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Dasmahapatra AK, Williams CB, Myla A, Tiwary SK, Tchounwou PB. A systematic review of the evaluation of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the Japanese medaka ( Oryzias latipes) fish. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1272368. [PMID: 38090358 PMCID: PMC10711633 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1272368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) is an acceptable small laboratory fish model for the evaluation and assessment of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) found in the environment. In this research, we used this fish as a potential tool for the identification of EDCs that have a significant impact on human health. We conducted an electronic search in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) and Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/) using the search terms, Japanese medaka, Oryzias latipes, and endocrine disruptions, and sorted 205 articles consisting of 128 chemicals that showed potential effects on estrogen-androgen-thyroid-steroidogenesis (EATS) pathways of Japanese medaka. From these chemicals, 14 compounds, namely, 17β-estradiol (E2), ethinylestradiol (EE2), tamoxifen (TAM), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), 17β-trenbolone (TRB), flutamide (FLU), vinclozolin (VIN), triiodothyronine (T3), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), terephthalic acid (TPA), trifloxystrobin (TRF), ketoconazole (KTC), and prochloraz (PCZ), were selected as references and used for the identification of apical endpoints within the EATS modalities. Among these endpoints, during classification, priorities are given to sex reversal (masculinization of females and feminization of males), gonad histology (testis-ova or ovotestis), secondary sex characteristics (anal fin papillae of males), plasma and liver vitellogenin (VTG) contents in males, swim bladder inflation during larval development, hepatic vitellogenin (vtg) and choriogenin (chg) genes in the liver of males, and several genes, including estrogen-androgen-thyroid receptors in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad/thyroid axis (HPG/T). After reviewing 205 articles, we identified 108 (52.68%), 46 (22.43%), 19 (9.26%), 22 (17.18%), and 26 (12.68%) papers that represented studies on estrogen endocrine disruptors (EEDs), androgen endocrine disruptors (AEDs), thyroid endocrine disruptors (TEDs), and/or steroidogenesis modulators (MOS), respectively. Most importantly, among 128 EDCs, 32 (25%), 22 (17.18%), 15 (11.8%), and 14 (10.93%) chemicals were classified as EEDs, AEDs, TEDs, and MOS, respectively. We also identified 43 (33.59%) chemicals as high-priority candidates for tier 2 tests, and 13 chemicals (10.15%) show enough potential to be considered EDCs without any further tier-based studies. Although our literature search was unable to identify the EATS targets of 45 chemicals (35%) studied in 60 (29.26%) of the 205 articles, our approach has sufficient potential to further move the laboratory-based research data on Japanese medaka for applications in regulatory risk assessments in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asok K. Dasmahapatra
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, United States
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, United States
| | - Charmonix B. Williams
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Anitha Myla
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Sanjay K. Tiwary
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Paul. B. Tchounwou
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, United States
- RCMI Center for Urban Health Disparities Research and Innovation, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Jiang M, Zhang Z, Han Q, Peng R, Shi H, Jiang X. Embryonic exposure to environmentally relevant levels of tributyltin affects embryonic tributyltin bioaccumulation and the physiological responses of juveniles in cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114894. [PMID: 37059015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) is a typical organic pollutant that persists in aquatic sediments due to its wide usage as an antifouling fungicide during the past few decades. Despite increased awareness of the serious negative consequences of TBT on aquatic species, studies on the effects of TBT exposure on cephalopod embryonic development and juvenile physiological performance are scarce. To investigate the lasting effects of TBT toxicity on Sepia pharaonis from embryo to hatchling, embryos (gastrula stage, 3-5 h post fertilization) were exposed to four levels of TBT until hatching: 0 (control), 30 (environmental level), 60, and 120 ng/L. Subsequently, juvenile growth performance endpoints and behavioral alterations were assessed over 15 days post-hatching. Egg hatchability was significantly reduced and embryonic development (i.e., premature hatching) was accelerated in response to 30 ng/L TBT exposure. Meanwhile, TBT-induced alterations in embryonic morphology primarily included yolk-sac lysis, embryonic malformations, and uneven pigment distributions. During the pre-middle stage of embryonic development, the eggshell serves as an effective barrier to safeguard the embryo from exposure to 30-60 ng/L TBT, according to patterns of TBT accumulation and distribution in the egg compartment. However, even environmental relevant levels of TBT (30 ng/L) exposure during embryonic development had a negative impact on juvenile behavior and growth, including slowing growth, shortening eating times, causing more irregular movements, and increasing inking times. These findings indicate that after TBT exposure, negative long-lasting effects on S. pharaonis development from embryo to hatchling persist, suggesting that long-lasting toxic effects endure from S. pharaonis embryos to hatchlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maowang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315832, PR China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315832, PR China
| | - Qingxi Han
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315832, PR China
| | - Ruibing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315832, PR China
| | - Huilai Shi
- Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Xiamin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315832, PR China.
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Denuzière A, Ghersi-Egea JF. Cerebral concentration and toxicity of endocrine disrupting chemicals: The implication of blood-brain interfaces. Neurotoxicology 2022; 91:100-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cohen A, Popowitz J, Delbridge-Perry M, Rowe CJ, Connaughton VP. The Role of Estrogen and Thyroid Hormones in Zebrafish Visual System Function. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:837687. [PMID: 35295340 PMCID: PMC8918846 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.837687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual system development is a highly complex process involving coordination of environmental cues, cell pathways, and integration of functional circuits. Consequently, a change to any step, due to a mutation or chemical exposure, can lead to deleterious consequences. One class of chemicals known to have both overt and subtle effects on the visual system is endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). EDCs are environmental contaminants which alter hormonal signaling by either preventing compound synthesis or binding to postsynaptic receptors. Interestingly, recent work has identified neuronal and sensory systems, particularly vision, as targets for EDCs. In particular, estrogenic and thyroidogenic signaling have been identified as critical modulators of proper visual system development and function. Here, we summarize and review this work, from our lab and others, focusing on behavioral, physiological, and molecular data collected in zebrafish. We also discuss different exposure regimes used, including long-lasting effects of developmental exposure. Overall, zebrafish are a model of choice to examine the impact of EDCs and other compounds targeting estrogen and thyroid signaling and the consequences of exposure in visual system development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annastelle Cohen
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, WA, United States
| | - Jeremy Popowitz
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, WA, United States
| | | | - Cassie J. Rowe
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, WA, United States,Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC, WA, United States
| | - Victoria P. Connaughton
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, WA, United States,Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC, WA, United States,*Correspondence: Victoria P. Connaughton,
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Bernardo RC, Connaughton VP. Transient developmental exposure to tributyltin reduces optomotor responses in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). Neurotoxicol Teratol 2022; 89:107055. [PMID: 34896240 PMCID: PMC8755603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.107055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the effects of transient developmental exposure to tributyltin (TBT), a well-known anti-estrogenic environmental endocrine disrupting compound, on visual system development of larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish were exposed to either 0.2 μg/L or 20 μg/L TBT for 24 h when they were aged 24 h postfertilization (hpf), 72 hpf, or 7 days (d)pf. Immediately after exposure, larvae were transferred to system water for seven days of recovery followed by behavioral testing (startle and optomotor responses) and morphological assessment. TBT-treated larvae displayed age-dependent changes in morphology characterized by delayed/reduced growth and susceptibility to exposure. TBT exposure reduced the number of larvae displaying optomotor responses regardless of age of exposure; eye diameter was also decreased when exposure occurred at 24 hpf or 7 dpf. Startle responses were reduced only in TBT-treated larvae exposed when they were 24 hpf, suggesting transient TBT exposure during the early larval period may cause vision-specific effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C. Bernardo
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA.,Department of Health Studies, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Victoria P. Connaughton
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA.,Corresponding author: VP Connaughton, Dept of Biology, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20016, 202-885-2188,
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Shi Y, Chen C, Li M, Liu L, Dong K, Chen K, Qiu X. Oral Exposure to Tributyltin Induced Behavioral Abnormality and Oxidative Stress in the Eyes and Brains of Juvenile Japanese Medaka ( Oryzias latipes). Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111647. [PMID: 34829518 PMCID: PMC8615197 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The widely used compound tributyltin (TBT), which can be continuously detected in aquatic species and seafood, may induce diverse adverse effects on aquatic organisms. However, little is known regarding the mechanistic links between behavioral abnormality and oxidative stress in different fish tissues in response to oral TBT exposure. Herein, juvenile Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were orally exposed to TBT at 1 and 10 ng/g-bw/d for four weeks. After exposure, the locomotor activity and social interaction of juvenile medaka were found to be significantly reduced in the 10 ng/g-bw/d TBT-exposed group. Furthermore, the antioxidant biomarkers in different tissues of juvenile medaka showed different levels of sensitivity to TBT exposure. The eye superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities markedly increased in both groups exposed to 1 and 10 ng/g-bw/d TBT, while the eye and brain malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased in the higher dose group. Furthermore, the eye and brain ATPase activities markedly declined in the 1 ng/g-bw/d TBT-exposed group. A correlation analysis revealed that the decreased locomotor activity and social interaction in medaka were associated with the eye antioxidant enzyme (i.e., SOD and catalase (CAT)) activity and brain oxidative damage level. Thus, our findings suggested that there might be some mechanistic links between the behavioral abnormality induced by TBT exposure and oxidative stress in the eyes and brains of medaka. Thus, our findings indicate that the impacts of oral exposure to TBT should be considered to better assess its risk to the aquatic ecosystem and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Shi
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.S.); (C.C.); (M.L.); (L.L.); (K.D.)
| | - Chen Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.S.); (C.C.); (M.L.); (L.L.); (K.D.)
