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Park I, Kim HJ, Shin J, Jung YJ, Lee D, Lim J, Park JM, Park JW, Kim J. AFM Imaging Reveals MicroRNA-132 to be a Positive Regulator of Synaptic Functions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306630. [PMID: 38493494 PMCID: PMC11077659 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The modification of synaptic and neural connections in adults, including the formation and removal of synapses, depends on activity-dependent synaptic and structural plasticity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating these changes by targeting specific genes and regulating their expression. The fact that somatic and dendritic activity in neurons often occurs asynchronously highlights the need for spatial and dynamic regulation of protein synthesis in specific milieu and cellular loci. MicroRNAs, which can show distinct patterns of enrichment, help to establish the localized distribution of plasticity-related proteins. The recent study using atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nanoscale imaging reveals that the abundance of miRNA(miR)-134 is inversely correlated with the functional activity of dendritic spine structures. However, the miRNAs that are selectively upregulated in potentiated synapses, and which can thereby support prospective changes in synaptic efficacy, remain largely unknown. Using AFM force imaging, significant increases in miR-132 in the dendritic regions abutting functionally-active spines is discovered. This study provides evidence for miR-132 as a novel positive miRNA regulator residing in dendritic shafts, and also suggests that activity-dependent miRNAs localized in distinct sub-compartments of neurons play bi-directional roles in controlling synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikbum Park
- Technical Support Center for Chemical IndustryKorea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)Ulsan44412Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoung Shin
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Jung
- Center for Specialty ChemicalsKorea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)Ulsan44412Republic of Korea
| | - Donggyu Lee
- Division of Electronics and Information SystemDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Ji‐seon Lim
- Department of ChemistryPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Mok Park
- Technical Support Center for Chemical IndustryKorea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)Ulsan44412Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Won Park
- Department of ChemistryPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Joung‐Hun Kim
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
- Institute of Convergence ScienceYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Republic of Korea
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2
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Li JX, Shi D, Ren SY, Wu GF. Increased Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Responsive Element is Closely Associated with the Pathogenesis of Drug-resistant Epilepsy. Curr Neurovasc Res 2024; 21:54-63. [PMID: 38468526 DOI: 10.2174/0115672026290996240307072539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/01/1970] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) is a refractory neurological disorder. There is ample evidence that suggest that γ-aminobutyric acid-a (GABAA) receptors could be one of the mechanisms responsible for the development of drug resistance in epilepsy. It is also known that the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) plays a possible key role in the transcriptional regulation of GABAA. OBJECTIVE This study explores the role of CREB in the development of DRE and the effect of CREB on GABA-related receptors in DRE. METHODS The CREB expression was increased or decreased in the hippocampus of normal rats by lentiviral transfection, who then underwent the lithium-pilocarpine-induced epilepsy model. Phenobarbital (PB) sodium and carbamazepine (CBZ) were used to select a drug-resistant epileptic model. The expression levels of GABAA receptor α1, β2, and γ2 subunits and CREB protein were measured in the rat hippocampus by western blot and fluorescent quantitative PCR. RESULTS The frequency and duration of seizures increased in the overexpression group compared to that in the control group. In addition, the severity, frequency, and duration of seizures decreased in the group with decreased expression. The hippocampus analysis of the expression levels of the CREB protein and CREB mRNA yielded similar findings. Altering the CREB protein expression in the rat hippocampus could negatively regulate the expression and transcript levels of GABAA receptors α1, β2, and γ2, suggesting that CREB may serve as a potential target for the development of treatment protocols and drugs for epilepsy. CONCLUSION Our study shows that enhanced CREB expression promotes the development of DRE and negatively regulates GABAA receptor levels and that the inhibition of CREB expression may reduce the incidence of DRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xuan Li
- Clinical College of Guizhou, Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 561113, China
| | - Dai Shi
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 561113, China
| | - Si-Ying Ren
- Clinical College of Guizhou, Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 561113, China
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital/ Clinical College of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 561113, China
| | - Guo-Feng Wu
- Clinical College of Guizhou, Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 561113, China
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital/ Clinical College of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 561113, China
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Kraemer RR, Kraemer BR. The effects of peripheral hormone responses to exercise on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1202349. [PMID: 38084331 PMCID: PMC10710532 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1202349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, a considerable amount of new data have revealed the beneficial effects of exercise on hippocampal neurogenesis and the maintenance or improvement of cognitive function. Investigations with animal models, as well as human studies, have yielded novel understanding of the mechanisms through which endocrine signaling can stimulate neurogenesis, as well as the effects of exercise on acute and/or chronic levels of these circulating hormones. Considering the effects of aging on the decline of specific endocrine factors that affect brain health, insights in this area of research are particularly important. In this review, we discuss how different forms of exercise influence the peripheral production of specific endocrine factors, with particular emphasis on brain-derived neurotrophic factor, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, ghrelin, estrogen, testosterone, irisin, vascular endothelial growth factor, erythropoietin, and cortisol. We also describe mechanisms through which these endocrine responses to exercise induce cellular changes that increase hippocampal neurogenesis and improve cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R. Kraemer
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA, United States
| | - Bradley R. Kraemer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, United States
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4
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Zhao X, Liang Q, Li H, Jing Z, Pei D. Single-cell RNA sequencing and multiple bioinformatics methods to identify the immunity and ferroptosis-related biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 infections to ischemic stroke. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:8237-8257. [PMID: 37606960 PMCID: PMC10497002 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since December 2019, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is an increased risk of ischemic stroke (IS) associated with COVID-19. However, few studies have been reported to explain the potential correlation between COVID-19 and IS. METHODS We investigated the relationship and relevant mechanisms between COVID-19 and IS using single-cell RNA sequencing and multiple bioinformatics approaches. RESULTS By intersecting differentially expressed genes and WGCNA critical module genes, we obtained 73 COVID-19-related IS genes. According to the KEGG pathway analysis, the COVID-19-related IS disease genes were significantly enriched in the hematopoietic cell lineage pathway, ribosome pathway, COVID-19 pathway and primary immunodeficiency pathway. Finally, three genes associated with immunity (B4GALT5, CRISPLD2, F5) and two genes associated with ferroptosis (ACSL1, CREB5) were identified up-regulated in COVID-19-related IS. Significantly, it was found that all five genes were highly expressed in monocytes by single cell RNA sequencing. CONCLUSION We believe these genes (B4GALT5, CRISPLD2, F5, ACSL1, CREB5) may regulate the immune response and ferroptosis of multiple immune cells, mainly including monocytes, which may contribute to the development of COVID-19-related IS. In addition, these genes may be potential targets for the treatment of COVID-19-related IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Qingyu Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Zhitao Jing
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Dongmei Pei
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
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5
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Loan A, Leung JWH, Cook DP, Ko C, Vanderhyden BC, Wang J, Chan HM. Prenatal low-dose methylmercury exposure causes premature neuronal differentiation and autism-like behaviors in a rodent model. iScience 2023; 26:106093. [PMID: 36843845 PMCID: PMC9947313 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant neurodevelopment is a core deficit of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here we ask whether a non-genetic factor, prenatal exposure to the environmental pollutant methylmercury (MeHg), is a contributing factor in ASD onset. We showed that adult mice prenatally exposed to non-apoptotic MeHg exhibited key ASD characteristics, including impaired communication, reduced sociability, and increased restrictive repetitive behaviors, whereas in the embryonic cortex, prenatal MeHg exposure caused premature neuronal differentiation. Further single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis disclosed that prenatal exposure to MeHg resulted in cortical radial glial precursors (RGPs) favoring asymmetric differentiation to directly generate cortical neurons, omitting the intermediate progenitor stage. In addition, MeHg exposure in cultured RGPs increased CREB phosphorylation and enhanced the interaction between CREB and CREB binding protein (CBP). Intriguingly, metformin, an FDA-approved drug, can reverse MeHg-induced premature neuronal differentiation via CREB/CBP repulsion. These findings provide insights into ASD etiology, its underlying mechanism, and a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Loan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Joseph Wai-Hin Leung
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - David P. Cook
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Chelsea Ko
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Barbara C. Vanderhyden
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jing Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada,University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada,Corresponding author
| | - Hing Man Chan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada,Corresponding author
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Belokopytova II, Kondaurova EM, Kulikova EA, Ilchibaeva TV, Naumenko VS, Popova NK. Effects of the Cc2d1a/Freud-1 Knockdown in the Hippocampus of BTBR Mice on the Autistic-Like Behavior, Expression of Serotonin 5-HT 1A and D2 Dopamine Receptors, and CREB and NF-kB Intracellular Signaling. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:1206-1218. [PMID: 36273889 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of autism are of extreme interest due to the high prevalence of this disorder in the human population. In this regard, special attention is given to the transcription factor Freud-1 (encoded by the Cc2d1a gene), which regulates numerous intracellular signaling pathways and acts as a silencer for 5-HT1A serotonin and D2 dopamine receptors. Disruption of the Freud-1 functions leads to the development of various psychopathologies. In this study, we found an increase in the expression of the Cc2d1a/Freud-1 gene in the hippocampus of BTBR mice (model of autistic-like behavior) in comparison with C57Bl/6J mice and examined how restoration of the Cc2d1a/Freud-1 expression in the hippocampus of BTBR mice affects their behavior, expression of 5-HT1A serotonin and D2 dopamine receptors, and CREB and NF-κB intracellular signaling pathways in these animals. Five weeks after administration of the adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) carrying the pAAV_H1-2_shRNA-Freud-1_Syn_EGFP plasmid encoding a small hairpin RNA (shRNA) that suppressed expression of the Cc2d1a/Freud-1 gene, we observed an elevation in the anxiety levels, as well as the increase in the escape latency and path length to the platform in the Morris water maze test, which was probably associated with a strengthening of the active stress avoidance strategy. However, the Cc2d1a/Freud-1 knockdown did not affect the spatial memory and phosphorylation of the CREB transcription factor, although such effect was found in C57Bl/6J mice in our previous study. These results suggest the impairments in the CREB-dependent effector pathway in BTBR mice, which may play an important role in the development of the autistic-like phenotype. The knockdown of Cc2d1a/Freud-1 in the hippocampus of BTBR mice did not affect expression of the 5-HT1A serotonin and D2 dopamine receptors and key NF-κB signaling genes (Nfkb1 and Rela). Our data suggest that the transcription factor Freud-1 plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of anxiety and active stress avoidance in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina I Belokopytova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Elena M Kondaurova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Elizabeth A Kulikova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Ilchibaeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Vladimir S Naumenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Nina K Popova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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7
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CREB1 contributes colorectal cancer cell plasticity by regulating lncRNA CCAT1 and NF-κB pathways. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:1481-1497. [PMID: 35696016 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The CREB1 gene encodes an exceptionally pleiotropic transcription factor that frequently dysregulated in human cancers. CREB1 can regulate tumor cell status of proliferation and/or migration; however, the molecular basis for this switch involvement in cell plasticity has not fully been understood yet. Here, we first show that knocking out CREB1 triggers a remarkable effect of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and leads to the occurrence of inhibited proliferation and enhanced motility in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. By monitoring 45 cellular signaling pathway activities, we find that multiple growth-related pathways decline significantly while inflammatory pathways including NF-κB are largely upregulated in comparing between the CREB1 wild-type and knocked out cells. Mechanistically, cells with CREB1 knocked out show downregulation of MYC as a result of impaired CREB1-dependent transcription of the oncogenic lncRNA CCAT1. Interestingly, the unbalanced competition between the coactivator CBP/p300 for CREB1 and p65 leads to the activation of the NF-κB pathway in cells with CREB1 disrupted, which induces an obvious EMT phenotype of the cancer cells. Taken together, these studies identify previously unknown mechanisms of CREB1 in CRC cell plasticity via regulating lncRNA CCAT1 and NF-κB pathways, providing a critical insight into a combined strategy for CREB1-targeted tumor therapies.
