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Tarigholizadeh S, Sushkova S, Rajput VD, Ranjan A, Arora J, Dudnikova T, Barbashev A, Mandzhieva S, Minkina T, Wong MH. Transfer and Degradation of PAHs in the Soil-Plant System: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:46-64. [PMID: 38108272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are highly toxic, persistent organic pollutants that threaten ecosystems and human health. Consistent monitoring is essential to minimize the entry of PAHs into plants and reduce food chain contamination. PAHs infiltrate plants through multiple pathways, causing detrimental effects and triggering diverse plant responses, ultimately increasing either toxicity or tolerance. Primary plant detoxification processes include enzymatic transformation, conjugation, and accumulation of contaminants in cell walls/vacuoles. Plants also play a crucial role in stimulating microbial PAHs degradation by producing root exudates, enhancing bioavailability, supplying nutrients, and promoting soil microbial diversity and activity. Thus, synergistic plant-microbe interactions efficiently decrease PAHs uptake by plants and, thereby, their accumulation along the food chain. This review highlights PAHs uptake pathways and their overall fate as contaminants of emerging concern (CEC). Understanding plant uptake mechanisms, responses to contaminants, and interactions with rhizosphere microbiota is vital for addressing PAH pollution in soil and ensuring food safety and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Svetlana Sushkova
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Anuj Ranjan
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Jayati Arora
- Amity Institute of Environmental Science, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
| | - Tamara Dudnikova
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Barbashev
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | | | - Tatiana Minkina
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education, and Research (CHEER), The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
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Tarigholizadeh S, Motafakkerazad R, Salehi-Lisar SY, Mohajel Kazemi E, Sushkova S, Minkina T. Phenanthrene uptake and translocation by Panicum miliaceum L. tissues: an experimental study in an artificial environment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:9281-9292. [PMID: 35689160 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01294-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as priority organic pollutants, are capable of accumulation in plants. Phenanthrene (Phe) is one of the most abundant low-molecular-weight PAH in the environment which is commonly used as a model PAH in many phytoremediation studies and as a representative compound for all PAHs group. This paper highlights the uptake, translocation, and accumulation of Phe by growing proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) in a pot experiment, subjected to 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 ppm of Phe treatment after 15 and 30 days. Phe naturally existed in P. miliaceum and its concentration showed a time-dependent reduction in treated plant tissues as well as in perlites. Phe concentration in shoots was higher than in roots. During the aging process, the uptake of Phe was diminished whereas translocation factor (TF) demonstrated an overall increasing trend among treatments. The shoot concentration factor (SCF) values were higher than those of root concentration factor (RCF) on both days 15 and 30 and the highest values for both parameters were achieved in 500 ppm of Phe. Both RCFs and SCFs generally tended to decrease with the increase of perlite Phe concentrations. These results suggested that Phe tended to transfer to the shoots and be metabolized there. The Phe concentration revealed a significant decline in all levels of treatment on both 15 (84 to 96%) and 30 (76 to 94%) days. Therefore, the presence of P. miliaceum was effective in promoting the phytoremediation of Phe polluted perlites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarieh Tarigholizadeh
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, 29 Bahman Boulevard, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Motafakkerazad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, 29 Bahman Boulevard, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Seyed Yahya Salehi-Lisar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, 29 Bahman Boulevard, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Mohajel Kazemi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, 29 Bahman Boulevard, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Svetlana Sushkova
- Southern Federal University, Stachki Ave., 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Southern Federal University, Stachki Ave., 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
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3
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Zhan F, Parajulee A, Binnington MJ, Gawor A, Wania F. A multi-pathway exposure assessment for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons among residents in the Athabasca oil sands region, Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:755-766. [PMID: 36883478 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00526c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to increasing emissions from ongoing development of the oil sands in Northern Alberta, Canada, there is concern that local residents and organisms are experiencing elevated exposures to hazardous contaminants. We modified an existing human bioaccumulation model (ACC-Human) to represent the local food chain in the Athabasca oil sands region (AOSR), the focus of oil sands development in Alberta. We used the model to assess the potential exposure to three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) among local residents that have a high intake of locally sourced traditional foods. To place these estimates into context, we complemented them with estimated PAH intake through market foods and smoking. Our approach was able to produce realistic body burdens of the PAHs in aquatic and terrestrial wildlife and in humans, both in magnitude and with respect to the relative difference between smokers and non-smokers. Over the model simulation period (1967-2009), market food was the dominant dietary exposure route for phenanthrene and pyrene, while local food, and in particular local fish, dominated the intake of benzo[a]pyrene. Exposure to benzo[a]pyrene therefore was also predicted to increase over time in concert with expanding oil sands operations. Those smoking at the average rate of Northern Albertans take in an additional amount of all three PAHs that is at least as large as dietary intake. Estimated daily intake rates are below toxicological reference thresholds for all three PAHs. However, daily intake of BaP in adults is only ∼20 fold below those thresholds and is predicted to increase. Key uncertainties in the assessment included the effect of food preparation on the PAH content in food (e.g., smoking of fish), the limited availability of market food contamination data specific to Canada, and the PAH content of the vapor phase of first-hand cigarette smoke. Considering the satisfactory model evaluation, ACC-Human AOSR should be suited to making predictions of future contaminant exposure based on development scenarios in the AOSR or in response to potential emission reduction efforts. It should also be applicable to other organic contaminants of concern released by oil sands operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faqiang Zhan
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4.
| | - Abha Parajulee
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4.
| | - Matthew J Binnington
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4.
| | - Anya Gawor
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4.
| | - Frank Wania
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4.
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Zhang D, Zhou K, Liu C, Li X, Pan S, Zhong L. Dissipation, uptake, translocation and accumulation of five phthalic acid esters in sediment-Zizania latifolia system. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 315:137651. [PMID: 36584829 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The dissipation, uptake, translocation and accumulation of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) including diallyl phthalate (DAP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in sediment-Zizania latifolia system were investigated by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector after a QuEChERS pretreatment method. The dissipation rates of PAEs in sediment were positively correlated with exposure time, and more than 68.12% of PAEs in sediment were decreased after 28 d even when the spiked contents were extremely high. All the five PAEs could be taken up by roots from contaminated sediment and subsequently be transported into stems and leaves. There were significant linear correlations between the sediment content and the content in each tissue. DEHP was most readily transported from sediment to roots and stems, followed by BBP, DBP, DIBP and DAP, whereas the order of transportation from roots to leaves was reversed. During 28 d of exposure, the average concentration of each PAE in stems was the highest, followed by roots, leaves and edible parts. DEHP and BBP were the major contaminants in edible parts but could not pose a risk to human health. The accumulation of PAEs in edible parts was influenced by the species and concentration of PAEs as well as the survival time and harvest time of edible parts. The differences in uptake and translocation behaviors among PAEs in plant tissues were significantly correlated to their physicochemical properties, such as alkyl chain length and octanol/water partition coefficient (logKow). The results reveal that Zizania latifolia is not only a kind of safe food, but also a potential plant to remediate contaminated sediment by accumulating and degrading PAEs from the habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chenqi Liu
- College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Siyi Pan
- College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lan Zhong
- Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Kösesakal T, Seyhan M. Naphthalene Stress Responses of the Aquatic fern Azolla Filiculoides Lam. and Evaluation of Phytoremediation Potential. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2126505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taylan Kösesakal
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Müge Seyhan
- Institute of Sciences, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
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Yi M, Zhang L, Qin C, Lu P, Bai H, Han X, Yuan S. Temporal changes of microbial community structure and nitrogen cycling processes during the aerobic degradation of phenanthrene. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131709. [PMID: 34340117 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phenanthrene (PHE) is frequently detected in worldwide soils. But it is still not clear that how the microbial community succession happens and the nitrogen-cycling processes alter during PHE degradation. In this study, the temporal changes of soil microbial community composition and nitrogen-cycling processes during the biodegradation of PHE (12 μg g-1) were explored. The results showed that the biodegradation of PHE followed the second-order kinetics with a half-life of 7 days. QPCR results demonstrated that the bacteria numbers increased by 67.1%-194.7% with PHE degradation, whereas, no significant change was observed in fungi numbers. Thus, high-throughput sequencing based on 16 S rRNA was conducted and showed that the abundances of Methylotenera, Comamonadaceae, and Nocardioides involved in PHE degradation and denitrification were significantly increased, while those of nitrogen-metabolism-related genera such as Nitrososphaeraceae, Nitrospira, Gemmatimonadacea were decreased in PHE-treated soil. Co-occurrence network analysis suggested that more complex interrelations were constructed, and Proteobacteria instead of Acidobacteriota formed intimate associations with other microbes in responding to PHE exposure. Additionally, the abundances of nifH and narG were significantly up-regulated in PHE-treated soil, while that of amoA especially AOAamoA was down-regulated. Finally, correlation analysis found several potential microbes (Methylotenera, Comamonadaceae, and Agromyces) that could couple PHE degradation and nitrogen transformation. This study confirmed that PHE could alter microbial community structure, change the native bacterial network, and disturb nitrogen-cycling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Yi
