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Wang D, Wang W, Song M, Xie Y, Kuang W, Yang P. Regulation of protein phosphorylation by PTPN2 and its small-molecule inhibitors/degraders as a potential disease treatment strategy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 277:116774. [PMID: 39178726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 2 (PTPN2) is an enzyme that dephosphorylates proteins with tyrosine residues, thereby modulating relevant signaling pathways in vivo. PTPN2 acts as tumor suppressor or tumor promoter depending on the context. In some cancers, such as colorectal, and lung cancer, PTPN2 defects could impair the protein tyrosine kinase pathway, which is often over-activated in cancer cells, and inhibit tumor development and progression. However, PTPN2 can also suppress tumor immunity by regulating immune cells and cytokines. The structure, functions, and substrates of PTPN2 in various tumor cells were reviewed in this paper. And we summarized the research status of small molecule inhibitors and degraders of PTPN2. It also highlights the potential opportunities and challenges for developing PTPN2 inhibitors as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenmu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mingge Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yishi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenbin Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Schwarzfischer M, Ruoss TS, Niechcial A, Lee SS, Wawrzyniak M, Laimbacher A, Atrott K, Manzini R, Wilmink M, Linzmeier L, Morsy Y, Lang S, Rogler G, Kaegi R, Scharl M, Spalinger MR. Impact of Nanoplastic Particles on Macrophage Inflammation and Intestinal Health in a Mouse Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1350. [PMID: 39195388 DOI: 10.3390/nano14161350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing presence of plastics in the human diet is raising public concern about the potential risks posed by nanoplastic (NP) particles, which can emerge from the degradation of plastic debris. NP ingestion poses particular risks to individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as compromised epithelial barriers may facilitate NP translocation. METHODS In vitro, bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were exposed to 25 nm polymethacrylate (PMMA) or 50 nm polystyrene (PS) particles to assess morphological changes and alterations in pro- and anti-inflammatory gene expression. In vivo, mice received PMMA NP particles for 6 months before acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis was induced to investigate NP impacts on intestinal health and inflammation. RESULTS PMMA and PS NP exposure in BMDMs induced morphological changes indicative of a proinflammatory phenotype characterized by enlarged amoeboid cell shapes. It also triggered an inflammatory response, indicated by increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as Tnfa and Il6. Unexpectedly, long-term PMMA NP administration did not affect the intestinal epithelial barrier or exacerbate acute DSS-induced colitis in mice. Colonoscopy and histological analysis revealed no NP-related changes, suggesting adverse effects on intestinal health or inflammation. CONCLUSION Our findings from animal models offer some reassurance to IBD patients regarding the effects of NP ingestion. However, variations in lifestyle and dietary habits may lead to significantly higher plastic intake in certain individuals, raising concerns about potential long-term gastrointestinal effects of lifelong plastic consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Schwarzfischer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tano S Ruoss
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Niechcial
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sung Sik Lee
- Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcin Wawrzyniak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Laimbacher
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Manzini
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marijn Wilmink
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luise Linzmeier
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yasser Morsy
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Kaegi
- Department Process Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne R Spalinger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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Zhang B, Sun C, Zhu Y, Qin H, Kong D, Zhang J, Shao B, Li X, Ren S, Wang H, Hao J, Wang H. Upregulation of TCPTP in Macrophages Is Involved in IL-35 Mediated Attenuation of Experimental Colitis. Mediators Inflamm 2024; 2024:3282679. [PMID: 38962170 PMCID: PMC11221972 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3282679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease with complex etiology. Interleukin-35 (IL-35), as a cytokine with immunomodulatory function, has been shown to have therapeutic effects on UC, but its mechanism is not yet clear. Therefore, we constructed Pichia pastoris stably expressing IL-35 which enables the cytokines to reach the diseased mucosa, and explored whether upregulation of T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP) in macrophages is involved in the mechanisms of IL-35-mediated attenuation of UC. After the successful construction of engineered bacteria expressing IL-35, a colitis model was successfully induced by giving BALB/c mice a solution containing 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Mice were treated with Pichia/IL-35, empty plasmid-transformed Pichia (Pichia/0), or PBS by gavage, respectively. The expression of TCPTP in macrophages (RAW264.7, BMDMs) and intestinal tissues after IL-35 treatment was detected. After administration of Pichia/IL-35, the mice showed significant improvement in weight loss, bloody stools, and shortened colon. Colon pathology also showed that the inflammatory condition of mice in the Pichia/IL-35 treatment group was alleviated. Notably, Pichia/IL-35 treatment not only increases local M2 macrophages but also decreases the expression of inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in the colon. With Pichia/IL-35 treatment, the proportion of M1 macrophages, Th17, and Th1 cells in mouse MLNs were markedly decreased, while Tregs were significantly increased. In vitro experiments, IL-35 significantly promoted the expression of TCPTP in macrophages stimulated with LPS. Similarly, the mice in the Pichia/IL-35 group also expressed more TCPTP than that of the untreated group and the Pichia/0 group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoren Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenglu Sun
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanglin Zhu
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Qin
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Dejun Kong
- School of MedicineNankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Shao
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaohua Ren
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongda Wang
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingpeng Hao
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anorectal SurgeryTianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Precise Vascular Reconstruction and Organ Function Repair, Tianjin, China
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Trefilio LM, Bottino L, de Carvalho Cardoso R, Montes GC, Fontes-Dantas FL. The impact of genetic variants related to vitamin D and autoimmunity: A systematic review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27700. [PMID: 38689997 PMCID: PMC11059421 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, there has been a notable increment in scientific literature aimed at unraveling the genetic foundations of vitamin D signaling and its implications for susceptibility to autoimmunity, however, most of them address isolated diseases. Here, we conducted a systematic review of genetic variants related to vitamin D and autoimmune diseases and we discussed the current landscape of susceptibility and outcomes. Of 65 studies analyzed, most variants cited are in vitamin D binding protein (VDBP; rs2282679 GC gene), 25-hydroxylase (rs10751657 CYP2R1), 1α-hydroxylase (rs10877012, CYP27B1) and the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily [FokI (rs2228570), BsmI (rs1544410), ApaI (rs7975232), and TaqI (rs731236) in VDR gene]. Therefore, our findings confirmed the associations of several genetic variants of vitamin D signaling with a broad spectrum of autoimmune diseases/traits. In addition, given the low number of papers found with functional analysis, further studies to elucidate the real effect that the variants exert on Vitamin D signaling are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Menezes Trefilio
- Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Departamento de Farmacologia e Psicobiologia, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto Biomédico, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Letícia Bottino
- Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Departamento de Farmacologia e Psicobiologia, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Medicina, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafaella de Carvalho Cardoso
- Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Departamento de Farmacologia e Psicobiologia, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Carneiro Montes
- Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Departamento de Farmacologia e Psicobiologia, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Fabrícia Lima Fontes-Dantas
- Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Departamento de Farmacologia e Psicobiologia, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
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Plaza J, Mínguez A, Bastida G, Marqués R, Nos P, Poveda JL, Moret-Tatay I. Genetic Variants Associated with Biological Treatment Response in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3717. [PMID: 38612528 PMCID: PMC11012229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the digestive tract usually characterized by diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and abdominal pain. IBD includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis as the main entities. IBD is a debilitating condition that can lead to life-threatening complications, involving possible malignancy and surgery. The available therapies aim to achieve long-term remission and prevent disease progression. Biologics are bioengineered therapeutic drugs that mainly target proteins. Although they have revolutionized the treatment of IBD, their potential therapeutic benefits are limited due to large interindividual variability in clinical response in terms of efficacy and toxicity, resulting in high rates of long-term therapeutic failure. It is therefore important to find biomarkers that provide tailor-made treatment strategies that allow for patient stratification to maximize treatment benefits and minimize adverse events. Pharmacogenetics has the potential to optimize biologics selection in IBD by identifying genetic variants, specifically single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which are the underlying factors associated with an individual's drug response. This review analyzes the current knowledge of genetic variants associated with biological agent response (infliximab, adalimumab, ustekinumab, and vedolizumab) in IBD. An online literature search in various databases was conducted. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 28 reports from the 1685 results were employed for the review. The most significant SNPs potentially useful as predictive biomarkers of treatment response are linked to immunity, cytokine production, and immunorecognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Plaza
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (J.P.); (A.M.)
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Mínguez
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (J.P.); (A.M.)
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Gastroenterology Department, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (G.B.); (P.N.)
| | - Guillermo Bastida
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Gastroenterology Department, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (G.B.); (P.N.)
| | - Remedios Marqués
- Pharmacy Department, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (R.M.); (J.L.P.)
| | - Pilar Nos
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Gastroenterology Department, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (G.B.); (P.N.)
| | - Jose Luis Poveda
- Pharmacy Department, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (R.M.); (J.L.P.)
| | - Inés Moret-Tatay
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (J.P.); (A.M.)