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8
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Ahmed MB, Alghamdi AAA, Islam SU, Lee JS, Lee YS. cAMP Signaling in Cancer: A PKA-CREB and EPAC-Centric Approach. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132020. [PMID: 35805104 PMCID: PMC9266045 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common causes of death globally. Despite extensive research and considerable advances in cancer therapy, the fundamentals of the disease remain unclear. Understanding the key signaling mechanisms that cause cancer cell malignancy may help to uncover new pharmaco-targets. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) regulates various biological functions, including those in malignant cells. Understanding intracellular second messenger pathways is crucial for identifying downstream proteins involved in cancer growth and development. cAMP regulates cell signaling and a variety of physiological and pathological activities. There may be an impact on gene transcription from protein kinase A (PKA) as well as its downstream effectors, such as cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). The position of CREB downstream of numerous growth signaling pathways implies its oncogenic potential in tumor cells. Tumor growth is associated with increased CREB expression and activation. PKA can be used as both an onco-drug target and a biomarker to find, identify, and stage tumors. Exploring cAMP effectors and their downstream pathways in cancer has become easier using exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC) modulators. This signaling system may inhibit or accelerate tumor growth depending on the tumor and its environment. As cAMP and its effectors are critical for cancer development, targeting them may be a useful cancer treatment strategy. Moreover, by reviewing the material from a distinct viewpoint, this review aims to give a knowledge of the impact of the cAMP signaling pathway and the related effectors on cancer incidence and development. These innovative insights seek to encourage the development of novel treatment techniques and new approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal Ahmed
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (M.B.A.); (J.-S.L.)
| | | | - Salman Ul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Cecos University, Peshawar, Street 1, Sector F 5 Phase 6 Hayatabad, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan;
| | - Joon-Seok Lee
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (M.B.A.); (J.-S.L.)
| | - Young-Sup Lee
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (M.B.A.); (J.-S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-6353; Fax: +82-53-943-2762
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9
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Chen YF, Song Q, Colucci P, Maltese F, Siller-Pérez C, Prins K, McGaugh JL, Hermans EJ, Campolongo P, Kasri NN, Roozendaal B. Basolateral amygdala activation enhances object recognition memory by inhibiting anterior insular cortex activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203680119. [PMID: 35622887 PMCID: PMC9295787 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203680119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Noradrenergic activation of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) by emotional arousal enhances different forms of recognition memory via functional interactions with the insular cortex (IC). Human neuroimaging studies have revealed that the anterior IC (aIC), as part of the salience network, is dynamically regulated during arousing situations. Emotional stimulation first rapidly increases aIC activity but suppresses it in a delayed fashion. Here, we investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats whether the BLA influence on recognition memory is associated with an increase or suppression of aIC activity during the postlearning consolidation period. We first employed anterograde and retrograde viral tracing and found that the BLA sends dense monosynaptic projections to the aIC. Memory-enhancing norepinephrine administration into the BLA following an object training experience suppressed aIC activity 1 h later, as determined by a reduced expression of the phosphorylated form of the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding (pCREB) protein and neuronal activity marker c-Fos. In contrast, the number of perisomatic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibitory synapses per pCREB-positive neuron was significantly increased, suggesting a dynamic up-regulation of GABAergic tone. In support of this possibility, pharmacological inhibition of aIC activity with a GABAergic agonist during consolidation enhanced object recognition memory. Norepinephrine administration into the BLA did not affect neuronal activity within the posterior IC, which receives sparse innervation from the BLA. The evidence that noradrenergic activation of the BLA enhances the consolidation of object recognition memory via a mechanism involving a suppression of aIC activity provides insight into the broader brain network dynamics underlying emotional regulation of memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fen Chen
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 EN Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Qi Song
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 EN Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Paola Colucci
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Maltese
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 EN Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Karina Prins
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 EN Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - James L. McGaugh
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3800
| | - Erno J. Hermans
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 EN Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Patrizia Campolongo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Nael Nadif Kasri
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 EN Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Benno Roozendaal
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 EN Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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10
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Yang Y, Yu Z, Geng J, Liu M, Liu N, Li P, Hong W, Yue S, Jiang H, Ge H, Qian F, Xiong W, Wang P, Song S, Li X, Fan Y, Liu X. Cytosolic peptides encoding Ca V1 C-termini downregulate the calcium channel activity-neuritogenesis coupling. Commun Biol 2022; 5:484. [PMID: 35589958 PMCID: PMC9120191 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
L-type Ca2+ (CaV1) channels transduce channel activities into nuclear signals critical to neuritogenesis. Also, standalone peptides encoded by CaV1 DCT (distal carboxyl-terminus) act as nuclear transcription factors reportedly promoting neuritogenesis. Here, by focusing on exemplary CaV1.3 and cortical neurons under basal conditions, we discover that cytosolic DCT peptides downregulate neurite outgrowth by the interactions with CaV1's apo-calmodulin binding motif. Distinct from nuclear DCT, various cytosolic peptides exert a gradient of inhibitory effects on Ca2+ influx via CaV1 channels and neurite extension and arborization, and also the intermediate events including CREB activation and c-Fos expression. The inhibition efficacies of DCT are quantitatively correlated with its binding affinities. Meanwhile, cytosolic inhibition tends to facilitate neuritogenesis indirectly by favoring Ca2+-sensitive nuclear retention of DCT. In summary, DCT peptides as a class of CaV1 inhibitors specifically regulate the channel activity-neuritogenesis coupling in a variant-, affinity-, and localization-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxiong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.,X-Laboratory for Ion-Channel Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.,X-Laboratory for Ion-Channel Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jinli Geng
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.,X-Laboratory for Ion-Channel Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weili Hong
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shuhua Yue
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - He Jiang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haiyan Ge
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Feng Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Sen Song
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China. .,X-Laboratory for Ion-Channel Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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11
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Wiatrak B, Mieszała P, Gąsiorowski K. Impact of NMDA receptor activation on DNA damage in PC12 neuron-like cell cultures in the presence of β-amyloid peptides. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10443-10455. [PMID: 36107376 PMCID: PMC9618537 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of low nanomolar concentrations of Aβ1-40 and Aβ25-35 on DNA double-strand breaks following NMDA activation of cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS After incubating the differentiated PC12 cells with Aβ25-35, Aβ1-40 or Aβ1-42 for 24 h, the culture was washed and stimulated for 15 min with NMDA. Then, tests were performed at four-time intervals from stimulation to assess the viability of the culture, the level of oxygen free radicals, and the γH2AX and pATM kinase. NMDAR1 expression was also evaluated by performing immunocytochemical staining. RESULTS It was found that amyloid peptides in nanomolar concentrations reduce double-stranded DNA breaks after NMDA neuron activation. A slight antioxidant effect was also demonstrated when measured 120 min after NMDA cell activation. CONCLUSION The NMDA stimulation of PC12 cells led to a rapid increase in the number of double-stranded DNA breaks in the cells and is assumed to be the initial step in IEG activation and LTP induction. The effect of Aβ on the reduction of double-strand breaks after NMDA cell stimulation indicates that at concentrations similar to physiological amyloid peptides, it may reduce the mobilization of the neuronal response to stimuli, leading to inhibition of LTP induction and decreasing synaptic plasticity in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benita Wiatrak
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland ,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Przemysław Mieszała
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Gąsiorowski
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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12
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Zinc-mediated activation of CREB pathway in proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in pulmonary hypertension. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:103. [PMID: 34635097 PMCID: PMC8504081 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00779-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcription factor CREB is involved in the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, little is known about the role and regulatory signaling of CREB in PH. METHODS A series of techniques, including bioinformatics methods, western blot, cell proliferation and luciferase reporter assay were used to perform a comprehensive analysis of the role and regulation of CREB in proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in PH. RESULTS Using bioinformatic analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in the development of monocrotaline (MCT)- and hypoxia-induced PH, we found the overrepresentation of CRE-containing DEGs. Western blot analysis revealed a sustained increase in total- and phosphorylated-CREB in PASMCs isolated from rats treated with MCT. Similarly, an enhanced and prolonged serum-induced CREB phosphorylation was observed in hypoxia-pretreated PASMCs. The sustained CREB phosphorylation in PASMCs may be associated with multiple protein kinases phosphorylated CREB. Additionally, hierarchical clustering analysis showed reduced expression of the majority of CREB phosphatases in PH, including regulatory subunits of PP2A, Ppp2r2c and Ppp2r3a. Cell proliferation analysis showed increased PASMCs proliferation in MCT-induced PH, an effect relied on CREB-mediated transcriptional activity. Further analysis revealed the raised intracellular labile zinc possibly from ZIP12 was associated with reduced phosphatases, increased CREB-mediated transcriptional activity and PASMCs proliferation. CONCLUSIONS CREB pathway was overactivated in the development of PH and contributed to PASMCs proliferation, which was associated with multiple protein kinases and/or reduced CREB phosphatases and raised intracellular zinc. Thus, this study may provide a novel insight into the CREB pathway in the pathogenesis of PH. Video abstract.
