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Zhang B, Tang X, Xu Q, Fan C, Gao Y, Li S, Wang M, Li C. Anionic polyacrylamide alleviates cadmium inhibition on anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 17:100306. [PMID: 37701857 PMCID: PMC10494310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The uncontrolled discharge of industrial wastewater leads to a significant cadmium (Cd) accumulation in waste activated sludge (WAS), posing a serious threat to the steady operation of the anaerobic digestion (AD) system in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Therefore, developing a viable approach to cope with the adverse effects of high-concentration Cd on the AD system is urgently required. This study aims to investigate the potential of using anionic polyacrylamide (APAM), a commonly used agent in WWTPs, to mitigate the adverse effects of Cd in a toxic amount (i.e., 5.0 mg per g total suspended solids (TSS)) on AD of WAS. The results showed that the effectiveness of higher APAM on Cd toxicity alleviation was less than that of lower APAM at the studied level (i.e., the effectiveness order was 1.5 mg APAM per g TSS > 3.0 mg APAM per g TSS > 6.0 mg APAM per g TSS). The moderate supplement of APAM (i.e., 1.5 mg per g TSS) recovered the accumulative methane yield from 190.5 ± 3.6 to 228.9 ± 4.1 mL per g volatile solids by promoting solubilization, hydrolysis, and acidification processes related to methane production. The application of APAM also increased the abundance of key microbes in the AD system, especially Methanolinea among methanogens and Caldilineaceae among hydrolyzers. Furthermore, APAM facilitated the key enzyme activities involved in AD processes and reduced reactive oxygen species (induced by Cd) production via adsorption/enmeshment of Cd by APAM. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using moderate APAM to mitigate Cd toxicity during AD, providing a promising solution for controlling Cd or other heavy metal toxicity in WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baowei Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Xiang Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Qiuxiang Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Changzheng Fan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Yuying Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Mier Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
- College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
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Onawole AT, Hussein IA, Saad MA, Ismail N, Alshami A, Nasser MS. Theoretical Studies of a Silica Functionalized Acrylamide for Calcium Scale Inhibition. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122333. [PMID: 35745909 PMCID: PMC9230130 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium carbonate (CaCO3) scale is one of the most common oilfield scales and oil and gas production bane. CaCO3 scale can lead to a sudden halt in production or, worst-case scenario, accidents; therefore, CaCO3 scale formation prevention is essential for the oil and gas industry. Scale inhibitors are chemicals that can mitigate this problem. We used two popular theoretical techniques in this study: Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics (AIMD). The objective was to investigate the inhibitory abilities of mixed oligomers, specifically acrylamide functionalized silica (AM-Silica). DFT studies indicate that Ca2+ does not bind readily to acryl acid and acrylamide; however, it has a good binding affinity with PAM and Silica functionalized PAM. The highest binding affinity occurs in the silica region and not the -CONH functional groups. AIMD calculations corroborate the DFT studies, as observed from the MD trajectory that Ca2+ binds to PAM-Silica by forming bonds with silicon; however, Ca2+ initially forms a bond with silicon in the presence of water molecules. This bonding does not last long, and it subsequently bonds with the oxygen atoms present in the water molecule. PAM-Silica is a suitable calcium scale inhibitor because of its high binding affinity with Ca2+. Theoretical studies (DFT and AIMD) have provided atomic insights on how AM-Silica could be used as an efficient scale inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmujeeb T. Onawole
- Gas Processing Center, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (A.T.O.); (M.A.S.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Ibnelwaleed A. Hussein
- Gas Processing Center, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (A.T.O.); (M.A.S.); (M.S.N.)
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence: (I.A.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Mohammed A. Saad
- Gas Processing Center, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (A.T.O.); (M.A.S.); (M.S.N.)
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Nadhem Ismail
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA;
| | - Ali Alshami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA;
- Correspondence: (I.A.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Mustafa S. Nasser
- Gas Processing Center, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (A.T.O.); (M.A.S.); (M.S.N.)
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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Mahmoudabadi ZS, Rashidi A, Maklavany DM. Optimizing treatment of alcohol vinasse using a combination of advanced oxidation with porous α-Fe 2O 3 nanoparticles and coagulation-flocculation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 234:113354. [PMID: 35247711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study utilizes a novel method, namely the combination of advanced oxidation processes with synthesized highly porous α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles and coagulation-flocculation with polyacrylamide, to investigate the effects on COD removal in alcohol vinasse. Highly porous α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were prepared via a chemical precipitation technique. The characteristic of the synthesized α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were determined by FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. The effect of different α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles loading for chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was investigated. The results revealed that at α-Fe2O3 nanoparticle dose of 3000 ppm had the highest COD removal for vinasse. Then, central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the operating variables such as pH, time, oxidant dosage, and coagulant dosage, and their optimum values were determined to be pH:7.36, 90 min, 17.89 wt% oxidant dosage, and 1.6 wt% coagulant dosage, to achieve a high COD removal efficiency in 70 ℃ for alcohol vinasse (98.64%). Based on optimal conditions, the porous α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles possess superior catalytic activity in the advanced oxidation process compared to other treating methods. Also, the mechanism of the catalytic oxidation reaction is evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohal Safaei Mahmoudabadi
- Carbon & Nanotechnology Research Center, RIPI, Tehran, Iran; School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Shende AD, Dhenkula S, Rao NN, Pophali GR. An improved primary wastewater treatment system for a slaughterhouse industry: a full-scale experience. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:1688-1700. [PMID: 35290240 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effluent streams from individual slaughtering operations were segregated based on the degree of similarity and were treated separately. The wastewater from lairage and paunch sections was dominant in suspended solids (SS: 6,000-25,000 mg/L) and was separated using a hydrasieve (500 μm) and externally fed rotary drum filter (EFRDF, 200 μm), respectively. The SS removal efficiency of the hydrasieve and EFRDF was 75% and 55%, respectively, and remaining solids were removed through a primary clarifier. The fats, oils and grease (FOG: 12,000-35,000 mg/L) containing streams from the hide fleshing, rendering, intestine, and tripe washing were routed through a skimming tank. The SS and FOG removal efficiencies through the skimming tank were 75% and 90%, respectively. Any FOG remaining after the skimming tank was removed using dissolved air flotation which achieved 95% FOG removal. In addition, the efficiency of chemical oxygen demand removal through the primary treatment system was more than 80%. The effluent obtained after primary treatment was SS and FOG ≤ 200 and 100 mg/L. The segregation of streams and their separate treatment offered benefits such as resource recovery, reduced waste load on downstream secondary treatment and overall ease in slaughterhouse wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay D Shende
- Wastewater Technology Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, India E-mail: , ; Environmental Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Swati Dhenkula
- Wastewater Technology Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, India E-mail: ,
| | - Neti Nageswara Rao
- Wastewater Technology Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, India E-mail: ,
| | - Girish R Pophali
- Wastewater Technology Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, India E-mail: ,
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Chen W, Zhang F, Tang Q, Du B, Ma D, Zhao Z, Fan L, Luo H, Zhao Z, Huang X, Zheng H. Evaluating the performance of bridging-assembly chelating flocculant for heavy metals removal: Role of branched architectures. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133260. [PMID: 34906524 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel chelating flocculant with branched architectures, polyacrylamide grafted maleoyl chitosan-mercaptoacetic acid (PAM-g-M(CS-MA)), was successfully fabricated using maleic anhydride as the "bridge" between chitosan and polyacrylamide. The functional groups and structural characteristic information of copolymers were obtained via characterization analysis. Flocculation performance was systematically investigated via purifying a series of simulated wastewater containing Cu or Cd. The properties of the flocs were studied to give in-depth evidences for the role of chelation groups and branched architectures in flocculation. Results indicated that PAM-g-M(CS-MA) showed excellent flocculation capacity for heavy metals in high concentrations and was superior to other chelating flocculants. The maximum flocculation efficiency of Cu (93.90%) and Cd (92.47%) was achieved by PAM-g-M(CS-MA) at pH 7, dosage of 100 mg L-1 and stirring speed of 90 rpm. The flocculation mechanisms of PAM-g-M(CS-MA) were deeply explored through the analyses of floc properties. The strong synergistic chelation of mercapto, carboxyl, amide and hydroxyl groups predominated for the capturing of heavy metals; and the branched architectures facilitated the formation of large and stable flocs via adsorption and bridging-furl effect. This study provided a solid foundation for the fabrication of flocculants for heavy metal wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China; Sichuan Higher Education Engineering Research Center for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Village Construction, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China.