- General Directorate of Public Health, Council of Healthcare, 46021 Valencia, Spain
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Niechcial A, Schwarzfischer M, Wawrzyniak M, Atrott K, Laimbacher A, Morsy Y, Katkeviciute E, Häfliger J, Westermann P, Akdis CA, Scharl M, Spalinger MR. Spermidine Ameliorates Colitis via Induction of Anti-Inflammatory Macrophages and Prevention of Intestinal Dysbiosis. J Crohns Colitis 2023; 17:1489-1503. [PMID: 36995738 PMCID: PMC10588784 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Exacerbated immune activation, intestinal dysbiosis and a disrupted intestinal barrier are common features among inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients. The polyamine spermidine, which is naturally present in all living organisms, is an integral component of the human diet, and exerts beneficial effects in human diseases. Here, we investigated whether spermidine treatment ameliorates intestinal inflammation and offers therapeutic potential for IBD treatment. METHODS We assessed the effect of oral spermidine administration on colitis severity in the T cell transfer colitis model in Rag2-/- mice by endoscopy, histology and analysis of markers of molecular inflammation. The effects on the intestinal microbiome were determined by 16S rDNA sequencing of mouse faeces. The impact on intestinal barrier integrity was evaluated in co-cultures of patient-derived macrophages with intestinal epithelial cells. RESULTS Spermidine administration protected mice from intestinal inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. While T helper cell subsets remained unaffected, spermidine promoted anti-inflammatory macrophages and prevented the microbiome shift from Firmicutes and Bacteroides to Proteobacteria, maintaining a healthy gut microbiome. Consistent with spermidine as a potent activator of the anti-inflammatory molecule protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 [PTPN2], its colitis-protective effect was dependent on PTPN2 in intestinal epithelial cells and in myeloid cells. The loss of PTPN2 in epithelial and myeloid cells, but not in T cells, abrogated the barrier-protective, anti-inflammatory effect of spermidine and prevented the anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages. CONCLUSION Spermidine reduces intestinal inflammation by promoting anti-inflammatory macrophages, maintaining a healthy microbiome and preserving epithelial barrier integrity in a PTPN2-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Niechcial
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marlene Schwarzfischer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcin Wawrzyniak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Laimbacher
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yasser Morsy
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Egle Katkeviciute
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Janine Häfliger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Westermann
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne R Spalinger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Tang XE, Cheng YQ, Tang CK. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 as the therapeutic target of atherosclerotic diseases: past, present and future. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1219690. [PMID: 37670950 PMCID: PMC10475599 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1219690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2(PTPN2), an important member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family, can regulate various signaling pathways and biological processes by dephosphorylating receptor protein tyrosine kinases. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that PTPN2 is involved in the occurrence and development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Recently, it has been reported that PTPN2 exerts an anti-atherosclerotic effect by regulating vascular endothelial injury, monocyte proliferation and migration, macrophage polarization, T cell polarization, autophagy, pyroptosis, and insulin resistance. In this review, we summarize the latest findings on the role of PTPN2 in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis to provide a rationale for better future research and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Er Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Cheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Roca-Rivada A, Marín-Cañas S, Colli ML, Vinci C, Sawatani T, Marselli L, Cnop M, Marchetti P, Eizirik DL. Inhibition of the type 1 diabetes candidate gene PTPN2 aggravates TNF-α-induced human beta cell dysfunction and death. Diabetologia 2023; 66:1544-1556. [PMID: 36988639 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05908-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS TNF-α plays a role in pancreatic beta cell loss in type 1 diabetes mellitus. In clinical interventions, TNF-α inhibition preserves C-peptide levels in early type 1 diabetes. In this study we evaluated the crosstalk of TNF-α, as compared with type I IFNs, with the type 1 diabetes candidate gene PTPN2 (encoding protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 [PTPN2]) in human beta cells. METHODS EndoC-βH1 cells, dispersed human pancreatic islets or induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived islet-like cells were transfected with siRNAs targeting various genes (siCTRL, siPTPN2, siJNK1, siJNK3 or siBIM). Cells were treated for 48 h with IFN-α (2000 U/ml) or TNF-α (1000 U/ml). Cell death was evaluated using Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide staining. mRNA levels were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and protein expression by immunoblot. RESULTS PTPN2 silencing sensitised beta cells to cytotoxicity induced by IFN-α and/or TNF-α by 20-50%, depending on the human cell model utilised; there was no potentiation between the cytokines. We silenced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)1 or Bcl-2-like protein 2 (BIM), and this abolished the proapoptotic effects of IFN-α, TNF-α or the combination of both after PTPN2 inhibition. We further observed that PTPN2 silencing increased TNF-α-induced JNK1 and BIM phosphorylation and that JNK3 is necessary for beta cell resistance to IFN-α cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We show that the type 1 diabetes candidate gene PTPN2 is a key regulator of the deleterious effects of TNF-α in human beta cells. It is conceivable that people with type 1 diabetes carrying risk-associated PTPN2 polymorphisms may particularly benefit from therapies inhibiting TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Roca-Rivada
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre De Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sandra Marín-Cañas
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre De Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maikel L Colli
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre De Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chiara Vinci
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre De Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Toshiaki Sawatani
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre De Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre De Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre De Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
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Spalinger MR, Canale V, Becerra A, Shawki A, Crawford M, Santos AN, Chatterjee P, Li J, Nair MG, McCole DF. PTPN2 regulates bacterial clearance in a mouse model of enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E. coli infection. JCI Insight 2023; 8:156909. [PMID: 36810248 PMCID: PMC9977497 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages intimately interact with intestinal epithelial cells, but the consequences of defective macrophage-epithelial cell interactions for protection against enteric pathogens are poorly understood. Here, we show that in mice with a deletion in protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 2 (PTPN2) in macrophages, infection with Citrobacter rodentium, a model of enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E. coli infection in humans, promoted a strong type 1/IL-22-driven immune response, culminating in accelerated disease but also faster clearance of the pathogen. In contrast, deletion of PTPN2 specifically in epithelial cells rendered the epithelium unable to upregulate antimicrobial peptides and consequently resulted in a failure to eliminate the infection. The ability of PTPN2-deficient macrophages to induce faster recovery from C. rodentium was dependent on macrophage-intrinsic IL-22 production, which was highly increased in macrophages deficient in PTPN2. Our findings demonstrate the importance of macrophage-mediated factors, and especially macrophage-derived IL-22, for the induction of protective immune responses in the intestinal epithelium, and show that normal PTPN2 expression in the epithelium is crucial to allow for protection against enterohemorrhagic E. coli and other intestinal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne R Spalinger
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA.,Department for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vinicius Canale
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Anica Becerra
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Ali Shawki
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Meli'sa Crawford
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Alina N Santos
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Pritha Chatterjee
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Jiang Li
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Meera G Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Declan F McCole
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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10
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Targeting protein phosphatases in cancer immunotherapy and autoimmune disorders. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:273-294. [PMID: 36693907 PMCID: PMC9872771 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00618-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatases act as key regulators of multiple important cellular processes and are attractive therapeutic targets for various diseases. Although extensive effort has been dedicated to phosphatase-targeted drug discovery, early expeditions for competitive phosphatase inhibitors were plagued by druggability issues, leading to the stigmatization of phosphatases as difficult targets. Despite challenges, persistent efforts have led to the identification of several drug-like, non-competitive modulators of some of these enzymes - including SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase and protein phosphatase 1 - reigniting interest in therapeutic targeting of phosphatases. Here, we discuss recent progress in phosphatase drug discovery, with emphasis on the development of selective modulators that exhibit biological activity. The roles and regulation of protein phosphatases in immune cells and their potential as powerful targets for immuno-oncology and autoimmunity indications are assessed.
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11
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Wang X, Wu FP, Huang YR, Li HD, Cao XY, You Y, Meng ZF, Sun KY, Shen XY. Matrine suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation via regulating PTPN2/JNK/SREBP2 pathway in sepsis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154574. [PMID: 36610161 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Abnormal activation of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Matrine is proved to show good anti-inflammatory properties, whereas its effect and the underlying molecular machinery on sepsis remains unclear. PURPOSE The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect and mechanism of Matrine on sepsis. STUDY DESIGN THP-1 cells and J774A.1 cells were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with nigericin or adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to establish an in vitro model. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis mouse model was used. Matrine was given by gavage. METHODS To investigate the NLRP3 inflammasome activation, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced THP-1 cells were first primed with LPS and then stimulated by matrine, followed by treatment with nigericin or ATP. The concentration of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 18 (IL-18) in the cell culture supernatant was detected. The mechanism was explored by cell death assay, immunoblots and immunofluorescence in vitro. C57BL/6 mice were intragastrically administered with matrine for 5 days before CLP. The therapeutic effect of matrine was evaluated by symptoms, pathological analysis, ELISA and RT-qPCR. RESULTS Our results revealed that matrine inhibited IL-1β and IL-18 secretion, suppressed caspase-1 activation, reduced cell death, and blocked ASC speck formation upon NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, matrine restrains NLRP3 inflammasome activation as well as pyroptosis through regulating the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2)/JNK/SREBP2 signaling. Matrine also prominently improved the symptoms and pathological changes with reduced levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the lung tissues and serum in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Matrine effectively alleviates the symptoms of CLP-induced sepsis in mice, restrains NLRP3 inflammasome activation by regulating PTPN2/JNK/SREBP2 signaling pathway, and may become a promising therapeutic agent for sepsis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Minhang Hospital and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu-Peng Wu
- Department of Emergency, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Ran Huang
- Minhang Hospital and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Dong Li
- Minhang Hospital and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Yue Cao
- Minhang Hospital and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan You
- Minhang Hospital and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe-Feng Meng
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ke-Yu Sun
- Department of Emergency, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Shen
- Minhang Hospital and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Zhu Z, Tang R, Huff S, Kummetha IR, Wang L, Li N, Rana TM. Small-molecule PTPN2 Inhibitors Sensitize Resistant Melanoma to Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:119-129. [PMID: 36968224 PMCID: PMC10035454 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-21-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting T-cell immunoregulatory proteins have revolutionized cancer treatment, they are effective only in a limited number of patients, and new strategies are needed to enhance tumor responses to immunotherapies. Deletion of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (Ptpn2), a regulator of growth factor and cytokine signaling pathways, has been shown to sensitize murine B16F10 melanoma cells to IFNγ and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Here, we investigated the potential therapeutic utility of small-molecule PTPN2 inhibitors. Ten inhibitors were synthesized on the basis of in silico modeling and structure-based design and functionally tested in vitro and in vivo. We show that the inhibitors had little effect on B16F10 cells alone, but effectively sensitized the tumor cells to IFNγ treatment in vitro and to anti-PD-1 therapy in vivo. Under both conditions, Ptpn2 inhibitor cotreatment suppressed B16F10 cell growth and enhanced Stat1 phosphorylation and expression of IFNγ response genes. In vivo, PTPN2 inhibitor cotreatment significantly reduced melanoma and colorectal tumor growth and enhanced mouse survival compared with anti-PD-1 treatment alone, and this was accompanied by increased tumor infiltration by granzyme B+ CD8+ T cells. Similar results were obtained with representative murine and human colon cancer and lung cancer cell lines. Collectively, these results demonstrate that small-molecule inhibitors of PTPN2 may have clinical utility as sensitizing agents for immunotherapy-resistant cancers. Significance To enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapies in resistant or nonresponsive cancers, it is important to develop inhibitors of enzymes that negatively influence the outcome of treatments. We have designed and evaluated small-molecule inhibitors of PTPN2 demonstrating that these compounds may have clinical utility as sensitizing agents for immunotherapy-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouting Zhu
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Rachel Tang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sarah Huff
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Indrasena Reddy Kummetha
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Lingling Wang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Na Li
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tariq M. Rana
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- San Diego Center for Precision Immunotherapy, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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13
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Wang W, Song X, Ding S, Chen C, Ma H. Identifying the Mechanisms and Molecular Targets of Guchang Zhixie Pills on Ulcerative Colitis: Coupling Network Pharmacology with GEO Database and Experiment Verification. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2023; 26:2039-2056. [PMID: 36597607 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230103160151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research investigates the mechanisms and molecular targets of the Guchang Zhixie pill (GCZXP) against ulcerative colitis (UC) in silico and in vivo. METHODS The compounds and related targets of GCZXP were collected from the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database. UC targets were from Gene Expression Omnibus and GeneCards databases. Hub genes were acquired through Cytoscape. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment were performed in the David database. R packages were used to investigate the relationship between immune cells and hub genes and the diagnostic model. AutoDock was used to verify the molecular docking of the core compounds and hub genes, as well as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and IκBα. The hub genes and NF-κB pathway were verified via experiment. RESULTS In GCZXP, a total of 51 active compounds were discovered. Enrichment analysis was used to study inflammation, chemokine activity, NF-κB signalling pathway, etc. Thirteen key therapeutic targets were involved, of which included three hub genes PTGS2, IL-1β and CXCL8. Immune infiltration revealed that all of the 3 hub genes were positively correlated with M1 macrophages, neutrophils, and activated memory CD4 cells, and negatively correlated with plasma cells. In the training and validation sets, the area under the curve (AUC) of the diagnostic model developed by hub genes reached 0.929 and 0.905, respectively, indicating a good forecasting potential. The rat experiment proved that GCZXP significantly reduced the expressions of IL-1β, CXCL8, COX-2, and NF-κB p65 while increasing IκBα and Bcl-2, alleviated colonic inflammatory injury and promoted ulcer healing. CONCLUSION GCZXP reduced the release of cytokines and regulated Bcl-2 in the treatment of UC by inhibiting the NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Wang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xujiao Song
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shanshan Ding
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chunlin Chen
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hao Ma
- Aesthetic Medical School, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi, China
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14
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Genetic and Epigenetic Etiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Update. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122388. [PMID: 36553655 PMCID: PMC9778199 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease with periods of exacerbation and remission of the disease. The etiology of IBD is not fully understood. Many studies point to the presence of genetic, immunological, environmental, and microbiological factors and the interactions between them in the occurrence of IBD. The review looks at genetic factors in the context of both IBD predisposition and pharmacogenetics.