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13
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Jesus ICG, Araújo FM, Mesquita T, Júnior NNS, Silva MM, Morgan HJN, Silva KSC, Silva CLA, Birbrair A, Amaral FA, Navegantes LC, Salgado HC, Szawka RE, Poletini MO, Guatimosim S. Molecular basis of Period 1 regulation by adrenergic signaling in the heart. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21886. [PMID: 34473369 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100441r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac circadian clock is responsible for the modulation of different myocardial processes, and its dysregulation has been linked to disease development. How this clock machinery is regulated in the heart remains an open question. Because noradrenaline (NE) can act as a zeitgeber in cardiomyocytes, we tested the hypothesis that adrenergic signaling resets cardiac clock gene expression in vivo. In its anti-phase with Clock and Bmal1, cardiac Per1 abundance increased during the dark phase, concurrent with the rise in heart rate and preceded by an increase in NE levels. Sympathetic denervation altered Bmal1 and Clock amplitude, while Per1 was affected in both amplitude and oscillatory pattern. We next treated mice with a β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) blocker. Strikingly, the β-AR blockade during the day suppressed the nocturnal increase in Per1 mRNA, without altering Clock or Bmal1. In contrast, activating β-AR with isoproterenol (ISO) promoted an increase in Per1 expression, demonstrating its responsiveness to adrenergic input. Inhibitors of ERK1/2 and CREB attenuated ISO-induced Per1 expression. Upstream of ERK1/2, PI3Kγ mediated ISO induction of Per1 transcription, while activation of β2-AR, but not β1-AR induced increases in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and Per1 expression. Consistent with the β2-induction of Per1 mRNA, ISO failed to activate ERK1/2 and elevate Per1 in the heart of β2-AR-/- mice, whereas a β2-AR antagonist attenuated the nocturnal rise in Per1 expression. Our study established a link between NE/β2-AR signaling and Per1 oscillation via the PI3Ky-ERK1/2-CREB pathway, providing a new framework for understanding the physiological mechanism involved in resetting cardiac clock genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itamar C G Jesus
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flávia M Araújo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thássio Mesquita
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nilton N S Júnior
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Mário M Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Henrique J N Morgan
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Kaoma S C Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cleide L A Silva
- Animal Facility of Blood Center Foundation, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flávio A Amaral
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luiz C Navegantes
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Helio C Salgado
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Raphael E Szawka
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maristela O Poletini
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Silvia Guatimosim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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14
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Ramms DJ, Raimondi F, Arang N, Herberg FW, Taylor SS, Gutkind JS. G αs-Protein Kinase A (PKA) Pathway Signalopathies: The Emerging Genetic Landscape and Therapeutic Potential of Human Diseases Driven by Aberrant G αs-PKA Signaling. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:155-197. [PMID: 34663687 PMCID: PMC11060502 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the fundamental concepts of signal transduction and kinase activity are attributed to the discovery and crystallization of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, or protein kinase A. PKA is one of the best-studied kinases in human biology, with emphasis in biochemistry and biophysics, all the way to metabolism, hormone action, and gene expression regulation. It is surprising, however, that our understanding of PKA's role in disease is largely underappreciated. Although genetic mutations in the PKA holoenzyme are known to cause diseases such as Carney complex, Cushing syndrome, and acrodysostosis, the story largely stops there. With the recent explosion of genomic medicine, we can finally appreciate the broader role of the Gαs-PKA pathway in disease, with contributions from aberrant functioning G proteins and G protein-coupled receptors, as well as multiple alterations in other pathway components and negative regulators. Together, these represent a broad family of diseases we term the Gαs-PKA pathway signalopathies. The Gαs-PKA pathway signalopathies encompass diseases caused by germline, postzygotic, and somatic mutations in the Gαs-PKA pathway, with largely endocrine and neoplastic phenotypes. Here, we present a signaling-centric review of Gαs-PKA-driven pathophysiology and integrate computational and structural analysis to identify mutational themes commonly exploited by the Gαs-PKA pathway signalopathies. Major mutational themes include hotspot activating mutations in Gαs, encoded by GNAS, and mutations that destabilize the PKA holoenzyme. With this review, we hope to incite further study and ultimately the development of new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of a wide range of human diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Little recognition is given to the causative role of Gαs-PKA pathway dysregulation in disease, with effects ranging from infectious disease, endocrine syndromes, and many cancers, yet these disparate diseases can all be understood by common genetic themes and biochemical signaling connections. By highlighting these common pathogenic mechanisms and bridging multiple disciplines, important progress can be made toward therapeutic advances in treating Gαs-PKA pathway-driven disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana J Ramms
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Francesco Raimondi
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Nadia Arang
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Friedrich W Herberg
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Susan S Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
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15
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Wu SC, Kuo PJ, Rau CS, Huang LH, Lin CW, Wu YC, Wu CJ, Tsai CW, Hsieh TM, Liu HT, Huang CY, Hsieh CH. Increased Angiogenesis by Exosomes Secreted by Adipose-Derived Stem Cells upon Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8877. [PMID: 34445582 PMCID: PMC8396299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes secreted by adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) enhance angiogenesis and wound healing. However, in clinical settings, wounds may be infected by various bacteria or pathogens. We investigated whether human ADSCs stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) secrete exosomes (ADSC-LPS-exo) that augment the angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). ExoQuick-TC exosome precipitation solution was used to purify exosomes from human ADSC culture media in the presence or absence of 1 µg/mL LPS treatment for 24 h. The uptake of ADSC-LPS-exo significantly induced the activation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), activating protein 1 (AP-1), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways and increased the migration of and tube formation in HUVECs. RNA interference with CREB, AP-1, or NF-κB1 significantly reduced the migration of and tube formation in HUVECs treated with ADSC-LPS-exo. An experiment with an antibody array for 25 angiogenesis-related proteins revealed that only interleukin-8 expression was significantly upregulated in HUVECs treated with ADSC-LPS-exo. In addition, proteomic analysis revealed that eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E, amyloid beta A4 protein, integrin beta-1, and ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 may be potential candidates involved in ADSC-LPS-exo-mediated enhanced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Chun Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kahosiung 83301, Taiwan;
| | - Pao-Jen Kuo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kahosiung 83301, Taiwan; (P.-J.K.); (C.-W.L.); (Y.-C.W.); (C.-J.W.); (C.-W.T.)
| | - Cheng-Shyuan Rau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kahosiung 83301, Taiwan; (C.-S.R.); (L.-H.H.)
| | - Lien-Hung Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kahosiung 83301, Taiwan; (C.-S.R.); (L.-H.H.)
| | - Chia-Wei Lin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kahosiung 83301, Taiwan; (P.-J.K.); (C.-W.L.); (Y.-C.W.); (C.-J.W.); (C.-W.T.)
| | - Yi-Chan Wu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kahosiung 83301, Taiwan; (P.-J.K.); (C.-W.L.); (Y.-C.W.); (C.-J.W.); (C.-W.T.)
| | - Chia-Jung Wu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kahosiung 83301, Taiwan; (P.-J.K.); (C.-W.L.); (Y.-C.W.); (C.-J.W.); (C.-W.T.)
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kahosiung 83301, Taiwan; (P.-J.K.); (C.-W.L.); (Y.-C.W.); (C.-J.W.); (C.-W.T.)
| | - Ting-Min Hsieh
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kahosiung 83301, Taiwan; (T.-M.H.); (H.-T.L.)
| | - Hang-Tsung Liu
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kahosiung 83301, Taiwan; (T.-M.H.); (H.-T.L.)
| | - Chun-Ying Huang
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kahosiung 83301, Taiwan; (T.-M.H.); (H.-T.L.)
| | - Ching-Hua Hsieh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kahosiung 83301, Taiwan; (P.-J.K.); (C.-W.L.); (Y.-C.W.); (C.-J.W.); (C.-W.T.)
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
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16
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Mucosal acidosis elicits a unique molecular signature in epithelia and intestinal tissue mediated by GPR31-induced CREB phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2023871118. [PMID: 33972436 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023871118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic changes associated with tissue inflammation result in significant extracellular acidosis (EA). Within mucosal tissues, intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) have evolved adaptive strategies to cope with EA through the up-regulation of SLC26A3 to promote pH homeostasis. We hypothesized that EA significantly alters IEC gene expression as an adaptive mechanism to counteract inflammation. Using an unbiased RNA sequencing approach, we defined the impact of EA on IEC gene expression to define molecular mechanisms by which IEC respond to EA. This approach identified a unique gene signature enriched in cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-regulated gene targets. Utilizing loss- and gain-of-function approaches in cultured epithelia and murine colonoids, we demonstrate that EA elicits prominent CREB phosphorylation through cyclic AMP-independent mechanisms that requires elements of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Further analysis revealed that EA signals through the G protein-coupled receptor GPR31 to promote induction of FosB, NR4A1, and DUSP1. These studies were extended to an in vivo murine model in conjunction with colonization of a pH reporter Escherichia coli strain that demonstrated significant mucosal acidification in the TNFΔARE model of murine ileitis. Herein, we observed a strong correlation between the expression of acidosis-associated genes with bacterial reporter sfGFP intensity in the distal ileum. Finally, the expression of this unique EA-associated gene signature was increased during active inflammation in patients with Crohn's disease but not in the patient control samples. These findings establish a mechanism for EA-induced signals during inflammation-associated acidosis in both murine and human ileitis.
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17
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Kiesel VA, Sheeley MP, Coleman MF, Cotul EK, Donkin SS, Hursting SD, Wendt MK, Teegarden D. Pyruvate carboxylase and cancer progression. Cancer Metab 2021; 9:20. [PMID: 33931119 PMCID: PMC8088034 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-021-00256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the ATP-dependent carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate (OAA), serving to replenish the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. In nonmalignant tissue, PC plays an essential role in controlling whole-body energetics through regulation of gluconeogenesis in the liver, synthesis of fatty acids in adipocytes, and insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells. In breast cancer, PC activity is linked to pulmonary metastasis, potentially by providing the ability to utilize glucose, fatty acids, and glutamine metabolism as needed under varying conditions as cells metastasize. PC enzymatic activity appears to be of particular importance in cancer cells that are unable to utilize glutamine for anaplerosis. Moreover, PC activity also plays a role in lipid metabolism and protection from oxidative stress in cancer cells. Thus, PC activity may be essential to link energy substrate utilization with cancer progression and to enable the metabolic flexibility necessary for cell resilience to changing and adverse conditions during the metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violet A Kiesel
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Madeline P Sheeley
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Michael F Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Eylem Kulkoyluoglu Cotul
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Shawn S Donkin
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Michael K Wendt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Dorothy Teegarden
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Tooley JG, Catlin JP, Schaner Tooley CE. CREB-mediated transcriptional activation of NRMT1 drives muscle differentiation. Transcription 2021; 12:72-88. [PMID: 34403304 PMCID: PMC8555533 DOI: 10.1080/21541264.2021.1963627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-terminal methyltransferase NRMT1 is an important regulator of protein/DNA interactions and plays a role in many cellular processes, including mitosis, cell cycle progression, chromatin organization, DNA damage repair, and transcriptional regulation. Accordingly, loss of NRMT1 results in both developmental pathologies and oncogenic phenotypes. Though NRMT1 plays such important and diverse roles in the cell, little is known about its own regulation. To better understand the mechanisms governing NRMT1 expression, we first identified its predominant transcriptional start site and minimal promoter region with predicted transcription factor motifs. We then used a combination of luciferase and binding assays to confirm CREB1 as the major regulator of NRMT1 transcription. We tested which conditions known to activate CREB1 also activated NRMT1 transcription, and found CREB1-mediated NRMT1 expression was increased during recovery from serum starvation and muscle cell differentiation. To determine how NRMT1 expression affects myoblast differentiation, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knock out NRMT1 expression in immortalized C2C12 mouse myoblasts. C2C12 cells depleted of NRMT1 lacked Pax7 expression and were unable to proceed down the muscle differentiation pathway. Instead, they took on characteristics of C2C12 cells that have transdifferentiated into osteoblasts, including increased alkaline phosphatase and type I collagen expression and decreased proliferation. These data implicate NRMT1 as an important downstream target of CREB1 during muscle cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G. Tooley
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - James P. Catlin
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Christine E. Schaner Tooley
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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19
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Activity-dependent regulome of human GABAergic neurons reveals new patterns of gene regulation and neurological disease heritability. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:437-448. [PMID: 33542524 PMCID: PMC7933108 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-00786-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal activity-dependent gene expression is essential for brain development. Although transcriptional and epigenetic effects of neuronal activity have been explored in mice, such an investigation is lacking in humans. Because alterations in GABAergic neuronal circuits are implicated in neurological disorders, we conducted a comprehensive activity-dependent transcriptional and epigenetic profiling of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived GABAergic neurons similar to those of the early developing striatum. We identified genes whose expression is inducible after membrane depolarization, some of which have specifically evolved in primates and/or are associated with neurological diseases, including schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We define the genome-wide profile of human neuronal activity-dependent enhancers, promoters and the transcription factors CREB and CRTC1. We found significant heritability enrichment for ASD in the inducible promoters. Our results suggest that sequence variation within activity-inducible promoters of developing human forebrain GABAergic neurons contributes to ASD risk.