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Qian Tang
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Bin Du
- Admission and Employment Office, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Dandan Ma
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Zhihan Zhao
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Liangqian Fan
- Sichuan Higher Education Engineering Research Center for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Village Construction, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Hongbing Luo
- Sichuan Higher Education Engineering Research Center for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Village Construction, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Zhongguo Zhao
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Xing Huang
- College of Architecture and Urban-Rural Planning, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Huaili Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
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Zhao J, Li B, Wang A, Ge W, Li W. Floc formation and growth mechanism during magnesium hydroxide and polyacrylamide coagulation process for reactive orange removal. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:424-430. [PMID: 32633211 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1791970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium hydroxide is commonly used as a coagulant for treating reactive dyes wastewater. However, the flocs are relatively small and coagulation process needs longer sedimentation time. Large flocs and short operation time are important for good coagulation performance. Coagulation floc formation and growth processes using magnesium hydroxide and polyacrylamide (PAM) dual-coagulant were investigated with controlled experiments through flocculation index (FI), floc size distribution, zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The final average floc size reached 58.5 and 4.96 μm with and absence of PAM addition during slow mixing periods. PAM feeding time and magnesium hydroxide formation time can affect the floc formation and growth processes. The results showed that floc formed rapidly during magnesium hydroxide generation within 90 s and flocs aggregated together by PAM bridging function. Reactive orange removal efficiency reached 99.3% with rapid mixing 250 rpm at 90 s during 100 mg/L magnesium ion addition, then adding 6 mg/L PAM at the beginning of slow mixing period in dual-coagulant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhai Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Anmin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Ge
- School of Control and Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenpu Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Mailler R, Mèche P, Sauvignet P, Azimi S, Rocher V. Normalization of wastewater coagulation-flocculation trials and implications in terms of variability in treatment performance and comparison of commercial coagulants. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:4015-4026. [PMID: 32421400 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1771433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Normalizations by TSS or P-PO43- initial concentrations are consistent as they are correlated to the Jar-test performances. Jar-tests results are independent of the wastewater quality variations in terms of TSS and P-PO43- and independent of the WWTP origin of the water. A notable variability in the TSS results indicates that the pollutant's initial load has to be taken into account even with normalizations. This variability is lower with normalization by P-PO43-, indicating that this is the best indicator to consider. It is possible to determine that the optimal cation dosage is 60 mol Fe3+ / kg P-PO43- as it guarantees a residual concentration of 0.7-1.0 mgP/L and a good removal of TSS.Then, six commercially available cationic coagulants were compared, demonstrating a comparable effect at a comparable normalized molar dose, whatever the coagulant on both TSS and P-PO43-, as well as on soluble carbon and nitrogen. The differences observed between these types of coagulants in the literature are then probably due to methodological issues. Settling velocity distribution charts were also very similar for the different coagulants. This confirms that the source of cation and the type of cation have no significant effect on physico-chemical settling performances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sam Azimi
- SIAAP, Direction de l'Innovation, Colombes, France
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Zhang B, Tang X, Fan C, Hao W, Zhao Y, Zeng Y. Cationic polyacrylamide alleviated the inhibitory impact of ZnO nanoparticles on anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge through reducing reactive oxygen species induced. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 205:117651. [PMID: 34560617 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The enrichment of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in waste activated sludge (WAS) has raised concerns about their potential impact on anaerobic digestion of WAS. To date, there is no information regarding how to attenuate the negative effects of ZnO NPs on WAS anaerobic digestion. In this study, it was found that the appropriate amount of cationic polyacrylamide (cPAM) could mitigate the toxicity of ZnO NPs. During short-term exposure, the supplement of 4.0 mg cPAM/g TSS significantly restored biochemical methane potential from 28.6% inhibition to 9.3% inhibition compared with the control digester (P < 0.01). The spiked cPAM promoted the solubilization and acidification stages by weakening the contact between ZnO NPs and anaerobes in anaerobic digestion process, thus providing abundant substance for sequent bio-utilization. In the long-term semi-continues operated reactor, the continuous replacement of cPAM (at 4.0 mg/g TSS) significantly strengthened the recovery of VS destruction rate (20.3% to 26.4%, P < 0.01) and the daily yield of methane (93.5 mL/d to 124.2 mL/d, P < 0.01). Consistent with the restored performance, the application of cPAM increased the total microbial communities and the relative abundances of dominant acidogens and methanogens. Further explorations showed decreased toxicity of ZnO NPs primarily attributed to the decline of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by ZnO NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baowei Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xiang Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Changzheng Fan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Wanle Hao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yilin Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yanjing Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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Yu KF, Li P, Li H, Zhang B, Yang J, Huang FY, Li R, He Y. Potential of coagulation to remove particle-associated and free-living antibiotic resistome from wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124295. [PMID: 33153783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coagulation has been accepted as a cost-effective and environmental-friendly method to remove pollutants. In our recent work, two coagulants of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and polyaluminum ferric chloride (PAFC) with dosage gradients, and one coagulant aid of anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) were used to investigate their potential to remove particle-associated (PA) and free-living (FL) ARGs and MGEs detected by high throughput qPCR (HT-qPCR) method. The results indicated that the maximum removal efficiencies of PA- and FL-ARGs (4.67- and 3.18-logs) were obtained at the PAFC dosage of 50.0 mg/L. Excessive PAFC dosage can hamper the removal of size-fractionated ARGs. As PAC aid, anionic PAM (1.0 mg/L) had limited effects to promote the removal of PA-ARG, while FL-ARG removal was enhanced by 0.34 log at the PAC dosage of 50.0 mg/L. The fitted curves suggested that the optimal chemical dosages of PAC, PAFC and PAC coupled with PAM in the removal of total ARGs and MGEs were 40.5, 64.7 and 50.0 mg/L, respectively. In addition, we found that much more coagulants were needed to remove FL-ARGs compared to that of PA-ARGs. The removal efficiencies of size-fractionated ARGs by flocculation can be affected by coagulant type, dosage, coagulant aid, Zeta potential and microorganism lifestyle (PA or FL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Feng Yu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Han Li
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jun Yang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fu-Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Rui Li
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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10
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Kurniawan SB, Abdullah SRS, Imron MF, Said NSM, Ismail N‘I, Hasan HA, Othman AR, Purwanti IF. Challenges and Opportunities of Biocoagulant/Bioflocculant Application for Drinking Water and Wastewater Treatment and Its Potential for Sludge Recovery. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E9312. [PMID: 33322826 PMCID: PMC7764310 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of metal-based conventional coagulants/flocculants to remove suspended solids from drinking water and wastewater is currently leading to new concerns. Alarming issues related to the prolonged effects on human health and further pollution to aquatic environments from the generated nonbiodegradable sludge are becoming trending topics. The utilization of biocoagulants/bioflocculants does not produce chemical residue in the effluent and creates nonharmful, biodegradable sludge. The conventional coagulation-flocculation processes in drinking water and wastewater treatment, including the health and environmental issues related to the utilization of metal-based coagulants/flocculants during the processes, are discussed in this paper. As a counterpoint, the development of biocoagulants/bioflocculants for drinking water and wastewater treatment is intensively reviewed. The characterization, origin, potential sources, and application of this green technology are critically reviewed. This review paper also provides a thorough discussion on the challenges and opportunities regarding the further utilization and application of biocoagulants/bioflocculants in water and wastewater treatment, including the importance of the selection of raw materials, the simplification of extraction processes, the application to different water and wastewater characteristics, the scaling up of this technology to a real industrial scale, and also the potential for sludge recovery by utilizing biocoagulants/bioflocculants in water/wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setyo Budi Kurniawan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.K.); (S.R.S.A.); (N.S.M.S.); (N.I.I.); (H.A.H.); (A.R.O.)
| | - Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.K.); (S.R.S.A.); (N.S.M.S.); (N.I.I.); (H.A.H.); (A.R.O.)
| | - Muhammad Fauzul Imron
- Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Nor Sakinah Mohd Said
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.K.); (S.R.S.A.); (N.S.M.S.); (N.I.I.); (H.A.H.); (A.R.O.)
| | - Nur ‘Izzati Ismail
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.K.); (S.R.S.A.); (N.S.M.S.); (N.I.I.); (H.A.H.); (A.R.O.)
| | - Hassimi Abu Hasan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.K.); (S.R.S.A.); (N.S.M.S.); (N.I.I.); (H.A.H.); (A.R.O.)