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15
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Song J, Lan J, Tang J, Luo N. PTPN2 in the Immunity and Tumor Immunotherapy: A Concise Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710025. [PMID: 36077422 PMCID: PMC9456094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PTPN2 (protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 2), also called TCPTP (T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase), is a member of the PTP family signaling proteins. Phosphotyrosine-based signaling of this non-transmembrane protein is essential for regulating cell growth, development, differentiation, survival, and migration. In particular, PTPN2 received researchers’ attention when Manguso et al. identified PTPN2 as a cancer immunotherapy target using in vivo CRISPR library screening. In this review, we attempt to summarize the important functions of PTPN2 in terms of its structural and functional properties, inflammatory reactions, immunomodulatory properties, and tumor immunity. PTPN2 exerts synergistic anti-inflammatory effects in various inflammatory cells and regulates the developmental differentiation of immune cells. The diversity of PTPN2 effects in different types of tumors makes it a potential target for tumor immunotherapy.
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16
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Tang X, Qi C, Zhou H, Liu Y. Critical roles of PTPN family members regulated by non-coding RNAs in tumorigenesis and immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:972906. [PMID: 35957898 PMCID: PMC9360549 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.972906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since tyrosine phosphorylation is reversible and dynamic in vivo, the phosphorylation state of proteins is controlled by the opposing roles of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPs), both of which perform critical roles in signal transduction. Of these, intracellular non-receptor PTPs (PTPNs), which belong to the largest class I cysteine PTP family, are essential for the regulation of a variety of biological processes, including but not limited to hematopoiesis, inflammatory response, immune system, and glucose homeostasis. Additionally, a substantial amount of PTPNs have been identified to hold crucial roles in tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance, and inhibitors of PTPNs have promising applications due to striking efficacy in antitumor therapy. Hence, the aim of this review is to summarize the role played by PTPNs, including PTPN1/PTP1B, PTPN2/TC-PTP, PTPN3/PTP-H1, PTPN4/PTPMEG, PTPN6/SHP-1, PTPN9/PTPMEG2, PTPN11/SHP-2, PTPN12/PTP-PEST, PTPN13/PTPL1, PTPN14/PEZ, PTPN18/PTP-HSCF, PTPN22/LYP, and PTPN23/HD-PTP, in human cancer and immunotherapy and to comprehensively describe the molecular pathways in which they are implicated. Given the specific roles of PTPNs, identifying potential regulators of PTPNs is significant for understanding the mechanisms of antitumor therapy. Consequently, this work also provides a review on the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in regulating PTPNs in tumorigenesis and progression, which may help us to find effective therapeutic agents for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Chumei Qi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dazhou Women and Children’s Hospital, Dazhou, China
| | - Honghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Center for Big Data Research in Health, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Honghong Zhou, ; Yongshuo Liu,
| | - Yongshuo Liu
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Honghong Zhou, ; Yongshuo Liu,
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17
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Moore EK, Strazza M, Mor A. Combination Approaches to Target PD-1 Signaling in Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:927265. [PMID: 35911672 PMCID: PMC9330480 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.927265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains the second leading cause of death in the US, accounting for 25% of all deaths nationwide. Immunotherapy techniques bolster the immune cells' ability to target malignant cancer cells and have brought immense improvements in the field of cancer treatments. One important inhibitory protein in T cells, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), has become an invaluable target for cancer immunotherapy. While anti-PD-1 antibody therapy is extremely successful in some patients, in others it fails or even causes further complications, including cancer hyper-progression and immune-related adverse events. Along with countless translational studies of the PD-1 signaling pathway, there are currently close to 5,000 clinical trials for antibodies against PD-1 and its ligand, PD-L1, around 80% of which investigate combinations with other therapies. Nevertheless, more work is needed to better understand the PD-1 signaling pathway and to facilitate new and improved evidence-based combination strategies. In this work, we consolidate recent discoveries of PD-1 signaling mediators and their therapeutic potential in combination with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents. We focus on the phosphatases SHP2 and PTPN2; the kinases ITK, VRK2, GSK-3, and CDK4/6; and the signaling adaptor protein PAG. We discuss their biology both in cancer cells and T cells, with a focus on their role in relation to PD-1 to determine their potential in therapeutic combinations. The literature discussed here was obtained from a search of the published literature and ClinicalTrials.gov with the following key terms: checkpoint inhibition, cancer immunotherapy, PD-1, PD-L1, SHP2, PTPN2, ITK, VRK2, CDK4/6, GSK-3, and PAG. Together, we find that all of these proteins are logical and promising targets for combination therapy, and that with a deeper mechanistic understanding they have potential to improve the response rate and decrease adverse events when thoughtfully used in combination with checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K. Moore
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marianne Strazza
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Adam Mor
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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18
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Wang X, Liu Y. Offense and Defense in Granulomatous Inflammation Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:797749. [PMID: 35846773 PMCID: PMC9277142 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.797749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulomatous inflammation (GI) diseases are a group of chronic inflammation disorders characterized by focal collections of multinucleated giant cells, epithelioid cells and macrophages, with or without necrosis. GI diseases are closely related to microbes, especially virulent intracellular bacterial infections are important factors in the progression of these diseases. They employ a range of strategies to survive the stresses imposed upon them and persist in host cells, becoming the initiator of the fighting. Microbe-host communication is essential to maintain functions of a healthy host, so defense capacity of hosts is another influence factor, which is thought to combine to determine the result of the fighting. With the development of gene research technology, many human genetic loci were identified to be involved in GI diseases susceptibility, providing more insights into and knowledge about GI diseases. The current review aims to provide an update on the most recent progress in the identification and characterization of bacteria in GI diseases in a variety of organ systems and clinical conditions, and examine the invasion and escape mechanisms of pathogens that have been demonstrated in previous studies, we also review the existing data on the predictive factors of the host, mainly on genetic findings. These strategies may improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying GI diseases, and open new avenues for the study of the associated conditions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Wang
- Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Histology and Pathology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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19
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Katsaounou K, Nicolaou E, Vogazianos P, Brown C, Stavrou M, Teloni S, Hatzis P, Agapiou A, Fragkou E, Tsiaoussis G, Potamitis G, Zaravinos A, Andreou C, Antoniades A, Shiammas C, Apidianakis Y. Colon Cancer: From Epidemiology to Prevention. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060499. [PMID: 35736432 PMCID: PMC9229931 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers affecting humans, with a complex genetic and environmental aetiology. Unlike cancers with known environmental, heritable, or sex-linked causes, sporadic CRC is hard to foresee and has no molecular biomarkers of risk in clinical use. One in twenty CRC cases presents with an established heritable component. The remaining cases are sporadic and associated with partially obscure genetic, epigenetic, regenerative, microbiological, dietary, and lifestyle factors. To tackle this complexity, we should improve the practice of colonoscopy, which is recommended uniformly beyond a certain age, to include an assessment of biomarkers indicative of individual CRC risk. Ideally, such biomarkers will be causal to the disease and potentially modifiable upon dietary or therapeutic interventions. Multi-omics analysis, including transcriptional, epigenetic as well as metagenomic, and metabolomic profiles, are urgently required to provide data for risk analyses. The aim of this article is to provide a perspective on the multifactorial derailment of homeostasis leading to the initiation of CRC, which may be explored via multi-omics and Gut-on-Chip analysis to identify much-needed predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Katsaounou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (K.K.); (S.T.)
