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de Araujo GS, Ferreira ALG, da Maia Soares AMV, Abessa DMDS, Loureiro S. Multi-generation effects of lead (Pb) on two Daphnia species. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 33:801-817. [PMID: 39003411 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-024-02779-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Two monophyletic Daphnia species (Daphnia magna and D. similis) were exposed to a sub-lethal concentration of Pb (50 µg/L) for nine generations under two food regimes (usual and restricted) and analyzed for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, first reproduction delay, lifespan, and net reproductive rate (R0) at the subcellular, individual, and population levels, respectively. In the sixth generation, Pb-acclimated neonates were moved to clean media for three more generations to check for recovery. The net reproductive rate (R0) of D. magna was not affected by Pb. However, Pb stimulated reproduction, reduced lifespan, and decreased AChE activity. First reproduction delay and lifespan did not improve during the recovery process, suggesting a possible genetic adaptation. Food restriction reduced R0, lifespan, delayed hatching, and increased AChE activity; the opposite outcomes were observed for D. similis. The full recovery shown by R0 suggests the physiological acclimation of D. similis. Under food restriction, the animals exhibited a reduction of R0 and lifespan, delayed first reproduction, and increased AChE activity; however, there was no effect of Pb. The recovery process under food restriction showed that D. similis might not cope with Pb exposure, indicating a failed recovery. Such outcomes indicate that one model species' sensitivity may not represent another's sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Seraphim de Araujo
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Abel Luís Gonçalves Ferreira
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | - Susana Loureiro
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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2
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Chen Y, Zhang C, Li W, Lan R, Chen R, Hu J, Yang C, Wang P, Tang B, Wang S. Residues of chlorpyrifos in the environment induce resistance in Aedes albopictus by affecting its olfactory system and neurotoxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172425. [PMID: 38643874 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Aedes albopictus, a virus-vector pest, is primarily controlled through the use of insecticides. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of resistance in Ae. albopictus in terms of chlorpyrifos neurotoxicity to Ae. albopictus and its effects on the olfactory system. We assessed Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP levels, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), Monoamine oxidase (MAO), odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), and olfactory receptor (OR7) gene expression in Ae. albopictus using various assays including Y-shaped tube experiments and DanioVision analysis to evaluate macromotor behavior. Our findings revealed that cumulative exposure to chlorpyrifos reduced the activity of neurotoxic Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase and ChAT enzymes in Ae. albopictus to varying degrees, suppressed MAO-B enzyme expression, altered OBPs and OR7 expression patterns, as well as affected evasive response, physical mobility, and cumulative locomotor time under chlorpyrifos stress conditions for Ae. albopictus individuals. Consequently, these changes led to decreased feeding ability, reproductive capacity, and avoidance behavior towards natural enemies in Ae. albopictus populations exposed to chlorpyrifos stressors over time. To adapt to unfavorable living environments, Ae. albopictus may develop certain tolerance mechanisms against organophosphorus pesticides. This study provides valuable insights for guiding rational insecticide usage or dosage adjustments targeting the nervous system of Ae. albopictus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Chen
- College of life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Li
- College of life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoyun Lan
- College of life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China
| | - Rufei Chen
- College of life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingchao Hu
- College of life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyu Yang
- College of life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Tang
- College of life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China
| | - Shigui Wang
- College of life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Ishimota M, Kodama M, Tomiyama N, Ohyama K. Chemical tolerance related to the ABC transporter gene and DNA methylation in cladocera (Daphnia magna). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:1978-1988. [PMID: 38073494 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
We performed multigenerational tests to clarify the chemical tolerance mechanisms of a nontarget aquatic organism, Daphnia magna. We continuously exposed D. magna to a carbamate insecticide (pirimicarb) at lethal or sublethal concentrations (0, 3.8, 7.5, and 15 μg/L) for 15 generations (F0-F14). We then determined the 48 h-EC50 values and mRNA expression levels of acetylcholinesterase, glutathione S-transferase, and ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)-binding cassette transporter (ABCt) in neonates (<24 h old) from F0, F4, F9, and F14. To ascertain the effects of DNA methylation on pirimicarb sensitivity, we measured 5-methylcytosine levels (DNA methylation levels) in neonates of parents in the last generation (F14). In addition, we cultured groups exposed to 0 and 7.5 μg/L (the latter of which acquired chemical tolerance to pirimicarb) with or without 5-azacytidine (de-methylating agent) and determined methylation levels and 48 h-EC50 values in neonates (<24 h old) from the treated parents. The EC50 values (30.3-31.6 μg/L) in F14 of the 7.5 and 15 μg/L groups were approximately two times higher than that in the control (16.0 μg/L). A linear mixed model analysis showed that EC50 and ABCt mRNA levels were significantly increased with generational alterations; further analysis showed that the ABCt mRNA level was positively related to the EC50 . Therefore, ABCt may be associated with altered pirimicarb sensitivity. In addition, the EC50 value and DNA methylation levels in pirimicarb-tolerant clones decreased after exposure to 5-azacytidine, suggesting that DNA methylation contributes to chemical tolerance. These findings improved our knowledge regarding the acquisition of chemical tolerance in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ishimota
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Laboratory of Residue Analysis II, Chemistry Division, Joso-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mebuki Kodama
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Laboratory of Residue Analysis II, Chemistry Division, Joso-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naruto Tomiyama
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Laboratory of Residue Analysis II, Chemistry Division, Joso-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Ohyama
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Laboratory of Residue Analysis II, Chemistry Division, Joso-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
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Leite FG, Sampaio CF, Cardoso Pires JA, de Oliveira DP, Dorta DJ. Toxicological impact of strobilurin fungicides on human and environmental health: a literature review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2024; 59:142-151. [PMID: 38343082 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2312786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Fungicides are specifically used for controlling fungal infections. Strobilurins, a class of fungicides originating from the mushroom Strobilurus tenacellus, act on the fungal mitochondrial respiratory chain, interrupting the ATP cycle and causing oxidative stress. Although strobilurins are little soluble in water, they have been detected in water samples (such as rainwater and drinking water), indoor dust, and sediments, and they can bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms. Strobilurins are usually absorbed orally and are mainly eliminated via the bile/fecal route and urine, but information about their metabolites is lacking. Strobilurins have low mammalian toxicity; however, they exert severe toxic effects on aquatic organisms. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are the main mechanisms related to the genotoxic damage elicited by toxic compounds, such as strobilurins. These mechanisms alter genes and cause other dysfunctions, including hormonal, cardiac, neurological, and immunological impairment. Despite limitations, we have been able to compile literature information about strobilurins. Many studies have dealt with their toxic effects, but further investigations are needed to clarify their cellular and underlying mechanisms, which will help to find ways to minimize the harmful effects of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Gomes Leite
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Ferreira Sampaio
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Danielle Palma de Oliveira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT‑DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Daniel Junqueira Dorta
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT‑DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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Do SD, Haque MN, Kim J, Im DH, Rhee JS. Acute and chronic effects of triclosan on the behavior, physiology, and multigenerational characteristics of the water flea Moina macrocopa. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 276:109810. [PMID: 38061617 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Triclosan, a chlorinated biphenyl ether is widely used in industrial products and cosmetics due to its antibiotic activity. Although relatively levels of triclosan have been detected in aquatic ecosystems, limited information is available regarding the acute and chronic impacts of triclosan on aquatic invertebrates, especially planktonic crustaceans. In this study, we analyzed the acute (24 h) and chronic (14 days exposure across three generations) effects of different concentrations of triclosan [1/10 of the no observed effect concentration (NOEC), the NOEC, and 1/10 of the LC50] calculated from the 24 h acute toxicity value, on the water flea Moina macrocopa. In the acute exposure experiment, the 1/10 LC50 value of triclosan significantly reduced survival, feeding rate, thoracic limb activity, heart activity, and acetylcholinesterase activity. In response to the 1/10 LC50 value, intracellular reactive oxygen species increased along with elevated levels of malondialdehyde and glutathione. Enzymatic activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were significantly increased by the 1/10 LC50 value, suggesting active protection of the antioxidant defense system against oxidative stress. Chronic exposure to the 1/10 NOEC and NOEC values revealed multigenerational adverse impacts of triclosan. The second generation was found to be the most sensitive to triclosan, as the NOEC value significantly reduced the survival rate, body length, and the number of neonates per brood, along with a delayed hatching period. Taken together, these results indicate that even sublethal levels of triclosan can have detrimental effects on the water flea population's maintenance through intergenerational toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Duk Do
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - Md Niamul Haque
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea; Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - Jaehee Kim
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Im
- Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Rhee
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea; Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea; Yellow Sea Research Institute, Incheon 22012, South Korea.