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.S.); (C.C.); (M.L.); (L.L.); (K.D.)
| | - Lei Liu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.S.); (C.C.); (M.L.); (L.L.); (K.D.)
| | - Kejun Dong
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.S.); (C.C.); (M.L.); (L.L.); (K.D.)
| | - Kun Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.S.); (C.C.); (M.L.); (L.L.); (K.D.)
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- Correspondence: (K.C.); (X.Q.)
| | - Xuchun Qiu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.S.); (C.C.); (M.L.); (L.L.); (K.D.)
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- Correspondence: (K.C.); (X.Q.)
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Crowley-Perry M, Barberio AJ, Zeino J, Winston ER, Connaughton VP. Zebrafish Optomotor Response and Morphology Are Altered by Transient, Developmental Exposure to Bisphenol-A. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:jdb9020014. [PMID: 33918232 PMCID: PMC8167563 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-specific endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are potent modulators of neural and visual development and common environmental contaminants. Using zebrafish, we examined the long-term impact of abnormal estrogenic signaling by testing the effects of acute, early exposure to bisphenol-A (BPA), a weak estrogen agonist, on later visually guided behaviors. Zebrafish aged 24 h postfertilization (hpf), 72 hpf, and 7 days postfertilization (dpf) were exposed to 0.001 μM or 0.1 μM BPA for 24 h, and then allowed to recover for 1 or 2 weeks. Morphology and optomotor responses (OMRs) were assessed after 1 and 2 weeks of recovery for 24 hpf and 72 hpf exposure groups; 7 dpf exposure groups were additionally assessed immediately after exposure. Increased notochord length was seen in 0.001 μM exposed larvae and decreased in 0.1 μM exposed larvae across all age groups. Positive OMR was significantly increased at 1 and 2 weeks post-exposure in larvae exposed to 0.1 μM BPA when they were 72 hpf or 7 dpf, while positive OMR was increased after 2 weeks of recovery in larvae exposed to 0.001 μM BPA at 72 hpf. A time-delayed increase in eye diameter occurred in both BPA treatment groups at 72 hpf exposure; while a transient increase occurred in 7 dpf larvae exposed to 0.1 μM BPA. Overall, short-term developmental exposure to environmentally relevant BPA levels caused concentration- and age-dependent effects on zebrafish visual anatomy and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikayla Crowley-Perry
- Department of Biology, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA; (M.C.-P.); (A.J.B.); (J.Z.); (E.R.W.)
- Department of Chemistry, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Angelo J. Barberio
- Department of Biology, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA; (M.C.-P.); (A.J.B.); (J.Z.); (E.R.W.)
| | - Jude Zeino
- Department of Biology, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA; (M.C.-P.); (A.J.B.); (J.Z.); (E.R.W.)
| | - Erica R. Winston
- Department of Biology, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA; (M.C.-P.); (A.J.B.); (J.Z.); (E.R.W.)
| | - Victoria P. Connaughton
- Department of Biology, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA; (M.C.-P.); (A.J.B.); (J.Z.); (E.R.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-202-885-2188
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de Paulo DV, Mariz CF, de Melo Alves MK, Alves RN, Batista RM, Fillmann G, Carvalho PSM. Histological and Behavioral Toxicity of Tributyltin in the Tropical Guppy Poecilia vivipara. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:1953-1963. [PMID: 32593223 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The tropical estuarine guppy Poecilia vivipara was used to address fish early life stage toxicity caused by the antifouling contaminant tributyltin. Six-day-old P. vivipara were exposed for 7 d to control water and waterborne tributyltin at 15.8, 83.8, 716, and 818 ng tin (Sn) L-1 . After exposure, swimming, feeding, growth, and eye histological endpoints were evaluated. Histopathological analysis of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) indicated alterations in pigment positioning at all tributyltin concentrations. A dose-dependent increase in photoreceptor layer disorganization and iris melanin hyperpigmentation was verified, and high frequencies of RPE invaginations and iris epithelial cell atrophy were observed even at the lowest exposure concentration of 15.8 ng Sn L-1 . At the highest exposure level (818 ng Sn L-1 ) fish also presented reductions in swimming speed, swimming resistance, daily capture of Artemia nauplii, and growth in weight of 85, 60, 33, and 56% relative to controls, respectively. This association between retinal histopathology and reduced swimming and foraging behavior can reduce recruitment to the adult population. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1953-1963. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Driele Ventura de Paulo
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Célio Freire Mariz
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Maria Karolaine de Melo Alves
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Romulo Nepomuceno Alves
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Moço Batista
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paulo S M Carvalho
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Takai Y, Mizoguchi N, Kinoshita M, Qiu X, Shimasaki Y, Oshima Y. Establishment of a Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) transgenic line expressing Takifugu rubripes pufferfish saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin binding protein 1, and evaluation of tributyltin toxicity via in ovo nanoinjection. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 234:108785. [PMID: 32376496 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pufferfish saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin binding proteins (PSTBPs) play an important role in the toxification of certain species of pufferfish. Recombinant Takifugu rubripes PSTBP1 (rTrub.PSTBP1) is reported to bind to tributyltin, and so it has been suggested that rTrub.PSTBP1 may reduce the toxicity of tributyltin. However, the role of PSTBP1 in vivo remains to be elucidated. Here, we established a transgenic medaka line showing whole-body Renilla reniformis green fluorescent protein and Trub.PSTBP1 expression, as confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and mRNA-Seq analysis. mRNA-Seq analysis also showed that cytochrome P450 superfamily genes and the gene encoding ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 were highly expressed in the transgenic medaka. Using embryos of the transgenic medaka line, we conducted an in ovo nanoinjection test to examine the effect of Trub.PSTBP1 in vivo, and obtained data suggesting that Trub.PSTBP1 expression may have reduced the toxicity of tributyltin in our transgenic medaka line. Our findings will be useful for future functional analyses of Trub.PSTBP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takai
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Naohiro Mizoguchi
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masato Kinoshita
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Xuchun Qiu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Yohei Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuji Oshima
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
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Crawford KA, Clark BW, Heiger-Bernays WJ, Karchner SI, Hahn ME, Nacci DE, Schlezinger JJ. Tributyltin disrupts fin development in Fundulus heteroclitus from both PCB-sensitive and resistant populations: Investigations of potential interactions between AHR and PPARγ. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 218:105334. [PMID: 31743820 PMCID: PMC6935467 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are environmental contaminants that are highly toxic to fish and co-occur in New Bedford Harbor (NBH), an estuarine Superfund site located in Massachusetts, USA. Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) that reside in NBH (and other highly contaminated sites along the east coast of the United States) have developed resistance to activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway and the toxicity of dioxin-like chemicals, such as 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl, PCB126. In many biological systems, TBT disregulates adipose and bone development via the PPARγ-RXR pathway; AHR activation also disrupts adipose and bone homeostasis, potentially through molecular crosstalk between AHR and PPARγ. However, little is known about how co-exposure and the interaction of these pathways modulate the toxicological effects of these contaminants. Here, we tested the hypotheses that TBT would induce teratogenesis in killifish via activation of PPARγ and that PCB126 co-exposure would suppress PPARγ pathway activation in PCB-sensitive killifish from a reference site (Scorton Creek, SC, PCB-sensitive) but not in PCB-tolerant NBH killifish. Killifish embryos from both populations exposed to TBT (50 and 100 nM) displayed caudal fin deformities. TBT did not change the expression of pparg or its target genes related to adipogenesis (fabp11a and fabp1b) in either population. However, expression of osx/sp7, an osteoblast marker gene, and col2a1b, a chondroblast marker gene, was significantly suppressed by TBT only in SC killifish. An RXR-specific agonist, but not a PPARγ-specific agonist, induced caudal fin deformities like those observed in TBT-treated embryos. PCB126 did not induce caudal fin deformities and did not exacerbate TBT-induced fin deformities. Further, PCB126 increased expression of pparg in SC embryos and not NBH embryos, but did not change the expression of fabp1b. Taken together, these results suggest that in killifish embryos the PPARγ pathway is regulated in part by AHR, but is minimally active at least in this early life stage. In killifish, RXR activation, rather than PPARγ activation, appears to be the mechanism by which TBT induces caudal fin teratogenicity, which is not modulated by AHR responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Crawford
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - B W Clark
- Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - W J Heiger-Bernays
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - S I Karchner
- Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA; Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - M E Hahn
- Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA; Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - D E Nacci
- Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - J J Schlezinger
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA.