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20
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Diurnal changes in perineuronal nets and parvalbumin neurons in the rat medial prefrontal cortex. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:1135-1153. [PMID: 33585984 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02229-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) surrounding fast-spiking, parvalbumin (PV) interneurons provide excitatory:inhibitory balance, which is impaired in several disorders associated with altered diurnal rhythms, yet few studies have examined diurnal rhythms of PNNs or PV cells. We measured the intensity and number of PV cells and PNNs labeled with Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) and also the oxidative stress marker 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) in rat prelimbic medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) at Zeitgeber times (ZT) ZT0 (lights-on, inactive phase), ZT6 (mid-inactive phase), ZT12 (lights-off, active phase), and ZT18 (mid-active phase). Relative to ZT0, the intensities of PNN and PV labeling were increased in the dark (active) phase compared with the light (inactive) phase. The intensity of 8-oxo-dG was decreased from ZT0 at all times (ZT6,12,18). We also measured GAD 65/67 and vGLUT1 puncta apposed to PV cells with and without PNNs. There were more excitatory puncta on PV cells with PNNs at ZT18 vs. ZT6, but no changes in PV cells without PNNs and no changes in inhibitory puncta. Whole-cell slice recordings in fast-spiking (PV) cells with PNNs showed an increased ratio of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor:N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (AMPA: NMDA) at ZT18 vs. ZT6. The number of PV cells and PV/PNN cells containing orthodenticle homeobox 2 (OTX2), which maintains PNNs, showed a strong trend toward an increase from ZT6 to ZT18. Diurnal fluctuations in PNNs and PV cells are expected to alter cortical excitatory:inhibitory balance and provide new insights into treatments for diseases impacted by disturbances in sleep and circadian rhythms.
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21
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Blackwood CA, McCoy MT, Ladenheim B, Cadet JL. Oxycodone self-administration activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase/ mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase (MAPK-MSK) signaling pathway in the rat dorsal striatum. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2567. [PMID: 33510349 PMCID: PMC7843984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82206-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify signaling pathways activated by oxycodone self-administration (SA), Sprague–Dawley rats self-administered oxycodone for 20 days using short—(ShA, 3 h) and long-access (LgA, 9 h) paradigms. Animals were euthanized 2 h after SA cessation and dorsal striata were used in post-mortem molecular analyses. LgA rats escalated their oxycodone intake and separated into lower (LgA-L) or higher (LgA-H) oxycodone takers. LgA-H rats showed increased striatal protein phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and MSK1/2. Histone H3, phosphorylated at serine 10 and acetylated at lysine 14 (H3S10pK14Ac), a MSK1/2 target, showed increased abundance only in LgA-H rats. RT-qPCR analyses revealed increased AMPA receptor subunits, GluA2 and GluA3 mRNAs, in the LgA-H rats. GluA3, but not GluA2, mRNA expression correlated positively with changes in pMSK1/2 and H3S10pK14Ac. These findings suggest that escalated oxycodone SA results in MSK1/2-dependent histone phosphorylation and increases in striatal gene expression. These observations offer potential avenues for interventions against oxycodone addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Blackwood
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Michael T McCoy
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Bruce Ladenheim
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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22
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Ben-Zeev T, Okun E. High-Intensity Functional Training: Molecular Mechanisms and Benefits. Neuromolecular Med 2021; 23:335-338. [PMID: 33386577 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08638-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and strength exercise are known to improve health markers, such as cardiovascular health, metabolic health, and cognitive function, as well as to reduce all-cause mortality. High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) is a training paradigm derived from both HIIT and strength exercise to elicit greater muscle recruitment than repetitive aerobic exercises, thereby improving both cardiovascular fitness and strength parameters. Herein, we provide a focused review of the known molecular mechanisms that underlie the beneficial effects of HIFT on cardiovascular, metabolic, and cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tavor Ben-Zeev
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Paul Feder Laboratory on Alzheimer's Disease Research, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Eitan Okun
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Ramat Gan, Israel. .,The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Ramat Gan, Israel. .,The Paul Feder Laboratory on Alzheimer's Disease Research, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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23
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Kim H, Kumar S, Lee K. FOXA3, a Negative Regulator of Nur77 Expression and Activity in Testicular Steroidogenesis. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:6619447. [PMID: 33763129 PMCID: PMC7946474 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6619447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biosynthesis of testosterone occurs mainly in the testicular Leydig cells. Nur77, an orphan nuclear receptor that is expressed in response to the luteinizing hormone/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (LH/cAMP) signaling pathway, is one of the key factors that regulate steroidogenesis in Leydig cells. The function of Nur77 is modulated through interaction with other proteins. FOXA3, a transcription factor that is crucial for male fertility, is also expressed in Leydig cells. Here, we sought to elucidate the role of FOXA3 in testicular steroidogenesis by focusing on its interaction with Nur77. LH/cAMP signaling induces the onset of steroidogenesis in Leydig cells but has a repressive effect on the expression of FOXA3. Overexpression of FOXA3 in MA-10 Leydig cells repressed cAMP-induced expression of Nur77 and its target steroidogenic genes (StAR, P450c17, and Hsd3β). Furthermore, FOXA3 suppressed Nur77 transactivation of the promoter of steroidogenic genes. In mouse primary Leydig cells, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of FOXA3 had similar effects and resulted in decreased production of testosterone. Taken together, these results suggest the role of FOXA3 in the regulation of steroidogenic genes in Leydig cells and fine-tuning steroidogenesis in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansle Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sudeep Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Keesook Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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24
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Small L, Altıntaş A, Laker RC, Ehrlich A, Pattamaprapanont P, Villarroel J, Pillon NJ, Zierath JR, Barrès R. Contraction influences Per2 gene expression in skeletal muscle through a calcium-dependent pathway. J Physiol 2020; 598:5739-5752. [PMID: 32939754 PMCID: PMC7756801 DOI: 10.1113/jp280428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Exercising at different times of day elicits different effects on exercise performance and metabolic health. However, the specific signals driving the observed time-of-day specific effects of exercise have not been fully identified. Exercise influences the skeletal muscle circadian clock, although the relative contribution of muscle contraction and extracellular signals is unknown. Here, we show that contraction acutely increases the expression of the core circadian clock gene Period Circadian Regulator 2 (Per2) and phase-shifts Per2 rhythmicity in muscle cells. This contraction effect on core clock genes is mediated through a calcium-dependant mechanism; The results obtained in the present study suggest that a proportion of the ability of exercise to entrain the skeletal muscle clock is driven directly by muscle contraction. Contraction interventions may be used to mimic some time-of-day specific effects of exercise on metabolism and muscle performance. ABSTRACT Exercise entrains the central and peripheral circadian clocks, although the mechanism by which exercise modulates expression of skeletal muscle clock genes is unclear. The present study aimed to determine whether skeletal muscle contraction alone could directly influence circadian rhythmicity and uncover the underlying mechanism by which contraction modulates clock gene expression. We investigated the expression of core clock genes in human skeletal muscle after acute exercise, as well as following in vitro contraction in mouse soleus muscle and cultured C2C12 skeletal muscle myotubes. Additionally, we interrogated the molecular pathways by which skeletal muscle contraction could influence clock gene expression. Contraction acutely increased the expression of the core circadian clock gene Period Circadian Regulator 2 (Per2) and phase-shifted Per2 rhythmicity in C2C12 myotubes in vitro. Further investigation revealed that pharmacologically increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations by ionomycin treatment mimicked the effect of contraction on Per2 expression. Similarly, treatment with a calcium channel blocker, nifedipine, blocked the effect of electric pulse stimulation-induced contraction on Per2 expression. Increased calcium influx from contraction lead to binding of the phosphorylated form of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) to the Per2 promoter, suggesting a role of CREB in contraction-induced Per2 transcription. Thus, by dissociating the effect of muscle contraction alone from the whole effect of exercise, our investigations indicate that a proportion of the ability of exercise to entrain the skeletal muscle clock is driven directly by contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewin Small
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ali Altıntaş
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rhianna C Laker
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amy Ehrlich
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pattarawan Pattamaprapanont
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julia Villarroel
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas J Pillon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Romain Barrès
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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25
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Wang S, Qiu J, Liu L, Su C, Qi L, Huang C, Chen X, Zhang Y, Ye Y, Ding Y, Liang L, Liao W. CREB5 promotes invasiveness and metastasis in colorectal cancer by directly activating MET. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:168. [PMID: 32843066 PMCID: PMC7446182 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND cAMP responsive element binding protein 5 (CREB5) is a transcriptional activator in eukaryotic cells that can regulate gene expression. Previously, we found that CREB5 was involved in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC) using bioinformatics analysis. However, the biological roles and underlying regulatory mechanism of CREB5 in CRC remain unclear. METHODS Real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to examine CREB5 expression. In vitro experiments including migration assay, wound-healing assay, chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells tube formation assay were used to investigate the effects of CREB5 on CRC cell migration and tumor angiogenesis ability. Additionally, an orthotopic implantation assay was performed in nude mice to confirm the effects of CREB5 in vivo. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis was performed to explore the potential mechanism of CREB5 in CRC. RESULTS We found that CREB5 expression was highly upregulated in CRC. CREB5 overexpression was positively correlated with advanced WHO stages and TNM stages and shorter survival in CRC patients. Moreover, CREB5 overexpression promoted while CREB5 silencing reduced the invasiveness and metastatic capacity of CRC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, CREB5 directly interacted with the MET promoter and activated the hepatocyte growth factor-MET signalling pathway. Importantly, inhibition of MET reduced the invasion and metastasis of CREB5-overexpressing CRC cells, suggesting that CREB5 promotes metastasis mainly through activation of MET signalling. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates a crucial role for CREB5 in CRC metastasis by directly upregulating MET expression. CREB5 may be both a potential prognostic marker and a therapeutic target to effectively overcome metastasis in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junfeng Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cailin Su
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengmei Huang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoning Chen
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaping Ye
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanqing Ding
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wenting Liao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.
