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Carmen-Orozco RP, Tsao W, Ye Y, Sinha IR, Chang K, Trinh VT, Chung W, Bowden K, Troncoso JC, Blackshaw S, Hayes LR, Sun S, Wong PC, Ling JP. Elevated nuclear TDP-43 induces constitutive exon skipping. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:45. [PMID: 38853250 PMCID: PMC11163724 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00732-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytoplasmic inclusions and loss of nuclear TDP-43 are key pathological features found in several neurodegenerative disorders, suggesting both gain- and loss-of-function mechanisms of disease. To study gain-of-function, TDP-43 overexpression has been used to generate in vitro and in vivo model systems. METHODS We analyzed RNA-seq datasets from mouse and human neurons overexpressing TDP-43 to explore species specific splicing patterns. We explored the dynamics between TDP-43 levels and exon repression in vitro. Furthermore we analyzed human brain samples and publicly available RNA datasets to explore the relationship between exon repression and disease. RESULTS Our study shows that excessive levels of nuclear TDP-43 protein lead to constitutive exon skipping that is largely species-specific. Furthermore, while aberrant exon skipping is detected in some human brains, it is not correlated with disease, unlike the incorporation of cryptic exons that occurs after loss of TDP-43. CONCLUSIONS Our findings emphasize the need for caution in interpreting TDP-43 overexpression data and stress the importance of controlling for exon skipping when generating models of TDP-43 proteinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogger P Carmen-Orozco
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - William Tsao
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yingzhi Ye
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Irika R Sinha
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Koping Chang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Vickie T Trinh
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - William Chung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kyra Bowden
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Lindsey R Hayes
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Shuying Sun
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Philip C Wong
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jonathan P Ling
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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2
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Deng X, Seguinot BO, Bradshaw G, Lee JS, Coy S, Kalocsay M, Santagata S, Mitchison T. STMND1 is a phylogenetically ancient stathmin which localizes to motile cilia and exhibits nuclear translocation that is inhibited when soluble tubulin concentration increases. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar82. [PMID: 38630521 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-12-0514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Stathmins are small, unstructured proteins that bind tubulin dimers and are implicated in several human diseases, but whose function remains unknown. We characterized a new stathmin, STMND1 (Stathmin Domain Containing 1) as the human representative of an ancient subfamily. STMND1 features a N-terminal myristoylated and palmitoylated motif which directs it to membranes and a tubulin-binding stathmin-like domain (SLD) that contains an internal nuclear localization signal. Biochemistry and proximity labeling showed that STMND1 binds tubulin, and live imaging showed that tubulin binding inhibits translocation from cellular membranes to the nucleus. STMND1 is highly expressed in multiciliated epithelial cells, where it localizes to motile cilia. Overexpression in a model system increased the length of primary cilia. Our study suggests that the most ancient stathmins have cilium-related functions that involve sensing soluble tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Deng
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Bryan O Seguinot
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Gary Bradshaw
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jong Suk Lee
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Shannon Coy
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Marian Kalocsay
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Timothy Mitchison
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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3
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Lang Y, Wang Q, Li R, Zhou X, Lin H, Xie Z, Li M, Su K, Xu J, Wang J, Yang X, Yang G, Teng Y. Generation of the Stmn2-Cre ERT2 mouse line targeting arterial endothelial cells. J Genet Genomics 2024:S1673-8527(24)00120-6. [PMID: 38825038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Lang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qingye Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Rongyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xuetao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Huisang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhongliang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Kecao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Guan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China.
| | - Yan Teng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China.
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4
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Salzinger A, Ramesh V, Das Sharma S, Chandran S, Thangaraj Selvaraj B. Neuronal Circuit Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cells 2024; 13:792. [PMID: 38786016 PMCID: PMC11120636 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary neural circuit affected in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients is the corticospinal motor circuit, originating in upper motor neurons (UMNs) in the cerebral motor cortex which descend to synapse with the lower motor neurons (LMNs) in the spinal cord to ultimately innervate the skeletal muscle. Perturbation of these neural circuits and consequent loss of both UMNs and LMNs, leading to muscle wastage and impaired movement, is the key pathophysiology observed. Despite decades of research, we are still lacking in ALS disease-modifying treatments. In this review, we document the current research from patient studies, rodent models, and human stem cell models in understanding the mechanisms of corticomotor circuit dysfunction and its implication in ALS. We summarize the current knowledge about cortical UMN dysfunction and degeneration, altered excitability in LMNs, neuromuscular junction degeneration, and the non-cell autonomous role of glial cells in motor circuit dysfunction in relation to ALS. We further highlight the advances in human stem cell technology to model the complex neural circuitry and how these can aid in future studies to better understand the mechanisms of neural circuit dysfunction underpinning ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Salzinger
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (A.S.); (V.R.); (S.D.S.); (S.C.)
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Vidya Ramesh
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (A.S.); (V.R.); (S.D.S.); (S.C.)
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Shreya Das Sharma
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (A.S.); (V.R.); (S.D.S.); (S.C.)
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (A.S.); (V.R.); (S.D.S.); (S.C.)
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic (ARRNC), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Bhuvaneish Thangaraj Selvaraj
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (A.S.); (V.R.); (S.D.S.); (S.C.)