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Lilan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cunli Qin
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Peili Lu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongcheng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinkuan Han
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Shupei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
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7
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Zhao H, Gu Y, Liu X, Liu J, Waigi MG. Reducing Phenanthrene Contamination in Trifolium repens L. With Root-Associated Phenanthrene-Degrading Bacterium Diaphorobacter sp. Phe15. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:792698. [PMID: 34899673 PMCID: PMC8660855 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.792698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Some root-associated bacteria could degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in contaminated soil; however, their dynamic distribution and performance on root surface and in inner plant tissues are still unclear. In this study, greenhouse container experiments were conducted by inoculating the phenanthrene-degrading bacterium Diaphorobacter sp. Phe15, which was isolated from root surfaces of healthy plants contaminated with PAHs, with the white clover (Trifolium repens L.) via root irrigation or seed soaking. The dynamic colonization, distribution, and performance of Phe15 in white clover were investigated. Strain Phe15 could efficiently degrade phenanthrene in shaking flasks and produce IAA and siderophore. After cultivation for 30, 40, and 50 days, it could colonize the root surface of white clover by forming aggregates and enter its inner tissues via root irrigation or seed soaking. The number of strain Phe15 colonized on the white clover root surfaces was the highest, reaching 6.03 Log CFU⋅g–1 FW, followed by that in the roots and the least in the shoots. Colonization of Phe15 significantly reduced the contents of phenanthrene in white clover; the contents of phenanthrene in Phe15-inoculated plants roots and shoots were reduced by 29.92–43.16 and 41.36–51.29%, respectively, compared with the Phe15-free treatment. The Phe15 colonization also significantly enhanced the phenanthrene removal from rhizosphere soil. The colonization and performance of strain Phe15 in white clove inoculated via root inoculation were better than seed soaking. This study provides the technical support and the resource of strains for reducing the plant PAH pollution in PAH-contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujun Gu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Michael Gatheru Waigi
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Chai L, Li J, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wu Z. Growth and antioxidant response in Spirodela polyrrhiza under linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, naphthalene and their joint stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:61115-61127. [PMID: 34169418 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14452-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The synthetic organic surfactants linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon naphthalene (NAP), two common organic pollutants, are frequently detected in freshwater environments. However, the combined ecotoxicological risks associated with these pollutants have not been fully elucidated. The present study investigated the effects of individual and combined treatments of LAS and NAP on the growth and physiological responses of Spirodela polyrrhiza. The results showed that LAS was the main compound toxic to S. polyrrhiza in a dose-dependent manner. The peroxidase (POD) enzyme and catalase (CAT) enzyme are the main antioxidant enzymes protecting S. polyrrhiza from LAS stress. When exposed to NAP stress alone, only slightly reversible damage was observed as the exposure time was extended (14 days). The antioxidant enzyme systems (including superoxide dismutase (SOD), CAT and POD) showed positive responses. Synergistic effects were induced with LAS-NAP mixtures (≥ 5 + 5 mg L-1), and LAS played a major toxic role. The POD enzyme was a sensitive protective enzyme in duckweed during the joint exposure to LAS + NAP. The results indicate that LAS or NAP may cause serious damage to S. polyrrhiza and aggravate ecotoxicity in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Chai
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Li
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Yizhe Zhang
- Changjiang Water Resources Protection Institute, Wuhan, 430051, Hubei, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- Changjiang Water Resources Protection Institute, Wuhan, 430051, Hubei, China
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China.
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Rani R, Kumar V, Gupta P, Chandra A. Potential use of Solanum lycopersicum and plant growth promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) strains for the phytoremediation of endosulfan stressed soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 279:130589. [PMID: 33894513 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the role of Solanum lycopersicum and plant growth promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) strains to remove endosulfan present in the soil. S. lycopersicum was grown in endosulfan amended soil (5, 10, 25, and 50 mg kg-1) inoculated with PGPR strains for 40, 80, and 120 days. The influence of PGPR inoculation on endosulfan accumulation in plant tissues, endosulfan degradation in soil, and plant growth parameters were evaluated. The oxidative stress tolerance was assessed by determining the malondialdehyde formation in S. lycopersicum planted in endosulfan stressed soil inoculated with PGPR strains. The results showed that uptake of endosulfan followed root > shoot pathway in association with a reduction in endosulfan accumulation in inoculated plants as related to un-inoculated plants. Moreover, inoculation of PGPR strains showed a beneficial influence on the degradation of endosulfan, Bacillus sp. PRB101 showed maximum degradation (89% at 5 mg kg-1 of soil) of endosulfan at 120 days after sowing. Furthermore, the content of malondialdehyde was lower in inoculated plants as related to un-inoculated plants. Inoculation of PGPR strains efficiently enhanced plant biomass. The findings showed the effectiveness of PGPR strains to increase the decontamination of endosulfan stressed soil and decline endosulfan concentration in the plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Rani
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826 004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826 004, Jharkhand, India.
| | - Pratishtha Gupta
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826 004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Avantika Chandra
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826 004, Jharkhand, India
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Wolf DC, Cryder Z, Khoury R, Carlan C, Gan J. Bioremediation of PAH-contaminated shooting range soil using integrated approaches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138440. [PMID: 32315846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Serious contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) occurs at outdoor shooting ranges due to the accumulation of clay target fragments containing coal tar or petroleum pitch. These contaminated sites are characterized with high-molecular-weight PAHs that are low in bioavailability and recalcitrant to bioremediation. We evaluated the effectiveness of different remediation strategies, used individually or in combinations, to decontaminate PAHs in a shooting range soil. The treatments included vegetation with bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers] or switchgrass [Panicum virgatum]), bioaugmentation of Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1, and addition of surfactants (Brij-35, rhamnolipid biosurfactant, or Brij-35/sodium dodecyl sulfate mixture). The initial total PAH concentration in the shooting range soil was 373 mg/kg and consisted of primarily high-molecular-weight PAHs (84%). Planting of bermudagrass and switchgrass resulted in 36% and 27% ∑16PAH reduction compared to the non-vegetated control, respectively. Bermudagrass enhanced soil dehydrogenase activity and both vegetation treatments also increased polyphenol oxidase activity. Bioaugmentation of M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 had a significant effect only on the dissipation of high-molecular-weight PAHs, leading to a 15% decrease (∑10PAH) compared to the control. In the non-vegetated soil, Brij-35/sodium dodecyl sulfate mixture increased PAH degradation compared to the no surfactant control. The increased PAH biodegradation in the vegetated and bioaugmented treatments improved lettuce [Lactuca sativa] seed germination, suggesting reduced toxicity in the treated soils. Phytoremediation using bermudagrass or switchgrass with bioaugmentation of M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 was an effective in situ remediation option for shooting range soils with heavy PAH contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Wolf
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America.
| | - Z Cryder
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
| | - R Khoury
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
| | - C Carlan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
| | - J Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
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Posada-Baquero R, Jiménez-Volkerink SN, García JL, Vila J, Cantos M, Grifoll M, Ortega-Calvo JJ. Rhizosphere-enhanced biosurfactant action on slowly desorbing PAHs in contaminated soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 720:137608. [PMID: 32143055 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
We studied how sunflower plants affect rhamnolipid biosurfactant mobilization of slowly desorbing fractions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil from a creosote-contaminated site. Desorption kinetics of 13 individual PAHs revealed that the soil contained initially up to 50% slowly desorbing fractions. A rhamnolipid biosurfactant was applied to the soil at the completion of the sunflower cycle (75 days in greenhouse conditions). After this period, the PAHs that remained in the soil were mainly present in a slowly desorbing form as a result of the efficient biodegradation of fast-desorbing PAHs by native microbial populations. The rhamnolipid enhanced the bioavailable fraction of the remaining PAHs by up to 30%, as evidenced by a standardized desorption extraction with Tenax, but the enhancement occurred with only planted soils. The enhanced bioavailability did not decrease residual PAH concentrations under greenhouse conditions, possibly due to ecophysiological limitations in the biodegradation process that were independent of the bioavailability. However, biodegradation was enhanced during slurry treatment of greenhouse planted soils that received the biosurfactant. The addition of rhamnolipids caused a dramatic shift in the soil bacterial community structure, which was magnified in the presence of sunflower plants. The stimulated groups were identified as fast-growing and catabolically versatile bacteria. This new rhizosphere microbial biomass possibly interacted with the biosurfactant to facilitate intra-aggregate diffusion of PAHs, thus enhancing the kinetics of slow desorption. Our results show that the usually limited biosurfactant efficiency with contaminated field soils can be significantly enhanced by integrating the sunflower ontogenetic cycle into the bioremediation design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Posada-Baquero
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Avenida Reina Mercedes, 10, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Sara Nienke Jiménez-Volkerink
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - José Luis García
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Avenida Reina Mercedes, 10, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Joaquim Vila
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Manuel Cantos
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Avenida Reina Mercedes, 10, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Magdalena Grifoll
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Jose Julio Ortega-Calvo
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Avenida Reina Mercedes, 10, Seville 41012, Spain.
