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Zhang C, Chen W, Owens G, Chen Z. Recovery of rare earth elements from mine wastewater using alginate microspheres encapsulated with zeolitic imidazolate framework-8. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134435. [PMID: 38691933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
There is increasing demand and interest in efficient methods for the recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from wastewater because of the growing concerns associated with the negative impacts of REEs-rich waste discharged on pristine ecosystems. Here, we designed a ZIF-8@ALG composite hydrogel by encapsulating zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-8 (ZIF-8) into sodium alginate and poly (vinyl alcohol) double cross-linked networks (ALG) for the recovery of REEs from mine wastewater. ZIF-8@ALG showed exceptional REEs adsorption performance with the most superior separation factor (Ho/Mn) of 597.5. For the REEs considered, the ZIF-8@ALG composite exhibited a preference for heavy REEs with high adsorption efficiencies (65.3 ∼ 97.2%) and distribution coefficients (2045.5 ∼ 28500.0 mL·g-1). Adsorption involved a combination of electrostatic attraction, complexation and ion exchange mechanisms. REEs adsorbed on ZIF-8@ALG could also be desorbed using sodium citrate via ion-exchange and complexation, thus achieving efficient REEs recovery. In addition, ZIF-8@ALG was stable and reusable, maintaining effective adsorption in wastewater over four consecutive cycles, where the optimal adsorption efficiency reached 80.0%. Overall, this study provided an effective and feasible method for the recovery of REEs in mine wastewater, and confirmed that ZIF-8-based materials have significant potential for REEs recovery applications in wastewater engineering treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxin Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian Province, China
| | - Gary Owens
- Environmental Contaminants Group, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australian, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Zuliang Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian Province, China.
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2
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Pasciucco E, Pasciucco F, Castagnoli A, Iannelli R, Pecorini I. Removal of heavy metals from dredging marine sediments via electrokinetic hexagonal system: A pilot study in Italy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27616. [PMID: 38515701 PMCID: PMC10955240 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the several treatment options, electrokinetic (EK) remediation is recognized as an effective technique for the removal of heavy metals from low-permeability porous matrices. However, most of the EK decontamination research reported was performed on linear configuration systems at a laboratory scale. In this study, a series of experiments were performed on a pilot-scale system where the electrodes were arranged in a hexagonal configuration, to assess the improvement of the EK process in the removal of inorganic contaminants from sediments dredged in the harbor of Piombino, Italy. HNO3 was used as acid conditioning and both pH effect and treatment duration time were investigated. Sediment characterization and metal fractionation were also presented, in order to understand how the bioavailability of metals affects the process efficiency. The increase in pH due to the buffering capacity of the sediment in the sections close to the cathode favored the precipitation and accumulation of metals. However, the results highlighted that longer treatment times, combined with an efficient pH reduction, can improve treatment performance, resulting in high removal efficiencies for all the target metals considered (a percentage removal greater than 50% was reached for Cd, Ni, Pb, Cu and Zn). Compared to different EK configuration systems, the hexagonal configuration arrangement applied in our study provides better results for the remediation of dredged marine sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Pasciucco
- Department of Energy, Systems Territory and Construction Engineering, Via C.F. Gabba 22, Tuscany, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56122, Italy
| | - Francesco Pasciucco
- Department of Energy, Systems Territory and Construction Engineering, Via C.F. Gabba 22, Tuscany, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56122, Italy
| | - Alessio Castagnoli
- Department of Energy, Systems Territory and Construction Engineering, Via C.F. Gabba 22, Tuscany, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56122, Italy
| | - Renato Iannelli
- Department of Energy, Systems Territory and Construction Engineering, Via C.F. Gabba 22, Tuscany, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56122, Italy
| | - Isabella Pecorini
- Department of Energy, Systems Territory and Construction Engineering, Via C.F. Gabba 22, Tuscany, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56122, Italy
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Sun Z, Tan W, Gong J, Wei G. Electrokinetic Remediation of Zn-Polluted Soft Clay Using a Novel Electrolyte Chamber Configuration. TOXICS 2023; 11:263. [PMID: 36977028 PMCID: PMC10051708 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated a novel electrolyte chamber configuration for heavy-metal-contaminated fine-grained soil to reduce the leakage of electrolyte solution and alleviate secondary pollution, finally promoting the electrokinetic remediation (EKR) potential to be scaled up for application. Experiments were conducted on clay spiked with Zn to investigate the feasibility of the novel EKR configuration and the effect of different electrolyte compositions on the electrokinetic remedial efficiency. The results show that the electrolyte chamber situated above the soil surface is promising for the remediation of Zn-contaminated soft clay. Using 0.2 M citric acid as the anolytes and catholytes was an excellent choice for pH control in the soil and the electrolytes. Through this, the removal efficiency in different soil sections was relatively uniform and more than 90% of the initial Zn was removed. The supplementing of electrolytes resulted in the water content in the soil being distributed evenly and finally sustained at approximately 43%. Consequently, this study proved that the novel EKR configuration is suitable for fine-grained soil contaminated with Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohua Sun
- School of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
- Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Wanxia Tan
- School of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Jian Gong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Engineering Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Guowei Wei
- Jiangsu Zhongnan Construction Industry Group Co., Ltd., Nantong 226199, China
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Huang Q, Zhou M, Zhou J, Chu L, Cang L. Roles of oxidant, activator, and surfactant on enhanced electrokinetic remediation of PAHs historically contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:88989-89001. [PMID: 35841503 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21952-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic (EK) remediation technology can enhance the migration of reagents to soil and is especially suitable for in situ remediation of low permeability contaminated soil. Due to the long aging time and strong hydrophobicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from historically polluted soil, some enhanced reagents (oxidant, activator, and surfactant) were used to increase the mobility of PAHs, and remove and degrade PAHs in soil. However, under the electrical field, there are few reports on the roles and combined effect of oxidant, activator, and surfactant for remediation of PAHs historically contaminated soil. In the present study, sodium persulfate (PS, oxidant, 100 g L-1) or/and Tween 80 (TW80, surfactant, 50 g L-1) were added to the anolyte, and citric acid chelated iron(II) (CA-Fe(II), activator, 0.10 mol L-1) was added to catholyte to explore the roles and contribution of enhanced reagents and combined effect on PAHs removal in soil. A constant voltage of 20 V was applied and the total experiment duration was 10 days. The results showed that the removal rate of PAHs in each treatment was PS + CA-Fe(II) (21.3%) > PS + TW80 + CA-Fe(II) (19.9%) > PS (17.4%) > PS + TW80 (11.4%) > TW80 (8.1%) > CK (7.5%). The combination of PS and CA-Fe(II) had the highest removal efficiency of PAHs, and CA-Fe(II) in the catholyte could be transported toward anode via electromigration. The addition of TW80 reduced the electroosmotic flow and inhibited the transport of PS from anolyte to the soil, which decreased the removal of PAHs (from 17.4 to 11.4% with PS, from 21.3 to 19.9% with PS+CA-Fe(II)). The calculation of contribution rates showed that PS was the strongest enhancer (3.3~9.9%), followed by CA-Fe(II) (3.9~8.5%) (with PS), and the contribution of TW80 was small and even negative (-1.4~0.6%). The above results indicated that the combined application of oxidant and activator was conducive to the removal of PAHs, while the addition of surfactant reduced the EOF and the migration of oxidant and further reduced the PAHs removal efficiency. The present study will help to further understand the role of enhanced reagents (especially surfactant) during enhanced EK remediation of PAHs historically contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jinjin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Longgang Chu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Long Cang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Wang Y, Li A, Ren B, Han Z, Lin J, Zhang Q, Cao T, Cui C. Mechanistic insights into soil heavy metals desorption by biodegradable polyelectrolyte under electric field. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118277. [PMID: 34610413 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we firstly used alginate to enhance an electrokinetic technology to remediate soil contaminated with divalent heavy metals (Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+). The mechanisms of alginate-associated migration of metal ions in electric field were confirmed. Alginate resulted in a high electrical current during electrokinetic process, and soil conductivity also increased after remediation. Obvious changes in both electroosmotic flow and soil pH were observed. Moreover, these factors were affected by increasing alginate dosage. The highest Cu (95.82%) and Zn (97.33%) removal efficiencies were obtained by introducing 1 wt% alginate. Alginate can desorb Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions from soil by forming unstable gels, which could be dissociated through electrolysis. However, Pb2+ ions did not easily migrate out of the contaminated soil. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations show Pb2+ ions could form a more stable coordination sphere in metal complexes than Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions. The metal removal efficiency was decreased by increasing alginate dosage at a high level. More alginate could provide more carboxyl ligands for divalent metal ions to stabilize gels, which were difficult to dissociate by electrolysis. In summary, the results indicate it is potential for introducing alginate into an electrokinetic system to remediate Cu- and Zn- contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Ang Li
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Binqiao Ren
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijian Han
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhao Lin
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Cao
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongwei Cui
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang M, Feng M, Bai X, Liu L, Lin K, Li J. Chelating surfactant N-lauroyl ethylenediamine triacetate enhanced electrokinetic remediation of copper and decabromodiphenyl ether co-contaminated low permeability soil: Applicability analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 301:113888. [PMID: 34619584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, chelating surfactant N-lauroyl ethylenediamine triacetate (N-LED3A) was used as strengthening agent for electrokinetic (EK) remediation of copper (Cu) and decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) co-contaminated low permeability soil. The results indicated that negligible amount of N-LED3A would be adsorbed on the experimental soil. The synchronous elution efficiencies (SEEs) of Cu and BDE209 had reached 65.4% and 49.9%, respectively, when the concentration of N-LED3A was 4000 mg/L, and they kept almost unchanged as the concentration of N-LED3A further increased. Meanwhile, the optimal SEEs were obtained at the pH condition within 6-8. The removal efficiencies of Cu (55.3%-65.8%) and BDE209 (31.4%-46.4%) would be increased with the applied voltage gradient and concentration of N-LED3A. In addition, BDE209 and Cu contaminants were also detected in the catholyte and anolyte, respectively, and their concentrations still showed an uptrend by the end of the experiments. While in the control experiments, the removal efficiency of Cu was in the range of 18.2%-23.6%, and almost no BDE209 was migrated out. The electric current would be increased with N-LED3A concentration increased, further resulting in the enhancement of cumulative electro-osmotic flow (EOF). However, the increment of EOF was limited after an 8-day treatment due to the declined capacity of the soil water supply, and the removal efficiency of BDE209 did not change proportionally to the cumulative EOF as a consequence. The accumulated (21 days) energy consumption under the optimal operation conditions (voltage gradient 1 V/cm, N-LED3A 1 g/L) was 377.28 KWh/m3. Efficiently synchronous removal of BDE209 and Cu could be achieved by the N-LED3A enhanced EK technique, exhibiting a promising application potential in the organic pollutant and heavy metal co-contaminated soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Meiyun Feng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Lili Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Kuangfei Lin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Jianan Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Xu Y, Che T, Li Y, Fang C, Dai Z, Li H, Xu L, Hu F. Remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by sulfate radical advanced oxidation: Evaluation of efficiency and ecological impact. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 223:112594. [PMID: 34371456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination in soil remains expensive and difficult. Sulfate radical advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) can be used for in situ PAH oxidation but their efficiency and ecological impacts require evaluation. Here, we tested the remediation efficiency and ecological impacts of an SR-AOP combining sodium persulfate and ferrous sulfate (FS), the FS SR-AOP with the chelating agent citric acid (FS+CA), and the FS SR-AOP with chelating agent and the surfactant IGEPALCA-720 (FS+CA+IG) compared with natural attenuation (control, CK). We measured PAH, soil physicochemical properties (pH, soil organic matter [SOM]), and soil biological properties (polyphenol oxidase [PPO] activity, peroxidase [POD] activity, soil microbes) in contaminated soil samples after incubation with FS, FS+CA, FA+CA+IG, or CK for 1, 15, and 30 d. Compared with CK, all SR-AOPs significantly decreased PAH after 1 d, with FS+CA+IG showing the highest efficiency (80.8%) and PAH removal peaking at 15 d. FS+CA+IG treatment reduced SOM the least and soil pH the most; after 30 d, SOM recovered to ~80% of the level observed in CK, but soil pH decreased further. PPO and POD activities were highest after 15 and 30 d of FS+CA+IG treatment. Real-time quantitative PCR demonstrated that SR-AOPs significantly decreased quantities of PAH-degrading bacteria, soil bacteria, fungi, and actinobacteria at 1 d, but after 30 d, the microbes recovered to levels similar to those observed in CK, with no significant differences among SR-AOPs. SR-AOPs reduced bacterial diversity and changed the dominant phylum from Acidobacteria to Firmicutes. In summary, SR-AOP treatment with both the chelating agent and the surfactant produced the best PAH removal and least SOM destruction but the largest pH decrease, although some factors recovered with longer incubation. This study provides key information for improving PAH remediation and evaluating its ecological impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhou Xu
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Che
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Li
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwen Dai
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixin Li
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xu
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feng Hu
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Asadollahfardi G, Sarmadi MS, Rezaee M, Khodadadi-Darban A, Yazdani M, Paz-Garcia JM. Comparison of different extracting agents for the recovery of Pb and Zn through electrokinetic remediation of mine tailings. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 279:111728. [PMID: 33310346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of Electrokinetic Remediation to remove lead and zinc from real mine tailings, collected from the Lacan's lead and zinc Mineralized Flotation Processing Plant (Markazi province, Iran). High buffering capacity, high organic matter, and heavy metal contamination were the unique characteristics of this mine tailing. Electrokinetic remediation of the mine tailings was carried out in 11 separate experiments under constant voltage gradient of 2 V/cm for 9 days. Various enhancement techniques were tested, such as 1) electrolyte conditioning using chelating agents including ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, and hydrochloric acid; 2) increasing the concentration of the catholyte solution, and 3) adding chelating agents to the soil as a pre-treatment of the tailings and the electrolyte condoning simultaneously. The concentration of each electrolyte solution was selected based on the different extraction tests that resulted in the optimal or highest extraction percentage of lead and zinc. Electrolyte conditioning, in the case of using citric acid 1 M enhanced the removal of Pb and Zn dramatically. Catholyte conditioning, using citric acid 1 M, was the most effective enhancement technique for removing Zn (38.34%); also, the best removal efficiency of Pb (51.31%) was achieved using the same electrolyte solution in both electrode chambers. Increasing the acetic acid concentration was favorable for removal of both heavy metals. Compared to catholyte conditioning, pre-treatment coupled with catholyte conditioning could not improve the removal efficiency considerably.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Sina Sarmadi
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Milad Rezaee
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Ahmad Khodadadi-Darban
- Mineral Processing Group, Department of Mining Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdie Yazdani
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