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic (ARRNC), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
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5
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Zhao R, Deng X, Dong J, Liang C, Yang X, Tang Y, Du J, Ge Z, Wang D, Shen Y, Jiang L, Lin W, Zhu T, Wang G. Highly Bioadaptable Hybrid Conduits with Spatially Bidirectional Structure for Precision Nerve Fiber Regeneration via Gene Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309306. [PMID: 38483934 PMCID: PMC11109652 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve deficits give rise to motor and sensory impairments within the limb. The clinical restoration of extensive segmental nerve defects through autologous nerve transplantation often encounters challenges such as axonal mismatch and suboptimal functional recovery. These issues may stem from the limited regenerative capacity of proximal axons and the subsequent Wallerian degeneration of distal axons. To achieve the integration of sensory and motor functions, a spatially differential plasmid DNA (pDNA) dual-delivery nanohydrogel conduit scaffold is devised. This innovative scaffold facilitates the localized administration of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) gene in the proximal region to accelerate nerve regeneration, while simultaneously delivering nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 2 (NMNAT2) to the distal region to mitigate Wallerian degeneration. By promoting autonomous and selective alignment of nerve fiber gap sutures via structure design, the approach aims to achieve a harmonious unification of nerve regeneration, neuromotor function, and sensory recovery. It is anticipated that this groundbreaking technology will establish a robust platform for gene delivery in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renliang Zhao
- Orthopedics Research InstituteDepartment of OrthopedicsWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
- Trauma Medical CenterDepartment of Orthopedics SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Xiangtian Deng
- Orthopedics Research InstituteDepartment of OrthopedicsWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
- Trauma Medical CenterDepartment of Orthopedics SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Jizhao Dong
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced MaterialsInstitute for Frontier Medical TechnologySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai University of Engineering Science333 Longteng Rd.Shanghai201620P. R. China
| | - Chen Liang
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced MaterialsInstitute for Frontier Medical TechnologySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai University of Engineering Science333 Longteng Rd.Shanghai201620P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhong Yang
- Orthopedics Research InstituteDepartment of OrthopedicsWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
- Trauma Medical CenterDepartment of Orthopedics SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Yunfeng Tang
- Head & Neck Oncology WardCancer CenterWest China HospitalCancer CenterSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Juan Du
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced MaterialsInstitute for Frontier Medical TechnologySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai University of Engineering Science333 Longteng Rd.Shanghai201620P. R. China
| | - Zilu Ge
- Orthopedics Research InstituteDepartment of OrthopedicsWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
- Trauma Medical CenterDepartment of Orthopedics SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Dong Wang
- Orthopedics Research InstituteDepartment of OrthopedicsWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
- Trauma Medical CenterDepartment of Orthopedics SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Yifan Shen
- Spine LabDepartment of Orthopedic SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310003China
| | - Lianghua Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic TraumaThe First People's Hospital of Kunshan affiliated with Jiangsu UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215300P. R. China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of GynecologyWest China Second HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Tonghe Zhu
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced MaterialsInstitute for Frontier Medical TechnologySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai University of Engineering Science333 Longteng Rd.Shanghai201620P. R. China
| | - Guanglin Wang
- Orthopedics Research InstituteDepartment of OrthopedicsWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
- Trauma Medical CenterDepartment of Orthopedics SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
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6
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Cantara S, Simoncelli G, Ricci C. Antisense Oligonucleotides (ASOs) in Motor Neuron Diseases: A Road to Cure in Light and Shade. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4809. [PMID: 38732027 PMCID: PMC11083842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are short oligodeoxynucleotides designed to bind to specific regions of target mRNA. ASOs can modulate pre-mRNA splicing, increase levels of functional proteins, and decrease levels of toxic proteins. ASOs are being developed for the treatment of motor neuron diseases (MNDs), including spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). The biggest success has been the ASO known as nusinersen, the first effective therapy for SMA, able to improve symptoms and slow disease progression. Another success is tofersen, an ASO designed to treat ALS patients with SOD1 gene mutations. Both ASOs have been approved by the FDA and EMA. On the other hand, ASO treatment in ALS patients with the C9orf72 gene mutation did not show any improvement in disease progression. The aim of this review is to provide an up-to-date overview of ASO research in MNDs, from preclinical studies to clinical trials and, where available, regulatory approval. We highlight the successes and failures, underline the strengths and limitations of the current ASO research, and suggest possible approaches that could lead to more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cantara
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Giorgia Simoncelli
- Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurological and Motor Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Claudia Ricci
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
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7
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Liu Y, Yan D, Yang L, Chen X, Hu C, Chen M. Stathmin 2 is a potential treatment target for TDP-43 proteinopathy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:20. [PMID: 38600555 PMCID: PMC11007978 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Dejun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Rehabilitation Medicine Institute of Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511499, China
| | - Xian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Chun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China.
| | - Meilan Chen
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China.
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8
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Wang X, Hu Y, Xu R. The pathogenic mechanism of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:800-806. [PMID: 37843214 PMCID: PMC10664110 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is usually characterized by focal death of both upper and/or lower motor neurons occurring in the motor cortex, basal ganglia, brainstem, and spinal cord, and commonly involves the muscles of the upper and/or lower extremities, and the muscles of the bulbar and/or respiratory regions. However, as the disease progresses, it affects the adjacent body regions, leading to generalized muscle weakness, occasionally along with memory, cognitive, behavioral, and language impairments; respiratory dysfunction occurs at the final stage of the disease. The disease has a complicated pathophysiology and currently, only riluzole, edaravone, and phenylbutyrate/taurursodiol are licensed to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in many industrialized countries. The TAR DNA-binding protein 43 inclusions are observed in 97% of those diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This review provides a preliminary overview of the potential effects of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, including the abnormalities in nucleoplasmic transport, RNA function, post-translational modification, liquid-liquid phase separation, stress granules, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, axonal transport, protein quality control system, and non-cellular autonomous functions (e.g., glial cell functions and prion-like propagation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wang
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, The Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yushu Hu
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, The Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Renshi Xu
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, The Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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9
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Martin EJ, Santacruz C, Mitevska A, Jones IE, Krishnan G, Gao FB, Finan JD, Kiskinis E. Traumatic injury causes selective degeneration and TDP-43 mislocalization in human iPSC-derived C9orf72-associated ALS/FTD motor neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.21.586073. [PMID: 38585915 PMCID: PMC10996466 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.21.586073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
A hexanucleotide repeat expansion (HRE) in C9orf72 is the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). However, patients with the HRE exhibit a wide disparity in clinical presentation and age of symptom onset suggesting an interplay between genetic background and environmental stressors. Neurotrauma as a result of traumatic brain or spinal cord injury has been shown to increase the risk of ALS/FTD in epidemiological studies. Here, we combine patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with a custom-built device to deliver biofidelic stretch trauma to C9orf72 patient and isogenic control motor neurons (MNs) in vitro. We find that mutant but not control MNs exhibit selective degeneration after a single incident of severe trauma, which can be partially rescued by pretreatment with a C9orf72 antisense oligonucleotide. A single incident of mild trauma does not cause degeneration but leads to cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43 in C9orf72 MNs. This mislocalization, which only occurs briefly in isogenic controls, is eventually restored in C9orf72 MNs after 6 days. Lastly, repeated mild trauma ablates the ability of patient MNs to recover. These findings highlight alterations in TDP-43 dynamics in C9orf72 ALS/FTD patient MNs following traumatic injury and demonstrate that neurotrauma compounds neuropathology in C9orf72 ALS/FTD. More broadly, our work establishes an in vitro platform that can be used to interrogate the mechanistic interactions between ALS/FTD and neurotrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Martin
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Citlally Santacruz
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Angela Mitevska
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ian E. Jones
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gopinath Krishnan
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Fen-Biao Gao
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - John D. Finan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Evangelos Kiskinis
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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10
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Van Daele SH, Masrori P, Van Damme P, Van Den Bosch L. The sense of antisense therapies in ALS. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:252-262. [PMID: 38216448 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Treatment of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has entered a new era now that encouraging results about antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are becoming available and a first ASO therapy for ALS has been approved by the FDA. Moreover, there is hope not only that ALS can be stopped but also that symptoms can be reversed. Until now, degrading ASOs seemed to be successful mostly for rarer forms of familial ALS. However, the first attempts to correct mis-splicing events in sporadic ALS are underway, as well as a clinical trial examining interference with a genetic modifier. In this review, we discuss the current status of using ASOs in ALS and the possibilities and pitfalls of this therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sien H Van Daele
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pegah Masrori
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip Van Damme
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.