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Razi Othman
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.K.); (S.R.S.A.); (N.S.M.S.); (N.I.I.); (H.A.H.); (A.R.O.)
| | - Ipung Fitri Purwanti
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia;
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11
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Okey-Onyesolu C, Onukwuli O, Ejimofor M, Okoye C. Kinetics and mechanistic analysis of particles decontamination from abattoir wastewater (ABW) using novel Fish Bone Chito-protein (FBC). Heliyon 2020; 6:e04468. [PMID: 32817885 PMCID: PMC7426538 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Wastewater from slaughter houses (abattoirs) has been a problem in Nigeria. It is complex and difficult to treat. The potentials of novel Fish Bone Chito-protein (FBC) successfully extracted through de-proteinization of Fish Bone Flour (FBF) were explored for the reduction of particle load in abattoir wastewater. Extracted FBC sample was analysed via proximate analysis and instrumental characterizations viz: X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotoscopic Analysis (FTIR). Influences of coagulant dosage, pH, settling time and temperature were studied. The rate of particle uptake was studied using seven kinetic models. Proximate characterization of FBC revealed that it contains 24% protein, 43% carbohydrate and other components in trace values. Before treatment, abattoir wastewater contains (563 mg/L) suspended particles in excess of the national discharge standard. 92% of the particle load was removed after the coagulation treatment with 1.5g of FBC, after 35 min at pH 2, and 40 °C. BOD removal of 58% was also obtained at the same conditions. The best kinetics model selection was done between Pseudo Second Order (PSO) and fractional power (FP) kinetic model via one way statistical mean comparison using ANOVA and turkey pairwise p-values. The ANOVA p-value for pseudo second order (0.001) was found to be ˂ 0.005 (model significance alpha value). Also, the difference between the adjusted and predicted R2 value (0.0018) was less than 0.2. Thus, pseudo second order described the kinetic data with precision. The mechanistic pathway analysis for the process particle uptake was governed by intra-particle diffusion and film/surface diffusion. The results summarized indicate that fish bones are no waste, FBF is good source of coagulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.F. Okey-Onyesolu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - O.D. Onukwuli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - M.I. Ejimofor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - C.C. Okoye
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
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12
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Xu Q, Xiao K, Wang H, Wu Q, Liang S, Yu W, Hou H, Liu B, Hu J, Yang J. Insight into effects of organic and inorganic phosphorus speciations on phosphorus removal efficiency in secondary effluent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:11736-11748. [PMID: 31975007 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07774-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Most previous studies of phosphorus (P) removal focused on investigation of the soluble, and particulate P, but ignoring the difference between organic and inorganic P. In this study, the effects of various flocculants, namely polyacrylamide (PAM) and polyaluminum chloride (PAC), on flocculation efficiency in different P speciations (organic and inorganic P) were investigated. A modified method to differentiate between organic and inorganic P content in secondary effluent samples was developed. The results showed that P speciation based on organic/inorganic P (Pearson's correlation R = 0.915, p < 0.05) was more effective than those based on soluble/particulate P (p > 0.05) in evaluating the P content in secondary effluents. The liquid 31P nuclear magnetic resonance measurements results indicated that PAM was more effective in removing organic P (phosphonates and orthophosphate monoesters) rather than inorganic P. However, PAC was more effective in removing inorganic P (particularly orthophosphate) rather than organic P. Based on the modeled results of a response surface methodology (RSM), doses of PAM and PAC were optimized for secondary effluent containing different amounts of organic and inorganic P from the two typical wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Wuhan city, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Keke Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Qiongxiang Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Sha Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Huijie Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Bingchuan Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Jingping Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Jiakuan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
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13
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Kaur N, Sharma S, Khosla E. Binary Cationic Dyes-Counter Ion Extraction by Reverse Micelles. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2020. [DOI: 10.3139/113.110666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study a solvent extraction method is used to investigate the succesive removal of a binary mixture of the cationic dyes Basic Yellow-2 (BY) and Basic Blue-26 (BB) from textile effluents by the anionic surfactant sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and isoamyl alcohol as an organic solvent. The dye ions are encapsulated in the core of the reverse micelles which remain in the organic phase and are subsequently separated from the aqueous phase resulting in significant removal of dyes. The effects of different parameters such as the concentration of surfactant, dye concentration, pH, temperature, salt concentration etc. have also been studied in the present work. The removal efficiency of dyes increased with increasing surfactant concentration and decreasing dye concentration. UV-visible absorption spectra were analyzed to evaluate the state of the dyes in bulk water before and after extraction with reverse micelles. In addition, the dyes were recovered successively by backward extraction and then reused. TEM analyses were carried out to determine the size of reverse micelles and shape of the formed clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narinderjit Kaur
- Department of Chemistry , Kanya Maha Vidyalaya, Jalandhar , India
| | - Sangeeta Sharma
- Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities , Shaheed Bhagat Singh State Technical Campus, Ferozepur , India
| | - Ekta Khosla
- Department of Chemistry , Hans Raj Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Jalandhar , India
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14
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Brakstad OG, Altin D, Davies EJ, Aas M, Nordtug T. Interaction between microalgae, marine snow and anionic polyacrylamide APAM at marine conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135950. [PMID: 31841929 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
When an oil field ages and the pressure in the reservoir decreases, or for oil fields with heavy oil, there may be a need for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies. Polymer injection is a water-based EOR method where the viscosity of the water injected for pressure support is increased by mixing with a high concentration polymer solution. In this project, the potential fate of a synthetic anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) in seawater was investigated, since these EOR polymers may enter the marine environment with the produced water (PW). The main objective of the study was to determine if the APAM will interact with cells or aggregates (marine snow) of microalgae, resulting in potential polymer transport from the euphotic zone to the seabed. Three different species of microalgae with different degree of autotrophy (autotroph, mixotroph and heterotroph) were exposed to fluorescence-tagged APAM. Attachment to algal cells or aggregates formed by active or heat-inactivated algae were analysed by fluorescence microscopy and fluorometry. Our results suggested that attachment of APAM to cells of the algal species included in his study was negligible. A carousel system with natural seawater (SW) was used for formation of algal aggregates, one of the key components of marine snow. When aggregates of the diatom Thalassiosira rotula were formed in the presence of the fluorescence-tagged APAM, and at SW temperatures relevant for the Norwegian Continental Shelf, the polymer was nearly exclusively measured in the water phase after separation from the aggregates. The aggregate measurements therefore confirmed the results from the attachment studies, and we found no evidence of accumulation of APAM in aggregates formed from algae. Marine snow from algae is therefore not expected to significantly contribute to sedimentation of APAM dissolved in the water column.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marianne Aas
- SINTEF Ocean AS, Environment and New Resources, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trond Nordtug
- SINTEF Ocean AS, Environment and New Resources, Trondheim, Norway
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15
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Ferasat Z, Panahi R, Mokhtarani B. Natural polymer matrix as safe flocculant to remove turbidity from kaolin suspension: Performance and governing mechanism. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 255:109939. [PMID: 31790872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conventional flocculants bear environmental and health concerns which could be avoided by applying natural materials, particularly polysaccharide and glycoprotein-containing ones. In the present study, yeast cell wall (YCW), a natural polymer matrix, was used as natural flocculant. To prepare YCW, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cultivated in bench scale fermenter. After characterization, YCW was employed as anionic flocculant in jar tests to remove turbidity from kaolin suspensions at different conditions where either alum or poly aluminum chloride (PAC) was coagulant. Generally, the lower coagulant consumption, higher turbidity removal or faster sedimentation was observed by using YCW as flocculant. The developed flocculant was more effective in the presence of PAC compared to alum. At best, by applying 300 mg/L YCW, the highest turbidity removals of 98 and 97% were achieved using 10 ppm PAC at pH 6.5 and 50 ppm alum at pH 7.5, respectively. The presence of the flocculant in the structure of the flocs was proved by FTIR analysis. The final pH of the treated suspensions was suitable for discharge purpose without the need for neutralization. The excess positive charge neutralization and bridging were the governing mechanism in coagulation-flocculation process. YCW with proper performance, GRAS designation and readily availability can be considered as natural alternative to chemical anionic flocculants where the process needs safe compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ferasat
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI), 14968-13151, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Panahi
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI), 14968-13151, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Babak Mokhtarani
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI), 14968-13151, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Mortadi A, Elmelouky A, Chahbi M, Ghyati NE, Zaim S, Cherkaoui O, El Moznine R. Flocculation monitoring of wastewater by using impedance spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 224:117437. [PMID: 31425862 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to monitor the flocculation process using the analysis of the electric and dielectric properties. Therefore the dielectric and electrical characteristics of wastewater with different cationic polymer concentrations were investigated via the impedance spectroscopy (IS) method. Impedance measurements were carried at different concentration of cationic polymer in the frequency range from 0.1 Hz to 100 kHz. The analysis of complex permittivity spectra was described by the superposition of a power law at a low frequency related to the diffusion process and Cole-Cole relaxation behavior at high frequency. Moreover, an equivalent circuit model was developed in order to analyze the experimental data and to further investigate both processes. The variation of the parameters extracted from the equivalent circuit with the increase of cationic polymer concentrations has shown a net transition at 10 mg/l. This behavior could reflect the flocculation of dispersed particles at 10 mg/l. The findings in this work could draw new attention toward the monitoring of the coagulation-flocculation process using impedance spectroscopy and could be extended to other kinds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mortadi
- Laboratory Physics of Condensed Matter (LPMC), University Chouaib Doukkali, El-Jadida, Morocco.