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12
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Lapie C, Sterckeman T, Paris C, Leglize P. Impact of phenanthrene on primary metabolite profiling in root exudates and maize mucilage. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:3124-3142. [PMID: 31838686 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07298-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon on the composition of rhizodeposits. Maize was submitted to increasing phenanthrene (PHE) concentrations in the substrate (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg PHE.kg-1 of dry sand). After 6 weeks of cultivation, two types of rhizodeposit solution were collected. The first one, called rhizospheric sand extract, resulted from the extraction of root adhering sand in order to collect mucilage and associated compounds. The second one, the diffusate solution, was collected by the diffusion of exudates from roots soaked in water. The impact of phenanthrene on maize morphology and functioning was measured prior to the analysis of the main components of the rhizodeposit solutions, by measuring total carbon, protein, amino acid, and sugars as well as by determining about 40 compounds using GC-MS and LC-MS. As maize exposure to PHE increased, different trends were observed in the two rhizodeposit solutions. In the diffusate solution, we measured a global increase of metabolites exudation like carbohydrates, amino acids, and proteins except for some monoglycerides and organic acids which exudation decreased in the presence of PHE. In the rhizospheric sand extract, we witnessed a decrease in carbohydrates and amino acids secretion as well as in fatty and organic acids when plants were exposed to PHE. Many of the compounds measured, like organic acids, carbohydrates, amino acids, or fatty acids, could directly or indirectly drive PAHs availability in soils with particular consequences for their degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Lapie
- Inrae, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, Université de Lorraine, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Thibault Sterckeman
- Inrae, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, Université de Lorraine, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Cédric Paris
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Biomolécules, Université de Lorraine, F-54000, Nancy, France
- Plateau d'Analyse Structurale et Métabolomique, SF4242, EFABA, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Pierre Leglize
- Inrae, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, Université de Lorraine, F-54000, Nancy, France.
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Rani R, Kumar V, Usmani Z, Gupta P, Chandra A. Influence of plant growth promoting rhizobacterial strains Paenibacillus sp. IITISM08, Bacillus sp. PRB77 and Bacillus sp. PRB101 using Helianthus annuus on degradation of endosulfan from contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 225:479-489. [PMID: 30897471 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Endosulfan is a broad spectrum insecticide used in agriculture for protection of various food and non-food crops. It is persistent in nature and hence found in soil, air and water. The potential use of plants and microorganisms for the removal of endosulfan from soil was studied. Helianthus annuus plant was grown in soil spiked with 5, 10, 25 and 50 mg kg-1 concentrations of endosulfan and inoculated with plant growth promoting rhizobacterial strains Paenibacillus sp. IITISM08, Bacillus sp. PRB77 and Bacillus sp. PRB101 for 40, 80 and 120 days. Potential of plant for endosulfan uptake was evaluated by investigating the endosulfan levels in plant tissues (root and shoot). The results indicated that endosulfan accumulation followed the pattern of root > shoot as well as decrease in uptake of endosulfan in root and shoot of a plant grown in bacterial inoculated soil as compared to un-inoculated soil. Bacterial inoculation had a positive effect on endosulfan degradation. Maximum degradation of 92% at 5 mg kg-1 of endosulfan in soil was observed on inoculation with PRB101 after 120 days of inoculation. The results showed that plant growth promoting bacteria enhances plant biomass production. Lipid peroxidation was also estimated by determining the malondialdehyde (MDA) production, which is a biomarker of oxidative damage. Decrease in MDA formation by root and leaves of plants grown in the bacteria inoculated plant was also observed. The results suggested the effectiveness of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria to boost accumulation potential, biomass production and enhance remediation of endosulfan contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Rani
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Dhanbad, 826 004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Dhanbad, 826 004, Jharkhand, India.
| | - Zeba Usmani
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Dhanbad, 826 004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Pratishtha Gupta
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Dhanbad, 826 004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Avantika Chandra
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Dhanbad, 826 004, Jharkhand, India
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Rani R, Kumar V, Gupta P, Chandra A. Effect of endosulfan tolerant bacterial isolates (Delftia lacustris IITISM30 and Klebsiella aerogenes IITISM42) with Helianthus annuus on remediation of endosulfan from contaminated soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 168:315-323. [PMID: 30390530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Endosulfan contaminated soil has become an important risk to the environment and human health worldwide. In the present study, endosulfan tolerant bacterial strain Delftia lacustris IITISM30 and Klebsiella aerogenes IITISM42 were isolated from pesticide stressed agricultural soil and tested for plant growth promoting activities. A pot experiment was performed using Helianthus annuus, grown in soil supplemented with endosulfan and inoculated with pure and consortium of bacterial strain IITISM30 and IITISM42. Inoculation increased plant biomass production and endosulfan degradation, maximum degradation (90% at 5 mg kg-1 of soil) was observed by inoculation with a consortium of bacterial strain IITISM30 and IITISM42. Moreover, there was significantly less endosulfan accumulation was observed in roots and shoots of bacterial inoculated plants as compared to uninoculated plants. Decrease in production of malonialdehyde (MDA) was noticed on inoculation of a bacterial strain. The study demonstrated that inoculation of a consortium of endosulfan tolerant plant growth promoting bacterial isolates could more effectively remediate endosulfan contaminated soils and decrease endosulfan residues in plants, than individual strains. Moreover, it revealed that combined use of H. annuus and endosulfan tolerant bacterial isolates IITISM30 and IITISM42 has great potential for remediating endosulfan contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Rani
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India.
| | - Pratishtha Gupta
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Avantika Chandra
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India
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Liduino VS, Servulo EFC, Oliveira FJS. Biosurfactant-assisted phytoremediation of multi-contaminated industrial soil using sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2018; 53:609-616. [PMID: 29388890 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2018.1429726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the use of commercial rhamnolipid biosurfactant supplementation in the phytoremediation of a soil via sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivation. The soil, obtained from an industrial area, was co-contaminated with heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons. The remediation tests were monitored for 90 days. The best results for removal of contaminants were obtained from the tests in which the sunflower plants were cultivated in soil with 4 mg kg-1 of the rhamnolipid. Under these conditions, reductions of 58% and 48% were obtained in the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations, respectively; reductions in the concentrations of the following metals were also achieved: Ni (41%), Cr (30%), Pb (29%), and Zn (20%). The PCR-DGGE analysis of soil samples collected before and after the treatments verified that the plant cultivation and biosurfactants supplementation had little effect on the structure of the dominant bacterial community in the soil. The results indicated that sunflower cultivation with the addition of a biosurfactant is a viable and efficient technology to treat soils co-contaminated with heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor S Liduino
- a Department of Biochemical Engineering , School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Eliana F C Servulo
- a Department of Biochemical Engineering , School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Fernando J S Oliveira
- b Petróleo Brasileiro SA. Gerência de Resíduos e Áreas Impactadas, Centro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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Sivaram AK, Logeshwaran P, Lockington R, Naidu R, Megharaj M. Impact of plant photosystems in the remediation of benzo[a]pyrene and pyrene spiked soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 193:625-634. [PMID: 29175394 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The phytoremediation potential of 14 different plant species belonging to C3 and C4 carbon fixation pathway for soils spiked with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and pyrene (PYR) was investigated. A glasshouse experiment was conducted to measure the changes in morphological, physiological, biochemical parameters and the bioaccumulation and biodegradation ability of the plants in soils spiked with 48 and 194 mg kg-1 of B[a]P and PYR, respectively. The per cent removal efficacy of B[a]P and PYR by the tested plant species over a period of 50 days was from 6 to 26% and 14 to 40% respectively. The maximum removal of both B[a]P and PYR was observed in Sudan grass (C4), vetiver (C4), maize (C4), and sunflower (C3). In terms of accumulation in root and shoot, the concentration of PYR was higher in both C3 and C4 plant species when compared to B[a]P. Overall the results indicated that C4 plants were more efficient than their C3 counterparts in terms of morphological, physiological, biochemical and degradation ability of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anithadevi Kenday Sivaram
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle (UoN), University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Advanced Technology Centre, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Panneerselvan Logeshwaran
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle (UoN), University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Advanced Technology Centre, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Robin Lockington
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Advanced Technology Centre, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle (UoN), University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Advanced Technology Centre, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle (UoN), University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Advanced Technology Centre, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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17
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Sivaram AK, Logeshwaran P, Subashchandrabose SR, Lockington R, Naidu R, Megharaj M. Comparison of plants with C3 and C4 carbon fixation pathways for remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soils. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2100. [PMID: 29391433 PMCID: PMC5794979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytoremediation technique has been demonstrated to be a viable option for the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated sites. This study evaluated the potential applicability of plants with C3 and C4 carbon fixation pathways for the phytoremediation of recalcitrant high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs contaminated soil. A 60 and 120-day greenhouse study was conducted which showed higher degradation of HMW PAHs in soil grown with C4 plants when compared to C3 plants. Also, no PAHs were detected in the maize cobs, sunflower, wallaby, and Sudan grass seeds at the end of the experiment. The effect of plants in modifying the microbial community and dynamics in the rhizosphere was also examined by measuring soil biochemical properties such as dehydrogenase activity and water-soluble phenols. The results demonstrate a substantial difference in the microbial populations between planted and unplanted soils, which in turn facilitate the degradation of PAHs. To the best of our knowledge, this study for the first time evaluated the phytoremediation efficacy through the A. cepa cyto- and genotoxicity assay which should be considered as an integral part of all remediation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anithadevi Kenday Sivaram
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle (UoN), University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environments, ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Panneerselvan Logeshwaran
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle (UoN), University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environments, ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Suresh R Subashchandrabose
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle (UoN), University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environments, ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Robin Lockington
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environments, ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle (UoN), University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environments, ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle (UoN), University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia.