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11
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Berezina NA, Lehtonen KK, Ahvo A. Coupled Application of Antioxidant Defense Response and Embryo Development in Amphipod Crustaceans in the Assessment of Sediment Toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:2020-2031. [PMID: 31189019 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Survival rate, frequency of malformed embryos, and antioxidant defense system responses in the benthic amphipod Gmelinoides fasciatus from the Baltic Sea were measured to examine the effects of toxic sediments, and to assess the usefulness of these endpoints in sediment toxicity biotesting. A highly contaminated sediment sample from the Baltic Sea was diluted with sediment from a clean site to come up with a series of 5 test sediments with dilutions from 1:32 to 1:1024, and the reference sediment. The 1:32 dilution of the test sediment was analyzed for organotins (2862 µg tin [Sn] kg dry wt -1 ), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (6064 µg kg dry wt -1 ), and selected trace metals (e.g., copper 352 mg kg dry wt -1 ). The survival rate of G. fasciatus (10-d toxicity test) was 100% in the reference and 1:1024 treatments, and began to decline from the 1:256 dilution onward. In a 28-d experiment, various types of morphological malformations were observed in 11 to 80% of the amphipod embryos in the 1:64, 1:128, and 1:256 dilutions, with only <5% in the reference treatment. Also, elevated activities in the antioxidant defense system enzymes glutathione S-transferase and catalase were observed in amphipods exposed to the contaminated sediments compared with the reference treatment, with responses at lower contamination levels compared with the appearance of malformations in the embryos. The results obtained illustrate the effectiveness of the combined application of embryonic malformations and antioxidant defense system biomarkers in amphipods in the assessment of sediment toxicity, and potentially also of sublethal effects of chemical contamination in aquatic ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2020-2031. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kari K Lehtonen
- Marine Research Center, Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aino Ahvo
- Marine Research Center, Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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12
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Qiu X, Iwasaki N, Chen K, Shimasaki Y, Oshima Y. Tributyltin and perfluorooctane sulfonate play a synergistic role in promoting excess fat accumulation in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) via in ovo exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 220:687-695. [PMID: 30605811 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous environmental obesogens tributyltin (TBT) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) may accumulate in parent and be transferred to their offspring, resulting in trans-generational adverse effects. In this study, we investigated the combined toxic and obesogenic effects of TBT and PFOS on the early life stages of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). In ovo nanoinjection was used to simulate the maternal transfer process. Doses were controlled at 0, 0.05, 0.5, and 2.5 ng/egg (TBT) and at 0, 0.05, 0.5, and 5.0 ng/egg (PFOS), with a full factorial design for mixture formulations. Relatively high doses of agents in mixtures were needed to induce significant mortality (TBT ≥ 0.5 ng/egg) or delayed hatching (PFOS = 5.0 ng/egg) of embryos. The interaction between TBT and PFOS in mixtures had significant effects on the observed hatching delay, but not on acute mortality. Compared with controls, separate exposure to TBT (or PFOS) notably elevated adipose areas at the doses of 0.05 and 0.5 ng/egg, but not at the highest doses. Combined exposure significantly promoted the fat accumulation in newly hatched larvae, even when the doses of TBT and PFOS were both at the levels that did not show obesogenic effect. The interactive effect of TBT and PFOS could aggravate the total obesogenic effect of their mixtures, indicating a synergistic interaction. These results highlight the importance of paying close attention to interaction effects when addressing the impacts of mixtures of environmental obesogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchun Qiu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China; Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Naoto Iwasaki
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kun Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China; Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yohei Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yuji Oshima
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.
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13
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Horie Y, Kanazawa N, Yamagishi T, Yonekura K, Tatarazako N. Ecotoxicological Test Assay Using OECD TG 212 in Marine Java Medaka (Oryzias javanicus) and Freshwater Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 101:344-348. [PMID: 30022344 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2398-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The lethal effects of chemicals is a serious concern to the protection of ecosystems, and the OECD TG 212 was established to estimate the lethal and sublethal effects on embryo and sac-fry stages of fish. It is still unclear, however, whether this test can effectively estimate the impacts of chemicals using marine fish. Therefore, this study aimed to use a recognized testing method on the marine fish Oryzias javanicus, and to assess differences in response to organotin compounds between a freshwater congener (Oryzias latipes) and O. javanicus. The lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) of triphenyltin for lethal effect was the same in both species. The LOEC of tributyltin for lethal and sublethal effects were the same in both species. Our results provide the first evidence that O. javanicus and O. latipes are similarly affected by organotin compounds, suggesting that O. javanicus is a good model marine fish for the ecotoxicological assessment of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Horie
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Nakano Shimoshinjo, Akita, 010-0195, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiro Kanazawa
- Faculty of System Science and Technology, Akita Prefectural University, 84-4 Ebinokuchi, Tsuchiya, Yurihonjo, Akita, 015-0055, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamagishi
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Kei Yonekura
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Nakano Shimoshinjo, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Norihisa Tatarazako
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi 3-5-7, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
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14
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Horie Y, Yamagishi T, Shintaku Y, Iguchi T, Tatarazako N. Effects of tributyltin on early life-stage, reproduction, and gonadal sex differentiation in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 203:418-425. [PMID: 29631114 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin, an organotin compound, was used worldwide as an antifouling agent in aquatic environments and there has been much concern about the toxicological and ecotoxicological properties of organotin compounds. Even though it has been prohibited worldwide, tributyltin is still detected at low concentrations in aquatic environments. Here we investigated the effects of tributyltin on the early life-stage, reproduction, and gonadal sex differentiation in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). In adults, exposure to tributyltin at 3.82 μg/L suppressed fecundity and fertility and increased mortality. At 10.48 μg/L all medaka died by the sixth day of exposure. Exposure to tributyltin during early life-stages induced no significant differences in mortality or embryonic development, but growth was suppressed in groups exposed to 0.13 and 0.68 μg/L. Furthermore, there was no abnormal gonadal development in Japanese medaka exposed to tributyltin. These results provide evidence of the negative effects of tributyltin on reproduction in a teleost fish. Tributyltin did not affect gonadal sex differentiation in Japanese medaka, but fecundity and fertility were suppressed, although it is not clear whether this suppression resulted from the endocrine-disrupting action of tributyltin or its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Horie
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan; Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Nakano Simoshinjo, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamagishi
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Yoko Shintaku
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Norihisa Tatarazako
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan; Department of Science and Technology for Biological Resources and Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi 3-5-7, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan.
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15
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Lagadic L, Katsiadaki I, Biever R, Guiney PD, Karouna-Renier N, Schwarz T, Meador JP. Tributyltin: Advancing the Science on Assessing Endocrine Disruption with an Unconventional Endocrine-Disrupting Compound. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 245:65-127. [PMID: 29119384 DOI: 10.1007/398_2017_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) has been recognized as an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) for several decades. However, only in the last decade, was its primary endocrine mechanism of action (MeOA) elucidated-interactions with the nuclear retinoid-X receptor (RXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and their heterodimers. This molecular initiating event (MIE) alters a range of reproductive, developmental, and metabolic pathways at the organism level. It is noteworthy that a variety of MeOAs have been proposed over the years for the observed endocrine-type effects of TBT; however, convincing data for the MIE was provided only recently and now several researchers have confirmed and refined the information on this MeOA. One of the most important lessons learned from years of research on TBT concerns apparent species sensitivity. Several aspects such as the rates of uptake and elimination, chemical potency, and metabolic capacity are all important for identifying the most sensitive species for a given chemical, including EDCs. For TBT, much of this was discovered by trial and error, hence important relationships and important sensitive taxa were not identified until several decades after its introduction to the environment. As recognized for many years, TBT-induced responses are known to occur at very low concentrations for molluscs, a fact that has more recently also been observed in fish species. This review explores the MeOA and effects of TBT in different species (aquatic molluscs and other invertebrates, fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals) according to the OECD Conceptual Framework for Endocrine Disruptor Testing and Assessment (CFEDTA). The information gathered on biological effects that are relevant for populations of aquatic animals was used to construct Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSDs) based on No Observed Effect Concentrations (NOECs) and Lowest Observed Effect Concentrations (LOECs). Fish appear at the lower end of these distributions, showing that they are as sensitive as molluscs, and for some species, even more sensitive. Concentrations in the range of 1 ng/L for water exposure (10 ng/g for whole-body burden) have been shown to elicit endocrine-type responses, whereas mortality occurs at water concentrations ten times higher. Current screening and assessment methodologies as compiled in the OECD CFEDTA are able to identify TBT as a potent endocrine disruptor with a high environmental risk for the original use pattern. If those approaches had been available when TBT was introduced to the market, it is likely that its use would have been regulated sooner, thus avoiding the detrimental effects on marine gastropod populations and communities as documented over several decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Lagadic
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Crop Science Division, Environmental Safety, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50, Monheim am Rhein, 40789, Germany.