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6
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Diogo BS, Antunes SC, Rodrigues S. Are biopesticides safe for the environment? Effects of pyrethrum extract on the non-target species Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 99:104114. [PMID: 37001686 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Biopesticides are natural compounds considered more safe and sustainable for the environment. However, it is also important to evaluate the potential risk in non-target organisms. Pyrethrum extract (PE) is a biopesticide, widely used for agriculture, veterinary, and aquaculture. This work aimed to evaluate acute (0.6 - 40.0 µg/L; 96 h; E(L)C50 toxicity) and sub-chronic (0.7 - 1.1 µg/L; 10 d; life-history parameters) effects of PE on Daphnia magna. Moreover, a biomarkers approach using antioxidant and biotransformation capacity, lipid peroxidation (LPO), neurotoxicity, and energy reserves content were evaluated. Acute effects (mortality, changes in swimming behavior, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, neurotoxicity) were recorded with the increase in PE concentration. Sub-chronic assay showed an increase in energy reserves content, antioxidant parameters, and LPO demonstrating that PE unbalances oxidative metabolism. This study can conclude that PE potentiates toxic effects in D. magna and demonstrates the vulnerability of a non-target organism to PE that is considered environmentally safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Diogo
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - S C Antunes
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - S Rodrigues
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.
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7
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Varg JE, Outomuro D, Kunce W, Kuehrer L, Svanbäck R, Johansson F. Microplastic exposure across trophic levels: effects on the host-microbiota of freshwater organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2022; 17:36. [PMID: 35794681 PMCID: PMC9258161 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-022-00429-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microplastics are a pervasive pollutant widespread in the sea and freshwater from anthropogenic sources, and together with the presence of pesticides, they can have physical and chemical effects on aquatic organisms and on their microbiota. Few studies have explored the combined effects of microplastics and pesticides on the host-microbiome, and more importantly, the effects across multiple trophic levels. In this work, we studied the effects of exposure to microplastics and the pesticide deltamethrin on the diversity and abundance of the host-microbiome across a three-level food chain: daphnids-damselfly-dragonflies. Daphnids were the only organism exposed to 1 µm microplastic beads, and they were fed to damselfly larvae. Those damselfly larvae were exposed to deltamethrin and then fed to the dragonfly larvae. The microbiotas of the daphnids, damselflies, and dragonflies were analyzed. RESULTS Exposure to microplastics and deltamethrin had a direct effect on the microbiome of the species exposed to these pollutants. An indirect effect was also found since exposure to the pollutants at lower trophic levels showed carry over effects on the diversity and abundance of the microbiome on higher trophic levels, even though the organisms at these levels where not directly exposed to the pollutants. Moreover, the exposure to deltamethrin on the damselflies negatively affected their survival rate in the presence of the dragonfly predator, but no such effects were found on damselflies fed with daphnids that had been exposed to microplastics. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the importance of evaluating ecotoxicological effects at the community level. Importantly, the indirect exposure to microplastics and pesticides through diet can potentially have bottom-up effects on the trophic webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Edo Varg
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Section of Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Section for Ecology and Biodiversity, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Undervisningsplan 7H, 756 51, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - David Outomuro
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Section of Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Warren Kunce
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Section of Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lukas Kuehrer
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Section of Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Richard Svanbäck
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Section of Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frank Johansson
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Section of Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
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Yoon DS, Byeon E, Kim DH, Lee Y, Choi H, Park HG, Sayed AEDH, Shin KH, Lee MC, Lee JS. Genome-wide identification of fatty acid synthesis genes, fatty acid profiles, and life parameters in two freshwater water flea Daphnia magna strains. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 262:110774. [PMID: 35760305 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The freshwater water flea Daphnia magna is a planktonic animal belonging to the Cladocera. To evaluate differences between two D. magna strains (KIT and NIES) in terms of life parameters and fatty acid profiles, we examined several endpoints. In the D. magna KIT strain, the numbers of total and cumulative offspring were lower at 23 °C and higher at 14 °C than in the D. magna NIES strain. However, at 14 °C, the D. magna KIT strain showed an increased lifespan. Although the n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio was always decreased at a low temperature, the PUFA ratio in the KIT strain had a higher value on day 3 than the NIES strain, which gave it higher adaptability to low temperature. In addition, we identified the elongation of very long chain fatty acids (elovl) and fatty acid desaturase (fad) genes, which are involved in fatty acid biosynthesis pathways, in the genomes of both D. magna KIT and NIES. The Elovl and Fad genes in both D. magna strains were highly conserved, including tandem duplicated Elovl 1/7 genes. This study provides new information about the molecular basis for the difference in temperature sensitivity between two strains of D. magna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok-Seo Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Eunjin Byeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Duck-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Yoseop Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Hyuntae Choi
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Heum Gi Park
- Department of Marine Ecology and Environment, College of Life Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea
| | - Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Min-Chul Lee
- Department of Food & Nutrition, College of Bio-Nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, South Korea.
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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Tao Y, Li Z, Yang Y, Jiao Y, Qu J, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Effects of common environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals on zebrafish behavior. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 208:117826. [PMID: 34785404 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), a type of exogenous organic pollutants, are ubiquitous in natural aquatic environments. Therefor, this review focused on the use of the zebrafish as a model to explore the effect of different EDCs on behavior, as well as the molecular mechanisms that drive these effects. Furthermore, our study summarizes the current knowledge on the neuromodulatory effects of different EDCs in zebrafish. This study also reviews the current state of zebrafish behavior research, in addition to the potential mechanisms of single and mixed pollutant-driven behavioral dysregulation at the molecular level, as well as the applications of zebrafish behavior experiments for neuroscience research. This review broadens our understanding of the influence of EDCs on zebrafish behavior and provides guidance for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tao
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zixu Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yaqi Jiao
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jianhua Qu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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10
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Borase HP, Muley AB, Patil SV, Singhal RS. Enzymatic response of Moina macrocopa to different sized zinc oxide particles: An aquatic metal toxicology study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110609. [PMID: 33340502 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide particles (ZnOPs) of both nanometer and sub-micron sizes are important components of high demand consumer products such as sunscreen, paint, textile, food packaging, and agriculture. Their ultimate discharge in the aquatic ecosystem is nearly unavoidable. For sustainable use of ZnOPs, there is an urgent need to assess its ecotoxicity using ecological indicator organisms. Moina macrocopa, an important component of the aquatic ecosystem is one such less explored indicator organism. In the present investigation, ZnOPs of two different sizes (250 ± 20 and 500 ± 50 nm) were selected for risk assessment as most of the previous reports were based on the use of 10-100 nm ZnOPs. ZnOPs of 500 nm were more lethal than that of 250 nm size, with respective LC50 of 0.0092 ± 0.0012 and 0.0337 ± 0.0133 mg/L against M. macrocopa after 48 h of exposure. We further used a sublethal concentration of 500 nm (0.00336 mg/L) and 250 nm (0.00092 mg/L) ZnOPs followed by measurement of enzymatic biomarkers of toxicity (acetylcholinesterase, digestive enzymes, antioxidant enzymes). A size-dependent variation in enzymatic response to 250 and 500 nm ZnOPs was seen. Exposure to ZnOPs inhibited acetylcholinesterase and digestive enzymes (trypsin, amylase), and elevated antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione S-transferase) levels. The exposure also decreased the superoxide dismutase activity and increased that of β-galactosidase. Microscopic investigation revealed the accumulation of ZnOPs in the digestive tract of M. macrocopa that possibly disrupts enzyme activities. The present study will contribute to establishing regulatory policy on the maximum permissible limit of ZnOPs in different water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant P Borase
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India; C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, 394350, Gujarat, India.