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environments, ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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18
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Sun L, Zhu G, Liao X, Yan X. Interactions between Pteris vittata L. genotypes and a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacterium (Alcaligenes sp.) in arsenic uptake and PAH-dissipation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 230:862-870. [PMID: 28735243 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of two Pteris vittata L. accessions and a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacterium (Alcaligenes sp.) on arsenic (As) uptake and phenanthrene dissipation were studied. The Alcaligenes sp. survived in the rhizosphere and improved soil As bioavailability with co-exposure. However, bacterial inoculation altered Pteris vittata L. stress tolerance, and substantially affected the As distribution in the rhizosphere of the two P. vittata accessions. Bacterial inoculation was beneficial to protect the Guangxi accession against the toxic effects, and significantly increased plant As and phenanthrene removal ratios by 27.8% and 2.89%, respectively. In contrast, As removal was reduced by 29.8% in the Hunan accession, when compared with corresponding non-inoculated treatments. We conclude that plant genotype selection is critically important for successful microorganism-assisted phytoremediation of soil co-contaminated with As and PAHs, and appropriate genotype selection may enhance remediation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Sun
- Land Contamination Assessment and Remediation Laboratory, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China; China Geological Environmental Monitoring Institute, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Ganghui Zhu
- Land Contamination Assessment and Remediation Laboratory, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China; Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Xiaoyong Liao
- Land Contamination Assessment and Remediation Laboratory, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
| | - Xiulan Yan
- Land Contamination Assessment and Remediation Laboratory, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
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Lamichhane S, Bal Krishna KC, Sarukkalige R. Surfactant-enhanced remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 199:46-61. [PMID: 28527375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic organic compounds that are widely present in the environment. The bioremediation of PAHs is an economical and environmentally friendly remediation technique, but it is limited because PAHs have low water solubility and fewer bioavailable properties. The solubility and bioavailability of PAHs can be increased by using surfactants to reduce surface tension and interfacial tension; this method is called surfactant-enhanced remediation (SER). The SER of PAHs is influenced by many factors such as the type and concentration of surfactants, PAH hydrophobicity, temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved organic matter and microbial community. Furthermore, as mixed micelles have a synergistic effect on PAH solubilisation, selecting the optimum ratio of mixed surfactants leads to effective PAH remediation. Although the use of surfactants inhibits microbial activities in some cases, this could be avoided by choosing an optimum combination of surfactants and a proper microbial community for the targeted PAH(s), resulting in up to 99.99% PAH removal. This article reviews the literature on SER of PAHs, including surfactant types, the synergistic effect of mixed micelles on PAH removal, the impact of surfactants on the PAH biodegradation process, factors affecting the SER process, and the mechanisms of surfactant-enhanced solubilisation of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti Lamichhane
- Department of Civil Engineering, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - K C Bal Krishna
- School of Computing Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Ranjan Sarukkalige
- Department of Civil Engineering, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
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Liang X, Guo C, Liao C, Liu S, Wick LY, Peng D, Yi X, Lu G, Yin H, Lin Z, Dang Z. Drivers and applications of integrated clean-up technologies for surfactant-enhanced remediation of environments contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 225:129-140. [PMID: 28365510 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant-enhanced remediation (SER) is considered as a promising and efficient remediation approach. This review summarizes and discusses main drivers on the application of SER in removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from contaminated soil and water. The effect of PAH-PAH interactions on SER efficiency is, for the first time, illustrated in an SER review. Interactions between mixed PAHs could enhance, decrease, or have no impact on surfactants' solubilization power towards PAHs, thus affecting the optimal usage of surfactants for SER. Although SER can transfer PAHs from soil/non-aqueous phase liquids to the aqueous phase, the harmful impact of PAHs still exists. To decrease the level of PAHs in SER solutions, a series of SER-based integrated cleanup technologies have been developed including surfactant-enhanced bioremediation (SEBR), surfactant-enhanced phytoremediation (SEPR) and SER-advanced oxidation processes (SER-AOPs). In this review, the general considerations and corresponding applications of the integrated cleanup technologies are summarized and discussed. Compared with SER-AOPs, SEBR and SEPR need less operation cost, yet require more treatment time. To successfully achieve the field application of surfactant-based technologies, massive production of the cost-effective green surfactants (i.e. biosurfactants) and comprehensive evaluation of the drivers and the global cost of SER-based cleanup technologies need to be performed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujun Liang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuling Guo
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Changjun Liao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic of Environmental Protection Engineering, Foshan 528216, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lukas Y Wick
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ. Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dan Peng
- Department of Transportation and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yi
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guining Lu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hua Yin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhang Lin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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21
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Cheema SA, Khan MI, Tang X, Shen C, Farooq M, Chen Y. Surfactant enhanced pyrene degradation in the rhizosphere of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:18129-18136. [PMID: 27259960 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6987-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two non ionic surfactants (Tween 80 and Triton X-100), a biosurfactant (Lecithin), and randomly methylated-β-cyclodextrins (RAMEB) on the remediation of pyrene from soil planted with tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Soils with pyrene concentration of about 243 mg kg(-1) was grown with tall fescue and were individually amended with 0, 200, 600, 1000, and 1500 mg kg(-1) of Tween 80, Triton X-100, biosurfactant, and RAMEB. The results show that all surfactants significantly increased plant biomass compared to unamended soil. Dehydrogenase activity was also stimulated as a result of surfactant addition. Only 3.9 and 3.2 % of pyrene was decreased in the uncovered and covered abiotic sterile control, suggesting that microbial degradation was the main removal mechanism of pyrene from soil. In the planted treatment receiving no surfactant, the remediation of pyrene was 45 % which is significantly higher than that of corresponding unplanted control soil, suggesting that the cultivation of tall fescue alone could enhance the overall remediation of pyrene in soil. All surfactants had significantly higher rates of pyrene remediation compared to the unamended planted soil. Generally, RAMEB displayed the highest remediation rates, i.e., 64.4-79.1 % followed by the Triton X-100, i.e., 60.1-74.8 %. The positive impact of surfactants on pyrene remediation could possibly be because of their capacities to increase its bioavailability in soil. The evidence from this study suggests that the addition of surfactants could enhance phytoremediation of PAHs polluted soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sardar Alam Cheema
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Xianjin Tang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chaofeng Shen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Yingxu Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Grung M, Ruus A, Schneider SC, Hjermann DØ, Borgå K. Toxicokinetics of pyrene in the freshwater alga Chara rudis. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 157:49-56. [PMID: 27208645 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chara has been suggested a good model to study uptake of xenobiotics into cytoplasm due to their large internode cells surrounded by a layer of cortex cells. We studied the uptake and elimination of pyrene (nominal concentration of 5 μg L(-1)) in the freshwater alga Chara rudis during 22 days in two treatments mimicking epilimnetic (warm and light) and hypolimnetic (cold and dark) conditions. The growth of Chara during the exposure was higher in epilimnetic conditions (40%) compared to both hypolimnetic pyrene exposed Chara and controls (epilimnetic and hypolimnetic, no pyrene). In the water, a more rapid dissipation of pyrene was observed in epilimnetic conditions, possibly as a result of the increased algal growth. In the cortex, pyrene, 1-OH-pyrene (minor metabolite) and an unknown hydrophobic major metabolite was measured. Pyrene amounts decreased over time, while amounts of the unknown metabolite increased. In internode cytoplasm, pyrene and 1-OH-pyrene showed initially increasing followed by decreasing trends, while the unknown metabolite was not detected. The total mass balance showed that we were able to account for the applied pyrene until 4 days of exposure. However, after this time, there was a significant decrease in amounts accounted for by fluorescence, suggesting that the metabolism of pyrene involves degradation of the ring structure. The degradation was larger in epilimnetic than hypolimnetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merete Grung
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anders Ruus
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Katrine Borgå
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway; Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Pb. 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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Agnello AC, Huguenot D, van Hullebusch ED, Esposito G. Citric acid- and Tween(®) 80-assisted phytoremediation of a co-contaminated soil: alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) performance and remediation potential. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:9215-9226. [PMID: 26838038 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5972-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A pot experiment was designed to assess the phytoremediation potential of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in a co-contaminated (i.e., heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons) soil and the influence of citric acid and Tween(®) 80 (polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate), applied individually and combined together, for their possible use in chemically assisted phytoremediation. The results showed that alfalfa plants could tolerate and grow in a co-contaminated soil. Over a 90-day experimental time, shoot and root biomass increased and negligible plant mortality occurred. Heavy metals were uptaken by alfalfa to a limited extent, mostly by plant roots, and their concentration in plant tissues were in the following order: Zn > Cu > Pb. Microbial population (alkane-degrading microorganisms) and activity (lipase enzyme) were enhanced in the presence of alfalfa with rhizosphere effects of 9.1 and 1.5, respectively, after 90 days. Soil amendments did not significantly enhance plant metal concentration or total uptake. In contrast, the combination of citric acid and Tween(®) 80 significantly improved alkane-degrading microorganisms (2.4-fold increase) and lipase activity (5.3-fold increase) in the rhizosphere of amended plants, after 30 days of experiment. This evidence supports a favorable response of alfalfa in terms of tolerance to a co-contaminated soil and improvement of rhizosphere microbial number and activity, additionally enhanced by the joint application of citric acid and Tween(®) 80, which could be promising for future phytoremediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Agnello
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (EA 4508), UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Meccanica, Università degli Studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, via Di Biasio 43, 03043, Cassino, FR, Italy
| | - D Huguenot
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (EA 4508), UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France.
