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Park KY, Hong S, Kim KS, Han K, Park CY. Trends in Prevalence of Hypertriglyceridemia and Related Factors in Korean Adults: A Serial Cross-Sectional Study. J Lipid Atheroscler 2023; 12:201-212. [PMID: 37265850 PMCID: PMC10232222 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2023.12.2.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to investigate the longitudinal trends in prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia in Korean adults and hypertriglyceridemia-associated lifestyle habits, socioeconomic factors and comorbidities. Methods Data from the 2007-2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were used in this study. Two cutoff values (≥150 mg/dL and ≥200 mg/dL) for fasting serum triglyceride levels were used to estimate the age- and sex-specific prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia. Use of lipid-lowering medications, lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and regular exercise, socioeconomic variables such as educational attainment and household income, and comorbidities such as obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were also investigated. Results The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia among Koreans based on KNHANES 2007-2020 was 29.6% at ≥150 mg/dL and 16.1% at ≥200 mg/dL. While the rate of using lipid-lowering medications increased steadily from 2007 to 2020, changes in annual prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia were subtle. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia in men peaked in middle age (47.7% and 30.0% for ≥150 mg/dL and ≥200 mg/dL, respectively, in their 40s), but its prevalence in women increased throughout their lifetime (32.6% and 14.7% for ≥150 mg/dL and ≥200 mg/dL, respectively, in their 70s). Smoking and high-risk drinking exacerbated peak prevalence in both sexes. Young adults with any comorbidities had prominently increased prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia. The lowest levels of education and income were both associated with the higher prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia in both sexes. Conclusion It is important to understand the age- and sex-specific epidemiology of hypertriglyceridemia to establish its appropriate management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kye-Yeung Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangmo Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol-Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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The Effect of BMI on Blood Lipids and Dyslipidemia in Lactating Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235174. [PMID: 36501203 PMCID: PMC9737353 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to explore the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and dyslipidemia and the optimal cut-off point for BMI to distinguish the risk of dyslipidemia in lactating women. Methods: A total of 2295 lactating women subjects were included in this study, all within 2 years postpartum. All samples were from “China Children and Lactating Mothers Nutritional Health Surveillance (2016−2017)”. BMI, blood lipids, demographic information, lifestyle habits, and other serum indicators were obtained in this survey. Generalized linear model, logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) and ROC curve analysis were used to evaluate the relationship among BMI, blood lipids, and dyslipidemia. Results: BMI in lactating women was positively correlated with total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), but negatively correlated with high-density lipoproteincholesterol (HDL-C) (p < 0.05). Higher BMI in lactating women was associated with higher ORs of dyslipidemia (hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, high-LDL-cholesterolemia, low HDL-cholesterolemia) (p < 0.05). These associations were stable across age groups, breastfeeding child age (months), parity, physical activity level, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and hemoglobin. These factors did not interact with this relationship (p > 0.05). The optimal cut-off point for BMI was 24.85 kg/m2 determined by using ROC analysis, which can distinguish the risk of dyslipidemia. Conclusions: BMI was positively correlated with risk of dyslipidemia. Maintaining an ideal weight may prevent dyslipidemia in lactating women, and BMI is recommended to be controlled below 24.85 kg/m2.
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Belayneh M, Mekonnen TC, Tadesse SE, Amsalu ET, Tadese F. Sleeping duration, physical activity, alcohol drinking and other risk factors as potential attributes of metabolic syndrome in adults in Ethiopia: A hospital-based cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271962. [PMID: 36037175 PMCID: PMC9423638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Available evidence showed that metabolic syndrome in the adult population is persistently elevated due to nutrition transition, genetic predisposition, individual-related lifestyle factors, and other environmental risks. However, in developing nations, the burden and scientific evidence on the pattern, and risk exposures for the development of the metabolic syndrome were not adequately investigated. Thus, the study aimed to measure the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and to identify specific risk factors among adult populations who visited Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 419 adults attending Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from January 25 to February 29, 2020. We used the WHO STEP-wise approach for non-communicable disease surveillance to assess participants’ disease condition. Metabolic syndrome was measured using the harmonized criteria recommended by the International Diabetes Federation Task Force in 2009. Data were explored for missing values, outliers and multicollinearity before presenting the summary statistics and regression results. Multivariable logistic regression was used to disentangle statistically significant predictors of metabolic syndrome expressed using an odds ratio with a 95% of uncertainty interval. All statistical tests were managed using SPSS version 26. A non-linear dose-response analysis was performed to show the relationships between metabolic syndromes with potential risk factors. Results The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adults was 35.0% (95% CI, (30.5, 39.8)). Women were more affected than men (i.e. 40.3% vs 29.4%). After adjusting for other variables, being female [OR = 1.85; 95% CI (1.01, 3.38)], urban residence [OR = 1.94; 95% CI (1.08, 3.24)], increased age [OR = 18.23; 95% CI (6.66, 49.84)], shorter sleeping durations [OR = 4.62; 95% CI (1.02, 20.98)], sedentary behaviour [OR = 4.05; 95% CI (1.80, 9.11)], obesity [OR = 3.14; 95% CI (1.20, 8.18)] and alcohol drinking [OR = 2.85; 95% CI (1.27,6.39)] were positively associated with the adult metabolic syndrome. Whilst have no formal education [OR = 0.30; 95% CI (0.12, 0.74)] was negatively associated with metabolic syndrome. Conclusions The prevalence of adult metabolic syndrome is found to be high. Metabolic syndrome has linear relationships with BMI, physical activity, sleep duration, and level of education. The demographic and behavioural factors are strongly related with the risk of metabolic syndrome. Since most of the factors are modifiable, there should be urgent large-scale community intervention programs focusing on increased physical activity, healthy sleep, weight management, minimize behavioural risk factors, and healthier food interventions targeting a lifecycle approach. The existing policy should be evaluated whether due attention has given to prevention strategies of NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulugeta Belayneh
- Public Health Specialist at Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Dessie, North Eastern Ethiopia
| | - Tefera Chane Mekonnen
- Academician and Researcher at School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Sisay Eshete Tadesse
- Academician and Researcher at School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Erkihun Tadesse Amsalu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Fentaw Tadese
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Kirschner KM, Foryst-Ludwig A, Gohlke S, Li C, Flores RE, Kintscher U, Schupp M, Schulz TJ, Scholz H. Wt1 haploinsufficiency induces browning of epididymal fat and alleviates metabolic dysfunction in mice on high-fat diet. Diabetologia 2022; 65:528-540. [PMID: 34846543 PMCID: PMC8803700 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Despite a similar fat storing function, visceral (intra-abdominal) white adipose tissue (WAT) is detrimental, whereas subcutaneous WAT is considered to protect against metabolic disease. Recent findings indicate that thermogenic genes, expressed in brown adipose tissue (BAT), can be induced primarily in subcutaneous WAT. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that the Wilms tumour gene product (WT1), which is expressed in intra-abdominal WAT but not in subcutaneous WAT and BAT, suppresses a thermogenic program in white fat cells. METHODS Heterozygous Wt1 knockout mice and their wild-type littermates were examined in terms of thermogenic and adipocyte-selective gene expression. Glucose tolerance and hepatic lipid accumulation in these mice were assessed under normal chow and high-fat diet conditions. Pre-adipocytes isolated from the stromal vascular fraction of BAT were transduced with Wt1-expressing retrovirus, induced to differentiate and analysed for the expression of thermogenic and adipocyte-selective genes. RESULTS Expression of the thermogenic genes Cpt1b and Tmem26 was enhanced and transcript levels of Ucp1 were on average more than tenfold higher in epididymal WAT of heterozygous Wt1 knockout mice compared with wild-type mice. Wt1 heterozygosity reduced epididymal WAT mass, improved whole-body glucose tolerance and alleviated severe hepatic steatosis upon diet-induced obesity in mice. Retroviral expression of WT1 in brown pre-adipocytes, which lack endogenous WT1, reduced mRNA levels of Ucp1, Ppargc1a, Cidea, Prdm16 and Cpt1b upon in vitro differentiation by 60-90%. WT1 knockdown in epididymal pre-adipocytes significantly lowered Aldh1a1 and Zfp423 transcripts, two key suppressors of the thermogenic program. Conversely, Aldh1a1 and Zfp423 mRNA levels were increased approximately five- and threefold, respectively, by retroviral expression of WT1 in brown pre-adipocytes. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION WT1 functions as a white adipocyte determination factor in epididymal WAT by suppressing thermogenic genes. Reducing Wt1 expression in this and other intra-abdominal fat depots may represent a novel treatment strategy in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin M Kirschner
- Institut für Vegetative Physiologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Foryst-Ludwig
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina Gohlke
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Chen Li
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roberto E Flores
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kintscher
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schupp
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim J Schulz
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Holger Scholz
- Institut für Vegetative Physiologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
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Sabi EM, Bin Dahman LS, Mohammed AK, Sumaily KM, Al-Daghri NM. -2548G>A LEP Polymorphism Is Positively Associated with Increased Leptin and Glucose Levels in Obese Saudi Patients Irrespective of Blood Pressure Status. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:346. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3390/medicina58030346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate the link between common -2548G>A (rs7799039) promoter variant of the human leptin gene (LEP) with leptin and serum glucose leptin levels in obese Saudi patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 206 Saudi adults (80 obese normotensive nondiabetics, 76 obese hypertensive with Type 2 Diabetes and 50 normotensive nondiabetic controls) were genotyped for -2548G>A LEP polymorphism using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism technique. Results: Participants with minor AA genotype had significantly higher blood glucose levels (6.8 ± 0.55 mmol/L vs. 5.8 ± 0.30 mmol/L; p < 0.04) and HOMA-IR (4.1 ± 0.84 vs. 2.6 ± 0.67; p = 0.03) against those carrying major GG genotype. Participants with heterozygous GA genotype had significantly higher serum leptin levels against those carrying major GG genotype (40.0 ± 2.6 ng/mL vs. 29.6 ± 2.6 ng/mL; p = 0.04). Further investigation showed that individuals with AA, GA, GA + AA genotypes are at greater risk of developing hyperglycemia compared to those with GG genotype [OR 3.7(1.6–8.4), p = 0.001; 3.2 (1.2–8.6), p = 0.03; 3.5 (1.6–7.7), p = 0.001, respectively]. Additionally, the -2548AA allele was shown to be a risk factor for hyperglycemia [OR 1.9 (1.2–3.0), p = 0.006]. Our data revealed no relationship between this variant of the LEP gene with systolic and diastolic BP, signifying that this genetic variant is not a significant marker of obesity and hypertension in the Saudi population. Conclusions: AA and GA genotypes and LEP gene -2548AA alleles may signify potent risk factors predisposing healthy individuals to develop T2DM regardless of blood-pressure profile.