| | - Abhijeet B Muley
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish V Patil
- School of Life Sciences, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, 425001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rekha S Singhal
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India
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Hong Y, Huang Y, Yan G, Yin H, Huang Z. DNA damage, immunotoxicity, and neurotoxicity induced by deltamethrin on the freshwater crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:16-23. [PMID: 32757256 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid pesticides are applied to both agricultural and aquacultural industries for pest control. However, information of their impact on the commercial important freshwater crayfish, Procambarus clarkii is scarce. Therefore, the present study aimed to characterize to effects of a commonly used pyrethroid pesticide, deltamethrin on DNA damage, immune response, and neurotoxicity in P. clarkii. Animals were exposed to 7, 14, and 28 ng/L of deltamethrin, which correspond to 1/8, 1/4, and 1/2 of the LC50 (96 hours) of this pyrethroid to P. clarkii. Significant increase of olive tail moment (OTM) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was found after deltamethrin exposure in a dose-dependent way. Total hemocyte counts (THC) and activities of immune-related enzymes including acid phosphatase (ACP), lysozyme (LZM), and phenoloxidase (PO) were all decreased and significantly lower than control at concentration of 28 ng/L after 96 hours exposure. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, an indicator of neurotoxic effect was investigated and it was decreased significantly in muscles at 14 and 28 ng/L after 24 hours exposure. The level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hemocytes was also measured and the significant increase of ROS was found at 14 and 28 ng/L concentrations. The results revealed that deltamethrin induced DNA damage, immunotoxicity, and neurotoxicity in P. clarkii by excessive generation of ROS. Because of the dose-dependent responses of all parameters under exposure of deltamethrin at environmentally realistic concentrations, these parameters could be used as sensitive biomarkers for risk assessment of deltamethrin in aquaculture area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangwen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongmei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqiu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang, Sichuan, China
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12
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Ballesteros ML, Boyle RL, Kellar CR, Miglioranza KSB, Bistoni MA, Pettigrove V, Long SM. What types of enzyme activities are useful biomarkers of bifenthrin exposure on Chironomus sp. (Diptera, Chironomidae) larvae under laboratory and field-based microcosm conditions? AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 228:105618. [PMID: 32937231 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bifenthrin is a second generation synthetic pyrethroid insecticide that is widely used in Australia and worldwide. It is frequently found in urban freshwater sediments at concentrations likely to impact biota as it is highly toxic to fish and macroinvertebrates, such as chironomids. Our main goal was to evaluate if oxidative stress and hydrolase enzymes are useful biomarkers of effect of synthetic pyrethroids exposure under different scenarios. Chironomus tepperi larvae (5 days old) were exposed to sub-lethal sediment concentrations of bifenthrin for 5 days under controlled laboratory conditions. A field-based microcosm exposure with bifenthrin-spiked sediments (using the same concentrations as the laboratory exposure) was carried out at a clean field site for four weeks to allow for colonization and development of resident chironomid larvae. At the end of both experiments, Chironomus larvae (C. tepperi in the laboratory exposures and C. oppositus in the microcosm exposures) were collected and oxidative stress enzymes (Glutathione-s-Transferase, Glutathione Reductase and Glutathione Peroxidase) and hydrolase enzymes (Acetylcholinesterase and Carboxylesterase) were measured. Only the Glutathione Peroxidase activity was significantly impacted in larvae from the laboratory exposure. On the contrary, significant changes were observed in all the measured enzymes from the field-based microcosm exposure. This is likely because exposure was throughout the whole life cycle, from egg mass to fourth instar, showing a more realistic exposure scenario. Furthermore, this is the first time that changes in oxidative stress and hydrolase enzymes have been shown to occur in Australian non-biting midges exposed under field-based microcosm conditions. Thus, this study demonstrated the usefulness of these enzymes as biomarkers of effect following bifenthrin exposure in microcosms. It also highlights the importance of using a range of different biochemical endpoints to get a more holistic understanding of pesticide effects and the pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Ballesteros
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Cátedra de Diversidad Animal II, Córdoba, Argentina; CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Argentina; Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 Vic, Australia
| | - Rhianna L Boyle
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 Vic, Australia
| | - Claudette R Kellar
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 Vic, Australia; Aquatic Environmental Stress Research Group (AQUEST), School of Science, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, 3083 Vic, Australia
| | - Karina S B Miglioranza
- Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Mar del Plata, Argentina; CONICET, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Argentina
| | - Maria A Bistoni
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Cátedra de Diversidad Animal II, Córdoba, Argentina; CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Argentina
| | - Vincent Pettigrove
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 Vic, Australia; Aquatic Environmental Stress Research Group (AQUEST), School of Science, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, 3083 Vic, Australia
| | - Sara M Long
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 Vic, Australia; Aquatic Environmental Stress Research Group (AQUEST), School of Science, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, 3083 Vic, Australia.
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Felten V, Toumi H, Masfaraud JF, Billoir E, Camara BI, Férard JF. Microplastics enhance Daphnia magna sensitivity to the pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin: Effects on life history traits. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136567. [PMID: 31981867 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of microplastics (MPs) on the ecotoxicity of common contaminants of aquatic ecosystems. As a model contaminant, the hydrophobic pesticide deltamethrin (DM) was chosen, and its effects on life history traits of Daphnia magna were studied in the presence or absence of polyethylene MPs. Commercialized DM and MPs obtained as dry powder were used in the experiment. According the manufacturer (Cospheric, Santa Barbara, CA, USA) MPs were spherical (1-4 μm in diameter), had a density of 0.96 g/cm-3 and were without any solvent. Three concentrations of polyethylene MPs were tested (0, 1, 10 mg/L) with two realistic concentrations of DM (0 and 40 ng/L) and a solvent control (acetone). During the 21 d experiment, D. magna neonates were individually exposed to the treatments, and the effects of MPs and DM alone and together were evaluated by assessing survival, number of cumulative molts, days to first brood, number of broods, number of neonates per surviving adult, and body length. Significant detrimental effects on survival were only observed for the two mixture treatments. DM alone (40 ng/L) delayed the days to first brood and reduced the number of neonates per surviving adult, whereas MPs alone (10 mg/L) induced significant reduction in the number of juveniles by surviving adults. The combined exposure to DM and MPs clearly had a synergistic effect on survival, brood number, and number of neonates per surviving female. For example, compared to exposure to 40 ng/L of DM alone, the addition of 1 mg/L of MPs resulted in a 51.1% reduction in number of neonates per surviving female and a 46% reduction in brood number. These results suggest the potential drastic effects of this kind of mixed exposure on daphnid populations, which are key components of freshwater food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Felten
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France.
