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Bertanza G, Abbà A, Alias C, Amatucci A, Binelli A, Castiglioni S, Fossati M, Cruzeiro C, Torre CD, Domini M, Feretti D, Gilioli G, Magni S, Mazzoleni G, Menghini M, Pedrazzani R, Schroeder P, Simonetto A, Steimberg N, Ventura V, Vezzoli S, Zerbini I. To spread or not to spread? Assessing the suitability of sewage sludge and other biogenic wastes for agriculture reuse. MethodsX 2024; 12:102599. [PMID: 38379723 PMCID: PMC10876616 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Sewage sludge (biosolids) management represents a worldwide issue. Due to its valuable properties, approximately one half of the EU production is recovered in agriculture. Nevertheless, growing attention is given to potential negative effects deriving from the presence of harmful pollutants. It is recognized that a (even very detailed) chemical characterization is not able to predict ecotoxicity of a mixture. However, this can be directly measured by bioassays. Actually, the choice of the most suitable tests is still under debate. This paper presents a multilevel characterization protocol of sewage sludge and other organic residues, based on bioassays and chemical-physical-microbiological analyses. The detailed description of the experimental procedure includes all the involved steps: the criteria for selecting the organic matrices to be tested and compared; the sample pre-treatment required before the analyses execution; the chemical, physical and microbiological characterisation; the bioassays, grouped in three classes (baseline toxicity; specific mode of action; reactive mode of action); data processing. The novelty of this paper lies in the integrated use of advanced tools, and is based on three pillars:•the direct ecosafety assessment of the matrices to be reused.•the adoption of innovative bioassays and analytical procedures.•the original criteria for data normalization and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Bertanza
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Architettura, Territorio e Ambiente e di Matematica, Università degli Studi di Brescia. Via Branze 43, Brescia I-25123, Italy
- MISTRAL, Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca, Milano Bicocca e Verona “Modelli Integrati di Studio per la Tutela della Salute e la Prevenzione negli Ambienti di Vita e di Lavoro”, Università di Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Abbà
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Architettura, Territorio e Ambiente e di Matematica, Università degli Studi di Brescia. Via Branze 43, Brescia I-25123, Italy
| | - Carlotta Alias
- Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche, Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia I-25123, Italy
| | - Achille Amatucci
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Architettura, Territorio e Ambiente e di Matematica, Università degli Studi di Brescia. Via Branze 43, Brescia I-25123, Italy
| | - Andrea Binelli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- Dipartimento Ambiente e Salute, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, IRCCS. Via Mario Negri 2, Milano I-20156, Italy
| | - Marco Fossati
- Dipartimento Ambiente e Salute, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, IRCCS. Via Mario Negri 2, Milano I-20156, Italy
| | - Catarina Cruzeiro
- Helmholtz Zentrum München – Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
| | - Camilla Della Torre
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Marta Domini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Architettura, Territorio e Ambiente e di Matematica, Università degli Studi di Brescia. Via Branze 43, Brescia I-25123, Italy
| | - Donatella Feretti
- MISTRAL, Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca, Milano Bicocca e Verona “Modelli Integrati di Studio per la Tutela della Salute e la Prevenzione negli Ambienti di Vita e di Lavoro”, Università di Brescia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche, Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia I-25123, Italy
| | - Gianni Gilioli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Architettura, Territorio e Ambiente e di Matematica, Università degli Studi di Brescia. Via Branze 43, Brescia I-25123, Italy
| | - Stefano Magni
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mazzoleni
- MISTRAL, Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca, Milano Bicocca e Verona “Modelli Integrati di Studio per la Tutela della Salute e la Prevenzione negli Ambienti di Vita e di Lavoro”, Università di Brescia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali, Università degli Studi di Brescia. Viale Europa 11, Brescia I-25123, Italy
| | - Michele Menghini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Industriale, Università degli Studi di Brescia. Via Branze 38, Brescia I-25123, Italy
| | - Roberta Pedrazzani
- MISTRAL, Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca, Milano Bicocca e Verona “Modelli Integrati di Studio per la Tutela della Salute e la Prevenzione negli Ambienti di Vita e di Lavoro”, Università di Brescia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Industriale, Università degli Studi di Brescia. Via Branze 38, Brescia I-25123, Italy
| | - Peter Schroeder
- Helmholtz Zentrum München – Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
| | - Anna Simonetto
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Architettura, Territorio e Ambiente e di Matematica, Università degli Studi di Brescia. Via Branze 43, Brescia I-25123, Italy
| | - Nathalie Steimberg
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali, Università degli Studi di Brescia. Viale Europa 11, Brescia I-25123, Italy
| | - Vera Ventura
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Architettura, Territorio e Ambiente e di Matematica, Università degli Studi di Brescia. Via Branze 43, Brescia I-25123, Italy
| | - Simona Vezzoli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Architettura, Territorio e Ambiente e di Matematica, Università degli Studi di Brescia. Via Branze 43, Brescia I-25123, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zerbini
- Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche, Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia I-25123, Italy
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2
