1
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Hu Y, Delviks-Frankenberry KA, Wu C, Arizaga F, Pathak VK, Xiong Y. Structural insights into PPP2R5A degradation by HIV-1 Vif. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024; 31:1492-1501. [PMID: 38789685 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01314-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
HIV-1 Vif recruits host cullin-RING-E3 ubiquitin ligase and CBFβ to degrade the cellular APOBEC3 antiviral proteins through diverse interactions. Recent evidence has shown that Vif also degrades the regulatory subunits PPP2R5(A-E) of cellular protein phosphatase 2A to induce G2/M cell cycle arrest. As PPP2R5 proteins bear no functional or structural resemblance to A3s, it is unclear how Vif can recognize different sets of proteins. Here we report the cryogenic-electron microscopy structure of PPP2R5A in complex with HIV-1 Vif-CBFβ-elongin B-elongin C at 3.58 Å resolution. The structure shows PPP2R5A binds across the Vif molecule, with biochemical and cellular studies confirming a distinct Vif-PPP2R5A interface that partially overlaps with those for A3s. Vif also blocks a canonical PPP2R5A substrate-binding site, indicating that it suppresses the phosphatase activities through both degradation-dependent and degradation-independent mechanisms. Our work identifies critical Vif motifs regulating the recognition of diverse A3 and PPP2R5A substrates, whereby disruption of these host-virus protein interactions could serve as potential targets for HIV-1 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxia Hu
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Krista A Delviks-Frankenberry
- Viral Mutation Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Chunxiang Wu
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Fidel Arizaga
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vinay K Pathak
- Viral Mutation Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Yong Xiong
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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2
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A Avelar R, Gupta R, Carvette G, da Veiga Leprevost F, Jasti M, Colina J, Teitel J, Nesvizhskii AI, O'Connor CM, Hatzoglou M, Shenolikar S, Arvan P, Narla G, DiFeo A. Integrated stress response plasticity governs normal cell adaptation to chronic stress via the PP2A-TFE3-ATF4 pathway. Cell Death Differ 2024:10.1038/s41418-024-01378-3. [PMID: 39349971 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01378-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) regulates cell fate during conditions of stress by leveraging the cell's capacity to endure sustainable and efficient adaptive stress responses. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity modulation has been shown to be successful in achieving both therapeutic efficacy and safety across various cancer models. However, the molecular mechanisms driving its selective antitumor effects remain unclear. Here, we show for the first time that ISR plasticity relies on PP2A activation to regulate drug response and dictate cellular survival under conditions of chronic stress. We demonstrate that genetic and chemical modulation of the PP2A leads to chronic proteolytic stress and triggers an ISR to dictate whether the cell lives or dies. More specifically, we uncovered that the PP2A-TFE3-ATF4 pathway governs ISR cell plasticity during endoplasmic reticular and cellular stress independent of the unfolded protein response. We further show that normal cells reprogram their genetic signatures to undergo ISR-mediated adaptation and homeostatic recovery thereby avoiding toxicity following PP2A-mediated stress. Conversely, oncogenic specific cytotoxicity induced by chemical modulation of PP2A is achieved by activating chronic and irreversible ISR in cancer cells. Our findings propose that a differential response to chemical modulation of PP2A is determined by intrinsic ISR plasticity, providing a novel biological vulnerability to selectively induce cancer cell death and improve targeted therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita A Avelar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Riya Gupta
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Grace Carvette
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Medhasri Jasti
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jose Colina
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jessica Teitel
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexey I Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Caitlin M O'Connor
- Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maria Hatzoglou
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shirish Shenolikar
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Goutham Narla
- Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Analisa DiFeo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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3
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Musumeci A, Vinci M, Verbinnen I, Treccarichi S, Nigliato E, Chiavetta V, Greco D, Vitello GA, Federico C, Janssens V, Saccone S, Calì F. PPP2R5E: New gene potentially involved in specific learning disorders and myopathy. Gene 2024; 933:148945. [PMID: 39284558 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a family of multifunctional enzymatic complexes crucial for cellular signalling, playing a pivotal role in brain function and development. Mutations in specific genes encoding PP2A complexes have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders with hypotonia and high risk of seizures. In the current work, we present an individual with specific learning problems, motor coordination disorders, hypotonia and behavioural issues. Although whole exome sequencing (WES) did not unveil pathogenic variants in known genes related to these symptoms, a de novo heterozygous variant Glu191Lys was identified within PPP2R5E, encoding the PP2A regulatory subunit B56ε. The novel variant was not observed in the four healthy brothers and was not detected as parental somatic mosaicism. The mutation predicted a change of charge of the mutated amino acid within a conserved LFDSEDPRER motif common to all PPP2R5 B-subunits. Biochemical assays demonstrated a decreased interaction with the PP2A A and C subunits, leading to disturbances in holoenzyme formation, and thus likely, function. For the first time, we report a potential causal link between the observed variant within the PPP2R5E gene and the symptoms manifested in the subject, spanning specific learning problems and motor coordination disorders potentially associated with myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Musumeci
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018, Troina, EN, Italy
| | - Mirella Vinci
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018, Troina, EN, Italy
| | - Iris Verbinnen
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Herestraat 49, PO-box 901, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Simone Treccarichi
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018, Troina, EN, Italy
| | - Eleonora Nigliato
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Herestraat 49, PO-box 901, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valeria Chiavetta
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018, Troina, EN, Italy
| | - Donatella Greco
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018, Troina, EN, Italy
| | | | - Concetta Federico
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Veerle Janssens
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Herestraat 49, PO-box 901, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Salvatore Saccone
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Francesco Calì
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018, Troina, EN, Italy
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4
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Liao R, Bresnick EH. Endogenous small molecule effectors in GATA transcription factor mechanisms governing biological and pathological processes. Exp Hematol 2024; 137:104252. [PMID: 38876253 PMCID: PMC11381147 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Transcriptional mechanisms establish and maintain complex genetic and protein networks to control cell state transitions. The hematopoietic transcription factor GATA1 is a master regulator of erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis, and human GATA1 genetic variants cause anemia and megakaryoblastic leukemia. Multiomic analyses revealed that GATA1 controls expression of transporters and metabolic enzymes that dictate intracellular levels of endogenous small molecules, including heme, metal ions, and sphingolipids. Besides its canonical function as a hemoglobin component, heme facilitates or antagonizes GATA1 function to regulate erythropoiesis via mechanisms dependent or independent of the heme-binding transcription factor BTB domain and CNC homology 1 (BACH1). GATA1 regulates the expression of genes encoding heme biosynthetic enzymes and BACH1. GATA1 maintains homeostasis of bioactive ceramides during erythroid differentiation by regulating genes encoding sphingolipid metabolic enzymes. Disrupting ceramide homeostasis impairs critical cytokine signaling and is detrimental to erythroid cells. During erythroid maturation, GATA1 induces a zinc transporter switch that favors export versus import, thus dictating the intracellular zinc level, erythroblast survival, and differentiation. In aggregate, these studies support an emerging paradigm in which GATA factor-dependent transcriptional mechanisms control the intracellular levels of endogenous small molecules and small molecule-dependent feedback loops that serve as vital effectors of transcription factor activity, genome function, and cell state transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Liao
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Emery H Bresnick
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI.
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5
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Stadnicki EJ, Ludewig H, Kumar RP, Wang X, Qiao Y, Kern D, Bradshaw N. Dual-Action Kinase Inhibitors Influence p38α MAP Kinase Dephosphorylation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.15.594272. [PMID: 39149408 PMCID: PMC11326130 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.15.594272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Reversible protein phosphorylation directs essential cellular processes including cell division, cell growth, cell death, inflammation, and differentiation. Because protein phosphorylation drives diverse diseases, kinases and phosphatases have been targets for drug discovery, with some achieving remarkable clinical success. Most protein kinases are activated by phosphorylation of their activation loops, which shifts the conformational equilibrium of the kinase towards the active state. To turn off the kinase, protein phosphatases dephosphorylate these sites, but how the conformation of the dynamic activation loop contributes to dephosphorylation was not known. To answer this, we modulated the activation loop conformational equilibrium of human p38α ΜΑP kinase with existing kinase inhibitors that bind and stabilize specific inactive activation loop conformations. From this, we discovered three inhibitors that increase the rate of dephosphorylation of the activation loop phospho-threonine by the PPM serine/threonine phosphatase WIP1. Hence, these compounds are "dual-action" inhibitors that simultaneously block the active site and stimulate p38α dephosphorylation. Our X-ray crystal structures of phosphorylated p38α bound to the dual-action inhibitors reveal a shared flipped conformation of the activation loop with a fully accessible phospho-threonine. In contrast, our X-ray crystal structure of phosphorylated apo human p38α reveals a different activation loop conformation with an inaccessible phospho-threonine, thereby explaining the increased rate of dephosphorylation upon inhibitor binding. These findings reveal a conformational preference of phosphatases for their targets and suggest a new approach to achieving improved potency and specificity for therapeutic kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Stadnicki
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University
- Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Brandeis University
| | - Hannes Ludewig
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Ramasamy P Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University
- Present address: Northeastern University
| | - Xicong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University
| | - Youwei Qiao
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University
- Present address: UMass Medical School
| | - Dorothee Kern
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
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6
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Johnson H, Singh A, Raza A, Sha CM, Wang J, Gowda K, Shen Z, Nair H, Li C, Dokholyan NV, Narayan S, Sharma AK. Identification of a Novel Protein Phosphatase 2A Activator, PPA24, as a Potential Therapeutic for FOLFOX-Resistant Colorectal Cancer. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39004939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
A series of compounds were designed utilizing molecular modeling and fragment-based design based upon the known protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activators, NSC49L and iHAP1, and evaluated for their ability to inhibit the viability of colorectal cancer (CRC) and folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX)-resistant CRC cells. PPA24 (19a) was identified as the most cytotoxic compound with IC50 values in the range of 2.36-6.75 μM in CRC and FOLFOX-resistant CRC cell lines. It stimulated PP2A activity to a greater extent, displayed lower binding energies through molecular docking, and showed higher binding affinity through surface plasmon resonance for PP2A catalytic subunit α than the known PP2A activators. PPA24 dose-dependently induced apoptosis and oxidative stress, decreased the level of c-Myc expression, and synergistically potentiated cytotoxicity when combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin. Furthermore, a PPA24-encapsulated nanoformulation significantly inhibited the growth of CRC xenografts without systemic toxicities. Together, these results signify the potential of PPA24 as a novel PP2A activator and a prospective therapeutic for CRC and FOLFOX-resistant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Amandeep Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Asif Raza
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Congzhou M Sha
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Krishne Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Zhihang Shen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Haritha Nair
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Satya Narayan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
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7
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Yuan Q, Jia X, Wang M, Chen Z, Xu T, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wang Z, Yang C, Zhang M, Zhang W, Huang M, Ji N. LincR-PPP2R5C Deficiency Alleviates Airway Remodeling by Inhibiting Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Through the PP2A/TGF-β1 Signaling Pathway in Chronic Experimental Allergic Asthma. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2024; 16:422-433. [PMID: 39155740 PMCID: PMC11331192 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2024.16.4.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Airway remodeling is a key characteristic of allergic asthma. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by various factors, particularly transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, orchestrates airway remodeling. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), an important serine-threonine phosphatase, is involved in TGF-β1 production and EMT. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as novel players in regulating EMT. Here, we aimed to explore the effects and mechanisms of action of lincR-PPP2R5C, a lncRNA that affects PP2A activity, on airway remodeling in a mouse model of chronic allergic asthma. LincR-PPP2R5C knockout (KO) alleviated inflammatory responses in house dust mite (HDM)-induced chronic allergic asthma. Moreover, airway remodeling and EMT were reduced in lung tissues of lincR-PPP2R5C KO mice. HDM extract induced EMT in airway epithelial cells, which was decreased following lincR-PPP2R5C KO. Mechanistically, lincR-PPP2R5C deficiency enhanced PP2A activity, which inhibited TGF-β1 production in epithelial cells. In conclusion, lincR-PPP2R5C deficiency prevented HDM-induced airway remodeling in mice by reversing EMT, which was mediated by the PP2A/TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Thus, lncRNAs, i.e., lincR-PPP2R5C, may be potential targets to prevent airway remodeling in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Jia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongqi Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xijie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengxia Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingshun Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ningfei Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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8
