
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Erica E Davis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Advanced Center for Translational and Genetic Medicine (ACT-GeM), Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Advanced Center for Translational and Genetic Medicine (ACT-GeM), Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Lenis-Rojas OA, Robalo MP, Tomaz AI, Fernandes AR, Roma-Rodrigues C, Teixeira RG, Marques F, Folgueira M, Yáñez J, Gonzalez AA, Salamini-Montemurri M, Pech-Puch D, Vázquez-García D, Torres ML, Fernández A, Fernández JJ. Half-Sandwich Ru( p-cymene) Compounds with Diphosphanes: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation As Potential Anticancer Metallodrugs. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:2914-2930. [PMID: 33570919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium(II) complexes are currently considered attractive alternatives to the widely used platinum-based drugs. We present herein the synthesis and characterization of half-sandwich ruthenium compounds formulated as [Ru(p-cymene)(L)Cl][CF3SO3] (L = 1,1-bis(methylenediphenylphosphano)ethylene, 1; L = 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphano)ethylene, 2), which were characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, 1H and 31P{1H} NMR, UV-vis and IR spectroscopy, conductivity measurements and cyclic voltammetry. The molecular structures for both complexes were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Their cytotoxic activity was evaluated using the MTT assay against human tumor cells, namely ovarian (A2780) and breast (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231). Both complexes were active against breast adenocarcinoma cells, with complex 1 exhibiting a quite remarkable cytotoxicity in the submicromolar range. Interestingly, at concentrations equivalent to the IC50 values in the MCF7 cancer cells, complexes 1 and 2 presented lower cytotoxicity in normal human primary fibroblasts. The antiproliferative effects of 1 and 2 in MCF7 cells might be associated with the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to a combined cell death mechanism via apoptosis and autophagy. Despite the fact that in vitro a partial intercalation between complexes and DNA was observed, no MCF7 cell cycle delay or arrest was observed, indicating that DNA might not be a direct target. Complexes 1 and 2 both exhibited a moderate to strong interaction with human serum albumin, suggesting that protein targets may be involved in their mode of action. Their acute toxicity was evaluated in the zebrafish model. Complex 1 (the most toxic of the two) exhibited a lethal toxicity LC50 value about 1 order of magnitude higher than any IC50 concentrations found for the cancer cell models used, highlighting its therapeutic relevance as a drug candidate in cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar A Lenis-Rojas
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, ITQB, Av. da República, EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - M Paula Robalo
- Área Departamental de Engenharia Química, ISEL-Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal.,Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Tomaz
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1049-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandra R Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Catarina Roma-Rodrigues
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ricardo G Teixeira
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1049-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologías Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, E.N. 10 (km 139.7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Mónica Folgueira
- Neurover Group, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Department of Biology, Universidade da Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1 6BT, U.K
| | - Julián Yáñez
- Neurover Group, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Department of Biology, Universidade da Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Anabel Alba Gonzalez
- Neurover Group, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Department of Biology, Universidade da Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Martín Salamini-Montemurri
- Neurover Group, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Department of Biology, Universidade da Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Dawrin Pech-Puch
- Departamento de Química & Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km. 15.5, carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, A.P. 4-116 Itzimná, C.P. 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Digna Vázquez-García
- Departamento de Química & Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Margarita López Torres
- Departamento de Química & Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández
- Departamento de Química & Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jesús J Fernández
- Departamento de Química & Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
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Rastogi A, Timme-Laragy AR. Using Monochlorobimane to Visualize Glutathione Utilization in the Developing Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryo. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e124. [PMID: 33555621 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) plays fundamental roles in cellular redox buffering and is a common detoxification pathway for excretion of xenobiotics. This is especially crucial during vertebrate embryogenesis, when an organism is at one of its most vulnerable life stages. Importantly, GSH content and redox potential can dictate cell fate decisions, which can have profound consequences if altered by early life xenobiotic exposures. Owing to technical limitations, the best available method to detect and quantify changes in GSH has been high-pressure liquid chromatography, a terminal method that prevents suborganism-level resolution of these changes in developing embryos. Here, we describe a protocol that leverages the transparent nature of zebrafish embryos and the compatibility of monochlorobimane with the zebrafish GSH-S-transferase enzymes, to allow for the visualization of changes in GSH via S-glutathionylation in a live, developing embryo. This method can find broad application in developmental biology and toxicology. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archit Rastogi
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Alicia R Timme-Laragy
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