| | - Ioanna Katsiadaki
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Ron Biever
- Smithers Viscient, 790 Main Street, Wareham, MA, 02571, USA
| | - Patrick D Guiney
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705-2222, USA
| | - Natalie Karouna-Renier
- USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, BARC East Bldg 308, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Tamar Schwarz
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - James P Meador
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA
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16
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Liang X, Souders CL, Zhang J, Martyniuk CJ. Tributyltin induces premature hatching and reduces locomotor activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos/larvae at environmentally relevant levels. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 189:498-506. [PMID: 28961535 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) is an organotin compound that is the active ingredient of many biocides and antifouling agents. In addition to its well established role as an endocrine disruptor, TBT is also associated with adverse effects on the nervous system and behavior. In this study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of TBT (0.01, 0.1, 1 nM) to determine how low levels affected development and behavior. Fish exposed to 1 nM TBT hatched earlier when compared to controls. Following a 96-h exposure, total swimming distance, velocity, and activity of zebrafish larvae were reduced compared to controls. To identify putative mechanisms for these altered endpoints, we assessed embryo bioenergetics and gene expression. We reasoned that the accelerated hatch time could be related to ATP production and energy, thus embryos were exposed to TBT for 24 and 48-h exposure prior to hatch. There were no differences among groups for endpoints related to bioenergetics (i.e. basal, ATP-dependent, and maximal respiration). To address mechanisms related to changes in behavioral activity, we measured transcripts associated with muscle function (myf6, myoD, and myoG) and dopamine signaling (th, dat, dopamine receptors) as dopamine regulates behavior. No transcript was altered in expression by TBT in larvae, suggesting that other mechanisms exist that may explain changes in higher level endpoints. These results suggest that endpoints related to the whole animal (i.e. timing of hatch and locomotor behavior) are more sensitive to environmentally-relevant concentrations of TBT compared to the molecular and metabolic endpoints examined here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Liang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Christopher L Souders
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jiliang Zhang
- Henan Open Laboratory of Key Subjects of Environmental and Animal Products Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, China
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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17
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Yi X, Leung KMY. Assessing the toxicity of triphenyltin to different life stages of the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma through a series of life-cycle based experiments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 124:847-855. [PMID: 28242277 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Toxic effects of triphenyltin (TPT) to different life stages of the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma were investigated through a series of life-cycle based exposure experiments. In embryo stage, TPT exposure could elevate the heartbeat rate at Day 6-8 post-fertilization and increase the expression levels of five heart development related genes (i.e., ATPase, COX2, BMP4, GATA4 and NKX2.5). In larval stage, TPT shortened the body length at ≥10μg/L and suppressed the swimming activity of the fish larvae at Day 1 post-hatching at 50μg/L. In reproductive stage, TPT exposure resulted in a male-biased sex ratio (2μg/L) and reduced the gonadosomatic index (GSI) in females (≥ 0.1μg/L), which might in turn lead to a decline in their population fitness. The reproductive stage of O. melastigma was more sensitive to TPT than other stages, while the GSI of female medaka was the most sensitive endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China.
| | - Kenneth M Y Leung
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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18
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Horie Y, Watanabe H, Takanobu H, Shigemoto Y, Yamagishi T, Iguchi T, Tatarazako N. Effects of triphenyltin on reproduction in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) across two generations. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 192:16-23. [PMID: 28910659 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Triphenyltin (TPT) is an organotin compound used in marine anti-fouling coatings to prevent the attachment and growth of marine organisms, and it has negative effects on aquatic organisms. TPT is still detected at low concentrations, although its use has been prohibited at least in the European Community and is restricted in Japan as well. Studies using Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) indicate that TPT has the potential to inhibit reproduction. Although TPT is detected in many aquatic ecosystems, the multi-generational impact of TPT remains unknown. We investigated the two-generational effects of TPT on Japanese medaka and examined the relationships of several such effects between the F0 and F1 generations. Suppression of fecundity was observed in both generations, and fertility and growth were inhibited in the F1 generation. Moreover, delayed hatching and lower hatchability were observed in F1 embryos. Importantly, the value of the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) for these influences in F1 was lower than that in F0: that is, the LOEC values of fecundity and mortality were 3.2μg/L in the F0 generation and 1.0μg/L in the F1 generation. Fertility was not affected by TPT in F0, whereas it was significantly suppressed in the 1.0μg/L-exposure group of the F1 generation. Our results provide the first evidence of the effects of TPT on reproduction in a teleost fish across two generations, highlighting the concern that TPT could affect reproduction and mortality at decreasing concentrations in temporally overlapping generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Horie
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Haruna Watanabe
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Hitomi Takanobu
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Shigemoto
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamagishi
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, and Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Norihisa Tatarazako
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
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19
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Gould CJ, Wiegand JL, Connaughton VP. Acute developmental exposure to 4-hydroxyandrostenedione has a long-term effect on visually-guided behaviors. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2017; 64:45-49. [PMID: 29031477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Estrogenic and anti-estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are recognized as critical modulators of neural development, including sensory system development. Using the zebrafish model, we tested the effect of transient developmental exposure to a known anti-estrogenic EDC on adult visually-guided behavior. In particular, we exposed zebrafish aged 24-hour post-fertilization (hpf), 72 hpf, or 7-days post-fertilization (dpf) to the aromatase inhibitor 4-hydroxyandrostenedione (4-OH-A) for 24h. After this time, the fish were removed from treatment, placed into control conditions, and reared until adulthood (3-4months) when visually-guided optomotor responses (OMR) were assessed. Our results show significant decreases in positive OMR in adults exposed to 4-OH-A at 72 hpf and 7 dpf. These deficits were not accompanied by changes in overall swimming behaviors and startle responses, suggesting 4-OH-A specifically effected the visual system. Overall, this study identified long-term, quantifiable effects in visually-guided adult behaviors resulting from transient developmental exposure to the anti-estrogenic EDC, 4-OH-A. Further, these effects were noted when 4-OH-A exposure occurred after hatching, suggesting estrogen signaling is important for visual system maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie J Gould
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC 20016, United States; Behavior, Cognition & Neuroscience Program, American University, Washington, DC 20016, United States; The Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, Washington, DC 20016, United States.