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Zhou Y, Yao Z, Lin Y, Zhang H. From Tyrosine Kinases to Tyrosine Phosphatases: New Therapeutic Targets in Cancers and Beyond. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:888. [PMID: 39065585 PMCID: PMC11279542 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16070888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) regulate the level of tyrosine phosphorylation in proteins. PTKs are key enzymes that catalyze the transfer of an ATP phosphoric acid to a tyrosine residue on target protein substrates. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are responsible for the dephosphorylation of tyrosine residues and play a role in countering PTK overactivity. As widespread oncogenes, PTKs were once considered to be promising targets for therapy. However, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) now face a number of challenges, including drug resistance and toxic side effects. Treatment strategies now need to be developed from a new perspective. In this review, we assess the current state of TKIs and highlight the role of PTPs in cancer and other diseases. With the advances of allosteric inhibition and the development of multiple alternative proprietary drug strategies, the reputation of PTPs as "undruggable" targets has been overturned, and they are now considered viable therapeutic targets. We also discuss the strategies and prospects of PTP-targeted therapy, as well as its future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhimeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510660, China
| | - Yusheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510660, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Pathology, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, China
- Zhuhai Institute of Jinan University, Zhuhai 511436, China
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9
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Lin G, Xia A, Qiao J, Zhang H, Chen P, Zhou P, Hu Q, Xiang Z, Zhang S, Li L, Yang S. Identification of a new class of activators of the Hippo pathway with antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 224:116217. [PMID: 38641306 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is a key regulator of tissue growth, organ size, and tumorigenesis. Activating the Hippo pathway by gene editing or pharmaceutical intervention has been proven to be a new therapeutic strategy for treatment of the Hippo pathway-dependent cancers. To now, a number of compounds that directly target the downstream effector proteins of Hippo pathway, including YAP and TEADs, have been disclosed, but very few Hippo pathway activators are reported. Here, we discovered a new class of Hippo pathway activator, YL-602, which inhibited CTGF expression in cells irrespective of cell density and the presence of serum. Mechanistically, YL-602 activates the Hippo pathway via MST1/2, which is different from known activators of Hippo pathway. In vitro, YL-602 significantly induced tumor cell apoptosis and inhibited colony formation of tumor cells. In vivo, oral administration of YL-602 substantially suppressed the growth of cancer cells by activation of Hippo pathway. Overall, YL-602 could be a promising lead compound, and deserves further investigation for its mechanism of action and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifeng Lin
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Anjie Xia
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jingxin Qiao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Pei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qian Hu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiyu Xiang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Linli Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Shengyong Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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10
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Banerjee A, Mathew S, Naqvi MM, Yilmaz SZ, Zacharopoulou M, Doruker P, Kumita JR, Yang SH, Gur M, Itzhaki LS, Gordon R, Bahar I. Influence of point mutations on PR65 conformational adaptability: Insights from molecular simulations and nanoaperture optical tweezers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn2208. [PMID: 38820156 PMCID: PMC11141623 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn2208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
PR65 is the HEAT repeat scaffold subunit of the heterotrimeric protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and an archetypal tandem repeat protein. Its conformational mechanics plays a crucial role in PP2A function by opening/closing substrate binding/catalysis interface. Using in silico saturation mutagenesis, we identified PR65 "hinge" residues whose substitutions could alter its conformational adaptability and thereby PP2A function, and selected six mutations that were verified to be expressed and soluble. Molecular simulations and nanoaperture optical tweezers revealed consistent results on the specific effects of the mutations on the structure and dynamics of PR65. Two mutants observed in simulations to stabilize extended/open conformations exhibited higher corner frequencies and lower translational scattering in experiments, indicating a shift toward extended conformations, whereas another displayed the opposite features, confirmed by both simulations and experiments. The study highlights the power of single-molecule nanoaperture-based tweezers integrated with in silico approaches for exploring the effect of mutations on protein structure and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Banerjee
- Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Samuel Mathew
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Mohsin M. Naqvi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Sema Z. Yilmaz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34437 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Maria Zacharopoulou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Pemra Doruker
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Janet R. Kumita
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Shang-Hua Yang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Mert Gur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34437 Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Laura S. Itzhaki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Reuven Gordon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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11
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Pluteanu F, Glaser D, Massing F, Schulte JS, Kirchhefer U. Loss of protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit PPP2R5A is associated with increased incidence of stress-induced proarrhythmia. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1419597. [PMID: 38863902 PMCID: PMC11165201 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1419597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a serine/threonine-selective holoenzyme that controls Ca2+ homeostasis and contractility of the heart via dephosphorylation of regulatory proteins. In some genetically modified mouse models with increased arrhythmogenicity, a reduced expression of the regulatory subunit B56α of PP2A was found as a concomitant effect. Whether there is a general correlation between the abundance of B56α and the promotion of cardiac arrhythmogenesis remains unclear. Methods The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the role of PP2A-B56α in the propensity for arrhythmic activity in the heart. The experimental analysis of this question has been addressed by using a mouse model with deletion of the PP2A-B56α gene, PPP2R5A (KO), in comparison to wild-type animals (WT). Evidence for arrhythmogenicity was investigated in whole animal, isolated heart and cardiomyocytes by ECG, recording of monophasic action potential (MAP) induced by programmed electrical stimulation (PES), measurement of Ca2+ transients under increased pacing frequencies and determination of total K+ channel currents (I K). Results ECG measurements showed a prolongation of QT time in KO vs. WT. KO mice exhibited a higher rate of premature ventricular contractions in the ECG. MAP measurements in Langendorff-perfused KO hearts showed increased episodes of ventricular tachyarrhythmia induced by PES. However, the KO hearts showed values for MAP duration that were similar to those in WT hearts. In contrast, KO showed more myocardial cells with spontaneous arrhythmogenic Ca2+ transient events compared to WT. The whole-cell patch-clamp technique applied to ventricular cardiomyocytes revealed comparable peak potassium channel current densities between KO and WT. Conclusion These findings support the assumption that a decrease or even the loss of PP2A-B56α leads to an increased propensity of triggered arrhythmias. This could be based on the increased spontaneous Ca2+ tansients observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Pluteanu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dennis Glaser
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Fabian Massing
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan S. Schulte
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Uwe Kirchhefer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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12
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Tinsley SL, Shelley RA, Mall GK, Chianis ERD, Dhiman A, Baral G, Kothandaraman H, Thoma MC, Daniel CJ, Lanman NA, di Magliano MP, Narla G, Solorio L, Dykhuizen EC, Sears RC, Allen-Petersen BL. KRAS-mediated upregulation of CIP2A promotes suppression of PP2A-B56α to initiate pancreatic cancer development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.01.547283. [PMID: 38826439 PMCID: PMC11142131 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.01.547283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Oncogenic mutations in KRAS are present in approximately 95% of patients diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and are considered the initiating event of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) precursor lesions. While it is well established that KRAS mutations drive the activation of oncogenic kinase cascades during pancreatic oncogenesis, the effects of oncogenic KRAS signaling on regulation of phosphatases during this process is not fully appreciated. Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) has been implicated in suppressing KRAS-driven cellular transformation. However, low PP2A activity is observed in PDAC cells compared to non-transformed cells, suggesting that suppression of PP2A activity is an important step in the overall development of PDAC. In the current study, we demonstrate that KRASG12D induces the expression of both an endogenous inhibitor of PP2A activity, Cancerous Inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A), and the PP2A substrate, c-MYC. Consistent with these findings, KRASG12D sequestered the specific PP2A subunit responsible for c-MYC degradation, B56α, away from the active PP2A holoenzyme in a CIP2A-dependent manner. During PDAC initiation in vivo, knockout of B56α promoted KRASG12D tumorigenesis by accelerating acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) and the formation of PanIN lesions. The process of ADM was attenuated ex vivo in response to pharmacological re-activation of PP2A utilizing direct small molecule activators of PP2A (SMAPs). Together, our results suggest that suppression of PP2A-B56α through KRAS signaling can promote the MYC-driven initiation of pancreatic tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Tinsley
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Program (PULSe), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Rebecca A. Shelley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Gaganpreet K. Mall
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | | | - Alisha Dhiman
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Garima Baral
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Harish Kothandaraman
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Mary C. Thoma
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Colin J. Daniel
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Nadia Atallah Lanman
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Goutham Narla
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Luis Solorio
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Emily C. Dykhuizen
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Program (PULSe), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Rosalie C. Sears
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Brittany L. Allen-Petersen
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Program (PULSe), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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13
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Ando S, Tanaka K, Matsumoto M, Oyama Y, Tomabechi Y, Yamagata A, Shirouzu M, Nakagawa R, Okimoto N, Taiji M, Sato K, Ohama T. The luciferase-based in vivo protein-protein interaction assay revealed that CHK1 promotes PP2A and PME-1 interaction. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107277. [PMID: 38588804 PMCID: PMC11098961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is an essential serine/threonine protein phosphatase, and its dysfunction is involved in the onset of cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. PP2A functions as a trimeric holoenzyme whose composition is regulated by the methyl-esterification (methylation) of the PP2A catalytic subunit (PP2Ac). Protein phosphatase methylesterase-1 (PME-1) is the sole PP2Ac methylesterase, and the higher PME-1 expression is observed in various cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Apart from serving as a methylesterase, PME-1 acts as a PP2A inhibitory protein, binding directly to PP2Ac and suppressing its activity. The intricate function of PME-1 hinders drug development by targeting the PME-1/PP2Ac axis. This study applied the NanoBiT system, a bioluminescence-based protein interaction assay, to elucidate the molecular mechanism that modulates unknown PME-1/PP2Ac protein-protein interaction (PPI). Compound screening identified that the CHK1 inhibitors inhibited PME-1/PP2Ac association without affecting PP2Ac methylation levels. CHK1 directly phosphorylates PP2Ac to promote PME-1 association. Phospho-mass spectrometry identified multiple phospho-sites on PP2Ac, including the Thr219, that affect PME-1 interaction. An anti-phospho-Thr219 PP2Ac antibody was generated and showed that CHK1 regulates the phosphorylation levels of this site in cells. On the contrary, in vitro phosphatase assay showed that CHK1 is the substrate of PP2A, and PME-1 hindered PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation of CHK1. Our data provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms governing the PME-1/PP2Ac PPI and the triad relationship between PP2A, PME-1, and CHK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ando
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Keiko Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Maharu Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yuki Oyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yuri Tomabechi
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamagata
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mikako Shirouzu
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Reiko Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Cell-Free Protein Synthesis, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Noriaki Okimoto
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Osaka, Japan; Drug Discovery Molecular Simulation Platform Unit, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Taiji
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Osaka, Japan; Drug Discovery Molecular Simulation Platform Unit, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan; Research Institute for Cell Design Medical Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan; Research Institute for Cell Design Medical Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.