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Ghobadi R, Altaee A, Zhou JL, McLean P, Ganbat N, Li D. Enhanced copper removal from contaminated kaolinite soil by electrokinetic process using compost reactive filter media. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123891. [PMID: 33254824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic (EK) remediation is a promising technology for soil decontamination, although basic pH in the soil close to cathode has constrained EK effectiveness due to heavy metal precipitation. This study aimed to enhance copper removal from kaolinite soil by integrating EK with compost (C) as recyclable reactive filter media (RFM) for the first time. Compost placed near the cathode served as an adsorbent to bind copper ions while buffering the advancement of the alkaline front in soil. The total copper removal rate increased from 1.03% in EK to 45.65% in EK-100%C under an electric potential of 10 V. Further experiments conducted by using biochar (BC) and compost/biochar (C + BC) mixture RFM at different ratios showed total Cu removal efficiency decreasing as EK-100%C > EK-(10%BC + 90%C) > EK-(20%BC + 80%C) > EK-(30%BC + 70%C) > EK. The application of a constant electric current of 20.00 mA further enhanced copper removal to 84.09% in EK-100%C although did not show significant enhancement in EK-(BC + C). The compost RFM was regenerated by acid extraction and then reused twice, achieving a total removal of 74.11%. The findings demonstrated compost as a promising and reusable RFM for the efficient removal of copper in contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Ghobadi
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Ali Altaee
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - John L Zhou
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Peter McLean
- School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Namuun Ganbat
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Donghao Li
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, PR China
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10
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Nasiri A, Jamshidi-Zanjani A, Khodadadi Darban A. Application of enhanced electrokinetic approach to remediate Cr-contaminated soil: Effect of chelating agents and permeable reactive barrier. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115197. [PMID: 32663675 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced electrokinetic (EK) technique was employed to remediate Cr-contaminated soil using a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) and chelating agents. Synthesized nanomagnetic Fe3O4 was used as a reactive material in PRB. Moreover, EDTA and citric acid (CA) were used as chelating agents. Sequential extraction method (SEM) was employed to determine Cr-elimination mechanism during the EK process. The results revealed that EDTA (78% Cr removal) was more effective than CA (54% Cr removal) in eliminating Cr from the contaminated soil during the EK process. The application of PRB in combination with EDTA was able to reduce the Cr removal rate to 70 and 66% by locating PRB in the middle section and near the anode/cathode reservoir, respectively. The use of PRB coupled with EDTA near the anode and cathode led to a more uniform Cr removal from the soil during the EK process. The highest energy consumption was 0.12 KWh during the EK remediation using PRB. Traditional EK remediation could only remove exchangeable and carbonate fractions of Cr. The use of chelating agents led to a significant (more than 90%) increase in Cr removal from the following fractions: exchangeable phase, carbonate phase, and bond to Fe-Mn oxides. In addition to electromigration (EM) mechanism, electroosmotic flow (EOF) played an important role in Cr removal during the EK process, especially when coupled with PRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Nasiri
- Master Student of Mining Engineering, Mining and Environment, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Fraiese A, Cesaro A, Belgiorno V, Sanromán MA, Pazos M, Naddeo V. Ultrasonic processes for the advanced remediation of contaminated sediments. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 67:105171. [PMID: 32446202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sediments play a fundamental role in the aquatic environment, so that the presence of contaminants poses severe concern for the possible negative effects on both environmental and human health. Sediment remediation is thus necessary to reduce pollutant concentrations and several techniques have been studied so far. A novel approach for sediment remediation is the use of Advanced Oxidation Processes, which include ultrasound (US). This paper focuses on the study of the ultrasonic effects for the simultaneous reduction of both organic and inorganic contaminants from sediments. To this end, the US technology was investigated as a stand-alone treatment as well as in combination with an electro-kinetic (EK) process, known to be effective in the removal of heavy metals from soil and sediments. The US remediation resulted in higher organic compound degradation, with an average 88% removal, but promising desorption yields (47-84%) were achieved for heavy metals as well. The combined EK/US process was found to be particularly effective for lead. Experimental outcomes highlighted the potential of the ultrasonic technology for the remediation of contaminated sediments and addressed some considerations for the possible scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fraiese
- Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 - 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - A Cesaro
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Napoli Federico II, via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - V Belgiorno
- Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 - 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - M A Sanromán
- CINTEX - Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - M Pazos
- CINTEX - Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - V Naddeo
- Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 - 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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12
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Yang X, Liu L, Tan W, Liu C, Dang Z, Qiu G. Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils by organic acid extraction and electrochemical adsorption. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114745. [PMID: 32416427 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils remains a global challenge. Here, low-molecular-weight organic acids were used to extract Cu and Zn from polluted soils, and the extracted heavy metals were subsequently adsorbed by activated carbon electrodes. The electrochemical adsorption mechanism as well as the influence of pH, organic acid type and voltage were investigated, and the soil remediation effect was further evaluated by the cultivation of rape. After extraction by citrate at initial pH 8.3 and electrochemical adsorption at 0.9 V for 7 d, the concentrations of total and bioavailable Cu in soils decreased from 1090 to 281 to 391 and 52 mg kg-1, and those of Zn decreased from 262 to 39 to 208 and 30 mg kg-1, respectively. Cu and Zn ions were mainly electrochemically adsorbed on the carbon cathode and anode, respectively, resulting in decreases of their concentrations to below 1 mg L-1 in the leachate. The presence of organic acids improved the remediation performance in the order of citrate > oxalate > acetate. The decrease in the initial pH of citrate solution enhanced the removal rate of Zn, while seemed to have no effect on that of Cu. The removal capacity for heavy metals decreased with decreasing cell voltage from 0.9 to 0.3 V. In the rape cultivation experiment, the Cu and Zn contents in shoot and root were decreased by more than 50%, validating the soil remediation effect. The present work proposes a facile method for heavy metal removal from contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lihu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenfeng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chengshuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guohong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
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13
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Lu Q. Insights into the remediation of cadmium-pyrene co-contaminated soil by electrokinetic and the influence factors. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126861. [PMID: 32348925 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The remediation of cadmium-pyrene co-contaminated soil by electrokinetic (EK) and the influence factors were investigated in this study. The artificial contaminated soils were treated for 20 days in EK experimental setups without electrolyte solution reservoirs, to simulate in-situ remediation of unsaturated soil. The results indicated that polarity-reversing electric field had maintained soil pH in the range of 7.27-7.67. Cadmium (Cd) contaminant would aggregate near electrodes, and the average Cd concentration in these areas had reached 72.21 mg/kg (original 51.6 mg/kg), while the value in soil farthest away from electrodes was 33.58 mg/kg. The reasons for Cd aggregated were: the insoluble hydroxide formations attribute to the frequently alternation of acid-base environment, and the decrease of pH and water holding capacity in soil away from electrodes would promote the dissolved Cd movement by electro-osmosis flow. Although the applied electric field could promote the growth and activity of pyrene-degrading microorganisms (PDM), the soluble Cd would be the restriction factor, especially in soil near electrodes. However, the highest (56.38%) pyrene removal efficiency (PRE) was achieved near electrodes due to the synergistic effect of electric filed and PDM, and PRE was positively correlated with the PDM number in soil away from electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lu
- Shanghai Prestige Environmental Engineering Co., LTD., Shanghai, 201499, China.