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11
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San Gil R, Pascovici D, Venturato J, Brown-Wright H, Mehta P, Madrid San Martin L, Wu J, Luan W, Chui YK, Bademosi AT, Swaminathan S, Naidoo S, Berning BA, Wright AL, Keating SS, Curtis MA, Faull RLM, Lee JD, Ngo ST, Lee A, Morsch M, Chung RS, Scotter E, Lisowski L, Mirzaei M, Walker AK. A transient protein folding response targets aggregation in the early phase of TDP-43-mediated neurodegeneration. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1508. [PMID: 38374041 PMCID: PMC10876645 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that drive TDP-43 pathology is integral to combating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Here we generated a longitudinal quantitative proteomic map of the cortex from the cytoplasmic TDP-43 rNLS8 mouse model of ALS and FTLD, and developed a complementary open-access webtool, TDP-map ( https://shiny.rcc.uq.edu.au/TDP-map/ ). We identified distinct protein subsets enriched for diverse biological pathways with temporal alterations in protein abundance, including increases in protein folding factors prior to disease onset. This included increased levels of DnaJ homolog subfamily B member 5, DNAJB5, which also co-localized with TDP-43 pathology in diseased human motor cortex. DNAJB5 over-expression decreased TDP-43 aggregation in cell and cortical neuron cultures, and knockout of Dnajb5 exacerbated motor impairments caused by AAV-mediated cytoplasmic TDP-43 expression in mice. Together, these findings reveal molecular mechanisms at distinct stages of ALS and FTLD progression and suggest that protein folding factors could be protective in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca San Gil
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dana Pascovici
- Insight Stats, Croydon Park, NSW, Australia
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Juliana Venturato
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Heledd Brown-Wright
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Prachi Mehta
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lidia Madrid San Martin
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jemma Wu
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wei Luan
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yi Kit Chui
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Adekunle T Bademosi
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shilpa Swaminathan
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Serey Naidoo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Britt A Berning
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amanda L Wright
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sean S Keating
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Maurice A Curtis
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard L M Faull
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John D Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shyuan T Ngo
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Albert Lee
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marco Morsch
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Roger S Chung
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma Scotter
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Leszek Lisowski
- Vector and Genome Engineering Facility, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
- Translational Vectorology Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam K Walker
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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12
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Iguchi Y, Takahashi Y, Li J, Araki K, Amakusa Y, Kawakami Y, Kobayashi K, Yokoi S, Katsuno M. IκB kinase phosphorylates cytoplasmic TDP-43 and promotes its proteasome degradation. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202302048. [PMID: 38197897 PMCID: PMC10783433 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202302048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43 in neurons is a pathological feature common to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). We demonstrate that the IκB kinase (IKK) complex promotes the degradation of cytoplasmic TDP-43 through proteasomes. While IKKβ is a major factor in TDP-43 degradation, IKKα acts as a cofactor, and NEMO functions as a scaffold for the recruitment of TDP-43 to the IKK complex. Furthermore, we identified IKKβ-induced phosphorylation sites of TDP-43 and found that phosphorylation at Thr8 and Ser92 is important for the reduction of TDP-43 by IKK. TDP-43 phosphorylation at Ser92 was detected in a pattern different from that of C-terminal phosphorylation in the pathological inclusion of ALS. IKKβ was also found to significantly reduce the expression level and toxicity of the disease-causing TDP-43 mutation. Finally, the favorable effect of IKKβ on TDP-43 aggregation was confirmed in the hippocampus of mice. IKK and the N-terminal phosphorylation of TDP-43 are potential therapeutic targets for ALS and FTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Iguchi
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuhei Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Araki
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yoshinobu Amakusa
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yu Kawakami
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenta Kobayashi
- Section of Viral Vector Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokoi
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Clinical Research Education, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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13
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Khan M, Chen XXL, Dias M, Santos JR, Kour S, You J, van Bruggen R, Youssef MMM, Wan YW, Liu Z, Rosenfeld JA, Tan Q, Pandey UB, Yalamanchili HK, Park J. MATR3 pathogenic variants differentially impair its cryptic splicing repression function. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:415-436. [PMID: 38320753 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Matrin-3 (MATR3) is an RNA-binding protein implicated in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. However, little is known regarding the role of MATR3 in cryptic splicing within the context of functional genes and how disease-associated variants impact this function. We show that loss of MATR3 leads to cryptic exon inclusion in many transcripts. We reveal that ALS-linked S85C pathogenic variant reduces MATR3 solubility but does not impair RNA binding. In parallel, we report a novel neurodevelopmental disease-associated M548T variant, located in the RRM2 domain, which reduces protein solubility and impairs RNA binding and cryptic splicing repression functions of MATR3. Altogether, our research identifies cryptic events within functional genes and demonstrates how disease-associated variants impact MATR3 cryptic splicing repression function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashiat Khan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Canada
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Xiao Xiao Lily Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Canada
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michelle Dias
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jhune Rizsan Santos
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Canada
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sukhleen Kour
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Justin You
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Canada
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rebekah van Bruggen
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mohieldin M M Youssef
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ying-Wooi Wan
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhandong Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qiumin Tan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Udai Bhan Pandey
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hari Krishna Yalamanchili
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeehye Park
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Canada
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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14
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Agra Almeida Quadros AR, Li Z, Wang X, Ndayambaje IS, Aryal S, Ramesh N, Nolan M, Jayakumar R, Han Y, Stillman H, Aguilar C, Wheeler HJ, Connors T, Lopez-Erauskin J, Baughn MW, Melamed Z, Beccari MS, Olmedo Martínez L, Canori M, Lee CZ, Moran L, Draper I, Kopin AS, Oakley DH, Dickson DW, Cleveland DW, Hyman BT, Das S, Ertekin-Taner N, Lagier-Tourenne C. Cryptic splicing of stathmin-2 and UNC13A mRNAs is a pathological hallmark of TDP-43-associated Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:9. [PMID: 38175301 PMCID: PMC10766724 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02655-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear clearance and cytoplasmic accumulations of the RNA-binding protein TDP-43 are pathological hallmarks in almost all patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and up to 50% of patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease. In Alzheimer's disease, TDP-43 pathology is predominantly observed in the limbic system and correlates with cognitive decline and reduced hippocampal volume. Disruption of nuclear TDP-43 function leads to abnormal RNA splicing and incorporation of erroneous cryptic exons in numerous transcripts including Stathmin-2 (STMN2, also known as SCG10) and UNC13A, recently reported in tissues from patients with ALS and FTD. Here, we identify both STMN2 and UNC13A cryptic exons in Alzheimer's disease patients, that correlate with TDP-43 pathology burden, but not with amyloid-β or tau deposits. We also demonstrate that processing of the STMN2 pre-mRNA is more sensitive to TDP-43 loss of function than UNC13A. In addition, full-length RNAs encoding STMN2 and UNC13A are suppressed in large RNA-seq datasets generated from Alzheimer's disease post-mortem brain tissue. Collectively, these results open exciting new avenues to use STMN2 and UNC13A as potential therapeutic targets in a broad range of neurodegenerative conditions with TDP-43 proteinopathy including Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Agra Almeida Quadros
