1
|
Gong X, Wang Z, You J, Gao J, Chen K, Chu J, Sui X, Dang J, Liu X. Pyroptosis-associated genes and tumor immune response in endometrial cancer. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:433. [PMID: 39264524 PMCID: PMC11393226 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01315-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and progression of tumors are linked to the process of pyroptosis. However, the precise involvement of pyroptosis-associated genes (PRGs) in endometrial cancer (EC) remains uncertain. 29 PRGs were identified as being either up-regulated or down-regulated in EC. PRGs subgroup analysis demonstrated distinct survival outcomes and diverse responses to chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade therapy. A higher expression of GPX4 and NOD2, coupled with lower levels of CASP6, PRKACA, and NLRP2, were found to be significantly associated with higher overall survival (OS) rates (p < 0.05). Conversely, lower expression of NOD2 was linked to lower progression-free survival (p = 0.021) and advanced tumor stage(p = 0.0024). NOD2, NLRP2, and TNM stages were identified as independent prognostic factors (p < 0.001). The LASSO prognostic model exhibited a notable decrease in OS among EC patients in the high-risk score group (ROC-AUC10-years: 0.799, p = 0.00644). Furthermore, NOD2 displayed a positive correlation with the infiltration of immune cells and the expression of immune checkpoints (p < 0.001). GPX4 and CASP6 are significantly associated with TMB and MSI (RTMB = 0.39; RMSI = 0.23). Additionally, a substantial upregulation of NOD2 was confirmed in both EC cells and tissue, indicating a positive relationship between advanced TNM stage (p < 0.0001) and infiltration of M1 phenotype macrophages. Nonetheless, its impact on patient OS did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.141). Our findings have contributed to the advancement of a prognostic model for EC patients. NOD2 receptor-mediated pyroptosis mechanism potentially regulates tumor immunity and promotes the transformation of macrophages from the M2 phenotype to the M1 phenotype, which significantly impacts the progression of EC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Gong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Zhifeng Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jiahao You
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jinghai Gao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jing Chu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xiaoxin Sui
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jianhong Dang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dou R, Liu R, Su P, Yu X, Xu Y. The GJB3 correlates with the prognosis, immune cell infiltration, and therapeutic responses in lung adenocarcinoma. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20240974. [PMID: 39135979 PMCID: PMC11317640 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-0974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Gap junction protein beta 3 (GJB3) has been reported as a tumor suppressor in most tumors. However, its role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of GJB3 in the prognosis and tumor microenvironment of LUAD patients. The data used in this study were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus, and imvigor210 cohorts. We found that GJB3 expression was increased in LUAD patients and correlated with LUAD stages. LUAD patients with high GJB3 expression exhibited a worse prognosis. A total of 164 pathways were significantly activated in the GJB3 high group. GJB3 expression was positively associated with nine transcription factors and might be negatively regulated by hsa-miR-6511b-5p. Finally, we found that immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint expression were different between the GJB3 high and GJB3 low groups. In summary. GJB3 demonstrated high expression levels in LUAD patients, and those with elevated GJB3 expression displayed unfavorable prognoses. Additionally, there was a correlation between GJB3 and immune cell infiltration, as well as immune checkpoint expression in LUAD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruigang Dou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xingtai Medical College,
Xingtai054000, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Rongfeng Liu
- Department of Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University,
Shijiazhuang050011, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Peng Su
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University,
Shijiazhuang050011, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tangshan Normal University,
Tangshan050011, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Yanzhao Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang050011, Hebei, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Szuman M, Kaczmarek-Ryś M, Hryhorowicz S, Kryszczyńska A, Grot N, Pławski A. Low-Penetrance Susceptibility Variants in Colorectal Cancer-Current Outlook in the Field. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8338. [PMID: 39125905 PMCID: PMC11313073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent and mortality-causing neoplasia, with various distributions between populations. Strong hereditary predispositions are the causatives of a small percentage of CRC, and most cases have no transparent genetic background. This is a vast arena for exploring cancer low-susceptibility genetic variants. Nonetheless, the research that has been conducted to date has failed to deliver consistent conclusions and often features conflicting messages, causing chaos in this field. Therefore, we decided to organize the existing knowledge on this topic. We screened the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. We drew up markers by gene locus gathered by hallmark: oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, genes involved in DNA damage repair, genes involved in metabolic pathways, genes involved in methylation, genes that modify the colonic microenvironment, and genes involved in the immune response. Low-penetration genetic variants increasing the risk of cancer are often population-specific, hence the urgent need for large-scale testing. Such endeavors can be successful only when financial decision-makers are united with social educators, medical specialists, genetic consultants, and the scientific community. Countries' policies should prioritize research on this subject regardless of cost because it is the best investment. In this review, we listed potential low-penetrance CRC susceptibility alleles whose role remains to be established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Szuman
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.-R.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Marta Kaczmarek-Ryś
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.-R.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (N.G.)
- University Clinical Hospital, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - Szymon Hryhorowicz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.-R.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Alicja Kryszczyńska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.-R.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Natalia Grot
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.-R.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Andrzej Pławski
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.-R.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (N.G.)
- Department of General and Endocrine Surgery and Gastroenterological Oncology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jeong IH, Yun JK, Jin JO, Hong JH, Lee JY, Lee GD, Lee PCW. E3 ligase SOCS3 regulates NOD2 expression by ubiquitin proteasome system in lung cancer progression. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:819-832. [PMID: 37910276 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00896-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths, it remains hard to discover effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Moreover, the five-year survival rate is relatively lower than other tumors. So urgent needs for finding a new theranostic target to treat lung cancer effectively. This study aims to present SOCS3 and NOD2 proteins as novel targets for diagnosis and therapy. METHODS We first confirmed SOCS3 expression level in patients' tissues. Then, we applied knockdown and overexpression of SOCS3 on lung cancer cell lines and performed proliferation, migration, and invasion assay. After that, we found NOD2 is a target of SOCS3 and introduced overexpression of NOD2 to A549 for verifying reduced tumorigenicity of lung cancer cells. RESULTS We identified protein expression level of SOCS3 was frequently higher in tumor tissues than adjacent normal tissues. Truly, overexpression of SOCS3 promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion capacity of lung cancer cells. We found that SOCS3 interacts with NOD2 and SOCS3 ubiquitinates NOD2 directly. Furthermore, lung cancer tissues with higher SOCS3 expression showed lower NOD2 expression. We confirmed overexpression of NOD2 leads to suppressed tumorigenicity of lung cancer cells, and these effects occurred through MAPK pathway. CONCLUSION Collectively, our work reveals novel roles of SOCS3 in lung tumorigenesis and proposes SOCS3 as a promising biomarker candidate for therapeutic and diagnostic target for lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In-Ho Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Yun
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Department of Microbiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University, Seoul, 06591, Korea.
| | - Geun Dong Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
- Lung Cancer Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
| | - Peter Chang-Whan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
- Lung Cancer Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kong L, Cao Y, He Y, Zhang Y. Role and molecular mechanism of NOD2 in chronic non-communicable diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:787-799. [PMID: 38740600 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2), located in the cell cytoplasm, is a pattern recognition receptor belonging to the innate immune receptor family. It mediates the innate immune response by identifying conserved sequences in bacterial peptide glycans and plays an essential role in maintaining immune system homeostasis. Gene mutations of NOD2 lead to the development of autoimmune diseases such as Crohn's disease and Blau syndrome. Recently, NOD2 has been shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of diabetes, cardiac-cerebral diseases, and cancers. However, the function of NOD2 in these non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) is not well summarized in reviews. Our report mainly discusses the primary function and molecular mechanism of NOD2 as well as its potential clinical significance in CNCDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Weiqi Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Weiqi Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan He
- Gamma Knife Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Weiqi Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lyu L, Min R, Zheng F, Xiang W, Huang T, Feng Y, Zhang C, Yuan J. Prognostic value of inflammation and immune-related gene NOD2 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Hum Cell 2024; 37:782-800. [PMID: 38509270 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation and immune responses play important roles in cancer development and prognosis. We identified 59 upregulated inflammation- and immune-related genes (IIRGs) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Among the upregulated IIRGs, nucleotide binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2), PYD and CARD domain (PYCARD) were also confirmed to be upregulated in the Oncomine database and in three independent GEO data sets. Tumor immune infiltration resource database analysis revealed that NOD2 and PYCARD levels were significantly positively correlated with infiltration levels of B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells. Multivariate Cox hazards regression analysis indicated that based on clinical variables (age, gender, tumor grade, pathological TNM stage), NOD2, but not PYCARD, was an independent, unfavorable ccRCC prognostic biomarker. Functional enrichment analyses (GSEA) showed that NOD2 was involved in innate immune responses, inflammatory responses, and regulation of cytokine secretion. Meanwhile, mRNA and protein levels of NOD2 were elevated in four ccRCC cell lines (786-O, ACHN, A498 and Caki-1), and its knockdown significantly inhibited IL-8 secretion, thereby inhibiting ccRCC cell proliferation and invasion. Furthermore, results showed that miR-20b-5p targeted NOD2 to alleviate NOD2-mediated IL-8 secretion. In conclusion, NOD2 is a potential prognostic biomarker for ccRCC and the miR-20b-5p/NOD2/IL-8 axis may regulate inflammation- and immune-mediated tumorigenesis in ccRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lyu
- Department of Urology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital (Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Wuhan), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Min
- Department of Urology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital (Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Wuhan), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuxin Zheng
- Department of Urology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital (Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Wuhan), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Urology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital (Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Wuhan), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Urology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital (Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Wuhan), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of PathologyWuhan No.1 Hospital (Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Wuhan), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanhua Zhang
- Department of Urology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital (Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Wuhan), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingdong Yuan