| | - Héla Toumi
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France; Laboratoire de Bio-surveillance de l'Environnement (LBE), Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | | | - Elise Billoir
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France
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14
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Barka S, Gdara I, Ouanes-Ben Othmen Z, Mouelhi S, El Bour M, Hamza-Chaffai A. Seasonal ecotoxicological monitoring of freshwater zooplankton in Bir Mcherga dam (Tunisia). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:5670-5680. [PMID: 30693446 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04271-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dams represent large semi-closed reservoirs of pesticides and various organic and inorganic pollutants from agricultural and human activities, and their monitoring should receive special attention. This study evaluated the environmental health status of Bir Mcherga dam using zooplankton species. The dam has a capacity of 130 Mm3 and its waters are used for irrigation, water drinking supply, and fishery. Copepods and cladocerans (crustaceans) were collected in situ monthly between October and August 2012. Oxidative stress (CAT, MDA), neurotoxicity (AChE), and genotoxicity (micronucleus test) biomarkers were analyzed in two zooplankton species: Acanthocyclops robustus and Diaphanosoma mongolianum. High values of cells with a micronucleus were observed during summer. AChE activities were inhibited during early winter and summer. The high seasonal variability of CAT and MDA levels indicates that zooplankton is continuously exposed to different oxidative stresses. These results suggest that there is an obvious and continuous multi-faceted stress in Bir Mcherga reservoir and, consequently, an urgent monitoring of freshwater environments in Tunisia is needed, particularly those intended for human consumption and irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabria Barka
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
- Unité de Recherche de Toxicologie Environnementale et Marine, UR 09-03, IPEIS, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Imene Gdara
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Unité de Recherche de Toxicologie Environnementale et Marine, UR 09-03, IPEIS, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Zouhour Ouanes-Ben Othmen
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Unité de Recherche de Toxicologie Environnementale et Marine, UR 09-03, IPEIS, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Samia Mouelhi
- Unité de Recherche de Biologie Animale et Systématique Evolutive 2092, Campus Universitaire, Manar II, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Monia El Bour
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Biodiversité Aquatiques, National Institute of Sea Sciences and Technologies INSTM, Salammbô, Tunisia
| | - Amel Hamza-Chaffai
- Unité de Recherche de Toxicologie Environnementale et Marine, UR 09-03, IPEIS, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
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15
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Li C, Zhang N, Chen J, Ji J, Liu X, Wang J, Zhu J, Ma Y. Temperature and pH sensitive composite for rapid and effective removal of sulfonylurea herbicides in aqueous solution. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113150. [PMID: 31541823 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Excessive pesticide residues in the environment have caused more and more serious social problems. In this article, the polymer materials and graphene oxide were smoothly grafted together through surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization. A temperature and pH dual-sensitive adsorbent was successfully obtained, which was used for the removal of six sulfonylurea herbicides in the aquatic environment. Experiment results showed that the adsorbent could efficiently remove the tested pesticides in aqueous solution rapidly (only 1 min). The adsorption process was in consist with the pseudo-second-order kinetics equation and Freundlich model, and the thermodynamic parameters were also calculated. Furthermore, the mechanism for removal performance was judged as n-π, π-π, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction verdict. Exhilaratingly, the material showed no significant toxicity to Daphnia magna on risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- The Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Jixiao Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiawen Ji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Jianli Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianhui Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yongqiang Ma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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16
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Cheng L, Song W, Rao Q, Zhou J, Zhao Z. Bioaccumulation and toxicity of methoxychlor on Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 221:89-95. [PMID: 30954688 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chinese mitten crab, a featured macrobenthos, has been one of the most important economical aquatic species in China. This study assessed the accumulation of an organochlorine pesticide methoxychlor (MXC) in Chinese mitten crab during exposure to 1 mg/L of MXC. The results showed the residual concentration of MXC in the ovary and hepatopancreas reached 55.07 ± 2.64 ng/g and 34.51 ± 2.35 ng/g, respectively. After exposure, tubular vacuolization of epithelial tissues, condensed egg cells and obvious intervals between egg cell wall and stroma were observed in the hepatopancreas and ovary, respectively. Significant changes of three key metabolic enzymes in hepatopancreas were observed upon exposure to MXC. Compared to the control, acetylcholinesterase level was significantly higher at day 7 (0.15 ± 0.01 vs. 0.06 ± 0.00 U/mgprot); glutathione S-transferase level was elevated at both day 4 (12.01 ± 0.48 vs. 3.20 ± 0.44 U/mgprot) and day 7 (12.84 ± 1.01 vs. 8.22 ± 0.81 U/mgprot); superoxide dismutase was sharply increased at day 4 (21.20 ± 0.24 vs. 3.66 ± 0.60 U/mgprot) but decreased at day 7 (3.74 ± 0.12 vs. 9.44 ± 0.85 U/mgprot). Overall, dissolved MXC accumulated in lipid-rich tissues could cause damages on epithelial cells and egg cells and change metabolic activities of enzymes involved in antioxidative stress and detoxification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Weiguo Song
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Qinxiong Rao
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Junliang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201106, China.
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17
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Borase HP, Muley AB, Patil SV, Singhal RS. Nano-eco toxicity study of gold nanoparticles on aquatic organism Moina macrocopa: As new versatile ecotoxicity testing model. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 68:4-12. [PMID: 30849701 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the field of nanoecotoxicology, very few reports have focused on biochemical changes in non-target organisms after nanoexposure. A less explored aquatic non-target crustacean, Moina macrocopa, was used in the present study to analyze toxicity effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), an emerging nanomaterial. AuNPs was fabricated using tannic acid and were 29 ± 2 nm in size. The 48 h LC50 value of AuNPs was 14 ± 0.14 mg/L against M. macrocopa. The sub-lethal exposure of M. macrocopa juveniles to AuNPs (1.47 and 2.95 mg/L) decreased the activities of acetyl cholinesterase and digestive enzymes (trypsin and amylase). A concentration dependant increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase suggested the generation of oxidative stress in M. macrocopa after AuNPs exposure. Changes in enzyme activity can be utilized as biomarker(s) for early detection of nanoparticle contamination in aquatic habitat. AuNPs accumulation in gut of M. macrocopa increased the metal bio burden (11 mg/L) and exhibited inhibitory action on digestive enzymes. Complete depuration of AuNPs was not observed after transferring nano-exposed M. macrocopa to normal medium without AuNPs. AuNPs tended to adhere on external body parts such as setae, carapace of M. macrocopa which interfered with swimming activity and also changed the behavioral pattern. AuNPs underwent agglomeration in the medium used for maintenance of M. macrocopa. As nanomaterials are emerging pollutants in aquatic systems, the present work highlights the hazardous effect of AuNPs and development of enzymatic biomarkers to curtail it at community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant P Borase
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Abhijeet B Muley
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish V Patil
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, 425001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rekha S Singhal
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India
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18
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Yuxuan Z, Peiyong G, Yanmei W, Xiaoyan Z, Meixian W, Simin Y, Yinshi S, Jun D, Haitao S. Evaluation of the subtle effects and oxidative stress response of chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, and florfenicol in Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:575-584. [PMID: 30569581 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phenicol antibiotics, such as chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, and florfenicol, are commonly used in the veterinary and aquaculture fields to treat diseases and have frequently been detected in aquatic environments. Nevertheless, there is limited information regarding the effects of phenicol antibiotics on aquatic nontarget species. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the long-term (21-d) influence on the reproduction and growth of and the acute (24-h) oxidative response and tissue damage in the crustacean Daphnia magna after exposure to phenicol drugs, including their environmental concentrations. The results indicate that D. magna exposed to florfenicol are likely to cause more adverse effects than those exposed to chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol over long-term (21-d) exposures. Furthermore, changes in biochemical biomarkers such as malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) induced by individual and mixtures of phenicol antibiotics were also observed. Low concentrations of chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol + florfenicol, and chloramphenicol + thiamphenicol significantly increased the MDA levels of D. magna after 24-h exposures, causing cellular oxidative damage in the animals. In addition, discrepancies between CAT activities and GSH levels were observed, underscoring the need to evaluate multiple indicators of oxidative stress in toxicological studies using D. magna as a model. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:575-584. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Yuxuan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Institute of Environmental and Resources Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guo Peiyong