- Department of Neurology, The Sean M. Healey and AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard University and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhaozhi Li
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - I Sandra Ndayambaje
- Department of Neurology, The Sean M. Healey and AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandeep Aryal
- Department of Neurology, The Sean M. Healey and AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard University and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nandini Ramesh
- Department of Neurology, The Sean M. Healey and AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard University and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Nolan
- Department of Neurology, The Sean M. Healey and AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard University and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rojashree Jayakumar
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Neurology, The Sean M. Healey and AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah Stillman
- Department of Neurology, The Sean M. Healey and AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Corey Aguilar
- Department of Neurology, The Sean M. Healey and AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hayden J Wheeler
- Department of Neurology, The Sean M. Healey and AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Theresa Connors
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jone Lopez-Erauskin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael W Baughn
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ze'ev Melamed
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Melinda S Beccari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laura Olmedo Martínez
- Department of Neurology, The Sean M. Healey and AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Canori
- Department of Neurology, The Sean M. Healey and AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard University and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chao-Zong Lee
- Department of Neurology, The Sean M. Healey and AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Moran
- Department of Neurology, The Sean M. Healey and AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Derek H Oakley
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Don W Cleveland
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sudeshna Das
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
| | - Clotilde Lagier-Tourenne
- Department of Neurology, The Sean M. Healey and AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Harvard University and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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15
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López-Erauskin J, Bravo-Hernandez M, Presa M, Baughn MW, Melamed Z, Beccari MS, Agra de Almeida Quadros AR, Arnold-Garcia O, Zuberi A, Ling K, Platoshyn O, Niño-Jara E, Ndayambaje IS, McAlonis-Downes M, Cabrera L, Artates JW, Ryan J, Hermann A, Ravits J, Bennett CF, Jafar-Nejad P, Rigo F, Marsala M, Lutz CM, Cleveland DW, Lagier-Tourenne C. Stathmin-2 loss leads to neurofilament-dependent axonal collapse driving motor and sensory denervation. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:34-47. [PMID: 37996528 PMCID: PMC10842032 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The mRNA transcript of the human STMN2 gene, encoding for stathmin-2 protein (also called SCG10), is profoundly impacted by TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) loss of function. The latter is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Using a combination of approaches, including transient antisense oligonucleotide-mediated suppression, sustained shRNA-induced depletion in aging mice, and germline deletion, we show that stathmin-2 has an important role in the establishment and maintenance of neurofilament-dependent axoplasmic organization that is critical for preserving the caliber and conduction velocity of myelinated large-diameter axons. Persistent stathmin-2 loss in adult mice results in pathologies found in ALS, including reduced interneurofilament spacing, axonal caliber collapse that drives tearing within outer myelin layers, diminished conduction velocity, progressive motor and sensory deficits, and muscle denervation. These findings reinforce restoration of stathmin-2 as an attractive therapeutic approach for ALS and other TDP-43-dependent neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jone López-Erauskin
- Ludwig Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mariana Bravo-Hernandez
- Department of Anesthesiology and Stem Cell Program and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael W Baughn
- Ludwig Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ze'ev Melamed
- Ludwig Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Melinda S Beccari
- Ludwig Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ana Rita Agra de Almeida Quadros
- Department of Neurology, The Sean M. Healey and AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Olatz Arnold-Garcia
- Ludwig Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
- CIBERNED, ISCIII (CIBER, Carlos III Institute, Spanish Ministry of Sciences and Innovation), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Karen Ling
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Oleksandr Platoshyn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Stem Cell Program and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elkin Niño-Jara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Stem Cell Program and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - I Sandra Ndayambaje
- Department of Neurology, The Sean M. Healey and AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa McAlonis-Downes
- Ludwig Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Larissa Cabrera
- Ludwig Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan W Artates
- Ludwig Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Anita Hermann
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John Ravits
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Frank Rigo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Martin Marsala
- Department of Anesthesiology and Stem Cell Program and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Don W Cleveland
- Ludwig Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Clotilde Lagier-Tourenne
- Department of Neurology, The Sean M. Healey and AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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16
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Dogan EO, Bouley J, Zhong J, Harkins AL, Keeler AM, Bosco DA, Brown RH, Henninger N. Genetic ablation of Sarm1 attenuates expression and mislocalization of phosphorylated TDP-43 after mouse repetitive traumatic brain injury. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:206. [PMID: 38124145 PMCID: PMC10731794 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01709-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), particularly when moderate-to-severe and repetitive, is a strong environmental risk factor for several progressive neurodegenerative disorders. Mislocalization and deposition of transactive response DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) has been reported in both TBI and TBI-associated neurodegenerative diseases. It has been hypothesized that axonal pathology, an early event after TBI, may promote TDP-43 dysregulation and serve as a trigger for neurodegenerative processes. We sought to determine whether blocking the prodegenerative Sarm1 (sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1) axon death pathway attenuates TDP-43 pathology after TBI. We subjected 111 male Sarm1 wild type, hemizygous, and knockout mice to moderate-to-severe repetitive TBI (rTBI) using a previously established injury paradigm. We conducted serial neurological assessments followed by histological analyses (NeuN, MBP, Iba-1, GFAP, pTDP-43, and AT8) at 1 month after rTBI. Genetic ablation of the Sarm1 gene attenuated the expression and mislocalization of phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43) and accumulation of pTau. In addition, Sarm1 knockout mice had significantly improved cortical neuronal and axonal integrity, functional deficits, and improved overall survival after rTBI. In contrast, removal of one Sarm1 allele delayed, but did not prevent, neurological deficits and neuroaxonal loss. Nevertheless, Sarm1 haploinsufficient mice showed significantly less microgliosis, pTDP-43 pathology, and pTau accumulation when compared to wild type mice. These data indicate that the Sarm1-mediated prodegenerative pathway contributes to pathogenesis in rTBI including the pathological accumulation of pTDP-43. This suggests that anti-Sarm1 therapeutics are a viable approach for preserving neurological function after moderate-to-severe rTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif O Dogan
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Ave, North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - James Bouley
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Ave, North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Jianjun Zhong
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Ave, North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ashley L Harkins
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Ave, North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Allison M Keeler
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Daryl A Bosco
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Ave, North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Robert H Brown
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Ave, North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Nils Henninger
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Ave, North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Ave, North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
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17