- Department of Urology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital (Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Wuhan), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pei J, Gao Y, Wu A. An inflammation-related subtype classification for analyzing tumor microenvironment and clinical prognosis in colorectal cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369726. [PMID: 38742117 PMCID: PMC11089903 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The inflammatory response plays an essential role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of colorectal cancer (CRC) by modulating tumor growth, progression, and response to therapy through the recruitment of immune cells, production of cytokines, and activation of signaling pathways. However, the molecular subtypes and risk score prognostic model based on inflammatory response remain to be further explored. Methods Inflammation-related genes were collected from the molecular signature database and molecular subtypes were identified using nonnegative matrix factorization based on the TCGA cohort. We compared the clinicopathological features, immune infiltration, somatic mutation profile, survival prognosis, and drug sensitivity between the subtypes. The risk score model was developed using LASSO and multivariate Cox regression in the TCGA cohort. The above results were independently validated in the GEO cohort. Moreover, we explored the biological functions of the hub gene, receptor interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2), leveraging proteomics data, in vivo, and in vitro experiments. Results We identified two inflammation-related subtypes (inflammation-low and inflammation-high) and have excellent internal consistency and stability. Inflammation-high subtype showed higher immune cell infiltration and increased sensitivity to common chemotherapeutic drugs, while inflammation-low subtype may be more suitable for immunotherapy. Besides, the two subtypes differ significantly in pathway enrichment and biological functions. In addition, the 11-gene signature prognostic model constructed from inflammation-related genes showed strong prognostic assessment power and could serve as a novel prognostic marker to predict the survival of CRC patients. Finally, RIPK2 plays a crucial role in promoting malignant proliferation of CRC cell validated by experiment. Conclusions This study provides new insights into the heterogeneity of CRC and provides novel opportunities for treatment development and clinical decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aiwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Unit III, Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kawai T, Ikegawa M, Ori D, Akira S. Decoding Toll-like receptors: Recent insights and perspectives in innate immunity. Immunity 2024; 57:649-673. [PMID: 38599164 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an evolutionarily conserved family in the innate immune system and are the first line of host defense against microbial pathogens by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). TLRs, categorized into cell surface and endosomal subfamilies, recognize diverse PAMPs, and structural elucidation of TLRs and PAMP complexes has revealed their intricate mechanisms. TLRs activate common and specific signaling pathways to shape immune responses. Recent studies have shown the importance of post-transcriptional regulation in TLR-mediated inflammatory responses. Despite their protective functions, aberrant responses of TLRs contribute to inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Understanding the delicate balance between TLR activation and regulatory mechanisms is crucial for deciphering their dual role in immune defense and disease pathogenesis. This review provides an overview of recent insights into the history of TLR discovery, elucidation of TLR ligands and signaling pathways, and their relevance to various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kawai
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara 630-0192, Japan; Life Science Collaboration Center (LiSCo), Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Moe Ikegawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ori
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DSS (CAMaD), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kayali S, Fantasia S, Gaiani F, Cavallaro LG, de'Angelis GL, Laghi L. NOD2 and Crohn's Disease Clinical Practice: From Epidemiology to Diagnosis and Therapy, Rewired. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024:izae075. [PMID: 38582044 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izae075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with a multifactorial pathogenesis involving environmental and genetic factors. Since the late 20th century, the discovery of the first susceptibility gene (NOD2, previously referred to as CARD15) for CD has paved the way for further investigations into the correlations between clinical features and genetics, and its potential impact on clinical practice has fueled the research in the last 2 decades. Recent therapeutic advancements involving novel biologic drugs and small molecules have shifted inflammatory bowel disease management from a disease-centered to a patient-centric approach. To date, the role of NOD2 has not been fully understood yet. Recent data suggest that its clinical impact may be greater than currently recognized. This review overviews the most common NOD2 variants' role in real-life clinical practice. These genetic variants increase the risk of developing the disease and can aid in tailoring diagnosis and treatment. They are associated with the stricturing phenotype and ileal involvement and increase the risk of steroid refractoriness. In the meantime, limited and inconclusive evidence exists regarding their predictive role in response to azathioprine, biologic drugs, and small molecules. Eventually, their role in increasing the risk for surgery is evident, especially in those with the L1007fs variant. If further trials will support the initial evidence reported so far, NOD2 genetic variants will emerge as possible candidates for developing precision medicine in CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Kayali
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Fantasia
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Federica Gaiani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Luigi Laghi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Rozzano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hu A, Sun L, Lin H, Liao Y, Yang H, Mao Y. Harnessing innate immune pathways for therapeutic advancement in cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:68. [PMID: 38523155 PMCID: PMC10961329 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01765-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The innate immune pathway is receiving increasing attention in cancer therapy. This pathway is ubiquitous across various cell types, not only in innate immune cells but also in adaptive immune cells, tumor cells, and stromal cells. Agonists targeting the innate immune pathway have shown profound changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and improved tumor prognosis in preclinical studies. However, to date, the clinical success of drugs targeting the innate immune pathway remains limited. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that activation of the innate immune pathway can paradoxically promote tumor progression. The uncertainty surrounding the therapeutic effectiveness of targeted drugs for the innate immune pathway is a critical issue that needs immediate investigation. In this review, we observe that the role of the innate immune pathway demonstrates heterogeneity, linked to the tumor development stage, pathway status, and specific cell types. We propose that within the TME, the innate immune pathway exhibits multidimensional diversity. This diversity is fundamentally rooted in cellular heterogeneity and is manifested as a variety of signaling networks. The pro-tumor effect of innate immune pathway activation essentially reflects the suppression of classical pathways and the activation of potential pro-tumor alternative pathways. Refining our understanding of the tumor's innate immune pathway network and employing appropriate targeting strategies can enhance our ability to harness the anti-tumor potential of the innate immune pathway and ultimately bridge the gap from preclinical to clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuheng Liao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), and Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine (Ministry of Education), and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Okai N, Masuta Y, Otsuka Y, Hara A, Masaki S, Kamata K, Minaga K, Honjo H, Kudo M, Watanabe T. Crosstalk between NOD2 and TLR2 suppresses the development of TLR2-mediated experimental colitis. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2024; 74:146-153. [PMID: 38510686 PMCID: PMC10948350 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.23-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) is an intracellular sensor for muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a degradation product of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan (PGN). PGN stimulates cell-surface Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) independently of NOD2, indicating the presence of crosstalk between extracellular TLR2 and intracellular NOD2 upon exposure to PGN. NOD2-deficient mice were sensitive, while TLR2-deficient mice were resistant to experimental colitis induced by intrarectal administration of PGN. Severe colitis in NOD2-deficient mice was accompanied by increased expression of nuclear factor-kappa B-dependent cytokines and decreased expression of autophagy-related 16-like 1 (ATG16L1). MDP activation of NOD2 enhanced autophagy mediated by TLR2 in human dendritic cells. mRNA expression of TLR2 tended to be higher in the colonic mucosa of patients with active ulcerative colitis compared to that of those in remission. Induction of remission was associated with increased mRNA expression of ATG16L1 in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease patients. Conversely, mRNA expression of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 was higher in the inflammatory colonic mucosa of patients with active disease than in the non-inflamed mucosa of patients in remission, in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. These findings highlight the role of NOD2-TLR2 crosstalk in the immunopathogenesis of colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Okai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Masuta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yasuo Otsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Akane Hara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Sho Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Ken Kamata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Kosuke Minaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Hajime Honjo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xiao X, Wu X, Yi L, You F, Li X, Xiao C. Causal linkage between type 2 diabetes mellitus and inflammatory bowel disease: an integrated Mendelian randomization study and bioinformatics analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1275699. [PMID: 38313367 PMCID: PMC10836595 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1275699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies have indicated associations between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and both colorectal cancer (CRC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the underlying causality and biological mechanisms between these associations remains unclear. Methods We conducted a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis employing summary statistics from genome-wide association studies involving European individuals. The inverse variance weighting (IVW) method was the primary method used to assess causality. Additionally, we applied MR Egger, Weighted median, Simple mode, and Weighted mode to evaluate the robustness of the results. Outliers were identified and eliminated using the MR-PRESSO, while the MR-Egger intercept was used to assess the horizontal pleiotropic effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The heterogeneity was evaluated using the Cochrane Q test, and sensitivity analysis was performed using leave-one-out method. The F statistic was calculated to evaluate weak instrumental variable bias. Finally, a pilot bioinformatics analysis was conducted to explore the underlying biological mechanisms between T2DM and IBD/UC. Results The IVW results demonstrated that T2DM significantly reduced risks of IBD (OR=0.885, 95% CI: 0.818-0.958, P=0.002) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (OR=0.887, 95% CI: 0.812-0.968, P=0.007). Although the 95% CIs of MR Egger, Weighted median, Simple mode, and Weighted mode were broad, the majority of their estimates were consistent with the direction of IVW. Despite significant heterogeneity among SNPs, no horizontal pleiotropy was observed. The leave-one-out analysis showed that the causality remained consistent after each SNP was removed, underscoring the reliability of the results. Reverse MR analysis indicated that genetic susceptibility to both CRC and IBD had no significant effect on the relative risk of T2DM. Ten hub genes were identified, which mainly enriched in pathways including maturity onset diabetes of the young, thyroid cancer, gastric acid secretion, longevity regulating pathway, melanogenesis, and pancreatic secretion. Conclusion The presence of T2DM does not increase the risk of CRC or IBD. Moreover, T2DM might reduce risk of IBD, including UC. Conversely, the occurrence of CRC or IBD does not influence the risk of T2DM. The association between T2DM and IBD/UC may be related to the changes in multiple metabolic pathways and CTLA-4-mediated immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiao
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuanyu Wu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Yi
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengming You
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Cancer Institute, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueke Li
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chong Xiao
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Cancer Institute, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mukherjee T, Kumar N, Chawla M, Philpott DJ, Basak S. The NF-κB signaling system in the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadh1641. [PMID: 38194476 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adh1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic, chronic condition characterized by episodes of inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. The nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) system describes a family of dimeric transcription factors. Canonical NF-κB signaling is stimulated by and enhances inflammation, whereas noncanonical NF-κB signaling contributes to immune organogenesis. Dysregulation of NF-κB factors drives various inflammatory pathologies, including IBD. Signals from many immune sensors activate NF-κB subunits in the intestine, which maintain an equilibrium between local microbiota and host responses. Genetic association studies of patients with IBD and preclinical mouse models confirm the importance of the NF-κB system in host defense in the gut. Other studies have investigated the roles of these factors in intestinal barrier function and in inflammatory gut pathologies associated with IBD. NF-κB signaling modulates innate and adaptive immune responses and the production of immunoregulatory proteins, anti-inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, and other tolerogenic factors in the intestine. Furthermore, genetic studies have revealed critical cell type-specific roles for NF-κB proteins in intestinal immune homeostasis, inflammation, and restitution that contribute to the etiopathology of IBD-associated manifestations. Here, we summarize our knowledge of the roles of these NF-κB pathways, which are activated in different intestinal cell types by specific ligands, and their cross-talk, in fueling aberrant intestinal inflammation. We argue that an in-depth understanding of aberrant immune signaling mechanisms may hold the key to identifying predictive or prognostic biomarkers and developing better therapeutics against inflammatory gut pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Mukherjee
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Meenakshi Chawla
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Soumen Basak