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14
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Qi Y, Li L, Wei Y, Ma F. PP2A as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer: Current insights and future perspectives. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116398. [PMID: 38458011 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has become the most prevalent malignancy worldwide; however, therapeutic efficacy is far from satisfactory. To alleviate the burden of this disease, it is imperative to discover novel mechanisms and treatment strategies. Protein phosphatase 2 A (PP2A) comprises a family of mammalian serine/threonine phosphatases that regulate many cellular processes. PP2A is dysregulated in several human diseases, including oncological pathologies, and plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of tumours. The role of PP2A as a tumour suppressor has been extensively studied, and its regulation can serve as a target for anticancer therapy. Recent studies have shown that PP2A is a tumour promotor. PP2A-mediated anticancer therapy may involve two opposing mechanisms: activation and inhibition. In general, the contradictory roles of PP2A should not be overlooked, and more work is needed to determine the molecular mechanism by which PP2A affects in tumours. In this review, the literature on the role of PP2A in tumours, especially in breast cancer, was analysed. This review describes relevant targets of breast cancer, such as cell cycle control, DNA damage responses, epidermal growth factor receptor, immune modulation and cell death resistance, which may lead to effective therapeutic strategies or influence drug development in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Qi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang District, Pan jia yuan nan Road 17, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lixi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang District, Pan jia yuan nan Road 17, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yuhan Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang District, Pan jia yuan nan Road 17, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang District, Pan jia yuan nan Road 17, Beijing 100021, China.
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15
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Avelar RA, Gupta R, Carvette G, da Veiga Leprevost F, Colina J, Teitel J, Nesvizhskii AI, O’Connor CM, Hatzoglou M, Shenolikar S, Arvan P, Narla G, DiFeo A. Integrated stress response plasticity governs normal cell adaptation to chronic stress via the PP2A-TFE3-ATF4 pathway. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4013396. [PMID: 38585734 PMCID: PMC10996823 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4013396/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) regulates cell fate during conditions of stress by leveraging the cell's capacity to endure sustainable and efficient adaptive stress responses. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity modulation has been shown to be successful in achieving both therapeutic efficacy and safety across various cancer models; however, the molecular mechanisms driving its selective antitumor effects remain unclear. Here, we show for the first time that ISR plasticity relies on PP2A activation to regulate drug response and dictate cellular fate under conditions of chronic stress. We demonstrate that genetic and chemical modulation of the PP2A leads to chronic proteolytic stress and triggers an ISR to dictate cell fate. More specifically, we uncovered that the PP2A-TFE3-ATF4 pathway governs ISR cell plasticity during endoplasmic reticular and cellular stress independent of the unfolded protein response. We further show that normal cells reprogram their genetic signatures to undergo ISR-mediated adaptation and homeostatic recovery thereby successfully avoiding toxicity following PP2A-mediated stress. Conversely, oncogenic specific cytotoxicity induced by chemical modulation of PP2A is achieved by activating chronic and irreversible ISR in cancer cells. Our findings propose that a differential response to chemical modulation of PP2A is determined by intrinsic ISR plasticity, providing a novel biological vulnerability to selectively induce cancer cell death and improve targeted therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita A. Avelar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Riya Gupta
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gracie Carvette
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Jose Colina
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jessica Teitel
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alexey I. Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Caitlin M. O’Connor
- Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Maria Hatzoglou
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Shirish Shenolikar
- Emeritus Professor, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Professor Emeritus, Duke University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Goutham Narla
- Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Analisa DiFeo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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16
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Tokugawa M, Inoue Y, Aoki H, Miyajima C, Ishiuchi K, Tsurumi K, Kujirai C, Morishita D, Matsuno M, Mizukami H, Ri M, Iida S, Makino T, Aoyama M, Hayashi H. Involvement of cardiac glycosides targeting Na/K-ATPase in their inhibitory effects on c-Myc expression via its transcription, translation and proteasomal degradation. J Biochem 2024; 175:253-263. [PMID: 37948630 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides (CGs) have been used for decades to treat heart failure and arrhythmic diseases. Recent non-clinical and epidemiological findings have suggested that CGs exhibit anti-tumor activities. Therefore, CGs may be repositioned as drugs for the treatment of cancer. A detailed understanding of the anti-cancer mechanisms of CGs is essential for their application to the treatment of targetable cancer types. To elucidate the factors associated with the anti-tumor effects of CGs, we performed transcriptome profiling on human multiple myeloma AMO1 cells treated with periplocin, one of the CGs. Periplocin significantly down-regulated the transcription of MYC (c-Myc), a well-established oncogene. Periplocin also suppressed c-Myc expression at the protein levels. This repression of c-Myc was also observed in several cell lines. To identify target proteins for the inhibition of c-Myc, we generated CG-resistant (C9) cells using a sustained treatment with digoxin. We confirmed that C9 cells acquired resistance to the inhibition of c-Myc expression and cell proliferation by CGs. Moreover, the sequencing of genomic DNA in C9 cells revealed the mutation of D128N in α1-Na/K-ATPase, indicating the target protein. These results suggest that CGs suppress c-Myc expression in cancer cells via α1-Na/K-ATPase, which provides further support for the anti-tumor activities of CGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneshige Tokugawa
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yasumichi Inoue
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Aoki
- Department of Pathobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Chiharu Miyajima
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Kan'ichiro Ishiuchi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Kento Tsurumi
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Chisane Kujirai
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Daisuke Morishita
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
- Chordia Therapeutics Inc., 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - Michiyo Matsuno
- Plant research section, The Kochi Prefectural Makino Botanical Garden, 4200-6 Godaiyama, Kochi 781-8125, Japan
| | - Hajime Mizukami
- Plant research section, The Kochi Prefectural Makino Botanical Garden, 4200-6 Godaiyama, Kochi 781-8125, Japan
| | - Masaki Ri
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Iida
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Makino
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Mineyoshi Aoyama
- Department of Pathobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hayashi
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
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17
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Zhou X, Xu Q, Li W, Dong N, Stomberski C, Narla G, Lin Z. Protein Phosphatase 2A Activation Promotes Heart Transplant Acceptance in Mice. Transplantation 2024; 108:e36-e48. [PMID: 38126420 PMCID: PMC10922415 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although heart transplantation is the definitive treatment for heart failure in eligible patients, both acute and chronic transplant rejection frequently occur. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity is critical in maintaining tissue and organ homeostasis. In this study, we evaluated the effect of a novel class of small molecule activators of PP2A (SMAPs) on allograft rejection in a mouse heterotopic heart transplantation model. METHODS Recipient mice were administered with DT-061 (a pharmaceutically optimized SMAP) or vehicle by oral gavage beginning 1 d after transplantation. Histological and immunofluorescence analyses were performed to examine allograft rejection. Regulatory T cells (Treg) from recipient spleens were subjected to flow cytometry and RNA sequencing analysis. Finally, the effect of DT-061 on smooth muscle cells (SMCs) migration and proliferation was assessed. RESULTS DT-061 treatment prolonged cardiac allograft survival. SMAPs effectively suppressed the inflammatory immune response while increasing Treg population in the allografts, findings corroborated by functional analysis of RNA sequencing data derived from Treg of treated splenic tissues. Importantly, SMAPs extended immunosuppressive agent cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4-Ig-induced cardiac transplantation tolerance and allograft survival. SMAPs also strongly mitigated cardiac allograft vasculopathy as evidenced by a marked reduction of neointimal hyperplasia and SMC proliferation. Finally, our in vitro studies implicate suppression of MEK/ERK pathways as a unifying mechanism for the effect of PP2A modulation in Treg and SMCs. CONCLUSIONS PP2A activation prevents cardiac rejection and prolongs allograft survival in a murine model. Our findings highlight the potential of PP2A activation in improving alloengraftment in heart transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianming Zhou
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wangzi Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Colin Stomberski
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Goutham Narla
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhiyong Lin
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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18
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Zhang L, Peng W, Wu J, Wei X, Rong N, Zhang G, Yang H, Ding X, Zhao B, Liu J. Pathogenicity and landscape of differential gene expression in mice orally infected with clinical coxsackievirus A6 (CA6). J Virol 2024; 98:e0135823. [PMID: 38226810 PMCID: PMC10878243 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01358-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is caused by more than 20 pathogenic enteroviruses belonging to the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Since the introduction of the enterovirus-71 (EV71) vaccine in 2016, the number of HFMD cases caused by EV71 has decreased. However, cases of infections caused by other enteroviruses, such as coxsackievirus A6 (CA6) and coxsackievirus A10, have been increasing accordingly. In this study, we used a clinical isolate of CA6 to establish an intragastric infection mouse model using 7-day-old mice to mimic the natural transmission route, by which we investigated the differential gene expression profiles associated with virus infection and pathogenicity. After intragastric infection, mice exhibited hind limb paralysis symptoms and weight loss, similar to those reported for EV71 infection in mice. The skeletal muscle was identified as the main site of virus replication, with a peak viral load reaching 2.31 × 107 copies/mg at 5 dpi and increased infiltration of inflammatory cells. RNA sequencing analysis identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after CA6 infection. DEGs in the blood, muscle, brain, spleen, and thymus were predominantly enriched in immune system responses, including pathways such as Toll-like receptor signaling and PI3K-Akt signaling. Our study has unveiled the genes involved in the host immune response during CA6 infection, thereby enhancing our comprehension of the pathological mechanism of HFMD.IMPORTANCEThis study holds great significance for the field of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). It not only delves into the disease's etiology, transmission pathways, and severe complications but also establishes a novel mouse model that mimics the natural coxsackievirus A6 infection process, providing a pivotal platform to delve deeper into virus replication and pathogenic mechanisms. Additionally, utilizing RNA-seq technology, it unveils the dynamic gene expression changes during infection, offering valuable leads for identifying novel therapeutic drug targets. This research has the potential to enhance our understanding of HFMD, offering fresh perspectives for disease prevention and treatment and positively impacting children's health worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Zhang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Models, Beijing, China
| | - Wanjun Peng
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Models, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Models, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Wei
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Models, Beijing, China
| | - Na Rong
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Models, Beijing, China
| | - Gengxin Zhang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Models, Beijing, China
| | - Hekai Yang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Models, Beijing, China
| | | | - Binbin Zhao
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Models, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangning Liu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Models, Beijing, China
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19
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Johnson H, Narayan S, Sharma AK. Altering phosphorylation in cancer through PP2A modifiers. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:11. [PMID: 38184584 PMCID: PMC10770906 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a serine/threonine phosphatase integral to the regulation of many cellular processes. Due to the deregulation of PP2A in cancer, many of these processes are turned toward promoting tumor progression. Considerable research has been undertaken to discover molecules capable of modulating PP2A activity in cancer. Because PP2A is capable of immense substrate specificity across many cellular processes, the therapeutic targeting of PP2A in cancer can be completed through either enzyme inhibitors or activators. PP2A modulators likewise tend to be effective in drug-resistant cancers and work synergistically with other known cancer therapeutics. In this review, we will discuss the patterns of PP2A deregulation in cancer, and its known downstream signaling pathways important for cancer regulation, along with many activators and inhibitors of PP2A known to inhibit cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Satya Narayan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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20
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Nagelli S, Westermarck J. CIP2A coordinates phosphosignaling, mitosis, and the DNA damage response. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:52-64. [PMID: 37793965 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Human cancers share requirements for phosphorylation-dependent signaling, mitotic hyperactivity, and survival after DNA damage. The oncoprotein CIP2A (cancerous inhibitor of PP2A) can coordinate all these cancer cell characteristics. In addition to controlling cancer cell phosphoproteomes via inhibition of protein phosphatase PP2A, CIP2A directly interacts with the DNA damage protein TopBP1 (topoisomerase II-binding protein 1). Consequently, CIP2A allows DNA-damaged cells to enter mitosis and is essential for mitotic cells that are defective in homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DNA repair (e.g., BRCA mutants). The CIP2A-TopBP1 complex is also important for clustering fragmented chromosomes at mitosis. Clinically, CIP2A is a disease driver for basal-like triple-negative breast cancer (BL-TNBC) and a promising cancer therapy target across many cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikar Nagelli
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine and FICANWest Cancer Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine and FICANWest Cancer Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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21