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Institute of Environmental and Resources Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wu Yanmei
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Institute of Environmental and Resources Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhang Xiaoyan
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, China
| | - Wang Meixian
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Institute of Environmental and Resources Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yang Simin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Institute of Environmental and Resources Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Sun Yinshi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Institute of Environmental and Resources Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Deng Jun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Institute of Environmental and Resources Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Su Haitao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Institute of Environmental and Resources Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
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Borase HP, Patil SV, Singhal RS. Moina macrocopa as a non-target aquatic organism for assessment of ecotoxicity of silver nanoparticles: Effect of size. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 219:713-723. [PMID: 30557728 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The release of nanomaterials in water reservoirs is hazardous. Very few reports are available on the interaction of different sized nanoparticles with aquatic organisms and aquatic environment. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) having an average particle size of 20.80 ± 2.31 and 40.04 ± 4.72 nm were synthesized using polyvinylpyrrolidone and l-tyrosine. Ecotoxicological effects of AgNPs were evaluated on less explored crustacean species, Moina macrocopa. The 48 h lethal values (48 h LC50) of 20 and 40 nm AgNPs were 0.11 ± 0.02 and 0.12 ± 0.03 mg/L, respectively. Further, a size dependent inhibition of AgNPs on acetyl cholinesterase and digestive enzymes (trypsin, amylase, β-galactosidase) was observed, while that of the antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase) and alkaline phosphatase were enhanced as compared to control group. These results strengthen the potential of enzymes as biomarker in environmental risk assessment of AgNPs. AgNPs accumulated in the gut of M. macrocopa which could not be completely eliminated, thereby resulting in an increased metal body burden. The accumulation of AgNPs of 20 nm was lower than that of 40 nm indicating the influence of size of nanoparticles on uptake and toxicity. AgNPs agglomerated in moderately hard water medium (MHWM) and this agglomeration influenced the exposure the organism thereto. The size of AgNPs influenced the toxicity to M. macrocopa through interplay between uptake, accumulation, aggregation, and excretion in the organism and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant P Borase
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Satish V Patil
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rekha S Singhal
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India
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20
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Venturini FP, de Moraes FD, Rossi PA, Avilez IM, Shiogiri NS, Moraes G. A multi-biomarker approach to lambda-cyhalothrin effects on the freshwater teleost matrinxa Brycon amazonicus: single-pulse exposure and recovery. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:341-353. [PMID: 30269262 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0566-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Effects of the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin (LCH) were investigated in matrinxa Brycon amazonicus, a non-target freshwater teleost. The fish were submitted to a single-pulse exposure (10% of LC50; 96 h, 0.65 μg L-1), followed by 7 days of recovery in clean water. Hematologic parameters indicated impairments in oxygen transport, which were not recovered. Plasma [Na+], [Cl-], and protein were diminished, and only [Na+] remained low after recovery. Gill Na+/K+ATPase activity was increased and recovered to basal values. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity was not responsive to LCH. Liver ascorbic acid concentration was not altered, and reduced glutathione levels remained augmented even after recovery. LCH inhibited hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, while glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activities were steady. After recovery, SOD remained low, and GPx was augmented. Liver depicted lipid peroxidation, which was not observed after recovery. Hepatic morphology was affected by LCH and was not completely recovered. These responses, combined with the persistence of changes even after recovery span, clearly show the feasibility of these biomarkers in evaluating LCH toxic potential to non-target organisms, highlighting the importance of pyrethroids' responsible use.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P Venturini
- Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador Sãocarlense, 400, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil.
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235, Sao Carlos, SP, CEP 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - F D de Moraes
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235, Sao Carlos, SP, CEP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - P A Rossi
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235, Sao Carlos, SP, CEP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - I M Avilez
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235, Sao Carlos, SP, CEP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - N S Shiogiri
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235, Sao Carlos, SP, CEP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - G Moraes
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235, Sao Carlos, SP, CEP 13565-905, Brazil
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Osorio-Treviño OC, Arzate-Cárdenas MA, Rico-Martínez R. Energy budget in Alona guttata (Chydoridae: Aloninae) and toxicant-induced alterations. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2019; 54:398-407. [PMID: 30688169 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2018.1558901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although chydorids are the most diverse cladocerans in the world, there is still little information available related to their biology and even less with respect to their susceptibility to toxicants. Therefore, this work aimed to implement protocols with Alona guttata for acute, chronic, and sublethal toxicity tests, using the environmental concern toxicants deltamethrin (DM) and lead (Pb2+), which are commonly used due to agriculture and vector control or for the automotive industry, respectively. Once the results of LC50 (0.1160 ± 0.0107 μg/L for DM and 1.5797 ± 0.1605 mg/L for Pb2+) were obtained, sublethal concentrations (0.01 to 0.2 LC50) were used for the evaluation of biomarkers and chronic toxicity. Concentrations as low as 0.01 LC50 reduced Alona's survival and fecundity, negatively affecting demographic parameters, and decreased the energy reserves. A significant correlation was found between the natural rate of population increase and the caloric content, which demonstrates the suitability of these biomarkers as endpoints of early warning that allow inferring alterations at higher biological levels. Subsequently, this work could constitute the first report on the evaluation of the energy budget in a non-daphnid species, its alterations due to exposure to toxic substances and the correlation with demographic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga C Osorio-Treviño
- a Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Centro de Ciencias Básicas , Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes , Aguascalientes , AGS , México
| | - Mario A Arzate-Cárdenas
- a Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Centro de Ciencias Básicas , Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes , Aguascalientes , AGS , México
- b Cátedras CONACYT. Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología , Benito Juárez , Ciudad de México , México
| | - Roberto Rico-Martínez
- a Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Centro de Ciencias Básicas , Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes , Aguascalientes , AGS , México
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Toumi H, Boumaiza M, Millet M, Radetski CM, Camara BI, Felten V, Masfaraud JF, Férard JF. Combined acute ecotoxicity of malathion and deltamethrin to Daphnia magna (Crustacea, Cladocera): comparison of different data analysis approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:17781-17788. [PMID: 29675817 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1909-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We studied the combined acute effect (i.e., after 48 h) of deltamethrin (a pyrethroid insecticide) and malathion (an organophosphate insecticide) on Daphnia magna. Two approaches were used to examine the potential interaction effects of eight mixtures of deltamethrin and malathion: (i) calculation of mixture toxicity index (MTI) and safety factor index (SFI) and (ii) response surface methodology coupled with isobole-based statistical model (using generalized linear model). According to the calculation of MTI and SFI, one tested mixture was found additive while the two other tested mixtures were found no additive (MTI) or antagonistic (SFI), but these differences between index responses are only due to differences in terminology related to these two indexes. Through the surface response approach and isobologram analysis, we concluded that there was a significant antagonistic effect of the binary mixtures of deltamethrin and malathion that occurs on D. magna immobilization, after 48 h of exposure. Index approaches and surface response approach with isobologram analysis are complementary. Calculation of mixture toxicity index and safety factor index allows identifying punctually the type of interaction for several tested mixtures, while the surface response approach with isobologram analysis integrates all the data providing a global outcome about the type of interactive effect. Only the surface response approach and isobologram analysis allowed the statistical assessment of the ecotoxicological interaction. Nevertheless, we recommend the use of both approaches (i) to identify the combined effects of contaminants and (ii) to improve risk assessment and environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héla Toumi
- Laboratoire de Bio-surveillance de l'Environnement (LBE), Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia.