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Reghu G, Vemula PK, Bhat SG, Narayanan S. Harnessing the innate immune system by revolutionizing macrophage-mediated cancer immunotherapy. J Biosci 2024; 49:63. [PMID: 38864238 PMCID: PMC11286319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a promising and safer alternative to conventional cancer therapies. It involves adaptive T-cell therapy, cancer vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) based therapies. However, most of these modalities encounter restrictions in solid tumours owing to a dense, highly hypoxic and immune-suppressive microenvironment as well as the heterogeneity of tumour antigens. The elevated intra-tumoural pressure and mutational rates within fastgrowing solid tumours present challenges in efficient drug targeting and delivery. The tumour microenvironment is a dynamic niche infiltrated by a variety of immune cells, most of which are macrophages. Since they form a part of the innate immune system, targeting macrophages has become a plausible immunotherapeutic approach. In this review, we discuss several versatile approaches (both at pre-clinical and clinical stages) such as the direct killing of tumour-associated macrophages, reprogramming pro-tumour macrophages to anti-tumour phenotypes, inhibition of macrophage recruitment into the tumour microenvironment, novel CAR macrophages, and genetically engineered macrophages that have been devised thus far. These strategies comprise a strong and adaptable macrophage-toolkit in the ongoing fight against cancer and by understanding their significance, we may unlock the full potential of these immune cells in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Reghu
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682 022, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li C, Ouyang Z, Huang Y, Lin S, Li S, Xu J, Liu T, Wu J, Guo P, Chen Z, Wu H, Ding Y. NOD2 attenuates osteoarthritis via reprogramming the activation of synovial macrophages. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:249. [PMID: 38124066 PMCID: PMC10731717 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Synovial inflammation, which precedes other pathological changes in osteoarthritis (OA), is primarily initiated by activation and M1 polarization of macrophages. While macrophages play a pivotal role in the inflammatory process of OA, the mechanisms underlying their activation and polarization remain incompletely elucidated. This study aims to investigate the role of NOD2 as a reciprocal modulator of HMGB1/TLR4 signaling in macrophage activation and polarization during OA pathogenesis. DESIGN We examined NOD2 expression in the synovium and determined the impact of NOD2 on macrophage activation and polarization by knockdown and overexpression models in vitro. Paracrine effect of macrophages on fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and chondrocytes was evaluated under conditions of NOD2 overexpression. Additionally, the in vivo effect of NOD2 was assessed using collagenase VII induced OA model in mice. RESULTS Expression of NOD2 was elevated in osteoarthritic synovium. In vitro experiments demonstrated that NOD2 serves as a negative regulator of HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway. Furthermore, NOD2 overexpression hampered the inflammatory paracrine effect of macrophages on FLS and chondrocytes. In vivo experiments revealed that NOD2 overexpression mitigated OA in mice. CONCLUSIONS Supported by convincing evidence on the inhibitory role of NOD2 in modulating the activation and M1 polarization of synovial macrophages, this study provided novel insights into the involvement of innate immunity in OA pathogenesis and highlighted NOD2 as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changchuan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhuji Ouyang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yuhsi Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Sipeng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Shixun Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Taihe Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jionglin Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Peidong Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Haoyu Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yue Ding
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Giambra V, Pagliari D, Rio P, Totti B, Di Nunzio C, Bosi A, Giaroni C, Gasbarrini A, Gambassi G, Cianci R. Gut Microbiota, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Cancer: The Role of Guardians of Innate Immunity. Cells 2023; 12:2654. [PMID: 37998389 PMCID: PMC10669933 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by a persistent low-grade inflammation that leads to an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Several factors are implicated in this pathogenetic pathway, such as innate and adaptive immunity, gut microbiota, environment, and xenobiotics. At the gut mucosa level, a complex interplay between the immune system and gut microbiota occurs; a disequilibrium between these two factors leads to an alteration in the gut permeability, called 'leaky gut'. Subsequently, an activation of several inflammatory pathways and an alteration of gut microbiota composition with a proliferation of pro-inflammatory bacteria, known as 'pathobionts', take place, leading to a further increase in inflammation. This narrative review provides an overview on the principal Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs), focusing on their recognition mechanisms, signaling pathways, and contributions to immune responses. We also report the genetic polymorphisms of TLRs and dysregulation of NLR signaling pathways that can influence immune regulation and contribute to the development and progression of inflammatory disease and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Giambra
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (V.G.); (B.T.); (C.D.N.)
| | - Danilo Pagliari
- Medical Officer of the Carabinieri Corps, Health Service of the Carabinieri General Headquarters, 00197 Rome, Italy;
| | - Pierluigi Rio
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (A.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Beatrice Totti
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (V.G.); (B.T.); (C.D.N.)
| | - Chiara Di Nunzio
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (V.G.); (B.T.); (C.D.N.)
| | - Annalisa Bosi
- Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, University of Insubria, via H Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Cristina Giaroni
- Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, University of Insubria, via H Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (A.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Giovanni Gambassi
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (A.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Rossella Cianci
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (A.G.); (G.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wei L, Zhang Y, Wang R, Liu S, Luo J, Ma Y, Wang H, Liu Y, Chen Y. Heteroantigen-assembled nanovaccine enhances the polyfunctionality of TILs against tumor growth and metastasis. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122297. [PMID: 37666102 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The dysfunction of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) directly correlates with out of control of tumor growth and metastasis. New approaches and insightful clarity for rescuing TILs dysfunction are urgently needed. Here, we design two heterogenous antigens based on MHC-I epitope and MHC-II epitope from tumor, and assemble heterogenous antigens by electrostatic interactions and π-π stacking into heteroantigen-assembled nanovaccine (HANV). HANV not only significantly increases the abundance of CD8+ and CD4+ TILs, but also elicits stronger polyfunctionality of CD8+ and CD4+ TILs in vivo. Enhanced polyfunctionality of CD8+ and CD4+ TILs positively correlate to suppression of tumor growth and metastasis in melanoma-bearing mouse models. We also validate that nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) dominantly enhances anti-tumor capacity of TILs in a temporal immunoregulation manner. This work presents a new insight in developing HANV as a rational strategy to shape TILs polyfunctionality for tumor growth and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangnian Wei
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Epidemiology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huai'an N0.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China
| | - Ruixin Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Epidemiology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huai'an N0.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Jia Luo
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China
| | - Yunfei Ma
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Ye Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Beijing, 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Epidemiology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huai'an N0.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kim Y, Kim H, Ha Thi HT, Kim J, Lee YJ, Kim S, Hong S. Pellino 3 promotes the colitis-associated colorectal cancer through suppression of IRF4-mediated negative regulation of TLR4 signalling. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:2380-2395. [PMID: 37341064 PMCID: PMC10620127 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) has increased due to a high-nutrient diet, increased environmental stimuli and inherited gene mutations. To adequately treat CAC, drugs should be developed by identifying novel therapeutic targets. E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase pellino homolog 3 (pellino 3; Peli3) is a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in inflammatory signalling; however, its role in the development and progression of CAC has not been elucidated. In this study, we studied Peli3-deficient mice in an azoxymethane/dextran sulphate sodium-induced CAC model. We observed that Peli3 promotes colorectal carcinogenesis with increased tumour burden and oncogenic signalling pathways. Ablation of Peli3 reduced inflammatory signalling activation at the early stage of carcinogenesis. Mechanistic studies indicate that Peli3 enhances toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammation through ubiquitination-dependent degradation of interferon regulatory factor 4, a negative regulator of TLR4 in macrophages. Our study suggests an important molecular link between Peli3 and colonic inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis. Furthermore, Peli3 can be a therapeutic target in the prevention and treatment of CAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young‐Mi Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes InstituteGachon University College of MedicineIncheonKorea
| | - Hye‐Youn Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes InstituteGachon University College of MedicineIncheonKorea
| | - Huyen Trang Ha Thi
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes InstituteGachon University College of MedicineIncheonKorea
| | - Jooyoung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes InstituteGachon University College of MedicineIncheonKorea
| | - Young Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes InstituteGachon University College of MedicineIncheonKorea
| | - Seong‐Jin Kim
- GILO InstituteGILO FoundationSeoulKorea
- Medpacto Inc.SeoulKorea
| | - Suntaek Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes InstituteGachon University College of MedicineIncheonKorea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Schmitz I, Mühlen S. An innate immune sensor wandering around - NOD1 promotes cell migration via non-canonical signaling. FEBS J 2023; 290:5292-5294. [PMID: 37735823 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
NOD1 is a cytosolic immune receptor well known for recognizing intracellular bacteria and inducing innate immune responses. Upon ligand binding, it usually forms a complex with the serine/threonine kinase RIPK2 to activate the transcription factor NF-κB. Next to its role in pathogen recognition, NOD1 has been associated with cancer progression. In this regard, Hezinger et al. investigated a non-canonical role of NOD1 in cell migration. They discovered that NOD1 is crucial for the migration and chemotaxis of HeLa cells and identified HAX-1 as a novel interaction partner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Schmitz
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Sabrina Mühlen
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chauvin C, Radulovic K, Boulard O, Delacre M, Waldschmitt N, Régnier P, Legris G, Bouchez C, Sleimi MY, Rosenstiel P, Darrasse-Jèze G, Chamaillard M, Poulin LF. Loss of NOD2 in macrophages improves colitis and tumorigenesis in a lysozyme-dependent manner. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1252979. [PMID: 37876927 PMCID: PMC10590911 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1252979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Crohn's disease (CD) is a complex and poorly understood myeloid-mediated disorder. Genetic variants with loss of function in the NOD2 gene confer an increased susceptibility to ileal CD. While Nod2 in myeloid cells may confer protection against T-cell mediated ileopathy, it remains unclear whether it may promote resolution of the inflamed colon. In this study, we evaluated the function of Nod2 in myeloid cells in a model of acute colitis and colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC). Methods To ablate Nod2 specifically within the myeloid compartment, we generated LysMCre/+;Nod2fl/fl mice. The role of NOD2 was studied in a setting of Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and in azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS model. Clinical parameters were quantified by colonoscopy, histological, flow cytometry, and qRT-PCR analysis. Results Upon DSS colitis model, LysMCre/+;Nod2fl/fl mice lost less weight than control littermates and had less severe damage to the colonic epithelium. In the AOM/DSS model, endoscopic monitoring of tumor progression revealed a lowered number of adenomas within the colon of LysMCre/+;Nod2fl/fl mice, associated with less expression of Tgfb. Mechanistically, lysozyme M was required for the improved disease severity in mice with a defect of NOD2 in myeloid cells. Conclusion Our results indicate that loss of Nod2 signaling in myeloid cells aids in the tissue repair of the inflamed large intestine through lysozyme secretion by myeloid cells. These results may pave the way to design new therapeutics to limit the inflammatory and tumorigenic functions of NOD2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Chauvin
- Univ. Lille, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre de Recherche Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019, Lille, France
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Katarina Radulovic
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier de Valenciennes, Valenciennes, France
| | | | - Myriam Delacre
- Univ. Lille, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre de Recherche Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019, Lille, France
| | - Nadine Waldschmitt
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Paul Régnier
- Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3) Laboratory, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) UMR-S 959, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Biotherapy Unit (CIC-BTi), Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Guillaume Darrasse-Jèze
- Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3) Laboratory, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) UMR-S 959, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Khan S, Kwak YT, Peng L, Hu S, Cantarel BL, Lewis CM, Gao Y, Mani RS, Kanneganti TD, Zaki H. NLRP12 downregulates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via interaction with STK38 to suppress colorectal cancer. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e166295. [PMID: 37581937 PMCID: PMC10541192 DOI: 10.1172/jci166295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) at advanced stages is rarely curable, underscoring the importance of exploring the mechanism of CRC progression and invasion. NOD-like receptor family member NLRP12 was shown to suppress colorectal tumorigenesis, but the precise mechanism was unknown. Here, we demonstrate that invasive adenocarcinoma development in Nlrp12-deficient mice is associated with elevated expression of genes involved in proliferation, matrix degradation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Signaling pathway analysis revealed higher activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, but not NF-κB and MAPK pathways, in the Nlrp12-deficient tumors. Using Nlrp12-conditional knockout mice, we revealed that NLRP12 downregulates β-catenin activation in intestinal epithelial cells, thereby suppressing colorectal tumorigenesis. Consistent with this, Nlrp12-deficient intestinal organoids and CRC cells showed increased proliferation, accompanied by higher activation of β-catenin in vitro. With proteomic studies, we identified STK38 as an interacting partner of NLRP12 involved in the inhibition of phosphorylation of GSK3β, leading to the degradation of β-catenin. Consistently, the expression of NLRP12 was significantly reduced, while p-GSK3β and β-catenin were upregulated in mouse and human colorectal tumor tissues. In summary, NLRP12 is a potent negative regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and the NLRP12/STK38/GSK3β signaling axis could be a promising therapeutic target for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Brandi L. Cantarel
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, and
| | - Cheryl M. Lewis
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Qi Y, Chen C, Li X, Liu Y, Qi H, Xue Y, Yang F. Silencing ApoC3 alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting TLR signaling pathway. Immunol Res 2023; 71:687-697. [PMID: 37036635 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to confirm whether apolipoprotein C3 (ApoC3) can regulate the inflammatory response and tissue damage in acute lung injury (ALI) and explore its regulatory pathway. ALI mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). ApoC3 levels were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and western blot assays. The levels of various inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot analysis. Finally, the expression of toll-like receptor (TLR)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway-related protein [TLR2, myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88), IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), NF-κB p65, and inhibitor of kappa B alpha (IκBα)], SLP adaptor and CSK interacting membrane protein (SCIMP), spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), and phosphorylated (p)-Syk was detected by western blot analysis. ApoC3 was overexpressed in ALI mouse lung tissue and cell inflammation model. Silencing ApoC3 reduced inflammatory factors and alleviated lung tissue damage in ALI mice. Silencing ApoC3 reduced inflammatory factors and downregulated the expression of TLR2, MyD88, IRAK1, NF-κB p65, and increased IκBα expression in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, co-transfection of si-TLR2 and shApoC3 further enhanced the inhibitory effects on the levels of inflammatory factors induced by silencing ApoC3. ApoC3 overexpression increased the levels of inflammatory factors and protein expression of SCIMP and p-Syk, while silencing TLR2 reversed the promotive effects of ApoC3 overexpression on above factors. In LPS-induced ALI mouse model and inflammatory cell model, downregulation of ApoC3 reduced inflammatory factors and relieved tissue damage. This process might be achieved through the TLR pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Qi
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 271199, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 271199, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 271199, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 271199, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqin Qi
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 271199, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchang Xue
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 271199, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyong Yang
- Department of Emergency, Jinan Key Laboratory of Acute Lung Injury Prevention and Treatment, Jinan Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Medicine, Jinan Clinical Research Center of Critical Care Medicine, Jinan People's Hospital, Jinan, 271199, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Song J, Ke B, Tu W, Fang X. Roles of interferon regulatory factor 4 in the AKI-CKD transition, glomerular diseases and kidney allograft rejection. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2259228. [PMID: 37755331 PMCID: PMC10538460 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2259228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) is expressed in immune cells and is a member of the interferon regulatory factor family. Recently, it has been found that IRF4 plays important roles in the acute kidney injury (AKI)-chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition, glomerular diseases and kidney allograft rejection. In particular, the relationship between IRF4 and the AKI-CKD transition has attracted widespread attention. Furthermore, it was also found that the deficiency of IRF4 hindered the transition from AKI to CKD through the suppression of macrophage-to-fibroblast conversion, inhibition of M1-M2 macrophage polarization, and reduction in neutrophil inward flow. Additionally, an examination of the crucial role of IRF4 in glomerular disease was conducted. It was reported that inhibiting IRF4 could alleviate the progression of glomerular disease, and potential physiopathology mechanisms associated with IRF4 were postulated. Lastly, IRF4 was found to have detrimental effects on the development of antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) and T-cell-mediated rejection (TCMR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Song
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang of Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Ben Ke
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang of Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Tu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang of Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiangdong Fang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang of Jiangxi, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhou Y, Yu S, Zhang W. NOD-like Receptor Signaling Pathway in Gastrointestinal Inflammatory Diseases and Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14511. [PMID: 37833958 PMCID: PMC10572711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are intracellular proteins with a central role in innate and adaptive immunity. As a member of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), NLRs sense specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns, trigger numerous signaling pathways and lead to the secretion of various cytokines. In recent years, cumulative studies have revealed the significant impacts of NLRs in gastrointestinal (GI) inflammatory diseases and cancers. Deciphering the role and molecular mechanism of the NLR signaling pathways may provide new opportunities for the development of therapeutic strategies related to GI inflammatory diseases and GI cancers. This review presents the structures and signaling pathways of NLRs, summarizes the recent advances regarding NLR signaling in GI inflammatory diseases and GI cancers and describes comprehensive therapeutic strategies based on this signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhou
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Songyan Yu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Wenyong Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.Z.); (S.Y.)
- Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Geng Y, Sun YJ, Song H, Miao QJ, Wang YF, Qi JL, Xu XL, Sun JF. Construction and Identification of an NLR-Associated Prognostic Signature Revealing the Heterogeneous Immune Response in Skin Cutaneous Melanoma. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:1623-1639. [PMID: 37396711 PMCID: PMC10312339 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s410723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is the deadliest dermatology tumor. Ongoing researches have confirmed that the NOD-like receptors (NLRs) family are crucial in driving carcinogenesis. However, the function of NLRs signaling pathway-related genes in SKCM remains unclear. Objective To establish and identify an NLRs-related prognostic signature and to explore its predictive power for heterogeneous immune response in SKCM patients. Methods Establishment of the predictive signature using the NLRs-related genes by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-Cox regression analysis (LASSO-COX algorithm). Through univariate and multivariate COX analyses, NLRs signature's independent predictive effectiveness was proven. CIBERSORT examined the comparative infiltration ratios of 22 distinct types of immune cells. RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry implemented expression validation for critical NLRs-related prognostic genes in clinical samples. Results The prognostic signature, including 7 genes, was obtained by the LASSO-Cox algorithm. In TCGA and validation cohorts, SKCM patients with higher risk scores had remarkably poorer overall survival. The independent predictive role of this signature was confirmed by multivariate Cox analysis. Additionally, a graphic nomogram demonstrated that the risk score of the NLRs signature has high predictive accuracy. SKCM patients in the low-risk group revealed a distinct immune microenvironment characterized by the significantly activated inflammatory response, interferon-α/γ response, and complement pathways. Indeed, several anti-tumor immune cell types were significantly accumulated in the low-risk group, including M1 macrophage, CD8 T cell, and activated NK cell. It is worth noting that our NLRs prognostic signature could serve as one of the promising biomarkers for predicting response rates to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Furthermore, the results of expression validation (RT-qPCR and IHC) were consistent with the previous analysis. Conclusion A promising NLRs signature with excellent predictive efficacy for SKCM was developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Geng
- Institute of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jie Sun
- Institute of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Song
- Institute of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Ju Miao
- Institute of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- Institute of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Liang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Lian Xu
- Institute of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Fang Sun
- Institute of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wong CC, Yu J. Gut microbiota in colorectal cancer development and therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2023:10.1038/s41571-023-00766-x. [PMID: 37169888 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00766-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the commonest cancers globally. A unique aspect of CRC is its intimate association with the gut microbiota, which forms an essential part of the tumour microenvironment. Research over the past decade has established that dysbiosis of gut bacteria, fungi, viruses and Archaea accompanies colorectal tumorigenesis, and these changes might be causative. Data from mechanistic studies demonstrate the ability of the gut microbiota to interact with the colonic epithelia and immune cells of the host via the release of a diverse range of metabolites, proteins and macromolecules that regulate CRC development. Preclinical and some clinical evidence also underscores the role of the gut microbiota in modifying the therapeutic responses of patients with CRC to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Herein, we summarize our current understanding of the role of gut microbiota in CRC and outline the potential translational and clinical implications for CRC diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Emphasis is placed on how the gut microbiota could now be better harnessed by developing targeted microbial therapeutics as chemopreventive agents against colorectal tumorigenesis, as adjuvants for chemotherapy and immunotherapy to boost drug efficacy and safety, and as non-invasive biomarkers for CRC screening and patient stratification. Finally, we highlight the hurdles and potential solutions to translating our knowledge of the gut microbiota into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chun Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lin Z, Liao HH, Zhou ZY, Zhang N, Li WJ, Tang QZ. RIP2 inhibition alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced septic cardiomyopathy via regulating TAK1 signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 947:175679. [PMID: 36967078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE RIP2 is a member of the receptor-interacting protein family that has been associated with various pathophysiological processes, including immunity, apoptosis, and autophagy. However, no studies have hitherto reported the role of RIP2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic cardiomyopathy (SCM). This study was designed to illustrate the role of RIP2 in LPS-induced SCM. METHODS C57 and RIP2 knockout mice received intraperitoneal injections of LPS to establish models of SCM. Echocardiography was used to assess the cardiac function of the mice. Real-time-PCR, cytometric bead array and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the inflammatory response. Immunoblotting was used to determine the protein expression of relevant signaling pathways. Our findings were validated by treatment with a RIP2 inhibitor. Neonatal rats cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) and cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were transfected with Ad-RIP2 to further explore the role of RIP2 in vitro. RESULTS RIP2 expression was upregulated in our mice models of septic cardiomyopathy and LPS-stimulated cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. RIP2 knockout or RIP2 inhibitors attenuated LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction and reduced the inflammatory response in mice. Overexpression of RIP2 in vitro enhanced the inflammatory response, and TAK1 inhibitors attenuated the inflammatory response caused by overexpression of RIP2. CONCLUSION Our findings substantiate that RIP2 induces an inflammatory response by regulating the TAK1/IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathway. RIP2 inhibition by genetic or pharmacological approaches has huge prospects for application as a potential treatment strategy for inhibiting inflammation, alleviating cardiac dysfunction, and improving survival.