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de Sousa A, Wilhelm CM, da Silva CEM, Goldoni A, Rodrigues MAS, da Silva LB. Treated tannery effluent and its impact on the receiving stream water: physicochemical characterization and cytogenotoxic evaluation using the Allium cepa test. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:949-954. [PMID: 36454318 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01825-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tanneries are considered some of the most polluting industries due to the heavy use of toxic compounds, most of which are released into water bodies, thus exerting adverse effects on aquatic biota. However, the effects on organisms of treated effluents when released into the natural environment are rarely evaluated. This study aims to assess the physicochemical parameters of a tannery effluent after treatment (TE) at a Common Effluent Treatment Plant as well as the water of the receiving stream and to evaluate cytogenotoxic effects in Allium cepa. Three sampling sites (A: TE discharge point; B: 100 m downstream from site A along the receiving stream; C: 100 m upstream from site A along the stream) were selected. Onion bulbs were exposed to TE (100%, 80%, 60% v/v), water samples from sites B and C, and tap water for 72 h. Chromosomal aberration and mitotic index were analyzed on the root cells of A. cepa. The TE was above the standard limits for ammoniacal nitrogen, COD, and total nitrogen. No cytogenotoxicity was observed in A. cepa exposed to samples from sites A and C. However, the stream water sampled downstream from the TE discharge site significantly reduced the mitotic index, indicating a cytotoxic effect. Therefore, this demonstrates the effects of interactions between the receiving water and the complex chemical mixtures in the TE. The findings thus showed that the toxicity assessment of treated effluents along with the receiving water body would provide valuable and more realistic information about the joint toxicity of chemical pollutants in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa de Sousa
- Feevale University, ERS-239, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, 2755, Brazil
| | | | | | - Angélica Goldoni
- Feevale University, ERS-239, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, 2755, Brazil
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3
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Bona D, Lucian M, Feretti D, Silvestri S, Zerbini I, Merzari F, Messineo A, Volpe M. Phytotoxicity and genotoxicity of agro-industrial digested sludge hydrochar: The role of heavy metals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:162138. [PMID: 36773912 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrochar is a new carbonaceous product obtained via hydrothermal carbonization of wet biomass, such as sludges or digested sludges, which often have disposal problems, also due to the presence of contaminants such as heavy metals. The properties of the hydrochar led to an interest in using it as an amendment, but the agro-environmental properties must be considered for its safe use. Raw hydrochar produced by agro-industrial digestate and relative three acidic post-treated hydrochars (for heavy metals removal) have been assessed considering their effect on phytotoxicity, soil, plant growth, mutagenicity, and genotoxicity. The chemical characterization showed the effect of post-treatment on heavy metals contents reduction, except for Cu content (hydrochar, 650 mg/kg; post-treated hydrochars, 940 mg/kg, 287 mg/kg, and 420 mg/kg). The acidic post-treatment also reduces the phytotoxicity compared to raw hydrochar (the germination index at 16 % of hydrochar concentration was: hydrochar, 61.48 %; post-treated hydrochars, 82.27 %, 58.28 %, and 82.26 %), but the low pH and the impact on N-cycle probably have caused the detrimental effect on plant growth of post-treated hydrochar. No mutagenic activity was observed in bacteria using Ames test, while all the samples induced chromosomal aberrations in plant cells (Allium cepa test). The approach adopted, which considers phytotoxicity, plant growth-soil effects, and mutagenicity/genotoxicity bioassays has been proven effective for a proper evaluation of organic products derived from waste to promote a sustainable and circular recovery of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bona
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010 San Michele a/A, Italy.
| | - Michela Lucian
- Carborem srl, Piazza Manifattura 1, 38060 Rovereto, TN, Italy
| | - Donatella Feretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Silvestri
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010 San Michele a/A, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zerbini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabio Merzari
- Carborem srl, Piazza Manifattura 1, 38060 Rovereto, TN, Italy
| | - Antonio Messineo
- University of Enna Kore, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Viale delle Olimpiadi snc, 94100 Enna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Volpe
- Carborem srl, Piazza Manifattura 1, 38060 Rovereto, TN, Italy; University of Enna Kore, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Viale delle Olimpiadi snc, 94100 Enna, Italy
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4
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Topić Popović N, Čižmek L, Babić S, Strunjak-Perović I, Čož-Rakovac R. Fish liver damage related to the wastewater treatment plant effluents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:48739-48768. [PMID: 36869954 PMCID: PMC9985104 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26187-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) continuously release a complex mixture of municipal, hospital, industrial, and runoff chemicals into the aquatic environment. These contaminants are both legacy contaminants and emerging-concern contaminants, affecting all tissues in a fish body, particularly the liver. The fish liver is the principal detoxifying organ and effects of consistent pollutant exposure can be evident on its cellular and tissue level. The objective of this paper is thus to provide an in-depth analysis of the WWTP contaminants' impact on the fish liver structure, physiology, and metabolism. The paper also gives an overview of the fish liver biotransformation enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, and non-enzymatic antioxidants, their role in metabolizing xenobiotic compounds and coping with oxidative damage. Emphasis has been placed on highlighting the vulnerability of fish to xenobiotic compounds, and on biomonitoring of exposed fish, generally involving observation of biomarkers in caged or native fish. Furthermore, the paper systematically assesses the most common contaminants with the potential to affect fish liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalija Topić Popović
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia.