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Sabi EM, Bin Dahman LS, Mohammed AK, Sumaily KM, Al-Daghri NM. -2548G>A LEP Polymorphism Is Positively Associated with Increased Leptin and Glucose Levels in Obese Saudi Patients Irrespective of Blood Pressure Status. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:346. [PMID: 35334523 PMCID: PMC8955012 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58030346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate the link between common -2548G>A (rs7799039) promoter variant of the human leptin gene (LEP) with leptin and serum glucose leptin levels in obese Saudi patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 206 Saudi adults (80 obese normotensive nondiabetics, 76 obese hypertensive with Type 2 Diabetes and 50 normotensive nondiabetic controls) were genotyped for -2548G>A LEP polymorphism using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism technique. Results: Participants with minor AA genotype had significantly higher blood glucose levels (6.8 ± 0.55 mmol/L vs. 5.8 ± 0.30 mmol/L; p < 0.04) and HOMA-IR (4.1 ± 0.84 vs. 2.6 ± 0.67; p = 0.03) against those carrying major GG genotype. Participants with heterozygous GA genotype had significantly higher serum leptin levels against those carrying major GG genotype (40.0 ± 2.6 ng/mL vs. 29.6 ± 2.6 ng/mL; p = 0.04). Further investigation showed that individuals with AA, GA, GA + AA genotypes are at greater risk of developing hyperglycemia compared to those with GG genotype [OR 3.7(1.6−8.4), p = 0.001; 3.2 (1.2−8.6), p = 0.03; 3.5 (1.6−7.7), p = 0.001, respectively]. Additionally, the -2548AA allele was shown to be a risk factor for hyperglycemia [OR 1.9 (1.2−3.0), p = 0.006]. Our data revealed no relationship between this variant of the LEP gene with systolic and diastolic BP, signifying that this genetic variant is not a significant marker of obesity and hypertension in the Saudi population. Conclusions: AA and GA genotypes and LEP gene -2548AA alleles may signify potent risk factors predisposing healthy individuals to develop T2DM regardless of blood-pressure profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essa M. Sabi
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Lotfi S. Bin Dahman
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (L.S.B.D.); (A.K.M.); (N.M.A.-D.)
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hadhramout University, Mukalla 50511, Yemen
| | - Abdul Khader Mohammed
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (L.S.B.D.); (A.K.M.); (N.M.A.-D.)
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khalid M. Sumaily
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nasser M. Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (L.S.B.D.); (A.K.M.); (N.M.A.-D.)
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Mun S, Park K, Lee S. Evaluation of thermal sensitivity is of potential clinical utility for the predictive, preventive, and personalized approach advancing metabolic syndrome management. EPMA J 2022; 13:125-135. [PMID: 35265229 PMCID: PMC8897525 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-022-00273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A possible association between metabolic disorders and ambient temperature has been suggested, and cold exposure as a way of increasing energy expenditure has gained considerable interest for preventative/therapeutic measures toward metabolic disorders. Although thermal sensitivity, which has recently been studied in regard to its utility as a risk assessment/patient stratification for various diseases, might influence physiological responses to ambient temperature on an individual basis, more studies are needed. We aimed to investigate the association between self-identified thermal intolerance/sensation and metabolic syndrome (MetS) to verify the working hypothesis that individuals with altered thermal sensitivity may have a predisposition to MetS. We fitted generalized additive models for thermal intolerance/sensation using body mass index (BMI) and waist–hip ratio in women, and identified those with higher/lower thermal intolerance/sensation than those predicted by the models. Higher heat intolerance, higher heat sensation, and lower cold intolerance were associated with a higher prevalence of MetS. The risk of having MetS was increased in those who had two or three associated conditions compared with those with none of these conditions. In an analysis for MetS components, significant associations of thermal sensitivity were present with high glucose, triglyceride, and blood pressure levels. Overall, higher heat intolerance/sensation and lower cold intolerance were associated with increased prevalence of MetS even at a similar level of obesity. Our study indicates that evaluation of thermal sensitivity may help identify individuals at high risk for MetS, and lead to more advanced patient stratification and personalized treatment strategies for MetS, including cold-induced thermogenesis.
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Xing Y, Chen J, Liu J, Ma H. Associations Between GGT/HDL and MAFLD: A Cross-Sectional Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:383-394. [PMID: 35177915 PMCID: PMC8843704 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s342505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the association between γ-glutamyl transpeptidase to high-density lipoprotein ratio (GGT/HDL), triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TYG-BMI), and metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in a Chinese population with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) by cross-sectional analysis. To investigate the role of GGT/HDL played in MAFLD by TYG-BMI. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 1434 adult patients hospitalized with T2DM at Hebei General Hospital (Shijiazhuang, China) were included in the study. Patients' demographic and clinical data were collected. Spearman correlation was used to test for an association between GGT/HDL or TYG-BMI and related risk factors of MAFLD among T2DM patients. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between GGT/HDL or TYG-BMI and MAFLD. Mediation analysis was used to explore whether TYG-BMI mediated the association between GGT/HDL and MAFLD. RESULTS A total of 1434 T2DM patients were enrolled, the MAFLD group showed a higher level of GGT/HDL compared to the non-MAFLD group. There was a progressive increase in the prevalence of MAFLD with increasing tertiles of GGT/HDL. After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that high levels of GGT/HDL were independent risk factors for MAFLD in T2DM patients. BMI further grouped the patients: ≤ 23kg/m2,>23kg/m2. GGT/HDL was found to be an independent risk factor for MAFLD but only in T2DM patients with a BMI greater than 23 kg/m2. Mediation analysis indicated that GGT/HDL had a significant direct effect on MAFLD. CONCLUSION GGT/HDL was positively associated with MAFLD incidence in T2DM patients with a BMI greater than 23 Kg/m2, and TYG-BMI partly mediated the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Huijuan Ma, Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 18032838686, Email
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Thackrey E, Chen J, Martino CR, Preda V. The effects of diet on weight and metabolic outcomes in patients with double diabetes: A systematic review. Nutrition 2021; 94:111536. [PMID: 34936947 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
With the global rise in obesity and the metabolic syndrome, double diabetes is increasingly prevalent in patients with type 1 diabetes. This review investigated the effects of diet on weight management and metabolic outcomes in patients with double diabetes. MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ERIC, and Web of Science databases were searched through September 2020. Population- or individual-level dietary interventions, and observational studies investigating dietary patterns in adults with type 1 diabetes and overweight or obesity, were eligible for inclusion. The quality of studies was assessed. Four eligible studies were included in this review, comprising two randomized controlled trials, one pretest-posttest study, and one cross-sectional study. Study populations included between 10 and 1040 participants. Dietary interventions included the Mediterranean diet, low-fat diet, intermittent fasting, continuous energy restriction, and a combination of fasting and a standardized low-calorie diabetic diet (LCD). Significant weight loss was observed within groups for low-fat diet, Mediterranean diet, fasting, LCD with fasting, intermittent fasting, or continuous energy restriction, but there were no between-group differences. Weight maintenance was only achieved in interventions where fasting or intermittent fasting were present. Dietary interventions in published data failed to demonstrate effects on metabolic syndrome. Larger sample, high-quality trials conducted over longer periods are urgently required to determine the efficacy of diet for weight management and improving metabolic outcomes in individuals with double diabetes. This would provide much needed evidence-based guidance for dietary interventions, which are well known to be the cornerstone of clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Thackrey
- The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Juliana Chen
- The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Healthy Weight Clinic, MQ Health, Macquarie University Hospital, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia.