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Hasan S, Fernandopulle MS, Humble SW, Frankenfield AM, Li H, Prestil R, Johnson KR, Ryan BJ, Wade-Martins R, Ward ME, Hao L. Multi-modal proteomic characterization of lysosomal function and proteostasis in progranulin-deficient neurons. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:87. [PMID: 37974165 PMCID: PMC10655356 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00673-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progranulin (PGRN) is a lysosomal glycoprotein implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases, including frontotemporal dementia and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Over 70 mutations discovered in the GRN gene all result in reduced expression of the PGRN protein. Genetic and functional studies point toward a regulatory role for PGRN in lysosome functions. However, the detailed molecular function of PGRN within lysosomes and the impact of PGRN deficiency on lysosomes remain unclear. METHODS We developed multifaceted proteomic techniques to characterize the dynamic lysosomal biology in living human neurons and fixed mouse brain tissues. Using lysosome proximity labeling and immuno-purification of intact lysosomes, we characterized lysosome compositions and interactome in both human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived glutamatergic neurons (i3Neurons) and mouse brains. Using dynamic stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (dSILAC) proteomics, we measured global protein half-lives in human i3Neurons for the first time. RESULTS Leveraging the multi-modal proteomics and live-cell imaging techniques, we comprehensively characterized how PGRN deficiency changes the molecular and functional landscape of neuronal lysosomes. We found that PGRN loss impairs the lysosome's degradative capacity with increased levels of v-ATPase subunits on the lysosome membrane, increased hydrolases within the lysosome, altered protein regulations related to lysosomal transport, and elevated lysosomal pH. Consistent with impairments in lysosomal function, GRN-null i3Neurons and frontotemporal dementia patient-derived i3Neurons carrying GRN mutation showed pronounced alterations in protein turnover, such as cathepsins and proteins related to supramolecular polymerization and inherited neurodegenerative diseases. CONCLUSION This study suggested PGRN as a critical regulator of lysosomal pH and degradative capacity, which influences global proteostasis in neurons. Beyond the study of progranulin deficiency, these newly developed proteomic methods in neurons and brain tissues provided useful tools and data resources for the field to study the highly dynamic neuronal lysosome biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadia Hasan
- National Institute of Neurological, Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UK Dementia Research Institute, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Augusta University, University of Georgia Medical Partnership, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Michael S Fernandopulle
- National Institute of Neurological, Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stewart W Humble
- National Institute of Neurological, Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | | | - Haorong Li
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ryan Prestil
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kory R Johnson
- National Institute of Neurological, Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brent J Ryan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Michael E Ward
- National Institute of Neurological, Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Ling Hao
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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18
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Seki S, Kitaoka Y, Kawata S, Nishiura A, Uchihashi T, Hiraoka SI, Yokota Y, Isomura ET, Kogo M, Tanaka S. Characteristics of Sensory Neuron Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): Potential for ALS Therapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2967. [PMID: 38001967 PMCID: PMC10669304 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterised by the progressive degeneration of motor neurons, resulting in muscle weakness, paralysis, and, ultimately, death. Presently, no effective treatment for ALS has been established. Although motor neuron dysfunction is a hallmark of ALS, emerging evidence suggests that sensory neurons are also involved in the disease. In clinical research, 30% of patients with ALS had sensory symptoms and abnormal sensory nerve conduction studies in the lower extremities. Peroneal nerve biopsies show histological abnormalities in 90% of the patients. Preclinical research has reported several genetic abnormalities in the sensory neurons of animal models of ALS, as well as in motor neurons. Furthermore, the aggregation of misfolded proteins like TAR DNA-binding protein 43 has been reported in sensory neurons. This review aims to provide a comprehensive description of ALS-related sensory neuron dysfunction, focusing on its clinical changes and underlying mechanisms. Sensory neuron abnormalities in ALS are not limited to somatosensory issues; proprioceptive sensory neurons, such as MesV and DRG neurons, have been reported to form networks with motor neurons and may be involved in motor control. Despite receiving limited attention, sensory neuron abnormalities in ALS hold potential for new therapies targeting proprioceptive sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soju Seki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
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19
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Estades Ayuso V, Pickles S, Todd T, Yue M, Jansen-West K, Song Y, González Bejarano J, Rawlinson B, DeTure M, Graff-Radford NR, Boeve BF, Knopman DS, Petersen RC, Dickson DW, Josephs KA, Petrucelli L, Prudencio M. TDP-43-regulated cryptic RNAs accumulate in Alzheimer's disease brains. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:57. [PMID: 37605276 PMCID: PMC10441763 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00646-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inclusions of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) has been designated limbic-predominant, age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE), with or without co-occurrence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Approximately, 30-70% AD cases present TDP-43 proteinopathy (AD-TDP), and a greater disease severity compared to AD patients without TDP-43 pathology. However, it remains unclear to what extent TDP-43 dysfunction is involved in AD pathogenesis. METHODS To investigate whether TDP-43 dysfunction is a prominent feature in AD-TDP cases, we evaluated whether non-conserved cryptic exons, which serve as a marker of TDP-43 dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-TDP), accumulate in AD-TDP brains. We assessed a cohort of 192 post-mortem brains from three different brain regions: amygdala, hippocampus, and frontal cortex. Following RNA and protein extraction, qRT-PCR and immunoassays were performed to quantify the accumulation of cryptic RNA targets and phosphorylated TDP-43 pathology, respectively. RESULTS We detected the accumulation of misspliced cryptic or skiptic RNAs of STMN2, KCNQ2, UNC13A, CAMK2B, and SYT7 in the amygdala and hippocampus of AD-TDP cases. The topographic distribution of cryptic RNA accumulation mimicked that of phosphorylated TDP-43, regardless of TDP-43 subtype classification. Further, cryptic RNAs efficiently discriminated AD-TDP cases from controls. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results indicate that cryptic RNAs may represent an intriguing new therapeutic and diagnostic target in AD, and that methods aimed at detecting and measuring these species in patient biofluids could be used as a reliable tool to assess TDP-43 pathology in AD. Our work also raises the possibility that TDP-43 dysfunction and related changes in cryptic splicing could represent a common molecular mechanism shared between AD-TDP and FTLD-TDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Estades Ayuso
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Sarah Pickles
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Tiffany Todd
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Mei Yue
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Yuping Song
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Michael DeTure
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Leonard Petrucelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Mercedes Prudencio
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
- Department of Research, Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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20
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Pickles S, Zanetti Alepuz D, Koike Y, Yue M, Tong J, Liu P, Zhou Y, Jansen-West K, Daughrity LM, Song Y, DeTure M, Oskarsson B, Graff-Radford NR, Boeve BF, Petersen RC, Josephs KA, Dickson DW, Ward ME, Dong L, Prudencio M, Cook CN, Petrucelli L. CRISPR interference to evaluate modifiers of C9ORF72-mediated toxicity in FTD. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1251551. [PMID: 37614226 PMCID: PMC10443592 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1251551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatments for neurodegenerative disease, including Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), remain rather limited, underscoring the need for greater mechanistic insight and disease-relevant models. Our ability to develop novel disease models of genetic risk factors, disease modifiers, and other FTD/ALS-relevant targets is impeded by the significant amount of time and capital required to develop conventional knockout and transgenic mice. To overcome these limitations, we have generated a novel CRISPRi interference (CRISPRi) knockin mouse. CRISPRi uses a catalytically dead form of Cas9, fused to a transcriptional repressor to knockdown protein expression, following the introduction of single guide RNA against the gene of interest. To validate the utility of this model we have selected the TAR DNA binding protein (TDP-43) splicing target, stathmin-2 (STMN2). STMN2 RNA is downregulated in FTD/ALS due to loss of TDP-43 activity and STMN2 loss is suggested to play a role in ALS pathogenesis. The involvement of STMN2 loss of function in FTD has yet to be determined. We find that STMN2 protein levels in familial FTD cases are significantly reduced compared to controls, supporting that STMN2 depletion may be involved in the pathogenesis of FTD. Here, we provide proof-of-concept that we can simultaneously knock down Stmn2 and express the expanded repeat in the Chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72) gene, successfully replicating features of C9-associated pathology. Of interest, depletion of Stmn2 had no effect on expression or deposition of dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs), but significantly decreased the number of phosphorylated Tdp-43 (pTdp-43) inclusions. We submit that our novel CRISPRi mouse provides a versatile and rapid method to silence gene expression in vivo and propose this model will be useful to understand gene function in isolation or in the context of other neurodegenerative disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Pickles