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Ji N, Chen Z, Wang Z, Sun W, Yuan Q, Zhang X, Jia X, Wu J, Jiang J, Song M, Xu T, Liu Y, Ma Q, Sun Z, Bao Y, Zhang M, Huang M. LincR-PPP2R5C Promotes Th2 Cell Differentiation Through PPP2R5C/PP2A by Forming an RNA-DNA Triplex in Allergic Asthma. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2024; 16:71-90. [PMID: 38262392 PMCID: PMC10823138 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2024.16.1.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The roles and mechanisms of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in T helper 2 (Th2) differentiation from allergic asthma are poorly understood. We aimed to explore a novel lncRNA, LincR-protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B' gamma (PPP2R5C), in Th2 differentiation in a mouse model of asthma. METHODS LincR-PPP2R5C from RNA-seq data of CD4+ T cells of asthma-like mice were validated and confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, northern blotting, nuclear and cytoplasmic separation, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Lentiviruses encoding LincR-PPP2R5C or shRNA were used to overexpress or silence LincR-PPP2R5C in CD4+ T cells. The interactions between LincR-PPP2R5C and PPP2R5C were explored with western blotting, chromatin isolation by RNA purification assay, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. An ovalbumin-induced acute asthma model in knockout (KO) mice (LincR-PPP2R5C KO, CD4 conditional LincR-PPP2R5C KO) was established to explore the roles of LincR-PPP2R5C in Th2 differentiation. RESULTS LncR-PPP2R5C was significantly higher in CD4+ T cells from asthmatic mice ex vivo and Th2 cells in vitro. The lentivirus encoding LincR-PPP2R5C suppressed Th1 differentiation; in contrast, the short hairpin RNA (shRNA) lentivirus decreased LincR-PPP2R5C and Th2 differentiation. Mechanistically, LincR-PPP2R5C deficiency suppressed the phosphatase activity of the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) holocomplex, resulting in a decline in Th2 differentiation. The formation of an RNA-DNA triplex between LincR-PPP2R5C and the PPP2R5C promoter enhanced PPP2R5C expression and activated PP2A. LincR-PPP2R5C KO and CD4 conditional KO decreased Th2 differentiation, airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammatory responses. CONCLUSIONS LincR-PPP2R5C regulated PPP2R5C expression and PP2A activity by forming an RNA-DNA triplex with the PPP2R5C promoter, leading to Th2 polarization in a mouse model of acute asthma. Our data presented the first definitive evidence of lncRNAs in the regulation of Th2 cells in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningfei Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongqi Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengxia Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xishan People's Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi Branch of Zhongda Hospital Affiliate to Southeast University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qi Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xijie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Jia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingxian Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meijuan Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiyun Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixiao Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanmin Bao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingshun Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drugs, NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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22
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Claes Z, Bollen M. A split-luciferase lysate-based approach to identify small-molecule modulators of phosphatase subunit interactions. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:1666-1679.e6. [PMID: 37625414 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
An emerging strategy for the therapeutic targeting of protein phosphatases involves the use of compounds that interfere with the binding of regulatory subunits or substrates. However, high-throughput screening strategies for such interfering molecules are scarce. Here, we report on the conversion of the NanoBiT split-luciferase system into a robust assay for the quantification of phosphatase subunit and substrate interactions in cell lysates. The assay is suitable to screen small-molecule libraries for interfering compounds. We designed and validated split-luciferase sensors for a broad range of PP1 and PP2A holoenzymes, including sensors that selectively report on weak interaction sites. To facilitate efficient hit triaging in large-scale screening campaigns, deselection procedures were developed to eliminate assay-interfering molecules with high fidelity. As a proof-of-principle, we successfully applied the split-luciferase screening tool to identify small-molecule disruptors of the interaction between the C-terminus of PP1β and the ankyrin-repeat domain of the myosin-phosphatase targeting subunit MYPT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zander Claes
- Laboratory of Biosignaling and Therapeutics, KU Leuven Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Bollen
- Laboratory of Biosignaling and Therapeutics, KU Leuven Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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23
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Bahar I, Banerjee A, Mathew S, Naqvi M, Yilmaz S, Zachoropoulou M, Doruker P, Kumita J, Yang SH, Gur M, Itzhaki L, Gordon R. Influence of Point Mutations on PR65 Conformational Adaptability: Insights from Nanoaperture Optical Tweezer Experiments and Molecular Simulations. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3599809. [PMID: 38014259 PMCID: PMC10680943 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3599809/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
PR65 is the HEAT-repeat scaffold subunit of the heterotrimeric protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and an archetypal tandem-repeat protein, forming a spring-like architecture. PR65 conformational mechanics play a crucial role in PP2A function by opening/closing the substrate-binding/catalysis interface. Using in-silico saturation mutagenesis we identified "hinge" residues of PR65, whose substitutions are predicted to restrict its conformational adaptability and thereby disrupt PP2A function. Molecular simulations revealed that a subset of hinge mutations stabilized the extended/open conformation, whereas another had the opposite effect. By trapping in nanoaperture optical tweezer, we characterized PR65 motion and showed that the former mutants exhibited higher corner frequencies and lower translational scattering, indicating a shift towards extended conformations, whereas the latter showed the opposite behavior. Thus, experiments confirm the conformations predicted computationally. The study highlights the utility of nanoaperture-based tweezers for exploring structure and dynamics, and the power of integrating this single-molecule method with in silico approaches.
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24
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Pillai M, Lafortune P, Dabo A, Yu H, Park SS, Taluru H, Ahmed H, Bobrow D, Sattar Z, Jundi B, Reece J, Ortega RR, Soto B, Yewedalsew S, Foronjy R, Wyman A, Geraghty P, Ohlmeyer M. Small-Molecule Activation of Protein Phosphatase 2A Counters Bleomycin-Induced Fibrosis in Mice. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1659-1672. [PMID: 37974628 PMCID: PMC10644462 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a serine-threonine phosphatase, is reduced in the lung fibroblasts of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients. The objective of this study was to determine whether the reactivation of PP2A could reduce fibrosis and preserve the pulmonary function in a bleomycin (BLM) mouse model. Here, we present a new class of direct small-molecule PP2A activators, diarylmethyl-pyran-sulfonamide, exemplified by ATUX-1215. ATUX-1215 has improved metabolic stability and bioavailability compared to our previously described PP2A activators. Primary human lung fibroblasts were exposed to ATUX-1215 and an older generation PP2A activator in combination with TGFβ. ATUX-1215 treatment enhanced the PP2A activity, reduced the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK, and reduced the TGFβ-induced expression of ACTA2, FN1, COL1A1, and COL3A1. C57BL/6J mice were administered 5 mg/kg ATUX-1215 daily following intratracheal instillation of BLM. Three weeks later, forced oscillation and expiratory measurements were performed using the Scireq Flexivent System. ATUX-1215 prevented BLM-induced lung physiology changes, including the preservation of normal PV loop, compliance, tissue elastance, and forced vital capacity. PP2A activity was enhanced with ATUX-1215 and reduced collagen deposition within the lungs. ATUX-1215 also prevented the BLM induction of Acta2, Ccn2, and Fn1 gene expression. Treatment with ATUX-1215 reduced the phosphorylation of ERK, p38, JNK, and Akt and the secretion of IL-12p70, GM-CSF, and IL1α in BLM-treated animals. Delayed treatment with ATUX-1215 was also observed to slow the progression of lung fibrosis. In conclusion, our study indicates that the decrease in PP2A activity, which occurs in fibroblasts from the lungs of IPF subjects, could be restored with ATUX-1215 administration as an antifibrotic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meshach Pillai
- Department
of Medicine, The State University of New
York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Pascale Lafortune
- Department
of Medicine, The State University of New
York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Abdoulaye Dabo
- Department
of Medicine, The State University of New
York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Howard Yu
- Department
of Medicine, The State University of New
York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Sangmi S. Park
- Department
of Cell Biology, The State University of
New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Harsha Taluru
- Department
of Medicine, The State University of New
York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Huma Ahmed
- Department
of Medicine, The State University of New
York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Dylan Bobrow
- Department
of Medicine, The State University of New
York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Zeeshan Sattar
- Department
of Medicine, The State University of New
York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Bakr Jundi
- Department
of Medicine, The State University of New
York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Joshua Reece
- Department
of Medicine, The State University of New
York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Romy Rodriguez Ortega
- Department
of Medicine, The State University of New
York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Brian Soto
- Department
of Medicine, The State University of New
York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Selome Yewedalsew
- Department
of Medicine, The State University of New
York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Robert Foronjy
- Department
of Medicine, The State University of New
York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Anne Wyman
- Department
of Medicine, The State University of New
York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Patrick Geraghty
- Department
of Medicine, The State University of New
York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
- Department
of Cell Biology, The State University of
New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
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25
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Liao R, Babatunde A, Qiu S, Harikumar H, Coon JJ, Overmyer KA, Hannun YA, Luberto C, Bresnick EH. A transcriptional network governing ceramide homeostasis establishes a cytokine-dependent developmental process. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7262. [PMID: 37945603 PMCID: PMC10636182 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42978-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional mechanisms controlling developmental processes establish and maintain proteomic networks, which can govern the levels of intracellular small molecules. Although dynamic changes in bioactive small molecules can link transcription factor and genome activity with cell state transitions, many mechanistic questions are unresolved. Using quantitative lipidomics and multiomics, we discover that the hematopoietic transcription factor GATA1 establishes ceramide homeostasis during erythroid differentiation by regulating genes encoding sphingolipid metabolic enzymes. Inhibiting a GATA1-induced sphingolipid biosynthetic enzyme, delta(4)-desaturase, or disrupting ceramide homeostasis with cell-permeable dihydroceramide or ceramide is detrimental to erythroid, but not myeloid, progenitor activity. Coupled with genetic editing-based rewiring of the regulatory circuitry, we demonstrate that ceramide homeostasis commissions vital stem cell factor and erythropoietin signaling by opposing an inhibitory protein phosphatase 2A-dependent, dual-component mechanism. Integrating bioactive lipids as essential components of GATA factor mechanisms to control cell state transitions has implications for diverse cell and tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Liao
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Abiola Babatunde
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Stephanie Qiu
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hamsini Harikumar
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Katherine A Overmyer
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine, Stony Book University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY, USA
| | - Chiara Luberto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Emery H Bresnick
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
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26
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Medda A, Compagnoni M, Spini G, Citro S, Croci O, Campaner S, Tagliabue M, Ansarin M, Chiocca S. c-MYC-dependent transcriptional inhibition of autophagy is implicated in cisplatin sensitivity in HPV-positive head and neck cancer. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:719. [PMID: 37925449 PMCID: PMC10625625 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06248-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is important for the removal, degradation and recycling of damaged organelles, proteins, and lipids through the degradative action of lysosomes. In addition to its catabolic function, autophagy is important in cancer and viral-mediated tumorigenesis, including Human Papillomavirus (HPV) positive cancers. HPV infection is a major risk factor in a subset of head and neck cancer (HNC), for which no targeted therapies are currently available. Herein, we assessed autophagy function in HPV-positive HNC. We showed that HPV-positive HNC cells presented a transcriptional and functional impairment of the autophagic process compared to HPV-negative cells, which were reactivated by knocking down HPV E6/E7 oncoproteins, the drivers of cellular transformation. We found that the oncoprotein c-MYC was stabilized and triggered in HPV-positive cell lines. This resulted in the reduced binding of the MiT/TFE transcription factors to their autophagy targets due to c-MYC competition. Thus, the knock-down of c-MYC induced the upregulation of autophagic and lysosomal genes in HPV-positive HNC cells, as well as the increase of autophagic markers at the protein level. Moreover, HPV oncoprotein E7 upregulated the expression of the phosphatase inhibitor CIP2A, accounting for c-MYC upregulation and stability in HPV+ HNC cells. CIP2A mRNA expression negatively correlated with autophagy gene expression in tumor tissues from HNC patients, showing, for the first time, its implication in a transcriptional autophagic context. Both CIP2A and c-MYC knock-down, as well as pharmacological downregulation of c-MYC, resulted in increased resistance to cisplatin treatment. Our results not only show a novel way by which HPV oncoproteins manipulate the host machinery but also provide more insights into the role of autophagy in chemoresistance, with possible implications for targeted HPV-positive HNC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Medda
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, IEO Campus, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Micaela Compagnoni
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, IEO Campus, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Spini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, IEO Campus, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Citro
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, IEO Campus, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Ottavio Croci
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT, CGS@SEMM (Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia at European School of Molecular Medicine), Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Campaner
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT, CGS@SEMM (Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia at European School of Molecular Medicine), Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Tagliabue
- Division of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Mohssen Ansarin
- Division of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Chiocca
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, IEO Campus, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.