| | - Chantelle-Rose Martino
- The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Veronica Preda
- Healthy Weight Clinic, MQ Health, Macquarie University Hospital, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia
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Cheng G, Ma T, Deng Z, Gutiérrez-Gamboa G, Ge Q, Xu P, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Meng J, Reiter RJ, Fang Y, Sun X. Plant-derived melatonin from food: a gift of nature. Food Funct 2021; 12:2829-2849. [PMID: 33877242 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03213a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, people have become increasingly interested in bioactive ingredients from plants, especially antioxidant molecules such as melatonin, which are beneficial to human health. The purpose of this article is to provide new information on plant-derived foods with a high content of melatonin. We comprehensively summarize the content of melatonin in plant-derived foods and discuss the factors that influence melatonin levels to provide new ideas on enhancement. Additionally, we describe the biosynthetic pathway of melatonin and identify its major functions. Medicinal herbs are often rich in melatonin while many vegetables and fruits exhibit somewhat lower levels with wide variations among species. The genetic traits of plants, the phenological stage of the cultivar, the photoperiod, the level of stress to which the plants are exposed at the time of harvest, exposure to agrochemicals and determination methods are the main factors affecting the melatonin content. To date, standardization of uniform sampling times and the use of suitable pretreatments as well as determination methods have not been achieved. The results of the studies reviewed highlight the potentially important role of plant melatonin in influencing the progression of human diseases. Based on the health promotional aspects of melatonin, consuming foods containing higher concentrations of tryptophan and melatonin is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Cheng
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Preoperative Cardiac Diagnostics in Bariatric Patients with Diabetes and Perioperative Morbidity: Results of a Cohort of 258 Patients. Obes Surg 2021; 31:2607-2613. [PMID: 33660152 PMCID: PMC8113137 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05300-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The combination of obesity and diabetes mellitus are well-known risk factors for cardiovascular complications and perioperative morbidity in metabolic surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate effectivity and reliability of the cardiac assessment in patients with diabetes prior to bariatric surgery. Setting Private, university-affiliated teaching hospital, Switzerland Material and Methods Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on results and consequences of cardiac assessments in 258 patients with obesity and diabetes scheduled for primary bariatric surgery at our institution between January 2010 and December 2018. Results Out of 258 patients, 246 (95.3%) received cardiac diagnostics: 173 (67.1%) underwent stress-rest myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS), 15 (5.8%) patients had other cardiac imaging including cardiac catheterization, 58 (22.5%) patients had echocardiography and/or stress electrocardiography, and 12 (4.7%) patients received no cardiac evaluation. Subsequently, cardiac catheterization was performed in 28 patients (10.9%), and coronary heart disease was detected and treated in 15 subjects (5.8%). Of these 15 individuals, 5 (33.3%) patients had diffuse vascular sclerosis, 8 (53.3%) patients underwent coronary angioplasty and stenting, and 2 (13.3%) patients coronary artery bypass surgery. Bariatric surgery was performed without perioperative cardiovascular events in all 258 patients. Conclusion Our data suggest that a detailed cardiac assessment is mandatory in bariatric patients with diabetes to identify those with yet unknown cardiovascular disease before performing bariatric surgery. We recommend carrying out myocardial perfusion scintigraphy as a reliable diagnostic tool in this vulnerable population. If not viable, stress echocardiography should be performed as a minimum.
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Szilagyi A, Smith BE, Sebbag N, Xue X. Global associations of national economic wealth are more robust with inflammatory bowel diseases than with obesity. Med Hypotheses 2021; 148:110505. [PMID: 33515916 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory bowel diseases consisting of Crohn's and ulcerative colitis have expanded into previously low incidence areas of the world. The spread follows the relatively recent pandemic of global obesity. Pathological relations have been proposed between these two diseases. Both inflammatory bowel diseases and obesity originated in wealthier western societies marked by high gross domestic product per capita. The pathogenic influence of national wealth on the inflammatory bowel diseases has been recognized but are less clear with obesity. Parallel correlations of national wealth with obesity would further strengthen relations between these two diseases. Alternatively, diverging relations could suggest that obesity is less dependent on wealth. As such it would supports another earlier hypothesis that obesity depends on adoption of western diet which precedes national acquisition of wealth. Previously ecological modifiers of global disease patterns, including latitude and lactose digestion status have shown different influences on IBD compared with obesity. We evaluate. the influence of the Gross Domestic Product on these two diseases taking into consideration the former's relationship with ecological markers. Patterns of correlations could suggest contributing mechanisms how these ecological parameters influence some disease distributions. The literature and internet were searched for national rates of obesity, inflammatory bowel diseases, national gross domestic product per capita and national lactase distribution rates. National average latitudes were calculated previously. Pearson correlations were used to compare variables in three regions; global, European and Asian theaters. SAS statistical package was used and statistical significance was accepted at p < 0.05. Globally and in Europe correlations of gross domestic product were moderate and significant r = 0.55 and r = 0.6 respectively with Crohn's disease but weaker with ulcerative colitis. The results were negligible in Asia. Obesity was weakly correlated with gross domestic product globally r = 0.32 and negligible in Europe and Asia. In addition, gross domestic product was moderately correlated with latitude r = 0.6, and inversely with lactase non persistence r = -0.6 both globally and in Europe. This relationship is similar to that with inflammatory bowel diseases, but less related to obesity. Overall results suggest unequal effect of national wealth and industrialization on obesity and inflammatory bowel diseases. It has been suggested that western type diet precedes full industrialization and this could promote obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Szilagyi
- Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal QC, Canada.
| | - Brian E Smith
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill University, Canada
| | | | - Xiaoqing Xue
- Department of Emergency Medicine Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal QC, Canada
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Obese Mice with Dyslipidemia Exhibit Meibomian Gland Hypertrophy and Alterations in Meibum Composition and Aqueous Tear Production. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228772. [PMID: 33233559 PMCID: PMC7699756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia may be linked to meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and altered meibum lipid composition. The purpose was to determine if plasma and meibum cholesteryl esters (CE), triglycerides (TG), ceramides (Cer) and sphingomyelins (SM) change in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity where mice develop dyslipidemia. METHODS Male C57/BL6 mice (8/group, age = 6 wks) were fed a normal (ND; 15% kcal fat) or an obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD; 42% kcal fat) for 10 wks. Tear production was measured and meibography was performed. Body and epididymal adipose tissue (eAT) weights were determined. Nano-ESI-MS/MS and LC-ESI-MS/MS were used to detect CE, TG, Cer and SM species. Data were analyzed by principal component analysis, Pearson's correlation and unpaired t-tests adjusted for multiple comparisons; significance set at p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Compared to ND mice, HFD mice gained more weight and showed heavier eAT and dyslipidemia with higher levels of plasma CE, TG, Cer and SM. HFD mice had hypertrophic meibomian glands, increased levels of lipid species acylated by saturated fatty acids in plasma and meibum and excessive tear production. CONCLUSIONS The majority of meibum lipid species with saturated fatty acids increased with HFD feeding with evidence of meibomian gland hypertrophy and excessive tearing. The dyslipidemia is associated with altered meibum composition, a key feature of MGD.
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Obesity and insulin sensitivity effects on cardiovascular risk factors: Comparisons of obese dysglycemic youth and adults. Pediatr Diabetes 2019; 20:849-860. [PMID: 31301210 PMCID: PMC6786916 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and pubertal insulin resistance worsen cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in youth. It is unclear how the relationships of obesity and insulin resistance with CV risk compare to adults. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We evaluated 66 pubertal youth (mean ± SD: age 14.2 ± 2.0 years, body mass index [BMI] 36.6 ± 6.0 kg/m2 , hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] 38.5 ± 6.1 mmol/mol) and 355 adults with comparable BMI (age 52.7 ± 9.4 years, BMI 35.1 ± 5.1 kg/m2 , HbA1c 39.8 ± 4.2 mmol/mol) participating in a multicenter study. Insulin sensitivity was quantified using hyperglycemic clamps. Assessment of CV risk factors was standardized across sites. Regression analyses compared the impact of insulin sensitivity and CV risk factors between youth and adults. RESULTS Obese pubertal youth were more insulin resistant than comparably obese adults (P < .001), but with similar slopes for the inverse relationship between insulin sensitivity and obesity. The impact of obesity on CV risk factors was explained by insulin sensitivity (P = NS after adjustment for sensitivity). The two age groups did not differ in relationships between insulin sensitivity and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, after adjusting for obesity. However, while systolic blood pressure (SBP) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol exhibited the expected direct and inverse relationships, respectively with insulin sensitivity in adults, these slopes were flat in youth across the range of insulin sensitivity (P ≤ .05 for group differences). CONCLUSIONS Effects of obesity on CV risk factors were attributable to insulin sensitivity in both groups. The relationships between insulin sensitivity and CV risk factors were similar in obese youth and adult groups except for SBP and HDL cholesterol. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The RISE consortium studies are registered through Clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01779362 (Adult Medication Study); NCT01763346 (Adult Surgery Study); and NCT01779375 (Pediatric Medication Study). Clinical trial registration numbers: NCT01779362, NCT01779375 and NCT01763346 at clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
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- RISE Coordinating Center, Rockville, Maryland
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15
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Szilagyi A. Relationship(s) between obesity and inflammatory bowel diseases: possible intertwined pathogenic mechanisms. Clin J Gastroenterol 2019; 13:139-152. [PMID: 31452062 PMCID: PMC7101293 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-019-01037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn's and ulcerative colitis have increased in incidence and prevalence from the mid-eighteen to the late nineteen centuries. From then to the current twenty-first century there has been a more rapid expansion of these disease to areas previously experiencing low rates. This latter expansion coincides with the current obesity pandemic which also began toward the end of the last century. Although the two diseases have radically different frequencies, there are interesting links between them. Four areas link the diseases. On an epidemiological level, IBD tends to follow a north-south gradient raising the importance of vitamin D in protection. Obesity has very weak relationship with latitude, but both diseases follow adult lactase distributions colliding in this plane. Is it possible that obesity (a low vitamin D condition with questionable response to supplements) reduces effects in IBD? On a pathogenic level, pro-inflammatory processes mark both IBD and obesity. The similarity raises the question of whether obesity could facilitate the development of IBD. Features of the metabolic syndrome occur in both, with or without obesity in IBD. The fourth interaction between the two diseases is the apparent effect of obesity on the course of IBD. There are suggestions that obesity may reduce the efficacy of biologic agents. Yet there is some suggestion also that obesity may reduce the need for hospitalization and surgery. The apparent co-expansion of both obesity and IBD suggests similar environmental changes may be involved in the promotion of both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Szilagyi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University Medical School, 3755 Cote St Catherine Rd, Room E110, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.