| | - A Elmelouky
- Laboratory Physics of Condensed Matter (LPMC), University Chouaib Doukkali, El-Jadida, Morocco
| | - M Chahbi
- Laboratory Physics of Condensed Matter (LPMC), University Chouaib Doukkali, El-Jadida, Morocco
| | - N El Ghyati
- Laboratory Physics of Condensed Matter (LPMC), University Chouaib Doukkali, El-Jadida, Morocco
| | - S Zaim
- Laboratory Physics of Condensed Matter (LPMC), University Chouaib Doukkali, El-Jadida, Morocco
| | - O Cherkaoui
- Higher School of Textile and Clothing Industries, Laboratory REMTEX, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - R El Moznine
- Laboratory Physics of Condensed Matter (LPMC), University Chouaib Doukkali, El-Jadida, Morocco
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17
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Lapointe M, Barbeau B. Understanding the roles and characterizing the intrinsic properties of synthetic vs. natural polymers to improve clarification through interparticle Bridging: A review. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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18
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Im D, Nakada N, Kato Y, Aoki M, Tanaka H. Pretreatment of ceramic membrane microfiltration in wastewater reuse: A comparison between ozonation and coagulation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 251:109555. [PMID: 31539697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To determine the most efficient pretreatment for ceramic membrane filtration (CMF) of primary clarifier effluent (PE), the effectiveness of ozonation and coagulation was investigated from the viewpoint of both virus removal and mitigation of membrane fouling. Our results showed virus removal by coagulation to be more efficient as a CMF pretreatment, whereas ozonation showed better efficiency when used as a CMF posttreatment. The effect of ozonation and coagulation on ceramic membrane fouling was investigated during short-term operation. With the use of coagulation before CMF (PACl + CMF), irreversible fouling resistance was 0.5 × 1011 m-1 at a dosage of 150 mg/L of polyaluminum chloride (PACl), which was 10 times lower than when ozonation was used as a pretreatment to CMF (O3+CMF) (0.7 × 1012 m-1 at 50 mg-O3/L). This result indicates coagulation to be more efficient than ozonation for mitigating ceramic membrane fouling. Based on these results, the process sustainability of PACl + CMF was then investigated during longer-term operation. At a dosage of 150 mg/L of PACl, the PACl + CMF process could be sustainably operated for 120 h without any need for chemically enhanced backwashing, which was twice as long as for PACl dosages of 50 and 100 mg/L. Coagulation is thus a more efficient pretreatment for CMF of PE from the viewpoint of both virus removal and mitigation of ceramic membrane fouling. The hygienic safety of reclaimed water can be further improved if ozonation is used as a CMF posttreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbum Im
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga, 520-0811, Japan.
| | - Norihide Nakada
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga, 520-0811, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kato
- Metawater Co., Ltd., 7 Yawatakaigandori, Ichihara, Chiba, 290-8511, Japan
| | - Michiko Aoki
- Metawater Co., Ltd., 7 Yawatakaigandori, Ichihara, Chiba, 290-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga, 520-0811, Japan
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19
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Feng G, Bai T, Ma H, Hu Z, Guo Y, Tan W. Establishment of the Permeability Model for Soft Solid Sludge Conditioned with Flocculants. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:18574-18581. [PMID: 31737816 PMCID: PMC6854576 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Permeability plays a decisive role in the dewatering process and reflects the difficulty of filtration, especially for soft solid material such as sludge. In this paper, the physicochemical properties and dewatering performance of sludge conditioned with different kinds of flocculants were investigated. Results showed that the flocculant could change the sludge microstructure such as floc morphology, specific surface area, and fractal dimension. Compared with filtration pressure, flocculants had a greater influence on sludge permeability which was a significant negative correlation with filtration pressure and was a positive correlation with flocculant dosage. In order to describe the fact that fluid flows through the porous voids for soft solid sludge, the improved Kozeny constant was corrected. Research showed that permeability was more significant in the dewatering process for the sludge conditioned with inorganic flocculants than that with organic flocculants. The Kozeny constant was not only relevant with suspension nature but also with filtration pressure. The range of the improved Kozeny constant was reasonably determined based on flocculant type, concentration, and filtration pressure, which was of great help to project applications. For raw sludge, the improved Kozeny constant was 958 times than that of the original value, and it decreased significantly for conditioned sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohong Feng
- School
of Environment & Safety, Taiyuan University
of Science & Technology, No. 66 Waliu Road, Wanbailin District, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Tiantian Bai
- School
of Environment & Safety, Taiyuan University
of Science & Technology, No. 66 Waliu Road, Wanbailin District, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - He Ma
- School
of Environment & Safety, Taiyuan University
of Science & Technology, No. 66 Waliu Road, Wanbailin District, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhi Hu
- School
of Environment & Safety, Taiyuan University
of Science & Technology, No. 66 Waliu Road, Wanbailin District, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Yabing Guo
- School
of Environment & Safety, Taiyuan University
of Science & Technology, No. 66 Waliu Road, Wanbailin District, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei Tan
- School
of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, No. 135 Yaguan Road, JinNan District, Tianjin 300350, China
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Enhanced Coagulation with Mn(III) Pre-Oxidation for Treatment of Micro-Polluted Raw Water. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11112302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mn(III) oxidation technology has attracted increasing interest in recent years because of its fast decontamination kinetics and second-pollution-free characteristic. Whether it can be used as a pre-oxidation step to enhance conventional coagulation process remains to be evaluated. Herein, an Fe-coagulation/sedimentation process combined with Mn(III) pre-oxidation (Mn(III)+C/S), hypochlorite pre-oxidation (Cl2+C/S), and permanganate pre-oxidation (PM+C/S) was applied to treat simulated micro-polluted raw water. The removal performance of routine water quality indices (turbidity, dissolved organic carbon, total nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen, Pb(II), and Cr(VI)) and the emerging pollutants (acesulfame, carbamazepine, bisphenol S, and nano-ZnO) created by these three processes were researched. The mechanism of how Mn(III) pre-oxidation influences C/S was explored by identifying the transformation products of Mn(III), measuring the timely variation of flocs’ zeta potential and size, and scanning flocs’ micromorphology. Compared to Cl2+C/S and PM+C/S, Mn(III)+C/S exhibited its superiority in removing dissolved organic carbon (72.9%), total nitrogen (31.74%), and emerging pollutants (21.78%–93.49%). The enhanced removal of these contaminants by Mn(III)+C/S found its explanation in the strong oxidation power of Mn(III) and the multiple roles of in-situ formed MnO2 (e.g., flocculation core, adsorption co-precipitant, and densification agent). The acute toxicity tests confirmed that water treated by Mn(III)+C/S did not show a significant change in the associated toxicity. The findings of the present study indicate that Mn(III) oxidation technology shows great potential as an alternative to pre-oxidation technology of waterworks.