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de Medeiros AMZ, Khan LU, da Silva GH, Ospina CA, Alves OL, de Castro VL, Martinez DST. Graphene oxide-silver nanoparticle hybrid material: an integrated nanosafety study in zebrafish embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111776. [PMID: 33341698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This work reports an integrated nanosafety study including the synthesis and characterization of the graphene oxide-silver nanoparticle hybrid material (GO-AgNPs) and its nano-ecotoxicity evaluation in the zebrafish embryo model. The influences of natural organic matter (NOM) and a chorion embryo membrane were considered in this study, looking towards more environmentally realistic scenarios and standardized nanotoxicity testing. The nanohybrid was successfully synthesized using the NaBH4 aqueous method, and AgNPs (~ 5.8 nm) were evenly distributed over the GO surface. GO-AgNPs showed a dose-response acute toxicity: the LC50 was 1.5 mg L-1 for chorionated embryos. The removal of chorion, however, increased this toxic effect by 50%. Furthermore, the presence of NOM mitigated mortality, and LC50 for GO-AgNPs changed respectively from 2.3 to 1.2 mg L-1 for chorionated and de-chorionated embryos. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the ingestion of GO by embryos; but without displaying acute toxicity up to 100 mg L-1, indicating that the silver drove toxicity down. Additionally, it was observed that silver nanoparticle dissolution has a minimal effect on these observed toxicity results. Finally, understanding the influence of chorion membranes and NOM is a critical step towards the standardization of testing for zebrafish embryo toxicity in safety assessments and regulatory issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline M Z de Medeiros
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratoy (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil; Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo State, Brazil; Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Environment), Jaguariúna, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Latif U Khan
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratoy (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Gabriela H da Silva
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratoy (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Ospina
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratoy (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo L Alves
- Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry (LQES) and NanoBioss Laboratory, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia de Castro
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Environment), Jaguariúna, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Diego Stéfani T Martinez
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratoy (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil; Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo State, Brazil; Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry (LQES) and NanoBioss Laboratory, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil.
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47
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Shankar P, Dashner-Titus EJ, Truong L, Hayward K, Hudson LG, Tanguay RL. Developmental toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to uranium: A comparison with lead, cadmium, and iron. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116097. [PMID: 33246768 PMCID: PMC7785642 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Populations of plants and animals, including humans, living in close proximity to abandoned uranium mine sites are vulnerable to uranium exposure through drainage into nearby waterways, soil accumulation, and blowing dust from surface soils. Little is known about how the environmental impact of uranium exposure alters the health of human populations in proximity to mine sites, so we used developmental zebrafish (Danio rerio) to investigate uranium toxicity. Fish are a sensitive target for modeling uranium toxicity, and previous studies report altered reproductive capacity, enhanced DNA damage, and gene expression changes in fish exposed to uranium. In our study, dechorionated zebrafish embryos were exposed to a concentration range of uranyl acetate (UA) from 0 to 3000 μg/L for body burden measurements and developmental toxicity assessments. Uranium was taken up in a concentration-dependent manner by 48 and 120 h post fertilization (hpf)-zebrafish without evidence of bioaccumulation. Exposure to UA was not associated with teratogenic outcomes or 24 hpf behavioral effects, but larvae at 120 hpf exhibited a significant hypoactive photomotor response associated with exposure to 3 μg/L UA which suggested potential neurotoxicity. To our knowledge, this is the first time that uranium has been associated with behavioral effects in an aquatic organism. These results were compared to potential metal co-contaminants using the same exposure paradigm. Similar to uranium exposure, lead, cadmium, and iron significantly altered neurobehavioral outcomes in 120-hpf zebrafish without inducing significant teratogenicity. Our study informs concerns about the potential impacts of developmental exposure to uranium on childhood neurobehavioral outcomes. This work also sets the stage for future, environmentally relevant metal mixture studies. Summary Uranium exposure to developing zebrafish causes hypoactive larval swimming behavior similar to the effect of other commonly occurring metals in uranium mine sites. This is the first time that uranium exposure has been associated with altered neurobehavioral effects in any aquatic organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prarthana Shankar
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Erica J Dashner-Titus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Lisa Truong
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Kimberly Hayward
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Laurie G Hudson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Robyn L Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
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48
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Borah P, Hazarika S, Deka S, Venugopala KN, Nair AB, Attimarad M, Sreeharsha N, Mailavaram RP. Application of Advanced Technologies in Natural Product Research: A Review with Special Emphasis on ADMET Profiling. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 21:751-767. [PMID: 32664837 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200714144911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The successful conversion of natural products (NPs) into lead compounds and novel pharmacophores has emboldened the researchers to harness the drug discovery process with a lot more enthusiasm. However, forfeit of bioactive NPs resulting from an overabundance of metabolites and their wide dynamic range have created the bottleneck in NP researches. Similarly, the existence of multidimensional challenges, including the evaluation of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety parameters, has been a concerning issue. Advancement of technology has brought the evolution of traditional natural product researches into the computer-based assessment exhibiting pretentious remarks about their efficiency in drug discovery. The early attention to the quality of the NPs may reduce the attrition rate of drug candidates by parallel assessment of ADMET profiling. This article reviews the status, challenges, opportunities, and integration of advanced technologies in natural product research. Indeed, emphasis will be laid on the current and futuristic direction towards the application of newer technologies in early-stage ADMET profiling of bioactive moieties from the natural sources. It can be expected that combinatorial approaches in ADMET profiling will fortify the natural product-based drug discovery in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pobitra Borah
- Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandrapur Road, Panikhaiti, Guwahati-26, Assam, India
| | - Sangeeta Hazarika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
| | - Satyendra Deka
- Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandrapur Road, Panikhaiti, Guwahati-26, Assam, India
| | - Katharigatta N Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa-31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anroop B Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa-31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa-31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagaraja Sreeharsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa-31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghu P Mailavaram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Vishnupur (Affiliated to Andhra University), Bhimavaram, W.G. Dist., Andhra Pradesh, India
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49
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Karas BF, Hotz JM, Buckley BT, Cooper KR. Cisplatin alkylating activity in zebrafish causes resistance to chorionic degradation and inhibition of osteogenesis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 229:105656. [PMID: 33075613 PMCID: PMC9210937 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish have gained popularity as a model organism due to their rapid, external, and transparent development, high fecundity, and gene homology with higher vertebrate models and humans. Specifically, drug discovery has had high success in the implementation of zebrafish in studies for target discovery, efficacy, and toxicity. However, a major limitation of the zebrafish model is a dependence on waterborne exposure in order to maintain high throughput capabilities. Dose delivery can be impeded by a matrix of N-linked glycoproteins and other polypeptides called the chorion. This acelluar barrier is protective of the developing embryo, and thus new approaches for assessment have involved their removal. In these studies, we explored the chorionic interference of a well-characterized alkylating chemotherapeutic, cisplatin, known to accumulate in the chorion of zebrafish and cause delayed hatching. Our results indicated that increased exposure of cisplatin due to dechorionation did not alter morphological endpoints, although retained confinement reduced total body length and yolk utilization. Additionally, inhibition of osteogenesis visualized with Alizarian Red staining, was observable in dechorionated and non-dechorionated treatment groups. The chorions of cisplatin-treated embryos showed resistance to degradation unless treated with a pronase solution. This may be may be due to cisplatin covalently crosslinking which reinforces the structure. As such, the chorion may play an advantageous role in studies to determine alkylating activity of novel compounds. Furthermore, the expression of zebrafish hatching enzyme was not affected by cisplatin exposure. These studies demonstrate that not only was recapitulation of mechanistic activity supported in zebrafish, but highly relevant off-target toxicities observed in higher vertebrates were identified in zebrafish, regardless of chorionation. Experimental design in drug discovery should consider preliminary studies without dechorionation in order to determine dose impediment or off-target adducting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany F Karas
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, 76 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick NJ, 08854, United States
| | - Jordan M Hotz
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, 76 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick NJ, 08854, United States
| | - Brian T Buckley
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway NJ, 08854, United States
| | - Keith R Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, 76 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick NJ, 08854, United States.
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50
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Cordeiro MF, Gomides LS, Vian CO, Carboni MT, Santos AP, Bruch GE, Horn AP, Barros DM. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with pyrene-PEG via π-π interactions: toxicological assessment in zebrafish embryos. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:465103. [PMID: 32857732 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abae2f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have many promising biological applications, even though functionalization is needed for better biocompatibility. Functionalization of MWCNT with polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a promising and widely studied approach, but the best PEGylation method is still under investigation. In this work, we have tested the biological implications of MWCNT functionalized via π-stacking with pyrene-PEG (MWCNT-Pyr-PEG) in zebrafish embryos. As Pyr toxicity is well documented and represents a major concern for the safety of the proposed approach, we have also tested the effects of the exposure to the isolated conjugate (Pyr-PEG). The resulting suspensions were stable in saline medium and well dispersed. Zebrafish embryos at 24 h post-fertilization (hpf) were dechorionated and randomly assigned to seven experimental groups (n = 50 per group): control, MWCNT-Pyr-PEG at 0.2, 2.0, and 20.0 mg l-1, and Pyr-PEG at the same concentrations, and exposures were performed in 96-well plates. Specimens were observed for heart rate, malformations, body length, mortality, traveled distance, and number of new movements. Heart rate was reduced in embryos exposed to any tested concentration of MWCNT-Pyr-PEG, while this effect was observed with Pyr-PEG from 2 mg l-1. The highest concentration of MWCNT-Pyr-PEG also led to increased occurrence of malformations, shortened body length and reduced traveled distance. The functionalization approach shows promise due to the stability in saline media, even though toxic effects were observed in the highest tested concentrations, being the MWCNT the main actors underlying these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos F Cordeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Saúde (PPGBS), Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Joaçaba, SC, Brazil. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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