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Lewis MT, Kasper JD, Bazil JN, Frisbee JC, Wiseman RW. Skeletal muscle energetics are compromised only during high-intensity contractions in the Goto-Kakizaki rat model of type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 317:R356-R368. [PMID: 31188651 PMCID: PMC6732426 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00127.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) presents with hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, affecting over 30 million people in the United States alone. Previous work has hypothesized that mitochondria are dysfunctional in T2D and results in both reduced ATP production and glucose disposal. However, a direct link between mitochondrial function and T2D has not been determined. In the current study, the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat model of T2D was used to quantify mitochondrial function in vitro and in vivo over a broad range of contraction-induced metabolic workloads. During high-frequency sciatic nerve stimulation, hindlimb muscle contractions at 2- and 4-Hz intensities, the GK rat failed to maintain similar bioenergetic steady states to Wistar control (WC) rats measured by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy, despite similar force production. Differences were not due to changes in mitochondrial content in red (RG) or white gastrocnemius (WG) muscles (cytochrome c oxidase, RG: 22.2 ± 1.6 vs. 23.3 ± 1.7 U/g wet wt; WG: 10.8 ± 1.1 vs. 12.1 ± 0.9 U/g wet wt; GK vs. WC, respectively). Mitochondria isolated from muscles of GK and WC rats also showed no difference in mitochondrial ATP production capacity in vitro, measured by high-resolution respirometry. At lower intensities (0.25-1 Hz) there were no detectable differences between GK and WC rats in sustained energy balance. There were similar phosphocreatine concentrations during steady-state contraction and postcontractile recovery (τ = 72 ± 6 s GK versus 71 ± 2 s WC). Taken together, these results suggest that deficiencies in skeletal muscle energetics seen at higher intensities are not due to mitochondrial dysfunction in the GK rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Lewis
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Jonathan D Kasper
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Jason N Bazil
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Jefferson C Frisbee
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert W Wiseman
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Zhu M, Xu X, Hou Y, Han J, Wang J, Zheng Q, Hao H. Boronic Derivatization of Monoacylglycerol and Monitoring in Biofluids. Anal Chem 2019; 91:6724-6729. [PMID: 31002228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Monoacylglycerols (MAGs) are active mediators involved in multiple biological processes closely related to the pathological development of diabetes, obesity, and cancers. Sensitive and unambiguous detection of MAGs is thus essential; however, previous methods are both indirect and labor-intensive. Herein, we developed a straightforward approach by derivatization of MAGs with 3-nitrophenylboronic acid (3-NPB) for sensitive and selective analysis in cell lysates, tissues, and serums by mass spectrometry (MS). Reaction occurring between boronic acid and cis-diol moiety of MAGs blocked the formation of multiple adduct ions and tuned MAGs to negatively charged carrying species. In addition, the characteristic isotopic distribution of boron specialized the presence of modified MAGs in MS and led to distinctive identification. To eliminate endogenous interferences, we further introduced isotopic labeled d4-NPB equivalently premixed with d0-NPB to perform MAG derivatization, which resulted in rapid identification of modified MAGs in biofluids by displaying doublet peak characteristics. A comparative quantification approach was thereafter evoluted to reveal the amount variation of MAGs by d0-NPB and d4-NPB separately derivatized in different pathological tissue and serum samples. The presently developed NPB-based derivatization approach is expected to be essential in the metabolic study of MAG-related diseases.
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Negi PC, Sondhi S, Merwaha R, Asotra S. Prevalence and risk determinants of metabolic syndrome in obese worksite workers in hill city of Himachal Pradesh, India. Indian Heart J 2019; 71:45-51. [PMID: 31000182 PMCID: PMC6477127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We report prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MS) in the obese workforce of organized sector in hill city of Himachal Pradesh (HP), India. METHODS The cross-sectional survey study of employees of organized sectors in Shimla city of HP, India, was conducted to collect data of demographics, health behavior, psychosocial factors, anthropometry, blood pressure, and blood chemistry to measure blood glucose and lipid profile in fasting state in 3004 employees using validated tools. Out of 3004 subjects screened, data of 418 subjects with body mass index of ≥30 are analyzed to estimate the prevalence of MS and its risk determinants. The association of demographics, health behavior, and psychosocial factors as the risk determinants were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression modeling. RESULTS MS was prevalent in 57.6% [95% confidence interval (CI): 52.8%-62.3%]. The central obesity (odds ratio: 10.6, 95% CI: 2.32-48.4) and consumption of frequent or daily alcohol (odds ratio: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.05-3.59),and extra salt (odds ratio: 3.34, 95% CI: 1.09-10.2) were independent risk factors for MS. The consumption of tobacco, vegetables, sugar-sweetened drinks, physical inactivity, and psychosocial factors had no significant association with MS in obese population. CONCLUSIONS MS is highly prevalent among obese employees of organized sector. The consumption of alcohol and extra salt were major behavioral risk factors for MS and therefore have important implications in behavioral modifications for prevention of MS among obese employees in organized sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Negi
- Chandar Kant Research Associate II MRU, IGMC Shimla, HP, India.
| | - Sachin Sondhi
- Chandar Kant Research Associate II MRU, IGMC Shimla, HP, India
| | - Rajeev Merwaha
- Chandar Kant Research Associate II MRU, IGMC Shimla, HP, India
| | - Sanjeev Asotra
- Chandar Kant Research Associate II MRU, IGMC Shimla, HP, India
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Sheikh MS, Sheikh IS, Khan SMS, Mir S. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among adult population of District Srinagar. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-018-0704-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Saleem SM, Jan SS, Haq I, Khan SMS. Identification of risk factors affecting impaired glucose metabolism among the adult population of district Srinagar. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1047-1051. [PMID: 31336442 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World has seen an emerging trend of diabetes among adolescents and moderately aged people over the last decade. The aim of the study was to identify the risk factors associated with impaired glucose metabolism and the prevalence of impaired glucose metabolism among the adult population of district Srinagar. METHODS Multi-stage cluster random sampling design was used and from each household, participants were selected using a Kish grid method. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected. The participants were then subjected to fasting venous blood glucose estimation. RESULTS Age, waist circumference, hip circumference, weight, and body mass index were all statistically significant between normoglycemic participants and those with impaired glucose metabolism (p < 0.018). On logistic regression, subjects who had a higher BMI were more likely to develop Impaired glucose metabolism (OR = 3.52, OR 95% CI = 1.25-9.87); Moreover, consumption of carbonated drinks, (3-6 times/week OR = 4.40, OR 95% CI = 2.06-9.40; >6 times/week OR = 11.04, OR 95% CI = 0.86-140.66) was found to be a potential risk factor. Participants with a family history of diabetes were more susceptible to develop impaired glucose metabolism (OR = 6.41, OR 95% CI = 3.22-12.78). The risk effect of these factors was even stronger before adjusting for age, sex, family history of diabetes, and BMI in participants. CONCLUSION Risk factors for impaired glucose metabolism include increasing age, obesity, and higher consumption of carbonated drinks, hypertension, smoking behavior, high-calorie diet intake and positive family history of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Mohd Saleem
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, India.
| | - Shah Sumaya Jan
- Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Srinagar, India
| | - Inaamul Haq
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, India
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Obesity and inactivity, not hyperglycemia, cause exercise intolerance in individuals with type 2 diabetes: Solving the obesity and inactivity versus hyperglycemia causality dilemma. Med Hypotheses 2019; 123:110-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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22
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Chan NPT, Tarrant M, Ngan E, So HK, Lok KYW, Nelson EAS. Agreement between self-/home-measured and assessor-measured waist circumference at three sites in adolescents/children. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193355. [PMID: 29565976 PMCID: PMC5863965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the validity of the self-/home-measured waist circumference (WC) method in children/adolescents at three sites: at the level of the umbilicus, immediately above the iliac crest, and at the midpoint of the lower margin of the last palpable rib and top of the iliac crest. A cross-sectional study of 3360 Hong Kong Chinese children/adolescents was conducted, with 2980 (88.7%) participants included in the final analysis. The WC of children aged 6 to 9 was measured at the three sites by their parent/guardian at home followed by measurement by trained assessors at school within one week. Children/adolescents between the ages of 10 and 17 self-measured their WC at the three sites during school hours, followed by measurements by the trained assessors. Bland-Altman limits of agreement (LOA) analysis was performed to evaluate between-measurement agreement. The difference between assessor- and self-/home-measured WC was defined as ≤ ±2.5 cm for the upper and lower LOA at all three sites as an a priori criterion based on the assessor-measured inter-rater results. The results showed that most measurements (about 96%) at each site was within 95% of the LOA. Of the three measurement sites, the smallest LOA interval width was found at the umbilicus site, with an upper LOA of 5.08 and 7.13 and lower LOA of -2.61 and -3.43 in boys and girls, respectively. In conclusion, the range of LOA was relatively large, exceeding the acceptable limits of the predefined a priori criterion of upper and lower LOA, and thus suggesting disagreement between the two measurement methods. The use of WC as a measure of abdominal obesity in clinical practice/epidemiological studies should be restricted to measurement by trained health professionals/research staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Po Tai Chan
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Marie Tarrant
- School of Nursing, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Canada
| | - Esther Ngan
- Biostatistics and Clinical Research Methodology Unit, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Hung Kwan So
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Kris Yuet Wan Lok
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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γ-Glutamyltransferase Fractions in Obese Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes: Relation to Insulin Sensitivity and Effects of Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2017; 28:1363-1371. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-017-3017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Poursharifi P, Madiraju SRM, Prentki M. Monoacylglycerol signalling and ABHD6 in health and disease. Diabetes Obes Metab 2017; 19 Suppl 1:76-89. [PMID: 28880480 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism dysregulation underlies chronic pathologies such as obesity, diabetes and cancer. Besides their role in structure and energy storage, lipids are also important signalling molecules regulating multiple biological functions. Thus, understanding the precise lipid metabolism enzymatic steps that are altered in some pathological conditions is helpful for designing better treatment strategies. Several monoacylglycerol (MAG) species are only recently being recognized as signalling lipid molecules in different tissues. Recent studies indicated the importance of the ubiquitously expressed serine hydrolase α/β-hydrolase domain 6 (ABHD6), which is a MAG hydrolase, in regulating signalling competent MAG in both central and peripheral tissues. The central and peripheral function of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol, which is a 2-MAG, and its breakdown by both ABHD6 and classical MAG lipase has been well documented. ABHD6 and its substrate MAG appear to be involved in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes including insulin secretion, adipose browning, food intake, neurotransmission, autoimmune disorders, neurological and metabolic diseases as well as cancer. Diverse cellular targets such as mammalian unc13-1 (Munc13-1), PPARs, GPR119 and CB1/2 receptors, for MAG-mediated signalling processes have been proposed in different cell types. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the current state of knowledge regarding ABHD6/MAG signalling and its possible therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Poursharifi