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26
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system, is today a leading cause of unpredictable lifelong disability in young adults. The treatment of patients in progressive stages remains highly challenging, alluding to our limited understanding of the underlying pathological processes. In this review, we provide insights into the mechanisms underpinning MS progression from a perspective of epigenetics, that refers to stable and mitotically heritable, yet reversible, changes in the genome activity and gene expression. We first recapitulate findings from epigenetic studies examining the brain tissue of progressive MS patients, which support a contribution of DNA and histone modifications in impaired oligodendrocyte differentiation, defective myelination/remyelination and sustained neuro-axonal vulnerability. We next explore possibilities for identifying factors affecting progression using easily accessible tissues such as blood by comparing epigenetic signatures in peripheral immune cells and brain tissue. Despite minor overlap at individual methylation sites, nearly 30% of altered genes reported in peripheral immune cells of progressive MS patients were found in brain tissue, jointly converging on alterations of neuronal functions. We further speculate about the mechanisms underlying shared epigenetic patterns between blood and brain, which likely imply the influence of internal (genetic control) and/or external (e.g. smoking and ageing) factors imprinting a common signature in both compartments. Overall, we propose that epigenetics might shed light on clinically relevant mechanisms involved in disease progression and open new avenues for the treatment of progressive MS patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kular
- From the, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Jagodic
- From the, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Phosphodiesterase 10A Is a Mediator of Osteogenic Differentiation and Mechanotransduction in Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:7865484. [PMID: 32587621 PMCID: PMC7294361 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7865484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) are capable of differentiating into the osteogenic lineage, and for osteogenic differentiation, mechanical loading is a relevant stimulus. Mechanotransduction leads to the formation of second messengers such as cAMP, cGMP, or Ca2+ influx resulting in the activation of transcription factors mediating gene regulation. The second messengers cAMP and cGMP are degraded by phosphodiesterase isoenzymes (PDE), but the role of these enzymes during osteogenic differentiation or mechanotransduction remains unclear. Here, we focused on the isoenzyme phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) and its role during osteogenic commitment and mechanotransduction. We observed a time-dependent decrease of PDE10A expression in hMSC undergoing differentiation towards the osteogenic lineage. PDE10A inhibition by papaverine diminished osteogenic differentiation. While applying mechanical strain via cyclic stretching of hMSCs led to an upregulation of PDE10A gene expression, inhibition of PDE10A using the drug papaverine repressed expression of mechanoresponsive genes. We conclude that PDE10A is a modulator of osteogenic differentiation as well as mechanotransduction in hMSCs. Our data further suggests that the relative increase of cAMP, rather than the absolute cAMP level, is a key driver of the observed effects.
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28
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Zheng W, Ocorr K, Tatar M. Extracellular matrix induced by steroids and aging through a G-protein-coupled receptor in a Drosophila model of renal fibrosis. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm041301. [PMID: 32461236 PMCID: PMC7328168 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.041301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone is produced by the mammalian adrenal cortex to modulate blood pressure and fluid balance; however, excessive, prolonged aldosterone promotes fibrosis and kidney failure. How aldosterone triggers disease may involve actions independent of its canonical mineralocorticoid receptor. Here, we present a Drosophila model of renal pathology caused by excess extracellular matrix formation, stimulated by exogenous aldosterone and by insect ecdysone. Chronic administration of aldosterone or ecdysone induces expression and accumulation of collagen-like Pericardin in adult nephrocytes - podocyte-like cells that filter circulating hemolymph. Excess Pericardin deposition disrupts nephrocyte (glomerular) filtration and causes proteinuria in Drosophila, hallmarks of mammalian kidney failure. Steroid-induced Pericardin production arises from cardiomyocytes associated with nephrocytes, potentially reflecting an analogous role of mammalian myofibroblasts in fibrotic disease. Remarkably, the canonical ecdysteroid nuclear hormone receptor, Ecdysone receptor (EcR), is not required for aldosterone or ecdysone to stimulate Pericardin production or associated renal pathology. Instead, these hormones require a cardiomyocyte-associated G-protein-coupled receptor, Dopamine-EcR (DopEcR), a membrane-associated receptor previously characterized in the fly brain to affect behavior. DopEcR in the brain is known to affect behavior through interactions with the Drosophila Epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr), referred to as dEGFR. Here, we find that the steroids ecdysone and aldosterone require dEGFR in cardiomyocytes to induce fibrosis of the cardiac-renal system. In addition, endogenous ecdysone that becomes elevated with age is found to foster age-associated fibrosis, and to require both cardiomyocyte DopEcR and dEGFR. This Drosophila renal disease model reveals a novel signaling pathway through which steroids may modulate mammalian fibrosis through potential orthologs of DopEcR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zheng
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence RI 02912, USA
| | - Karen Ocorr
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, SBP Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marc Tatar
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence RI 02912, USA
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29
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Dinel AL, Lucas C, Guillemet D, Layé S, Pallet V, Joffre C. Chronic Supplementation with a Mix of Salvia officinalis and Salvia lavandulaefolia Improves Morris Water Maze Learning in Normal Adult C57Bl/6J Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061777. [PMID: 32549250 PMCID: PMC7353372 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Two different species of sage, Salvia officinalis and Salvia lavandulaefolia, have demonstrated activities in cognitive function during preclinical and clinical studies related to impaired health situations or single administration. Different memory processes have been described to be significantly and positively impacted. Objective: Our objective is to explore the potential of these Salvia, and their additional activities, in healthy situations, and during prolonged administration, on memory and subsequent mechanisms of action related to putative effects. Design: This mouse study has implicated four investigational arms dedicated to control, Salvia officinalis aqueous extract, Salvia lavandulaefolia-encapsulated essential oil and a mix thereof (Cognivia™) for 2 weeks of administration. Cognitive functions have been assessed throughout Y-maze and Morris water maze models. The impact of supplementation on lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, neurogenesis, neuronal activity, neurotrophins, neurotrophin receptors, CaM kinase II and glucocorticoid receptors has been assessed via post-interventional tissue collection. Results: All Salvia groups had a significant effect on Y-maze markers on day 1 of administration. Only the mix of two Salvia species demonstrated significant improvements in Morris water maze markers at the end of administration. Considering all biological and histological markers, we did not observe any significant effect of S. officinalis, S. lavandulaefolia and a mix of Salvia supplementation on lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress and neuronal plasticity (neurogenesis, neuronal activity, neurotrophins). Interestingly, CaM kinase II protein expression is significantly increased in animals supplemented with Salvia. Conclusion: The activities of Salvia alone after one intake have been confirmed; however, a particular combination of different types of Salvia have been shown to improve memory and present specific synergistic effects after chronic administration in healthy mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Dinel
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro laboratory, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (S.L.); (V.P.); (C.J.)
- NutriBrain Research and Technology Transfer, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Céline Lucas
- NutriBrain Research and Technology Transfer, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France;
| | | | - Sophie Layé
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro laboratory, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (S.L.); (V.P.); (C.J.)
| | - Véronique Pallet
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro laboratory, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (S.L.); (V.P.); (C.J.)
| | - Corinne Joffre
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro laboratory, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (S.L.); (V.P.); (C.J.)
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30
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Maruoka H, Yamazoe R, Takahashi R, Yatsuo K, Ido D, Fuchigami Y, Hoshikawa F, Shimoke K. Molecular mechanism of nur77 gene expression and downstream target genes in the early stage of forskolin-induced differentiation in PC12 cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6325. [PMID: 32286359 PMCID: PMC7156746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62968-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Forskolin promotes neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells via the PKA-CREB-dependent signaling pathway. Activation of PKA by forskolin phosphorylates CREB, which then binds to CRE sites in numerous gene promoters. However, it is unclear which gene contains the CRE sites responsible for forskolin-induced neuronal differentiation. In this study, we investigated how an immediate early gene, nur77, which has CRE sites in the promoter region, contributes to the early stage of differentiation of forskolin-treated PC12 cells. After treatment with forskolin, expression of Nur77 was upregulated within 1 hr. In addition, knockdown of nur77 inhibited neurite outgrowth induced by forskolin. We also revealed that the specific four CRE sites near the transcriptional start site (TSS) of nur77 were strongly associated with phosphorylated CREB within 1 hr after treatment with forskolin. To analyze the roles of these four sites, reporter assays using the nur77 promoter region were performed. The results showed that nur77 expression was mediated through three of the CRE sites, -242, -222, and -78, and that -78, the nearest of the three to the TSS of nur77, was particularly important. An analysis of neuronal markers controlled by Nur77 after A-CREB-Nur77-Synapsin1 signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in differentiation of forskolin-induced PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Maruoka
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yamazoe
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan
| | - Ryota Takahashi
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yatsuo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan
| | - Daiki Ido
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan
| | - Yuki Fuchigami
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan
| | - Fumiya Hoshikawa
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan
| | - Koji Shimoke
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan.
