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Spyksma EE, Alexandridou A, Mai K, Volmer DA, Stokes CS. An Overview of Different Vitamin D Compounds in the Setting of Adiposity. Nutrients 2024; 16:231. [PMID: 38257127 PMCID: PMC10820956 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A large body of research shows an association between higher body weight and low vitamin D status, as assessed using serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. Vitamin D can be metabolised in adipose tissue and has been reported to influence gene expression and modulate inflammation and adipose tissue metabolism in vitro. However, the exact metabolism of vitamin D in adipose tissue is currently unknown. White adipose tissue expresses the vitamin D receptor and hydroxylase enzymes, substantially involved in vitamin D metabolism and efficacy. The distribution and concentrations of the generated vitamin D compounds in adipose tissue, however, are largely unknown. Closing this knowledge gap could help to understand whether the different vitamin D compounds have specific health effects in the setting of adiposity. This review summarises the current evidence for a role of vitamin D in adipose tissue and discusses options to accurately measure vitamin D compounds in adipose tissue using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva E. Spyksma
- Food and Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
- Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany; (A.A.); (D.A.V.)
| | - Anastasia Alexandridou
- Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany; (A.A.); (D.A.V.)
| | - Knut Mai
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, 90451 Nuremberg, Germany
- Department of Human Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Dietrich A. Volmer
- Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany; (A.A.); (D.A.V.)
| | - Caroline S. Stokes
- Food and Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
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Fenercioglu AK, Gonen MS, Uzun H, Sipahioglu NT, Can G, Tas E, Kara Z, Ozkaya HM, Atukeren P. The Association between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Levels and Pro-Inflammatory Markers in New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Prediabetes. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1778. [PMID: 38136648 PMCID: PMC10741791 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to reveal the pro-inflammatory effects of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (Vit D) deficiency and insufficiency in new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and prediabetes. We recruited 84 prediabetes patients, 94 new-onset T2DM patients and 113 healthy participants. We measured the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, ferritin, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the serum of the participants. ANOVA Bonferroni and Kruskal-Wallis Dunn tests were used to compare the inflammation markers and vitamin D levels between the groups. Based on covariance analysis with age, gender and BMI, the Vit D levels of the T2DM group were significantly lower (p < 0.003). Pro-inflammatory markers and CRP were significantly higher in prediabetic and diabetic subjects. In the prediabetes group, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and MAPK were significantly higher in those with Vit D insufficiency and deficiency groups. In the T2DM group, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, NF-κB, MAPK and CRP were significantly higher in those with Vit D insufficiency and deficiency. Our study emphasizes the pro-inflammatory effects of Vit D deficiency and insufficiency in new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysen Kutan Fenercioglu
- Department of Family Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey; (N.T.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Mustafa Sait Gonen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.S.G.); (Z.K.); (H.M.O.)
| | - Hafize Uzun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Atlas University, 34403 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Nurver Turfaner Sipahioglu
- Department of Family Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey; (N.T.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Gunay Can
- Department of Public Health, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Ebru Tas
- Department of Family Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey; (N.T.S.); (E.T.)
- Homecare Unit, Isparta Sehit Yunus Emre State Hospital, 32300 Isparta, Turkey
| | - Zehra Kara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.S.G.); (Z.K.); (H.M.O.)
| | - Hande Mefkure Ozkaya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.S.G.); (Z.K.); (H.M.O.)