| | | | - Paris Vogazianos
- Stremble Ventures Ltd., Limassol 4042, Cyprus; (P.V.); (C.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Cameron Brown
- Stremble Ventures Ltd., Limassol 4042, Cyprus; (P.V.); (C.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Marios Stavrou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (M.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Savvas Teloni
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (K.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Pantelis Hatzis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari 16672, Greece;
| | - Agapios Agapiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus;
| | | | | | | | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Department of Life Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus;
- Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
| | - Chrysafis Andreou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (M.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Athos Antoniades
- Stremble Ventures Ltd., Limassol 4042, Cyprus; (P.V.); (C.B.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Yiorgos Apidianakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (K.K.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Gootjes C, Zwaginga JJ, Roep BO, Nikolic T. Functional Impact of Risk Gene Variants on the Autoimmune Responses in Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:886736. [PMID: 35603161 PMCID: PMC9114814 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.886736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that develops in the interplay between genetic and environmental factors. A majority of individuals who develop T1D have a HLA make up, that accounts for 50% of the genetic risk of disease. Besides these HLA haplotypes and the insulin region that importantly contribute to the heritable component, genome-wide association studies have identified many polymorphisms in over 60 non-HLA gene regions that also contribute to T1D susceptibility. Combining the risk genes in a score (T1D-GRS), significantly improved the prediction of disease progression in autoantibody positive individuals. Many of these minor-risk SNPs are associated with immune genes but how they influence the gene and protein expression and whether they cause functional changes on a cellular level remains a subject of investigation. A positive correlation between the genetic risk and the intensity of the peripheral autoimmune response was demonstrated both for HLA and non-HLA genetic risk variants. We also observed epigenetic and genetic modulation of several of these T1D susceptibility genes in dendritic cells (DCs) treated with vitamin D3 and dexamethasone to acquire tolerogenic properties as compared to immune activating DCs (mDC) illustrating the interaction between genes and environment that collectively determines risk for T1D. A notion that targeting such genes for therapeutic modulation could be compatible with correction of the impaired immune response, inspired us to review the current knowledge on the immune-related minor risk genes, their expression and function in immune cells, and how they may contribute to activation of autoreactive T cells, Treg function or β-cell apoptosis, thus contributing to development of the autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Gootjes
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Regenerative Cell Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jaap Jan Zwaginga
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Regenerative Cell Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bart O Roep
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Regenerative Cell Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tatjana Nikolic
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Regenerative Cell Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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21
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Abraham C, Abreu MT, Turner JR. Pattern Recognition Receptor Signaling and Cytokine Networks in Microbial Defenses and Regulation of Intestinal Barriers: Implications for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1602-1616.e6. [PMID: 35149024 PMCID: PMC9112237 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.12.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by defects in epithelial function and dysregulated inflammatory signaling by lamina propria mononuclear cells including macrophages and dendritic cells in response to microbiota. In this review, we focus on the role of pattern recognition receptors in the inflammatory response as well as epithelial barrier regulation. We explore cytokine networks that increase inflammation, regulate paracellular permeability, cause epithelial damage, up-regulate epithelial proliferation, and trigger restitutive processes. We focus on studies using patient samples as well as speculate on pathways that can be targeted to more holistically treat patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Abraham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Maria T. Abreu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Jerrold R. Turner
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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22
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Dysbiosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Pathogenic Role and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073464. [PMID: 35408838 PMCID: PMC8998182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbe-host communication is essential to maintain vital functions of a healthy host, and its disruption has been associated with several diseases, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although individual members of the intestinal microbiota have been associated with experimental IBD, identifying microorganisms that affect disease susceptibility and phenotypes in humans remains a considerable challenge. Currently, the lack of a definition between what is healthy and what is a dysbiotic gut microbiome limits research. Nevertheless, although clear proof-of-concept of causality is still lacking, there is an increasingly evident need to understand the microbial basis of IBD at the microbial strain, genomic, epigenomic, and functional levels and in specific clinical contexts. Recent information on the role of diet and novel environmental risk factors affecting the gut microbiome has direct implications for the immune response that impacts the development of IBD. The complexity of IBD pathogenesis, involving multiple distinct elements, suggests the need for an integrative approach, likely utilizing computational modeling of molecular datasets to identify more specific therapeutic targets.
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Privitera G, Rana N, Scaldaferri F, Armuzzi A, Pizarro TT. Novel Insights Into the Interactions Between the Gut Microbiome, Inflammasomes, and Gasdermins During Colorectal Cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:806680. [PMID: 35111698 PMCID: PMC8801609 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.806680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent and deadly forms of cancer in Western countries. Inflammation is a well-known driver of colonic carcinogenesis; however, its role in CRC extends beyond colitis-associated cancer. Over the last decades, numerous associations between intestinal dysbiosis and CRC have been identified, with more recent studies providing mechanistic evidence of a causative relationship. Nonetheless, much remains to be discovered regarding the precise implications of microbiome alterations in the pathogenesis of CRC. Research confirms the importance of a bidirectional crosstalk between the gut microbiome and the mucosal immune system in which inflammasomes, multiprotein complexes that can sense "danger signals," serve as conduits by detecting microbial signals and activating innate immune responses, including the induction of microbicidal activities that can alter microbiome composition. Current evidence strongly supports an active role for this "inflammasome-microbiome axis" in the initiation and development of CRC. Furthermore, the gasdermin (GSDM) family of proteins, which are downstream effectors of the inflammasome that are primarily known for their role in pyroptosis, have been recently linked to CRC pathogenesis. These findings, however, do not come without controversy, as pyroptosis is reported to exert both anti- and protumorigenic functions. Furthermore, the multi-faceted interactions between GSDMs and the gut microbiome, as well as their importance in CRC, have only been superficially investigated. In this review, we summarize the existing literature supporting the importance of the inflammasome-microbiota axis, as well as the activation and function of GSDMs, to gain a better mechanistic understanding of CRC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Privitera
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Centro Malattie Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Unit, Unità Operativa Complessa di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘A. Gemelli’ Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Nitish Rana
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Franco Scaldaferri
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Centro Malattie Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Unit, Unità Operativa Complessa di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘A. Gemelli’ Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Armuzzi
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Centro Malattie Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Unit, Unità Operativa Complessa di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘A. Gemelli’ Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Theresa T. Pizarro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Spalinger MR, Crawford M, Bobardt SD, Li J, Sayoc-Becerra A, Santos AN, Shawki A, Chatterjee P, Nair MG, McCole DF. Loss of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 reduces IL-4-driven alternative macrophage activation. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:74-83. [PMID: 34420044 PMCID: PMC8732276 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of innate immune cells that are often divided into two major subsets: classically activated, typically pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophages that mediate host defense, and alternatively activated, tolerance-inducing (M2) macrophages that exert homeostatic and tissue-regenerative functions. Disturbed macrophage function/differentiation results either in inadequate, excessive immune activation or in a failure to induce efficient protective immune responses against pathogens. Loss-of-function variants in protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) are associated with chronic inflammatory disorders, but the effect of macrophage-intrinsic PTPN2 loss is still poorly understood. Here we report that PTPN2-deficient macrophages fail to acquire an alternatively activated/M2 phenotype. This was the consequence of reduced IL-6 receptor expression and a failure to induce IL-4 receptor in response to IL-6, resulting in an inability to respond to the key M2-inducing cytokine IL-4. Ultimately, failure to adequately respond to IL-6 and IL-4 resulted in increased levels of M1 macrophage marker expression in vitro and exacerbated lung inflammation upon infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in vivo. These results demonstrate that PTPN2 loss interferes with the ability of macrophages to adequately respond to inflammatory stimuli and might explain the increased susceptibility of PTPN2 loss-of-function carriers to developing inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne R Spalinger
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
| | - Meli'sa Crawford
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Sarah D Bobardt
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jiang Li
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Anica Sayoc-Becerra
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Alina N Santos
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Ali Shawki
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Pritha Chatterjee
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Meera G Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Declan F McCole
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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Spalinger MR, Shawki A, Chatterjee P, Canale V, Santos A, Sayoc-Becerra A, Scharl M, Tremblay ML, Borneman J, McCole DF. Autoimmune susceptibility gene PTPN2 is required for clearance of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli by integrating bacterial uptake and lysosomal defence. Gut 2022; 71:89-99. [PMID: 33563644 PMCID: PMC8666829 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alterations in the intestinal microbiota are linked with a wide range of autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), where pathobionts penetrate the intestinal barrier and promote inflammatory reactions. In patients with IBD, the ability of intestinal macrophages to efficiently clear invading pathogens is compromised resulting in increased bacterial translocation and excessive immune reactions. Here, we investigated how an IBD-associated loss-of-function variant in the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) gene, or loss of PTPN2 expression affected the ability of macrophages to respond to invading bacteria. DESIGN IBD patient-derived macrophages with wild-type (WT) PTPN2 or carrying the IBD-associated PTPN2 SNP, peritoneal macrophages from WT and constitutive PTPN2-knockout mice, as well as mice specifically lacking PTPN2 in macrophages were infected with non-invasive K12 Escherichia coli, the human adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) LF82, or a novel mouse AIEC (mAIEC) strain. RESULTS Loss of PTPN2 severely compromises the ability of macrophages to clear invading bacteria. Specifically, loss of functional PTPN2 promoted pathobiont invasion/uptake into macrophages and intracellular survival/proliferation by three distinct mechanisms: Increased bacterial uptake was mediated by enhanced expression of carcinoembryonic antigen cellular adhesion molecule (CEACAM)1 and CEACAM6 in PTPN2-deficient cells, while reduced bacterial clearance resulted from defects in autophagy coupled with compromised lysosomal acidification. In vivo, mice lacking PTPN2 in macrophages were more susceptible to mAIEC infection and mAIEC-induced disease. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a tripartite regulatory mechanism by which PTPN2 preserves macrophage antibacterial function, thus crucially contributing to host defence against invading bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Rebecca Spalinger
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ali Shawki
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Pritha Chatterjee
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Vinicius Canale
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Alina Santos
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Anica Sayoc-Becerra
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michel L Tremblay
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James Borneman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Declan F McCole
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, USA
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Morsy Y, Brillant N, Franc Y, Scharl M, Wawrzyniak M. Unravelling the Impact of the Genetic Variant rs1042058 within the TPL2 Risk Gene Locus on Molecular and Clinical Disease Course Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123589. [PMID: 34944097 PMCID: PMC8700574 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1042058 within the gene locus encoding tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2) has been recently identified as a risk gene for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). TPL2 has been shown to regulate pro-inflammatory signaling and cytokine secretion, while inhibition of TPL2 decreases intestinal inflammation in vivo. However, the clinical and molecular implications of this disease-associated TPL2 variation in IBD patients have not yet been studied. Methods: We analyzed the impact of the IBD-associated TPL2 variation using clinical data of 2145 genotyped patients from the Swiss IBD Cohort Study (SIBDCS). Furthermore, we assessed the molecular consequences of the TPL2 variation in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) patients by real-time PCR and multiplex ELISA of colon biopsies or serum, respectively. Results: We found that presence of the SNP rs1042058 within the TPL2 gene locus results in significantly higher numbers of CD patients suffering from peripheral arthritis. In contrast, UC patients carrying this variant feature a lower risk for intestinal surgery. On a molecular level, the presence of the rs1042058 (GG) IBD-risk polymorphism in TPL2 was associated with decreased mRNA levels of IL-10 in CD patients and decreased levels of IL-18 in the intestine of UC patients. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the presence of the IBD-associated TPL2 variation might indicate a more severe disease course in CD patients. These results reveal a potential therapeutic target and demonstrate the relevance of the IBD-associated TPL2 SNP as a predictive biomarker in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Morsy
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (Y.M.); (N.B.); (M.W.)