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000, Metz, France.
| | - Moncef Boumaiza
- Laboratoire de Bio-surveillance de l'Environnement (LBE), Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Maurice Millet
- ICPEES (UMR 7515 CNRS - Université de Strasbourg), 1 rue Blessig, 67084, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Claudemir Marcos Radetski
- Laboratório de Remediação Ambiental, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, SC, 88302-202, Brazil
| | | | - Vincent Felten
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000, Metz, France
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Abdelhafidh K, Mhadhbi L, Mezni A, Badreddine S, Beyrem H, Mahmoudi E. Protective effect of Zizyphus lotus jujube fruits against cypermethrin-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in mice. Biomarkers 2017; 23:167-173. [PMID: 29017403 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2017.1390609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cypermethrin (CYP) is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide used worldwide in agriculture, home pest control. The toxicity of CYP is well studied in many organisms. OBJECTIVE The aim of present study was to investigate the protective effect of Zizyphus lotus (Zizyp) fruit against neurotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by CYP in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were divided into four groups of six each: groups I and II were used as control and CYP control (20 mg/kg body weight). While, groups III was orally treated with Zizyphus lotus fruit (5 g/kg body weight) plus CYP (20 mg/kg body weight) for 18 days. Furthermore, HPLC-ESI-MS-MS (Q-Tof) and GC-MS were used to identify the compounds fraction. RESULTS Antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT), neurotoxicity enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined in the liver, kidney and heart. CYP caused decreased CAT activity, inhibition of AChE activity and increased the levels of H2O2 and MDA in heart, liver and kidney. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that Zizyp fruit is markedly effective in protecting mice against CYP-induced biochemical changes. This protection may be due to its antioxidant property and scavenging ability against active free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khazri Abdelhafidh
- a Faculte des Sciences de Bizerte , Universite de Carthage , Bizerte , Tunisia
| | - Lazher Mhadhbi
- a Faculte des Sciences de Bizerte , Universite de Carthage , Bizerte , Tunisia
| | - Ali Mezni
- a Faculte des Sciences de Bizerte , Universite de Carthage , Bizerte , Tunisia
| | - Sellami Badreddine
- a Faculte des Sciences de Bizerte , Universite de Carthage , Bizerte , Tunisia
| | - Hamouda Beyrem
- a Faculte des Sciences de Bizerte , Universite de Carthage , Bizerte , Tunisia
| | - Ezzeddine Mahmoudi
- a Faculte des Sciences de Bizerte , Universite de Carthage , Bizerte , Tunisia
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24
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The Role of AChE in Swimming Behavior of Daphnia magna: Correlation Analysis of Both Parameters Affected by Deltamethrin and Methomyl Exposure. J Toxicol 2017; 2017:3265727. [PMID: 29201050 PMCID: PMC5671736 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3265727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The unpredictable toxicity of insecticides may cause behavior disorder of biological organisms. In order to assess the role of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in swimming behavior of Daphnia magna, a correlation analysis of both parameters in 24 h exposure of deltamethrin (DM) and methomyl (MT) was investigated. The behavior responses of D. magna in DM (13.36 μg/L and 33.40 μg/L) and MT (19.66 μg/L and 49.15 μg/L) suggested that recovery behavior in the adjustment phase was crucial, and behavior homeostasis provided them with an optimal way to achieve a wider tolerance against environmental stress. During the experiment, positive effects on AChE activity occurred in the beginning of the exposure. Even though the de novo synthesis of AChE in D. magna might help it recover, the AChE inhibition in different treatments could be observed. Some induction effects on AChE activity at the beginning of exposure occurred, and a 50% decrease may cause toxic effects on behavior. In most treatments, the results showed that both behavior strength and AChE activity stayed in the same field within a correlation circle. These results illustrated that the environmental stress caused by both DM and MT could inhibit AChE activity and subsequently induce a stepwise behavior response, though both pesticides affect it as direct and indirect inhibitors, respectively.
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Radovanović TB, Nasia M, Krizmanić II, Prokić MD, Gavrić JP, Despotović SG, Gavrilović BR, Borković-Mitić SS, Pavlović SZ, Saičić ZS. Sublethal effects of the pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin on oxidative stress parameters in green toad (Bufotes viridis L.). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:2814-2822. [PMID: 28475267 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are synthetic insecticides widely used in agriculture, public health, and veterinary medicine. Deltamethrin, a type II pyrethroid insecticide, has attracted particular attention because of its frequent use. The mechanisms of the toxicity of most pesticides (including pyrethroids) in nontarget organisms is linked to the production of free radicals, oxidative stress induction, increased lipid peroxidation, and disruption of the total antioxidant potential. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of acute toxicity of 3 different concentrations (8, 16, and 32 mg/kg body wt) of orally applied deltamethrin after 96 h of treatment. Some of the front-line oxidative stress parameters as well as cholinesterase (ChE) activity and cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) expression in the liver, muscle, skin, and gastrointestinal tissue of the adult green toad Bufotes viridis were determined. Compared with the control group, the activity of catalase and glutathione reductase was increased in the liver and skin, while the concentration of sulfhydryl groups was reduced. In the liver and muscle, concentrations of thiobarbituric reactive substances were increased, as well as liver CYP1A expression. In the muscle and skin, glutathione-S-transferase activity was higher in treated toads. The oxidative stress parameters examined were affected by different deltamethrin concentrations. We conclude that the assessed parameters represent good biomarkers of pesticide-induced oxidative stress. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2814-2822. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana B Radovanović
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mohammed Nasia
- Faculty of Biology, Chair of Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Imre I Krizmanić
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko D Prokić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena P Gavrić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana G Despotović
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka R Gavrilović
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavica S Borković-Mitić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slađan Z Pavlović
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica S Saičić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Myhre Jensen E, Sevatdal S, Bakke MJ, Kaur K, Horsberg TE. A selection study on a laboratory-designed population of salmon lic (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) using organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178068. [PMID: 28531206 PMCID: PMC5439706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance towards antiparasitic agents in the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) is a widespread problem along the Norwegian coast, reducing treatments efficacies and slowing down the envisioned expansion of Norwegian salmon production. The present study was conducted in order to assess the efficacies of two of the most widely used anti-parasitic substances–azamethiphos and deltamethrin–as well as assessing the benefit of having a resistant genotype compared to being fully sensitive when exposed to one of these substances. Atlantic salmon were exposed to a mix of salmon lice copepodids from a fully sensitive, a double resistant and a multi-resistant strain. Once the lice reached pre-adult stages, one group was exposed to 100 μg/L azamethiphos for 60 minutes, the other to 2 μg/L deltamethrin for 30 minutes, and the last was kept in a seawater control. Detached lice were collected at a series of time points following exposure, and all lice (immobilized and surviving) were analysed for both pyrethroid (sensitive “S” and resistant “R”) and azamethiphos (fully sensitive “SS”, heterozygous resistant “RS” and fully resistant “RR”) resistance markers. We found that the efficacies of deltamethrin on parasites with genotype S and R were 70.3 and 13.2%, respectively. The overall efficacy of the deltamethrin treatment was 32.3%. The efficacies of azamethiphos on parasites with genotype SS, RS and RR were 100, 80 and 19.1%, respectively. The overall efficacy of the azamethiphos treatment was 80.4%. Survival analyses revealed that the median survival time in deltamethrin-sensitive and–resistant parasites were 16.8 and >172 hours, respectively. The differences were even more pronounced in the azamethiphos-treated group, where SS, RS and RR parasites survived for 0.26, 6.6 and >172 hours, respectively. The substantial differences in survival between sensitive and resistant lice following treatment demonstrate the ability of medicinal treatments to drive genetic selection towards a much more resistant salmon lice population within a very short time span if there is no influx of sensitive genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Myhre Jensen