| | - Pinar Atukeren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey;
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Lu Q, Wan Z, Guo J, Liu L, Pan A, Liu G. Association Between Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Mortality Among Adults With Prediabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e4039-e4048. [PMID: 34089603 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels with mortality among adults with prediabetes. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 15,195 adults with prediabetes (aged ≥20 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III and NHANES 2001-2014. Mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer was linked to National Death Index mortality data. RESULTS The median (interquartile range) concentration of serum 25(OH)D was 60.5 (45.3, 77.4) nmol/L, and only 23.1% had sufficient vitamin D (≥75 nmol/L). Elevated serum 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly associated with lower levels of insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, triglyceride, and C-reactive protein, and higher levels of high-density lipoprotein at baseline (all Ptrend < 0.05). During a median follow up of 10.7 years, 3765 deaths (including 1080 CVD deaths and 863 cancer deaths) were identified. Compared with participants with 25(OH)D <30 nmol/L, the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for participants with 25(OH)D ≥ 75 nmol/L were 0.66 (0.53, 0.82) for all-cause mortality (Ptrend < 0.001), 0.66 (0.48, 0.89) for CVD mortality (Ptrend = 0.001), and 0.82 (0.49, 1.35) for cancer mortality (Ptrend = 0.32). For per-unit increment in ln-transformed 25(OH)D, there was a 27% lower risk of all-cause mortality and a 34% lower risk of CVD mortality (both P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with lower all-cause and CVD mortality among individuals with prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jingyu Guo
- Department of Health Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with arterial stiffness in Chinese with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 75:1645-1653. [PMID: 33790397 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Arterial stiffness (AS), one of the complications of diabetes, associated with many metabolic factors. This study aimed to investigate the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH)D) and AS in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS We identified 1335 diabetic patients from the Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital. Finally, 603 T2DM patients were included in the study. They were divided into two groups: AS group (baPWV ≥ 15,500 cm/s) and the control group (baPWV < 1550 cm/s). RESULTS (1) Heart rate (HR) and systolic pressure (SBP) were higher while body weight and body mass index (BMI) were smaller in AS group than the control group (all P < 0.05). (2) Compared to patients without AS, patients with AS showed lower 25(OH)D and higher rate of 25(OH)D deficiency (42 ± 16 vs. 45 ± 17 mol/l, 68% vs. 64%, all P < 0.05). (3) BaPWV was negatively associated with 25(OH)D (r = -0.12, P = 0.004), while positively associated with age, duration of diabetes, HR, SBP, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and negatively associated with body weight and BMI (all P < 0.05). (4) Multiple linear regression showed that 25(OH)D was the negatively influencing factor of baPWV (β = -2.2, P = 0.01). Logistic regression showed that age and SBP were risk factor of AS (OR:1.07, 95% CI: 1.05-1.10, P < 0.001; OR:1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.04, P < 0.001) while 25(OH)D was protective factor of AS (OR:0.987, 95% CI: 0.976-0.998, P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS T2DM patients with AS had lower 25(OH)D and higher rate of 25(OH)D deficiency. There was a negative relationship between 25(OH)D and AS assessed by baPWV.
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Abraham J, Dowling K, Florentine S. Can Optimum Solar Radiation Exposure or Supplemented Vitamin D Intake Reduce the Severity of COVID-19 Symptoms? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:E740. [PMID: 33467131 PMCID: PMC7829816 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The foremost mortality-causing symptom associated with COVID-19 is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A significant correlation has been identified between the deficiency in vitamin D and the risk of developing ARDS. It has been suggested that if we can reduce or modify ARDS in COVID-19 patients, we may significantly reduce the severity of COVID-19 symptoms and associated mortality rates. The increased mortality of dark-skinned people, who have a reduced UV absorption capacity, may be consistent with diminished vitamin D status. The factors associated with COVID-19 mortality, such as old age, ethnicity, obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes, are all found to be linked with vitamin D deficiency. Based on this review and as a precautionary measure, it is suggested that the adoption of appropriate and safe solar exposure and vitamin D enriched foods and supplements should be considered to reduce the possible severity of COVID-19 symptoms. Safe sun exposure is deemed beneficial globally, specifically in low and middle-income countries, as there is no cost involved. It is also noted that improved solar exposure and vitamin D levels can reduce the impact of other diseases as well, thus assisting in maintaining general human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Abraham
- School of Engineering, Information Technology and Physical Sciences, Mount Helen Campus, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia;
| | - Kim Dowling
- School of Engineering, Information Technology and Physical Sciences, Mount Helen Campus, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia;
- Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Singarayer Florentine