| | - Nathalie Brillant
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (Y.M.); (N.B.); (M.W.)
| | - Yannick Franc
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1101 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (Y.M.); (N.B.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-44-255-3419
| | - Marcin Wawrzyniak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (Y.M.); (N.B.); (M.W.)
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Cai J, Qiu J, Wang H, Sun J, Ji Y. Identification of potential biomarkers in ovarian carcinoma and an evaluation of their prognostic value. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1472. [PMID: 34734024 PMCID: PMC8506714 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in female genital organs, and its incidence rate is high. However, the pathogenesis and prognostic markers of ovarian cancer are unclear. This study sought to screen potential markers of ovarian cancer and to explore their prognostic value. Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases were used in this study. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), multivariate Cox regression and stepwise regression analysis were chosen to screen genes and construct risk model. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and an immune-infiltration analysis were performed. Results One hundred thirty two co-expressed genes were found. They involved in metabolism, protein phosphorylation, mitochondria, and immune signaling pathways. Twelve genes significantly related to the survival of ovarian cancer were identified. Eight risk genes (i.e., CACNB1, FAM120B, HOXB2, MED19, PTPN2, SMU1, WAC.AS1, and BCL2L11) were further screened and used to construct the risk model. The risk status might be an independent prognostic factor of ovarian cancer, and most of the biological functions of genes expressed in high-risk ovarian cancer were related to synapse, adhesion, and immune-related functions. The clusters of CD4+ T cells and M2 macrophages were high in high-risk status samples. Conclusions In ovarian cancer, the abnormal expression of 8 genes, including CACNB1, FAM120B, HOXB2, MED19, PTPN2, SMU1, WAC.AS1, and BCL2L11, is closely related to ovarian cancer progression, and these genes can serve as independent prognosis markers of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Cai
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiayi Qiu
- Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nantong Sixth People's Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Jiacheng Sun
- Xinglin College, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yanan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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PTPN18 promotes colorectal cancer progression by regulating the c-MYC-CDK4 axis. Genes Dis 2021; 8:838-848. [PMID: 34522712 PMCID: PMC8427258 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 18 (PTPN18) is often highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC), but its role in this disease remains unclear. We demonstrated that PTPN18 overexpression promotes growth and tumorigenesis in CRC cells and that PTPN18 deficiency yields the opposite results in vitro. Moreover, a xenograft assay showed that PTPN18 deficiency significantly inhibited tumorigenesis in vivo. PTPN18 activated the MYC signaling pathway and enhanced CDK4 expression, which is tightly associated with the cell cycle and proliferation in cancer cells. Finally, we found that MYC interacted with PTPN18 and increased the protein level of MYC. In conclusion, our results suggest that PTPN18 promotes CRC development by stabilizing the MYC protein level, which in turn activates the MYC-CDK4 axis. Thus, PTPN18 could be a novel therapeutic target in the future.
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29
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Katkeviciute E, Hering L, Montalban-Arques A, Busenhart P, Schwarzfischer M, Manzini R, Conde J, Atrott K, Lang S, Rogler G, Naschberger E, Schellerer VS, Stürzl M, Rickenbacher A, Turina M, Weber A, Leibl S, Leventhal GE, Levesque M, Boyman O, Scharl M, Spalinger MR. Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 2 controls colorectal cancer development. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:140281. [PMID: 33001862 DOI: 10.1172/jci140281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 2 (PTPN2) recently emerged as a promising cancer immunotherapy target. We set out to investigate the functional role of PTPN2 in the pathogenesis of human colorectal carcinoma (CRC), as its role in immune-silent solid tumors is poorly understood. We demonstrate that in human CRC, increased PTPN2 expression and activity correlated with disease progression and decreased immune responses in tumor tissues. In particular, stage II and III tumors displayed enhanced PTPN2 protein expression in tumor-infiltrating T cells, and increased PTPN2 levels negatively correlated with expression of PD-1, CTLA4, STAT1, and granzyme A. In vivo, T cell- and DC-specific PTPN2 deletion reduced tumor burden in several CRC models by promoting CD44+ effector/memory T cells, as well as CD8+ T cell infiltration and cytotoxicity in the tumor. In direct relevance to CRC treatment, T cell-specific PTPN2 deletion potentiated anti-PD-1 efficacy and induced antitumor memory formation upon tumor rechallenge in vivo. Our data suggest a role for PTPN2 in suppressing antitumor immunity and promoting tumor development in patients with CRC. Our in vivo results identify PTPN2 as a key player in controlling the immunogenicity of CRC, with the strong potential to be exploited for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Katkeviciute
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and
| | - Larissa Hering
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and
| | | | - Philipp Busenhart
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and
| | | | - Roberto Manzini
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and
| | - Javier Conde
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and
| | - Silvia Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Vera S Schellerer
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Achim Weber
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Leibl
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel E Leventhal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Marchelletta RR, Krishnan M, Spalinger MR, Placone TW, Alvarez R, Sayoc-Becerra A, Canale V, Shawki A, Park YS, Bernts LH, Myers S, Tremblay ML, Barrett KE, Krystofiak E, Kachar B, McGovern DP, Weber CR, Hanson EM, Eckmann L, McCole DF. T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase protects intestinal barrier function by restricting epithelial tight junction remodeling. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:138230. [PMID: 34623320 DOI: 10.1172/jci138230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies revealed that loss-of-function mutations in protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) increase the risk of developing chronic immune diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and celiac disease. These conditions are associated with increased intestinal permeability as an early etiological event. The aim of this study was to examine the consequences of deficient activity of the PTPN2 gene product, T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP), on intestinal barrier function and tight junction organization in vivo and in vitro. Here, we demonstrate that TCPTP protected against intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by the inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ by 2 mechanisms: it maintained localization of zonula occludens 1 and occludin at apical tight junctions and restricted both expression and insertion of the cation pore-forming transmembrane protein, claudin-2, at tight junctions through upregulation of the inhibitory cysteine protease, matriptase. We also confirmed that the loss-of-function PTPN2 rs1893217 SNP was associated with increased intestinal claudin-2 expression in patients with IBD. Moreover, elevated claudin-2 levels and paracellular electrolyte flux in TCPTP-deficient intestinal epithelial cells were normalized by recombinant matriptase. Our findings uncover distinct and critical roles for epithelial TCPTP in preserving intestinal barrier integrity, thereby proposing a mechanism by which PTPN2 mutations contribute to IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald R Marchelletta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Moorthy Krishnan
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Marianne R Spalinger
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Taylaur W Placone
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rocio Alvarez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Anica Sayoc-Becerra
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Vinicius Canale
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Ali Shawki
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Young Su Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lucas Hp Bernts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Stephen Myers
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michel L Tremblay
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kim E Barrett
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Evan Krystofiak
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bechara Kachar
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dermot Pb McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Elaine M Hanson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lars Eckmann
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Declan F McCole
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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Yang H, Han X, Hao Z. An Immune-Gene-Based Classifier Predicts Prognosis in Patients With Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:679474. [PMID: 34291084 PMCID: PMC8289438 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.679474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Immunity plays a vital role in the human papilloma virus (HPV) persistent infection, and closely associates with occurrence and development of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). Herein, we performed an integrated bioinformatics analysis to establish an immune-gene signature and immune-associated nomogram for predicting prognosis of CSCC patients. Methods: The list of immunity-associated genes was retrieved from ImmPort database. The gene and clinical information of CSCC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) website. The immune gene signature for predicting overall survival (OS) of CSCC patients was constructed using the univariate Cox-regression analysis, random survival forests, and multivariate Cox-regression analysis. This signature was externally validated in GSE44001 cohort from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Then, based on the established signature and the TCGA cohort with the corresponding clinical information, a nomogram was constructed and evaluated via Cox regression analysis, concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration plots and decision curve analyses (DCAs). Results: A 5-immune-gene prognostic signature for CSCC was established. Low expression of ICOS, ISG20 and high expression of ANGPTL4, SBDS, LTBR were risk factors for CSCC prognosis indicating poor OS. Based on this signature, the OS was significantly worse in high-risk group than in low-risk group (p-value < 0.001), the area under curves (AUCs) for 1-, 3-, 5-years OS were, respectively, 0.784, 0.727, and 0.715. A nomogram incorporating the risk score of signature and the clinical stage was constructed. The C-index of this nomogram was 0.76. AUC values were 0.811, 0.717, and 0.712 for 1-, 3-, 5-years OS. The nomogram showed good calibration and gained more net benefits than the 5-immune-gene signature and the clinical stage. Conclusion: The 5-immune-gene signature may serve as a novel, independent predictor for prognosis in patients with CSCC. The nomogram incorporating the signature risk score and clinical stage improved the predictive performance than the signature and clinical stage alone for predicting 1-year OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Han
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zengping Hao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Ritchey B, Hai Q, Han J, Barnard J, Smith JD. Genetic variant in 3' untranslated region of the mouse pycard gene regulates inflammasome activity. eLife 2021; 10:e68203. [PMID: 34197316 PMCID: PMC8248980 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative trait locus mapping for interleukin-1β release after inflammasome priming and activation was performed on bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) from an AKRxDBA/2 mouse strain intercross. The strongest associated locus mapped very close to the Pycard gene on chromosome 7, which codes for the inflammasome adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC). The DBA/2 and AKR Pycard genes only differ at a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in their 3' untranslated region (UTR). DBA/2 vs. AKR BMDM had increased levels of Pycard mRNA expression and ASC protein, and increased inflammasome speck formation, which was associated with increased Pycard mRNA stability without an increased transcription rate. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing was performed on DBA/2 embryonic stem cells to change the Pycard 3'UTR SNP from the DBA/2 to the AKR allele. This single base change significantly reduced Pycard expression and inflammasome activity after cells were differentiated into macrophages due to reduced Pycard mRNA stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Ritchey
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Qimin Hai
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Juying Han
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - John Barnard
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Jonathan D Smith
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