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14
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Zhou H, Xu J, Lv S, Liu Z, Liu W. Removal of cadmium in contaminated kaolin by new-style electrokinetic remediation using array electrodes coupled with permeable reactive barrier. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Kou Y, Zhao Q, Cheng Y, Wu Y, Dou W, Ren X. Removal of heavy metals in sludge via joint EDTA-acid treatment: Effects on seed germination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:135866. [PMID: 31865077 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr, and Cd) were removed from sludge via joint treatment with ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and three organic acids (citric acid, glutamic acid, or aspartic acid) at optimal EDTA-acid concentration ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1, respectively. Heavy metal removal rates and post-treatment nutrient retention in sludge was then analyzed. The effects of different proportions sludge and soil mixes on the germination of Chinese white cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. Chinensis Makino) seeds was then studied, and the mechanism by which nutrient content in the soil/sludge mixture affects seed germination was explored. The results indicated that the removal rate of the heavy metals decreased in the order of Zn > Ni > Cd > Pb > Cu > Cr, when EDTA was used in conjunction with citric acid and glutamic acid. In contrast, when EDTA was combined with aspartic acid, the removal rate of the heavy metals decreased in the order of Ni > Zn > Cd > Cu > Pb > Cr. Regarding the effect of heavy metal removal and sludge nutrient retention, EDTA-citric acid and EDTA-aspartic acid treatment had optimum results at a 1:1 ratio, while EDTA-glutamic acid treatment was optimum at a 1:2 ratio. At an optimum sludge to soil ratio of 1:4, the germination and root elongation inhibition rate of Chinese white cabbage seeds could be promoted, and the sludge could meet standard agricultural requirements. SPSS correlation analysis demonstrated that the seed germination index and nutrient content in sludge/soil mixtures were significantly correlated, demonstrating the feasibility of sludge for agricultural purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Kou
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, No 1, Zhanlan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, PR China.
| | - Qian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, No 1, Zhanlan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, No 1, Zhanlan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, No 1, Zhanlan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Wenna Dou
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, No 1, Zhanlan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Xianghao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, No 1, Zhanlan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, PR China.
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16
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Xiao J, Zhou S, Chu L, Liu Y, Li J, Zhang J, Tian L. Electrokinetic remediation of uranium(VI)-contaminated red soil using composite electrolyte of citric acid and ferric chloride. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:4478-4488. [PMID: 31832950 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06990-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the process of electrokinetic (EK) remediation of uranium-contaminated soil, the existence form of uranium in soil pore fluid will affect on its migration behavior. In this paper, a novel type of electrolyte (citric acid + ferric chloride, CA+ FeCl3) has been investigated for the EK remediation of uranium-contaminated red soil. The effects of different electrolyte and the concentrations of FeCl3 on migration behavior of U(VI) and environmental risks were investigated after EK remediation. The result showed that the optimum concentration was 0.1 mol/L CA mixed with 0.03 mol/L FeCl3 in this study. At this time, the removal efficiency of uranium was about 61.55 ± 0.41%, and the cumulative energy consumption was 0.2559 kWh. Compared with deionized water and single CA, combined CA with FeCl3 has the advantages of high removal efficiency, low leaching toxicity, and less damage to the soil after the electrokinetic remediation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Xiao
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Shukui Zhou
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Luping Chu
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yinjiu Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Jiali Li
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Linyu Tian
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
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17
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Delil AD, Köleli N. Investigation of a combined continuous flow system for the removal of Pb and Cd from heavily contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 229:181-187. [PMID: 31078032 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a combined continuous flow system was designed to remove Pb and Cd from heavily contaminated mine tailing soils. 0.05 M Na2EDTA was used as a chelating agent to remove Pb and Cd from polluted soil, taken from the vicinity of Kayseri ÇİNKUR, Turkey. The initial concentrations of Pb and Cd were 16381 ± 643 and 34347 ± 1310 mg kg-1, respectively. The electrochemical treatment process was applied to the waste washing solution, which emerged after being extracted from soil column and contained Pb and Cd. Metal ions were transformed to the metallic form by applying the electrochemical treatment process to the washing solution, containing Pb2+ and Cd2+. At the end of the leaching experiment, which was done with a 50 g soil sample in the soil column system, Pb and Cd removal efficiencies from soil were 59.72% and 58.01%, respectively. Then, the soil column solution was subjected to electrolysis through a 48 h period at 10 V. The electrochemical removal efficiency of ions, which moved from column to solution, was 84.46% for Pb and 59.21% for Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydeniz D Delil
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mersin University, Çiftlikköy Campus, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Nurcan Köleli
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Arel University, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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López-Vizcaíno R, dos Santos E, Yustres A, Rodrigo M, Navarro V, Martínez-Huitle C. Calcite buffer effects in electrokinetic remediation of clopyralid-polluted soils. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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Maletić SP, Beljin JM, Rončević SD, Grgić MG, Dalmacija BD. State of the art and future challenges for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is sediments: sources, fate, bioavailability and remediation techniques. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 365:467-482. [PMID: 30453240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are amongst the most abundant contaminants found in the aquatic environment. Due to their toxicity and carcinogenicity, their sources, fate, behaviour, and cleanup techniques have been widely investigated in the last several decades. When entering the sediment-water system, PAH fate is determined by particular PAH and sediment physico-chemical properties. Most of the PAHs will be associated with fine-grained, organic-rich, sediment material. This makes sediment an ultimate sink for these pollutants. This association results in sediment contamination, and in this manner, sediments represent a permanent source of water pollution from which benthic organisms may accumulate toxic compounds, predominantly in lipid-rich tissues. A tendency for biomagnification can result in critical body burdens in higher trophic species. In recent years, researchers have developed numerous methods for measuring bioavailable fractions (chemical methods, non-exhaustive extraction, and biomimetic methods), as valuable tools in a risk-based approach for remediation or management of contaminated sites. Contaminated sediments pose challenging cleanup and management problems, as conventional environmental dredging techniques are invasive, expensive, and sometimes ineffective or hard to apply to large and diverse sediment sites. Recent studies have shown that a combination of strategies including in situ approaches is likely to provide the most effective long-term solution for dealing with contaminated sediments. Such in situ approaches include, but are not limited to: bioaugmentation, biostimulation, phytoremediation, electrokinetic remediation, surfactant addition and application of different sorbent amendments (carbon-rich such as activated carbon and biochar) that can reduce exposure and limit the redistribution of contaminants in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snežana P Maletić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena M Beljin
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Srđan D Rončević
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marko G Grgić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Božo D Dalmacija
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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20
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López-Vizcaíno R, Yustres A, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Asensio L, Navarro V, Rodrigo MA. Techno-economic analysis of the scale-up process of electrochemically-assisted soil remediation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 231:570-575. [PMID: 30388654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a techno-economic study of the scaling-up of the electrochemically-assisted soil remediation (EASR) process of polluted soil. Four scales have been selected for the study: laboratory, bench, pilot and prototype, with a capacity of treating a volume of soil of 1 × 10-4, 2 × 10-3, 0.11 and 21.76 m3, respectively. This study analyses the technical information produced by studies carried out at each scale, and informs about the fixed costs (construction of the electrokinetic remediation reactor, installation of auxiliary services and purchase of analytical equipment) and variable costs (start-up, operation and dismantling of the test) derived from running a test at each of the evaluated scales. The information discussed in based on the experience gained with many evaluations carried out over the last decade at these scales. This information can provide useful guidance for developing a scaling-up of the EASR for many researchers starting on the evaluation of this important environmental remediation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R López-Vizcaíno
- Geoenvironmental Group, Civil Engineering School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - A Yustres
- Geoenvironmental Group, Civil Engineering School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C Sáez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - L Asensio
- Geoenvironmental Group, Civil Engineering School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - V Navarro
- Geoenvironmental Group, Civil Engineering School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Ghaeminia M, Mokhtarani N. Remediation of nitrate-contaminated groundwater by PRB-Electrokinetic integrated process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 222:234-241. [PMID: 29859463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Activated carbon is used as a reactive media in Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) for the removal of inorganic contaminants such as nitrate from groundwater. Since removal rate by this media decreases by time and due to the high costs of excavation and replacement of new media, the usage of activated carbon as an adsorbent in PRB is limited. The present study aimed to solve this defect by integrating electrokinetic process and PRB, using in-situ regeneration of activated carbon. This research was carried out on a laboratory scale using synthetically contaminated water and modified activated carbon as a reactive media in PRB. The effects of pH, nitrate concentration, carbon to sand ratio, and also electric gradient on the performance of the process were evaluated, and optimal conditions were determined, to increase the system longevity. According to the results, by applying an electric gradient of 1.25 V cm-1 to the PRB alone process in optimum operating condition (135 mg L-1 initial nitrate concentration, flow rate of 2.3 L min-1, pH = 6.8, and carbon to sand ratios of 1:1) the adsorbent capacity increased by 90%. Under these conditions, the integrated process could keep nitrate concentration in the effluent below the standard limit for about 111 h, while the PRB alone process could do the same job for about 59 h. Also, SEM analysis showed that by applying electrokinetic process, activated carbon was regenerated. Integration of electrokinetic process and PRB was also caused nitrate to transfer from activated carbon media into the soil layer above the system. This nitrate-rich soil has the potential for reuse in agricultural activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdyar Ghaeminia
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, 1411713116 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nader Mokhtarani
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, 1411713116 Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Ramadan BS, Sari GL, Rosmalina RT, Effendi AJ. An overview of electrokinetic soil flushing and its effect on bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 218:309-321. [PMID: 29689534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Combination of electrokinetic soil flushing and bioremediation (EKSF-Bio) technology has attracted many researchers attention in the last few decades. Electrokinetic is used to increase biodegradation rate of microorganisms in soil pores. Therefore, it is necessary to use solubilizing agents such as surfactants that can improve biodegradation process. This paper describes the basic understanding and recent development associated with electrokinetic soil flushing, bioremediation, and its combination as innovative hybrid solution for treating hydrocarbon contaminated soil. Surfactant has been widely used in many studies and practical applications in remediation of hydrocarbon contaminant, but specific review about those combination technology cannot be found. Surfactants and other flushing/solubilizing agents have significant effects to increase hydrocarbon remediation efficiency. Thus, this paper is expected to provide clear information about fundamental interaction between electrokinetic, flushing agents and bioremediation, principal factors, and an inspiration for ongoing and future research benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimastyaji Surya Ramadan
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, 55171, Indonesia.