| | - E D van Hullebusch
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (EA 4508), UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - G Esposito
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Meccanica, Università degli Studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, via Di Biasio 43, 03043, Cassino, FR, Italy
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Lin Q, Yang X, Huang X, Wang S, Chao Y, Qiu R. Subcellular distribution and uptake mechanism of di-n-butyl phthalate in roots of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) seedlings. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:329-337. [PMID: 26304812 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5247-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) are of particular concern due to their potential environmental risk to human and nonhuman organisms. Although uptake of PAEs by plants has been reported by several researchers, information about the intracellular distribution and uptake mechanisms of PAEs is still lacking. In this study, a series of hydroponic experiments using intact pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) seedlings was conducted to investigate how di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), one of the most frequently identified PAEs in the environment, enters and is distributed in roots. DnBP was transported into subcellular tissues rapidly in the initial uptake period (<12 h). More than 80% of DnBP was detected in the cell walls and organelles, which suggests that DnBP is primarily accumulated in these two fractions due to their high affinity to DnBP. The kinetics of DnBP uptake were fitted well with the Michaelis-Menten equation, suggesting that a carrier-mediated process was involved. The application of 2,4-dinitrophenol and sodium vanadate reduced the uptake of DnBP by 37 and 26%, respectively, while aquaporin inhibitors, silver and glycerol, had no effect on DnBP uptake. These data demonstrated that the uptake of DnBP included a carrier-mediated and energy-dependent process without the participation of aquaporins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqi Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, D604, Dihuan Building, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiuhong Yang
- Experimental Teaching Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai Campus, Tangjiawan Town, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Xiongfei Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, D604, Dihuan Building, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, D604, Dihuan Building, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shizhong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, D604, Dihuan Building, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, D604, Dihuan Building, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Yuanqing Chao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, D604, Dihuan Building, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, D604, Dihuan Building, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, D604, Dihuan Building, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, D604, Dihuan Building, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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Li W, Xu L, Wu J, Ma L, Liu M, Jiao J, Li H, Hu F. Effects of Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA), a Plant Hormone, on the Ryegrass Yield and the Removal of Fluoranthene from Soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2015; 17:422-428. [PMID: 25495932 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2014.910172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A soil culture experiment was conducted to determine whether a plant hormone, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), could influence fluoranthene (Flu) removal from soil. Four treatments were utilized: (i) unplanted soil (CK), (ii) soil planted with ryegrass (P), (iii) soil planted with ryegrass and treated with 0.24 mg kg(-1) IAA (P+0.24), (iv) soil planted with ryegrass and treated with 2.4 mg kg(-1) IAA (P+2.4). The Flu initial concentration was 200 mg kg(-1). After 3 months, the percentage of Flu removal and plant root biomass were significantly increased under the P+2.4 and the removal rate was 35.68%. The total Flu content in plants was higher than that in the other treatments. The Flu concentration was significantly increased in the shoots, but not significantly altered in the roots. The highest translocation factor was observed in the P+2.4. Increase in number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi were observed in the planted treatments, and the amount of fungi was significantly increased in P+2.4. Flu removal was related to the Flu in ryegrass, and was insignificantly correlated with the stimulation of soil microflora, which suggesting that IAA may work mainly on improving plant growth, the Flu uptake, and eventually leading to enhanced remediation of Flu polluted soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Li
- a College of Resources and Environmental Sciences , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , PR China
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Colonization on root surface by a phenanthrene-degrading endophytic bacterium and its application for reducing plant phenanthrene contamination. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108249. [PMID: 25247301 PMCID: PMC4172705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A phenanthrene-degrading endophytic bacterium, Pn2, was isolated from Alopecurus aequalis Sobol grown in soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Based on morphology, physiological characteristics and the 16S rRNA gene sequence, it was identified as Massilia sp. Strain Pn2 could degrade more than 95% of the phenanthrene (150 mg·L−1) in a minimal salts medium (MSM) within 48 hours at an initial pH of 7.0 and a temperature of 30°C. Pn2 could grow well on the MSM plates with a series of other PAHs, including naphthalene, acenaphthene, anthracene and pyrene, and degrade them to different degrees. Pn2 could also colonize the root surface of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam), invade its internal root tissues and translocate into the plant shoot. When treated with the endophyte Pn2 under hydroponic growth conditions with 2 mg·L−1 of phenanthrene in the Hoagland solution, the phenanthrene concentrations in ryegrass roots and shoots were reduced by 54% and 57%, respectively, compared with the endophyte-free treatment. Strain Pn2 could be a novel and useful bacterial resource for eliminating plant PAH contamination in polluted environments by degrading the PAHs inside plants. Furthermore, we provide new perspectives on the control of the plant uptake of PAHs via endophytic bacteria.
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27
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Abbasi M, Saeed F, Rafique U. Preparation of Silver Nanoparticles from Synthetic and Natural Sources: Remediation Model for PAHs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/60/1/012061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Singh V, Singh N. Uptake and accumulation of endosulfan isomers and its metabolite endosulfan sulfate in naturally growing plants of contaminated area. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 104:189-193. [PMID: 24681448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Endosulfan isomers (α+β) and its main metabolite endosulfan sulfate were analyzed in naturally growing vegetation of pesticide contaminated area in Ghaziabad, India. Seven species of dominating plants were collected at different locations within the contaminated area. Endosulfan residues from plant parts and soil were extracted and determined by a gas chromatograph equipped with 63Ni electron capture detector (GC-ECD). Endosulfan isomers and endosulfan sulfate were present in almost all soil and plant samples. The concentration of total endosulfan in plant and soil samples analyzed ranged from 14 to 343ng g(-1) and 13 to 938ng g(-1) respectively. Out of seven plant species studied, Vetiveria zizanioides (Khus Khus) and Sphenoclea zeylamica (Chikenspike) showed the highest and lowest accumulation respectively, with a significant difference at p<0.01 level. Vetiveria zizanioides and Digitaria longiflora (Crab grass) could accumulate considerable levels of endosulfan isomers (α+β) (343 and 163ng g(-1) respectively) and endosulfan sulfate (21 and 2ng g(-1), respectively). The outcomes of the study reflect the value of test species in monitoring purposes and their potential for remediation of contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Singh
- Eco Auditing Group, National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, U.P., India.
| | - Nandita Singh
- Eco Auditing Group, National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, U.P., India.
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29
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Wang P, Wu TH, Zhang Y. In situ investigation the photolysis of the PAHs adsorbed on mangrove leaf surfaces by synchronous solid surface fluorimetry. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84296. [PMID: 24404158 PMCID: PMC3880285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An established synchronous solid surface fluorimetry (S-SSF) was utilized for in situ study the photolysis processes of anthracene (An) and pyrene (Py) adsorbed on the leaf surfaces of Kandelia obovata seedlings (Ko) and Aegiceras corniculata (L.) Blanco seedlings (Ac). Experimental results demonstrated that the photolysis of An and Py adsorbed on the leaf surfaces of two mangrove species under the laboratory conditions, followed first-order kinetics with their photolysis rates in the order of Ac>Ko. In addition, with the same amount of substances, the photolysis rate of An adsorbed on the same mangrove leaf surfaces was much faster than the adsorbed Py. In order to investigate further, the photolysis processes of An and Py in water were also studied for comparison. And the photolysis of An and Py in water also followed first-order kinetics. Moreover, for the same initial amount, the photolysis rate of the PAH in water was faster than that adsorbed on the leaf surfaces of two mangrove species. Therefore, photochemical behaviors of PAHs were dependent not only on their molecular structures but also the physical-chemical properties of the substrates on which they are adsorbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tun-Hua Wu
- School of Information and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science (Xiamen University), Environmental Science Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Calonne M, Fontaine J, Debiane D, Laruelle F, Grandmougin-Ferjani A, Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui A. The arbuscular mycorrhizal Rhizophagus irregularis activates storage lipid biosynthesis to cope with the benzo[a]pyrene oxidative stress. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 97:30-7. [PMID: 24246754 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The phytoremediation assisted by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could constitute an ecological and economic method to restore polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) polluted soils. Unfortunately, little is known about the PAH impact on the beneficial symbiotic AMF. Using radiolabelling experiments, our work aims to understand how benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a representative of high molecular weight PAH, acts on the AMF lipid metabolism. Our results showed decreases in the sterol precursors as well as in total phospholipid quantities, in link with the [1-(14)C]acetate incorporation decreases in these lipids. Interestingly, a concomitant increase of [1-(14)C]acetate incorporation by 29.5% into phosphatidylcholine with its content decrease in Rhizophagus irregularis extraradical mycelium was observed, suggesting a membrane regeneration. A second concomitant increase (estimated to 69%) of [1-(14)C]acetate incorporation into triacylglycerols (TAG) with the content decrease was also observed. This suggests a fungal TAG biosynthesis activation probably to offset the decrease in storage lipid content when the fungus was grown under B[a]P pollution. In addition, our findings showed that lipase activity was induced by more than 3 fold in the presence of B[a]P in comparison to the control indicating that the drop in TAG content could be a consequence of their active degradation. Taken together, our data suggest the involvement of the fungal TAG metabolism to cope B[a]P toxicity through two means: (i) by providing carbon skeletons and energy necessary for membrane regeneration and/or for B[a]P translocation and degradation as well as (ii) by activating the phosphatidic acid and hexose metabolisms which may be involved in cellular stress defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryline Calonne
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), 50, rue Ferdinand Buisson, F-62228 Calais, France
| | - Joël Fontaine
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), 50, rue Ferdinand Buisson, F-62228 Calais, France
| | - Djouher Debiane
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), 50, rue Ferdinand Buisson, F-62228 Calais, France
| | - Frédéric Laruelle
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), 50, rue Ferdinand Buisson, F-62228 Calais, France
| | - Anne Grandmougin-Ferjani
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), 50, rue Ferdinand Buisson, F-62228 Calais, France
| | - Anissa Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), 50, rue Ferdinand Buisson, F-62228 Calais, France.