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Wang YN, Liu S, Jia T, Feng Y, Xu X, Zhang D. T Cell Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase in Glucose Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:682947. [PMID: 34268308 PMCID: PMC8276021 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.682947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP), a vital regulator in glucose metabolism, inflammatory responses, and tumor processes, is increasingly considered a promising target for disease treatments and illness control. This review discusses the structure, substrates and main biological functions of TCPTP, as well as its regulatory effect in glucose metabolism, as an attempt to be referenced for formulating treatment strategies of metabolic disorders. Given the complicated regulation functions in different tissues and organs of TCPTP, the development of drugs inhibiting TCPTP with a higher specificity and a better biocompatibility is recognized as a promising therapeutic strategy for diabetes or obesity. Besides, treatments targeting TCPTP in a specific tissue or organ are suggested to be considerably promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Wang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Shiyue Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Jia
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Yao Feng
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Dongjiao Zhang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
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Hering L, Katkeviciute E, Schwarzfischer M, Niechcial A, Riggs JB, Wawrzyniak M, Atrott K, van de Sande M, Lang S, Becher B, Rogler G, Scharl M, Spalinger MR. Macrophages Compensate for Loss of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase N 2 in Dendritic Cells to Protect from Elevated Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6820. [PMID: 34201918 PMCID: PMC8269284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 2 (PTPN2) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Mice lacking PTPN2 in dendritic cells (DCs) develop skin and liver inflammation by the age of 22 weeks due to a generalized loss of tolerance leading to uncontrolled immune responses. The effect of DC-specific PTPN2 loss on intestinal health, however, is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the DC-specific role of PTPN2 in the intestine during colitis development. PTPN2fl/flxCD11cCre mice were subjected to acute and chronic DSS colitis as well as T cell transfer colitis. Lamina propria immune cell populations were analyzed using flow cytometry. DC-specific PTPN2 deletion promoted infiltration of B and T lymphocytes, macrophages, and DCs into the lamina propria of unchallenged mice and elevated Th1 abundance during acute DSS colitis, suggesting an important role for PTPN2 in DCs in maintaining intestinal immune cell homeostasis. Surprisingly, those immune cell alterations did not translate into increased colitis susceptibility in acute and chronic DSS-induced colitis or T cell transfer colitis models. However, macrophage depletion by clodronate caused enhanced colitis severity in mice with a DC-specific loss of PTPN2. Loss of PTPN2 in DCs affects the composition of lamina propria lymphocytes, resulting in increased infiltration of innate and adaptive immune cells. However, this did not result in an elevated colitis phenotype, likely because increased infiltration of macrophages in the intestine upon loss of PTPN2 loss in DCs can compensate for the inflammatory effect of PTPN2-deficient DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Hering
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (L.H.); (E.K.); (M.S.); (A.N.); (J.B.R.); (M.W.); (K.A.); (M.v.d.S.); (S.L.); (G.R.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Egle Katkeviciute
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (L.H.); (E.K.); (M.S.); (A.N.); (J.B.R.); (M.W.); (K.A.); (M.v.d.S.); (S.L.); (G.R.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Marlene Schwarzfischer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (L.H.); (E.K.); (M.S.); (A.N.); (J.B.R.); (M.W.); (K.A.); (M.v.d.S.); (S.L.); (G.R.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Anna Niechcial
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (L.H.); (E.K.); (M.S.); (A.N.); (J.B.R.); (M.W.); (K.A.); (M.v.d.S.); (S.L.); (G.R.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Julianne B. Riggs
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (L.H.); (E.K.); (M.S.); (A.N.); (J.B.R.); (M.W.); (K.A.); (M.v.d.S.); (S.L.); (G.R.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Marcin Wawrzyniak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (L.H.); (E.K.); (M.S.); (A.N.); (J.B.R.); (M.W.); (K.A.); (M.v.d.S.); (S.L.); (G.R.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (L.H.); (E.K.); (M.S.); (A.N.); (J.B.R.); (M.W.); (K.A.); (M.v.d.S.); (S.L.); (G.R.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Marnix van de Sande
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (L.H.); (E.K.); (M.S.); (A.N.); (J.B.R.); (M.W.); (K.A.); (M.v.d.S.); (S.L.); (G.R.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Silvia Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (L.H.); (E.K.); (M.S.); (A.N.); (J.B.R.); (M.W.); (K.A.); (M.v.d.S.); (S.L.); (G.R.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (L.H.); (E.K.); (M.S.); (A.N.); (J.B.R.); (M.W.); (K.A.); (M.v.d.S.); (S.L.); (G.R.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (L.H.); (E.K.); (M.S.); (A.N.); (J.B.R.); (M.W.); (K.A.); (M.v.d.S.); (S.L.); (G.R.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Marianne R. Spalinger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (L.H.); (E.K.); (M.S.); (A.N.); (J.B.R.); (M.W.); (K.A.); (M.v.d.S.); (S.L.); (G.R.); (M.R.S.)
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35
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Cheng KJ, Mejia Mohammed EH, Khong TL, Mohd Zain S, Thavagnanam S, Ibrahim ZA. IL-1α and colorectal cancer pathogenesis: Enthralling candidate for anti-cancer therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 163:103398. [PMID: 34147647 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has been well-established as a hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC). Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) is one of the primary inflammatory mediators driving the pathogenesis of inflammation-associated CRC. This systematic review presents the roles of IL-1α in the pathogenesis of the disease. Bibliographic databases PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched for articles that addresses the relationship between IL-1α and colorectal cancer. We highlighted various mechanisms by which IL-1α promotes the pathogenesis of CRC including enhancement of angiogenesis, metastasis, resistance to therapy, and inhibition of tumour suppressive genes. We also discussed the potential mechanisms by which IL-1α expression is induced or secreted in various studies. Beyond these, the systematic review also highlights several potential therapeutic strategies which should be further explored in the future; to target IL-1α and/or its associated pathways; paving our way in finding effective treatments for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Jun Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Tak Loon Khong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Mohd Zain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Surendran Thavagnanam
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Rd, Whitechapel, E1 1FR London, United Kingdom
| | - Zaridatul Aini Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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36
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Zhao W, Hao L, Jia L, Wang J, Wang B, Huang Y, Zhao Y. TAFs contributes the function of PTPN2 in colorectal carcinogenesis through activating JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3085-3097. [PMID: 34249446 PMCID: PMC8263690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks fourth worldwide, moreover, the tumor microenvironment (TME) of CRC is quite complex, and is one of the necessary factors affecting promotion of tumor metastasis. PTPN2 is a tumor suppressor which plays an important role in cancer-related downstream molecular pathway. FSP-1 is highly-expressed in multiple types of tumor tissues and is a biomarker of stromal fibroblasts. To examine the function of PTPN2 in the metastasis of CRC, the study evaluated the co-expression level of PTPN2 and FSP-1 in CRC tissues by double staining, and demonstrated the relationship with clinical information about each patient. The roles of PTPN2 and FSP-1 were detected in vitro by proliferation and transwell assay through knockdown of expression level of PTPN2. Lower PTPN2 with higher FSP-1 expression was correlated with poor survival outcomes in CRC. TAFs contribute to the migration function of PTPN2 in CRC in vitro through inducing changes in the level of TGF-β1. Western blot and qRT-PCR assays were used to detect the mechanism of PTPN2 regulation of migration with TAFs in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, moreover, TAFs contributed the function of PTPN2 in colorectal carcinogenesis in vivo. In summary, the study shed light on the effect of TAFs contributes the function of PTPN2 in colorectal carcinogenesis through activating JAK/STAT signaling pathway. In addition, double-staining assay could give us a unique perspective from which to study TME in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Research Center for The Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesBaise 533000, China
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210006, China
| | - Lei Hao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityInner Mongolia 010059, China
| | - Lizhou Jia
- Research Center for The Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesBaise 533000, China
- Central Laboratory, Bayannur HospitalInner Mongolia 015000, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210006, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210006, China
| | - Yanqiang Huang
- Research Center for The Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesBaise 533000, China
| | - Youcai Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210006, China
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Li H, Li M, Tang C, Xu L. Screening and prognostic value of potential biomarkers for ovarian cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1007. [PMID: 34277807 PMCID: PMC8267297 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is a common gynecological malignant tumor that greatly threatens women's health, so we screened potential biomarkers of ovarian cancer and analyzed their prognostic value. Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets were used to analyze the ovarian cancer-related genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to analyze the function of ovarian cancer-related genes. The survival-related genes were screened out through the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method. Multivariate Cox regression model and stepwise regression analysis were performed to construct the risk model. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the prediction accuracy of risk score model. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and immune cell infiltration analysis were performed to investigate the biological function and immune cell infiltration. Results A total of 111 genes were found to have common effects on survival. These genes were mainly involved in metabolism, protein phosphorylation and immune-related signaling pathways. Seven risk genes (AP3D1, DCAF10, FBXO16, LRFN4, PTPN2, SAYSD1, ZNF426) were screened out. Among these genes, AP3D1 and LRFN4 are risk genes and DCAF10, FBXO16, PTPN2, SAYSD1, and ZNF426 are protective genes. These findings suggest that risk status may be an independent prognostic factor. The risk score had a high predictive value for the prognosis of ovarian cancer. In addition, GSEA revealed that the biological function of genes expressed in patients at a high risk was mostly related to immune-related function. The contents of CD4+ T cells, macrophages, myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) and neutrophils were high in samples at a high risk for ovarian cancer. Conclusions The abnormal expression of AP3D1, DCAF10, FBXO16, LRFN4, PTPN2, SAYSD1 and ZNF426 is highly related to the progression of ovarian cancer. These seven genes can be used as independent prognostic markers of ovarian cancer. This study not only adds evidence to the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer but also provides scientific basis for judging the prognosis of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Service Center of Chongchuan District, Nantong, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Binhai County, Yancheng, China
| | - Chunhui Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Surgery, Changshu Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changshu, China
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Regulatory effects of IL-1β in the interaction of GBM and tumor-associated monocyte through VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 905:174216. [PMID: 34058204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal brain tumor with high inflammation. GBM cells infiltrate microglia and macrophages and are surrounded by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Interleukin (IL)-1β, which is abundantly expressed in the tumor microenvironment, is involved in tumor progression. Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 mediate cell-cell interactions, and these cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) can be regulated by cytokines in immune cells or cancer cells in the inflammatory tumor microenvironment. In this study, we found that ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression was induced when GBM cells were treated with IL-1β, and that adhesive interaction between monocytes and GBM cells increased accordingly. The levels of soluble CAMs (sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1) were also increased in the supernatants induced by IL-1β. Furthermore, the conditioned media contained sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1, which further promoted IL-6 and CCL2 expression in differentiated macrophages. IL-1β downregulated Src homology 1 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP-1) in GBM. The expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 was regulated by p38, AKT, and NF-κB signaling pathways, which were modulated by SHP-1 signaling. The present study suggests that IL-1β-induced protein expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in GBM may modulate the adhesive interaction between GBM and monocytes. In addition, IL-1β also induced the soluble form of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in GBM, which plays a key role in the regulation of tumor-associated monocyte/macrophage polarization.