| | - Jenna L Wiegand
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC 20016, United States
| | - Victoria P Connaughton
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC 20016, United States; Behavior, Cognition & Neuroscience Program, American University, Washington, DC 20016, United States; The Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, Washington, DC 20016, United States
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20
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Yan M, Leung PTY, Ip JCH, Cheng JP, Wu JJ, Gu JR, Lam PKS. Developmental toxicity and molecular responses of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) embryos to ciguatoxin P-CTX-1 exposure. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 185:149-159. [PMID: 28214734 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ciguatoxins are produced by toxic benthic dinoflagellates and cause ciguatera fish poisoning worldwide, but the toxic effects on developing marine fish have not been well investigated. The Pacific ciguatoxin (P-CTX-1), is a potent sodium channel agonist, which is one of the most toxic members among all CTXs. This study evaluated the toxic effects of microinjecting purified Pacific ciguatoxin-1 (P-CTX-1) on embryonic development of marine medaka Oryzias melastigma. A lower 96h-LD50 value was estimated for eleuthero-embryos (1.32ngg-1) than that for embryos (1.71ngg-1), indicating that P-CTX-1 is more lethal to newly hatched medaka larvae. P-CTX-1 induced detrimental effects during embryonic development, including hatching failure, abnormalities in physical development (caudal fin malformation and spinal deformities), internal damage (green coloration of the gall bladder and hemorrhaging), immune dysfunction, and altered muscle physiology (bradycardia and hyperkinetic twitching). The results of a transcriptional expression analysis of genes related to the stress/immune responses, cardiac and bone development, and apoptosis supported the observed developmental abnormalities. This study advanced the understanding of P-CTX-1 mediated toxic mechanisms in the development of early life stages of a fish, and thus contributed to the toxicity assessment of CTXs in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yan
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Priscilla T Y Leung
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jack C H Ip
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jin-Ping Cheng
- School of Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jia-Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jia-Rui Gu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China; Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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21
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Ma YN, Cao CY, Wang QW, Gui WJ, Zhu GN. Effects of azocyclotin on gene transcription and steroid metabolome of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis, and their consequences on reproduction in zebrafish (Danio rerio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 179:55-64. [PMID: 27571716 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The widely used organotins have the potential to disrupt the endocrine system, but little is known of underlying mechanisms of azocyclotin toxicity in fish. The objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of azocyclotin on reproduction in zebrafish. Adult zebrafish were exposed to 0.09 and 0.45μg/L azocyclotin for 21days, and effects on steroid hormones and mRNA expression of the genes belonging to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis were investigated. Mass spectrometry methodology was developed to profile steroids within the metabolome of the gonads. They were disrupted as a result of azocyclotin exposure. Alterations in the expression of key genes associated with reproductive endocrine pathways in the pituitary (lhβ), gonad (cyp19a1a, cyp17a1 and 17β-hsd3), and liver (vtg1, vtg2, cyp1a1, comt, ugt1a and gstp1) were correlated with significant reductions in estrogen in both sexes and increased testosterone in females. Azocyclotin-induced down-regulation of cyp19a1a in males suggested a reduction in the rate of estrogen biosynthesis, while up-regulation of hepatic cyp1a1 and comt in both sexes suggested an increase in estrogen biotransformation and clearance. Azocyclotin also induced change in the expression of 17β-hsd3, suggesting increased bioavailability of 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) in the blood. Furthermore, the down-regulation of lhβ expression in the brains of azocyclotin-exposed fish was associated with inhibition of oocyte maturation in females and retarded spermatogenesis in males. As a histological finding, retarded development of the ovaries was found to be an important cause for decreased fecundity, with down-regulation of vtg suspected to be a likely underlying mechanism. Additionally, relatively high concentrations of azocyclotin in the gonads may have directly caused toxicity, thereby impairing gametogenesis and reproduction. Embryonic or larval abnormalities occurred in the F1 generation along with accumulated burdens of azocyclotin in F1 eggs, following parental exposure. Overall, our results indicate that exposure to azocyclotin can impair reproduction in fish, and induce toxicity related abnormalities in non-exposed offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Ning Ma
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, PR China; China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Chu-Yan Cao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, PR China
| | - Qiang-Wei Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, PR China
| | - Wen-Jun Gui
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, PR China
| | - Guo-Nian Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, PR China.
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22
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Satone H, Akahoshi E, Nakamura A, Lee JM, Honda M, Shimasaki Y, Kawabata SI, Kusakabe T, Oshima Y. Expression and functional characterization of recombinant tributyltin-binding protein type 2. J Toxicol Sci 2014; 38:885-90. [PMID: 24213008 DOI: 10.2131/jts.38.885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Tributyltin-binding proteins (TBT-bps) are members of the fish lipocalins that were isolated from the blood of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and function in the binding and detoxification of TBT. In this study, we constructed a baculovirus-silkworm expression system and obtained recombinant TBT-bp2 (rTBT-bp2; 31.5 kDa) from the hemolymph of silkworm larvae injected with a recombinant baculovirus containing the TBT-bp2 gene. The binding potential of rTBT-bp2 was investigated and compared to that of the previously available recombinant TBT-bp1 (rTBT-bp1). Both rTBT-bp2 and rTBT-bp1 bound to DAUDA, a typical fluorescent ligand of lipocalins, with dissociation constants of 0.97 and 1.75 µM, respectively. The Hill coefficient value indicated that rTBT-bp2 may have multiple binding sites and strong negative cooperativity. These results suggest that the typical central cavity of lipocalins composed of eight specific β-sheets is conserved in rTBT-bp2, as it is in rTBT-bp1, although rTBT-bp2 has different effects than rTBT-bp1 in TBT binding. In a competition assay, rTBT-bp2 displayed exponential binding affinity to TBT with an inhibition constant of 0.29 µM, demonstrating that TBT binds to the central ligand pocket of rTBT-bp2. However, three fatty acids did not show any affinity to rTBT-bp2. Further studies are required to elucidate the endogenous function of TBT-bps as fish lipocalins and their function in responding to xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Satone
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo
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23
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The effect of tributyltin chloride on Caenorhabditis elegans germline is mediated by a conserved DNA damage checkpoint pathway. Toxicol Lett 2014; 225:413-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Zhang J, Zuo Z, Sun P, Wang H, Yu A, Wang C. Tributyltin exposure results in craniofacial cartilage defects in rockfish (Sebastiscus marmoratus) embryos. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2012; 77:6-11. [PMID: 22261028 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) is a ubiquitous marine environmental contaminant, which has been known to cause axial skeletal deformities in fish embryos. However, the effects of TBT on the craniofacial cartilage development of fishes remain unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of waterborne TBT at environmental levels (0, 0.1, 1, and 10 ng L(-1) as Sn) on craniofacial cartilage development in embryos of the rockfish (Sebastiscus marmoratus). Our study showed that TBT exposure induced craniofacial skeletal deformities, such as reduction of the craniofacial skeleton elements and a shorter lower jaw. The expressions of retinoic acid receptor α, sonic hedgehog, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were depressed and the expressions of vitamin D receptor were increased in the rockfish embryos after TBT exposure. In addition, the activities of Ca(2+)-ATPase were inhibited after TBT exposure. These results suggested that TBT might perturb the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes, and disturb calcium homeostasis, thus disorganizing craniofacial skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiliang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, PR China
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25
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Liu J, Cao Q, Yuan J, Zhang X, Yu L, Shi H. Histological observation on unique phenotypes of malformation induced in Xenopus tropicalis larvae by tributyltin. J Environ Sci (China) 2012; 24:195-202. [PMID: 22655376 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(11)60759-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT), a biocide used in antifouling paints, has shown strong teratogenic effects on Xenopus tropicalis embryos at environmentally relevant concentrations. X. tropicalis embryos were exposed to 50, 100 and 200 ng/L tributyltin chloride for 72 hr. The histological changes were further observed on abnormal eyes, enlarged trunks, enlarged proctodaeums and absence of fins induced by TBT. The lens and the retinal layers of abnormal eyes were slightly or barely differentiated, and that the pigment epithelium was neither continuous nor smooth. The abdomens were full of undifferentiated gut tissue with yolk-rich inclusions in the tadpoles with enlarged trunks. The proctodaeums formed a bump-like or columnar structure. The mass of yolk-rich cells occupied the lumen, blocked the opening and even turned inside out of the proctodaeum. Both the ventral and dorsal fins in trunks and tails became narrow or even disappeared totally. Our results suggest that great changes of histology took place corresponding to the unique phenotypes. The gut tissue was poorly differentiated, which led to the failed elongation of the guts and subsequently the enlarged trunks. The enlarged proctodaeums were due to the undifferentiation of inner layer, the expansion of outer epidermal part and the absence of fins around them. In brief, the histological observations provided insights into the reason of the unique external malformations in some degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Ecological Restoration, Department of Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
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26
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Gosz E, Horbowy J, Ruczyńska W. Testes specific accumulation of tributyltin in turbot Scophthalmus maximus from the southern Baltic Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2011; 62:2563-2567. [PMID: 21906760 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of tributyltin (TBT) and its breakdown products, dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MTB), were measured in tissues of male turbot Scophthalmus maximus from the Gulf of Gdańsk (GDA) and the Pomeranian Bay (POM) in the southern Baltic Sea. The fish (n=206) were collected during the spawning seasons of 2008-2009. All specimens were at the same maturity stage and in full breeding condition. The ripe testes of the turbot appeared to be a target tissue for TBT accumulation. We report that TBT is extensively eliminated at the specific whole-body level and that the males from TBT-contaminated location (GDA) reach this specific level at 23-24 cm in total length.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gosz
- Department of Fishery Resources, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kołłątaja 1, 81-332, Gdynia, Poland.