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Gartler J, Wimmer B, Soja G, Reichenauer TG. Effects of rapeseed oil on the rhizodegradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in contaminated soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2014; 16:671-683. [PMID: 24933877 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2013.856841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants have the ability to promote degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in contaminated soil by supporting PAH degrading microorganisms in the rhizosphere (rhizodegradation). The aim of this study was to evaluate if rapeseed oil increases rhizodegradation because various studies have shown that vegetable oils are able to act as extractants for PAHs in contaminated soils and therefore might increase bioavailability of PAHs for microbial degradation. In this study different leguminous and grass species were tested. The results suggested a significant impact of vegetable oil (1 and 3% w/w) on plant growth (decrease of plant height and biomass). The results of the pot experiment showed a decrease in the PAH content of the soil without amendment of rapeseed oil after six months. In soil amended with 1% and 3% of oil, there was no decrease in PAH content within this period. Although no enhancement of PAH degradation by plants could be measured in the bulk soil of the pot experiments, a rhizobox experiment showed a significant reduction of PAH content in the rhizosphere of alfalfa (Medicago sativa cv. Europe). Our investigations also showed significant differences in the degradation behaviour of the 16 individually analysed PAHs.
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Wang P, Wu TH, Zhang Y. Monitoring and visualizing of PAHs into mangrove plant by two-photon laser confocal scanning microscopy. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2012; 64:1654-1658. [PMID: 22705073 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we described the applications of two-photon laser confocal scanning microscopy (TPLCSM) for in situ monitoring and visualizing the localizations and movements of naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene into living Aegiceras corniculata (L.) Blanco seedlings (A. corniculata). Experimental results demonstrated that all of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were observed entering into the root of A. corniculata and being transmitted to the stem. The transport processes and subsequent storages of the three typical PAHs into A. corniculata were similar. Further studies indicated that the transmission rates of the PAHs in A. corniculata were in the order of naphthalene>phenanthrene>pyrene. Compared with the control group, the growth of the A. corniculata was inhibited by these three specific PAHs, and the inbibitional effect of naphthalene was the most obvious (P<0.05). Furthermore, without the need for sample manipulation or modification this TPLCSM provides us a real-time tool for direct observation of organic chemicals within plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Nesterenko-Malkovskaya A, Kirzhner F, Zimmels Y, Armon R. Eichhornia crassipes capability to remove naphthalene from wastewater in the absence of bacteria. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 87:1186-1191. [PMID: 22365276 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the potential of an aquatic plant, the water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) devoid rhizospheric bacteria, to reduce naphthalene (a polyaromatic hydrocarbon) present in wastewater and wetlands. The capability of sterile water hyacinth plants to remove naphthalene from water and wastewater was studied in batch systems. Water hyacinths enhance the removal of pollutants through their consumption as nutrients and also through microbial activity of their rhizospheric bacteria. Experimental kinetics of naphthalene removal by water hyacinth coupled with natural rhizospheric bacteria was 100% after 9 d. Plants, decoupled of rhizospheric bacteria, reduced naphthalene concentration up to 45% during 7 d. Additionally, naphthalene uptake by water hyacinth revealed a biphasic behavior: a rapid first phase completed after 2.5 h, and a second, considerably slower rate, phase (2.5-225 h). In conclusion, water hyacinth devoid rhizospheric bacteria reduced significantly naphthalene concentration in water, revealing a considerable plant contribution in the biodegradation process of this pollutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nesterenko-Malkovskaya
- Environmental, Water Resources and Agricultural Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel
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Zhan X, Zhang X, Yin X, Ma H, Liang J, Zhou L, Jiang T, Xu G. H(+)/phenanthrene symporter and aquaglyceroporin are implicated in phenanthrene uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2012; 41:188-196. [PMID: 22218187 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2011.0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous organic pollutants that are toxic to human and nonhuman organisms. Dietary intake of PAHs is a dominant route of exposure for the general population because food crops are a major source of dietary PAHs. The mechanism for crop root uptake of PAHs remains unclear. Here we reveal that wheat root uptake of PAHs involves active and passive processes. The passive uptake is mercury and glycerol dependent. Mercury and glycerol inhibit uptake, indicating that aquaglyceroporins sensitive to mercury contribute to passive uptake. Active uptake is mediated by a phenanthrene/H symporter. The electrical response of wheat roots triggered by phenanthrene consists of two sequential phases: depolarization followed by repolarization. The depolarization is phenanthrene concentration dependent, with saturation kinetics that have an apparent of K(m) 10.8 μmol L(-1). As uptake proceeds, external solution pH increase is noticed. Lower pH favors the uptake. Vanadate and 2,4-dinitrophenol suppress the electrical response to phenanthrene and phenanthrene uptake, suggesting that plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase is involved in the establishment of an electrochemical proton gradient acting as a driving force for active uptake. Therefore, it is suggested that aquaglyceroporin and phenanthrene/H symporter are implicated in phenanthrene uptake. Our results provide insight into PAH uptake mechanism in wheat roots that is relevant to strategies for reducing PAH accumulation in wheat for food safety, improving phytoremediation of PAH-contaminated soils or water by agronomic practices and genetic modification to target remedial plants for higher PAH uptake capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Zhan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
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Sun L, Yan X, Liao X, Wen Y, Chong Z, Liang T. Interactions of arsenic and phenanthrene on their uptake and antioxidative response in Pteris vittata L. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:3398-3405. [PMID: 21924806 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The interactions of arsenic and phenanthrene on plant uptake and antioxidative response of Pteris vitatta L. were studied hydroponically. The combination of arsenic and phenanthrene decreased arsenic contents in fronds by 30-51%, whereas increased arsenic concentrations 1.2-1.6 times in roots, demonstrating the suppression of arsenic translocation compared to the corresponding treatment without phenanthrene. Under the co-exposure, As(III) concentrations in fronds deceased by 12-73%, and at higher arsenic exposure level (≥ 10 mg/L), As(V) in fronds and As(III) in roots increased compared to the single arsenic treatment. Arsenic exposure elevated phenanthrene concentrations in root by 39-164%. The co-existence of arsenic and phenanthrene had little impact on plant arsenic accumulation, although synergistic effect on antioxidants was observed, suggesting the special physiological process of P. vitatta in the co-exposure and application potential of P. vitatta in phytoremediation of arsenic and PAHs co-contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Sun
- Beijing Key Lab of Industrial Land Contamination and Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
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Debiane D, Calonne M, Fontaine J, Laruelle F, Grandmougin-Ferjani A, Lounes-Hadj Sahraoui A. Lipid content disturbance in the arbuscular mycorrhizal, Glomus irregulare grown in monoxenic conditions under PAHs pollution. Fungal Biol 2011; 115:782-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kang F, Chen D, Gao Y, Zhang Y. Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in subcellular root tissues of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 10:210. [PMID: 20860818 PMCID: PMC2956559 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-10-210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of the increasing quantity and high toxicity to humans of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment, several bioremediation mechanisms and protocols have been investigated to restore PAH-contaminated sites. The transport of organic contaminants among plant cells via tissues and their partition in roots, stalks, and leaves resulting from transpiration and lipid content have been extensively investigated. However, information about PAH distributions in intracellular tissues is lacking, thus limiting the further development of a mechanism-based phytoremediation strategy to improve treatment efficiency. RESULTS Pyrene exhibited higher uptake and was more recalcitrant to metabolism in ryegrass roots than was phenanthrene. The kinetic processes of uptake from ryegrass culture medium revealed that these two PAHs were first adsorbed onto root cell walls, and they then penetrated cell membranes and were distributed in intracellular organelle fractions. At the beginning of uptake (< 50 h), adsorption to cell walls dominated the subcellular partitioning of the PAHs. After 96 h of uptake, the subcellular partition of PAHs approached a stable state in the plant water system, with the proportion of PAH distributed in subcellular fractions being controlled by the lipid contents of each component. Phenanthrene and pyrene primarily accumulated in plant root cell walls and organelles, with about 45% of PAHs in each of these two fractions, and the remainder was retained in the dissolved fraction of the cells. Because of its higher lipophilicity, pyrene displayed greater accumulation factors in subcellular walls and organelle fractions than did phenanthrene. CONCLUSIONS Transpiration and the lipid content of root cell fractions are the main drivers of the subcellular partition of PAHs in roots. Initially, PAHs adsorb to plant cell walls, and they then gradually diffuse into subcellular fractions of tissues. The lipid content of intracellular components determines the accumulation of lipophilic compounds, and the diffusion rate is related to the concentration gradient established between cell walls and cell organelles. Our results offer insights into the transport mechanisms of PAHs in ryegrass roots and their diffusion in root cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxing Kang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resource and Environment Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dongsheng Chen
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resource and Environment Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resource and Environment Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resource and Environment Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Abhilash PC, Singh N. Effect of growing Sesamum indicum L. on enhanced dissipation of lindane (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-hexachlorocyclohexane) from soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2010; 12:440-453. [PMID: 21166287 DOI: 10.1080/15226510903213944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effect of growing Sesamum indicum L. on the dissipation of lindane (gamma-HCH) was studied in spiked soil. For this, S. indicum was grown with four different concentrations of lindane (5, 10, 15, and 20 microg g(-1)). Plant growth, yield, photosynthetic pigments, soluble protein, microbial biomass carbon, lindane uptake, residual lindane concentration in soil and percentage dissipation of lindane from soil were analyzed at 25, 90, and 124 d. The accumulation of lindane in test plants was linearly related to the soil concentration (r2 = 0.897-0.979). At maturity, the accumulation of lindane in S. indicum grown with four spiked concentrations reached up to 7.98, 13.72, 23.71, and 33.29 microg g(-1) dry matter, respectively. There was a marked difference in the dissipation of lindane in vegetated and non-vegetated soils (p < 0.01). After final harvesting, the residual lindane concentrations in four spiked concentrations were reduced by 77.56, 70.12, 62.51, and 58.7%, respectively. Agronomic practice for the onsite application of this species is discussed. Based on the present study, it was calculated that S. indicum could accumulate 2237-2611 mg lindane per acre after 124 d cultivation. S. indicum could thus be used for the phytoremediation of lindane contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Abhilash