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sri Ramachandra Murthy Madiraju
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marc Prentki
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montreal, Canada
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Porfirio MC, Gomes de Almeida JP, Stornelli M, Giovinazzo S, Purper-Ouakil D, Masi G. Can melatonin prevent or improve metabolic side effects during antipsychotic treatments? Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:2167-2174. [PMID: 28860773 PMCID: PMC5560235 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s127564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) were more frequently used than typical antipsychotics for treating both psychotic and nonpsychotic psychiatric disorders in both children and adolescents, because of their lower risk of adverse neurological effects, that is, extrapyramidal symptoms. Recent studies have pointed out their effect on weight gain and increased visceral adiposity as they induce metabolic syndrome. Patients receiving SGAs often need to be treated with other substances to counteract metabolic side effects. In this paper, we point out the possible protective effect of add-on melatonin treatment in preventing, mitigating, or even reversing SGAs metabolic effects, improving quality of life and providing safer long-term treatments in pediatric patients. Melatonin is an endogenous indolamine secreted during darkness by the pineal gland; it plays a key role in regulating the circadian rhythm, generated by the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus, and has many other biological functions, including chronobiotic, antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging effects, and diminishing oxidative injury and fat distribution. It has been hypothesized that SGAs cause adverse metabolic effects that may be restored by nightly administration of melatonin because of its influence on autonomic and hormonal outputs. Interestingly, atypical anti-psychotics (AAPs) can cause several sleep disorders, and circadian misalignment can influence hormones involved in the metabolic regulation, such as insulin, leptin, and ghrelin; furthermore, a relationship between obesity and sleep curtailment has been demonstrated, as well as sleep deprivation in rats has been associated with hyperphagia. Metabolic effects of melatonin, both central and peripheral, direct and indirect, target most metabolic disorders reported during and after SGA treatment in children, adolescents, and adults. Further systematic studies on psychiatric patients are needed to explore the effect of add-on melatonin on metabolic side effects of SGAs, independent of energy intake, diet, and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maddalena Stornelli
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Giovinazzo
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Diane Purper-Ouakil
- Unit of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Gabriele Masi
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
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Deochand C, Tong M, Agarwal AR, Cadenas E, de la Monte SM. Tobacco Smoke Exposure Impairs Brain Insulin/IGF Signaling: Potential Co-Factor Role in Neurodegeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 50:373-86. [PMID: 26682684 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human studies suggest tobacco smoking is a risk factor for cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, experimental data linking tobacco smoke exposures to underlying mediators of neurodegeneration, including impairments in brain insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling in AD are lacking. OBJECTIVE This study tests the hypothesis that cigarette smoke (CS) exposures can impair brain insulin/IGF signaling and alter expression of AD-associated proteins. METHODS Adult male A/J mice were exposed to air for 8 weeks (A8), CS for 4 or 8 weeks (CS4, CS8), or CS8 followed by 2 weeks recovery (CS8+R). Gene expression was measured by qRT-PCR analysis and proteins were measured by multiplex bead-based or direct binding duplex ELISAs. RESULTS CS exposure effects on insulin/IGF and insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins and phosphorylated proteins were striking compared with the mRNA. The main consequences of CS4 or CS8 exposures were to significantly reduce insulin R, IGF-1R, IRS-1, and tyrosine phosphorylated insulin R and IGF-1R proteins. Paradoxically, these effects were even greater in the CS8+R group. In addition, relative levels of S312-IRS-1, which inhibits downstream signaling, were increased in the CS4, CS8, and CS8+R groups. Correspondingly, CS and CS8+R exposures inhibited expression of proteins and phosphoproteins required for signaling through Akt, PRAS40, and/or p70S6K, increased AβPP-Aβ, and reduced ASPH protein, which is a target of insulin/IGF-1 signaling. CONCLUSION Secondhand CS exposures caused molecular and biochemical abnormalities in brain that overlap with the findings in AD, and many of these effects were sustained or worsened despite short-term CS withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetram Deochand
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Divisions of Gastroenterology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ming Tong
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Divisions of Gastroenterology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Amit R Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Enrique Cadenas
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Suzanne M de la Monte
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Divisions of Gastroenterology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Divisions of Neuropathology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Khan T, Macaulay S, Norris SA, Micklesfield LK, Watson ED. Physical activity and the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus amongst pregnant women living in Soweto: a study protocol. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2016; 16:66. [PMID: 27756289 PMCID: PMC5070198 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-016-0345-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Over the past decade the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has increased rapidly in both developed and developing countries and has become a growing health concern worldwide. A recent systematic review highlighted the paucity of data available on the prevalence and potential burden of GDM in Africa, which was emphasised by the fact that only 11 % of African countries were represented in the review. In South Africa, the prevalence of GDM remains unknown, although one would estimate it to be high due to urbanisation and the growing obesity epidemic. In addition, the association between physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and GDM is not well understood in this population. The aim of the proposed research is to determine whether there is an association between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and risk for GDM in pregnant black women living in urban Soweto in South Africa. Methods/Design This prospective cohort study of 80 participants will include pregnant women from Soweto enrolled into the Soweto First 1000 Days Study (S1000) at the MRC/Wits Departmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU) based at the Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital in Soweto, South Africa. Women will be enrolled into the S1000 Study at <14 weeks gestation, and baseline demographic and anthropometric measures will be taken at 14–18 weeks gestation (visit 1). In addition, participants will complete the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) to measure self-reported physical activity and will be given an ActiGraph accelerometer to wear for seven days to measure habitual physical activity at 14–18 weeks gestation (visit 1), and at 28–33 weeks gestation (visit 3). At visit 2 (24–28 weeks gestation) an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) will be conducted. Discussion Physical activity during pregnancy has been associated with minimum risk to a pregnancy and may play a role in improving glucose metabolism and therefore decreasing risk for GDM. This is particularly pertinent to assess amongst black South African women who are a potentially high risk population due to the high prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The findings of the study will assist in developing targeted interventions as well as feasible healthcare strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem Khan
- Centre for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Shelley Macaulay
- MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics,School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Division of Human Genetics, School of Pathology Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shane A Norris
- MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics,School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lisa K Micklesfield
- MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics,School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Estelle D Watson
- Centre for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics,School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Valensi P, Slama G. Review: Sulphonylureas and cardiovascular risk: facts and controversies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/14746514060060040301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are the principal cause of death in type 2 diabetes. The importance of glycaemic control in preventing cardiovascular complications has been demonstrated. However, some oral antidiabetic agents and especially some sulphonylureas (SU) have been accused of having a deleterious effect on cardiovascular risk. A retrospective analysis of the administrative database of Saskatchewan Health for 5,795 subjects, identified by their first-ever dispensation for an oral antidiabetic agent, suggests that a higher exposure to SUs was associated with increased mortality. Nevertheless, the effects of SUs on cardiac ATP-sensitive potassium channels in experimental studies vary between agents and studies, so that the clinical relevance of this phenomenon is unclear. Moreover, 11 years of follow-up of patients randomised to glibenclamide or chlorpropamide in the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study demonstrated no adverse effects on a range of cardiovascular end points. Despite SU structural differences and differences in binding to cardiac SU receptors, the clinical evidence base does not support the selection of one sulphonylurea over another on the basis of ischaemic preconditioning, possibly because ischaemic preconditioning may be blunted or absent in diabetes. The main objective remains the prevention or delay of diabetic complications through improvement of glycaemic control together with other cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Valensi
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition, Jean Verdier Hospital, AP-HP, Paris-Nord University, Bondy-France,
| | - Gérard Slama
- Diabetology Department, Hotel-Dieu Hospital, 1 place du Parvis Notre-Dame, Paris 75004, France
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Model Programs to Address Obesity and Cardiometabolic Disease: Interventions for Suboptimal Nutrition and Sedentary Lifestyles. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2016; 97:S238-46. [PMID: 27422346 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Problems posed by obesity-related endocrine diseases embody a national health crisis. Caloric excess and sedentary lifestyle from which they develop also pose significant challenges for rehabilitation providers. Almost two thirds of the U.S. population are currently overweight or obese, a number that has increased by >10% within the last decade and is expected to grow. An overweight body habitus is strongly associated with clinical hazards, including cardiometabolic syndrome, diabetes hypertension, and coronary artery disease. The component health risks of the cardiometabolic syndrome include coalescing of risk factors that predict a health calamity unless effective interventions can be developed and widely adopted. Obesity by itself is now considered an American Diabetes Association-qualified disability, but it is also disturbingly prevalent in other physical disability groupings of adults and children. This monograph describes successes of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), a National Institutes of Health multisite randomized controlled trial that reported significant weight reduction and a 58% decreased incidence of type-2 diabetes accompanying 1 year of structured lifestyle intervention. This treatment benefit (1) exceeded that of metformin pharmacotherapy, (2) was so powerful that the trial was closed before reaching endpoints, and (3) was judged cost-effective for the patient and society. The DPP roadmap incorporating physical activity, diet, and behavioral approaches has been widely adapted to specific community, faith, racial, ethnic, school, and national populations with excellent outcomes success. The lockstep physical activity approach, activity prescription, and long-term success of the program are described and compared with other programs to illustrate effective countermeasures for the pandemics of obesity and obesity-related cardioendocrine disease. We will illustrate adaptation of the DPP for a cohort of persons with disability from spinal cord injury and the benefits observed.