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27
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Sárria MP, Santos MM, Reis-Henriques MA, Vieira NM, Monteiro NM. Drifting towards the surface: a shift in newborn pipefish's vertical distribution when exposed to the synthetic steroid ethinylestradiol. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 84:618-624. [PMID: 21504837 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) effects during early life have the potential to modulate population structure, either directly through increased mortality or by causing inappropriate aggregation events, thus affecting the number of young that will reach adulthood. An alteration in the dispersal and recruitment patterns can also impair the connectivity among geographically distant populations. However, the detection of EDC-induced effects occurring after egg hatch, when newborns increase their chances of contacting with environmentally dispersed contaminants, is not a simple process as effects might be masked by the large natural mortality rates that usually occur during fish early life. Since there is a lack of information regarding the impact of EDCs on fish early life dispersal patterns, particularly on vertical migrations patterns, the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of EE(2) on the vertical distribution of newborn fish was assessed through an ex situ exposure experiment. Syngnathus abaster newborns were exposed to EE(2) (nominal concentrations of 8, 12 and 36 ng L(-1)) and the dynamics of their vertical distribution was monitored for up to 40 d. No significant differences in overall mortality were observed between treatments or in the dynamics of the registered death curves. Nevertheless, an alteration in the distribution patterns was observed. The commonly benthic newborn tended to shift their vertical distribution towards the surface, in a dose-dependent manner. Curiously, a follow up of the exposed pipefish confirmed that EE(2) effects were also noticeable upon sexual maturity, namely by the alteration of several primary and secondary sexual characters. The observation that vertical distributional patterns, at least in pipefish, are clearly altered at environmentally relevant EE(2) concentrations indicates that EDC's impact in fish larvae behaviour should be considered when addressing the effects of contaminants, given the obvious implications on population connectivity, stability and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Sárria
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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28
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Şişman T. Early life stage and genetic toxicity of stannous chloride on zebrafish embryos and adults: toxic effects of tin on zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2011; 26:240-249. [PMID: 20014007 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to stannous chloride (SnCl(2)), known as tin chloride, present in packaged food, soft drinks, biocides, dentifrices, etc. Health effects in children exposed to tin and tin compounds have not been investigated yet. Therefore, we evaluated the possible teratogenic effects and genotoxic of SnCl(2) in zebrafish (Danio rerio) adults and their embryos. In the embryo-larval study, SnCl(2) showed embryo toxicity and developmental delay after exposure to the various concentrations of 10-250 μM for 120 h. Teratogenic effects including morphological malformations of the embryos and larvae were observed. The embryos exposed to 100 μM displayed tail deformation at 28 hpf and the larvae exposed to 50 μM showed reduced body growth, smaller head and eyes, bent trunk, mild pericardial edema, and smaller caudal fin at 96 hpf. The results of the teratological study show that SnCl(2) induced a significant decrease in the number of living embryos and larvae. Regarding the chromosome analysis, SnCl(2) induced a dose-dependent increase in the micronucleus (MN) frequency in peripheral erythrocytes of adult zebrafish. In blood cells, the 25 μM dose of SnCl(2) caused a nonsignificant increase in the total chromosomal aberrations, but the high doses significantly increased the total number of chromosomal aberrations compared with the control groups. Overall, the results clearly indicate that SnCl(2) is teratogenic and genotoxic to zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turgay Şişman
- Biology Department, Science Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
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29
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Satone H, Lee JM, Oba Y, Kusakabe T, Akahoshi E, Miki S, Suzuki N, Sasayama Y, Nassef M, Shimasaki Y, Kawabata SI, Honjo T, Oshima Y. Tributyltin-binding protein type 1, a lipocalin, prevents inhibition of osteoblastic activity by tributyltin in fish scales. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 103:79-84. [PMID: 21396342 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin-binding protein type 1 (TBT-bp1) is a member of the lipocalin family of proteins which bind to small hydrophobic molecules. In this study, we expressed a recombinant TBT-bp1 (rTBT-bp1, ca. 35kDa) in a baculovirus expression system and purified the protein from the hemolymph of silkworm larvae injected with recombinant baculovirus. After incubation of a mixture of rTBT-bp1 and TBT and its fractionation by means of gel filtration chromatography, TBT was detected in the elution peak of rTBT-bp1, confirming the binding potential of rTBT-bp1 for TBT. An assay of the ability of rTBT-bp1 or native TBT-bp1 (nTBT-bp1) to restore osteoblastic activity inhibited by TBT showed that co-treatment of the scales with rTBT-bp1 or nTBT-bp1 in combination with TBT restored osteoblastic activity in goldfish scales, whereas treatment with TBT alone significantly inhibited osteoblastic activity. These results suggest that TBT-bp1 as a lipocalin member might function to decrease the toxicity of TBT by binding to TBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Satone
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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30
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Olmstead AW, Villeneuve DL, Ankley GT, Cavallin JE, Lindberg-Livingston A, Wehmas LC, Degitz SJ. A method for the determination of genetic sex in the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, to support testing of endocrine-active chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:3090-3095. [PMID: 21361318 DOI: 10.1021/es103327r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Certain endocrine-active toxicants have been reported to completely sex reverse both male and female individuals in amphibian, avian, fish, invertebrate, and reptile species, resulting in a phenotype indistinguishable from unaffected individuals. Detection of low-level sex reversal often requires large numbers of organisms to achieve the necessary statistical power, especially in those species with predominantly genetic sex determination and cryptic/homomorphic sex chromosomes. Here we describe a method for determining the genetic sex in the commonly used ecotoxicological model, the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Analysis of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) in a spawn of minnows resulted in detection of 10 sex-linked AFLPs, which were isolated and sequenced. No recombination events were observed with any sex-linked AFLP in the animals examined (n=112). A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was then developed that determined the presence of one of these sex-linked polymorphisms for utilization in routine toxicological testing. Analyses of additional spawns from our in-house culture indicate that fathead minnows utilize a XY sex determination strategy and confirm that these markers can be used to genotype sex; however, this method is currently limited to use in laboratory studies in which breeders possess a defined genetic makeup. The genotyping method described herein can be incorporated into endocrine toxicity assays that examine the effects of chemicals on gonad differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen W Olmstead
- Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, Minnesota 55804, United States.
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31
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Song JY, Nakayama K, Murakami Y, Kitamura SI. Heavy oil exposure induces high moralities in virus carrier Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2011; 63:362-365. [PMID: 21316712 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between chemical exposure and disease outbreak in fish has not been fully defined due to the limitations of experimental systems (model fish and pathogens). Therefore, we constructed a system using the Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, and viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), and evaluated it by heavy oil (HO) exposure. The fish were exposed to HO at 0.3, 0.03, 0.003, and 0 g/L following VHSV infection at doses of 10(2.5) or 10(3.5) tissue culture infectious dose (TCID)50/fish. As a result, groups given the dual stressors showed more than 90% mortality. Although VHSV infection at 10(2.5) and 10(3.5) TCID50/fish without HO exposure also induced high mortality, at 68.8% and 81.3%, respectively, HO exposure induced faster and higher mortality in the virus carrier fish, indicating that chemical stressors raise the risk of disease outbreak in fish. The experimental system established in this study could be useful for chemical risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Young Song
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Centre for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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32
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a Marca Pereira ML, Wheeler JR, Thorpe KL, Burkhardt-Holm P. Development of an ex vivo brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) gonad culture for assessing chemical effects on steroidogenesis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 101:500-511. [PMID: 21276476 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A variety of natural and synthetic environmental substances have been shown to disrupt vertebrate reproduction through mimicking or modifying the regulation of the endocrine system. Tests to screen for any such chemicals that directly interact with the steroid hormone receptors are widely available; however, few tests have been developed to identify chemicals that affect endocrine function through non-receptor mediated mechanisms. The aim of this study was, therefore, to develop an assay for the identification of substances that disrupt the activity of enzymes involved in the sex steroid biosynthesis cascade, in particular the aromatase enzyme, CYP19, that catalyses the final conversion of androgens to estrogens. A gonad ex vivo assay was developed using gonad explants harvested from juvenile brown trout and cultured in a modified Leibovitz medium. Effects on sex steroid biosynthesis were quantified through measurement of 17β-estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) concentrations in the medium after 2 days incubation. Exposure of ovary explants to 100 ng/mL 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione (ATD), a potent pharmaceutical aromatase inhibitor, reduced E2 concentrations and elevated T concentrations confirming that CYP19 activity could be inhibited in the assay. Exposure of ovary explants to 250 ng/mL prochloraz, an imidazole fungicide, also reduced E2 concentrations but did not affect T levels, consistent with reports that in addition to inhibiting CYP19 activity, prochloraz also inhibits enzymes in the steroidogenic pathway upstream of the CYP19 enzyme. Exposure to a third chemical, tributyltin (TBT), did not affect T or E2 concentrations, further supporting previous evidence that the CYP19 modulating effects of this chemical are not mediated through direct inhibition of CYP19 activity. These results demonstrate that the gonad ex vivo assay developed here can be successfully used to identify substances that disrupt sex steroid biosynthesis and further that it has the potential to inform on their specific mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L a Marca Pereira
- Programm MGU Mensch-Gesellschaft-Umwelt, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, Basel, Switzerland.