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Sapouckey SA, Morselli LL, Deng G, Patil CN, Balapattabi K, Oliveira V, Claflin KE, Gomez J, Pearson NA, Potthoff MJ, Gibson-Corley KN, Sigmund CD, Grobe JL. Exploration of cardiometabolic and developmental significance of angiotensinogen expression by cells expressing the leptin receptor or agouti-related peptide. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 318:R855-R869. [PMID: 32186897 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00297.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (ANG II) Agtr1a receptor (AT1A) is expressed in cells of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus that express the leptin receptor (Lepr) and agouti-related peptide (Agrp). Agtr1a expression in these cells is required to stimulate resting energy expenditure in response to leptin and high-fat diets (HFDs), but the mechanism activating AT1A signaling by leptin remains unclear. To probe the role of local paracrine/autocrine ANG II generation and signaling in this mechanism, we bred mice harboring a conditional allele for angiotensinogen (Agt, encoding AGT) with mice expressing Cre-recombinase via the Lepr or Agrp promoters to cause cell-specific deletions of Agt (AgtLepr-KO and AgtAgrp-KO mice, respectively). AgtLepr-KO mice were phenotypically normal, arguing against a paracrine/autocrine AGT signaling mechanism for metabolic control. In contrast, AgtAgrp-KO mice exhibited reduced preweaning survival, and surviving adults exhibited altered renal structure and steroid flux, paralleling previous reports of animals with whole body Agt deficiency or Agt disruption in albumin (Alb)-expressing cells (thought to cause liver-specific disruption). Surprisingly, adult AgtAgrp-KO mice exhibited normal circulating AGT protein and hepatic Agt mRNA expression but reduced Agt mRNA expression in adrenal glands. Reanalysis of RNA-sequencing data sets describing transcriptomes of normal adrenal glands suggests that Agrp and Alb are both expressed in this tissue, and fluorescent reporter gene expression confirms Cre activity in adrenal gland of both Agrp-Cre and Alb-Cre mice. These findings lead to the iconoclastic conclusion that extrahepatic (i.e., adrenal) expression of Agt is critically required for normal renal development and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Sapouckey
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Lisa L Morselli
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Guorui Deng
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Chetan N Patil
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Vanessa Oliveira
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Kristin E Claflin
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Javier Gomez
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Nicole A Pearson
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Matthew J Potthoff
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Obesity Research & Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Fraternal Order of Eagles' Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Katherine N Gibson-Corley
- Fraternal Order of Eagles' Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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32
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Lee SS, Kim CJ, Shin MS, Lim BV. Treadmill exercise ameliorates memory impairment through ERK-Akt-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway in cerebral ischemia gerbils. J Exerc Rehabil 2020; 16:49-57. [PMID: 32161734 PMCID: PMC7056476 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2040014.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cell death in the hippocampus by cerebral ischemia causes disability of memory function. Cerebral ischemia also alters the expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cyclic adenosine monophosphate-responsive element binding protein (CREB), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (Akt). In the present study, we investigated the effect of treadmill exercise on cerebral ischemia in relation with ERK-Akt-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway in the hippocampus using gerbils. Induction of cerebral ischemia deteriorated short-term memory with suppression of phosphorylation of ERK-Akt-CREB-BDNF pathway in the hippocampus of gerbils. Enhancement of apoptosis in the hippocampus was accompanied in the ischemia gerbils. Treadmill exercise improved short-term memory through enhancing phosphorylation of ERK-Akt-CREB-BDNF pathway with suppressing apoptosis in the hip-pocampus of the ischemia gerbils. The present results suggest that improvement of memory function after cerebral ischemia by treadmill exercise may be involved in the ERK-Akt-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway, resulting in inhibition of apoptosis in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Shin Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Ju Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mal-Soon Shin
- School of Global Sport Studies, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Baek-Vin Lim
- Division of Leisure & Sports Science, Department of Exercise Prescription, Dongseo University, Busan, Korea
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33
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Crebl2 regulates cell metabolism in muscle and liver cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19869. [PMID: 31882710 PMCID: PMC6934747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56407-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified Drosophila REPTOR and REPTOR-BP as transcription factors downstream of mTORC1 that play an important role in regulating organismal metabolism. We study here the mammalian ortholog of REPTOR-BP, Crebl2. We find that Crebl2 mediates part of the transcriptional induction caused by mTORC1 inhibition. In C2C12 myoblasts, Crebl2 knockdown leads to elevated glucose uptake, elevated glycolysis as observed by lactate secretion, and elevated triglyceride biosynthesis. In Hepa1-6 hepatoma cells, Crebl2 knockdown also leads to elevated triglyceride levels. In sum, this works identifies Crebl2 as a regulator of cellular metabolism that can link nutrient sensing via mTORC1 to the metabolic response of cells.
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Mimicking Age-Associated Gadd45γ Dysregulation Results in Memory Impairments in Young Adult Mice. J Neurosci 2019; 40:1197-1210. [PMID: 31826946 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1621-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related memory loss is observed across multiple mammalian species and preferentially affects hippocampus-dependent memory. Memory impairments are characterized by accelerated decay of spatial memories. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying these deficits are still largely unknown. Here, we investigated the expression and function of the growth arrest DNA damage (Gadd45) family during aging and cognition, respectively. We report that aging impairs the expression of Gadd45γ in the hippocampus of cognitively impaired male mice. Mimicking this decrease in young adult male mice led to age-like memory deficits in hippocampus-dependent memory tasks. Gadd45γ reduction impaired the activity of key components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway (p38 and JNK) in mouse hippocampal cultures. Furthermore, we found that activation of downstream targets, such as ATF-2, c-Jun, and CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein), was disrupted. Finally, we showed that Gadd45γ is required for induction of key early- and late-response genes that have been associated with aging. Together, these findings indicate that Gadd45γ expression regulates cognitive abilities and synapse-to-nucleus communication and suggest Gadd45γ dysfunction as a potential mechanism contributing to age-related cognitive impairments.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A high percentage of subjects experience age-related memory loss that burdens daily performance. Although many advances have been made, the precise changes in the brain governing these deficits are unclear. Identifying molecular processes that are required for cognition and are altered during old age is crucial to develop preventive or therapeutic strategies. Here, we show that baseline and learning-induced expression of the growth arrest DNA damage (Gadd45) γ is selectively impaired in the hippocampus of aged mice with cognitive deficits. Next, we show that modeling this impairment in young adult mice with normal cognitive performance disrupts long- and short-term memories in an age-like manner. Finally, we demonstrate that Gadd45γ regulates synapse-to-nucleus communication processes that are needed for plasticity-associated gene expression.
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Yang F, Xu M, Wang S, Song L, Yu D, Li Y, Cao R, Xiong Z, Chen Z, Zhang Q, Zhao B, Wang S. Gain-Of-Function E76K-Mutant SHP2 Promotes Cell Proliferation, Metastasis, And Tumor Growth In Glioblastoma Through Activation Of The ERK/CREB Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:9435-9447. [PMID: 31807022 PMCID: PMC6844267 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s222881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gain-of-function (GOF) E76K-mutant Src homology-2 domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP2) on the biological behaviors of glioblastoma (GBM) cells, and explore the molecular mechanisms of GBM progression. Methods Firstly, a negative control vector and vectors overexpressing SHP2 and E76K-mutant SHP2 were transduced into GBM cells (U87 and A172) using a lentivirus. The effect of GOF-mutant SHP2 on proliferation was measured using the MTT assay, flow cytometry, colony formation assay, and soft agar assay. Moreover, the migration and invasion of GBM cells were determined through the transwell assay. Related proteins of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/cAMP response element binding protein (ERK/CREB) pathway were detected by Western blotting analysis. A xenograft model was established to confirm the tumor-promoting effect of GOF-mutant SHP2 in vivo. Finally, ERK was inhibited using a mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase inhibitor (U0126) to further explore the molecular mechanism of GOF-mutant SHP2 affecting GBM cells. Results After transduction, the expression of SHP2 in the SHP2-mutant and SHP2-overexpression groups was higher than that observed in the control and normal groups. Our data indicated that GOF-mutant SHP2 enhanced the abilities of GBM cells for proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, and promoted tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, the ERK/CREB pathway was activated, and the levels of relevant proteins were increased in the SHP2-mutant group. Furthermore, following inhibition of ERK in the GOF-SHP2 mutant group, the activation of CREB was also depressed, and the malignant biological behaviors were weakened accordingly. Conclusion The GOF-mutant SHP2 promoted GBM cell proliferation, metastasis, and tumor growth through the ERK/CREB pathway, providing a promising target for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Mo Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqing Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Cao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Xiong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Siying Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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Murray CW, Brady JJ, Tsai MK, Li C, Winters IP, Tang R, Andrejka L, Ma RK, Kunder CA, Chu P, Winslow MM. An LKB1-SIK Axis Suppresses Lung Tumor Growth and Controls Differentiation. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:1590-1605. [PMID: 31350327 PMCID: PMC6825558 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The kinase LKB1 is a critical tumor suppressor in sporadic and familial human cancers, yet the mechanisms by which it suppresses tumor growth remain poorly understood. To investigate the tumor-suppressive capacity of four canonical families of LKB1 substrates in vivo, we used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated combinatorial genome editing in a mouse model of oncogenic KRAS-driven lung adenocarcinoma. We demonstrate that members of the SIK family are critical for constraining tumor development. Histologic and gene-expression similarities between LKB1- and SIK-deficient tumors suggest that SIKs and LKB1 operate within the same axis. Furthermore, a gene-expression signature reflecting SIK deficiency is enriched in LKB1-mutant human lung adenocarcinomas and is regulated by LKB1 in human cancer cell lines. Together, these findings reveal a key LKB1-SIK tumor-suppressive axis and underscore the need to redirect efforts to elucidate the mechanisms through which LKB1 mediates tumor suppression. SIGNIFICANCE: Uncovering the effectors of frequently altered tumor suppressor genes is critical for understanding the fundamental driving forces of cancer growth. Our identification of the SIK family of kinases as effectors of LKB1-mediated tumor suppression will refocus future mechanistic studies and may lead to new avenues for genotype-specific therapeutic interventions.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1469.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Murray
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Jennifer J Brady
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Min K Tsai
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Ian P Winters
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Rui Tang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Laura Andrejka
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Rosanna K Ma
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Christian A Kunder
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Pauline Chu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Monte M Winslow
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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37
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Xu ML, Zheng ZY, Xia YJ, Liu EYL, Chan SKH, Hu WH, Duan R, Dong TTX, Zhan CS, Shang XH, Tsim KWK. Shexiang Baoxin Pill, a Formulated Chinese Herbal Mixture, Induces Neuronal Differentiation of PC12 Cells: A Signaling Triggered by Activation of Protein Kinase A. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1130. [PMID: 31649530 PMCID: PMC6794430 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Shexiang Baoxin Pill (SBP) is a well-known composite formula of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which is commonly used today in treating cardiovascular diseases. SBP consists of seven materials thereof, including Moschus, extract of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Bovis Calculus Artifactus, Cinnamomi Cortex, Styrax, Bufonis Venenum, and Borneolum Syntheticum. Here, we are investigating the potential roles of SBP in inducing neuron differentiation, i.e., seeking possible application in neurodegenerative diseases. Methods: Water and ethanol extracts of SBP, denoted as SBPwater and SBPEtOH, respectively, as well as its individual herbal materials, were standardized and applied onto cultured rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. The potential effect of SBP extracts in neuronal differentiation was suggested by following parameters: (i) induction of neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells, (ii) increase of neurofilament expression, and (iii) activation of transcription of neurofilament. Results: The treatments of SBPwater and SBPEtOH, or extracts from individual herbal materials, with or without low concentration of nerve growth factor (NGF), could potentiate the differentiation of cultured PC12 cells. The differentiation was indicated by increase of neurite outgrowth, as well as expression of neurofilaments. In addition, application of H89, a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, suppressed the SBP-induced neurofilament expressions, as well as the phosphorylation of cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) in cultures. Conclusion: SBP is proposed to possess trophic activity in modulating neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells, and this induction is shown to be mediated partly by a cAMP-PKA signaling pathway. These results indicate the neurite-promoting SBP could be useful in developing potential drug in treating or preventing neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Li Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zhong-Yu Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ying-Jie Xia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Etta Yun-Le Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Stanley Ka-Ho Chan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Wei-Hui Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ran Duan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Tina Ting-Xia Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chang-Sen Zhan