- School of Science, Psychology, and Sport, Centre for Environmental Management, Mount Helen Campus, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia;
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Chen HW, Chiu YL, Hsieh TY, Chen PJ, Huang TY, Lin HH, Shih YL, Lin JC. Relationships Between Vitamin D Status and Cytokine: Results from Interferon-Based Therapy in Non-Cirrhotic, Treatment-Naïve Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection. J Inflamm Res 2021; 13:1207-1218. [PMID: 33402842 PMCID: PMC7778440 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s283768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D contributes to bone health and extra-skeletal effects. The mechanisms underlying vitamin D metabolism have not been extensively evaluated. The relationships between vitamin D and inflammatory cytokines are debated. Our objective was to investigate whether supplemental interferons are associated with longitudinal change of vitamin D status in humans. Methods A total of 48 patients with 24 or 48 weeks of pegylated interferon-α plus ribavirin therapy were examined for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) level before treatment, at the end of treatment, and 24 weeks after treatment. In addition, we analyzed publicly available RNA sequencing data from accession GSE42697 and GSE7123 in the Gene Expression Omnibus. Findings The overall sustained virologic response (SVR) rate was 62.5%. There was no statistically significant association between baseline 25(OH)D concentrations and liver fibrosis. In patients with SVR, serum 25(OH)D increased markedly at end-of-treatment and decreased markedly by the end of the 24-week follow-up period. In the non-SVR group, this treatment-dependent change was lost. In gene expression analysis, the vitamin D biosynthesis process was activated in subjects with SVR, but not in patients without SVR. Furthermore, vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was triggered in marked responders but not in poor responders. Conclusion In the aggregate, these data suggest that interferons have a regulatory influence on vitamin D status that can contribute to VDR signaling in PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Wei Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chiu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yuan Hsieh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Jen Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Yu Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Hwai Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lueng Shih
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chun Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lahoor Basha S, Suresh S, Ashok Reddy V, Surya Teja SP. Is the shielding effect of cholecalciferol in SARS CoV-2 infection dependable? An evidence based unraveling. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2021; 9:326-331. [PMID: 33102933 PMCID: PMC7576325 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite being announced as a global health concern and emergency in January by WHO, designing specific treatment for SARS-CoV-2 is still a summit yet to be conquered. Currently, many drugs are being tested in the clinical scenario and vitamins play a significant role in therapeutic management. Based on the available evidence, we postulate that maintaining normal vitamin D3 levels may reduce severity, mortality risk of COVID-19. This review elucidates the alarming need for randomized clinical trials to determine the role of vitamin D in patient prognosis in COVID-19 infection and on latitude bases epidemiological outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaik Lahoor Basha
- Department of Medical Affairs, HealthMinds, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560038, India
| | - Sake Suresh
- Department of General Medicine, Andaman & Nicobar Health Services, Port Blair, 744104, India
| | - V.V. Ashok Reddy
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Tiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - S P Surya Teja
- Health Minds Consulting Pvt Ltd, Bengaluru, India,Corresponding author
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Tkacheva ON, Kotovskaya YV, Aleksanyan LA, Milto AS, Naumov AV, Strazhesko ID, Vorobyeva NM, Dudinskaya EN, Malaya IP, Krylov KY, Tyukhmenev EA, Rozanov AV, Ostapenko VS, Manevich TM, Shchedrina AY, Semenov FA, Mkhitaryan EA, Khovasova NO, Yeruslanova KA, Kotovskaya NV, Sharashkina NV. Novel coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2 in elderly and senile patients: prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Expert Position Paper of the Russian Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2020. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2020-2601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2 (COVID19) is especially dangerous for elderly and senile patients. Preventive measures for elderly people should cover three areas: 1) direct prevention of the viral infection, 2) preservation of the functional status and prevention of geriatric syndromes, including the use of social support measures, 3) control of comorbidities. The clinical pattern of COVID-19 in older patients may be atypical, while the mildness of symptoms (no fever, cough, shortness of breath) may not correspond to the severity of the prognosis. Delirium may be the first manifestation of COVID-19, which requires special care in its screening. Management of elderly and senile patients with COVID19 should include measures for delirium prevention, the detection and improvement of nutrition. The risk of malnutrition with sarcopenia increases with hospitalization of a patient, especially when using artificial ventilation, is associated with an unfavorable prognosis during hospitalization, accelerates the progression of senile asthenia and reduces the quality of life. Geriatric assessment is the cornerstone of determining the management of an elderly patient.