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Reynolds K, Wood J, Wang F, Zhou Z, Blanchard C, Strappe P. Extracts of common pulses demonstrate potent in vitro
anti-adipogenic properties. Int J Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Reynolds
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Boorooma St Wagga Wagga NSW 2678 Australia
- Plant Industry; CSIRO; Clunies Ross Street Black Mountain ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Jenny Wood
- Department of Primary Industries; Tamworth Agricultural Institute; 4 Marsden Park Road Calala NSW 2340 Australia
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety; Ministry of Education; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Zhongkai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety; Ministry of Education; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Christopher Blanchard
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Boorooma St Wagga Wagga NSW 2678 Australia
- Australian Research Council Functional Grains Centre; Charles Sturt University; Boorooma St Wagga Wagga NSW 2678 Australia
| | - Padraig Strappe
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Boorooma St Wagga Wagga NSW 2678 Australia
- Australian Research Council Functional Grains Centre; Charles Sturt University; Boorooma St Wagga Wagga NSW 2678 Australia
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Association of body composition and eating behavior in the normal weight obese syndrome. Eat Weight Disord 2016; 21:99-106. [PMID: 26347355 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-015-0215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Our aim was to identify psychological and behavioral characteristics of women affected by normal weight obese (NWO) syndrome. METHODS Anthropometric, body composition, eating behavior and physical activity were evaluated in 79 women. RESULTS 48.10 % of the subjects were found to be normalweight obese (NWO), 22.79 % normalweight lean (NWL), and 29.11 % pre-obese-obese (PreOB/OB) according to BMI and body composition. Significant differences (p < 0.001) among the groups were identified on analysis of the subscales of the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), suggesting progressively increased presence of psychopathology relative to body composition. In a further analysis, results of the subscales of the EDI-2 were compared with body composition parameters, revealing that BMI co-varied with body composition variables and psychological responses. %TBFat co-varied exclusively with body composition variables (height, weight, BMI, KgTBFat, and a decrease of KgTBLean (R (2) = 0.96; Q (2) = 0.94). The NWO was discriminated from PreOB/OB group (compared to BMI) only on the basis of body composition variables (R (2) = 0.68; Q (2) = 0.60). CONCLUSION NWO women appeared to find themselves at a cognitive crossroads, attaining intermediate scores on the EDI-2 between normal weight lean women and pre-obese or obese women, in particular in terms of drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction. The NWO syndrome not only conveys an increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disease, but may also significantly overlap with other eating disorders in terms of psychological symptomatology, the correct identification of which may be the key in the successful management of these patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01890070.
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Yu R, Deochand C, Krotow A, Leão R, Tong M, Agarwal AR, Cadenas E, de la Monte SM. Tobacco Smoke-Induced Brain White Matter Myelin Dysfunction: Potential Co-Factor Role of Smoking in Neurodegeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 50:133-48. [PMID: 26639972 PMCID: PMC5577392 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meta-analysis studies showed that smokers have increased risk for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared with non-smokers, and neuroimaging studies revealed that smoking damages white matter structural integrity. OBJECTIVE The present study characterizes the effects of side-stream (second hand) cigarette smoke (CS) exposures on the expression of genes that regulate oligodendrocyte myelin-synthesis, maturation, and maintenance and neuroglial functions. METHODS Adult male A/J mice were exposed to air (8 weeks; A8), CS (4 or 8 weeks; CS4, CS8), or CS8 followed by 2 weeks recovery (CS8 + R). The frontal lobes were used for histology and qRT-PCR analysis. RESULTS Luxol fast blue, Hematoxylin and Eosin stained histological sections revealed CS-associated reductions in myelin staining intensity and narrowing of the corpus callosum. CS exposures broadly decreased mRNA levels of immature and mature oligodendrocyte myelin-associated, neuroglial, and oligodendrocyte-related transcription factors. These effects were more prominent in the CS8 compared with CS4 group, suggesting that molecular abnormalities linked to white matter atrophy and myelin loss worsen with duration of CS exposure. Recovery normalized or upregulated less than 25% of the suppressed genes; in most cases, inhibition of gene expression was either sustained or exacerbated. CONCLUSION CS exposures broadly inhibit expression of genes needed for myelin synthesis and maintenance. These adverse effects often were not reversed by short-term CS withdrawal. The results support the hypothesis that smoking contributes to white matter degeneration, and therefore could be a key risk factor for a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Yu
- Liver Research Center, Divisions of Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Gastroenterology and Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Chetram Deochand
- Liver Research Center, Divisions of Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Gastroenterology and Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology Graduate Program at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alexander Krotow
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology Graduate Program at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Raiane Leão
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ming Tong
- Liver Research Center, Divisions of Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Gastroenterology and Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Amit R. Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Enrique Cadenas
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Suzanne M. de la Monte
- Liver Research Center, Divisions of Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Gastroenterology and Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Neuropathology, and Departments of Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Bettaieb A, Hosein E, Chahed S, Abdulaziz A, Kucera H, Gaikwad NW, Haj FG. Decreased adiposity and enhanced glucose tolerance in shikonin treated mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:2269-77. [PMID: 26374090 PMCID: PMC4710365 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity represents a major public health problem, and identifying natural compounds that modulate energy balance and glucose homeostasis is of interest for combating obesity and its associated disorders. The naphthoquinone shikonin has diverse beneficial properties including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-microbial effects. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of shikonin on adiposity and glucose homeostasis. METHODS The metabolic effects of shikonin treatment on mice fed regular chow or challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD) were determined. RESULTS Shikonin treated mice fed regular chow exhibited improved glucose tolerance compared with controls. In addition, shikonin treated mice fed HFD displayed decreased weight gain and resistance to HFD-induced glucose intolerance. Further, shikonin treatment decreased HFD-induced hepatic dyslipidemia. These findings correlated with enhanced hepatic insulin signaling in shikonin treated mice as evidenced by increased tyrosyl phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and enhanced downstream signaling. CONCLUSIONS These studies identify shikonin as a potential regulator of systemic glucose tolerance, energy balance, and adiposity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Ellen Hosein
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Samah Chahed
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Ahlam Abdulaziz
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Heidi Kucera
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Nilesh W. Gaikwad
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Fawaz G. Haj
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Corresponding author: Fawaz G. Haj, D.Phil. University of California Davis, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, Fax: (530) 753-8966, Tel: (530) 752-3214,
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Jiang B, Liang Y, Sun X, Liu X, Tian W, Ma X. Potent Inhibitory Effect of Chinese Dietary Spices on Fatty Acid Synthase. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 70:257-262. [PMID: 25924694 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-015-0486-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Dietary spices have been adopted in cooking since ancient times to enhance flavor and also as food preservatives and disease remedies. In China, the use of spices and other aromatic plants as food flavoring is an integral part of dietary behavior, but relatively little is known about their functions. Fatty acid synthase (FAS) has been recognized as a remedy target, and its inhibitors might be applied in disease treatment. The present work was designed to assess the inhibitory activities on FAS of spices extracts in Chinese menu. The in vitro inhibitory activities on FAS of 22 extracts of spices were assessed by spectrophotometrically monitoring oxidation of NADPH at 340 nm. Results showed that 20 spices extracts (90.9 %) exhibited inhibitory activities on FAS, with half inhibition concentration (IC(50)) values ranging from 1.72 to 810.7 μg/ml. Among them, seven spices showed strong inhibitory effect with IC(50) values lower than 10 μg/ml. These findings suggest that a large proportion of the dietary spices studied possess promising inhibitory activities on FAS, and subsequently might be applied in the treatment of obesity and obesity-related human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
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Association of RBP4 gene variants with adverse lipid profile and obesity. Gene 2015; 561:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Visceral abdominal obesity is associated with an increased risk of irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110:310-9. [PMID: 25583325 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2014.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There are several studies considering obesity as the risk factor for various lower gastrointestinal symptoms. But the relationship between visceral abdominal obesity and the incidence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is not studied yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and the risk of IBS. METHODS This is a case-control study comparing the VAT area between subjects with IBS (IBS group) and controls without IBS (non IBS group), who underwent abdomen computerized tomography (CT) for routine health checkup from January 2012 to August 2013 in a health promotion center. A telephone survey was retrospectively conducted to diagnose IBS by Rome III criteria. The association between IBS and abdominal obesity was evaluated by measuring VAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), VAT/SAT ratio, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). RESULTS The prevalence of IBS was 19.9% (67/336) among all enrolled subjects. In the univariate analysis, VAT area, VAT/SAT ratio, waist circumference, the presence of reflux esophagitis and the ratio of females were significantly higher in the IBS group than in the non IBS group. However, a higher BMI or a higher SAT area is not associated with an increased risk of IBS. In the multivariate analysis, a higher VAT area (odds ratio (OR)=9.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.90-30.64, highest tertile vs. lowest tertile, P=0.001), VAT/SAT ratio (OR=10.15, 95% CI: 3.05-33.58, highest tertile vs. lowest tertile, P=0.001) and waist circumference (OR=7.81, 95% CI: 2.13-28.66, highest tertile vs. lowest tertile, P=0.002) were independently associated with a risk of IBS. Only in the IBS-D group, not in the IBS-C, visceral adiposity was associated with an increased risk of IBS. CONCLUSIONS Visceral adiposity measured by VAT, VAT/SAT, and waist circumference is associated with an increased risk of IBS, especially of IBS-D. However, neither SAT nor BMI are associated with an increased risk of IBS.