Collapse
|
28
|
Pani G. Fusobacterium & Co. at the Stem of Cancer: Microbe-Cancer Stem Cell Interactions in Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092583. [PMID: 37174049 PMCID: PMC10177588 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells lie at the crossroads of tissue repair, inflammation, and malignancy. Intestinal microbiota and microbe-host interactions are pivotal to maintaining gut homeostasis and response to injury, and participate in colorectal carcinogenesis. Yet, limited knowledge is available on whether and how bacteria directly crosstalk with intestinal stem cells (ISC), particularly cancerous stem-like cells (CR-CSC), as engines for colorectal cancer initiation, maintenance, and metastatic dissemination. Among several bacterial species alleged to initiate or promote colorectal cancer (CRC), the pathobiont Fusobacterium Nucleatum has recently drawn significant attention for its epidemiologic association and mechanistic linkage with the disease. We will therefore focus on current evidence for an F. nucleatum-CRCSC axis in tumor development, highlighting the commonalities and differences between F. nucleatum-associated colorectal carcinogenesis and gastric cancer driven by Helicobacter Pylori. We will explore the diverse facets of the bacteria-CSC interaction, analyzing the signals and pathways whereby bacteria either confer "stemness" properties to tumor cells or primarily target stem-like elements within the heterogeneous tumor cell populations. We will also discuss the extent to which CR-CSC cells are competent for innate immune responses and participate in establishing a tumor-promoting microenvironment. Finally, by capitalizing on the expanding knowledge of how the microbiota and ISC crosstalk in intestinal homeostasis and response to injury, we will speculate on the possibility that CRC arises as an aberrant repair response promoted by pathogenic bacteria upon direct stimulation of intestinal stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovambattista Pani
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Section of General Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L. go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gu Q, Zou J, Zhou Y, Deng Q. Mechanism of inflammasomes in cancer and targeted therapies. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1133013. [PMID: 37020871 PMCID: PMC10067570 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1133013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes, composed of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptors (NLRs), are immune-functional protein multimers that are closely linked to the host defense mechanism. When NLRs sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), they assemble into inflammasomes. Inflammasomes can activate various inflammatory signaling pathways, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, and produce a large number of proinflammatory cytokines, which are closely associated with multiple cancers. They can also accelerate the occurrence and development of cancer by providing suitable tumor microenvironments, promoting tumor cell proliferation, and inhibiting tumor cell apoptosis. Therefore, the exploitation of novel targeted drugs against various inflammasomes and proinflammatory cytokines is a new idea for the treatment of cancer. In recent years, more than 50 natural extracts and synthetic small molecule targeted drugs have been reported to be in the research stage or have been applied to the clinic. Herein, we will overview the mechanisms of inflammasomes in common cancers and discuss the therapeutic prospects of natural extracts and synthetic targeted agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingdan Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiazhen Zou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated 5 Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuchan Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Qiuchan Deng,
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Plitt T, Faith JJ. Seminars in immunology special issue: Nutrition, microbiota and immunity The unexplored microbes in health and disease. Semin Immunol 2023; 66:101735. [PMID: 36857892 PMCID: PMC10049858 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Functional characterization of the microbiome's influence on host physiology has been dominated by a few characteristic example strains that have been studied in detail. However, the extensive development of methods for high-throughput bacterial isolation and culture over the past decade is enabling functional characterization of the broader microbiota that may impact human health. Characterizing the understudied majority of human microbes and expanding our functional understanding of the diversity of the gut microbiota could enable new insights into diseases with unknown etiology, provide disease-predictive microbiome signatures, and advance microbial therapeutics. We summarize high-throughput culture-dependent platforms for characterizing bacterial strain function and host-interactions. We elaborate on the importance of these technologies in facilitating mechanistic studies of previously unexplored microbes, highlight new opportunities for large-scale in vitro screens of host-relevant microbial functions, and discuss the potential translational applications for microbiome science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Plitt
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jeremiah J Faith
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Masuta Y, Minaga K, Kurimoto M, Sekai I, Hara A, Omaru N, Okai N, Otsuka Y, Takada R, Yoshikawa T, Masaki S, Kamata K, Honjo H, Arai Y, Yamashita K, Kudo M, Watanabe T. Activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 by muramyl dipeptide negatively regulates Toll-like receptor 9-mediated colonic inflammation through the induction of deubiquitinating enzyme A expression. Int Immunol 2023; 35:79-94. [PMID: 36171063 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxac045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) are associated with Crohn's disease (CD). Although NOD2 activation contributes to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis through the negative regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine responses mediated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs), the effects of NOD2 activation on interferon (IFN)-α responses induced by TLR9 have been poorly defined. To explore the cross-talk between NOD2 and TLR9, human monocytes or dendritic cells (DCs) were stimulated with NOD2 and/or TLR9 ligands to measure IFN-α production. The severity of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis was compared in mice treated with NOD2 and/or TLR9 ligands. Expression of IFN-α and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) was examined in the colonic mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). NOD2 activation reduced TLR9-induced IFN-α production by monocytes and DCs in a deubiquitinating enzyme A (DUBA)-dependent manner. Activation of DUBA induced by the co-stimulation of TLR9 and NOD2 inhibited Lys63-linked polyubiquitination of TRAF3 and suppressed TLR9-mediated IFN-α production. NOD2 activation in hematopoietic cells protected mice from TLR9-induced exacerbation of DSS-induced colitis by down-regulating IFN-α responses and up-regulating DUBA expression. Colonic mucosa of patients with active and remitted IBD phases was characterized by the enhanced and reduced expression of ISGs, respectively. Expression levels of IFN-α and IL-6 positively correlated in the active colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis and CD, whereas DUBA expression inversely correlated with that of IFN-α in patients with CD. Collectively, these data suggest that DUBA-dependent negative effect of NOD2 on TLR9-mediated IFN-α responses contributes to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Masuta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Kosuke Minaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kurimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Ikue Sekai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Akane Hara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Naoya Omaru
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Natsuki Okai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yasuo Otsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Takada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Tomoe Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Sho Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Ken Kamata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Hajime Honjo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Arai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kouhei Yamashita
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ermine K, Yu J, Zhang L. Role of Receptor Interacting Protein (RIP) kinases in cancer. Genes Dis 2022; 9:1579-1593. [PMID: 36157481 PMCID: PMC9485196 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Receptor Interacting Protein (RIP) kinase family consists of seven Serine/Threonine kinases, which plays a key signaling role in cell survival and cell death. Each RIP family member contains a conserved kinase domain and other domains that determine the specific kinase function through protein-protein interactions. RIP1 and RIP3 are best known for their critical roles in necroptosis, programmed necrosis and a non-apoptotic inflammatory cell death process. Dysregulation of RIP kinases contributes to a variety of pathogenic conditions such as inflammatory diseases, neurological diseases, and cancer. In cancer cells, alterations of RIP kinases at genetic, epigenetic and expression levels are frequently found, and suggested to promote tumor progression and metastasis, escape of antitumor immune response, and therapeutic resistance. However, RIP kinases can be either pro-tumor or anti-tumor depending on specific tumor types and cellular contexts. Therapeutic agents for targeting RIP kinases have been tested in clinical trials mainly for inflammatory diseases. Deregulated expression of these kinases in different types of cancer suggests that they represent attractive therapeutic targets. The focus of this review is to outline the role of RIP kinases in cancer, highlighting potential opportunities to manipulate these proteins in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaylee Ermine
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jian Yu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Omaru N, Watanabe T, Kamata K, Minaga K, Kudo M. Activation of NOD1 and NOD2 in the development of liver injury and cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1004439. [PMID: 36268029 PMCID: PMC9577175 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1004439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocytes and liver-resident antigen-presenting cells are exposed to microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and microbial metabolites, which reach the liver from the gut via the portal vein. MAMPs induce innate immune responses via the activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as toll-like receptors (TLRs), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1), and NOD2. Such proinflammatory cytokine responses mediated by PRRs likely contribute to the development of chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as shown by the fact that activation of TLRs and subsequent production of IL-6 and TNF-α is required for the generation of chronic fibroinflammatory responses and hepatocarcinogenesis. Similar to TLRs, NOD1 and NOD2 recognize MAMPs derived from the intestinal bacteria. The association between the activation of NOD1/NOD2 and chronic liver diseases is poorly understood. Given that NOD1 and NOD2 can regulate proinflammatory cytokine responses mediated by TLRs both positively and negatively, it is likely that sensing of MAMPs by NOD1 and NOD2 affects the development of chronic liver diseases, including HCC. Indeed, recent studies have highlighted the importance of NOD1 and NOD2 activation in chronic liver disorders. Here, we summarize the roles of NOD1 and NOD2 in hepatocarcinogenesis and liver injury.