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33
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Nassef M, Tawaratsumita T, Oba Y, Satone H, Nakayama K, Shimasaki Y, Honjo T, Oshima Y. Induction of tributyltin-binding protein type 2 in Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, by exposure to tributyltin-d27. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2011; 62:412-414. [PMID: 21232774 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, individual Japanese flounder were intraperitoneally injected with 2 μg tributyltin-d27 (TBT-d27) fish⁻¹. Blood samples were collected on day 7 after injection. TBT-binding protein types 1 and 2 (TBT-bp1, -bp2) in the blood serum were quantified by western blotting analysis. As a result, the concentration of TBT-bp2 in TBT-d27 treated group increased to 220% of that in the solvent control, whereas the TBT-bp1 concentration decreased to 65% of that in the solvent control. Additionally, a positive relationship between the concentrations of TBT-bp2 and TBT was observed in blood sera of wild and cultured flounder. We suggest that TBT-bp2 is produced in response to TBT exposure and may play an important role in fish physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Nassef
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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34
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Zhang J, Zuo Z, Wang Y, Yu A, Chen Y, Wang C. Tributyltin chloride results in dorsal curvature in embryo development of Sebastiscus marmoratus via apoptosis pathway. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 82:437-42. [PMID: 20970159 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) is a ubiquitous marine environmental contaminant characterized primarily by its reproductive toxicity. However, the embryotoxicity of TBT has not been extensively described, especially in fishes. The aim of this study was to investigate the developmental toxicity of waterborne TBT at environmental levels (0, 0.1, 1, and 10 ng L(-1) as Sn) on Sebastiscus marmoratus embryos. Our study showed that TBT reduced the hatchability and caused apparent morphological abnormalities including dorsal curvature, severely twisted tails and pericardial edema. In addition, localized apoptosis was found in the tail regions of embryos after TBT exposure. The study provided a possible mechanistic link between apoptosis and TBT-induced twisted tails abnormality. TBT exposure induced retinoid X receptor α expression in S. marmoratus embryos at the 0.1 and 1 ng L(-1) group, which would be responsible for the increasing apoptotic cells induced by TBT. The results of the present study have widespread implications for environmental ecological assessment, management and the etiology of developmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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35
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Hobler C, Andrade AJM, Grande SW, Gericke C, Talsness CE, Appel KE, Chahoud I, Grote K. Sex-dependent aromatase activity in rat offspring after pre- and postnatal exposure to triphenyltin chloride. Toxicology 2010; 276:198-205. [PMID: 20708649 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Triphenyltin (TPT) is an organotin compound (OTC) previously widely used as an antifouling agent in paints applied in the marine environment, a fungicide, and as an agricultural pesticide. In female aquatic invertebrates, certain OTCs induce the so-called imposex, an abnormal induction of male sex characteristics. OTC-induced environmental endocrine disruption also occurs in fish and mammals and a number of in vivo and in vitro studies have argued that OTCs may act through inhibition of the aromatase enzyme. In vivo studies supporting the aromatase inhibition hypothesis in mammals are lacking. Recently, the causal relationship between inhibition of aromatase and imposex was questioned, suggesting aromatase independent mechanisms of action for this phenomenon. We conducted a comprehensive investigation to identify the most sensitive window of exposure to TPTCl and to examine the effects of pre- and postnatal exposure on postnatal development in rats. The results on brain and gonadal aromatase activity obtained from offspring of dams exposed to 2 mg TPTCl/kg bw are reported here. Female and male offspring rats were exposed to 2 mg TPTCl/kg bw/d in utero from gestation day 6 through lactation until weaning on PND 21, or from gestation day 6 until termination at adulthood. Male offspring were sacrificed from PND 58 and female offspring at first estrus after PND 58. Pre- and postnatal TPT exposure clearly affected brain and gonadal aromatase activity in a sex-dependent fashion. While brain aromatase activity was significantly increased on PND 21 and at adulthood in female offspring, male offspring exhibited a significant decrease in brain aromatase activity only at adulthood. Ovarian aromatase activity was unaffected at both time points investigated. In contrast, testicular aromatase activity was significantly increased in males on PND 21 and significantly decreased at adulthood independent from the duration of treatment. The results of the present study confirm our previously reported observations regarding sex-dependent differences in sexual development after TPT exposure with the male rat being more susceptible to disturbances through this endocrine active compound than the female. We conclude that TPT administered during the particularly vulnerable period of development can affect aromatase activity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Hobler
- Inst. of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité University Medical School, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Olmstead AW, Lindberg-Livingston A, Degitz SJ. Genotyping sex in the amphibian, Xenopus (Silurana) tropicalis, for endocrine disruptor bioassays. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2010; 98:60-66. [PMID: 20202696 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Revised: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting compounds have been shown to alter gonad differentiation in both male and female individuals in amphibian, avian, fish, invertebrate, and reptile species. In some cases, these affected individuals are completely sex reversed and are morphologically indistinguishable from normal individuals of the opposite sex. Detecting shifts in sex ratios following chemical exposure often requires large numbers of organisms to achieve the necessary statistical power, especially in those species with genetic sex determination and homomorphic sex chromosomes (such as amphibians and many fish). The ability to assess the genetic sex of individuals would allow for detection of sex reversal (genotype-phenotype mismatches) that have greater statistical power compared to examining changes in sex ratios. Utilizing amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), we developed a method for genotyping sex in the amphibian, Xenopus (Silurana) tropicalis, that can be incorporated into endocrine disruptor screening assays that examine the effects of chemicals on gonad differentiation. AFLPs from 512 primer pairs were assessed in one spawn of X. tropicalis. Each primer pair yielded, on average, 100 fragments. In total 17 sex-linked AFLPs were identified, isolated, and sequenced. A recombination map of these AFLPs was generated using over 300 individuals with four AFLPs having a recombination rate of 0% with regard to sex. A BLASTn search of the X. tropicalis genome using these AFLP sequences resulted in identification of sex-linked scaffolds. Areas of these scaffolds were searched for additional polymorphisms that could be utilized for genotyping sex. Retrospective and prospective strategies for incorporating genotyping sex in endocrine disruptor bioassays with X. tropicalis were developed. A Monte Carlo simulation comparing analyzing data as sex ratio shifts versus assessment of sex reversal using genotyping demonstrates the increase in statistical power that can be obtained by genotyping sex in studies dealing with altered gonad differentiation. This approach to identifying sex-linked markers and developing sex genotyping methods is applicable to other species with genetic sex determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen W Olmstead
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN, United States.