| | - Gina Lova Sari
- Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Singaperbangsa, Karawang, 41361, Indonesia.
| | | | - Agus Jatnika Effendi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia.
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Zhang L, Dong D, Hua X, Guo Z. Inhibitory effects of extracellular polymeric substances on ofloxacin sorption by natural biofilms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 625:178-184. [PMID: 29289003 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural biofilms have strong affinities for organic contaminants, and their extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) have been thought to control the sorption process. However, the role of EPS in the sorption of antibiotics, an emerging concern, is poorly understood. Here, soluble (SEPS) and bound EPS (BEPS) were extracted from intact biofilms incubated at different lengths of time to obtain SEPS- and BEPS-free biofilms. Batch sorption experiments and infrared spectroscopy were used to investigate the role of EPS in the sorption of ofloxacin (OFL) by natural biofilms. The sorption capacities of OFL onto intact biofilms were lower than that those onto SEPS-free and BEPS-free biofilms. Partition and Langmuir adsorption contributed to the sorption of OFL onto these biofilms. SEPS and BEPS suppressed partitioning of OFL into biofilm organic matter. Meanwhile, the formation of hydrogen bonds could affect the Langmuir adsorption of OFL onto BEPS-free biofilms. These sorption mechanisms occurred simultaneously and enhanced the sorption capacities of biofilms after EPS removal. The information obtained in this study is beneficial for understanding the interaction mechanisms between antibiotics and natural biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Jilin Province Key Lab of Water Resources and Aquatic Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Deming Dong
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Jilin Province Key Lab of Water Resources and Aquatic Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiuyi Hua
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Jilin Province Key Lab of Water Resources and Aquatic Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Jilin Province Key Lab of Water Resources and Aquatic Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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López Vizcaíno R, Yustres A, Asensio L, Saez C, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA, Navarro V. Enhanced electrokinetic remediation of polluted soils by anolyte pH conditioning. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 199:477-485. [PMID: 29454170 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In the treatment of a polluted soil, the pH has a strong impact on the development of different physicochemical processes as precipitation/dissolution, adsorption/desorption or ionic exchange. In addition, the pH determines the chemical speciation of the compounds present in the system and, consequently, it conditions the transport processes by which those compounds will move. This question has aroused great interest in the development of pH control technologies coupled to soil remediation processes. In electrokinetic remediation processes, pH has usually been controlled by catholyte pH conditioning with acid solutions, applied to cases of heavy metals pollution. However, this method is not effective with pollutants that can be dissociated in anionic species. In this context, this paper presents a study of the electrokinetic remediation of soils polluted with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a common polar pesticide, enhanced with an anolyte pH conditioning strategy. A numerical study is proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of the strategy. Several numerical tests have been carried out for NaOH solutions with different concentrations as pH conditioning fluid. The results show that the anolyte pH conditioning strategy makes it possible to control the pH of the soil and, consequently, the chemical speciation of pollutant species. Thus, it is possible to achieve an important flux of pesticide into the anolyte compartment (electro-migration of anionic species and diffusive transport of acid species). This way, it possible to maximise the pesticide accumulation in this compartment, allowing a much more effective removal of pollutants from the soil than without the anolyte pH conditioning strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R López Vizcaíno
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, Institute of Technology, Campus Universitario s/n, 16071 Cuenca, Spain.
| | - A Yustres
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, Institute of Technology, Campus Universitario s/n, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
| | - L Asensio
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, Institute of Technology, Campus Universitario s/n, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
| | - C Saez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - V Navarro
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, Institute of Technology, Campus Universitario s/n, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
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Tang X, Li Q, Wang Z, Hu Y, Hu Y, Scholz M. Improved isolation of cadmium from paddy soil by novel technology based on pore water drainage with graphite-contained electro-kinetic geosynthetics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:14244-14253. [PMID: 29525860 PMCID: PMC5978830 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1664-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Novel soil remediation equipment based on electro-kinetic geosynthetics (EKG) was developed for in situ isolation of metals from paddy soil. Two mutually independent field plot experiments A and B (with and without electric current applied) were conducted. After saturation using ferric chloride (FeCl3) and calcium chloride (CaCl2), soil water drainage capacity, soil cadmium (Cd) removal performance, energy consumption as well as soil residual of iron (Fe) and chloride (Cl) were assessed. Cadmium dissolved in the soil matrix and resulted in a 100% increase of diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA) extracted phyto-available Cd. The total soil Cd content reductions were 15.20% and 26.58% for groups A and B, respectively, and electric field applications resulted in a 74.87% increase of soil total Cd removal. The electric energy consumption was only 2.17 kWh/m3 for group B. Drainage by gravity contributed to > 90% of the overall soil dewatering capacity. Compared to conventional electro-kinetic technology, excellent and fast soil water drainage resulted in negligible hydrogen ion (H+) and hydroxide ion (OH-) accumulation at nearby electrode zones, which addressed the challenge of anode corrosion and cathode precipitation of soil metals. External addition of FeCl3 and CaCl2 caused soil Fe and Cl residuals and led to 4.33-7.59% and 139-172% acceptable augments in soil total Fe and Cl content, correspondingly, if compared to original untreated soils. Therefore, the novel soil remediation equipment developed based on EKG can be regarded as a promising new in situ technology for thoroughly isolating metals from large-scale paddy soil fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqiang Tang
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Geo-Hazards and Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Area, Hubei Province, Yichang, 443002, China.
| | - Qingyun Li
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China
- Key Laboratory of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China
- Key Laboratory of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Geo-Hazards and Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Area, Hubei Province, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Yanping Hu
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China
- Key Laboratory of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China
- Key Laboratory of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Miklas Scholz
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Civil Engineering Science, School of Civil Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, PO Box 524, Aukland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa.
- Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Peel Park Campus, Salford, Greater Manchester, M5 4WT, UK.