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Navarro-Alarcon M, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Blanca-Herrera RM, Kaki A, Adem A, Agil A. Melatonin administration in diabetes: regulation of plasma Cr, V, and Mg in young male Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Food Funct 2014; 5:512-6. [PMID: 24441643 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60389j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of melatonin, a neurohormone present in plants, represents an exciting approach for the maintenance of optimum health conditions. Melatonin administration ameliorates glucose homeostasis in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of melatonin in diabetes in relation to the levels and regulation of plasma chromium (Cr), vanadium (V), and magnesium (Mg) in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) and Zucker lean (ZL) rats. At the age of 6 weeks, ZDF (n = 30) and ZL (n = 30) groups were each subdivided into three groups: control (C) (n = 10), vehicle-treated (V') (n = 10) and melatonin-treated (M) (10 mg kg(-1) per day; n = 10) groups for a 6 week period. After treatment, plasma mineral concentrations were measured by flame (Mg) and electrothermal (Cr and V) atomic absorption spectrometry. No significant differences were found between the C and V' groups (p > 0.05). Plasma Mg levels were significantly lower in C-ZDF vs. C-ZL rats, demonstrating the presence of hypomagnesemia in this diabetes mellitus model. Plasma V and Cr levels were significantly higher in M-ZDF vs. C-ZDF rats. Plasma Mg levels in ZDF rats were not affected by melatonin treatment (p > 0.05). Melatonin administration ameliorates the diabetic status of ZDF rats by enhancing plasma Cr and V concentrations. This appears to be the first report of a beneficial effect of melatonin treatment on plasma Cr and V regulation in ZDF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Navarro-Alarcon
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Spain.
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Di Renzo L, Gratteri S, Sarlo F, Cabibbo A, Colica C, De Lorenzo A. Individually tailored screening of susceptibility to sarcopenia using p53 codon 72 polymorphism, phenotypes, and conventional risk factors. DISEASE MARKERS 2014; 2014:743634. [PMID: 25371596 PMCID: PMC4211310 DOI: 10.1155/2014/743634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM p53 activity plays a role in muscle homeostasis and skeletal muscle differentiation; all pathways that lead to sarcopenia are related to p53 activities. We investigate the allelic frequency of the TP53 codon 72 in exon 4 polymorphism in the Italian female population and the association with appendicular skeletal muscle mass index in normal weight (NW), normal weight obese (NWO), and preobese-obese (Preob-Ob) subjects. METHODS We evaluated anthropometry, body composition, and p53 polymorphism in 140 women distinguished in NW, NWO, and Preob-Ob. RESULTS *Arg/*Arg genotype increases sarcopenia risk up to 20% (*Arg/*Arg genotype OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 0.48-2.9; *proallele carriers OR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.83-2.06). The risk of being sarcopenic for *Arg/*Arg genotype in NWO and Preob-Ob is 31% higher than NW carriers of *proallele (RR = 0,31, 95% CI = 0,15-0,66, P = 0,0079). We developed a model able to predict sarcopenia risk based on age, body fat, and p53 polymorphism. CONCLUSION Our study evidences that genotyping TP53 polymorphism could be a useful new genetic approach, in association with body composition evaluations, to assess sarcopenia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Di Renzo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Division of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Nuova Clinica Annunziatella, 00147 Roma, Italy
| | - Santo Gratteri
- Department of Surgery and Medical Science, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Germaneto, Italy
| | - Francesca Sarlo
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Andrea Cabibbo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmen Colica
- CNR, ISN UOS of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Roccelletta di Borgia, Italy
| | - Antonino De Lorenzo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Division of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Nuova Clinica Annunziatella, 00147 Roma, Italy
- National Institute for Mediterranean Diet and Nutrigenomics (I.N.Di.M.), 87032 Amantea, Italy
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Navarro-Alarcón M, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Blanca-Herrera RM, A-Serrano MM, Acuña-Castroviejo D, Fernández-Vázquez G, Agil A. Melatonin and metabolic regulation: a review. Food Funct 2014; 5:2806-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00317a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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41
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Burch AE, Allen MT. Stress task specific impairments of cardiovascular functioning in obese participants. Int J Psychophysiol 2014; 94:1-8. [PMID: 25017962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The role that excess adipose tissue plays in chronic inflammation gives rise to its importance as an independent risk factor in cardiovascular dysfunction. Operationalizing chronic stress as obesity, we sought to explore the relationship between obesity, perceived stress and cardiovascular reactivity and recovery from laboratory stressors. Cardiovascular function was assessed using blood pressure and heart rate. Two stress tasks (mental arithmetic and cold pressor) were employed to examine potential differences between type of stress and cardiovascular response. Body mass index (BMI) was able to predict dysfunction in both cardiovascular reactivity and recovery. Participants with a higher BMI exhibited blunted systolic blood pressure and heart rate reactivity to the mental arithmetic task. In contrast, BMI has an incongruent effect on blood pressure reactivity to the cold pressor task that is dependent on the level of perceived stress. This suggests that in some instances the effect of BMI on cardiovascular response to acute stress may be moderated by perceived stress. Further, we found greater adiposity was related to delayed heart rate recovery following both stress tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Burch
- Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi, USA.
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Keith D, Finlay L, Butler J, Gómez L, Smith E, Moreau R, Hagen T. Lipoic acid entrains the hepatic circadian clock and lipid metabolic proteins that have been desynchronized with advanced age. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:324-9. [PMID: 24944020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that lipid metabolism is controlled, in part, by circadian clocks. However, circadian clocks lose temporal precision with age and correlates with elevated incidence in dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome in older adults. Because our lab has shown that lipoic acid (LA) improves lipid homeostasis in aged animals, we hypothesized that LA affects the circadian clock to achieve these results. We fed 24 month old male F344 rats a diet supplemented with 0.2% (w/w) LA for 2 weeks prior to sacrifice and quantified hepatic circadian clock protein levels and clock-controlled lipid metabolic enzymes. LA treatment caused a significant phase-shift in the expression patterns of the circadian clock proteins Period (Per) 2, Brain and Muscle Arnt-Like1 (BMAL1), and Reverse Erythroblastosis virus (Rev-erb) β without altering the amplitude of protein levels during the light phase of the day. LA also significantly altered the oscillatory patterns of clock-controlled proteins associated with lipid metabolism. The level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α was significantly increased and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were both significantly reduced, suggesting that the LA-supplemented aged animals are in a catabolic state. We conclude that LA remediates some of the dyslipidemic processes associated with advanced age, and this mechanism may be at least partially through entrainment of circadian clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dove Keith
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, United States
| | - Liam Finlay
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, United States
| | - Judy Butler
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, United States
| | - Luis Gómez
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, United States; Biochemistry Biophysics Department, Oregon State University, United States
| | - Eric Smith
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, United States; Biochemistry Biophysics Department, Oregon State University, United States
| | - Régis Moreau
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, United States
| | - Tory Hagen
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, United States; Biochemistry Biophysics Department, Oregon State University, United States.
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Elmadhun NY, Sabe AA, Lassaletta AD, Chu LM, Kondra K, Sturek M, Sellke FW. Metabolic syndrome impairs notch signaling and promotes apoptosis in chronically ischemic myocardium. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 148:1048-55; discussion 1055. [PMID: 25037620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impaired angiogenesis is a known consequence of metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, the mechanism is not fully understood. Recent studies have shown that the notch signaling pathway is an integral component of cardiac angiogenesis. We tested, in a clinically relevant swine model, the effects of MetS on notch and apoptosis signaling in chronically ischemic myocardium. METHODS Ossabaw swine were fed either a regular diet (control [CTL], n = 8) or a high-cholesterol diet (MetS, n = 8) to induce MetS. An ameroid constrictor was placed to induce chronic myocardial ischemia. Eleven weeks later, the wine underwent cardiac harvest of the ischemic myocardium. RESULTS Downregulation of pro-angiogenesis proteins notch2, notch4, jagged2, angiopoietin 1, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase were found in the MetS group compared with the CTL group. Also, upregulation of pro-apoptosis protein caspase 8 and downregulation of anti-angiogenesis protein phosphorylated forkhead box transcription factor 03 and pro-survival proteins phosphorylated P38 and heat shock protein 90 were present in the MetS group. Cell death was increased in the MetS group compared with the CTL group. Both CTL and MetS groups had a similar arteriolar count and capillary density, and notch3 and jagged1 were both similarly concentrated in the smooth muscle wall. CONCLUSIONS MetS in chronic myocardial ischemia significantly impairs notch signaling by downregulating notch receptors, ligands, and pro-angiogenesis proteins. MetS also increases apoptosis signaling, decreases survival signaling, and increases cell death in chronically ischemic myocardium. Although short-term angiogenesis appears unaffected in this model of early MetS, the molecular signals for angiogenesis are impaired, suggesting that inhibition of notch signaling might underlie the decreased angiogenesis in later stages of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassrene Y Elmadhun
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, RI
| | - Ashraf A Sabe
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, RI
| | - Antonio D Lassaletta
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, RI
| | - Louis M Chu
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, RI
| | - Katelyn Kondra
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, RI
| | - Michael Sturek
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Frank W Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, RI.
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Oral pathobiont induces systemic inflammation and metabolic changes associated with alteration of gut microbiota. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4828. [PMID: 24797416 PMCID: PMC4010932 DOI: 10.1038/srep04828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis has been implicated as a risk factor for metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, atherosclerotic vascular diseases, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Although bacteremias from dental plaque and/or elevated circulating inflammatory cytokines emanating from the inflamed gingiva are suspected mechanisms linking periodontitis and these diseases, direct evidence is lacking. We hypothesize that disturbances of the gut microbiota by swallowed bacteria induce a metabolic endotoxemia leading metabolic disorders. To investigate this hypothesis, changes in the gut microbiota, insulin and glucose intolerance, and levels of tissue inflammation were analysed in mice after oral administration of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a representative periodontopathogens. Pyrosequencing revealed that the population belonging to Bacteroidales was significantly elevated in P. gingivalis-administered mice which coincided with increases in insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. In P. gingivalis-administered mice blood endotoxin levels tended to be higher, whereas gene expression of tight junction proteins in the ileum was significantly decreased. These results provide a new paradigm for the interrelationship between periodontitis and systemic diseases.