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Nassef M, Kim SG, Seki M, Kang IJ, Hano T, Shimasaki Y, Oshima Y. In ovo nanoinjection of triclosan, diclofenac and carbamazepine affects embryonic development of medaka fish (Oryzias latipes). CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 79:966-973. [PMID: 20207391 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We examined the toxicity of three pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) - triclosan (TCS), diclofenac (DCF), and carbamazepine (CBMZ) - on embryonic development of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) using in ovo nanoinjection. Medaka eggs (8h post-fertilization; late blastula stage) were injected with 0.5nL of triolein (vehicle control) or 0.5nL of PPCPs, using different doses of TCS (1, 5, or 9ng), DCF (1, 5, or 12ng), or CBMZ (1, 5, or 12ng) per egg in triolein, in addition to uninjected control. Following injection, we recorded survival, embryonic lesions, delay in embryonic development (eye, embryonic body and internal organs), heart beat rate, hatchability, and hatching time of embryos and upward swimming of larvae. As a result, injected PPCPs caused toxic responses to medaka embryos during embryonic development and around the day of hatching. Based on estimated EC(50) values of PPCPs doses on survival of injected embryos at hatching, TCS (at a dose of 4.2ngegg(-1)) was generally more toxic to medaka embryos, followed by DCF (6.0ngegg(-1)), and CBMZ (13.1ngegg(-1)). We conclude that the nanoinjection medaka embryos model is a valuable tool for analyzing the effects of chemicals on the development of fish embryos and feasibility of nanoinjecting PPCPs into small fish eggs perhaps mimicking early exposure resulting from oocyte uptake of contaminants from maternal extra gonadal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Nassef
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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Hamlin HJ, Guillette LJ. Birth Defects in Wildlife: The Role of Environmental Contaminants as Inducers of Reproductive and Developmental Dysfunction. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2010; 56:113-21. [DOI: 10.3109/19396360903244598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Guo S, Qian L, Shi H, Barry T, Cao Q, Liu J. Effects of tributyltin (TBT) on Xenopus tropicalis embryos at environmentally relevant concentrations. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 79:529-533. [PMID: 20202669 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) has been widely used as a biocide in antifouling paints and is a known endocrine disrupting chemical. In this paper, we exposed embryos of Xenopus tropicalis to 50-400ngL(-1) tributyltin chloride. TBT significantly decreased the survival rate, reduced the body length and retarded the development of embryos after 24, 36 and 48h of exposure. These effects of TBT were concentration- and time-dependent. Embryos treated with TBT showed multiple malformations. The most obvious alterations were abnormal eyes, enlarged proctodaeum, narrow fins, and skin hypopigmentation. Enlarged proctodaeum and narrow fins were mainly observed after 36 and 48h of exposure. The loss of eye pigmentation or the absence of external eyes occurred after 24 and 36h of exposure, while extended lenses or edemas of eyes were more commonly observed after 48h of exposure. Additional malformations included: small anterior region of heads, pericardial edemas, enlarged trunks, and bent tails. These results suggested that TBT is very toxic to X. tropicalis embryos at environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzhen Guo
- Department of Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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Hano T, Oshima Y, Kinoshita M, Tanaka M, Wakamatsu Y, Ozato K, Nassef M, Shimasaki Y, Honjo T. In ovo nanoinjection of nonylphenol affects embryonic development of a transgenic see-through medaka (Oryzias latipes), olvas-GFP/STII-YI strain. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 77:1594-1599. [PMID: 19853273 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2009] [Revised: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We performed in ovo nanoinjection of 4-nonylphenol (NP) into embryos of a transgenic see-through medaka (Oryzias latipes), olvas-GFP/STII-YI strain, which has two genotypic sex markers, and examined the effects on development and sexual differentiation. The transgene consisted of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene fused to the regulatory region of the medaka vasa gene. Germ cell-specific GFP expression was visualized in the gonad through the transparent body wall of the living fish. The development of each embryo was observed after nanoinjection of 2.0, 10, 50, 125, or 250 ng of NP. NP administration caused significant higher mortality at > or = 50 ng egg(-1) and inhibited embryonic development, including abnormal hatch and swim-up failure in all treatment groups except 10 ng egg(-1) group. However, it did not cause adverse effects on germ cell proliferation by 10d posthatch (dph) or sex differentiation of survivors by 100 dph. We concluded that single-dose in ovo exposure to nonylphenol affected embryonic development in the medaka but not gonadal development by 10 dph or sexual differentiation in adult fish by 100 dph. Although further investigations might be needed to elucidate the usefulness of nanoinjection of embryos of this strain, present study indicated that the nanoinjection model using olvas-GFP/STII-YI strain medaka has potential for use in evaluating the effects of chemicals on early development and sexual differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hano
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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Sonak S, Pangam P, Giriyan A, Hawaldar K. Implications of the ban on organotins for protection of global coastal and marine ecology. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2009; 90 Suppl 1:S96-108. [PMID: 18977581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 08/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Organotin-based antifouling paints are highly effective against most fouling organisms, and their application results in a large amount of savings for the shipping industry. On the other hand, TBT (tributyltin) in antifouling paints is described as the most toxic substance ever introduced into the marine environment. Consequential environmental impacts of TBT led to its regulation in many countries, although concerns were raised regarding the complete prohibition of organotin-based compounds in antifouling paints. Serious concerns were also raised regarding the complete banning of organotins. After long deliberations, the AFS Convention (convention to control the use of harmful antifouling systems on ships) was adopted on 5 October 2001. The Convention, which prohibits the use of harmful organotins in antifouling paints used on ships, will enter into force on 17 September 2008. In view of the concerns raised against the prohibition of organotin-based compounds in antifouling paints, this paper focuses on a review of the AFS Convention, with a gap analysis on the difficulties in implementation of the Convention. It also offers some recommendations for improved policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Sonak
- The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Western Regional Centre (WRC), H. No. 233/GH-2, Vasudha Housing Colony, Alto-St Cruz, Bambolim, Goa 403 202, India.
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Satone H, Oshima Y, Shimasaki Y, Tawaratsumida T, Oba Y, Takahashi E, Kitano T, Kawabata SI, Kakuta Y, Honjo T. Tributyltin-binding protein type 1 has a distinctive lipocalin-like structure and is involved in the excretion of tributyltin in Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2008; 90:292-299. [PMID: 18992946 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Revised: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin-binding protein type 1 (TBT-bp1) is a newly discovered protein that binds with TBT in the blood of the Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. We determined the genomic sequence of TBT-bp1 and found that this protein has a conserved exon-intron structure that is common to the lipocalin protein family. The secondary and tertiary structures of TBT-bp1, predicted from amino acid sequence, included at least two alpha-helices and eight beta-sheets that are conserved in all lipocalins and form a barrel structure that may bind with ligands. Analysis of the gene structure, secondary structure, and tertiary structure demonstrated that TBT-bp1 could be classified as a lipocalin. A homology search revealed the presence of TBT-bp1-like proteins in eight species of teleost. When flounder were injected intraperitoneally with TBT-d27 at 11.6mug/fish, TBT-d27 was detected in the blood and in the skin mucus. The concentration of TBT-d27 in mucus was approximately 1/100 of that in the serum. Western blotting analysis revealed that TBT-bp1 was present in the skin mucus. These results suggest that TBT-bp1 in Japanese flounder binds with TBT and is excreted from the body via the mucus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Satone
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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Zhang Z, Hu J, Zhen H, Wu X, Huang C. Reproductive inhibition and transgenerational toxicity of triphenyltin on medaka (Oiyzias latipes) at environmentally relevant levels. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:8133-8139. [PMID: 19031914 DOI: 10.1021/es801573x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have reported unexpectedly high body burdens of triphenyltin (TPT) in wild fishes around the world. To assess the effects of TPT on fish, we exposed pairs of medaka (Oryzias latipes) to different levels of TPT for 5 weeks, and the reproduction responses and transgenerational effects were studied. The results demonstrated that TPT exposure markedly suppressed the spawning frequency, spawned egg number, egg quality and gonad development, and induced teratogenesis, such as hemorrhaging, eye defects, morphological malformation and conjoined twins, less hatchability, and swim-up failure in the F1 generation, thereby resulting in a significant decrease in the capacity to produce viable offspring (p < 0.01). The residual TPT levels in the exposure fish are in the range of 6.52 +/- 0.56 to 5595 +/- 1016 ng of TPT/g of wet weight, similar to those reported in wild fish around the world, indicating TPT contamination in the real world would have a significant adverse effect on the health of fish population. Down-regulation of vitellogenin (VTG) genes in the female of the TPT exposure groups was recognized as a cause for the decreased fecundity. Expressions of VEGFs and PAX6 associated with vascular or ocular development respectively, were measured in hemorrhaging and eye defects embryos and showed good correlations with response outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobin Zhang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Copy number variation of lipocalin family genes for male-specific proteins in tilapia and its association with gender. Heredity (Edinb) 2008; 101:405-15. [PMID: 18648387 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2008.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipocalins are involved in the binding of small molecules like sex steroids. We show here that the previously reported tilapia male-specific protein (MSP) is a lipocalin encoded by a variety of paralogous and homologous genes in different tilapia species. Exon-intron boundaries of MSP genes were typical of the six-exon genomic structure of lipocalins, and the transcripts were capable of encoding 200 amino-acid polypeptides that consisted of a putative signal peptide and a lipocalin domain. Cysteine residues are conserved in positions analogous to those forming the three disulfide bonds characteristic of the ligand pocket. The calculated molecular mass of the secreted MSP (20.4 kDa) was less than half of that observed, suggesting that it is highly glycosylated like its homologue tributyltin-binding protein. Analysis of sequence variations revealed three types of paralogs MSPA, MSPB and MSPC. Expression of both MSPA and MSPB was detected in testis. In haploid Oreochromis niloticus embryos, each of these types consisted of two closely related paralogs, and asymmetry between MSP copy numbers on the maternal (six copies) and the paternal (three copies) chromosomes was observed. Using this polymorphism we mapped MSPA and MSPC to linkage group 12 of an F(2) mapping family derived from a cross between O. niloticus and Oreochromis aureus. Females with high MSP copy number were more frequent by more than twofold than males. Gender-MSPC combinations showed significant deviation from expected Mendelian segregation (P=0.009) suggesting elimination of males with MSPC copies. We discuss different hypotheses to explain this elimination, including possibility for allelic conflict resulted by the hybridization.
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