- Eco-Auditing Group, National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Zhan XH, Ma HL, Zhou LX, Liang JR, Jiang TH, Xu GH. Accumulation of phenanthrene by roots of intact wheat (Triticum acstivnm L.) seedlings: passive or active uptake? BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 10:52. [PMID: 20307286 PMCID: PMC2923526 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-10-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of particular concern due to their hydrophobic, recalcitrant, persistent, potentially carcinogenic, mutagenic and toxic properties, and their ubiquitous occurrence in the environment. Most of the PAHs in the environment are present in surface soil. Plants grown in PAH-contaminated soils or water can become contaminated with PAHs because of their uptake. Therefore, they may threaten human and animal health. However, the mechanism for PAHs uptake by crop roots is little understood. It is important to understand exactly how PAHs are transported into the plant root system and into the human food chain, since it is beneficial in governing crop contamination by PAHs, remedying soils or waters polluted by PAHs with plants, and modeling potential uptake for risk assessment. RESULTS The possibility that plant roots may take up phenanthrene (PHE), a representative of PAHs, via active process was investigated using intact wheat (Triticum acstivnm L.) seedlings in a series of hydroponic experiments. The time course for PHE uptake into wheat roots grown in Hoagland solution containing 5.62 microM PHE for 36 h could be separated into two periods: a fast uptake process during the initial 2 h and a slow uptake component thereafter. Concentration-dependent PHE uptake was characterized by a smooth, saturable curve with an apparent Km of 23.7 microM and a Vmax of 208 nmol g(-1) fresh weight h(-1), suggesting a carrier-mediated uptake system. Competition between PHE and naphthalene for their uptake by the roots further supported the carrier-mediated uptake system. Low temperature and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) could inhibit PHE uptake equally, indicating that metabolism plays a role in PHE uptake. The inhibitions by low temperature and DNP were strengthened with increasing concentration of PHE in external solution within PHE water solubility (7.3 muM). The contribution of active uptake to total absorption was almost 40% within PHE water solubility. PHE uptake by wheat roots caused an increase in external solution pH, implying that wheat roots take up PHE via a PHE/nH+ symport system. CONCLUSION It is concluded that an active, carrier-mediated and energy-consuming influx process is involved in the uptake of PHE by plant roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hua Zhan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
| | - Heng-Liang Ma
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
| | - Li-Xiang Zhou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
| | - Jian-Ru Liang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
| | - Ting-Hui Jiang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
- Current address: Greenstar Plant Products Inc, 9430 198 St, Langley, BC, V1M 3C8, Canada
| | - Guo-Hua Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
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Ma B, He Y, Chen HH, Xu JM, Rengel Z. Dissipation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the rhizosphere: synthesis through meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2010; 158:855-861. [PMID: 19854547 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2009] [Revised: 09/20/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread and persistent organic pollutants with high carcinogenic effect and toxicity; their behavior and fate in the soil-plant system have been widely investigated. In the present paper, meta-analysis was used to explore the interaction between plant growth and dissipation of PAHs in soil based on the large body of published literature. Plants have a promoting effect on PAH dissipation in soils. There was no difference in PAH dissipation between soils contaminated with single and mixed PAHs. However, plants had a more obvious effect on PAH dissipation in freshly-spiked soils than in long-term field-polluted soils. Additionally, a positive effect of the number of microbial populations capable of degrading PAHs was observed in the rhizosphere compared with the bulk soil. Our meta-analysis established the importance of the rhizosphere effect on PAH dissipation in variety of the soil-plant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
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Gao Y, Zeng Y, Shen Q, Ling W, Han J. Fractionation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon residues in soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 172:897-903. [PMID: 19692170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the forms and availabilities of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) would have considerable benefits for their risk assessment, and is of crucial importance for food security and remediation strategies in contaminated sites. In this work, the forms of six PAHs (fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, and benzo[a]pyrene) in soils were separated into three fractions including a desorbing fraction, a non-desorbing fraction, and a bound residual fraction using a sequential extraction mass balance approach. The desorbing and non-desorbing fractions were extracted with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD) and dichloromethane:acetone (1:1, vol/vol), respectively. The desorbing and non-desorbing fractions always dominated the total PAH content in soils. The proportion of bound PAH residue in nonsterilized soils was small (<16%), and even smaller (4.5%) in sterilized soils. The concentrations of the desorbing fraction of PAHs as well as the percentage of this fraction to the total PAH content in soils clearly decreased in 0-16 weeks, which may be due to microbial biodegradation and its transfer to other fractions in soils. The concentrations of the non-desorbing PAH fractions increased in sterilized soils, while remaining nearly constant or decreasing to some extent in nonsterilized soils after 16 weeks. The proportion of non-desorbing PAH fractions significantly increased in 16 week-incubation, and this proportion was positively correlated with the molecular weights of the PAHs tested, indicating that larger PAHs are more likely to be present in non-desorbing fractions. The bound PAH residue tended to increase at first and decrease thereafter over the 0-16-week period, and microbes played an important role in the formation of bound residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzheng Gao
- College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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43
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Mingji X, Chongling Y, Jing Y, Lily W. Impact of phenanthrene on organic acids secretion and accumulation by perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L., root. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2009; 83:75-80. [PMID: 19458882 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-009-9775-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A solution culture experiment was performed to investigate the impact of phenanthrene (PHE) on organic acids secretion and accumulation by Lolium perenne L. root. Data showed that, oxalic acid was the dominant composition of organic acids in root and root exudates. In root exudates, increased levels of PHE resulted in higher oxalic acid and its secrete proportion; oxalic acid arranged from 3.00 to 4.72 mg/g FW under spiked PHE treatments, in control, it was 2.33 mg/g FW. In root, oxalic acid rose to 25.61 mg/g FW at 1 mg/L PHE treatment, while the PHE concentration was continuously increasing, organic acids in root decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Mingji
- Laboratory of Pollution Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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Almeida CMR, Dias AC, Mucha AP, Bordalo AA, Vasconcelos MTSD. Influence of surfactants on the Cu phytoremediation potential of a salt marsh plant. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 75:135-140. [PMID: 19162294 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Revised: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To assess the possible effect that surfactants commonly found in the aquatic environment may have on the remediation potential of the salt marsh plant Halimione portulacoides, a non-ionic (Triton X-100) and an anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) surfactants were used. Experiments were carried out in the laboratory, either in hydroponics (sediment elutriate) or in sediment soaked in elutriate, using sediment and water from an estuarine salt marsh (Cávado River, NW Portugal). Groups of H. portulacoides (grown in a greenhouse) were exposed for 6d to media with 0.16mM added Cu(II) in the absence and in the presence of each one of the two selected surfactants, at concentrations lower than the respective micellar critical concentration. Cu was determined in solutions, sediments and in different plant tissues before and after experiments. Plant photosynthetic efficiency did not indicate deletory effects of the exposure to the added pollutants. The non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100 and, to a lesser extent, the anionic surfactant SDS too, favored Cu accumulation in the plant roots but not Cu translocation, indicating that surfactants may favor Cu adsorption to the roots (phytostabilization). On the other hand, both surfactants favored Cu solubility from the sediment. Therefore, the presence of surfactants, which are frequently found in estuarine areas, as a result of urban and industrial effluent discharges, may condition metal distribution in those environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Marisa R Almeida
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
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Effect of anionic-nonionic mixed surfactant on ryegrass uptake of phenanthrene and pyrene from water. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-009-0037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zhu L, Zhang M. Effect of rhamnolipids on the uptake of PAHs by ryegrass. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2008; 156:46-52. [PMID: 18281132 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Revised: 12/29/2007] [Accepted: 01/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of rhamnolipids, a biosurfactant, on the uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by ryegrass. Results showed that rhamnolipids could enhance the uptake of PAHs by ryegrass roots. With increasing concentration of rhamnolipids, the PAH content in ryegrass roots initially increased and then decreased, while the PAH content in ryegrass shoots did not change. Batch studies also showed that the sorption of phenanthrene by fresh ryegrass roots was dependent on rhamnolipid concentration and showed the same trends as the uptake experiment. The increase of permeability of ryegrass root cells with the increase of rhamnolipid concentration may lead to the initial enhancement of PAH content in ryegrass roots, and the decrease of PAH adsorption onto the root surface with further increase of rhamnolipids led to the decrease of PAH content in ryegrass roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310028, China.