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Milagres LC, Filgueiras MDS, Rocha NP, Suhett LG, de Albuquerque FM, Juvanhol LL, Franceschini SDCC, de Novaes JF. Cutoff point estimation for serum vitamin D concentrations to predict cardiometabolic risk in Brazilian children. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 74:1698-1706. [PMID: 32341487 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-0624-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To evaluate serum 25(OH)D concentrations and determine a cutoff point for cardiometabolic risk in children. SUBJECT/METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with a representative sample of 378 8-9-year-old children from all urban schools in the city of Viçosa, MG, Brazil. Sociodemographic data and information on lifestyle, and food consumption were collected. Biochemical evaluation included glucose, triglycerides, leptin, calcidiol [25(OH)D], and parathormone. Body composition was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Cardiometabolic risk was considered when nontraditional risk markers were detected, including triglyceride × glycemia index (TyG index), hyperleptinemia, and hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype (HWP). The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to define the cutoff point for serum 25(OH)D to predict cardiometabolic risk. RESULTS 25(OH)D showed better predictive capacity for grouping of cardiometabolic risk markers than for either single or paired markers. The area under the curve for grouping of risk markers was 0.636 (95% CI: 0.585, 0.685, P < 0.001). The cutoff point to predict cardiometabolic risk was defined as 32.0 ng/mL. CONCLUSION 25(OH)D presented good predictive capacity for cardiometabolic risk and 25(OH)D concentration higher than 32 ng/mL was associated with a 49% reduction of cardiometabolic risk prevalence in prepubertal Brazilian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Cupertino Milagres
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Mariana De Santis Filgueiras
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Naruna Pereira Rocha
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Lara Gomes Suhett
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Martins de Albuquerque
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Leidjaira Lopes Juvanhol
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Farias de Novaes
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
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Grant WB, Lahore H, McDonnell SL, Baggerly CA, French CB, Aliano JL, Bhattoa HP. Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040988. [PMID: 32252338 PMCID: PMC7231123 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1049] [Impact Index Per Article: 262.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The world is in the grip of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health measures that can reduce the risk of infection and death in addition to quarantines are desperately needed. This article reviews the roles of vitamin D in reducing the risk of respiratory tract infections, knowledge about the epidemiology of influenza and COVID-19, and how vitamin D supplementation might be a useful measure to reduce risk. Through several mechanisms, vitamin D can reduce risk of infections. Those mechanisms include inducing cathelicidins and defensins that can lower viral replication rates and reducing concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines that produce the inflammation that injures the lining of the lungs, leading to pneumonia, as well as increasing concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Several observational studies and clinical trials reported that vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of influenza, whereas others did not. Evidence supporting the role of vitamin D in reducing risk of COVID-19 includes that the outbreak occurred in winter, a time when 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations are lowest; that the number of cases in the Southern Hemisphere near the end of summer are low; that vitamin D deficiency has been found to contribute to acute respiratory distress syndrome; and that case-fatality rates increase with age and with chronic disease comorbidity, both of which are associated with lower 25(OH)D concentration. To reduce the risk of infection, it is recommended that people at risk of influenza and/or COVID-19 consider taking 10,000 IU/d of vitamin D3 for a few weeks to rapidly raise 25(OH)D concentrations, followed by 5000 IU/d. The goal should be to raise 25(OH)D concentrations above 40-60 ng/mL (100-150 nmol/L). For treatment of people who become infected with COVID-19, higher vitamin D3 doses might be useful. Randomized controlled trials and large population studies should be conducted to evaluate these recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B. Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, P.O. Box 641603, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-415-409-1980
| | - Henry Lahore
- 2289 Highland Loop, Port Townsend, WA 98368, USA;
| | - Sharon L. McDonnell
- GrassrootsHealth, Encinitas, CA 92024, USA; (S.L.M.); (C.A.B.); (C.B.F.); (J.L.A.)