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Agarwala P, Kanthale P, Thakre S. Flocculation of spin bath NMMO solution for removal of colloidal impurities in lyocell process. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2018.1549568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Puja Agarwala
- Department of Pulp & Fiber Technology, Aditya Birla Science and Technology Co. Pvt. Ltd., Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Parag Kanthale
- Department of Pulp & Fiber Technology, Aditya Birla Science and Technology Co. Pvt. Ltd., Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Shirish Thakre
- Department of Pulp & Fiber Technology, Aditya Birla Science and Technology Co. Pvt. Ltd., Navi Mumbai, India
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22
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Xue Y, Liu Z, Li A, Yang H. Application of a green coagulant with PACl in efficient purification of turbid water and its mechanism study. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 81:168-180. [PMID: 30975319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The applications of natural polymeric flocculants due to their green feature has been recently received much more attention. In this work, the combined usages of a cationic starch-based coagulant and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) were extensively evaluated for various addition sequences in the coagulation of both raw (surface water from the Jiuxiang River) and synthetic turbid water (two kaolin suspensions with different initial turbidities). Two typical cationic starch-based coagulants with different structures (St-G and St-E) were tried. In comparison to St-G, St-E and PACl used individually as well as St-G and St-E dosed after PACl, the combination of the starch-based coagulants fed before PACl showed higher turbidity removal efficiency, which featured not only less optimal doses of both inorganic and organic coagulants but also lower residual turbidity. On the basis of a detailed analysis of the particle size and its distribution in solution supernatants before and after coagulation by two starch-based coagulants and PACl, polymeric coagulants preferentially coagulate the small-sized colloids due to their distinct long-chain structures, but PACl preferentially coagulates the medium-sized ones. Thus, the medium-sized particles that were previously formed by the starch-based coagulants would be collectively and effectively removed by the subsequent addition of PACl. The addition sequence of the inorganic and organic coagulants in their combined usage is an important factor for improvement of the turbidity removal efficiency in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhouzhou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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23
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Optimizing Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment Processes for Simultaneous Carbon Redirection and Phosphorus Removal. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11030547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There has been increased interest towards maximizing wastewater energy recovery by enhancing the carbon captured through the primary treatment process such as chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT). This research was conducted to optimize the CEPT performance in terms of redirection of carbon and nutrients in both bench- and full-scale operations. In order to improve the CEPT process, the performance of ferric chloride and seven types of polymers were evaluated through jar testing. The optimal coagulant (15 mg/L ferric chloride) and flocculant (0.5 mg/L poly aluminum chloride (PACl)) combination achieved total COD, soluble COD, total suspended solids (TSS), and total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiencies of 76, 58, 89, and 84, respectively, in a full-scale primary clarifier operation. In doing so the organic matter and phosphorus were concentrated in CEPT sludge, making them available for recovery. Furthermore, the relationship between influent characteristics and removal rates under varying operating conditions was investigated. It was found that soluble COD removal appeared to be season-dependent, and TSS removals were independent of influent TSS concentrations in all scenarios. The removal of tCOD, sCOD, and TP had a positive relationship with their corresponding concentrations when the polymer Alcomer® 120L was used, whereas no correlation between removal and concentration was observed with PACl.
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24
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Zhao C, Shao S, Zhou Y, Yang Y, Shao Y, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Xie L, Luo L. Optimization of flocculation conditions for soluble cadmium removal using the composite flocculant of green anion polyacrylamide and PAC by response surface methodology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:267-276. [PMID: 30029108 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we describe a flocculation performance evaluation of a novel anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) synthesized using low dose γ-ray initiation. The APAM structure and morphology were characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. In comparison to commercially purchased APAM (Mw = 1.0 × 107), γ-ray initiation was demonstrated to be a more effective method to increase molecular weight, decrease the residual acrylamide monomer, and improve thermal stability. Flocculant performance was evaluated by assessing their ability to remove Cd(II) from water. We utilized the Plackett-Burman (PB), steepest ascent, and response surface methodology (RSM) experimental design to identify the optimal flocculating conditions for the removal of soluble Cd(II). Under optimal conditions [26.84 mg L-1 CaO, 71.28 mg L-1 polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and 2.87 mg L-1 APAM], the maximum percent removal of Cd(II) was observed to reach 93.65%. A potential flocculation mechanism for the Cd(II) removal from water was further studied by evaluating the colloid Zeta potential. Results from these studies demonstrated that PAC had a greater capability to change the Zeta potential of collide under alkaline conditions, while APAM played a critical role in the bridging, enmeshment, and sweeping effect. The composite of two types of predominance makes considerable sense in regards to enhancing flocculating efficiency, decreasing secondary pollution, and reducing flocculant cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caifeng Zhao
- Hunan Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Science and Space Breeding, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Hunan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Biological Irradiation, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Sai Shao
- Hunan Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Science and Space Breeding, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Hunan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Biological Irradiation, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Yahui Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Hunan Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Science and Space Breeding, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Hunan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Biological Irradiation, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Leping Zhang
- Hunan Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Science and Space Breeding, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Hunan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Biological Irradiation, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yiji Zhou
- Hunan Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Science and Space Breeding, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Hunan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Biological Irradiation, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Linian Xie
- Hunan Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Science and Space Breeding, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Hunan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Biological Irradiation, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Lin Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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25
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Ma B, Li W, Liu R, Liu G, Sun J, Liu H, Qu J, van der Meer W. Multiple dynamic Al-based floc layers on ultrafiltration membrane surfaces for humic acid and reservoir water fouling reduction. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 139:291-300. [PMID: 29656194 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The integration of adsorbents with ultrafiltration (UF) membranes is a promising method for alleviating membrane fouling and reducing land use. However, adsorbents typically are only injected into the membrane tank once, resulting in a single dynamic protection layer and low removal efficiency over long-term operation. In addition, the granular adsorbents used can cause membrane surface damage. To overcome these disadvantages, we injected inexpensive and loose aluminum (Al)-based flocs directly into a membrane tank with bottom aeration in the presence of humic acid (HA) or raw water taken from the Miyun Reservoir (Beijing, China). Results showed that the flocs were well suspended in the membrane tank, and multiple dynamic floc protection layers were formed (sandwich-like) on the membrane surface with multiple batch injections. Higher frequency floc injections resulted in better floc utilization efficiency and less severe membrane fouling. With continuous injection, acid solutions demonstrated better performance in removing HA molecules, especially those with small molecular weight, and in alleviating membrane fouling compared with the use of high aeration rate or polyacrylamide injection. This was attributed to the small particle size, large specific surface area, and high zeta potential of the flocs. Additionally, excellent UF membrane performance was exhibited by reservoir water with continuous injection and acid solution. Based on the outstanding UF membrane performance, this innovative integrated filtration with loose Al-based flocs has great application potential for water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiwen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Wenjiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Shaanxi 710055, China
| | - Ruiping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jingqiu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Walter van der Meer
- Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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26
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Vikneswara AS, Radin Mohamed RMS, Al-Gheethi AAS, Mohd Kassim AH, Othman N. Removal of Nutrients from Meat Processing Wastewater Through the Phycoremediation Process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90269-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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27
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Wang D, Liu X, Zeng G, Zhao J, Liu Y, Wang Q, Chen F, Li X, Yang Q. Understanding the impact of cationic polyacrylamide on anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 130:281-290. [PMID: 29241114 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous investigations showed that cationic polyacrylamide (cPAM), a flocculant widely used in wastewater pretreatment and waste activated sludge dewatering, deteriorated methane production during anaerobic digestion of sludge. However, details of how cPAM affects methane production are poorly understood, hindering deep control of sludge anaerobic digestion systems. In this study, the mechanisms of cPAM affecting sludge anaerobic digestion were investigated in batch and long-term tests using either real sludge or synthetic wastewaters as the digestion substrates. Experimental results showed that the presence of cPAM not only slowed the process of anaerobic digestion but also decreased methane yield. The maximal methane yield decreased from 139.1 to 86.7 mL/g of volatile suspended solids (i.e., 1861.5 to 1187.0 mL/L) with the cPAM level increasing from 0 to 12 g/kg of total suspended solids (i.e., 0-236.7 mg/L), whereas the corresponding digestion time increased from 22 to 26 d. Mechanism explorations revealed that the addition of cPAM significantly restrained the sludge solubilization, hydrolysis, acidogenesis, and methanogenesis processes. It was found that ∼46% of cAPM was degraded in the anaerobic digestion, and the degradation products significantly affected methane production. Although the theoretically biochemical methane potential of cPAM is higher than that of protein and carbohydrate, only 6.7% of the degraded cPAM was transformed to the final product, methane. Acrylamide, acrylic acid, and polyacrylic acid were found to be the main degradation metabolites, and their amount accounted for ∼50% of the degraded cPAM. Further investigations showed that polyacrylic acid inhibited all the solubilization, hydrolysis, acidogenesis, and methanogenesis processes while acrylamide and acrylic acid inhibited the methanogenesis significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Xuran Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Qilin Wang