- Shanghai Hutchison Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Innovation of Solid Preparation of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Shang
- Shanghai Hutchison Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Innovation of Solid Preparation of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Karl Wah-Keung Tsim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Manners MT, Brynildsen JK, Schechter M, Liu X, Eacret D, Blendy JA. CREB deletion increases resilience to stress and downregulates inflammatory gene expression in the hippocampus. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 81:388-398. [PMID: 31255680 PMCID: PMC6754757 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor CREB (cyclic AMP response element (CRE)-binding protein) is implicated in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. Structural and functional studies in both animals and humans suggest that abnormalities of the hippocampus may play a role in depression. CREB regulates thousands of genes, yet to date, only a handful that mediate depression or antidepressant response have been identified as relevant CREB targets. In order to comprehensively identify genes regulated by CREB in the hippocampus, we employed translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) to detect actively translating mRNAs in wild type and CREB-deficient mice. Using CrebloxP/loxP; RosaLSL-GFP-L10a mice, we conducted whole genome sequencing to identify transcripts only in cells that lack CREB, as introduction of Cre-recombinase simultaneously deleted CREB and expressed GFP-tagged L10a ribosomes that enabled TRAP. We identified over 200 downregulated genes predominantly associated with inflammation and the immune system, including toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1). To determine if baseline disruption in gene expression in the hippocampus of CREB-deficient mice can modulate behavior, we used unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) to produce a set of behavioral alterations with strong validity for depression. We found that CREB-deficient mice demonstrated resilience to the physiological effects of UCMS and also showed changes in affective behaviors specifically in the presence of stress. TLR1 expression was increased following UCMS in control but not in CREB-deficient mice. The results suggest that CREB-mediated regulation of immune system and inflammatory factors may provide additional targets for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa T. Manners
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julia K. Brynildsen
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Max Schechter
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Biological Basis of Behavior, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Darrell Eacret
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julie A. Blendy
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Corresponding author at: Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Translational Research Laboratory, 125 South 31 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.,
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39
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Van de Velde S, Wiater E, Tran M, Hwang Y, Cole PA, Montminy M. CREB Promotes Beta Cell Gene Expression by Targeting Its Coactivators to Tissue-Specific Enhancers. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:e00200-19. [PMID: 31182641 PMCID: PMC6692124 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00200-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CREB mediates effects of cyclic AMP on cellular gene expression. Ubiquitous CREB target genes are induced following recruitment of CREB and its coactivators to promoter proximal binding sites. We found that CREB stimulates the expression of pancreatic beta cell-specific genes by targeting CBP/p300 to promoter-distal enhancer regions. Subsequent increases in histone acetylation facilitate recruitment of the coactivators CRTC2 and BRD4, leading to release of RNA polymerase II over the target gene body. Indeed, CREB-induced hyperacetylation of chromatin over superenhancers promoted beta cell-restricted gene expression, which is sensitive to inhibitors of CBP/p300 and BRD4 activity. Neurod1 appears critical in establishing nucleosome-free regions for recruitment of CREB to beta cell-specific enhancers. Deletion of a CREB-Neurod1-bound enhancer within the Lrrc10b-Syt7 superenhancer disrupted the expression of both genes and decreased beta cell function. Our results demonstrate how cross talk between signal-dependent and lineage-determining factors promotes the expression of cell-type-specific gene programs in response to extracellular cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Van de Velde
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ezra Wiater
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Melissa Tran
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yousang Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Philip A Cole
- Department of Medicine, Department of Biology, Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marc Montminy
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Peptide Biology Laboratories, La Jolla, California, USA
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40
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Yang SC, Liu JJ, Wang CK, Lin YT, Tsai SY, Chen WJ, Huang WK, Tu PWA, Lin YC, Chang CF, Cheng CL, Lin H, Lai CY, Lin CY, Lee YH, Chiu YC, Hsu CC, Hsu SC, Hsiao M, Schuyler SC, Lu FL, Lu J. Down-regulation of ATF1 leads to early neuroectoderm differentiation of human embryonic stem cells by increasing the expression level of SOX2. FASEB J 2019; 33:10577-10592. [PMID: 31242772 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800220rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We reveal by high-throughput screening that activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1) is a novel pluripotent regulator in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). The knockdown of ATF1 expression significantly up-regulated neuroectoderm (NE) genes but not mesoderm, endoderm, and trophectoderm genes. Of note, down-regulation or knockout of ATF1 with short hairpin RNA (shRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) was sufficient to up-regulate sex-determining region Y-box (SOX)2 and paired box 6 (PAX6) expression under the undifferentiated or differentiated conditions, whereas overexpression of ATF1 suppressed NE differentiation. Endogenous ATF1 was spontaneously down-regulated after d 1-3 of neural induction. By double-knockdown experiments, up-regulation of SOX2 was critical for the increase of PAX6 and SOX1 expression in shRNA targeting Atf1 hESCs. Using the luciferase reporter assay, we identified ATF1 as a negative transcriptional regulator of Sox2 gene expression. A novel function of ATF1 was discovered, and these findings contribute to a broader understanding of the very first steps in regulating NE differentiation in hESCs.-Yang, S.-C., Liu, J.-J., Wang, C.-K., Lin, Y.-T., Tsai, S.-Y., Chen, W.-J., Huang, W.-K., Tu, P.-W. A., Lin, Y.-C., Chang, C.-F., Cheng, C.-L., Lin, H., Lai, C.-Y., Lin, C.-Y., Lee, Y.-H., Chiu, Y.-C., Hsu, C.-C., Hsu, S.-C., Hsiao, M., Schuyler, S. C., Lu, F. L., Lu, J. Down-regulation of ATF1 leads to early neuroectoderm differentiation of human embryonic stem cells by increasing the expression level of SOX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Chih Yang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Jan Liu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kai Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tsen Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Su-Yi Tsai
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ju Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kai Huang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen A Tu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Lun Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ying Lai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Lee
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chun Chiu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Shu-Ching Hsu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Zhunan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Scott C Schuyler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Frank Leigh Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jean Lu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,RNAi Core, National Core Facility, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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The Possible Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis considering MUC5B. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9712464. [PMID: 31309122 PMCID: PMC6594326 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9712464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Overexpression of the MUC5B protein is associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but little information is available regarding the pathogenic effects and regulatory mechanisms of overexpressed MUC5B in IPF. Main Body The overexpression of MUC5B in terminal bronchi and honeycomb cysts produces mucosal host defensive dysfunction in the distal airway which may play an important role in the development of IPF. This review addresses the possible association of overexpression of MUC5B, with MUC5B promoter polymorphism, MUC5B gene epigenetic changes, effects of some transcriptional factors, and inflammatory mediators in IPF. In addition, the associated signaling pathways which may influence the expression of MUC5B are also discussed. Conclusion This work has important implications for further exploration of the mechanisms of overexpression of MUC5B in IPF, and future personalized treatment.
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Lim SH, Lee J. Supplementation with psyllium seed husk reduces myocardial damage in a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion. Nutr Res Pract 2019; 13:205-213. [PMID: 31214288 PMCID: PMC6548711 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2019.13.3.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Myocardial infarction (MI) is caused by extensive myocardial damage attributed to the occlusion of coronary arteries. Our previous study in a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) demonstrated that administration of arabinoxylan (AX), comprising arabinose and xylose, protects against myocardial injury. In this study, we undertook to investigate whether psyllium seed husk (PSH), a safe dietary fiber containing a high level of AX (> 50%), also imparts protection against myocardial injury in the same rat model. MATERIALS/METHODS Rats were fed diets supplemented with PSH (1, 10, or 100 mg/kg/d) for 3 d. The rats were then subjected to 30 min ischemia through ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by 3 h reperfusion through release of the ligation. The hearts were harvested and cut into four slices. To assess infarct size (IS), an index representing heart damage, the slices were stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). To elucidate underlying mechanisms, Western blotting was performed for the slices. RESULTS Supplementation with 10 or 100 mg/kg/d of PSH significantly reduces the IS. PSH supplementation (100 mg/kg/d) tends to reduce caspase-3 generation and increase BCL-2/BAX ratio. PSH supplementation also upregulates the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), and its target genes including antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase mu 2 (GSTM2) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). PSH supplementation upregulates some sirtuins (NAD+-dependent deacetylases) including SIRT5 (a mitochondrial sirtuin) and SIRT6 and SIRT7 (nuclear sirtuins). Finally, PSH supplementation upregulates the expression of protein kinase A (PKA), and increases phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) (pCREB), a target protein of PKA. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study indicate that PSH consumption reduces myocardial I/R injury in rats by inhibiting the apoptotic cascades through modulation of gene expression of several genes located upstream of apoptosis. Therefore, we believe that PSH can be developed as a functional food that would be beneficial in the prevention of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ha Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, 33 Duryugongwon-ro 17-gil, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, 33 Duryugongwon-ro 17-gil, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
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Theobromine Improves Working Memory by Activating the CaMKII/CREB/BDNF Pathway in Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040888. [PMID: 31010016 PMCID: PMC6520707 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Theobromine (TB) is a primary methylxanthine found in cacao beans. cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) is a transcription factor, which is involved in different brain processes that bring about cellular changes in response to discrete sets of instructions, including the induction of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF). Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) has been strongly implicated in the memory formation of different species as a key regulator of gene expression. Here we investigated whether TB acts on the CaMKII/CREB/BDNF pathway in a way that might improve the cognitive and learning function in rats. Male Wistar rats (5 weeks old) were divided into two groups. For 73 days, the control rats (CN rats) were fed a normal diet, while the TB-fed rats (TB rats) received the same food, but with a 0.05% TB supplement. To assess the effects of TB on cognitive and learning ability in rats: The radial arm maze task, novel object recognition test, and Y-maze test were used. Then, the brain was removed and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was isolated for Western Blot, real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Phosphorylated CaMKII (p-CaMKII), phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB), and BDNF level in the mPFC were measured. In all the behavior tests, working memory seemed to be improved by TB ingestion. In addition, p-CaMKII and p-CREB levels were significantly elevated in the mPFC of TB rats in comparison to those of CN rats. We also found that cortical BDNF protein and mRNA levels in TB rats were significantly greater than those in CN rats. These results suggest that orally supplemented TB upregulates the CaMKII/CREB/BDNF pathway in the mPFC, which may then improve working memory in rats.