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sea Lice Research Centre, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Marit Jørgensen Bakke
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sea Lice Research Centre, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kiranpreet Kaur
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sea Lice Research Centre, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor Einar Horsberg
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sea Lice Research Centre, Oslo, Norway
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Cui F, Chai T, Qian L, Wang C. Effects of three diamides (chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide) on life history, embryonic development and oxidative stress biomarkers of Daphnia magna. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 169:107-116. [PMID: 27870931 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The diamides have become one of the most promising new classes of insecticides. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity of three diamides (chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide) to Daphnia magna. The acute toxicity test showed that the 48-h EC50 of chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide were 8.5, 23.9 and 63.5 μg/L, respectively. Biochemical measurements revealed a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in D. magna after acute exposure to the three diamides. A significant decrease in activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was observed, which was consistent with the down-regulated transcription of antioxidant genes sod and gpx. Catalase (CAT) activity exhibited a significant increase while the related gene cat showed no obvious change in daphnids acutely exposed to the three diamides. The chronic test revealed that the three diamides could cause lethal and sub-lethal effects on daphnids within constricted range of concentrations at μg/L level. The 21-d EC50 of chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide for mobility were 5.0, 13.6 and 36.8 μg/L, respectively. The chronic LOEC of chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide based on survival, growth and reproduction of D. magna were 4.05, 10.24 and 19.36 μg/L, respectively. Moreover, these three diamides can induce severe developmental abnormalities in D. magna embryos including underdeveloped second antennae, curved tail spine and abnormal body region after acute exposure and the 48-h EC50 were 6.2, 14.1 and 30.8 μg/L for chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide respectively. Our findings indicate that even low levels of diamides can pose ecological risks to aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cui
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Chai
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Qian
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Cui F, Chai T, Liu X, Wang C. Toxicity of three strobilurins (kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin) on Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:182-189. [PMID: 27283376 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Strobilurins constitute a new class of fungicides that is the most widely used in the world. The present study was conducted to investigate the aquatic toxicity of 3 common strobilurin fungicides (kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin) to Daphnia magna. The neonate acute immobilization test showed that the 48-h 50% effective concentration (EC50) values of kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin were 443.3 µg/L, 20.9 µg/L, and 23.0 µg/L, respectively. In addition, the 3 strobilurins significantly induced activity of the important detoxification enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) in D. magna, and there was a significant positive relationship between GST activity and immobility of D. magna after acute exposure. The 3 strobilurins showed higher toxicity to D. magna embryos, and the 48-h EC50 were 157.3 µg/L, 3.9 µg/L, and 1.7 µg/L for kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin, respectively. The 21-d chronic test revealed that the strobilurins could also significantly affect the reproduction, development, and growth of D. magna at sublethal concentrations. The lowest-observed-effect concentrations of kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin for reproduction were 20 µg/L, 0.15 µg/L, and 0.2 µg/L, respectively, which were close to environmental concentrations. The findings indicate that strobilurin fungicides are very toxic to D. magna and they are sufficient to cause harm to D. magna at environmentally relevant concentrations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:182-189. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cui
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Chai
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Liu
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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29
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Toumi H, Bejaoui M, Touaylia S, Burga Perez KF, Ferard JF. Effect of carbaryl (carbamate insecticide) on acetylcholinesterase activity of two strains of Daphnia magna (Crustacea, Cladocera). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2016; 51:777-80. [PMID: 27428655 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2016.1198645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the effect of carbaryl (carbamate insecticide) on the acetylcholinesterase activity in two strains (same clone A) of the crustacean cladoceran Daphnia magna. Four carbaryl concentrations (0.4, 0.9, 1.8 and 3.7 µg L(-1)) were compared against control AChE activity. Our results showed that after 48 h of carbaryl exposure, all treatments induced a significant decrease of AChE activities whatever the two considered strains. However, different responses were registered in terms of lowest observed effect concentrations (LOEC: 0.4 µg L(-1) for strain 1 and 0.9 µg L(-1) for strains 2) revealing differences in sensitivity among the two tested strains of D. magna. These results suggest that after carbaryl exposure, the AChE activity responses can be also used as a biomarker of susceptibility. Moreover, our results show that strain1 is less sensitive than strain 2 in terms of IC50-48 h of AChE activity. Comparing the EC50-48 h of standard ecotoxicity test and IC50-48 h of AChE inhibition, there is the same order of sensitivity with both strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hela Toumi
- a Laboratoire de Bio-surveillance de l'Environnement (LBE), Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte , Zarzouna , Bizerte , Tunisie
- b Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, Université de Lorraine , Metz , France
| | - Mustapha Bejaoui
- a Laboratoire de Bio-surveillance de l'Environnement (LBE), Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte , Zarzouna , Bizerte , Tunisie
| | - Samir Touaylia
- a Laboratoire de Bio-surveillance de l'Environnement (LBE), Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte , Zarzouna , Bizerte , Tunisie
| | - Karen F Burga Perez
- b Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, Université de Lorraine , Metz , France
| | - Jean François Ferard
- b Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, Université de Lorraine , Metz , France
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30
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Zendehdel R, Fazli Z, Mazinani M. Neurotoxicity effect of formaldehyde on occupational exposure and influence of individual susceptibility to some metabolism parameters. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:648. [PMID: 27796833 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5662-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, neurotoxicity and cognitive dysfunction have separately been associated with endogenous formaldehyde and reduction of acetylcholine signals. However, a limited number of studies have shown a relationship between cholinergic neurotransmitter and formaldehyde exposure. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the neurological effect on workers from melamine-dish preparation workshop, who were exposed to formaldehyde. A total of 35 formaldehyde-exposed workers were compared with 32 control employees from the food industry. Occupational exposure to formaldehyde was conducted using the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health 3500 methods. Using the Ellman method, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as a biomarker for neurotoxicity was analyzed in blood erythrocyte. The effects of alcohol dehydrogenase III (ADH3) and Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) polymorphism were used to survey the level of AChE activity. In this study, it was found that exposure to airborne formaldehyde increased from 0.024 to 0.74 ppm and the median personnel exposure was 0.057. Induction of AChE activity was observed in formaldehyde-exposed workers as compared with the control group (p < 0.01), while AChE activity increased in 64 % of the exposed subjects. Spearman's correlation (p < 0.02) was used to evaluate the association between AChE activity and occupational exposure to formaldehyde. Exposed subjects containing ADH32-2 genotype had higher AChE than others. The findings of this study suggest that the neurotoxic effect of formaldehyde depends on the AChE activity, which is affected by metabolism. It can be concluded that cholinergic signal reduction in cases of cognitive dysfunction could be associated with endogenous formaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Zendehdel
- Safety Promotion and Injury Preventation Research Centre, Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Occupational Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zohreh Fazli
- Department of Occupational Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mazinani