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27
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Soto B, Ahmed H, Pillai M, Park SS, Ploszaj M, Reece J, Taluru H, Bobrow D, Yu H, Lafortune P, Jundi B, Costanzo L, Dabo AJ, Foronjy RF, Mueller C, Ohlmeyer M, Geraghty P. Evaluating Novel Protein Phosphatase 2A Activators as Therapeutics for Emphysema. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:533-544. [PMID: 37526463 PMCID: PMC10633843 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0105oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity of PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A), a serine-threonine phosphatase, is reduced by chronic cigarette smoke (SM) exposure and α-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency, and chemical activation of PP2A reduces the loss of lung function in SM-exposed mice. However, the previously studied PP2A-activator tricyclic sulfonamide compound DBK-1154 has low stability to oxidative metabolism, resulting in fast clearance and low systemic exposure. Here we compare the utility of a new more stable PP2A activator, ATUX-792, versus DBK-1154 for the treatment of SM-induced emphysema. ATUX-792 was also tested in human bronchial epithelial cells and a mouse model of AAT deficiency, Serpina1a-e-knockout mice. Human bronchial epithelial cells were treated with ATUX-792 or DBK-1154, and cell viability, PP2A activity, and MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinase phosphorylation status were examined. Wild-type mice received vehicle, DBK-1154, or ATUX-792 orally in the last 2 months of 4 months of SM exposure, and 8-month-old Serpina1a-e-knockout mice received ATUX-792 daily for 4 months. Forced oscillation and expiratory measurements and histology analysis were performed. Treatment with ATUX-792 or DBK-1154 resulted in PP2A activation, reduced MAP kinase phosphorylation, immune cell infiltration, reduced airspace enlargements, and preserved lung function. Using protein arrays and multiplex assays, PP2A activation was observed to reduce AAT-deficient and SM-induced release of CXCL5, CCL17, and CXCL16 into the airways, which coincided with reduced neutrophil lung infiltration. Our study indicates that suppression of the PP2A activity in two models of emphysema could be restored by next-generation PP2A activators to impact lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sangmi S Park
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Abdoulaye J Dabo
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Robert F Foronjy
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Christian Mueller
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Grafton, Massachusetts; and
| | | | - Patrick Geraghty
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
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28
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Herting JR, König JH, Hadova K, Heinick A, Müller FU, Pauls P, Seidl MD, Soppa C, Kirchhefer U. Hypercontractile cardiac phenotype in mice overexpressing the regulatory subunit PR72 of protein phosphatase 2A. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1239555. [PMID: 37868783 PMCID: PMC10590119 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1239555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The activity, localization, and substrate specificity of the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) heterotrimer are controlled by various regulatory B subunits. PR72 belongs to the B'' gene family and has been shown to be upregulated in human heart failure. However, little is known about the functions of PR72 in the myocardium. Methods To address this issue, we generated a transgenic mouse model with heart-specific overexpression of PP2A-PR72. Biochemical and physiological methods were used to determine contractility, Ca2+ cycling parameters, and protein phosphorylation. Results A 2.5-fold increase in PR72 expression resulted in moderate cardiac hypertrophy. Maximal ventricular pressure was increased in catheterized transgenic mice (TG) compared to wild-type (WT) littermates. This was accompanied by an increased shortening of sarcomere length and faster relaxation at the single-cell level in TG. In parallel with these findings, the peak amplitude of Ca2+ transients was increased, and the decay in intracellular Ca2+ levels was shortened in TG compared to WT. The changes in Ca2+ cycling in TG were also evident from an increase in the full duration and width at half maximum of Ca2+ sparks. Consistent with the contractile data, phosphorylation of phospholamban at threonine-17 was higher in TG hearts. The lower expression of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger may also contribute to the hypercontractile state in transgenic myocardium. Conclusion Our results suggest that PP2A-PR72 plays an important role in regulating cardiac contractile function and Ca2+ cycling, indicating that the upregulation of PR72 in heart failure is an attempt to compensate functionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius R. Herting
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jule H. König
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katarina Hadova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alexander Heinick
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank U. Müller
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Paul Pauls
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias D. Seidl
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Carolina Soppa
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Uwe Kirchhefer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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Doha ZO, Sears RC. Unraveling MYC's Role in Orchestrating Tumor Intrinsic and Tumor Microenvironment Interactions Driving Tumorigenesis and Drug Resistance. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2023; 30:400-419. [PMID: 37755397 PMCID: PMC10537413 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology30030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor MYC plays a pivotal role in regulating various cellular processes and has been implicated in tumorigenesis across multiple cancer types. MYC has emerged as a master regulator governing tumor intrinsic and tumor microenvironment interactions, supporting tumor progression and driving drug resistance. This review paper aims to provide an overview and discussion of the intricate mechanisms through which MYC influences tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance in cancer. We delve into the signaling pathways and molecular networks orchestrated by MYC in the context of tumor intrinsic characteristics, such as proliferation, replication stress and DNA repair. Furthermore, we explore the impact of MYC on the tumor microenvironment, including immune evasion, angiogenesis and cancer-associated fibroblast remodeling. Understanding MYC's multifaceted role in driving drug resistance and tumor progression is crucial for developing targeted therapies and combination treatments that may effectively combat this devastating disease. Through an analysis of the current literature, this review's goal is to shed light on the complexities of MYC-driven oncogenesis and its potential as a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinab O. Doha
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Taibah University, Al-Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rosalie C. Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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30
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Denisova OV, Merisaari J, Huhtaniemi R, Qiao X, Yetukuri L, Jumppanen M, Kaur A, Pääkkönen M, von Schantz‐Fant С, Ohlmeyer M, Wennerberg K, Kauko O, Koch R, Aittokallio T, Taipale M, Westermarck J. PP2A-based triple-strike therapy overcomes mitochondrial apoptosis resistance in brain cancer cells. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:1803-1820. [PMID: 37458534 PMCID: PMC10483611 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial glycolysis and hyperactivity of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B (AKT) pathway are hallmarks of malignant brain tumors. However, kinase inhibitors targeting AKT (AKTi) or the glycolysis master regulator pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDKi) have failed to provide clinical benefits for brain tumor patients. Here, we demonstrate that heterogeneous glioblastoma (GB) and medulloblastoma (MB) cell lines display only cytostatic responses to combined AKT and PDK targeting. Biochemically, the combined AKT and PDK inhibition resulted in the shutdown of both target pathways and priming to mitochondrial apoptosis but failed to induce apoptosis. In contrast, all tested brain tumor cell models were sensitive to a triplet therapy, in which AKT and PDK inhibition was combined with the pharmacological reactivation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) by NZ-8-061 (also known as DT-061), DBK-1154, and DBK-1160. We also provide proof-of-principle evidence for in vivo efficacy in the intracranial GB and MB models by the brain-penetrant triplet therapy (AKTi + PDKi + PP2A reactivator). Mechanistically, PP2A reactivation converted the cytostatic AKTi + PDKi response to cytotoxic apoptosis, through PP2A-elicited shutdown of compensatory mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and by increased proton leakage. These results encourage the development of triple-strike strategies targeting mitochondrial metabolism to overcome therapy tolerance in brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana V. Denisova
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityFinland
| | - Joni Merisaari
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityFinland
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuFinland
| | - Riikka Huhtaniemi
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityFinland
| | - Xi Qiao
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityFinland
| | - Laxman Yetukuri
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityFinland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
- Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology (OCBE)University of OsloNorway
| | - Mikael Jumppanen
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityFinland
| | - Amanpreet Kaur
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityFinland
| | - Mirva Pääkkönen
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityFinland
| | | | - Michael Ohlmeyer
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
- Atux Iskay LLCPlainsboroNJUSA
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
- Biotech Research & Innovation CentreUniversity of CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Otto Kauko
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityFinland
| | | | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
- Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology (OCBE)University of OsloNorway
- Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalNorway
| | - Mikko Taipale
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular ResearchUniversity of TorontoCanada
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityFinland
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuFinland
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31
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Peris I, Romero-Murillo S, Vicente C, Narla G, Odero MD. Regulation and role of the PP2A-B56 holoenzyme family in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188953. [PMID: 37437699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inactivation is common in cancer, leading to sustained activation of pro-survival and growth-promoting pathways. PP2A consists of a scaffolding A-subunit, a catalytic C-subunit, and a regulatory B-subunit. The functional complexity of PP2A holoenzymes arises mainly through the vast repertoire of regulatory B-subunits, which determine both their substrate specificity and their subcellular localization. Therefore, a major challenge for developing more effective therapeutic strategies for cancer is to identify the specific PP2A complexes to be targeted. Of note, the development of small molecules specifically directed at PP2A-B56α has opened new therapeutic avenues in both solid and hematological tumors. Here, we focus on the B56/PR61 family of PP2A regulatory subunits, which have a central role in directing PP2A tumor suppressor activity. We provide an overview of the mechanisms controlling the formation and regulation of these complexes, the pathways they control, and the mechanisms underlying their deregulation in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Peris
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Silvia Romero-Murillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Vicente
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Goutham Narla
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maria D Odero
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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32
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Rasool RU, O'Connor CM, Das CK, Alhusayan M, Verma BK, Islam S, Frohner IE, Deng Q, Mitchell-Velasquez E, Sangodkar J, Ahmed A, Linauer S, Mudrak I, Rainey J, Zawacki KP, Suhan TK, Callahan CG, Rebernick R, Natesan R, Siddiqui J, Sauter G, Thomas D, Wang S, Taylor DJ, Simon R, Cieslik M, Chinnaiyan AM, Busino L, Ogris E, Narla G, Asangani IA. Loss of LCMT1 and biased protein phosphatase 2A heterotrimerization drive prostate cancer progression and therapy resistance. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5253. [PMID: 37644036 PMCID: PMC10465527 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40760-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of the tumor suppressive activity of the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is associated with cancer, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. PP2A holoenzyme comprises a heterodimeric core, a scaffolding A subunit and a catalytic C subunit, and one of over 20 distinct substrate-directing regulatory B subunits. Methylation of the C subunit regulates PP2A heterotrimerization, affecting B subunit binding and substrate specificity. Here, we report that the leucine carboxy methyltransferase (LCMT1), which methylates the L309 residue of the C subunit, acts as a suppressor of androgen receptor (AR) addicted prostate cancer (PCa). Decreased methyl-PP2A-C levels in prostate tumors is associated with biochemical recurrence and metastasis. Silencing LCMT1 increases AR activity and promotes castration-resistant prostate cancer growth. LCMT1-dependent methyl-sensitive AB56αCme heterotrimers target AR and its critical coactivator MED1 for dephosphorylation, resulting in the eviction of the AR-MED1 complex from chromatin and loss of target gene expression. Mechanistically, LCMT1 is regulated by S6K1-mediated phosphorylation-induced degradation requiring the β-TRCP, leading to acquired resistance to anti-androgens. Finally, feedforward stabilization of LCMT1 by small molecule activator of phosphatase (SMAP) results in attenuation of AR-signaling and tumor growth inhibition in anti-androgen refractory PCa. These findings highlight methyl-PP2A-C as a prognostic marker and that the loss of LCMT1 is a major determinant in AR-addicted PCa, suggesting therapeutic potential for AR degraders or PP2A modulators in prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyaz Ur Rasool
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Caitlin M O'Connor
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Chandan Kanta Das
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mohammed Alhusayan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Brijesh Kumar Verma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sehbanul Islam
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ingrid E Frohner
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/2, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Qu Deng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Erick Mitchell-Velasquez
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jaya Sangodkar
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Aqila Ahmed
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sarah Linauer
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/2, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Ingrid Mudrak
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/2, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Jessica Rainey
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kaitlin P Zawacki
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Tahra K Suhan
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Catherine G Callahan
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ryan Rebernick
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ramakrishnan Natesan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Javed Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dafydd Thomas
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Pharmacology, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Derek J Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcin Cieslik
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Luca Busino
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Egon Ogris
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/2, Vienna, 1030, Austria.