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | | | - Yuka Koike
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Mei Yue
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Jimei Tong
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Pinghu Liu
- Genetic Engineering Core, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yugui Zhou
- Genetic Engineering Core, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Karen Jansen-West
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | | | - Yuping Song
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Michael DeTure
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Björn Oskarsson
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | | | - Bradley F. Boeve
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Keith A. Josephs
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Dennis W. Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Michael E. Ward
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lijin Dong
- Genetic Engineering Core, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mercedes Prudencio
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Casey N. Cook
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Leonard Petrucelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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21
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Menge S, Decker L, Freischmidt A. Restoring expression of Stathmin-2: a novel strategy to treat TDP-43 proteinopathies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:266. [PMID: 37433765 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01533-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Menge
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lorena Decker
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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22
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Farrawell NE, Bax M, McAlary L, McKenna J, Maksour S, Do-Ha D, Rayner SL, Blair IP, Chung RS, Yerbury JJ, Ooi L, Saunders DN. ALS-linked CCNF variant disrupts motor neuron ubiquitin homeostasis. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:2386-2398. [PMID: 37220877 PMCID: PMC10652331 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that share pathological features, including the aberrant accumulation of ubiquitinated protein inclusions within motor neurons. Previously, we have shown that the sequestration of ubiquitin (Ub) into inclusions disrupts Ub homeostasis in cells expressing ALS-associated variants superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), fused in sarcoma (FUS) and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43). Here, we investigated whether an ALS/FTD-linked pathogenic variant in the CCNF gene, encoding the E3 Ub ligase Cyclin F (CCNF), also perturbs Ub homeostasis. The presence of a pathogenic CCNF variant was shown to cause ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) dysfunction in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons harboring the CCNF S621G mutation. The expression of the CCNFS621G variant was associated with an increased abundance of ubiquitinated proteins and significant changes in the ubiquitination of key UPS components. To further investigate the mechanisms responsible for this UPS dysfunction, we overexpressed CCNF in NSC-34 cells and found that the overexpression of both wild-type (WT) and the pathogenic variant of CCNF (CCNFS621G) altered free Ub levels. Furthermore, double mutants designed to decrease the ability of CCNF to form an active E3 Ub ligase complex significantly improved UPS function in cells expressing both CCNFWT and the CCNFS621G variant and were associated with increased levels of free monomeric Ub. Collectively, these results suggest that alterations to the ligase activity of the CCNF complex and the subsequent disruption to Ub homeostasis play an important role in the pathogenesis of CCNF-associated ALS/FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E Farrawell
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Monique Bax
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Luke McAlary
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Jessie McKenna
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Simon Maksour
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Dzung Do-Ha
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Stephanie L Rayner
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian P Blair
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roger S Chung
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Justin J Yerbury
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Lezanne Ooi
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Darren N Saunders
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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23
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Thornburg-Suresh EJC, Richardson JE, Summers DW. The Stathmin-2 membrane-targeting domain is required for axon protection and regulated degradation by DLK signaling. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104861. [PMID: 37236359 PMCID: PMC10404615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Axon integrity is essential for functional connectivity in the nervous system. The degeneration of stressed or damaged axons is a common and sometimes initiating event in neurodegenerative disorders. Stathmin-2 (Stmn2) is an axon maintenance factor that is depleted in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and replenishment of Stmn2 can restore neurite outgrowth in diseased neurons. However, mechanisms responsible for Stmn2-mediated axon maintenance in injured neurons are not known. We used primary sensory neurons to interrogate the role of Stmn2 in the degeneration of severed axons. We discover that membrane association of Stmn2 is critical for its axon-protective activity. Structure-function studies revealed that axonal enrichment of Stmn2 is driven by palmitoylation as well as tubulin interaction. Using live imaging, we discover that another Stmn, Stmn3, comigrates with Stmn2-containing vesicles. We also demonstrate that Stmn3 undergoes regulated degradation through dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK)-c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling. The Stmn2 membrane-targeting domain is both necessary and sufficient for localization to a specific vesicle population and confers sensitivity to DLK-dependent degradation. Our findings reveal a broader role for DLK in tuning the local abundance of palmitoylated Stmns in axon segments. Moreover, palmitoylation is a critical component of Stmn-mediated axon protection, and defining the Stmn2-containing vesicle population will provide important clues toward mechanisms of axon maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J C Thornburg-Suresh
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Daniel W Summers
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
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24
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Rybak-Wolf A, Wyler E, Pentimalli TM, Legnini I, Oliveras Martinez A, Glažar P, Loewa A, Kim SJ, Kaufer BB, Woehler A, Landthaler M, Rajewsky N. Modelling viral encephalitis caused by herpes simplex virus 1 infection in cerebral organoids. Nat Microbiol 2023:10.1038/s41564-023-01405-y. [PMID: 37349587 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01405-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Herpes simplex encephalitis is a life-threatening disease of the central nervous system caused by herpes simplex viruses (HSVs). Following standard of care with antiviral acyclovir treatment, most patients still experience various neurological sequelae. Here we characterize HSV-1 infection of human brain organoids by combining single-cell RNA sequencing, electrophysiology and immunostaining. We observed strong perturbations of tissue integrity, neuronal function and cellular transcriptomes. Under acyclovir treatment viral replication was stopped, but did not prevent HSV-1-driven defects such as damage of neuronal processes and neuroepithelium. Unbiased analysis of pathways deregulated upon infection revealed tumour necrosis factor activation as a potential causal factor. Combination of anti-inflammatory drugs such as necrostatin-1 or bardoxolone methyl with antiviral treatment prevented the damages caused by infection, indicating that tuning the inflammatory response in acute infection may improve current therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Rybak-Wolf
- Organoid Platform, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Emanuel Wyler
- Laboratory for RNA Biology, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Tancredi Massimo Pentimalli
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin School of Integrative Oncology (BSIO), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivano Legnini
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Centre for Genomics, Functional Genomics Programme, Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Oliveras Martinez
- System Biology Imaging Platform, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Petar Glažar
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Loewa
- Organoid Platform, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Seung Joon Kim
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Andrew Woehler
- System Biology Imaging Platform, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Markus Landthaler
- Laboratory for RNA Biology, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Rajewsky
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Berlin, Germany.