Collapse
|
34
|
Li C, Liang H, Bian S, Hou X, Ma Y. Construction of a Prognosis Model of the Pyroptosis-Related Gene in Multiple Myeloma and Screening of Core Genes. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:34608-34620. [PMID: 36188246 PMCID: PMC9521030 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is an important factor affecting the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells. However, in multiple myeloma (MM), there are few studies on whether the occurrence of pyroptosis is related to the occurrence and prognosis of the disease. Based on the Gene Expression Omnibus and Cancer Genome Atlas database search dataset, this study identified pyroptosis-related genes with a specific prognosis, constructed and verified the prediction model by stepwise Cox regression analysis and time receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and predicted specific functions by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Dataset analysis identified key genes, which were used to construct a risk scoring system for the prognosis of MM. The entire test set and external verification set verified the results. The expression levels of related genes in the clinical samples were detected using fluorescence quantitative PCR. A prognostic gene model based on six pyroptosis-related genes (CYCS, NLRP9, AIM2, NOD2, CHMP3, and GSDME) was constructed. The model has an excellent prognostic ability and can be popularized in the external validation set. The predictive prognostic nomogram integrating clinical information can effectively evaluate the risk score of each patient and predict their survival. After sample validation, our study found three potential key pyroptosis-related genes in multiple myeloma. GSDME, NOD2, and CHMP3 were significantly different between MM and healthy subjects, suggesting that they are pyroptosis-related protective genes. This study shows that the key pyroptosis-related gene in the model can be used as a marker for predicting the prognosis of myeloma, which may provide a basis for clinical individualized stratification therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Can Li
- Department
of Hematology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical
University, Shanxi Medical University, 030000 Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongzheng Liang
- Department
of Hematology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical
University, Shanxi Medical University, 030000 Taiyuan, China
| | - Sicheng Bian
- Harbin
Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, NanGang District, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Xiaoxu Hou
- Department
of Hematology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical
University, Shanxi Medical University, 030000 Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanping Ma
- Department
of Hematology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical
University, Shanxi Medical University, 030000 Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mao L, Dhar A, Meng G, Fuss I, Montgomery-Recht K, Yang Z, Xu Q, Kitani A, Strober W. Blau syndrome NOD2 mutations result in loss of NOD2 cross-regulatory function. Front Immunol 2022; 13:988862. [PMID: 36189261 PMCID: PMC9520668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.988862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The studies described here provide an analysis of the pathogenesis of Blau syndrome and thereby the function of NOD2 as seen through the lens of its dysfunction resulting from Blau-associated NOD2 mutations in its nucleotide-binding domain (NBD). As such, this analysis also sheds light on the role of NOD2 risk polymorphisms in the LRR domain occurring in Crohn’s disease. The main finding was that Blau NOD2 mutations precipitate a loss of canonical NOD2 signaling via RIPK2 and that this loss has two consequences: first, it results in defective NOD2 ligand (MDP)-mediated NF-κB activation and second, it disrupts NOD2-mediated cross-regulation whereby NOD2 downregulates concomitant innate (TLR) responses. Strong evidence is also presented favoring the view that NOD2-mediated cross-regulation is under mechanistic control by IRF4 and that failure to up-regulate this factor because of faulty NOD2 signaling is the proximal cause of defective cross-regulation and the latter’s effect on Blau syndrome inflammation. Overall, these studies highlight the role of NOD2 as a regulatory factor and thus provide additional insight into its function in inflammatory disease. Mutations in the nucleotide binding domain of the CARD15 (NOD2) gene underlie the granulomatous inflammation characterizing Blau syndrome (BS). In studies probing the mechanism of this inflammation we show here that NOD2 plasmids expressing various Blau mutations in HEK293 cells result in reduced NOD2 activation of RIPK2 and correspondingly reduced NOD2 activation of NF-κB. These in vitro studies of NOD2 signaling were accompanied by in vivo studies showing that BS-NOD2 also exhibit defects in cross-regulation of innate responses underlying inflammation. Thus, whereas over-expressed intact NOD2 suppresses TNBS-colitis, over-expressed BS-NOD2 does not; in addition, whereas administration of NOD2 ligand (muramyl dipeptide, MDP) suppresses DSS-colitis in Wild Type (WT) mice it fails to do so in homozygous or heterozygous mice bearing a NOD2 Blau mutation. Similarly, mice bearing a Blau mutation exhibit enhanced anti-collagen antibody-induced arthritis. The basis of such cross-regulatory failure was revealed in studies showing that MDP-stimulated cells bearing BS-NOD2 exhibit a reduced capacity to signal via RIPK2 as well as a reduced capacity to up-regulate IRF4, a factor shown previously to mediate NOD2 suppression of NF-κB activation. Indeed, TLR-stimulated cells bearing a Blau mutation exhibited enhanced in vitro cytokine responses that are quieted by lentivirus transduction of IRF4. In addition, enhanced anti-collagen-induced joint inflammation in mice bearing a Blau mutation was accompanied by reduced IRF4 expression in inflamed joint tissue and IRF4 expression was reduced in MDP-stimulated cells from BS patients. Thus, inflammation characterizing Blau syndrome are caused, at least in part, by faulty canonical signaling and reduce IRF4-mediated cross-regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Mao
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Atika Dhar
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Guangxun Meng
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Pasteurien College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ivan Fuss
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kim Montgomery-Recht
- Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., National Cancer Institute (NCI) Campus at Frederick, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Zhiqiong Yang
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Qiuyun Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Atsushi Kitani
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Warren Strober
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Warren Strober,
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Huang J, Lin S, Zhu F, Xu L. Exploring the underlying mechanism of oleanolic acid treating glioma by transcriptome and molecular docking. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113586. [PMID: 36007277 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oleanolic acid is a promising drug for treating gliomas, but its underlying mechanism is unclear. This study aimed to determine the potential effect of oleanolic acid on glioma and its mechanism. METHODS Firstly, the effects of oleanolic acid on the proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of glioma U251 cells were detected by in vitro experiments such as MTT assay, cell cloning, and flow cytometry. The transcriptome data of U251 cells treated with oleanolic acid and untreated were sequenced by mRNA, and then the differentially expressed genes were analyzed by gene ontology (GO), genomic encyclopedia (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, and protein interaction topology analysis. The underlying mechanism of oleanolic acid was predicted, and the related protein interaction network was constructed. Finally, Western blotting and molecular docking techniques verified the mRNA sequencing results. RESULTS Oleanolic acid could effectively inhibit the proliferation, colony formation, and invasion of U251 cells and induce apoptosis. A total of 446 differentially expressed genes were detected by mRNA sequencing, of which 96 genes were up-regulated and 350 down-regulated. Oleanolic acid induces the TNF signal pathway and NOD-like receptor signal pathway at the intracellular level. In addition, OAS2, OASL, IFIT3, RSAD2, and IRF1 may be the core targets of oleanolic acid in treating glioma. CONCLUSION Transcriptome combined with molecular docking technique is used to predict the possible mechanism of oleanolic acid in the treatment of glioma, which provides new ideas and insights for developing and researching antitumor drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiang Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shengnan Lin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sanming First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Sanming City, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanming First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Sanming City, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Luning Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sanming First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Sanming City, Fujian Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang Y, Li N, Yuan G, Yao H, Zhang D, Li N, Zhang G, Sun Y, Wang W, Zeng J, Xu N, Liu M, Wu L. Upregulation of NOD1 and NOD2 contribute to cancer progression through the positive regulation of tumorigenicity and metastasis in human squamous cervical cancer. BMC Med 2022; 20:55. [PMID: 35130902 PMCID: PMC8822783 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02248-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) has poor prognosis and is recalcitrant to the current treatment strategies, which warrants the necessity to identify novel prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. Given that CSCC is a virus-induced malignancy, we hypothesized that the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) involved in the innate immune response likely play a critical role in tumor development. METHODS A bioinformatics analysis, qPCR, IHC, immunofluorescence, and WB were performed to determine the expression of NOD1/NOD2. The biological characteristics of overexpression NOD1 or NOD2 CSCC cells were compared to parental cells: proliferation, migration/invasion and cytokines secretion were examined in vitro through CCK8/colony formation/cell cycle profiling/cell counting, wound healing/transwell, and ELISA assays, respectively. The proliferative and metastatic capacity of overexpression NOD1 or NOD2 CSCC cells were also evaluated in vivo. FCM, mRNA and protein arrays, ELISA, and WB were used to identify the mechanisms involved, while novel pharmacological treatment were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Quantitative variables between two groups were compared by Student's t test (normal distribution) or Mann-Whitney U test (non-normal distribution), and one-way or two-way ANOVA was used for comparing multiple groups. Pearson χ2 test or Fisher's exact test was used to compare qualitative variables. Survival curves were plotted by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. P values of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS NOD1 was highly expressed in CSCC with lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI, P < 0.01) and lymph node metastasis (LM, P < 0.01) and related to worse overall survival (OS, P = 0.016). In vitro and in vivo functional assays revealed that the upregulation of NOD1 or NOD2 in CSCC cells promoted proliferation, invasion, and migration. Mechanistically, NOD1 and NOD2 exerted their oncogenic effects by activating NF-κb and ERK signaling pathways and enhancing IL-8 secretion. Inhibition of the IL-8 receptor partially abrogated the effects of NOD1/2 on CSCC cells. CONCLUSIONS NOD1/2-NF-κb/ERK and IL-8 axis may be involved in the progression of CSCC; the NOD1 significantly enhanced the progression of proliferation and metastasis, which leads to a poor prognosis. Anti-IL-8 was identified as a potential therapeutic target for patients with NOD1high tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan, Chaoyang District, 100021, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan, Chaoyang District, 100021, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangwen Yuan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan, Chaoyang District, 100021, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwen Yao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan, Chaoyang District, 100021, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Die Zhang
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan, Chaoyang District, 100021, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan, Chaoyang District, 100021, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gongyi Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan, Chaoyang District, 100021, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangchun Sun
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan, Chaoyang District, 100021, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenpeng Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan, Chaoyang District, 100021, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Zeng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan, Chaoyang District, 100021, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningzhi Xu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan, Chaoyang District, 100021, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Liu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan, Chaoyang District, 100021, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingying Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan, Chaoyang District, 100021, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Masaki S, Watanabe T, Arai Y, Sekai I, Hara A, Kurimoto M, Otsuka Y, Masuta Y, Yoshikawa T, Takada R, Kamata K, Minaga K, Yamashita K, Kudo M. Expression levels of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins and colitogenic cytokines are inversely correlated with the activation of interferon regulatory factor 4. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 207:340-350. [PMID: 35553628 PMCID: PMC9113101 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular inhibitors of apoptosis proteins 1 (cIAP1) and 2 (cIAP2) are involved in signaling pathways mediated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Excessive activation of TLRs and TNF-α underlies the immunopathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the roles played by cIAP1 and cIAP2 in the development of CD and UC remain poorly understood. In this study, we attempted to clarify the molecular link between cIAP1/cIAP2 and colonic inflammation. Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) treated with siRNAs specific for cIAP1 or cIAP2 exhibited reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine responses upon stimulation with TLR ligands. Expression of cIAP1 and cIAP2 in human DCs was suppressed in the presence of interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4). This effect was associated with inhibition of cIAP1 and cIAP2 polyubiquitination. To verify these in vitro findings, we created mice overexpressing IRF4 in DCs and showed that these mice were resistant to trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis as compared with wild-type mice; these effects were accompanied by reduced expression levels of cIAP1 and cIAP2. Pro-inflammatory cytokine production by mesenteric lymph node cells upon stimulation with TLR ligands was reduced in mice with DC-specific IRF4 overexpression as compared with that in wild-type mice. Finally, in clinical samples of the colonic mucosa from patients with CD, there was a negative relationship between the percentage of IRF4+ DCs and percentages of cIAP1+ or cIAP2+ lamina propria mononuclear cells. These data suggest that the colitogenic roles of cIAP1 and cIAP2 are negatively regulated by IRF4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sho Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Watanabe