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Zhi D, Zhang M, Lin J, Liu P, Wang Y, Duan M. Wedelolactone improves the renal injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in HK-2 cells by upregulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211012665. [PMID: 33983070 PMCID: PMC8127797 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211012665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the effects of wedelolactone (WEL) on sepsis-induced renal injury in the human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2. Methods HK-2 cells were stimulated by 1 µg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to trigger renal injury in vitro. HK-2 cells were pretreated with or without WEL (0.1, 1 and 10 µM) before LPS stimulation. Protein and mRNA analyses were performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, Western blot analysis and quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. The MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to measure cell viability and the rate of cell apoptosis. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) knockdown was induced by the transection of HK-2 cells with short hairpin RNA. Results Cell viability was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner by WEL in LPS-induced HK-2 cells. WEL also decreased the levels of four inflammatory cytokines and cell apoptosis in LPS-induced HK-2 cells. The level of PTPN2 was increased after WEL treatment. PTPN2 knockdown partly abolished the inhibitory effects of WEL on cell apoptosis, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-kappaB signalling in LPS-induced HK-2 cells. Conclusion WEL improved renal injury by suppressing inflammation and cell apoptosis through upregulating PTPN2 in HK-2 cells. PTPN2 might be used as a potential therapeutic target for LPS-induced sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyuan Zhi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meili Duan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Xu Q, Zhou X, Strober W, Mao L. Inflammasome Regulation: Therapeutic Potential for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061725. [PMID: 33808793 PMCID: PMC8003415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes formed to regulate the maturation of pro-inflammatory caspases, in response to intracellular or extracellular stimulants. Accumulating studies showed that the inflammasomes are implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), although their activation is not a decisive factor for the development of IBD. Inflammasomes and related cytokines play an important role in the maintenance of gut immune homeostasis, while its overactivation might induce excess immune responses and consequently cause tissue damage in the gut. Emerging studies provide evidence that some genetic abnormalities might induce enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cause colitis. In these cases, the colonic inflammation can be ameliorated by blocking NLRP3 activation or its downstream cytokine IL-1β. A number of natural products were shown to play a role in preventing colon inflammation in various experimental colitis models. On the other hand, lack of inflammasome function also causes intestinal abnormalities. Thus, an appropriate regulation of inflammasomes might be a promising therapeutic strategy for IBD intervention. This review aims at summarizing the main findings in these studies and provide an outline for further studies that might contribute to our understanding of the role of inflammasomes in the pathogenesis and therapeutic treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226019, China; (Q.X.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaorong Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226019, China; (Q.X.); (X.Z.)
| | - Warren Strober
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Liming Mao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226019, China; (Q.X.); (X.Z.)
- Basic Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (L.M.)
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Spalinger MR, Sayoc-Becerra A, Ordookhanian C, Canale V, Santos AN, King SJ, Krishnan M, Nair MG, Scharl M, McCole DF. The JAK Inhibitor Tofacitinib Rescues Intestinal Barrier Defects Caused by Disrupted Epithelial-macrophage Interactions. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:471-484. [PMID: 32909045 PMCID: PMC7944512 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Loss-of-function variants in protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type-2 [PTPN2] promote susceptibility to inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD]. PTPN2 regulates Janus-kinase [JAK] and signal transducer and activator of transcription [STAT] signalling, while protecting the intestinal epithelium from inflammation-induced barrier disruption. The pan-JAK inhibitor tofacitinib is approved to treat ulcerative colitis, but its effects on intestinal epithelial cell-macrophage interactions and on barrier properties are unknown. We aimed to determine if tofacitinib can rescue disrupted epithelial-macrophage interaction and barrier function upon loss of PTPN2. METHODS Human Caco-2BBe intestinal epithelial cells [IECs] and THP-1 macrophages expressing control or PTPN2-specific shRNA were co-cultured with tofacitinib or vehicle. Transepithelial electrical resistance and 4 kDa fluorescein-dextran flux were measured to assess barrier function. Ptpn2fl/fl and Ptpn2-LysMCre mice, which lack Ptpn2 in myeloid cells, were treated orally with tofacitinib citrate twice daily to assess the in vivo effect on the intestinal epithelial barrier. Colitis was induced via administration of 1.5% dextran sulphate sodium [DSS] in drinking water. RESULTS Tofacitinib corrected compromised barrier function upon PTPN2 loss in macrophages and/or IECs via normalisation of: [i] tight junction protein expression; [ii] excessive STAT3 signalling; and [iii] IL-6 and IL-22 secretion. In Ptpn2-LysMCre mice, tofacitinib reduced colonic pro-inflammatory macrophages, corrected underlying permeability defects, and prevented the increased susceptibility to DSS colitis. CONCLUSIONS PTPN2 loss in IECs or macrophages compromises IEC-macrophage interactions and reduces epithelial barrier integrity. Both of these events were corrected by tofacitinib in vitro and in vivo. Tofacitinib may have greater therapeutic efficacy in IBD patients harbouring PTPN2 loss-of-function mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anica Sayoc-Becerra
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Christ Ordookhanian
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Vinicius Canale
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Alina N Santos
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie J King
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Moorthy Krishnan
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Meera G Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Declan F McCole
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
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Wang YN, Liu S, Jia T, Feng Y, Zhang W, Xu X, Zhang D. T Cell Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase in Osteoimmunology. Front Immunol 2021; 12:620333. [PMID: 33692794 PMCID: PMC7938726 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.620333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoimmunology highlights the two-way communication between bone and immune cells. T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP), also known as protein-tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 2 (PTPN2), is an intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) essential in regulating immune responses and bone metabolism via dephosphorylating target proteins. Tcptp knockout in systemic or specific immune cells can seriously damage the immune function, resulting in bone metabolism disorders. This review provided fresh insights into the potential role of TCPTP in osteoimmunology. Overall, the regulation of osteoimmunology by TCPTP is extremely complicated. TCPTP negatively regulates macrophages activation and inflammatory factors secretion to inhibit bone resorption. TCPTP regulates T lymphocytes differentiation and T lymphocytes-related cytokines signaling to maintain bone homeostasis. TCPTP is also expected to regulate bone metabolism by targeting B lymphocytes under certain time and conditions. This review offers a comprehensive update on the roles of TCPTP in osteoimmunology, which can be a promising target for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Wang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Shiyue Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Jia
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Yao Feng
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Dongjiao Zhang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
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Conde J, Schwarzfischer M, Katkeviciute E, Häfliger J, Niechcial A, Brillant N, Manzini R, Bäbler K, Atrott K, Lang S, Scharl M. Titanium Dioxide Presents a Different Profile in Dextran Sodium Sulphate-Induced Experimental Colitis in Mice Lacking the IBD Risk Gene Ptpn2 in Myeloid Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E772. [PMID: 33466682 PMCID: PMC7828807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental and genetic factors have been demonstrated to contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recent studies suggested that the food additive; titanium dioxide (TiO2) might play a causative role in the disease. Therefore, in the present study we aimed to explore the interaction between the food additive TiO2 and the well-characterized IBD risk gene protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (Ptpn2) and their role in the development of intestinal inflammation. Dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced acute colitis was performed in mice lacking the expression of Ptpn2 in myeloid cells (Ptpn2LysMCre) or their wild type littermates (Ptpn2fl/fl) and exposed to the microparticle TiO2. The impact of Ptpn2 on TiO2 signalling pathways and TiO2-induced IL-1β and IL-10 levels were studied using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Ptpn2LysMCre exposed to TiO2 exhibited more severe intestinal inflammation than their wild type counterparts. This effect was likely due to the impact of TiO2 on the differentiation of intestinal macrophages, suppressing the number of anti-inflammatory macrophages in Ptpn2 deficient mice. Moreover, we also found that TiO2 was able to induce the secretion of IL-1β via mitogen-activated proteins kinases (MAPKs) and to repress the expression of IL-10 in bone marrow-derived macrophages via MAPK-independent pathways. This is the first evidence of the cooperation between the genetic risk factor Ptpn2 and the environmental factor TiO2 in the regulation of intestinal inflammation. The results presented here suggest that the ingestion of certain industrial compounds should be taken into account, especially in individuals with increased genetic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Conde
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.S.); (E.K.); (J.H.); (A.N.); (N.B.); (R.M.); (K.B.); (K.A.); (S.L.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.S.); (E.K.); (J.H.); (A.N.); (N.B.); (R.M.); (K.B.); (K.A.); (S.L.)