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Application of hexagonal two dimensional electrokinetic system on the nickel contaminated sediment and modelling the transport behavior of nickel during electrokinetic treatment. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Tian Y, Boulangé-Lecomte C, Benamar A, Giusti-Petrucciani N, Duflot A, Olivier S, Frederick C, Forget-Leray J, Portet-Koltalo F. Application of a crustacean bioassay to evaluate a multi-contaminated (metal, PAH, PCB) harbor sediment before and after electrokinetic remediation using eco-friendly enhancing agents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 607-608:944-953. [PMID: 28724226 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic (EK) remediation can be a suitable technology for treating contaminated dredged harbor sediment, stored on terrestrial disposal sites. Citric acid (CA) and biosurfactants (rhamnolipids and saponin) were chosen as enhancing agents for simultaneous metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn) and PAH/PCB removal by EK because of their potential low toxicity with a view to site restoration. Three EK runs were performed using a periodic voltage (1Vcm-1) and various concentrations of agents. The best combination of CA (0.2molL-1) and saponin (0.85gL-1) did not remove high amounts of metals (4.4-15.8%) and provided only slightly better results for PAH and PCB removal (29.2% and 38.2%, respectively). The harbor sediment was highly resistant to metal and organics mobilization and transport because of an aged contamination, a high buffering capacity, a very low hydraulic permeability and a high organic matter content. The efficiency of the EK process was also assessed by measuring the acute toxicity of the EK-treated sediment on E. affinis copepods exposed to sediment elutriates. Fortunately, the use of CA and biosurfactants did not significantly impact on sediment toxicity. Some treated sediment sections, particularly those near the anode compartment, were statistically more toxic than the raw sediment. More particularly, E. affinis copepods were significantly sensitive to low pH values and oxidative conditions, to Cu, and to a lesser extent to Pb amounts. The speciation of these metals probably changed in these pH and redox conditions so that they became more easily leachable and bioavailable. In contrast, toxicity was negatively correlated to PAH and PCB amounts after EK treatment, probably due to the production of oxidized metabolites of PAHs and PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tian
- Normandie University, ULHN, LOMC UMR CNRS 6294, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, 53 rue de Prony, 76600 Le Havre, France; Normandie University, URN, COBRA UMR CNRS 6014, 55 rue Saint Germain, 27000 Evreux, France.
| | - C Boulangé-Lecomte
- Normandie University, ULHN, SEBIO UMR-I 02, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, BP 1123, F-76063 Le Havre, France.
| | - A Benamar
- Normandie University, ULHN, LOMC UMR CNRS 6294, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, 53 rue de Prony, 76600 Le Havre, France.
| | - N Giusti-Petrucciani
- Normandie University, ULHN, SEBIO UMR-I 02, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, BP 1123, F-76063 Le Havre, France.
| | - A Duflot
- Normandie University, ULHN, SEBIO UMR-I 02, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, BP 1123, F-76063 Le Havre, France.
| | - S Olivier
- Normandie University, ULHN, SEBIO UMR-I 02, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, BP 1123, F-76063 Le Havre, France.
| | - C Frederick
- Normandie University, ULHN, SEBIO UMR-I 02, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, BP 1123, F-76063 Le Havre, France
| | - J Forget-Leray
- Normandie University, ULHN, SEBIO UMR-I 02, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, BP 1123, F-76063 Le Havre, France.
| | - F Portet-Koltalo
- Normandie University, URN, COBRA UMR CNRS 6014, 55 rue Saint Germain, 27000 Evreux, France.
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Tang J, He J, Liu T, Xin X, Hu H. Removal of heavy metal from sludge by the combined application of a biodegradable biosurfactant and complexing agent in enhanced electrokinetic treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 189:599-608. [PMID: 28963977 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the heavy metal removal potentiality of an electrokinetic (EK) decontamination treatment enhanced by a biodegradable complexing agent Tetrasodium of N, N-bis (carboxymethyl) glutamic acid (GLDA) also in combination with a biodegradable biosurfactant (rhamnolipid) was investigated to decontaminate heavy metals from the sludge. The main results explored that the nature of sludge and their interactions with different improving agents significantly influenced the electrokinetic removal processes. A general increase of pH values from anode to cathode in the sludge-cell was observed due to the strong buffering capacity of carbonates. Compared with the deionized water, the use of GLDA as an electrolyte, Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Ni and Mn removal efficiencies were 53.2 ± 3.12%, 67.4 ± 3.45%, 59.2 ± 4.78%, 45.4 ± 4.15%, 72.8 ± 3.68% and 45.0 ± 4.85%, respectively, whereas a further improvement heavy metals removal efficiencies (Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Ni and Mn removal efficiencies were 64.8 ± 2.34%, 56.8 ± 4.12%, 49.4 ± 4.45%, 46.6 ± 2.35%, 60.4 ± 3.45% and 69.6 ± 3.54%, respectively) were achieved by repalcing rhamnolipid as the electrolyte. Significantly higher removal efficiencies (Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Ni and Mn removal efficiencies were 70.6 ± 3.41%, 82.2 ± 5.21%, 89.0 ± 3.34%, 60.0 ± 4.67%, 88.4 ± 4.43% and 70.0 ± 3.51%, respectively) were obtained by the simultaneous use of GLDA and rhamnolipid due to their synergic action in electrokinetic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Junguo He
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Tiantian Liu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Xin
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Huizhi Hu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
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López-Vizcaíno R, Yustres A, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Rodrigo M, Navarro V. Effect of polarity reversal on the enhanced electrokinetic remediation of 2,4-D-polluted soils: A numerical study. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Falciglia PP, Malarbì D, Greco V, Vagliasindi FG. Surfactant and MGDA enhanced – Electrokinetic treatment for the simultaneous removal of mercury and PAHs from marine sediments. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Rasamimanana S, Lefèvre G, Dagnelie RVH. Various causes behind the desorption hysteresis of carboxylic acids on mudstones. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 168:559-567. [PMID: 27839884 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption desorption is a key factor for leaching, migration and (bio)degradation of organic pollutants in soils and sediments. Desorption hysteresis of apolar organic compounds is known to be correlated with adsorption/diffusion into soil organic matter. This work focuses on the desorption hysteresis of polar organic compounds on a natural mudstone sample. Acetic, citric and ortho-phthalic acids displayed adsorption-desorption hysteresis on Callovo-Oxfordian mudstone. The non-reversible behaviours resulted from three different mechanisms. Adsorption and desorption kinetics were evaluated using 14C- and 3H-labelled tracers and an isotopic exchange method. The solid-liquid distribution ratio of acetate decreased using a NaN3 bactericide, indicating a rapid bacterial consumption compared with negligible adsorption. The desorption hysteresis of phthalate was apparent and suppressed by the equilibration of renewal pore water with mudstone. This confirms the significant and reversible adsorption of phthalate. Finally, persistent desorption hysteresis was evidenced for citrate. In this case, a third mechanism should be considered, such as the incorporation of citrate in the solid or a chemical perturbation, leading to strong desorption resilience. The results highlighted the different pathways that polar organic pollutants might encounter in a similar environment. Data on phthalic acid is useful to predict the retarded transport of phthalate esters and amines degradation products in sediments. The behaviour of citric acid is representative of polydentate chelating agents used in ore and remediation industries. The impact of irreversible adsorption on solid/solution partitioning and transport deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rasamimanana
- DEN-Service d'Etude du Comportement des Radionucléides (SECR), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Lefèvre
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech-CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - R V H Dagnelie
- DEN-Service d'Etude du Comportement des Radionucléides (SECR), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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Hahladakis JN, Latsos A, Gidarakos E. Performance of electroremediation in real contaminated sediments using a big cell, periodic voltage and innovative surfactants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 320:376-385. [PMID: 27585269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present work focused on evaluating the electrokinetic (EK) treatment of real contaminated sediments with toxic metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), using a big laboratory EK cell, periodic voltage and recently tested non-ionic surfactants. The results indicated that the "day on-night off" application mode of voltage, in conjunction with the selected solubilising agents, favoured the overall EK process. Arsenic, nickel and chromium exhibited the highest removal percentages, obtaining 83%, 67% and 63%, respectively, while zinc and lead attained 54% and 41% at the maximum. Furthermore, in the experiments where the non-ionic surfactants were introduced in the electrolyte chambers, there was a major uniformly removal of PAHs from the entire sediment across the EK cell, indicating the high solubilisation capacity of the enhancing agents. Essentially, transport and in some cases removal of PAHs (particularly from sections adjacent to the electrolyte compartments) also occurred in the unenhanced EK run, mainly due their negative charge, their potential weak bonds to the soil matrix and to the periodic application of voltage. Maximum removal was obtained by the use of Nonidet P40 where app. 1/3 (ca. 6498μg out of 20145μg) of the total initial amount of PAHs were removed from the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Hahladakis
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Politechnioupolis, Chania 73100, Greece; School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, LS2 9JT, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - Antonis Latsos
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Politechnioupolis, Chania 73100, Greece
| | - Evangelos Gidarakos
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Politechnioupolis, Chania 73100, Greece.