- Griffith School of Engineering & Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Griffith University, QLD, Australia
| | - Fei Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
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28
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Fang L, Wu B, Chan JKM, Lo IMC. Lanthanum oxide nanorods for enhanced phosphate removal from sewage: A response surface methodology study. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 192:209-216. [PMID: 29102865 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanum-based adsorbents are ideal candidates for phosphate removal because of their excellent affinity to phosphate. However, their application in the removal of trace-levels of phosphate from sewage is still unsatisfactory due to the limited adsorption capacity and inadequate optimization of the operational parameters. To overcome these drawbacks, we have developed a novel lanthanum hydroxide (LH), using a facile precipitation and hydrothermal process that involves a nanorod-like structure with the lengths ranging from 124 to 1700 nm, depending on the La/OH molar ratio. The phosphate adsorption capacity of the developed LH is up to 170.1 mg-P g-1 in synthetic water, while a slightly lower adsorption capacity of 111.1 mg-P g-1 is observed in a sewage sample. A polynominal model consisting of three variables (i.e. dosage, reaction time and initial phosphate concentration) for predicting efficiency of phosphate removal has been successfully developed using a face-centred central composite design (CCD)-based methodology. The results also suggest a strong interactive effect of the dosage with the phosphate concentration, and reaction time, which can significantly affect the optimization of the phosphate removal by LH. Both X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies indicate that the inner sphere complexation of phosphate with LH is probably the major mechanism governing phosphate removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Fang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baile Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Julie K M Chan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Irene M C Lo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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29
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Freitas TKFS, Almeida CA, Manholer DD, Geraldino HCL, de Souza MTF, Garcia JC. Review of Utilization Plant-Based Coagulants as Alternatives to Textile Wastewater Treatment. TEXTILE SCIENCE AND CLOTHING TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4780-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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30
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Lapointe M, Barbeau B. Dual starch-polyacrylamide polymer system for improved flocculation. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 124:202-209. [PMID: 28759792 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic polyelectrolytes such as polyacrylamide (PAM) are commonly used in the water industry to improve flocculation. However, potential adverse health effects may arise from the use of PAM owing to the presence of trace acrylamide monomers in commercial products. Hence, there is growing interest in replacing synthetic polyelectrolytes with natural and sustainable alternatives, which would eliminate risks related to the presence of toxic monomers/impurities and oxidation by-products from the interaction of polymers and common disinfectants such chlorine and ozone. Starch-based flocculants are recognized to offer fairly good flocculation performance, but require higher polymer dosages than conventional high-molecular-weight PAM. To reduce exposure to acrylamide monomers, this study examined the combination of an activated starch-based polymer with PAM to determine whether synergistic effects can be achieved using a dual polymer system. Flocculation performance (floc size, density and rate of aggregation) was monitored using jar tests. Turbidity removal was also assessed to confirm settling performance. Single PAM/starch mixture injection and sequential dual polymer injection were compared in order to simplify practical industrial applications. For the tested samples of surface water and wastewater, jar tests showed that the PAM dosage can be significantly reduced (50-70% for surface water) for both conventional and ballasted flocculation if a dual starch-PAM polymer system is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Lapointe
- Industrial NSERC Chair on Drinking Water, Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada.
| | - Benoit Barbeau
- Industrial NSERC Chair on Drinking Water, Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada
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31
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Zou XL. Advanced treatment of sodium dithionite wastewater using the combination of coagulation, catalytic ozonation, and SBR. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:2497-2507. [PMID: 28659015 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1349188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A combined process of coagulation-catalytic ozonation-anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR)-SBR was developed at lab scale for treating a real sodium dithionite wastewater with an initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 21,760-22,450 mg/L. Catalytic ozonation with the prepared cerium oxide (CeO2)/granular activated carbon catalyst significantly enhances wastewater biodegradability and reduces wastewater microtoxicity. The results show that, under the optimum conditions, the removal efficiencies of COD and suspended solids are averagely 99.3% and 95.6%, respectively, and the quality of final effluent can meet the national discharge standard of China. The coagulation and ASBR processes remove a considerable proportion of organic matter, while the SBR plays an important role in post-polish of final effluent. The ecotoxicity of the wastewater is greatly reduced after undergoing the hybrid treatment. This work demonstrates that the hybrid system has the potential to be applied for the advanced treatment of high-strength industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Zou
- a School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University , Nanchang , People's Republic of China
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32
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Zhu H, Qin L, Hu Y, Wei D, Hai Z, Li A, Xie X, Han C. Occurrence and transformations of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus related to particle size fraction of sweet potato starch wastewater during hydrolytic acidification processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:20717-20724. [PMID: 28718017 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9724-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sweet potato starch wastewater (SPSW) is an industrial food-processing waste product, which is a significant pollution source due to its high chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen, and phosphorus loads. The influence of hydrolytic acidification (HA) process on C, N, and P as well as other main parameters were evaluated. It is essential to treat these wastewaters with effective methods such as HA, a general pretreatment application. In this study, we investigate the scientific link between the changes of different fractions of C, N, and P with particle size distribution in response to the newly introduced HA process. Results showed that the levels of COD, TN, and TP remained ultimately stable; pH and suspended solids (SSs) decreased obviously. HA process exhibits excellent capability of reducing the larger particulars (with diameter of >5 μm) into smaller ones (with diameter of <0.1 μm). The most significant initial concentration contribution to COD, TN, and TP pollution came from particles and matter with a diameter of >5 μm, at 41.8, 57.3, and 43.5%, respectively. While the most significant contribution to COD, TN, and TP was resulting from micro-molecular size particles (<0.1 μm) after 48 h. The smallest particles (<0.1 μm) were the most dominant contribution to all pollutants measured, with COD, TN, and TP contributions of 63.2, 50.4, and 59.3%, respectively. While the contribution of larger particles (particle size >5 μm) reduced to 10.2, 15.3, and 7.1%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Center for Hydrosciences Research, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Center for Hydrosciences Research, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Center for Hydrosciences Research, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyang Wei
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zibin Hai
- Anhui Province Academy of Environmental Science, Hefei, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Center for Hydrosciences Research, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianchuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Center for Hydrosciences Research, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
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33
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Using Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment (CEPT) as a Pretreatment Option for Anaerobic Digestate from Cattle Manure Digestion System. WATER 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/w9070487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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34
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Lee SD, Mallampati SR, Lee BH. Hybrid zero valent iron (ZVI)/H 2O 2 oxidation process for landfill leachate treatment with novel nanosize metallic calcium/iron composite. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2017; 67:475-487. [PMID: 27802127 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2016.1252449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A novel nanosize metallic calcium/iron dispersed reagent was synthesized and tested as coagulant/catalyst in a hybrid zero valent iron (ZVI)/H2O2 oxidation process to treat leachate. Two different types of leachates, one from municipal solid waste (MSW) tipping hall (MSWIL) and second from an MSW landfill site (MSWLL), were collected and characterized. The morphology, elemental composition, and mineral phases of the nano-Ca/CaO and nano-Fe/Ca/CaO were characterized by scanning electron microscopy-electron dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and x-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis. The coagulation process with 2.5 g L-1 nano-Ca/CaO attained 64.0, 56.0, and 20.7% removal of color, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solids (TSS) in MSWLL. With only 1.0 g L-1 of nano-Fe/Ca/CaO, relatively high color, COD and TSS removal was achieved in MSWLL at 67.5, 60.2, and 37.7%, respectively. The heavy metal removal efficiency reached 91-99% after treatment with nano-Fe/Ca/CaO in both leachate samples. The coupling process, using 1.0 g L-1 of nano-Fe/Ca/CaO and 20 mM H2O2 doses, achieved enhancement removal of color, COD, and TSS, up to 95%, 96%, and 66%, respectively, without initial pH control. After this treatment, the color, COD, TSS, and heavy metals were significantly decreased, fitting the Korean discharge regulation limit. A hybrid coupled zero valent iron (ZVI)/H2O2 oxidation process with novel nanosized metallic calcium/iron dispersed reagent proved to be a suitable treatment for dealing with leachate samples. IMPLICATIONS Conventional treatments (biological or physicochemical) are not sufficient anymore to reach the level of purification needed to fully reduce the negative impact of landfill leachates on the environment. This implies that new treatment alternatives species must be proposed. A coupled zero valent iron (ZVI)/H2O2 oxidation process proved to be a suitable treatment for dealing with leachate samples. Coagulation with nFe/Ca/CaO allows 91-99% of heavy metals removal. The coupled coagulation-oxidation process by nFe/Ca/CaO reveals excellent ability to treat leachate. After coupled treatment the color, COD, and TSS were also much lower than the discharge regulation limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son Dong Lee