- Correspondence: Tomohiro Watanabe, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Arai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ikue Sekai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akane Hara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kurimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Otsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Masuta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoe Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Takada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Kamata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Minaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kouhei Yamashita
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Khan S, Shafiei MS, Longoria C, Schoggins JW, Savani RC, Zaki H. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces inflammation via TLR2-dependent activation of the NF-κB pathway. eLife 2021; 10:68563. [PMID: 34866574 PMCID: PMC8709575 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is associated with a hyperinflammatory response; however, the precise mechanism of SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation is poorly understood. Here, we investigated direct inflammatory functions of major structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2. We observed that spike (S) protein potently induced inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-6, IL-1β, TNFα, CXCL1, CXCL2, and CCL2, but not IFNs in human and mouse macrophages. No such inflammatory response was observed in response to membrane (M), envelope (E), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins. When stimulated with extracellular S protein, human and mouse lung epithelial cells also produced inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Interestingly, epithelial cells expressing S protein intracellularly were non-inflammatory, but elicited an inflammatory response in macrophages when co-cultured. Biochemical studies revealed that S protein triggers inflammation via activation of the NF-κB pathway in a MyD88-dependent manner. Further, such an activation of the NF-κB pathway was abrogated in Tlr2-deficient macrophages. Consistently, administration of S protein-induced IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in wild-type, but not Tlr2-deficient mice. Notably, upon recognition of S protein, TLR2 dimerizes with TLR1 or TLR6 to activate the NF-κB pathway. Taken together, these data reveal a mechanism for the cytokine storm during SARS-CoV-2 infection and suggest that TLR2 could be a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahanshah Khan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Mahnoush S Shafiei
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Christopher Longoria
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - John W Schoggins
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Rashmin C Savani
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Hasan Zaki
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Dias ML, O'Connor KM, Dempsey EM, O'Halloran KD, McDonald FB. Targeting the Toll-like receptor pathway as a therapeutic strategy for neonatal infection. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R879-R902. [PMID: 34612068 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00307.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial transmembrane receptors that form part of the innate immune response. They play a role in the recognition of various microorganisms and their elimination from the host. TLRs have been proposed as vital immunomodulators in the regulation of multiple neonatal stressors that extend beyond infection such as oxidative stress and pain. The immune system is immature at birth and takes some time to become fully established. As such, babies are especially vulnerable to sepsis at this early stage of life. Findings suggest a gestational age-dependent increase in TLR expression. TLRs engage with accessory and adaptor proteins to facilitate recognition of pathogens and their activation of the receptor. TLRs are generally upregulated during infection and promote the transcription and release of proinflammatory cytokines. Several studies report that TLRs are epigenetically modulated by chromatin changes and promoter methylation upon bacterial infection that have long-term influences on immune responses. TLR activation is reported to modulate cardiorespiratory responses during infection and may play a key role in driving homeostatic instability observed during sepsis. Although complex, TLR signaling and downstream pathways are potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of neonatal diseases. By reviewing the expression and function of key Toll-like receptors, we aim to provide an important framework to understand the functional role of these receptors in response to stress and infection in premature infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Dias
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Karen M O'Connor
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eugene M Dempsey
- Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ken D O'Halloran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fiona B McDonald
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
TLR or NOD receptor signaling skews monocyte fate decision via distinct mechanisms driven by mTOR and miR-155. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2109225118. [PMID: 34686603 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109225118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are rapidly recruited to inflamed tissues where they differentiate into monocyte-derived macrophages (mo-mac) or dendritic cells (mo-DC). At infection sites, monocytes encounter a broad range of microbial motifs. How pathogen recognition impacts monocyte fate decision is unclear. Here, we show, using an in vitro model allowing the simultaneous differentiation of human mo-mac and mo-DC, that viruses promote mo-mac while Mycobacteria favor mo-DC differentiation. Mechanistically, we found that pathogen sensing through toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands increases mo-mac differentiation via mTORC1. By contrast, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) ligands favor mo-DC through the induction of TNF-α secretion and miR-155 expression. We confirmed these results in vivo, in mouse skin and by analyzing transcriptomic data from human individuals. Overall, our findings allow a better understanding of the molecular control of monocyte differentiation and of monocyte plasticity upon pathogen sensing.
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang F, Liu R, Yang J, Chen B. New insights into genetic characteristics between multiple myeloma and COVID-19: An integrative bioinformatics analysis of gene expression omnibus microarray and the cancer genome atlas data. Int J Lab Hematol 2021; 43:1325-1333. [PMID: 34623759 PMCID: PMC8652836 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection correlates with MM features. This study aimed to identify MM prognostic biomarkers with potential association with COVID‐19. Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in five MM data sets (GSE47552, GSE16558, GSE13591, GSE6477, and GSE39754) with the same expression trends were screened out. Functional enrichment analysis and the protein‐protein interaction network were performed for all DEGs. Prognosis‐associated DEGs were screened using the stepwise Cox regression analysis in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) MMRF‐CoMMpass cohort and the GSE24080 data set. Prognosis‐associated DEGs associated with COVID‐19 infection in the GSE164805 data set were also identified. Results A total of 98 DEGs with the same expression trends in five data sets were identified, and 83 DEGs were included in the protein‐protein interaction network. Cox regression analysis identified 16 DEGs were associated with MM prognosis in the TCGA cohort, and only the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C (COX6C) gene (HR = 1.717, 95% CI 1.231–2.428, p = .002) and the nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) gene (HR = 0.882, 95% CI 0.798–0.975, p = .014) were independent factors related to MM prognosis in the GSE24080 data set. Both of them were downregulated in patients with mild COVID‐19 infection compared with controls but were upregulated in patients with severe COVID‐19 compared with patients with mild illness. Conclusions The NOD2 and COX6C genes might be used as prognostic biomarkers in MM. The two genes might be associated with the development of COVID‐19 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Hematology (Key Department of Jiangsu Medicine), Medical School, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Institute of Hematology Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Quality Management, Medical School, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Institute of Hematology Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Hematology (Key Department of Jiangsu Medicine), Medical School, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Institute of Hematology Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baoan Chen
- Department of Hematology (Key Department of Jiangsu Medicine), Medical School, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Institute of Hematology Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Takada R, Watanabe T, Hara A, Sekai I, Kurimoto M, Otsuka Y, Masuta Y, Yoshikawa T, Kamata K, Minaga K, Kudo M. NOD2 deficiency protects mice from the development of adoptive transfer colitis through the induction of regulatory T cells expressing forkhead box P3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 568:55-61. [PMID: 34186435 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) is an intracellular receptor for muramyl dipeptide derived from the intestinal microbiota. Loss-of-function mutations in Nod2 are associated with the development of Crohn's disease, suggesting that NOD2 signaling plays critical roles in the maintenance of intestinal immune homeostasis. Although NOD2 activation prevents the development of short-term experimental colitis, it remains unknown whether the sensitivity to long-term experimental colitis is influenced by NOD2. In this study, we explored the roles played by NOD2 in the development of long-term adoptive transfer colitis. Unexpectedly, we found that Rag1-/-Nod2-/- mice were more resistant to adoptive transfer colitis than Rag1-/- mice and had reduced proinflammatory cytokine responses and enhanced accumulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing forkhead box P3 in the colonic mucosa. Prevention of colitis in Rag1-/-Nod2-/- mice was mediated by TGF-β1 because neutralization of TGF-β1 resulted in the development of more severe colitis due to reduced accumulation of Tregs. Such paradoxical Treg responses in the absence of NOD2 could explain why Nod2 mutations in humans are not sufficient to cause Crohn's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Takada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Akane Hara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikue Sekai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kurimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Otsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Masuta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoe Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Kamata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Minaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Honjo H, Watanabe T, Kamata K, Minaga K, Kudo M. RIPK2 as a New Therapeutic Target in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:650403. [PMID: 33935757 PMCID: PMC8079979 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.650403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are becoming more frequent worldwide. A significant fraction of patients with IBD are refractory to various types of therapeutic biologics and small molecules. Therefore, identification of novel therapeutic targets in IBD is required. Receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 (RIPK2), also known as receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2), is a downstream signaling molecule for nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1), NOD2, and Toll-like receptors (TLRs). RIPK2 is expressed in antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells and macrophages. Recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns by NOD1, NOD2, and TLRs leads to the interaction between RIPK2 and these innate immune receptors, followed by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12/23p40 through the activation of nuclear factor kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Thus, activation of RIPK2 plays a critical role in host defense against microbial infections. Recent experimental and clinical studies have provided evidence that activation of RIPK2 is involved in the development of autoimmune diseases, especially IBDs. In addition, the colonic mucosa of patients with IBD exhibits enhanced expression of RIPK2 and associated signaling molecules. Furthermore, the blockage of RIPK2 activation ameliorates the development of experimental murine colitis. Thus, activation of RIPK2 underlies IBD immunopathogenesis. In this review, we attempt to clarify the roles played by RIPK2 in the development of IBD by focusing on its associated signaling pathways. We also discuss the possibility of using RIPK2 as a new therapeutic target in IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Honjo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Ken Kamata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Kosuke Minaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cho SH, Shim HJ, Park MR, Choi JN, Akanda MR, Hwang JE, Bae WK, Lee KH, Sun EG, Chung IJ. Lgals3bp suppresses colon inflammation and tumorigenesis through the downregulation of TAK1-NF-κB signaling. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:65. [PMID: 33824294 PMCID: PMC8024364 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00447-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin 3-binding protein (LGALS3BP, also known as 90K) is a multifunctional glycoprotein involved in immunity and cancer. However, its precise role in colon inflammation and tumorigenesis remains unclear. Here, we showed that Lgals3bp-/- mice were highly susceptible to colitis and colon tumorigenesis, accompanied by the induction of inflammatory responses. In acute colitis, NF-κB was highly activated in the colon of Lgals3bp-/- mice, leading to the excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, TNFα, and IL-1β. Mechanistically, Lgals3bp suppressed NF-κB through the downregulation of TAK1 in colon epithelial cells. There was no significant difference in the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels between wild-type and Lgals3bp-/- mice in a chronic inflammatory state, during colon tumorigenesis. Instead, Lgals3bp-/- mice showed elevated levels of GM-CSF, compared to those in WT mice. We also found that GM-CSF promoted the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and ultimately increased colon tumorigenesis in Lgals3bp-/- mice. Taken together, Lgals3bp plays a critical role in the suppression of colitis and colon tumorigenesis through the downregulation of the TAK1-NF-κB-cytokine axis. These findings suggest that LGALS3BP is a novel immunotherapeutic target for colon inflammation and tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hee Cho
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
- Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Shim
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ra Park
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Na Choi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Rashedunnabi Akanda
- Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy MRC Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Jun-Eul Hwang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Kyun Bae
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
- Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy MRC Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Lee
- Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
- Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy MRC Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Gene Sun
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ik-Joo Chung
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea.
- Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Khan S, Shafiei MS, Longoria C, Schoggins J, Savani RC, Zaki H. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces inflammation via TLR2-dependent activation of the NF-κB pathway. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33758854 PMCID: PMC7987013 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.16.435700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis of COVID-19 is associated with a hyperinflammatory response; however, the precise mechanism of SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation is poorly understood. Here we investigated direct inflammatory functions of major structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2. We observed that spike (S) protein potently induces inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including IL-6, IL-1β, TNFα, CXCL1, CXCL2, and CCL2, but not IFNs in human and mouse macrophages. No such inflammatory response was observed in response to membrane (M), envelope (E), and neucleocapsid (N) proteins. When stimulated with extracellular S protein, human lung epithelial cells A549 also produce inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Interestingly, epithelial cells expressing S protein intracellularly are non-inflammatory, but elicit an inflammatory response in macrophages when co-cultured. Biochemical studies revealed that S protein triggers inflammation via activation of the NF-κB pathway in a MyD88-dependent manner. Further, such an activation of the NF-κB pathway is abrogated in Tlr2-deficient macrophages. Consistently, administration of S protein induces IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in wild-type, but not Tlr2-deficient mice. Together these data reveal a mechanism for the cytokine storm during SARS-CoV-2 infection and suggest that TLR2 could be a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19.
Collapse
|
47
|
LncRNA HOTAIR regulates glucose transporter Glut1 expression and glucose uptake in macrophages during inflammation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:232. [PMID: 33420270 PMCID: PMC7794310 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80291-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays central roles in the immune response. Inflammatory response normally requires higher energy and therefore is associated with glucose metabolism. Our recent study demonstrates that lncRNA HOTAIR plays key roles in NF-kB activation, cytokine expression, and inflammation. Here, we investigated if HOTAIR plays any role in the regulation of glucose metabolism in immune cells during inflammation. Our results demonstrate that LPS-induced inflammation induces the expression of glucose transporter isoform 1 (Glut1) which controls the glucose uptake in macrophages. LPS-induced Glut1 expression is regulated via NF-kB activation. Importantly, siRNA-mediated knockdown of HOTAIR suppressed the LPS-induced expression of Glut1 suggesting key roles of HOTAIR in LPS-induced Glut1 expression in macrophage. HOTAIR induces NF-kB activation, which in turn increases Glut1 expression in response to LPS. We also found that HOTAIR regulates glucose uptake in macrophages during LPS-induced inflammation and its knockdown decreases LPS-induced increased glucose uptake. HOTAIR also regulates other upstream regulators of glucose metabolism such as PTEN and HIF1α, suggesting its multimodal functions in glucose metabolism. Overall, our study demonstrated that lncRNA HOTAIR plays key roles in LPS-induced Glut1 expression and glucose uptake by activating NF-kB and hence HOTAIR regulates metabolic programming in immune cells potentially to meet the energy needs during the immune response.
Collapse
|
48
|
Hepatic NOD2 promotes hepatocarcinogenesis via a RIP2-mediated proinflammatory response and a novel nuclear autophagy-mediated DNA damage mechanism. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:9. [PMID: 33413510 PMCID: PMC7791875 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-01028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Key hepatic molecules linking gut dysbiosis and hepatocarcinogenesis remain largely unknown. Gut-derived gut microbiota contains pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that may circulate into the liver and, consequently, be recognized by hepatic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). NOD2, a general intracellular PRR, recognizes muramyl dipeptide (MDP), present in both gram (+) and gram (−) bacteria. Here, we investigated the role of NOD2 as a molecular sensor translating gut dysbiosis signaling into hepatocarcinogenesis. Methods NOD2 expression was measured in clinical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples using qPCR (80 pairs), western blotting (30 pairs) and immunostaining (141 pairs). The role of NOD2 in hepatocarcinogenesis was examined in the hepatocyte-specific Nod2-knockout (Nod2△hep), Rip2-knockout (Rip2△hep), Lamin A/C-knockout (Lamn△hep) and Rip2/Lamin A/C double-knockout (Rip2/Lamn△hep) mice models of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/CCl4-induced HCC. Results NOD2 was upregulated and activated in HCC samples, and high NOD2 expression correlated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. Hepatic NOD2 deletion in vivo decreased DEN/CCl4-induced HCC by reducing the inflammatory response, DNA damage and genomic instability. NOD2 activation increased liver inflammation via RIP2-dependent activation of the MAPK, NF-κB and STAT3 pathways. Notably, a novel RIP2-independent mechanism was discovered, whereby NOD2 activation induces the nuclear autophagy pathway. We showed that NOD2 undergoes nuclear transport and directly binds to a component of nuclear laminae, lamin A/C, to promote its protein degradation, leading to impaired DNA damage repair and increased genomic instability. Conclusions We reveal a novel bridge, bacterial sensor NOD2, linking gut-derived microbial metabolites to hepatocarcinogenesis via induction of the inflammatory response and nuclear autophagy. Thus, we propose hepatic NOD2 as a promising therapeutic target against HCC.
Collapse
|
49
|
Choudhry H. The Microbiome and Its Implications in Cancer Immunotherapy. Molecules 2021; 26:E206. [PMID: 33401586 PMCID: PMC7795182 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is responsible for ~18 million deaths globally each year, representing a major cause of death. Several types of therapy strategies such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and more recently immunotherapy, have been implemented in treating various types of cancer. Microbes have recently been found to be both directly and indirectly involved in cancer progression and regulation, and studies have provided novel and clear insights into the microbiome-mediated emergence of cancers. Scientists around the globe are striving hard to identify and characterize these microbes and the underlying mechanisms by which they promote or suppress various kinds of cancer. Microbes may influence immunotherapy by blocking various cell cycle checkpoints and the production of certain metabolites. Hence, there is an urgent need to better understand the role of these microbes in the promotion and suppression of cancer. The identification of microbes may help in the development of future diagnostic tools to cure cancers possibly associated with the microbiome. This review mainly focuses on various microbes and their association with different types of cancer, responses to immunotherapeutic modulation, physiological responses, and prebiotic and postbiotic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yao J, Liu T, Chen RJ, Liang J, Li J, Wang CG. Sphingosine-1-phosphate signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway contributes to baicalein-mediated inhibition of dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in mice. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 133:292-300. [PMID: 31904729 PMCID: PMC7004614 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Baicalein has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. However, the mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory effect on colitis remain unclear. Methods: A dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced model of acute colitis was established in BALB/c mice (6–8 weeks old, weighing 18–22 g). Six groups of mice received: (1) water for 10 days (control), n = 6; (2) DSS 4% solution in the drinking water for 7 days, followed by normal water for 3 days, n = 7; (3), (4), and (5) as for group 2 plus baicalein (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) administered once daily starting on day 1, n = 6; and (6) as for (2) plus 5-aminosalicylic acid (50 mg/kg) administered once daily starting on day 1, n = 6. Body weights, stool consistency, and hematochezia were recorded, and the severity of colitis was evaluated using a disease activity index. On day 11, the mice were euthanized, and organs and blood were collected for analysis. Serum inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; CD11b-positive cells were analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy; expression of retinoic-acid-receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor gamma, sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1), and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) was detected by immunohistochemistry; and expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2), SPHK1, sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1), total STAT3, and p-STAT3 were detected by western blotting analysis. Inter-group differences were compared using Student's t test. Results: Baicalein treatment dose-dependently reduced DSS-induced weight loss (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), splenomegaly (P < 0.01), and colonic damage, as reflected by amelioration of diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and colonic ulceration, congestion, edema (shown as colon length, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and inflammatory cell infiltration. Baicalein also significantly decreased the levels of inflammatory mediators in the serum (P < 0.01) and colon, and significantly inhibited expression of NOD2 SPHK1, S1PR1, and p-STAT3 in the colon (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Baicalein treatment ameliorated colitis in mice by inhibiting S1P-STAT3 signaling, suggesting that this flavonoid might be beneficial in the treatment of colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, China
| | - Rui-Jiao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, China
| | - Jing Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273100, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, China
| | - Chuan-Gong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, China
| |
Collapse
|