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Di Renzo L, Carraro A, Valente R, Iacopino L, Colica C, De Lorenzo A. Intake of red wine in different meals modulates oxidized LDL level, oxidative and inflammatory gene expression in healthy people: a randomized crossover trial. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:681318. [PMID: 24876915 PMCID: PMC4021682 DOI: 10.1155/2014/681318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have found that adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, including consumption of red wine, is associated with beneficial effects on oxidative and inflammatory conditions. We evaluate the outcome of consumption of a McDonald's Meal (McD) and a Mediterranean Meal (MM), with and without the additive effect of red wine, in order to ascertain whether the addition of the latter has a positive impact on oxidized (ox-) LDL and on expression of oxidative and inflammatory genes. A total of 24 subjects were analyzed for ox-LDL, CAT, GPX1, SOD2, SIRT2, and CCL5 gene expression levels, before and after consumption of the 4 different meal combinations with washout intervals between each meal. When red wine is associated with McD or MM, values of ox-LDL are lowered (P < 0.05) and expression of antioxidant genes is increased, while CCL5 expression is decreased (P < 0.05). SIRT2 expression after MM and fasting with red wine is significantly correlated with downregulation of CCL5 and upregulation of CAT (P < 0.001). GPX1 increased significantly in the comparison between baseline and all conditions with red wine. We highlighted for the first time the positive effect of red wine intake combined with different but widely consumed meal types on ox-LDL and gene expression. Trial Registration. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01890070.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Di Renzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00136 Roma, Italy
| | - Alberto Carraro
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00136 Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Valente
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00136 Roma, Italy
| | - Leonardo Iacopino
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00136 Roma, Italy
| | - Carmen Colica
- CNR, ISN UOS of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University Magna Graecia, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonino De Lorenzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00136 Roma, Italy
- National Institute for Mediterranean Diet and Nutrigenomics (I.N.Di.M.), Corso Vittorio Emanuele 4, 87032 Amantea, Italy
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Yin YW, Qiao L, Sun QQ, Hu AM, Liu HL, Wang Q, Hou ZZ. Influence of apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism on development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese Han population: a meta-analysis of 29 studies. Metabolism 2014; 63:532-41. [PMID: 24439487 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Published data regarding the association between apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in Chinese Han population were inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship between this variant and T2DM risk in Chinese Han population, we performed this meta-analysis. DESIGN AND METHODS A computerized literature search was conducted to identify the relevant studies from PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, CBMdisc, CNKI, and Google Scholar. Additionally, hand searching of the references of identified articles was performed. All the statistical tests were performed using Stata 11.0. RESULTS A total of 29 articles with 4615 T2DM cases and 2867 controls were included in the present meta-analysis. The results showed evidence for significant association between ApoE gene polymorphism and T2DM risk (for ε2/ε3 vs. ε3/ε3: OR=1.37, 95% CI=1.12-1.68, P<0.01; for ε3/ε4 vs. ε3/ε3: OR=1.53, 95% CI=1.23-1.91, P<0.01; for ε4/ε4 vs. ε3/ε3: OR=1.86, 95% CI=1.22-2.84, P<0.01; for ε2 allele vs. ε3 allele: OR=1.28, 95% CI=1.08-1.52, P=0.01; for ε4 allele vs. ε3 allele: OR=1.43, 95% CI=1.22-1.68, P<0.01). In addition, significant association was also found between ApoE gene polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy (DN) risk. CONCLUSIONS The results of this meta-analysis suggest that the ApoE ε2 and ε4 alleles may be associated with increased risks of T2DM and DN in Chinese Han population. Additional well-designed genome-wide association studies are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Wei Yin
- Department of Emergency, Chinese PLA Air Force General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
| | - Li Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA Air Force General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Qian-Qian Sun
- Jinsong Sanatorium of Beijing Air Force, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Min Hu
- Department of Emergency, Chinese PLA Air Force General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Li Liu
- Department of Emergency, Chinese PLA Air Force General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Emergency, Chinese PLA Air Force General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Zhen Hou
- Department of Emergency, Chinese PLA Air Force General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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Kim CJ, Park J, Kang SW. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk level in a vulnerable population. Int J Nurs Pract 2014; 21:175-83. [PMID: 24666551 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the risk level of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a vulnerable population of 407 subjects in Korea. This descriptive study was a part of the Tailed Health Visiting Service Program, using baseline data from public health centres in Suwon, Korea. The definition of metabolic syndrome was based on the National Cholesterol Education Program criteria, and risk of CVD was estimated according to the Framingham study equation. This study demonstrated that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 40.8% higher and the risk of CVD was significantly 3.1 times higher among those with metabolic syndrome than among those without it. Of those with metabolic syndrome, 50.6% overall and 81.1% of men had a high risk for CVD. These findings suggest a need to screen and prevent the risk of CVD in vulnerable populations with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ja Kim
- College of Nursing, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
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Abstract
The Africa Region (AFR), where diabetes was once rare, has witnessed a surge in the condition. Estimates for type 1 diabetes suggest that about 39,000 people suffer from the disease in 2013 with 6.4 new cases occurring per year per 100,000 people in children <14 years old. Type 2 diabetes prevalence among 20-79-year-olds is 4.9% with the majority of people with diabetes <60 years old; the highest proportion (43.2%) is in those aged 40-59 years. Figures are projected to increase with the numbers rising from 19.8 million in 2013 to 41.5 million in 2035, representing a 110% absolute increase. There is an apparent increase in diabetes prevalence with economic development in AFR with rates of 4.4% in low-income, 5.0% in lower-middle income and 7.0% in upper-middle income countries. In addition to development and increases in life-expectancy, the likely progression of people at high risk for the development of type 2 diabetes will drive the expected rise of the disease. This includes those with impaired glucose tolerance, the prevalence of which is 7.3% among 20-79-year-olds in 2013. Mortality attributable to diabetes in 2013 in AFR is expected to be over half a million with three-quarter of these deaths occurring in those <60 years old. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes remains unacceptably high at 50.7% and is much higher in low income (75.1%) compared to lower- and upper-middle income AFR countries (46.0%). This highlights the inadequate response of local health systems which need to provide accessible, affordable and optimal care for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasheeta Peer
- Chronic Diseases of Lifestyle Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | - Andre-Pascal Kengne
- Chronic Diseases of Lifestyle Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ayesha A Motala
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu - Natal, South Africa
| | - Jean Claude Mbanya
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon.
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Dietary anthocyanins as nutritional therapy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:145421. [PMID: 24282628 PMCID: PMC3824564 DOI: 10.1155/2013/145421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), defined by excessive lipid accumulation in the liver, is the hepatic manifestation of insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. Due to the epidemics of obesity, NAFLD is rapidly becoming the leading cause of altered liver enzymes in Western countries. NAFLD encompasses a wide spectrum of liver disease ranging from simple uncomplicated steatosis, to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Diet may affect the development of NAFLD either by increasing risk or by providing protective factors. Therefore, it is important to investigate the role of foods and/or food bioactives on the metabolic processes involved in steatohepatitis for preventive strategies. It has been reported that anthocyanins (ACNs) decrease hepatic lipid accumulation and may counteract oxidative stress and hepatic inflammation, but their impact on NAFLD has yet to be fully determined. ACNs are water-soluble bioactive compounds of the polyphenol class present in many vegetable products. Here, we summarize the evidence evaluating the mechanisms of action of ACNs on hepatic lipid metabolism in different experimental setting: in vitro, in vivo, and in human trials. Finally, a working model depicting the possible mechanisms underpinning the beneficial effects of ACNs in NAFLD is proposed, based on the available literature.
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Jääskeläinen A, Schwab U, Kolehmainen M, Pirkola J, Järvelin MR, Laitinen J. Associations of meal frequency and breakfast with obesity and metabolic syndrome traits in adolescents of Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:1002-1009. [PMID: 22901841 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Breakfast consumption and meal frequencies have been linked to the risk of obesity in youth but their associations with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in young populations are yet to be studied. We examined associations of three meal patterns on weekdays--five meals including breakfast, ≤four meals including breakfast and ≤four meals without breakfast--with overweight/obesity and MetS components in Finnish adolescents. METHODS AND RESULTS A population-based sample of 16-year-old boys and girls (n = 6247) from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 was used. Adolescents were clinically examined and dietary data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Overweight/obesity and MetS features were defined according to the International Obesity Task Force cut-offs and the International Diabetes Federation MetS paediatric criteria and their associations with meal patterns assessed using logistic regression, adjusted separately for early life factors (birth size, maternal health) and later childhood factors (health behaviours, weight status, parental education). After adjustment for early life factors, the adolescents who ate five meals/day were at lower risk for overweight/obesity (OR [95% CI] for boys: 0.47 [0.34, 0.65]; girls: 0.57 [0.41, 0.79]), abdominal obesity (OR [95% CI] for boys: 0.32 [0.22, 0.48]; girls: 0.54 [0.39, 0.75]) and hypertriglyceridaemia (boys only). Adjusting for later childhood factors, the five-meal-a-day pattern was associated with decreased odds of overweight/obesity (OR [95% CI] for boys: 0.41 [0.29, 0.58]; girls: 0.63 [0.45, 0.89]) and abdominal obesity in boys (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.16, 0.63). CONCLUSION Among 16-year-olds, the five-meal-a-day pattern was robustly associated with reduced risks of overweight/obesity in both genders and abdominal obesity in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jääskeläinen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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