- Department of Occupational Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Khazri A, Sellami B, Dellali M, Corcellas C, Eljarrat E, Barceló D, Beyrem H, Mahmoudi E. Diastereomeric and enantiomeric selective accumulation of cypermethrin in the freshwater mussel Unio gibbus and its effects on biochemical parameters. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 129:83-88. [PMID: 27017886 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic pyrethroids are a family of chiral pesticides with a large number of stereoisomers. Cypermethrin (CYP) is used in a variety of agricultural crops, but also has public health and veterinary uses. In this work, the freshwater mussel (Unio gibbus) was chosen to evaluate the stereoselectivity of CYP through the use of gas chromatography with mass-spectrometry. The effects of CYP on mussels were examined by measuring neurotoxicity and oxidative stress biomarkers during its uptake. The investigation was performed under laboratory conditions using nominal CYP concentrations C1=100 μg/L and C2=150 μg/L over 96 h. Preferential bioaccumulation of cis-CYP isomers was observed. Furthermore, enantiomeric characterization revealed enantioselective accumulation, most probably related to mussel metabolism. Antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)), and levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in digestive gland after 4 days of exposure. CYP significantly inhibited acetylcholine esterase activity, by 51% and 57%, respectively, in mussels treated with 100 and 150 μg/L doses. The highest and lowest CYP concentrations elicited an increase of 67 and 63%, respectively, in SOD activity compared to the controls, while CAT activity was increased by 65 and 73%. A statistically significant decrease in GSH levels (40%) was observed only with the highest CYP concentration tested (150 μg/L). In addition, lipid peroxidation was significantly higher (67%) than in controls. These results provided information on CYP-enantioselective uptake and potential biomarkers that could be effectively applied for the biomonitoring of freshwater ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhafidh Khazri
- Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement (LBE), Unité d'Ecotoxicologie et d'Ecologie Côtière (GREEC), Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Zarzouna-Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Badreddine Sellami
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer, 28 rue de 2 mars 1934, 2025 Salammbô, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Dellali
- Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement (LBE), Unité d'Ecotoxicologie et d'Ecologie Côtière (GREEC), Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Zarzouna-Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Cayo Corcellas
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Dep. of Environmental Chemistry, IDÆA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ethel Eljarrat
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Dep. of Environmental Chemistry, IDÆA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Damià Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Dep. of Environmental Chemistry, IDÆA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hamouda Beyrem
- Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement (LBE), Unité d'Ecotoxicologie et d'Ecologie Côtière (GREEC), Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Zarzouna-Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Ezzeddine Mahmoudi
- Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement (LBE), Unité d'Ecotoxicologie et d'Ecologie Côtière (GREEC), Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Zarzouna-Bizerte, Tunisia
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de Castro-Català N, Kuzmanovic M, Roig N, Sierra J, Ginebreda A, Barceló D, Pérez S, Petrovic M, Picó Y, Schuhmacher M, Muñoz I. Ecotoxicity of sediments in rivers: Invertebrate community, toxicity bioassays and the toxic unit approach as complementary assessment tools. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 540:297-306. [PMID: 26118861 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The determination of the real toxicity of sediments in aquatic ecosystems is challenging and necessary for an appropriate risk assessment. Different approaches have been developed and applied over the last several decades. Currently, the joint implementation of chemical, ecological and toxicological tools is recommended for an appropriate and successful toxicity risk assessment. We chose the combination of the toxic unit approach with acute pore water tests (Vibrio fischeri, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Daphnia magna) and whole-sediment exposure tests (V. fischeri, Chironomus riparius), together with invertebrate community composition (multivariate analyses) to detect short and long-term responses of the organisms in four rivers of the Iberian Peninsula. High toxicity was detected in three sites (the downstream sites of the Llobregat and the Júcar, and the most upstream site of the Ebro). We identified organophosphate insecticides and metals as the main variables responsible for this toxicity, particularly in the whole-sediment tests. In particular, chlorpyrifos was mostly responsible for the toxicity (TUs) of D. magna, coinciding with the C. riparius mortality (long-term toxicity) in the mentioned sites, and copper was the main pollutant responsible for the short-term toxicity of P. subcapitata. The combination of the different approaches allowed us to detect ecotoxicological effects in organisms and identify the main contributors to the toxicity in these multi-stressed rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria de Castro-Català
- Department of Ecology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maja Kuzmanovic
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Neus Roig
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Sierra
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; Laboratori d'Edafologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Ginebreda
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research ICRA, C/Emili Grahit, 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Sandra Pérez
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Mira Petrovic
- Catalan Institute for Water Research ICRA, C/Emili Grahit, 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Isabel Muñoz
- Department of Ecology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Zhang X, Yang H, Ren Z, Cui Z. The toxic effects of deltamethrin on Danio rerio: the correlation among behavior response, physiological damage and AChE. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23990k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we comprehensively evaluated the effects of deltamethrin, a pyrethroid pesticide, on the behavior, physiology and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Ji'nan 250100
- China
| | - Huanhuan Yang
- School of Life Science
- Shandong University
- Ji'nan 250100
- China
| | - Zongming Ren
- Institute of Environment and Ecology
- Shandong Normal University
- Ji'nan 250014
- China
| | - Zhaojie Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Ji'nan 250100
- China
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Ulm L, Krivohlavek A, Jurašin D, Ljubojević M, Šinko G, Crnković T, Žuntar I, Šikić S, Vinković Vrček I. Response of biochemical biomarkers in the aquatic crustacean Daphnia magna exposed to silver nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:19990-19999. [PMID: 26296504 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) production and use owing to their antimicrobial properties justifies the need to examine the resulting environmental impacts. The discharge of biocidal nanoparticles to water bodies may pose a threat to aquatic species. This study evaluated the effects of citrate-coated AgNPs on the standardized test organism Daphnia magna Straus clone MBP996 by means of biochemical biomarker response. AgNP toxicity was compared against the toxic effect of Ag(+). The toxicity endpoints were calculated based upon measured Ag concentrations in exposure media. For AgNPs, the NOAEC and LOAEC values at 48 h were 5 and 7 μg Ag/L, respectively, while these values were 0.5 and 1 μg Ag/L, respectively, for Ag(+). The EC50 at 48 h was computed to be 12.4 ± 0.6 and 2.6 ± 0.1 μg Ag/L for AgNPs and Ag(+), respectively, with 95 % confidence intervals of 12.1-12.8 and 2.3-2.8 μg Ag/L, respectively. These results indicate significant less toxicity of AgNP compared to free Ag(+) ions. Five biomarkers were evaluated in Daphnia magna neonates after acute exposure to Ag(+) or AgNPs, including glutathione (GSH) level, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, and catalase (CAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. AgNPs induced toxicity and oxidative stress responses in D. magna neonates at tenfold higher concentrations than Ag. Biochemical methods revealed a clear increase in AChE activity, decreased ROS level, increased GSH level and CAT activity, but no significant changes in SOD activity. As Ag(+) may dissolve from AgNPs, these two types of Ag could act synergistically and produce a greater toxic response. The observed remarkably high toxicity of AgNPs (in the parts-per-billion range) to crustaceans indicates that these organisms are a vulnerable link in the aquatic food chain with regard to contamination by nanosilver. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Ulm
- Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Mirogojska 16, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Adela Krivohlavek
- Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Mirogojska 16, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darija Jurašin
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Ljubojević
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Šinko
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tea Crnković
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Žuntar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Šikić
- Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Mirogojska 16, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Vinković Vrček
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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