- a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Ulsan , Ulsan , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Byoung Ho Lee
- a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Ulsan , Ulsan , Republic of Korea
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35
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Rana S, Suresh S. Comparison of different Coagulants for Reduction of COD from Textile industry wastewater. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2017.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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36
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He Q, Wang H, Xu C, Zhang J, Zhang W, Zou Z, Yang K. Feasibility and optimization of wastewater treatment by chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT): a case study of Huangshi. CHEMICAL SPECIATION & BIOAVAILABILITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2016.1247657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiulai He
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Congyuan Xu
- Central and Southern China Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuocheng Zou
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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37
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Yazdanbakhsh AR, Mohammadi AS, Alinejad AA, Hassani G, Golmohammadi S, Mohseni SM, Sardar M, Sarsangi V. Reduction of non-Betalactam Antibiotics COD by Combined Coagulation and Advanced Oxidation Processes. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2016; 88:2121-2131. [PMID: 28661328 DOI: 10.2175/106143016x14733681695447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the reduction of antibiotic COD from wastewater by combined coagulation and advanced oxidation processes (AOPS). The reduction of Azithromycin COD by combined coagulation and Fenton-like processes reached a maximum 96.9% at a reaction time of 30 min, dosage of ferric chloride 120 mg/L, dosages of Fe0 and H2O2of 0.36mM/L and 0.38 mM/L, respectively. Also, 97.9% of Clarithromycin COD reduction, was achieved at a reaction time of 30 min, dosage of ferric chloride 120 mg/L, dosages of Fe0 and H2O2 of 0.3 mM/L and 0.3mM/L, respectively. The results of kinetic studies were best fitted to the pseudo first order equation. The results showed a higher rate constant value for combined coagulation and Fenton-like processes [(kap = 0.022 min-1 and half-life time of 31.5 min for Azithromycin) and (kap = 0.023 min-1 and half-life time of 30.1 min for Clarithromycin)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Reza Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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38
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Li RH, Zhang HB, Hu XQ, Gan WW, Li QP. An efficiently sustainable dextran-based flocculant: Synthesis, characterization and flocculation. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 159:342-350. [PMID: 27317940 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharide-modified flocculant is a notable material in the field of wastewater treatment. Synthesis of biopolysaccharide derivatives as eco-friendly flocculants is remarkably desired for environmental protection. This work presents an efficient flocculant synthesized through copolymerization of acrylamide, sodium acrylate (AS), and dextran. Physicochemical properties of the flocculant were evaluated. Process parameters of coal-washing wastewater flocculation were tested using Response Surface Method. The application of graft polymers exhibited efficient flocculation performance at low level of flocculant dosage in alkalescent environment. The improved dextran contributes to handle industrial effluent and sanitary sewage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Han Li
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193# Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Hong-Bin Zhang
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193# Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, Anhui Province, PR China.
| | - Xue-Qin Hu
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193# Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Wei-Wei Gan
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193# Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Qiu-Ping Li
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193# Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, Anhui Province, PR China
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Xie P, Chen Y, Ma J, Zhang X, Zou J, Wang Z. A mini review of preoxidation to improve coagulation. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 155:550-563. [PMID: 27153238 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Preoxidation has attracted people's attention due to its effectiveness in enhancing coagulation. The mechanisms, drawbacks and applications in the improvement of coagulation were summarized in this work. Preoxidation can destroy the organic coating on the surface of particles to change the zeta potential, which is the vital reason for improving coagulation. Co-existing metallic ions, such as calcium, iron and manganese, play important roles in the improvement of coagulation due to the formation of metal-humate complexes or the in situ formed coagulant. However, preoxidation could degrade organic matter from high molecular weight to low molecular weight and damage cell membrane of algae, causing intracellular algal organic matter to release outside and producing hydrophilic functional groups to some extent, which has the potential to deteriorate the water quality. Additionally, disinfection byproduct formation is also affected significantly through changing the characteristics of the organic and inorganic precursors. Based on the recent publications, some future developments of preoxidation process were suggested in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchao Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yiqun Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jing Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zongping Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Polyacrylamide as coagulant aid with polytitanium sulfate in humic acid-kaolin water treatment: Effect of dosage and dose method. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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41
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Kinyua EM, Mwangi IW, Wanjau RN, Ngila JC. Clarification of colloidal and suspended material in water using triethanolamine modified maize tassels. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:5214-5221. [PMID: 26561324 PMCID: PMC4819912 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5766-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Suspended particles in water are a major concern in global pollution management. They affect the appreciation of water due to clarity, photosynthesis, and poor oxygen environment rendering water unsuitable for aquatic animals. Some suspended materials contain functional groups capable of forming complex compounds with metals making them available for poisoning. Such material promotes the growth of bacteria and fouling that give rise to unpleasant taste and odor of the water and thus requires removal. Removal of suspended solids is normally achieved through sedimentation or filtration. However, some suspended colloidal particles are very stable in water and cannot settle while others are able to pass through the filter due to small size, hence difficult to remove. This study investigated the use of triethanolamine-modified maize tassels to form a flocculent for their removal. The modified maize tassels were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and it was found that the triethanolamine was anchored within the cellulose structure of the maize tassels. Clarification parameters such as settling time, reagent dosage, and pH were investigated. The best clarification was at a pH of 6.0 with clearance being less than in 30 min. The optimal flocculent dosage was found to be 3.5 ml of the material, showing that the material has a potential of enhancing clarity in polluted water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Mbuci Kinyua
- Department of Chemistry, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Isaac W Mwangi
- Department of Chemistry, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Ruth N Wanjau
- Department of Chemistry, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - J C Ngila
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, Corner Beit and Nind Street, Johannesburg, South Africa
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42
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Chen Y, Luo M, Cai W. Influence of operating parameters on the performance of magnetic seeding flocculation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:2873-2881. [PMID: 26467253 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, magnetic seeding flocculation was applied to remove copper (200 mg/L) and turbidity (180 mg/L) from simulated microetch copper waste. Fe3O4 particles (40 to 1600 mesh) were used as magnetic seeds. Poly-aluminum chloride (PAC) and anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) were added as coagulant and flocculant, respectively. The effect of operating factors, such as the dosages of the coagulant and flocculant, initial pH of the wastewater, and dosage and size of the magnetic seeds, on copper and turbidity removal was systematically investigated. In addition, settling speed, floc-size distribution, and volume of sludge were measured with and without the addition of magnetic seeds to compare the efficiency of magnetic seeding to that of traditional flocculation. The results indicated that the highest settling speed, the largest floc size, and the smallest volume of sludge were obtained simultaneously when the dosage and size of magnetic seeds were 2.0 g/L and 300–400 mesh, respectively. High removal efficiencies of 98.53 and 94.72 % for copper and turbidity, respectively, were also achieved under this condition; values that are 4.11 and 0.61 % higher, respectively, than those found in traditional flocculation. The high performance might be attributed to efficient collision of particles and slightly moderate vortex centrifugal force of inertia among the magnetic seeds, which could produce larger magnetic flocs with lower moisture.
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Purification and characterization of polysaccharides degradases produced by Alteromonas sp. A321. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 86:96-104. [PMID: 26774375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two different degradases from Alteromonas sp. A321 for polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera (DPE-L and DPE-P) were purified to homogeneity. The molecular weights of purified DPE-L and DPE-P were 75.2 and 102.5 kDa, respectively, and their internal sequences were analysed by LC-MS-MS. The enzymes exhibited an optimum temperature of 30-40 °C (DPE-L) and 35-45 °C (DPE-P), an optimum pH of 7.0 (DPE-L) and 6.0 (DPE-P). DPE-P was highly stable in the presence of EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline while DPE-L was inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline. The Km values of DPE-L and DPE-P were 2.93 mg/ml and 0.31 mg/ml and the Vmax values were 6.11 μmol/min/ml and 2.88 μmol/min/ml, respectively. Results of HPLC and ESI-MS analyses showed that enzymatic products were: Rha1(SO3H)1, Rha1(SO3H)1Gluc1, Rha2(SO3H)2Gluc1, and Rha3(SO3H)3Gluc1Xyl1 by DPE-L, and Glu2, Glu3, plus Glu4 by DPE-P, respectively. Thus DPE-L and DPE-P can be used to produce oligosaccharides which potentially revealed more of structure of polysaccharides from E. prolifera.