| | - Goutham Narla
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Irfan A Asangani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Yu H, Zaveri S, Sattar Z, Schaible M, Perez Gandara B, Uddin A, McGarvey LR, Ohlmeyer M, Geraghty P. Protein Phosphatase 2A as a Therapeutic Target in Pulmonary Diseases. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1552. [PMID: 37763671 PMCID: PMC10535831 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
New disease targets and medicinal chemistry approaches are urgently needed to develop novel therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that reduced activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a complex heterotrimeric enzyme that regulates dephosphorylation of serine and threonine residues from many proteins, is observed in multiple pulmonary diseases, including lung cancer, smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, asthma, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Loss of PP2A responses is linked to many mechanisms associated with disease progressions, such as senescence, proliferation, inflammation, corticosteroid resistance, enhanced protease responses, and mRNA stability. Therefore, chemical restoration of PP2A may represent a novel treatment for these diseases. This review outlines the potential impact of reduced PP2A activity in pulmonary diseases, endogenous and exogenous inhibitors of PP2A, details the possible PP2A-dependent mechanisms observed in these conditions, and outlines potential therapeutic strategies for treatment. Substantial medicinal chemistry efforts are underway to develop therapeutics targeting PP2A activity. The development of specific activators of PP2A that selectively target PP2A holoenzymes could improve our understanding of the function of PP2A in pulmonary diseases. This may lead to the development of therapeutics for restoring normal PP2A responses within the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Yu
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Sahil Zaveri
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Zeeshan Sattar
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Michael Schaible
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Brais Perez Gandara
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Anwar Uddin
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Lucas R. McGarvey
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | | | - Patrick Geraghty
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
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Mondal I, Das O, Sun R, Gao J, Yu B, Diaz A, Behnan J, Dubey A, Meng Z, Eskandar E, Xu B, Lu RO, Ho WS. PP2Ac Deficiency Enhances Tumor Immunogenicity by Activating STING-Type I Interferon Signaling in Glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2023; 83:2527-2542. [PMID: 37219874 PMCID: PMC10525036 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an immunologically "cold" tumor that does not respond to current immunotherapy. Here, we demonstrate a fundamental role for the α-isoform of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase-2A (PP2Ac) in regulating glioma immunogenicity. Genetic ablation of PP2Ac in glioma cells enhanced double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) production and cGAS-type I IFN signaling, MHC-I expression, and tumor mutational burden. In coculture experiments, PP2Ac deficiency in glioma cells promoted dendritic cell (DC) cross-presentation and clonal expansion of CD8+ T cells. In vivo, PP2Ac depletion sensitized tumors to immune-checkpoint blockade and radiotherapy treatment. Single-cell analysis demonstrated that PP2Ac deficiency increased CD8+ T-cell, natural killer cell, and DC accumulation and reduced immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages. Furthermore, loss of PP2Ac increased IFN signaling in myeloid and tumor cells and reduced expression of a tumor gene signature associated with worse patient survival in The Cancer Genome Atlas. Collectively, this study establishes a novel role for PP2Ac in inhibiting dsDNA-cGAS-STING signaling to suppress antitumor immunity in glioma. SIGNIFICANCE PP2Ac deficiency promotes cGAS-STING signaling in glioma to induce a tumor-suppressive immune microenvironment, highlighting PP2Ac as a potential therapeutic target to enhance tumor immunogenicity and improve response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Mondal
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Oishika Das
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Raymond Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Bohyeon Yu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Diaz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jinan Behnan
- The Leo M. Davidoff Department of Neurological Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Dominick Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Abhishek Dubey
- The Leo M. Davidoff Department of Neurological Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Dominick Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Zhipeng Meng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Emad Eskandar
- The Leo M. Davidoff Department of Neurological Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Dominick Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Beisi Xu
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Rongze Olivia Lu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Winson S. Ho
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Dewey JA, Delalande C, Azizi SA, Lu V, Antonopoulos D, Babnigg G. Molecular Glue Discovery: Current and Future Approaches. J Med Chem 2023; 66:9278-9296. [PMID: 37437222 PMCID: PMC10805529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular interactions of biomolecules can be maneuvered to redirect signaling, reprogram the cell cycle, or decrease infectivity using only a few dozen atoms. Such "molecular glues," which can drive both novel and known interactions between protein partners, represent an enticing therapeutic strategy. Here, we review the methods and approaches that have led to the identification of small-molecule molecular glues. We first classify current FDA-approved molecular glues to facilitate the selection of discovery methods. We then survey two broad discovery method strategies, where we highlight the importance of factors such as experimental conditions, software packages, and genetic tools for success. We hope that this curation of methodologies for directed discovery will inspire diverse research efforts targeting a multitude of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Dewey
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Clémence Delalande
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Saara-Anne Azizi
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Vivian Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Dionysios Antonopoulos
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Gyorgy Babnigg
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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Jiang TY, Cui XW, Zeng TM, Pan YF, Lin YK, Feng XF, Tan YX, Yuan ZG, Dong LW, Wang HY. PTEN deficiency facilitates gemcitabine efficacy in cancer by modulating the phosphorylation of PP2Ac and DCK. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadd7464. [PMID: 37437018 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.add7464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog that has been successfully used in the treatment of multiple cancers. However, intrinsic or acquired resistance reduces the chemotherapeutic potential of gemcitabine. Here, we revealed a previously unappreciated mechanism by which phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), one of the most frequently mutated genes in human cancers, dominates the decision-making process that is central to the regulation of gemcitabine efficacy in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). By investigating a gemcitabine-treated CCA cohort, we found that PTEN deficiency was correlated with the improved efficacy of gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. Using cell-based drug sensitivity assays, cell line-derived xenograft, and patient-derived xenograft models, we further confirmed that PTEN deficiency or genetic-engineering down-regulation of PTEN facilitated gemcitabine efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, PTEN directly binds to and dephosphorylates the C terminus of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2Ac) to increase its enzymatic activity, which further dephosphorylates deoxycytidine kinase (DCK) at Ser74 to diminish gemcitabine efficacy. Therefore, PTEN deficiency and high phosphorylation of DCK predict a better response to gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in CCA. We speculate that the combination of PP2A inhibitor and gemcitabine in PTEN-positive tumors could avoid the resistance of gemcitabine, which would benefit a large population of patients with cancer receiving gemcitabine or other nucleoside analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yi Jiang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Cui
- National Center for Liver Cancer, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
- Department of Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Tian-Mei Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Yu-Fei Pan
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Yun-Kai Lin
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Feng
- National Center for Liver Cancer, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Ye-Xiong Tan
- National Center for Liver Cancer, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Zhen-Gang Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Li-Wei Dong
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Tumor Biology, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, the Naval Medical University and Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200438, China
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Jayappa KD, Tran B, Gordon VL, Morris C, Saha S, Farrington CC, O’Connor CM, Zawacki KP, Isaac KM, Kester M, Bender TP, Williams ME, Portell CA, Weber MJ, Narla G. PP2A modulation overcomes multidrug resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia via mPTP-dependent apoptosis. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e155938. [PMID: 37166997 PMCID: PMC10313372 DOI: 10.1172/jci155938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies such as venetoclax (VEN) (Bcl-2 inhibitor) have revolutionized the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We previously reported that persister CLL cells in treated patients overexpress multiple antiapoptotic proteins and display resistance to proapoptotic agents. Here, we demonstrated that multidrug-resistant CLL cells in vivo exhibited apoptosis restriction at a pre-mitochondrial level due to insufficient activation of the Bax and Bak (Bax/Bak) proteins. Co-immunoprecipitation analyses with selective BH domain antagonists revealed that the pleiotropic proapoptotic protein (Bim) was prevented from activating Bax/Bak by "switching" interactions to other upregulated antiapoptotic proteins (Mcl-1, Bcl-xL, Bcl-2). Hence, treatments that bypass Bax/Bak restriction are required to deplete these resistant cells in patients. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) contributes to oncogenesis and treatment resistance. We observed that small-molecule activator of PP2A (SMAP) induced cytotoxicity in multiple cancer cell lines and CLL samples, including multidrug-resistant leukemia and lymphoma cells. The SMAP (DT-061) activated apoptosis in multidrug-resistant CLL cells through induction of mitochondrial permeability transition pores, independent of Bax/Bak. DT-061 inhibited the growth of wild-type and Bax/Bak double-knockout, multidrug-resistant CLL cells in a xenograft mouse model. Collectively, we discovered multidrug-resistant CLL cells in patients and validated a pharmacologically tractable pathway to deplete this reservoir.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Animals
- Mice
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Protein Phosphatase 2/genetics
- Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Multiple
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Affiliation(s)
- Kallesh D. Jayappa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia (UVA) School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Brian Tran
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Vicki L. Gordon
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia (UVA) School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Christopher Morris
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia (UVA) School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Shekhar Saha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Caroline C. Farrington
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Caitlin M. O’Connor
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kaitlin P. Zawacki
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Krista M. Isaac
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UVA School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Mark Kester
- Department of Pharmacology, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UVA, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Timothy P. Bender
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia (UVA) School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Michael E. Williams
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UVA School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Cancer Center, UVA, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Craig A. Portell
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UVA School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Cancer Center, UVA, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Michael J. Weber
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia (UVA) School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Cancer Center, UVA, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Goutham Narla