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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25
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Carmen-Orozco RP, Tsao W, Ye Y, Sinha IR, Chang K, Trinh V, Chung W, Bowden K, Troncoso JC, Blackshaw S, Hayes LR, Sun S, Wong PC, Ling JP. Elevated nuclear TDP-43 induces constitutive exon skipping. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.11.540291. [PMID: 37215013 PMCID: PMC10197708 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.11.540291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic inclusions and loss of nuclear TDP-43 are key pathological features found in several neurodegenerative disorders, suggesting both gain- and loss-of-function mechanisms of disease. To study gain-of-function, TDP-43 overexpression has been used to generate in vitro and in vivo model systems. Our study shows that excessive levels of nuclear TDP-43 protein lead to constitutive exon skipping that is largely species-specific. Furthermore, while aberrant exon skipping is detected in some human brains, it is not correlated with disease, unlike the incorporation of cryptic exons that occurs after loss of TDP-43. Our findings emphasize the need for caution in interpreting TDP-43 overexpression data, and stress the importance of controlling for exon skipping when generating models of TDP-43 proteinopathy. Understanding the subtle aspects of TDP-43 toxicity within different subcellular locations is essential for the development of therapies targeting neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogger P Carmen-Orozco
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Neuroscience Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - William Tsao
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Neuroscience Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Yingzhi Ye
- Department of Physiology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Irika R Sinha
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Neuroscience Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Koping Chang
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Vickie Trinh
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Neuroscience Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - William Chung
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Kyra Bowden
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- Department of Neuroscience Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Ophthalmology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Lindsey R Hayes
- Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Shuying Sun
- Department of Physiology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Philip C Wong
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Neuroscience Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Jonathan P Ling
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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26
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Allen SP, Al Sultan A, Kabucho Kibirige E, Tonkiss E, Hamer KJ, Castelli LM, Lin YH, Roscoe S, Stefanidis N, Mead RJ, Highley JR, Cooper-Knock J, Hautbergue GM, Heath PR, Kirby J, Shaw PJ. A Y374X TDP43 truncation leads to an altered metabolic profile in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis fibroblasts driven by pyruvate and TCA cycle intermediate alterations. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1151848. [PMID: 37251807 PMCID: PMC10213779 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1151848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A p.Y374X truncation in TARDBP was recently shown to reduce expression of TDP43 in fibroblasts isolated from ALS cases. In this follow up study focused on assessing the downstream phenotypic consequences of loss of TDP43 in the context of the truncation, we have shown a striking effect on the fibroblast metabolic profile. Phenotypic metabolic screening uncovered a distinct metabolic profile in TDP43-Y374X fibroblasts compared to controls, which was driven by alterations in key metabolic checkpoint intermediates including pyruvate, alpha-ketoglutarate and succinate. These metabolic alterations were confirmed using transcriptomics and bioenergetic flux analysis. These data suggest that TDP43 truncation directly compromises glycolytic and mitochondrial function, identifying potential therapeutic targets for mitigating the effects of TDP43-Y374X truncation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott P. Allen
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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27
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Sanchez-Tejerina D, Llaurado A, Sotoca J, Lopez-Diego V, Vidal Taboada JM, Salvado M, Juntas-Morales R. Biofluid Biomarkers in the Prognosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Recent Developments and Therapeutic Applications. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081180. [PMID: 37190090 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons for which effective therapies are lacking. One of the most explored areas of research in ALS is the discovery and validation of biomarkers that can be applied to clinical practice and incorporated into the development of innovative therapies. The study of biomarkers requires an adequate theoretical and operational framework, highlighting the "fit-for-purpose" concept and distinguishing different types of biomarkers based on common terminology. In this review, we aim to discuss the current status of fluid-based prognostic and predictive biomarkers in ALS, with particular emphasis on those that are the most promising ones for clinical trial design and routine clinical practice. Neurofilaments in cerebrospinal fluid and blood are the main prognostic and pharmacodynamic biomarkers. Furthermore, several candidates exist covering various pathological aspects of the disease, such as immune, metabolic and muscle damage markers. Urine has been studied less often and should be explored for its possible advantages. New advances in the knowledge of cryptic exons introduce the possibility of discovering new biomarkers. Collaborative efforts, prospective studies and standardized procedures are needed to validate candidate biomarkers. A combined biomarkers panel can provide a more detailed disease status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sanchez-Tejerina
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Peripheral Nervous System Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institut (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network on Rare Neuromuscular Diseases (ERN EURO-NMD), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelon, Spain
| | - Arnau Llaurado
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Peripheral Nervous System Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institut (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network on Rare Neuromuscular Diseases (ERN EURO-NMD), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Sotoca
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Peripheral Nervous System Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institut (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network on Rare Neuromuscular Diseases (ERN EURO-NMD), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Veronica Lopez-Diego
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Peripheral Nervous System Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institut (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network on Rare Neuromuscular Diseases (ERN EURO-NMD), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose M Vidal Taboada
- Peripheral Nervous System Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institut (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelon, Spain
| | - Maria Salvado
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Peripheral Nervous System Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institut (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network on Rare Neuromuscular Diseases (ERN EURO-NMD), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raul Juntas-Morales
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Peripheral Nervous System Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institut (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network on Rare Neuromuscular Diseases (ERN EURO-NMD), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelon, Spain
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28
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Baughn MW, Melamed Z, López-Erauskin J, Beccari MS, Ling K, Zuberi A, Presa M, Gil EG, Maimon R, Vazquez-Sanchez S, Chaturvedi S, Bravo-Hernández M, Taupin V, Moore S, Artates JW, Acks E, Ndayambaje IS, de Almeida Quadros ARA, Jafar-nejad P, Rigo F, Bennett CF, Lutz C, Lagier-Tourenne C, Cleveland DW. Mechanism of STMN2 cryptic splice-polyadenylation and its correction for TDP-43 proteinopathies. Science 2023; 379:1140-1149. [PMID: 36927019 PMCID: PMC10148063 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq5622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Loss of nuclear TDP-43 is a hallmark of neurodegeneration in TDP-43 proteinopathies, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). TDP-43 mislocalization results in cryptic splicing and polyadenylation of pre-messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs) encoding stathmin-2 (also known as SCG10), a protein that is required for axonal regeneration. We found that TDP-43 binding to a GU-rich region sterically blocked recognition of the cryptic 3' splice site in STMN2 pre-mRNA. Targeting dCasRx or antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) suppressed cryptic splicing, which restored axonal regeneration and stathmin-2-dependent lysosome trafficking in TDP-43-deficient human motor neurons. In mice that were gene-edited to contain human STMN2 cryptic splice-polyadenylation sequences, ASO injection into cerebral spinal fluid successfully corrected Stmn2 pre-mRNA misprocessing and restored stathmin-2 expression levels independently of TDP-43 binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Baughn
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ze’ev Melamed
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jone López-Erauskin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Melinda S Beccari
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Karen Ling
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals; Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Aamir Zuberi
- Rare Disease Translation Center, The Jackson Laboratory; Bar Harbor, ME 04609
| | - Maximilliano Presa
- Rare Disease Translation Center, The Jackson Laboratory; Bar Harbor, ME 04609
| | - Elena Gonzalo Gil
- Rare Disease Translation Center, The Jackson Laboratory; Bar Harbor, ME 04609
| | - Roy Maimon
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sonia Vazquez-Sanchez
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Som Chaturvedi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mariana Bravo-Hernández
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Vanessa Taupin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Stephen Moore
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jonathan W. Artates
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Eitan Acks
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - I. Sandra Ndayambaje
- Department of Neurology, Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ana R. Agra de Almeida Quadros