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Missaoui A, Said I, Lafhaj Z, Hamdi E. Influence of enhancing electrolytes on the removal efficiency of heavy metals from Gabes marine sediments (Tunisia). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 113:44-54. [PMID: 27742129 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the feasibility of the treatment of heavy metals-contaminated sediments from Gabes harbor (Tunisia) using enhanced electrokinetic process. It presented a laboratory short-time electrokinetic experiment. The enhancing agents, as citric, acetic acids and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were used regarding their low environmental hazard. The electrokinetic cell was specially designed in order to elaborate two experiments at the same time. This paper is composed of three parts. The first part introduces the characterization of Gabes sediments. The second part describes the design of laboratory electrokinetic cell and the followed methods. The third part is dedicated to the results analysis. Treatment efficiency revealed that more than 80% of lead was removed from Gabes marine sediments. The reduction of cooper concentration, in sediments after treatment, ranged from 74 to 87%. Despite, the high removal of cadmium that ranged from 58 to 79%, treated sediments presented Cd concentration above the threshold limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Missaoui
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tunis, LR14ES03-Ingénierie Géotechnique, BP 37 Le Belvédère, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia; Ecole Centrale de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Imen Said
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tunis, LR14ES03-Ingénierie Géotechnique, BP 37 Le Belvédère, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Essaieb Hamdi
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tunis, LR14ES03-Ingénierie Géotechnique, BP 37 Le Belvédère, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
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35
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Falciglia PP, Malarbì D, Vagliasindi FG. Removal of mercury from marine sediments by the combined application of a biodegradable non-ionic surfactant and complexing agent in enhanced-electrokinetic treatment. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.11.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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36
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Yuan L, Xu X, Li H, Wang N, Guo N, Yu H. Development of novel assisting agents for the electrokinetic remediation of heavy metal-contaminated kaolin. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.09.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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37
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Yuan L, Li H, Xu X, Zhang J, Wang N, Yu H. Electrokinetic remediation of heavy metals contaminated kaolin by a CNT-covered polyethylene terephthalate yarn cathode. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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38
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Risco C, Rubí-Juárez H, Rodrigo S, López-Vizcaíno R, Saez C, Cañizares P, Barrera-Díaz C, Navarro V, Rodrigo MA. Removal of oxyfluorfen from spiked soils using electrokinetic soil flushing with the surrounding arrangements of electrodes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 559:94-102. [PMID: 27058128 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the results of a study in which the remediation of soil that undergoes an accidental discharge of oxyfluorfen is carried out by using electrokinetic soil flushing (EKSF). Two different electrode configurations were tested, consisting of several electrodes surrounding an electrode of different polarity (so-called 1A6C, one anode surrounded by six cathodes, and 1C6A, one cathode surrounded by six cathodes). A pilot plant scale was used (with a soil volume of 175dm(3)) to perform the studies. During the tests, different parameters were measured daily (flowrates, pH, electrical conductivity and herbicide concentration in different sampling positions). Furthermore, at the end of the test, a complete post-mortem analysis was carried out to obtain a 3-D map of the pollution, pH and electrical conductivity in the soil. The results demonstrate that electrode arrangement is a key factor for effective pollutant removal. In fact, the 1A6C configuration improves the removal rate by 41.3% versus the 27.0% obtained by the 1C6A configuration after a period of 35days. Finally, a bench mark comparison of this study of soil remediation polluted with 2,4-D allows for significant conclusions about the scale-up and full-scale application of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Risco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Tecnologías Química y Medioambiental, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - H Rubí-Juárez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan S/N, C.P., 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - S Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - R López-Vizcaíno
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C Saez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Tecnologías Química y Medioambiental, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Tecnologías Química y Medioambiental, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C Barrera-Díaz
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan S/N, C.P., 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - V Navarro
- Geoenvironmental Group, Civil Engineering School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Tecnologías Química y Medioambiental, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Ranc B, Faure P, Croze V, Simonnot MO. Selection of oxidant doses for in situ chemical oxidation of soils contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 312:280-297. [PMID: 27043880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) is a promising alternative to thermal desorption for the remediation of soils contaminated with organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). For field application, one major issue is the selection of the optimal doses of the oxidizing solution, i.e. the oxidant and appropriate catalysts and/or additives. Despite an extensive scientific literature on ISCO, this choice is very difficult because many parameters differ from one study to another. The present review identifies the critical factors that must be taken into account to enable comparison of these various contributions. For example, spiked soils and aged, polluted soils cannot be compared; PAHs freshly spiked into a soil are fully available for degradation unlike a complex mixture of pollutants trapped in a soil for many years. Another notable example is the high diversity of oxidation conditions employed during batch experiments, although these affect the representativeness of the system. Finally, in this review a methodology is also proposed based on a combination of the stoichiometric oxidant demand of the organic pollutants and the design of experiments (DOE) in order to allow a better comparison of the various studies so far reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ranc
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, UMR 7360, Site Aiguillette, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France; CNRS, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, UMR 7360, Site Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France; ICF Environnement, 14 à 30 rue Alexandre, 92635 Gennevilliers, France; Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy cedex, France; CNRS, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy cedex, France
| | - P Faure
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, UMR 7360, Site Aiguillette, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France; CNRS, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, UMR 7360, Site Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France
| | - V Croze
- ICF Environnement, 14 à 30 rue Alexandre, 92635 Gennevilliers, France
| | - M O Simonnot
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy cedex, France; CNRS, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy cedex, France.
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40
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Masi M, Iannelli R, Losito G. Ligand-enhanced electrokinetic remediation of metal-contaminated marine sediments with high acid buffering capacity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:10566-10576. [PMID: 26490900 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5563-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The suitability of electrokinetic remediation for removing heavy metals from dredged marine sediments with high acid buffering capacity was investigated. Laboratory-scale electrokinetic remediation experiments were carried out by applying two different voltage gradients to the sediment (0.5 and 0.8 V/cm) while circulating water or two different chelating agents at the electrode compartments. Tap water, 0.1 M citric acid and 0.1 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solutions were used respectively. The investigated metals were Zn, Pb, V, Ni and Cu. In the unenhanced experiment, the acid front could not propagate due to the high acid buffering capacity of the sediments; the production of OH(-) ions at the cathode resulted in a high-pH environment causing the precipitation of CaCO3 and metal hydroxides. The use of citric acid prevented the formation of precipitates, but solubilisation and mobilisation of metal species were not sufficiently achieved. Metal removal was relevant when EDTA was used as the conditioning agent, and the electric potential was raised up to 0.8 V/cm. EDTA led to the formation of negatively charged complexes with metals which migrated towards the anode compartment by electromigration. This result shows that metal removal from sediments with high acid buffering capacity may be achieved by enhancing the electrokinetic process by EDTA addition when the acidification of the medium is not economically and/or environmentally sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Masi
- Department of Energy, Systems, Territory, and Construction Engineering, University of Pisa, Via C.F. Gabba, 22, 56122, Pisa (PI), Italy
| | - Renato Iannelli
- Department of Energy, Systems, Territory, and Construction Engineering, University of Pisa, Via C.F. Gabba, 22, 56122, Pisa (PI), Italy.