| | - Carole A. Baggerly
- GrassrootsHealth, Encinitas, CA 92024, USA; (S.L.M.); (C.A.B.); (C.B.F.); (J.L.A.)
| | - Christine B. French
- GrassrootsHealth, Encinitas, CA 92024, USA; (S.L.M.); (C.A.B.); (C.B.F.); (J.L.A.)
| | - Jennifer L. Aliano
- GrassrootsHealth, Encinitas, CA 92024, USA; (S.L.M.); (C.A.B.); (C.B.F.); (J.L.A.)
| | - Harjit P. Bhattoa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Blvd 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
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Grant WB, Lahore H, McDonnell SL, Baggerly CA, French CB, Aliano JL, Bhattoa HP. Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths. Nutrients 2020. [PMID: 32252338 DOI: 10.20944/preprints202003.0235.v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The world is in the grip of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health measures that can reduce the risk of infection and death in addition to quarantines are desperately needed. This article reviews the roles of vitamin D in reducing the risk of respiratory tract infections, knowledge about the epidemiology of influenza and COVID-19, and how vitamin D supplementation might be a useful measure to reduce risk. Through several mechanisms, vitamin D can reduce risk of infections. Those mechanisms include inducing cathelicidins and defensins that can lower viral replication rates and reducing concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines that produce the inflammation that injures the lining of the lungs, leading to pneumonia, as well as increasing concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Several observational studies and clinical trials reported that vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of influenza, whereas others did not. Evidence supporting the role of vitamin D in reducing risk of COVID-19 includes that the outbreak occurred in winter, a time when 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations are lowest; that the number of cases in the Southern Hemisphere near the end of summer are low; that vitamin D deficiency has been found to contribute to acute respiratory distress syndrome; and that case-fatality rates increase with age and with chronic disease comorbidity, both of which are associated with lower 25(OH)D concentration. To reduce the risk of infection, it is recommended that people at risk of influenza and/or COVID-19 consider taking 10,000 IU/d of vitamin D3 for a few weeks to rapidly raise 25(OH)D concentrations, followed by 5000 IU/d. The goal should be to raise 25(OH)D concentrations above 40-60 ng/mL (100-150 nmol/L). For treatment of people who become infected with COVID-19, higher vitamin D3 doses might be useful. Randomized controlled trials and large population studies should be conducted to evaluate these recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, P.O. Box 641603, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA
| | - Henry Lahore
- 2289 Highland Loop, Port Townsend, WA 98368, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Harjit P Bhattoa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Blvd 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Makariou SE, Elisaf M, Challa A, Tellis CC, Tselepis AD, Liberopoulos EN. No effect of vitamin D administration plus dietary intervention on emerging cardiovascular risk factors in patients with metabolic syndrome. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2019.100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Relationships between circulating 25(OH) vitamin D, leptin levels and visceral adipose tissue volume: results from a 1-year lifestyle intervention program in men with visceral obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0347-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Mousa A, Naderpoor N, Wilson K, Plebanski M, de Courten MPJ, Scragg R, de Courten B. Vitamin D supplementation increases adipokine concentrations in overweight or obese adults. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:195-204. [PMID: 30649593 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01899-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D regulates adipokine production in vitro; however, clinical trials have been inconclusive. We conducted secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial to examine whether vitamin D supplementation improves adipokine concentrations in overweight/obese and vitamin D-deficient adults. METHODS Sixty-five individuals with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) ≤ 50 nmol/L were randomized to oral cholecalciferol (100,000 IU single bolus followed by 4,000 IU daily) or matching placebo for 16 weeks. We measured BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, % body fat (dual X-ray absorptiometry), serum 25(OH)D (chemiluminescent immunoassay) and total adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and adipsin concentrations (multiplex assay; flow cytometry). Sun exposure, physical activity, and diet were assessed using questionnaires. RESULTS Fifty-four participants completed the study (35M/19F; mean age = 31.9 ± 8.5 years; BMI = 30.9 ± 4.4 kg/m2). After 16 weeks, vitamin D supplementation increased 25(OH)D concentrations compared with placebo (57.0 ± 21.3 versus 1.9 ± 15.1 nmol/L, p < 0.001). There were no differences between groups for changes in adiponectin, leptin, resistin, or adipsin in unadjusted analyses (all p > 0.05). After adjustment for baseline values, season, sun exposure, and dietary vitamin D intake, there was a greater increase in adiponectin (β[95%CI] = 13.7[2.0, 25.5], p = 0.02) and leptin (β[95%CI] = 22.3[3.8, 40.9], p = 0.02) in the vitamin D group compared with placebo. Results remained significant after additional adjustment for age, sex, and % body fat (p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D may increase adiponectin and leptin concentrations in overweight/obese and vitamin D-deficient adults. Further studies are needed to clarify the molecular interactions between vitamin D and adipokines and the clinical implications of these interactions in the context of obesity. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02112721.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 1, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Negar Naderpoor
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 1, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Kirsty Wilson
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Maximilian P J de Courten
- Centre for Chronic Disease, Victoria University, 176 Furlong Road, St Albans, Melbourne, VIC, 3021, Australia
| | - Robert Scragg
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, 261 Morrin Road, Glen Innes, Auckland, 1072, New Zealand
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 1, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia.
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Wang W, Ye S, Qian L, Xing X. Sex-Specific Association of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 3 with Insulin Resistance in Chinese Han Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2018; 64:173-178. [PMID: 29962427 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.64.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and insulin resistance as well as β-cell function in Chinese Han patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 264 patients was included in this study. Serum 25(OH)D, plasma glucose, serum insulin and other biochemical parameters were assayed. Postprandial venous blood was collected after a mixed-nutrient load. Insulin resistance was assessed by the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (Matsuda ISI). The β-cell function was assessed by the homeostasis model assessment for insulin secretion (HOMA-β) and the change in insulin divided by change in glucose from 0 to 30 min (ΔI0-30/ΔG0-30). Patients were divided into three groups according to tertiles of serum 25(OH)D levels. There were significant differences in HOMA-IR and Matsuda ISI among the three groups (HOMA-IR, p=0.005; Matsuda ISI, p=0.009). Pearson correlation analyses showed that serum 25(OH)D was negatively correlated with fasting serum insulin (FIns) (r=-0.209, p=0.012) and HOMA-IR (r=-0.273, p=0.001), and positively correlated with Matsuda ISI (r=0.219, p=0.009) only in the male population. Multiple stepwise regression analyses showed that in the male population, serum 25(OH)D was an independent predictor for both HOMA-IR and Matsuda ISI before and after adjustment for confounding factors, respectively (p<0.05 for both). This study indicates the association of vitamin D with insulin resistance in male patients with newly diagnosed T2DM, which may contribute to the understanding of the mechanism underlying the onset of T2DM in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital).,Laboratory for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital)
| | - Shandong Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital).,Laboratory for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital)
| | - Liting Qian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital)
| | - Xuenong Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital)
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Momentti AC, Estadella D, Pellegrini Pisani L. Role of vitamin D in pregnancy and Toll-like receptor pathway. Steroids 2018; 137:22-29. [PMID: 30059672 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing concern about the impacts of hypovitaminosis D on the health of pregnant woman, fetal development, childhood, and adult life. Variations in maternal nutrition during gestation and/or lactation play a critical role in the physiological and metabolic development of the fetus and neonate, which can induce phenotypic changes and trigger important consequences throughout life, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and hypertension. Vitamin D plays a role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation and in modulating the innate and adaptive immune response. Also, vitamin D correlates with changes in cytokines, anti and proinflammatory, as well as prevents inflammation induced by changes in myometrial cells mediated by the nuclear factor kappa B pathway. Further investigation is required regarding these relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Momentti
- Pós-Graduação em Alimentos, Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Estadella
- Departamento de Biociências, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pellegrini Pisani
- Departamento de Biociências, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
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Predictors of Serum Adiponectin in Patients With Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes. Can J Diabetes 2018; 42:116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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