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Mani S, Bharagava RN. Exposure to Crystal Violet, Its Toxic, Genotoxic and Carcinogenic Effects on Environment and Its Degradation and Detoxification for Environmental Safety. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 237:71-104. [PMID: 26613989 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-23573-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Crystal Violet (CV), a triphenylmethane dye, has been extensively used in human and veterinary medicine as a biological stain, as a textile dye in textile processing industries and also used to provide a deep violet color to paints and printing ink. CV is also used as a mutagenic and bacteriostatic agent in medical solutions and antimicrobial agent to prevent the fungal growth in poultry feed. Inspite of its many uses, CV has been reported as a recalcitrant dye molecule that persists in environment for a long period and pose toxic effects in environment. It acts as a mitotic poison, potent carcinogen and a potent clastogene promoting tumor growth in some species of fish. Thus, CV is regarded as a biohazard substance. Although, there are several physico-chemical methods such as adsorption, coagulation and ion-pair extraction reported for the removal of CV, but these methods are insufficient for the complete removal of CV from industrial wastewaters and also produce large quantity of sludge containing secondary pollutants. However, biological methods are regarded as cost-effective and eco-friendly for the treatment of industrial wastewaters, but these methods also have certain limitations. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop such eco-friendly and cost-effective biological treatment methods, which can effectively remove the dye from industrial wastewaters for the safety of environment, as well as human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Mani
- Department of Environmental Microbiology (DEM), School for Environmental Sciences (SES), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 025, India
| | - Ram Naresh Bharagava
- Department of Environmental Microbiology (DEM), School for Environmental Sciences (SES), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 025, India.
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Gorin KV, Sergeeva YE, Butylin VV, Komova AV, Pojidaev VM, Badranova GU, Shapovalova AA, Konova IA, Gotovtsev PM. Methods coagulation/flocculation and flocculation with ballast agent for effective harvesting of microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 193:178-84. [PMID: 26133475 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of coagulant (FeCl3·6H2O), various flocculants based on polyacrylamide (PAA), polyethylenoxide (PEO) and flocculated biomass as ballast agent, dosage and sedimental time on flocculation efficiency of harvesting Chlorella vulgaris GKV1 cultivated in a laboratory were investigated. The results of this work indicated that the flocculation efficiency achieved about 90% after 5 min of sedimentation when adding of coagulant and flocculant mixture (FeCl3 50 mg/l+PEO based Sibfloc-718 7.5 mg/l) or flocculant with ballast agent (Sibfloc-718 7.5 mg/l+10% flocculated biomass). PAA and PEO showed good flocculation efficiency at dosage of 0.025 and 0.015 g/l, respectively without pH adjustment. Finally, the most suitable flocculation method was discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Gorin
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", NBICS-centre, Biotechnology and Bioenergy Laboratory, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation.
| | - Yana E Sergeeva
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", NBICS-centre, Biotechnology and Bioenergy Laboratory, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
| | - Victor V Butylin
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", NBICS-centre, Biotechnology and Bioenergy Laboratory, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiya V Komova
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", NBICS-centre, Biotechnology and Bioenergy Laboratory, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
| | - Victor M Pojidaev
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", NBICS-centre, Biotechnology and Bioenergy Laboratory, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
| | - Gulfiya U Badranova
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", NBICS-centre, Biotechnology and Bioenergy Laboratory, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
| | - Anna A Shapovalova
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", NBICS-centre, Biotechnology and Bioenergy Laboratory, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
| | - Irina A Konova
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", NBICS-centre, Biotechnology and Bioenergy Laboratory, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel M Gotovtsev
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", NBICS-centre, Biotechnology and Bioenergy Laboratory, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
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46
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Impact of pretreatment conditions and chemical ageing on ultrafiltration membrane performances. Diagnostic of a coagulation/adsorption/filtration process. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Dai X, Luo F, Zhang D, Dai L, Chen Y, Dong B. Waste-Activated Sludge Fermentation for Polyacrylamide Biodegradation Improved by Anaerobic Hydrolysis and Key Microorganisms Involved in Biological Polyacrylamide Removal. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11675. [PMID: 26144551 PMCID: PMC4491850 DOI: 10.1038/srep11675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
During the anaerobic digestion of dewatered sludge, polyacrylamide (PAM), a chemical conditioner, can usually be consumed as a carbon and nitrogen source along with other organic matter (e.g., proteins and carbohydrates in the sludge). However, a significant accumulation of acrylamide monomers (AMs) was observed during the PAM biodegradation process. To improve the anaerobic hydrolysis of PAM, especially the amide hydrolysis process, and to avoid the generation of the intermediate product AM, a new strategy is reported herein that uses an initial pH of 9, 200 mg COD/L of PAM and a fermentation time of 17 d. First, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize PAM removal in the anaerobic digestion of the sludge. The biological hydrolysis of PAM reached 86.64% under the optimal conditions obtained from the RSM. Then, the mechanisms for the optimized parameters that significantly improved the biological hydrolysis of PAM were investigated by the synergistic effect of the main organic compounds in the sludge, the floc size distribution, and the enzymatic activities. Finally, semi-continuous-flow experiments for a microbial community study were investigated based on the determination of key microorganisms involved in the biological hydrolysis of PAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fan Luo
- Guangzhou Municipal Engineering Design &Research Institute, 348 Huanshi East Road, Guangzhou, 510060
| | - Dong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lingling Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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Jung C, Oh J, Yoon Y. Removal of acetaminophen and naproxen by combined coagulation and adsorption using biochar: influence of combined sewer overflow components. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:10058-10069. [PMID: 25680690 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4191-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The combined coagulation and adsorption of targeted acetaminophen and naproxen using activated biochar and aluminum sulfate were studied under various synthetic "combined sewer overflow" (CSO) conditions. The biochar demonstrated better adsorption performance for both acetaminophen and naproxen (removal, 94.1 and 97.7%, respectively) than that of commercially available powdered activated carbon (removal, 81.6 and 94.1%, respectively) due to superior carbonaceous structure and surface properties examined by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The adsorption of naproxen was more favorable, occupying active adsorption sites on the adsorbents by naproxen due to its higher adsorption affinity compared to acetaminophen. Three classified CSO components (i.e., representing hydrophobic organics, hydrophilic organics, and inorganics) played different roles in the adsorption of both adsorbates, resulted in inhibition by humic acid complexation or metal ligands and negative electrostatic repulsion under adsorption and coagulation combined system. Adsorption alone with biochar was determined to be the most effective adsorptive condition for the removal of both acetaminophen and naproxen under various CSO conditions, while both coagulation alone and combined adsorption and coagulation failed to remove the acetaminophen and naproxen adequately due to an increase in ionic strength in the presence of spiked aluminum species derived from the coagulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanil Jung
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
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Li Y, Huang Z, Qiao L, Gao Y, Guan H, Hwang H, Aker WG, Wang P. Purification and characterization of a novel enzyme produced by Catenovulum sp. LP and its application in the pre-treatment to Ulva prolifera for bio-ethanol production. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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50
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Abstract
This study presents the effect of supplying electrochemically generated metallic ions (Al, Cu, and Fe) during an ozonation process for treating industrial wastewater. The pollutant removal efficiencies of the electrocoagulation (EC), ozonation, and coupled EC-ozonation processes were examined by the decrease in chemical oxygen demand (COD) as a function of treatment time. The EC was performed in a raw industrial wastewater, which has contributions from 39 chemical, 34 metal finishing, 22 textile, 11 leather, and 5 automotive plants, at pH (7.3) using a current density of 150 A/m2for 60 min, giving a 45% reduction in COD. The ozonation process was more effective with the same wastewater, reducing the COD by 52% after 60 min of treatment. Combining the EC and ozonation methods resulted in a synergistic process that improves the reduction of COD in a shorter time. In just 12 min the integrated process reduced the COD by 88%. Thus, the combination of EC and ozonation processes improves noticeably the wastewater quality, decreasing the treatment time and also reducing the sludge production.
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