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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van Pelt J, Meeusen B, Derua R, Guffens L, Van Cutsem E, Janssens V, Verslype C. Human pancreatic cancer patients with Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and an aggressive phenotype show a disturbed balance in Protein Phosphatase Type 2A expression and functionality. J Transl Med 2023; 21:317. [PMID: 37170215 PMCID: PMC10176933 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a low survival, its incidence is rising and little therapeutic improvements are expected in the near future. It has been observed that Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes (including in PDAC) to a more aggressive cancer phenotype. Additionally, largely unexplored, studies indicate a mechanistic interplay between Protein Phosphatase Type 2A (PP2A) enzymes and EMT that could offer treatment opportunities. The aim was to investigate the relation of a PP2A expression signature (encompassing all PP2A subunits, endogenous inhibitors and activators) with EMT and aggressive pancreatic cancer, and to discuss possible implications. METHODS We retrieved different PDAC expression datasets from NCBI to capture the variation in patients, and analyzed these using datamining, survival analysis, differential gene and protein expression. We determined genes highly associated with aggressive PDAC. For in vitro evaluation, Panc-1 cells were treated with the pharmacologic PP2A inhibitor Okadaic Acid (OA). Additionally, two OA-resistant Panc-1 clones were developed and characterized. RESULTS In patients, there is a strong correlation between EMT and aggressive PDAC, and between aggressive PDAC and PP2A, with a significant upregulation of PP2A inhibitor genes. Several PP2A genes significantly correlated with decreased survival. In vitro, short-term exposure to OA induced EMT in Panc-1 cells. This shift towards EMT was further pronounced in the OA-resistant Panc-1 clones, morphologically and by pathway analysis. Proteomic analysis and gene sequencing showed that the advanced OA-resistant model most resembles the clinical PDAC presentation (with EMT signature, and with several specific PP2A genes upregulated, and others downregulated). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated a strong association between EMT, altered PP2A expression and aggressive PDAC in patients. Also, in vitro, PP2A inhibition induces EMT. Overall, statistics suggests the mechanistic importance of PP2A dysregulation for PDAC progression. Translationally, our observations indicate that pharmacologic restoration of PP2A activity could be an attractive therapeutic strategy to block or reverse progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos van Pelt
- Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven, Geb. Onderwijs & Navorsing 4, Room 07.465, Herestraat 49, Bus 603, B3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- KU Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, B3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Bob Meeusen
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, O&N1, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Herestraat 49, Bus 901, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rita Derua
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, O&N1, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Herestraat 49, Bus 901, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
- SyBioMa (KU Leuven), Herestraat 49, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Guffens
- KU Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, O&N1, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Herestraat 49, Bus 901, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric Van Cutsem
- Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven, Geb. Onderwijs & Navorsing 4, Room 07.465, Herestraat 49, Bus 603, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Janssens
- KU Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, B3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, O&N1, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Herestraat 49, Bus 901, B3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Chris Verslype
- Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven, Geb. Onderwijs & Navorsing 4, Room 07.465, Herestraat 49, Bus 603, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
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Avelar RA, Armstrong AJ, Carvette G, Gupta R, Puleo N, Colina JA, Joseph P, Sobeck AM, O'Connor CM, Raines B, Gandhi A, Dziubinski ML, Ma DS, Resnick K, Singh S, Zanotti K, Nagel C, Waggoner S, Thomas DG, Skala SL, Zhang J, Narla G, DiFeo A. Small-Molecule-Mediated Stabilization of PP2A Modulates the Homologous Recombination Pathway and Potentiates DNA Damage-Induced Cell Death. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:599-615. [PMID: 36788429 PMCID: PMC10157366 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most common and lethal ovarian cancer subtype. PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have become the mainstay of HGSC-targeted therapy, given that these tumors are driven by a high degree of genomic instability (GI) and homologous recombination (HR) defects. Nonetheless, approximately 30% of patients initially respond to treatment, ultimately relapsing with resistant disease. Thus, despite recent advances in drug development and an increased understanding of genetic alterations driving HGSC progression, mortality has not declined, highlighting the need for novel therapies. Using a small-molecule activator of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A; SMAP-061), we investigated the mechanism by which PP2A stabilization induces apoptosis in patient-derived HGSC cells and xenograft (PDX) models alone or in combination with PARPi. We uncovered that PP2A genes essential for cellular transformation (B56α, B56γ, and PR72) and basal phosphatase activity (PP2A-A and -C) are heterozygously lost in the majority of HGSC. Moreover, loss of these PP2A genes correlates with worse overall patient survival. We show that SMAP-061-induced stabilization of PP2A inhibits the HR output by targeting RAD51, leading to chronic accumulation of DNA damage and ultimately apoptosis. Furthermore, combination of SMAP-061 and PARPi leads to enhanced apoptosis in both HR-proficient and HR-deficient HGSC cells and PDX models. Our studies identify PP2A as a novel regulator of HR and indicate PP2A modulators as a therapeutic therapy for HGSC. In summary, our findings further emphasize the potential of PP2A modulators to overcome PARPi insensitivity, given that targeting RAD51 presents benefits in overcoming PARPi resistance driven by BRCA1/2 mutation reversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita A. Avelar
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Gracie Carvette
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Riya Gupta
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Noah Puleo
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jose A. Colina
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Peronne Joseph
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alexander M. Sobeck
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Caitlin M. O'Connor
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Genetic Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Brynne Raines
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Genetic Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Agharnan Gandhi
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michele L. Dziubinski
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel S. Ma
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daffyd G. Thomas
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Junran Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Goutham Narla
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Genetic Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Analisa DiFeo
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Arribas RL, Viejo L, Bravo I, Martínez M, Ramos E, Romero A, García-Frutos EM, Janssens V, Montiel C, de Los Ríos C. C-glycosides analogues of the okadaic acid central fragment exert neuroprotection via restoration of PP2A-phosphatase activity: A rational design of potential drugs for Alzheimer's disease targeting tauopathies. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 251:115245. [PMID: 36905916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is an important Ser/Thr phosphatase that participates in the regulation of multiple cellular processes. This implies that any deficient activity of PP2A is the responsible of severe pathologies. For instance, one of the main histopathological features of Alzheimer's disease is neurofibrillary tangles, which are mainly comprised by hyperphosphorylated forms of tau protein. This altered rate of tau phosphorylation has been correlated with PP2A depression AD patients. With the goal of preventing PP2A inactivation in neurodegeneration scenarios, we have aimed to design, synthesize and evaluate new ligands of PP2A capable of preventing its inhibition. To achieve this goal, the new PP2A ligands present structural similarities with the central fragment C19-C27 of the well-established PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid (OA). Indeed, this central moiety of OA does not exert inhibitory actions. Hence, these compounds lack PP2A-inhibiting structural motifs but, in contrast, compete with PP2A inhibitors, thus recovering phosphatase activity. Proving this hypothesis, most compounds showed a good neuroprotective profile in neurodegeneration models related to PP2A impairment, highlighting derivative 10, named ITH12711, as the most promising one. This compound (1) restored in vitro and cellular PP2A catalytic activity, measured on a phospho-peptide substrate and by western-blot analyses, (2) proved good brain penetration measured by PAMPA, and (3) prevented LPS-induced memory impairment of mice in the object recognition test. Thus, the promising outcomes of the compound 10 validate our rational approach to design new PP2A-activating drugs based on OA central fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel L Arribas
- Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Lucía Viejo
- Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/ Diego de León, 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isaac Bravo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/ Diego de León, 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Minerva Martínez
- Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Ramos
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva M García-Frutos
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km.33,600, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Veerle Janssens
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, KU Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium; LBI (KU Leuven Brain Institute), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carmen Montiel
- Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristóbal de Los Ríos
- Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922, Alcorcón, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/ Diego de León, 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
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41
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Peris I, Romero-Murillo S, Martínez-Balsalobre E, Farrington CC, Arriazu E, Marcotegui N, Jiménez-Muñoz M, Alburquerque-Prieto C, Torres-López A, Fresquet V, Martínez-Climent JA, Mateos MC, Cayuela ML, Narla G, Odero MD, Vicente C. Activation of the PP2A-B56α heterocomplex synergizes with venetoclax therapies in AML through BCL2 and MCL1 modulation. Blood 2023; 141:1047-1059. [PMID: 36455198 PMCID: PMC10023731 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Venetoclax combination therapies are becoming the standard of care in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the therapeutic benefit of these drugs in older/unfit patients is limited to only a few months, highlighting the need for more effective therapies. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a tumor suppressor phosphatase with pleiotropic functions that becomes inactivated in ∼70% of AML cases. PP2A promotes cancer cell death by modulating the phosphorylation state in a variety of proteins along the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. We therefore hypothesized that pharmacological PP2A reactivation could increase BCL2 dependency in AML cells and, thus, potentiate venetoclax-induced cell death. Here, by using 3 structurally distinct PP2A-activating drugs, we show that PP2A reactivation synergistically enhances venetoclax activity in AML cell lines, primary cells, and xenograft models. Through the use of gene editing tools and pharmacological approaches, we demonstrate that the observed therapeutic synergy relies on PP2A complexes containing the B56α regulatory subunit, of which expression dictates response to the combination therapy. Mechanistically, PP2A reactivation enhances venetoclax-driven apoptosis through simultaneous inhibition of antiapoptotic BCL2 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling, with the latter decreasing MCL1 protein stability. Finally, PP2A targeting increases the efficacy of the clinically approved venetoclax and azacitidine combination in vitro, in primary cells, and in an AML patient-derived xenograft model. These preclinical results provide a scientific rationale for testing PP2A-activating drugs with venetoclax combinations in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Peris
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Silvia Romero-Murillo
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez-Balsalobre
- Cancer and Aging Group, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, Murcia, Spain
| | - Caroline C. Farrington
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Elena Arriazu
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Marcotegui
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Jiménez-Muñoz
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | - Vicente Fresquet
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A. Martínez-Climent
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria C. Mateos
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology Service, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria L. Cayuela
- Cancer and Aging Group, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, Murcia, Spain
| | - Goutham Narla
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Maria D. Odero
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Vicente
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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42
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Welsh SA, Gardini A. Genomic regulation of transcription and RNA processing by the multitasking Integrator complex. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:204-220. [PMID: 36180603 PMCID: PMC9974566 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In higher eukaryotes, fine-tuned activation of protein-coding genes and many non-coding RNAs pivots around the regulated activity of RNA polymerase II (Pol II). The Integrator complex is the only Pol II-associated large multiprotein complex that is metazoan specific, and has therefore been understudied for years. Integrator comprises at least 14 subunits, which are grouped into distinct functional modules. The phosphodiesterase activity of the core catalytic module is co-transcriptionally directed against several RNA species, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), U small nuclear RNAs (U snRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), enhancer RNAs and nascent pre-mRNAs. Processing of non-coding RNAs by Integrator is essential for their biogenesis, and at protein-coding genes, Integrator is a key modulator of Pol II promoter-proximal pausing and transcript elongation. Recent studies have identified an Integrator-specific serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) module, which targets Pol II and other components of the basal transcription machinery. In this Review, we discuss how the activity of Integrator regulates transcription, RNA processing, chromatin landscape and DNA repair. We also discuss the diverse roles of Integrator in development and tumorigenesis.