| | - Gabriella Losito
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Firenze, Via di Santa Marta, 3, 50139, Firenze (FI), Italy
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Li D, Sun D, Hu S, Hu J, Yuan X. Conceptual design and experiments of electrochemistry-flushing technology for the remediation of historically Cr(Ⅵ)-contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:1823-1830. [PMID: 26539706 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A conceptual design and experiments, electrochemistry-flushing (E-flushing), using electrochemistry to enhance flushing efficiency for the remediation of Cr(Ⅵ)-contaminated soil is presented. The rector contained three compartments vertically superposed. The upper was airtight cathode compartment containing an iron-cathode. The middle was soil layer. The bottom was anode compartment containing an iron-anode and connected to a container by circulation pumps. H2 and OH(-) ions were produced at cathode. H2 increased the gas pressure in cathode compartment and drove flushing solution into soil layer forming flushing process. OH(-) ions entered into soil layer by eletromigration and hydraulic flow to enhance the desorption of Cr(Ⅵ). High potential gradient was applied to accelerate the electromigration of desorbed Cr(Ⅵ) ions and produced joule heat to increase soil temperature to enhance Cr(Ⅵ) desorption. In anode compartment, Fe(2+) ions produced at iron-anode reduced the desorbed Cr(Ⅵ) into Cr(3+) ions, which reacted with OH(-) ions forming Cr(OH)3. Experimental results show that Cr(Ⅵ) removal efficiency of E-flushing experiments was more than double of flushing experiments and reached the maximum of removal efficiency determined by desorption kinetics. All electrochemistry processes were positively used in E-flushing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Key Laboratory of Southwest Resources Exploitation and Environmental Hazards Controlling Engineering of Education Ministry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China; School of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
| | - Delin Sun
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Siyang Hu
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Jing Hu
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Xingzhong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Key Laboratory of Southwest Resources Exploitation and Environmental Hazards Controlling Engineering of Education Ministry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China; School of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
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Ren X, Yan R, Wang HC, Kou YY, Chae KJ, Kim IS, Park YJ, Wang AJ. Citric acid and ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid as effective washing agents to treat sewage sludge for agricultural reuse. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 46:440-448. [PMID: 26235448 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the effects of different concentrations of citric acid (CA) and ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) when used as additive reagents for the treatment of sewage sludge for agricultural use. Herein, both the retention of nutrients and removal of metals from the sewage sludge are examined. The average removal rate for the metals after treatment by CA decreased in the order Cu>Pb>Cd>Cr>Zn, while the rates after treatment by EDTA decreased in the order of Pb>Cu>Cr>Cd>Zn. After treatment with CA and EDTA, total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations in the sludge decreased, while the content of available nitrogen and Olsen-P increased. In addition, a multi-criteria analysis model-fuzzy analytic network process method (with 3 main factors and 12 assessment sub-factors) was adopted to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatment methods. The results showed that the optimal CA and EDTA concentrations for sewage sludge treatment were 0.60 and 0.125 mol/L, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Storm Water System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Rui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Storm Water System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Hong-Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ying-Ying Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Storm Water System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Kyu-Jung Chae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 606-791, South Korea
| | - In S Kim
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Park
- Korea-Europe Environment Energy Expert Forum, 3825 Seodongdae-ro, Pyeongtaek-shi, Gyeonggi-do 450-701, South Korea
| | - Ai-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100085, China.
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Lu N, Wang C, Lou C, Li J, Shang K, Wu Y. Combination of pulsed corona discharge plasma and gamma-Al 2 O 3 -supported catalysts for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon removal in soil. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Duong Pham
- Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Mikkeli, Finland
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Iannelli R, Masi M, Ceccarini A, Ostuni M, Lageman R, Muntoni A, Spiga D, Polettini A, Marini A, Pomi R. Electrokinetic remediation of metal-polluted marine sediments: experimental investigation for plant design. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yan F, Reible D. Electro-bioremediation of contaminated sediment by electrode enhanced capping. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 155:154-61. [PMID: 25819321 PMCID: PMC4500155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In-situ capping often eliminates or slows natural degradation of hydrocarbon due to the reducing conditions in the sediments. The purpose of this research was to demonstrate a reactive capping technique, an electrode enhanced cap, to produce favorable conditions for hydrocarbon degradation and evaluate this reactive capping technique for contaminated sediment remediation. Two graphite electrodes were placed horizontally at different layers in a cap and connected to external power of 2 V. Redox potentials increased and pH decreased around the anode. Phenanthrene concentration decreased and PAH degradation genes increased in the vicinity of the anode. Phenanthrene concentrations at 0-1 cm sediment beneath the anode decreased to ∼50% of initial concentration over ∼70 days, while phenanthrene levels in control reactor kept unchanged. A degradation model of electrode enhanced capping was developed to simulate reaction-diffusion processes, and model results show that a reaction-dominated region was created in the vicinity of the anode. Although the degradation dominated region was thin, transport processes in a sediment cap environment are typically sufficiently slow to allow this layer to serve as a permeable reactive barrier for hydrocarbon decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005-1892, USA.
| | - Danny Reible
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1023, USA
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Ammami MT, Portet-Koltalo F, Benamar A, Duclairoir-Poc C, Wang H, Le Derf F. Application of biosurfactants and periodic voltage gradient for enhanced electrokinetic remediation of metals and PAHs in dredged marine sediments. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 125:1-8. [PMID: 25644703 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Dredged harbor sediment co-contaminated by heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was subjected to enhanced electrokinetic treatments, using a mixture of a chelating agent (citric acid CA) and a surfactant as additives in the processing fluids. We tested various operating conditions (at 1 V cm(-1)): different CA concentrations, applying a periodic voltage gradient, pre-conditioning the sediment with the additives, and replacing the synthetic surfactant Tween 20 (TW20) by biosurfactants. Increasing the CA concentration was favorable for both metal and PAH removal. Applying a periodic voltage gradient associated to a low concentration of CA and TW20 provided the best results for Zn, Cd and Pb removal and also for removal of the 16 priority PAHs. Promising results were obtained with solutions containing rhamnolipids (0.028%) and a viscosin-like biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens Pfa7B (0.025%), associated to a periodic voltage gradient. Although the rhamnolipid and the viscosin-like compounds involved a higher electrical current than TW20, metals were less removed from the sediment. The electroosmotic flow was lower when we used biosurfactants, hence a less effective effect on PAH removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Ammami
- Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes, UMR CNRS 6294, Université du Havre, 53 rue de Prony, 76600 le Havre, France.
| | - F Portet-Koltalo
- Laboratoire COBRA UMR CNRS 6014, Université de Rouen, 55 rue Saint Germain, 27000 Evreux, France.
| | - A Benamar
- Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes, UMR CNRS 6294, Université du Havre, 53 rue de Prony, 76600 le Havre, France.
| | - C Duclairoir-Poc
- Laboratoire de microbiologie - signaux et micro-environnement, EA 4312, Université de Rouen, 55 rue Saint Germain, 27000 Evreux, France.
| | - H Wang
- Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes, UMR CNRS 6294, Université du Havre, 53 rue de Prony, 76600 le Havre, France.
| | - F Le Derf
- Laboratoire COBRA UMR CNRS 6014, Université de Rouen, 55 rue Saint Germain, 27000 Evreux, France.
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