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Yin Y, Wang X, Sun Y, Guo H, Yin D. Bioaccumulation and oxidative stress in submerged macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum L. upon exposure to pyrene. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2008; 23:328-336. [PMID: 18214901 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate pyrene bioaccumulation and its consequent biological responses in submerged macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum. Plants were exposed to different levels (0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.07, 0.1 mg/L) of pyrene for 10 days, and the pyrene content, and total free radicals in plant were analyzed. The pyrene concentration in plant was highly correlated to exposure concentration (R(2)=0.990). Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis revealed that pyrene exposure significantly increased total free radicals in the plants. A strong positive correlation (R(2)=0.956) between O(2)(*-) generation and pyrene contents implied that pyrene exposure induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and led to oxidative stress in C. demersum. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of glutathione were determined. Change in the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) was also studied. Results indicated that the bioaccumulation of pyrene resulted in the changes of the antioxidant defense system and the production of ROS with the oxidative stress, ultimately induced damnification in C. demersum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Khan S, Cao Q, Lin AJ, Zhu YG. Concentrations and bioaccessibility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in wastewater-irrigated soil using in vitro gastrointestinal test. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2008; 15:344-353. [PMID: 18465157 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-008-0004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2007] [Accepted: 03/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND, AIM, AND SCOPE Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental contaminants and contribute to the pollution of soil environment. Soil ingestion is of increasing concern for assessing health risk from PAH-contaminated soils because soil ingestion is one of the potentially important pathways of exposure to environmental pollutants, particularly relevant for children playing at contaminated sites due to their hand-to-mouth activities. In vitro gastro-intestinal tests imitate the human digestive tract, based on the physiology of humans, generally more simple, less time-consuming, and especially more reproducible than animal tests. This study was conducted to investigate the level of PAH contamination and oral bioaccessibility in surface soils, using physiologically based in vitro gastro-intestinal tests regarding both gastric and small intestinal conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wastewater-irrigated soils were sampled from the metropolitan areas of Beijing and Tianjin, China, which were highly contaminated with PAHs. Reference soil samples were also collected for comparisons. At each site, four soils were sampled in the upper horizon at the depth of 0-20 cm randomly and were bulked together to form one composite sample. PAH concentrations and origin were investigated and a physiologically based in vitro test was conducted using all analytical grade reagents. Linear regression model was used to assess the relationship between total PAH concentrations in soils and soil organic carbon (SOC). RESULTS A wide range of total PAH concentrations ranging from 1,304 to 3,369 mug kg(-1) in soils collected from different wastewater-irrigated sites in Tianjin, while ranging from 2,687 to 4,916 mug kg(-1) in soils collected from different wastewater-irrigated sites in Beijing, was detected. In general, total PAH concentrations in soils from Beijing sites were significantly higher than those from Tianjin sites, indicating a dominant contribution from both pyrogenic and petrogenic sources. Results indicated that the oral bioaccessibility of PAHs in small intestinal was significantly higher (from P < 0.05 to P < 0.001) than gastric condition. Similarly, the oral bioaccessibility of PAHs in contaminated sites was significantly higher (from P < or = 0.05 to P < 0.001) than in reference sites. Individual PAH ratios (three to six rings), a more accurate and reliable estimation about the emission sources, were used to distinguish the natural and anthropogenic PAH inputs in the soils. Results indicated that PAHs were both pyrogenic and petrogenic in nature. DISCUSSION The identification of PAH sources and importance of in vitro test for PAH bioaccessibility were emphasized in this study. The oral bioaccessibility of individual PAHs in soils generally decreased with increasing ring numbers of PAHs in both the gastric and small intestinal conditions. However, the ratio of bioaccessibility of individual PAHs in gastric conditions to that in the small intestinal condition generally increased with increasing ring numbers, indicating the relatively pronounced effect of bile extract on improving the bioaccessibility of PAHs with relatively high ring numbers characterized by their high K ( ow ) values. Similarly, total PAH concentrations in soils were strongly correlated with SOC, indicating that SOC was the key factor determining the retention of PAHs in soils. CONCLUSIONS Soils were contaminated with PAHs due to long-term wastewater irrigation. PAHs with two to six rings showed high concentrations with a significant increase over reference soils. Based on the molecular indices, it was suggested that PAHs in soils had both pyrogenic and petrogenic sources. It was also concluded that the oral bioaccessibility of total PAHs in the small intestinal condition was significantly higher than that in the gastric condition. Furthermore, the bioaccessibility of individual PAHs in soils generally decreased with the increasing ring numbers in both the gastric and small intestinal conditions. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES It is suggested that more care should be given while establishing reliable soil criteria for PAHs, especially concerning the health of children who may ingest a considerable amount of PAH-contaminated soil via outdoor hand-to-mouth activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sardar Khan
- Department of Soil Environmental Science, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Fan S, Li P, Gong Z, Ren W, He N. Promotion of pyrene degradation in rhizosphere of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 71:1593-8. [PMID: 18082869 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2007] [Revised: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 10/31/2007] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the phytoremediation of pyrene-contaminated soil using alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Alfalfa biomasses, microbial viable counts, dehydrogenase activity, residual pyrene concentration and pyrene removal percentage were determined after 60 days of alfalfa growth. The results indicated that pyrene had an inhibitive effect on alfalfa growth, and higher pyrene concentration seriously affected alfalfa growth. In addition, the inhibitive effect on the root was more severe than that on the shoot. When pyrene concentration reached 492 mg kg(-1) in soil, the shoot and root biomasses were only 34% and 22% of those of alfalfa growing in non-spiked soil, respectively. The rhizospheric bacterial and fungi counts were 5.0-7.5 and 1.8-2.3 times higher than those in non-rhizosphere soil, respectively. The residual concentrations of pyrene in the rhizosphere soil were lower than those in the non-rhizosphere soil. After 60 days, 69-85% and 59-80% of spiked pyrene disappeared from the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils, respectively. The removal percentage decreased with increasing pyrene concentration. However, the average removal of pyrene in the rhizosphere soil was 6% higher than that in the non-rhizosphere soil. Therefore, the presence of alfalfa roots was effective in promoting the phytoremediation of freshly added pyrene into the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiu Fan
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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Zhou W, Zhu L. Influence of surfactant sorption on the removal of phenanthrene from contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2008; 152:99-105. [PMID: 17597273 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2006] [Revised: 05/07/2007] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory column flushing experiments were conducted to remove phenanthrene from contaminated soils by Triton X-100 (TX100) with an aim to investigating the effect of surfactant sorption on the performance of surfactant-enhanced remediation process. The effluent concentration of phenanthrene from soil columns showed strong dependence on the sorption breakthrough curves of TX100. The removal of phenanthrene from contaminated soils was enhanced only when the sorption breakthrough of TX100 occurred and the influent concentration of TX100 was greater than the critical enhanced flushing concentration (CEFC). The sorption of surfactant onto soils and the subsequent partitioning of contaminants into soil-sorbed surfactant had a significant effect on the solute equilibrium distribution coefficient (KD) and thus the flushing efficiency for phenanthrene. A model was developed to predict KD and CEFC values for simulating the performance of surfactant-enhanced flushing for contaminated soils. These results are of practical interest in developing effective and safe surfactant-enhanced remediation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310028, China
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