- Department of Neurology, Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Frank Rigo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals; Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | | | - Cathleen Lutz
- Rare Disease Translation Center, The Jackson Laboratory; Bar Harbor, ME 04609
| | - Clotilde Lagier-Tourenne
- Department of Neurology, Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard University and MIT; Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Don W. Cleveland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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29
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O'Brien N, Mizielinska S. A cryptic clue to neurodegeneration? Science 2023; 379:1090-1091. [PMID: 36927030 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg8501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides rescue cryptic RNA splicing and neuron regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh O'Brien
- UK Dementia Research Institute at King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Camberwell, London, UK
| | - Sarah Mizielinska
- UK Dementia Research Institute at King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Camberwell, London, UK
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30
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Nilaver BI, Urbanski HF. Mechanisms underlying TDP-43 pathology and neurodegeneration: An updated Mini-Review. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1142617. [PMID: 36967829 PMCID: PMC10034072 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1142617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) plays an important role in several essential cell functions. However, TDP-43 dysfunction has been implicated in the development of various brain diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), and limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE). Recent investigations into the individual components of TDP-43 pathology show how broader TDP-43 dysfunction may precede these disease end states, and therefore could help to explain why TDP-43 dysfunction continues to be implicated in a rapidly expanding category of neurodegenerative diseases. The literature reviewed in this article suggests that dysregulation of TDP-43 initiated by some environmental and/or genetic insults can lead to a snowballing dysfunction across the cell, involving impaired gene expression, mRNA stability, as well as the function and coordination of those pathways directly regulated by TDP-43. Furthermore, the hallmarks of TDP-43 pathology, such as hyperphosphorylation and insoluble cytoplasmic accumulation of the protein may actually be artifacts of an upstream impairment in TDP-43's normal function. Overall, the present article summarizes current knowledge regarding TDP-43's normal and pathological cell functions and sheds light on possible mechanisms that underlie its causal role in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henryk F. Urbanski
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
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31
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Hasan S, Fernandopulle MS, Humble SW, Frankenfield AM, Li H, Prestil R, Johnson KR, Ryan BJ, Wade-Martins R, Ward ME, Hao L. Multi-modal Proteomic Characterization of Lysosomal Function and Proteostasis in Progranulin-Deficient Neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.24.529955. [PMID: 36865171 PMCID: PMC9980118 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.24.529955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN) is a lysosomal protein implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases. Over 70 mutations discovered in the GRN gene all result in reduced expression of PGRN protein. However, the detailed molecular function of PGRN within lysosomes and the impact of PGRN deficiency on lysosomal biology remain unclear. Here we leveraged multifaceted proteomic techniques to comprehensively characterize how PGRN deficiency changes the molecular and functional landscape of neuronal lysosomes. Using lysosome proximity labeling and immuno-purification of intact lysosomes, we characterized lysosome compositions and interactomes in both human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived glutamatergic neurons (i3Neurons) and mouse brains. Using dynamic stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (dSILAC) proteomics, we measured global protein half-lives in i3Neurons for the first time and characterized the impact of progranulin deficiency on neuronal proteostasis. Together, this study indicated that PGRN loss impairs the lysosome's degradative capacity with increased levels of v-ATPase subunits on the lysosome membrane, increased catabolic enzymes within the lysosome, elevated lysosomal pH, and pronounced alterations in neuron protein turnover. Collectively, these results suggested PGRN as a critical regulator of lysosomal pH and degradative capacity, which in turn influences global proteostasis in neurons. The multi-modal techniques developed here also provided useful data resources and tools to study the highly dynamic lysosome biology in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadia Hasan
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- MD-PhD program, Augusta University/University of Georgia Medical Partnership, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Michael S. Fernandopulle
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stewart W. Humble
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Oxford Parkinson’s Disease Centre, Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU UK
| | | | - Haorong Li
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ryan Prestil
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kory R. Johnson
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brent J. Ryan
- Oxford Parkinson’s Disease Centre, Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU UK
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Oxford Parkinson’s Disease Centre, Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU UK
| | - Michael E. Ward
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ling Hao
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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32
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Sekar D, Tusubira D, Ross K. TDP-43 and NEAT long non-coding RNA: Roles in neurodegenerative disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:954912. [PMID: 36385948 PMCID: PMC9650703 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.954912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding and ameliorating neurodegenerative diseases represents a key challenge for supporting the health span of the aging population. Diverse protein aggregates have been implicated in such neurodegenerative disorders, including amyloid-β, α-synuclein, tau, fused in sarcoma (FUS), and transactivation response element (TAR) DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43). Recent years have seen significant growth in our mechanistic knowledge of relationships between these proteins and some of the membrane-less nuclear structures that fulfill key roles in the cell function. These include the nucleolus, nuclear speckles, and paraspeckles. The ability of macromolecular protein:RNA complexes to partition these nuclear condensates through biophysical processes that involve liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has also gained attention recently. The paraspeckle, which is scaffolded by the architectural long-non-coding RNA nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) plays central roles in RNA processing and metabolism and has been linked dynamically to TDP-43. In this mini-review, we outline essential early and recent insights in relation to TDP-43 proteinopathies. We then appraise the relationships between TDP-43 and NEAT1 in the context of neuronal paraspeckles and neuronal stress. We highlight key areas for investigation based on recent advances in our understanding of how TDP-43 affects neuronal function, especially in relation to messenger ribosomal nucleic acid (mRNA) splicing. Finally, we offer perspectives that should be considered for translational pipelines in order to improve health outcomes for the management of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durairaj Sekar
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Deusdedit Tusubira
- Department of Biochemistry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda,*Correspondence: Deusdedit Tusubira, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-4698-424X
| | - Kehinde Ross
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom,Institute for Health Research, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom,Kehinde Ross, ; orcid.org/0000-0003-0252-1152
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW ALS genetics are highly dynamic and of great interest for the ALS research community. Each year, by using ever-growing datasets and cutting-edge methodology, an array of novel ALS-associated genes and downstream pathomechanisms are discovered. The increasing plenty and complexity of insights warrants regular summary by-reviews. RECENT FINDINGS Most recent disease gene discoveries constitute the candidate and risk genes SPTLC1 , KANK1 , CAV1 , HTT , and WDR7 , as well as seven novel risk loci. Cell type and functional enrichment analyses enlighten the genetic basis of selective motor neuron vulnerability in ALS demonstrating high expression of ALS-associated genes in cortical motor neurons and highlight the pathogenic significance of cell-autonomous processes. Major pathomechanistic insights have been gained regarding known ALS genes/proteins, specifically C9orf72 , TDP43, ANXA11 , and KIF5A . The first ASO-based gene-specific therapy trials in familial forms of ALS have yielded equivocal results stressing the re-evaluation of pathomechanisms linked to SOD1 and C9orf72 mutations. SUMMARY The genetic and molecular basis of ALS is increasingly examined on single-cell resolution. In the past 2 years, the understanding of the downstream mechanisms of several ALS genes and TDP-43 proteinopathy has been considerably extended. These insights will result in novel gene specific therapy approaches for sporadic ALS and genetic subtypes.
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Synucleinopathy in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Potential Avenue for Antisense Therapeutics? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169364. [PMID: 36012622 PMCID: PMC9409035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common adult-onset motor neuron disease classified as both a neurodegenerative and neuromuscular disorder. With a complex aetiology and no current cure for ALS, broadening the understanding of disease pathology and therapeutic avenues is required to progress with patient care. Alpha-synuclein (αSyn) is a hallmark for disease in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, and multiple system atrophy. A growing body of evidence now suggests that αSyn may also play a pathological role in ALS, with αSyn-positive Lewy bodies co-aggregating alongside known ALS pathogenic proteins, such as SOD1 and TDP-43. This review endeavours to capture the scope of literature regarding the aetiology and development of ALS and its commonalities with "synucleinopathy disorders". We will discuss the involvement of αSyn in ALS and motor neuron disease pathology, and the current theories and strategies for therapeutics in ALS treatment, as well as those targeting αSyn for synucleinopathies, with a core focus on small molecule RNA technologies.
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