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Huang Z, Liu M, Li D, Tan Y, Zhang R, Xia Z, Wang P, Jiao B, Liu P, Ren R. PTPN2 regulates the activation of KRAS and plays a critical role in proliferation and survival of KRAS-driven cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:18343-18354. [PMID: 33122197 PMCID: PMC7939389 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
RAS genes are the most commonly mutated in human cancers and play critical roles in tumor initiation, progression, and drug resistance. Identification of targets that block RAS signaling is pivotal to develop therapies for RAS-related cancer. As RAS translocation to the plasma membrane (PM) is essential for its effective signal transduction, we devised a high-content screening assay to search for genes regulating KRAS membrane association. We found that the tyrosine phosphatase PTPN2 regulates the plasma membrane localization of KRAS. Knockdown of PTPN2 reduced the proliferation and promoted apoptosis in KRAS-dependent cancer cells, but not in KRAS-independent cells. Mechanistically, PTPN2 negatively regulates tyrosine phosphorylation of KRAS, which, in turn, affects the activation KRAS and its downstream signaling. Consistently, analysis of the TCGA database demonstrates that high expression of PTPN2 is significantly associated with poor prognosis of patients with KRAS-mutant pancreatic adenocarcinoma. These results indicate that PTPN2 is a key regulator of KRAS and may serve as a new target for therapy of KRAS-driven cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangsen Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingzhu Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghe Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Tan
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruihong Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhizhou Xia
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peihong Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Jiao
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ruibao Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Castro-Sanchez P, Teagle AR, Prade S, Zamoyska R. Modulation of TCR Signaling by Tyrosine Phosphatases: From Autoimmunity to Immunotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:608747. [PMID: 33425916 PMCID: PMC7793860 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.608747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early TCR signaling is dependent on rapid phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of multiple signaling and adaptor proteins, leading to T cell activation. This process is tightly regulated by an intricate web of interactions between kinases and phosphatases. A number of tyrosine phosphatases have been shown to modulate T cell responses and thus alter T cell fate by negatively regulating early TCR signaling. Mutations in some of these enzymes are associated with enhanced predisposition to autoimmunity in humans, and mouse models deficient in orthologous genes often show T cell hyper-activation. Therefore, phosphatases are emerging as potential targets in situations where it is desirable to enhance T cell responses, such as immune responses to tumors. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about tyrosine phosphatases that regulate early TCR signaling and discuss their involvement in autoimmunity and their potential as targets for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Castro-Sanchez
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra R Teagle
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sonja Prade
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rose Zamoyska
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Sodium houttuyfonate enhances the intestinal barrier and attenuates inflammation induced by Salmonella typhimurium through the NF-κB pathway in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:107058. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kondreddy V, Keshava S, Esmon CT, Pendurthi UR, Rao LVM. A critical role of endothelial cell protein C receptor in the intestinal homeostasis in experimental colitis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20569. [PMID: 33239717 PMCID: PMC7689504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77502-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are the two forms of disorders of the human inflammatory bowel disease with unknown etiologies. Endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) is a multifunctional and multiligand receptor, which is expressed on the endothelium and other cell types, including epithelial cells. Here, we report that EPCR is expressed in the colon epithelial cells, CD11c+, and CD21+/CD35+ myeloid cells surrounding the crypts in the colon mucosa. EPCR expression was markedly decreased in the colon mucosa during colitis. The loss of EPCR appeared to associate with increased disease index of the experimental colitis in mice. EPCR−/− mice were more susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, manifested by increased weight loss, macrophage infiltration, and inflammatory cytokines in the colon tissue. DSS treatment of EPCR−/− mice resulted in increased bleeding, bodyweight loss, anemia, fibrin deposition, and loss of colon epithelial and goblet cells. Administration of coagulant factor VIIa significantly attenuated the DSS-induced colon length shortening, rectal bleeding, bodyweight loss, and disease activity index in the wild-type mice but not EPCR−/− mice. In summary, our data provide direct evidence that EPCR plays a crucial role in regulating the inflammation in the colon during colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kondreddy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center At Tyler, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, TX, 75708-3154, USA
| | - Shiva Keshava
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center At Tyler, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, TX, 75708-3154, USA
| | - Charles T Esmon
- Coagulation Biology Laboratory, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Usha R Pendurthi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center At Tyler, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, TX, 75708-3154, USA
| | - L Vijaya Mohan Rao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center At Tyler, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, TX, 75708-3154, USA.
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Spalinger MR, Sayoc-Becerra A, Santos AN, Shawki A, Canale V, Krishnan M, Niechcial A, Obialo N, Scharl M, Li J, Nair MG, McCole DF. PTPN2 Regulates Interactions Between Macrophages and Intestinal Epithelial Cells to Promote Intestinal Barrier Function. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:1763-1777.e14. [PMID: 32652144 PMCID: PMC7680443 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The mechanisms by which macrophages regulate intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) barrier properties are poorly understood. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) protects the IEC barrier from inflammation-induced disruption and regulates macrophage functions. We investigated whether PTPN2 controls interactions between IECs and macrophages to maintain intestinal barrier function. METHODS Human IEC (Caco-2BBe/HT-29.cl19a cells) and mouse enteroid monolayers were cocultured with human macrophages (THP-1, U937, primary monocyte-derived macrophages from patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]) or mouse macrophages, respectively. We assessed barrier function (transepithelial electrical resistance [TEER] and permeability to 4-kDa fluorescently labeled dextran or 70-kDa rhodamine B-dextran) and macrophage polarization. We analyzed intestinal tissues from mice with myeloid cell-specific deletion of PTPN2 (Ptpn2-LysMCre mice) and mice without disruption of Ptpn2 (controls); some mice were given injections of a neutralizing antibody against interleukin (IL) 6. Proteins were knocked down in macrophages and/or IECs with small hairpin RNAs. RESULTS Knockdown of PTPN2 in either macrophages and/or IECs increased the permeability of IEC monolayers, had a synergistic effect when knocked down from both cell types, and increased the development of inflammatory macrophages in macrophage-IEC cocultures. Colon lamina propria from Ptpn2-LysMCre mice had significant increases in inflammatory macrophages; these mice had increased in vivo and ex vivo colon permeability to 4-kDa fluorescently labeled dextran and reduced ex vivo colon TEER. Nanostring analysis showed significant increases in the expression of IL6 in colon macrophages from Ptpn2-LysMCre mice. An IL6-blocking antibody reversed the effects of PTPN2-deficient macrophages, reducing the permeability of IEC monolayers in culture and in Ptpn2-LysMCre mice. Macrophages from patients with IBD carrying a single-nucleotide polymorphism associated with the disease (PTPN2 rs1893217) had the same features of PTPN2-deficient macrophages from mice, including reduced TEER and increased permeability in cocultures with human IEC or mouse enteroid monolayers, which were restored by anti-IL6. CONCLUSIONS PTPN2 is required for interactions between macrophages and IECs; loss of PTPN2 from either cell type results in intestinal barrier defects, and loss from both cell types has a synergistic effect. We provide a mechanism by which the PTPN2 gene variants compromise intestinal epithelial barrier function and increase the risk of inflammatory disorders such as IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne R Spalinger
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Anica Sayoc-Becerra
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Alina N Santos
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Ali Shawki
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Vinicius Canale
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Moorthy Krishnan
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Anna Niechcial
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Obialo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jiang Li
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Meera G Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Declan F McCole
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California.
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Miele L, Giorgio V, Liguori A, Petta S, Pastorino R, Arzani D, Alberelli MA, Cefalo C, Marrone G, Biolato M, Rapaccini G, Boccia S, Gasbarrini A, Craxì A, Grieco A. Genetic susceptibility of increased intestinal permeability is associated with progressive liver disease and diabetes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:2103-2110. [PMID: 32807638 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Increased intestinal permeability plays a key role in the pathogenesis of fat deposition in the liver. The aim of our study was to assess whether a single nucleotide polymorphism of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) (rs2542151 T→G), involved in intestinal permeability, may be associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS AND RESULTS We recruited a prospective cohort of NAFLD subjects and matched controls. Clinical data, PTPN2 genotype and laboratory data were collected for each patient. Results were stratified according to liver histology and diabetes. We enrolled 566 cases and 377 controls. PTPN2 genotype distribution did not significantly differ between patients and controls. In the entire population, patients with PTPN2 rs2542151 T→G (dominant model) have a higher prevalence of diabetes; 345 patients (60.9%) underwent liver biopsy: 198 (57.4%) had steatohepatitis and 75 (21.7%) had advanced fibrosis. At multiple logistic regression analysis PTPN2 rs2542151 T→G was associated with T2DM (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.04-4.40, P = 0.03). Patients who underwent liver biopsy, rs2542151 T→G of PTPN2 was independently associated with severe steatosis (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.17-3.43, p = 0.01) and severe fibrosis (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.06-4.72, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION Our study shows that NAFLD patients with rs2542151 T→G of PTPN2 have a higher severity of fatty liver disease and a higher prevalence of T2DM. These results suggest that individual genetic susceptibility to intestinal permeability could play a role in liver disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Miele
- University Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Public Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Liguori
- University Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Petta
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta Pastorino
- University Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Arzani
- University Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria A Alberelli
- University Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Consuelo Cefalo
- University Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marrone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Biolato
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianludovico Rapaccini
- University Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Public Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; University Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- University Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Craxì
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Grieco
- University Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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50
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Qiao S, Lv C, Tao Y, Miao Y, Zhu Y, Zhang W, Sun D, Yun X, Xia Y, Wei Z, Dai Y. Arctigenin disrupts NLRP3 inflammasome assembly in colonic macrophages via downregulating fatty acid oxidation to prevent colitis-associated cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 491:162-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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