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43
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Xing J, Chen K, Gao S, Pousse M, Ying Y, Wang B, Chen L, Wang C, Wang L, Hu W, Lu Y, Gilson E, Ye J. Protein phosphatase 2A activators reverse age-related behavioral changes by targeting neural cell senescence. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13780. [PMID: 36644807 PMCID: PMC10014060 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of cellular senescence to the behavioral changes observed in the elderly remains elusive. Here, we observed that aging is associated with a decline in protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity in the brains of zebrafish and mice. Moreover, drugs activating PP2A reversed age-related behavioral changes. We developed a transgenic zebrafish model to decrease PP2A activity in the brain through knockout of the ppp2r2c gene encoding a regulatory subunit of PP2A. Mutant fish exhibited the behavioral phenotype observed in old animals and premature accumulation of neural cells positive for markers of cellular senescence, including senescence-associated β-galactosidase, elevated levels cdkn2a/b, cdkn1a, senescence-associated secretory phenotype gene expression, and an increased level of DNA damage signaling. The behavioral and cell senescence phenotypes were reversed in mutant fish through treatment with the senolytic ABT263 or diverse PP2A activators as well as through cdkn1a or tp53 gene ablation. Senomorphic function of PP2A activators was demonstrated in mouse primary neural cells with downregulated Ppp2r2c. We conclude that PP2A reduction leads to neural cell senescence thereby contributing to age-related behavioral changes and that PP2A activators have senotherapeutic properties against deleterious behavioral effects of brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xing
- Geriatric Department, Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,International Laboratory in Cancer, Aging and Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital/CNRS/Inserm/Côte d'Azur University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kehua Chen
- Geriatric Department, Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,International Laboratory in Cancer, Aging and Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital/CNRS/Inserm/Côte d'Azur University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuaiyun Gao
- Geriatric Department, Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,International Laboratory in Cancer, Aging and Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital/CNRS/Inserm/Côte d'Azur University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mélanie Pousse
- International Laboratory in Cancer, Aging and Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital/CNRS/Inserm/Côte d'Azur University, Shanghai, China.,IRCAN, Côte d'Azur University, CNRS, Inserm, Nice, France
| | - Yilin Ying
- Geriatric Department, Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,International Laboratory in Cancer, Aging and Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital/CNRS/Inserm/Côte d'Azur University, Shanghai, China.,IRCAN, Côte d'Azur University, CNRS, Inserm, Nice, France
| | - Bo Wang
- Geriatric Department, Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,International Laboratory in Cancer, Aging and Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital/CNRS/Inserm/Côte d'Azur University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianxiang Chen
- Geriatric Department, Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,International Laboratory in Cancer, Aging and Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital/CNRS/Inserm/Côte d'Azur University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuicui Wang
- Geriatric Department, Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,International Laboratory in Cancer, Aging and Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital/CNRS/Inserm/Côte d'Azur University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Geriatric Department, Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Hu
- Geriatric Department, Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Lu
- Geriatric Department, Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,International Laboratory in Cancer, Aging and Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital/CNRS/Inserm/Côte d'Azur University, Shanghai, China
| | - Eric Gilson
- International Laboratory in Cancer, Aging and Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital/CNRS/Inserm/Côte d'Azur University, Shanghai, China.,IRCAN, Côte d'Azur University, CNRS, Inserm, Nice, France.,Department of Genetics, CHU, Nice, France
| | - Jing Ye
- Geriatric Department, Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,International Laboratory in Cancer, Aging and Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital/CNRS/Inserm/Côte d'Azur University, Shanghai, China
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44
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Wang Z, Mačáková M, Bugai A, Kuznetsov SG, Hassinen A, Lenasi T, Potdar S, Friedel CC, Barborič M. P-TEFb promotes cell survival upon p53 activation by suppressing intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:1687-1706. [PMID: 36727434 PMCID: PMC9976905 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) is the crucial player in RNA polymerase II (Pol II) pause release that has emerged as a promising target in cancer. Because single-agent therapy may fail to deliver durable clinical response, targeting of P-TEFb shall benefit when deployed as a combination therapy. We screened a comprehensive oncology library and identified clinically relevant antimetabolites and Mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) inhibitors as top compounds eliciting p53-dependent death of colorectal cancer cells in synergy with selective inhibitors of P-TEFb. While the targeting of P-TEFb augments apoptosis by anti-metabolite 5-fluorouracil, it switches the fate of cancer cells by the non-genotoxic MDM2 inhibitor Nutlin-3a from cell-cycle arrest to apoptosis. Mechanistically, the fate switching is enabled by the induction of p53-dependent pro-apoptotic genes and repression of P-TEFb-dependent pro-survival genes of the PI3K-AKT signaling cascade, which stimulates caspase 9 and intrinsic apoptosis pathway in BAX/BAK-dependent manner. Finally, combination treatments trigger apoptosis of cancer cell spheroids. Together, co-targeting of P-TEFb and suppressors of intrinsic apoptosis could become a viable strategy to eliminate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Monika Mačáková
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Andrii Bugai
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Sergey G Kuznetsov
- High-Throughput Biomedicine Unit (HTB), Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Antti Hassinen
- High Content Imaging and Analysis Unit (HCA), Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Tina Lenasi
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Swapnil Potdar
- High-Throughput Biomedicine Unit (HTB), Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Caroline C Friedel
- Institute for Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Matjaž Barborič
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
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45
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Pavic K, Gupta N, Omella JD, Derua R, Aakula A, Huhtaniemi R, Määttä JA, Höfflin N, Okkeri J, Wang Z, Kauko O, Varjus R, Honkanen H, Abankwa D, Köhn M, Hytönen VP, Xu W, Nilsson J, Page R, Janssens V, Leitner A, Westermarck J. Structural mechanism for inhibition of PP2A-B56α and oncogenicity by CIP2A. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1143. [PMID: 36854761 PMCID: PMC9974998 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36693-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) heterotrimer PP2A-B56α is a human tumour suppressor. However, the molecular mechanisms inhibiting PP2A-B56α in cancer are poorly understood. Here, we report molecular level details and structural mechanisms of PP2A-B56α inhibition by an oncoprotein CIP2A. Upon direct binding to PP2A-B56α trimer, CIP2A displaces the PP2A-A subunit and thereby hijacks both the B56α, and the catalytic PP2Ac subunit to form a CIP2A-B56α-PP2Ac pseudotrimer. Further, CIP2A competes with B56α substrate binding by blocking the LxxIxE-motif substrate binding pocket on B56α. Relevant to oncogenic activity of CIP2A across human cancers, the N-terminal head domain-mediated interaction with B56α stabilizes CIP2A protein. Functionally, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated single amino acid mutagenesis of the head domain blunted MYC expression and MEK phosphorylation, and abrogated triple-negative breast cancer in vivo tumour growth. Collectively, we discover a unique multi-step hijack and mute protein complex regulation mechanism resulting in tumour suppressor PP2A-B56α inhibition. Further, the results unfold a structural determinant for the oncogenic activity of CIP2A, potentially facilitating therapeutic modulation of CIP2A in cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Pavic
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Nikhil Gupta
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Judit Domènech Omella
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rita Derua
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- SyBioMa, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna Aakula
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Riikka Huhtaniemi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha A Määttä
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland and Fimlab Laboratories, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nico Höfflin
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology III, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Juha Okkeri
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Zhizhi Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Otto Kauko
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Roosa Varjus
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Henrik Honkanen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Daniel Abankwa
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Maja Köhn
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology III, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland and Fimlab Laboratories, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Wenqing Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Veerle Janssens
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander Leitner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland.
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland.
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46
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Targeting protein phosphatases in cancer immunotherapy and autoimmune disorders. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:273-294. [PMID: 36693907 PMCID: PMC9872771 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00618-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatases act as key regulators of multiple important cellular processes and are attractive therapeutic targets for various diseases. Although extensive effort has been dedicated to phosphatase-targeted drug discovery, early expeditions for competitive phosphatase inhibitors were plagued by druggability issues, leading to the stigmatization of phosphatases as difficult targets. Despite challenges, persistent efforts have led to the identification of several drug-like, non-competitive modulators of some of these enzymes - including SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase and protein phosphatase 1 - reigniting interest in therapeutic targeting of phosphatases. Here, we discuss recent progress in phosphatase drug discovery, with emphasis on the development of selective modulators that exhibit biological activity. The roles and regulation of protein phosphatases in immune cells and their potential as powerful targets for immuno-oncology and autoimmunity indications are assessed.
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47
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Haanen TJ, O'Connor CM, Narla G. Biased holoenzyme assembly of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A): From cancer to small molecules. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102656. [PMID: 36328247 PMCID: PMC9707111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a family of serine threonine phosphatases responsible for regulating protein phosphorylation, thus opposing the activity of cellular kinases. PP2A is composed of a catalytic subunit (PP2A Cα/β) and scaffolding subunit (PP2A Aα/β) and various substrate-directing B regulatory subunits. PP2A biogenesis is regulated at multiple levels. For example, the sequestration of the free catalytic subunit during the process of biogenesis avoids promiscuous phosphatase activity. Posttranslational modifications of PP2A C direct PP2A heterotrimeric formation. Additionally, PP2A functions as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor, where attenuated PP2A enzymatic activity creates a permissive environment for oncogenic transformation. Recent work studying PP2A in cancer showed that its role in tumorigenesis is more nuanced, with some holoenzymes being tumor suppressive, while others are required for oncogenic transformation. In cancer biology, PP2A function is modulated through various mechanisms including the displacement of specific B regulatory subunits by DNA tumor viral antigens, by recurrent mutations, and through loss of carboxymethyl-sensitive heterotrimeric complexes. In aggregate, these alterations bias PP2A activity away from its tumor suppressive functions and toward oncogenic ones. From a therapeutic perspective, molecular glues and disruptors present opportunities for both the selective stabilization of tumor-suppressive holoenzymes and disruption of holoenzymes that are pro-oncogenic. Collectively, these approaches represent an attractive cancer therapy for a wide range of tumor types. This review will discuss the mechanisms by which PP2A holoenzyme formation is dysregulated in cancer and the current therapies that are aimed at biasing heterotrimer formation of PP2A for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrance J Haanen
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Caitlin M O'Connor
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Goutham Narla
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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48
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Rovers E, Liu L, Schapira M. ProxyBind: a Compendium of Binding Sites for Proximity-Induced Pharmacology. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:6163-6171. [PMID: 36420167 PMCID: PMC9674861 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Proximity-induced pharmacology (ProxPharm) is a novel paradigm in drug discovery where a small molecule brings two proteins in close proximity to elicit a signal, generally from one protein onto another. The potential of ProxPharm compounds as a new therapeutic modality is firmly established by proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) that bring an E3 ubiquitin ligase in proximity to a target protein to induce ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of the target. The concept can be expanded to induce other post-translational modifications via the recruitment of different types of protein-modifying enzymes. To survey the human proteome for opportunities in proximity pharmacology, we systematically mapped non-catalytic drug binding pockets on the structure of protein-modifying enzymes available from the Protein Databank. In addition to binding sites exploited by previously reported ProxPharm compounds, we identified putative ligandable non-catalytic pockets in 236 kinases, 45 phosphatases, 37 deubiquitinases, 14 methyltransferases, 11 acetyltransferases, 13 glycosyltransferases, 4 deacetylases, 7 demethylases and 2 glycosidases, including cavities occupied by chemical matter that may serve as starting points for future ProxPharm compounds. This systematic survey confirms that proximity pharmacology is a versatile modality with largely unexplored and promising potential and reveals novel opportunities to pharmacologically rewire molecular circuitries. All data is available from the ProxyBind database at https://polymorph.sgc.utoronto.ca/proxybind/index.php.
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49
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Donati G, Amati B. MYC and therapy resistance in cancer: risks and opportunities. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3828-3854. [PMID: 36214609 PMCID: PMC9627787 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The MYC transcription factor, encoded by the c-MYC proto-oncogene, is activated by growth-promoting signals, and is a key regulator of biosynthetic and metabolic pathways driving cell growth and proliferation. These same processes are deregulated in MYC-driven tumors, where they become critical for cancer cell proliferation and survival. As other oncogenic insults, overexpressed MYC induces a series of cellular stresses (metabolic, oxidative, replicative, etc.) collectively known as oncogenic stress, which impact not only on tumor progression, but also on the response to therapy, with profound, multifaceted consequences on clinical outcome. On one hand, recent evidence uncovered a widespread role for MYC in therapy resistance in multiple cancer types, with either standard chemotherapeutic or targeted regimens. Reciprocally, oncogenic MYC imparts a series of molecular and metabolic dependencies to cells, thus giving rise to cancer-specific vulnerabilities that may be exploited to obtain synthetic-lethal interactions with novel anticancer drugs. Here we will review the current knowledge on the links between MYC and therapeutic responses, and will discuss possible strategies to overcome resistance through new, targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Donati
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) – IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Bruno Amati
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) – IRCCSMilanItaly
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Teng M, Young DW, Tan Z. The Pursuit of Enzyme Activation: A Snapshot of the Gold Rush. J Med Chem 2022; 65:14289-14304. [PMID: 36265019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A range of enzymes drive human physiology, and their activities are tightly regulated through numerous signaling pathways. Depending on the context, these pathways may activate or inhibit an enzyme as a way to ensure proper execution of cellular functions. From a drug discovery and development perspective, pharmacological inhibition of enzymes has been a focus of interest, as many diseases are associated with the upregulation of enzyme function. On the other hand, however, pharmacological activation of enzymes such as kinases and phosphatases has been of increasing interest. In this review, we discuss seven case studies that highlight pharmacological activation strategy, describe the binding modes and pharmacology of the activators, and comment on how this on-demand activation strategy complements the commonly pursued inhibition strategy, thus jointly enabling bidirectional modulation of specific target of interest. Going forward, we expect activators to play important roles as chemical probes and drug leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Teng
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Damian W Young
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Zhi Tan
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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