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Naletova I, Satriano C, Pietropaolo A, Gianì F, Pandini G, Triaca V, Amadoro G, Latina V, Calissano P, Travaglia A, Nicoletti VG, La Mendola D, Rizzarelli E. The Copper(II)-Assisted Connection between NGF and BDNF by Means of Nerve Growth Factor-Mimicking Short Peptides. Cells 2019; 8:E301. [PMID: 30939824 PMCID: PMC6523629 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a protein necessary for development and maintenance of the sympathetic and sensory nervous systems. We have previously shown that the NGF N-terminus peptide NGF(1-14) is sufficient to activate TrkA signaling pathways essential for neuronal survival and to induce an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. Cu2+ ions played a critical role in the modulation of the biological activity of NGF(1-14). Using computational, spectroscopic, and biochemical techniques, here we report on the ability of a newly synthesized peptide named d-NGF(1-15), which is the dimeric form of NGF(1-14), to interact with TrkA. We found that d-NGF(1-15) interacts with the TrkA-D5 domain and induces the activation of its signaling pathways. Copper binding to d-NGF(1-15) stabilizes the secondary structure of the peptides, suggesting a strengthening of the noncovalent interactions that allow for the molecular recognition of D5 domain of TrkA and the activation of the signaling pathways. Intriguingly, the signaling cascade induced by the NGF peptides ultimately involves cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) activation and an increase in BDNF protein level, in keeping with our previous result showing an increase of BDNF mRNA. All these promising connections can pave the way for developing interesting novel drugs for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Naletova
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Cristina Satriano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Adriana Pietropaolo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Fiorenza Gianì
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, via Palermo n. 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Pandini
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, via Palermo n. 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Viviana Triaca
- Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale "Rita Levi Montalcini", Institute of Cellular Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Via del Policlinico 255, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Amadoro
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 00131 Rome, Italy.
| | - Valentina Latina
- European Brain Research Institute, Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161, 64-65, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Pietro Calissano
- European Brain Research Institute, Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161, 64-65, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessio Travaglia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Giuseppe Nicoletti
- Section of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Diego La Mendola
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
- Institute of Crystallography-Catania, National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Gaifami, 95126 Catania, Italy.
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Sabatini PV, Speckmann T, Lynn FC. Friend and foe: β-cell Ca 2+ signaling and the development of diabetes. Mol Metab 2019; 21:1-12. [PMID: 30630689 PMCID: PMC6407368 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The divalent cation Calcium (Ca2+) regulates a wide range of processes in disparate cell types. Within insulin-producing β-cells, increases in cytosolic Ca2+ directly stimulate insulin vesicle exocytosis, but also initiate multiple signaling pathways. Mediated through activation of downstream kinases and transcription factors, Ca2+-regulated signaling pathways leverage substantial influence on a number of critical cellular processes within the β-cell. Additionally, there is evidence that prolonged activation of these same pathways is detrimental to β-cell health and may contribute to Type 2 Diabetes pathogenesis. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review aims to briefly highlight canonical Ca2+ signaling pathways in β-cells and how β-cells regulate the movement of Ca2+ across numerous organelles and microdomains. As a main focus, this review synthesizes experimental data from in vitro and in vivo models on both the beneficial and detrimental effects of Ca2+ signaling pathways for β-cell function and health. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Acute increases in intracellular Ca2+ stimulate a number of signaling cascades, resulting in (de-)phosphorylation events and activation of downstream transcription factors. The short-term stimulation of these Ca2+ signaling pathways promotes numerous cellular processes critical to β-cell function, including increased viability, replication, and insulin production and secretion. Conversely, chronic stimulation of Ca2+ signaling pathways increases β-cell ER stress and results in the loss of β-cell differentiation status. Together, decades of study demonstrate that Ca2+ movement is tightly regulated within the β-cell, which is at least partially due to its dual roles as a potent signaling molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Sabatini
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thilo Speckmann
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Francis C Lynn
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Tu Y, Liang Y, Xiao Y, Lv J, Guan R, Xiao F, Xie Y, Xiao Q. Dexmedetomidine attenuates the neurotoxicity of propofol toward primary hippocampal neurons in vitro via Erk1/2/CREB/BDNF signaling pathways. Drug Des Devel Ther 2019; 13:695-706. [PMID: 30858699 PMCID: PMC6387615 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s188436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propofol is a commonly used general anesthetic for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia and critical care sedation in children, which may add risk to poor neurodevelopmental outcome. We aimed to evaluate the effect of propofol toward primary hippocampal neurons in vitro and the possibly neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine pretreatment, as well as the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND PROCEDURES Primary hippocampal neurons were cultured for 8 days in vitro and pretreated with or without dexmedetomidine or phosphorylation inhibitors prior to propofol exposure. Cell viability was measured using cell counting kit-8 assays. Cell apoptosis was evaluated using a transmission electron microscope and flow cytometry analyses. Levels of mRNAs encoding signaling pathway intermediates were assessed using qRT-PCR. The expression of signaling pathway intermediates and apoptosis-related proteins was determined by Western blotting. RESULTS Propofol significantly reduced cell viability, induced neuronal apoptosis, and downregulated the expression of the BDNF mRNA and the levels of the phospho-Erk1/2 (p-Erk1/2), phospho-CREB (p-CREB), and BDNF proteins. The dexmedetomidine pretreatment increased neuronal viability and alleviated propofol-induced neuronal apoptosis and rescued the propofol-induced downregulation of both the BDNF mRNA and the levels of the p-Erk1/2, p-CREB, and BDNF proteins. However, this neuroprotective effect was abolished by PD98059, H89, and KG501, further preventing the dexmedetomidine pretreatment from rescuing the propofol-induced downregulation of the BDNF mRNA and p-Erk1/2, p-CREB, and BDNF proteins. CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine alleviates propofol-induced cytotoxicity toward primary hippocampal neurons in vitro, which correlated with the activation of Erk1/2/CREB/BDNF signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youbing Tu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China,
| | - Yubing Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yong Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China,
| | - Jing Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China,
| | - Ruicong Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China,
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China,
| | - Yubo Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China,
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China,
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Carullo NVN, Day JJ. Genomic Enhancers in Brain Health and Disease. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E43. [PMID: 30646598 PMCID: PMC6357130 DOI: 10.3390/genes10010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancers are non-coding DNA elements that function in cis to regulate transcription from nearby genes. Through direct interactions with gene promoters, enhancers give rise to spatially and temporally precise gene expression profiles in distinct cell or tissue types. In the brain, the accurate regulation of these intricate expression programs across different neuronal classes gives rise to an incredible cellular and functional diversity. Newly developed technologies have recently allowed more accurate enhancer mapping and more sophisticated enhancer manipulation, producing rapid progress in our understanding of enhancer biology. Furthermore, identification of disease-linked genetic variation in enhancer regions has highlighted the potential influence of enhancers in brain health and disease. This review outlines the key role of enhancers as transcriptional regulators, reviews the current understanding of enhancer regulation in neuronal development, function and dysfunction and provides our thoughts on how enhancers can be targeted for technological and therapeutic goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy V N Carullo
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Jeremy J Day
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Sadat-Shirazi MS, Babhadi-Ashar N, Khalifeh S, Mahboubi S, Ahmadian-Moghaddam H, Zarrindast MR. Tramadol induces changes in Δ-FosB, µ-opioid receptor, and p-CREB level in the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex of male Wistar rat. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2019; 45:84-89. [PMID: 30632799 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2018.1529182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides the analgesic effect of tramadol, prolonged exposure to tramadol can induce adaptive changes thereby leading to dependence and tolerance. Tramadol induces its effect via µ-opioid receptor (MOR). However, tramadol has other targets such as serotonin and epinephrine transporters. OBJECTIVE CREB and ΔFosB are transcriptional factors, which are involved in the behavioral abnormalities underlying drug abuse. In this study, the effects of acute and chronic tramadol treatments on MOR, ΔFosB, and CREB levels were studied. METHODS For this purpose, 36 male Wistar rats were used. The animals were divided into two main groups. A total of 18 animals received tramadol (0, 5, and 10 mg/kg) acutely and 18 animals received the same doses for the following 14 days. One hour after the last injection, the NAC and PFC were dissected and kept at -80°C in liquid nitrogen. Using western blotting technique, the levels of MOR, ΔFosB, and p-CREB were evaluated. RESULTS In the NAC, acute tramadol exposure increases the levels of MOR and p-CREB. Moreover, chronic tramadol administration in this region results in elevated levels of MOR, ΔFosB and p-CREB compared with saline-treated rats. The levels of MOR and p-CREB in the PFC increased in both acute and chronic tramadol exposure. Also, ΔFosB levels increased only following chronic tramadol administration. The results revealed that adaptive changes occurred during drug exposure. CONCLUSION We concluded that both CREB and ΔFosB played a role in tramadol dependence. Additionally, increased MOR levels during tramadol treatments might be due to receptor desensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra-Sadat Sadat-Shirazi
- a Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
- b Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Nima Babhadi-Ashar
- a Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Solmaz Khalifeh
- c Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC) , Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Sarah Mahboubi
- b Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hamid Ahmadian-Moghaddam
- a Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- a Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
- d Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
- e Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute , Tehran University of Medical Science , Tehran , Iran
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Hannou L, Roy P, Ballester Roig MN, Mongrain V. Transcriptional control of synaptic components by the clock machinery. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 51:241-267. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Hannou
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine and Research CenterHôpital du Sacré‐Cœur de Montréal (CIUSSS‐NIM) Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of PsychiatryUniversité de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Pierre‐Gabriel Roy
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine and Research CenterHôpital du Sacré‐Cœur de Montréal (CIUSSS‐NIM) Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversité de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Maria Neus Ballester Roig
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine and Research CenterHôpital du Sacré‐Cœur de Montréal (CIUSSS‐NIM) Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversité de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Valérie Mongrain
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine and Research CenterHôpital du Sacré‐Cœur de Montréal (CIUSSS‐NIM) Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversité de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
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50
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Berdeaux R, Hutchins C. Anabolic and Pro-metabolic Functions of CREB-CRTC in Skeletal Muscle: Advantages and Obstacles for Type 2 Diabetes and Cancer Cachexia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:535. [PMID: 31428057 PMCID: PMC6688074 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
cAMP is one of the earliest described mediators of hormone action in response to physiologic stress that allows acute stress responses and adaptation in every tissue. The classic role of cAMP signaling in metabolic tissues is to regulate nutrient partitioning. In response to acute stress, such as epinephrine released during strenuous exercise or fasting, intramuscular cAMP liberates glucose from glycogen and fatty acids from triglycerides. In the long-term, activation of Gs-coupled GPCRs stimulates muscle growth (hypertrophy) and metabolic adaptation through multiple pathways that culminate in a net increase of protein synthesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, and improved metabolic efficiency. This review focuses on regulation, function, and transcriptional targets of CREB (cAMP response element binding protein) and CRTCs (CREB regulated transcriptional coactivators) in skeletal muscle and the potential for targeting this pathway to sustain muscle mass and metabolic function in type 2 diabetes and cancer. Although the muscle-autonomous roles of these proteins might render them excellent targets for both conditions, pharmacologic targeting must be approached with caution. Gain of CREB-CRTC function is associated with excess liver glucose output in type 2 diabetes, and growing evidence implicates CREB-CRTC activation in proliferation and invasion of different types of cancer cells. We conclude that deeper investigation to identify skeletal muscle specific regulatory mechanisms that govern CREB-CRTC transcriptional activity is needed to safely take advantage of their potent effects to invigorate skeletal muscle to potentially improve health in people with type 2 diabetes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Berdeaux
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, The MD Anderson-UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Rebecca Berdeaux
| | - Chase Hutchins
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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