- Centre of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting-BioProCro, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Lara Čižmek
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting-BioProCro, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Babić
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting-BioProCro, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivančica Strunjak-Perović
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting-BioProCro, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting-BioProCro, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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5
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Bertanza G, Steimberg N, Pedrazzani R, Boniotti J, Ceretti E, Mazzoleni G, Menghini M, Urani C, Zerbini I, Feretti D. Wastewater toxicity removal: Integrated chemical and effect-based monitoring of full-scale conventional activated sludge and membrane bioreactor plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158071. [PMID: 35988629 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The literature is currently lacking effect-based monitoring studies targeted at evaluating the performance of full-scale membrane bioreactor plants. In this research, a monitoring campaign was performed at a full-scale wastewater treatment facility with two parallel lines (traditional activated sludge and membrane bioreactor). Beside the standard parameters (COD, nitrogen, phosphorus, and metals), 6 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, 29 insecticides, 2 herbicides, and 3 endocrine disrupting compounds were measured. A multi-tiered battery of bioassays complemented the investigation, targeting different toxic modes of action and employing various biological systems (uni/multicellular, prokaryotes/eukaryotes, trophic level occupation). A traffic light scoring approach was proposed to quickly visualize the impact of treatment on overall toxicity that occurred after the exposure to raw and concentrated wastewater. Analysis of the effluents of the CAS and MBR lines show very good performance of the two systems for removal of organic micropollutants and metals. The most noticeable differences between CAS and MBR occurred in the concentration of suspended solids; chemical analyses did not show major differences. On the other hand, bioassays demonstrated better performance for the MBR. Both treatment lines complied with the Italian law's "ecotoxicity standard for effluent discharge in surface water". Yet, residual biological activity was still detected, demonstrating the adequacy and sensitivity of the toxicological tools, which, by their inherent nature, allow the overall effects of complex mixtures to be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Bertanza
- DICATAM-Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, I-25123 Brescia, Italy; MISTRAAL Interdepartmental Research Center - MISTRAL - Inter-University Research Center "Integrated Models for Prevention and Protection in Environmental and Occupational Health", DSCS, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Nathalie Steimberg
- MISTRAAL Interdepartmental Research Center - MISTRAL - Inter-University Research Center "Integrated Models for Prevention and Protection in Environmental and Occupational Health", DSCS, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy; DSCS-Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Roberta Pedrazzani
- MISTRAAL Interdepartmental Research Center - MISTRAL - Inter-University Research Center "Integrated Models for Prevention and Protection in Environmental and Occupational Health", DSCS, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy; DIMI-Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, I-25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Jennifer Boniotti
- DSCS-Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ceretti
- DSMC-Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Mazzoleni
- MISTRAAL Interdepartmental Research Center - MISTRAL - Inter-University Research Center "Integrated Models for Prevention and Protection in Environmental and Occupational Health", DSCS, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy; DSCS-Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Michele Menghini
- DIMI-Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, I-25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Chiara Urani
- MISTRAAL Interdepartmental Research Center - MISTRAL - Inter-University Research Center "Integrated Models for Prevention and Protection in Environmental and Occupational Health", DSCS, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy; DISAT-Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, I-20126 Milano, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Zerbini
- DSMC-Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Donatella Feretti
- MISTRAAL Interdepartmental Research Center - MISTRAL - Inter-University Research Center "Integrated Models for Prevention and Protection in Environmental and Occupational Health", DSCS, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy; DSMC-Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy.
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6
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Hong AJ, Lee J, Cha Y, Zoh KD. Propiconazole degradation and its toxicity removal during UV/H 2O 2 and UV photolysis processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134876. [PMID: 35551935 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Propiconazole (PRO) is a triazole fungicide that is frequently detected in the water. In this study, we investigated the kinetics and degradation mechanism of PRO during the UV photolysis and UV/H2O2 processes. PRO was removed by the pseudo-first-order kinetics in both processes. The removal of PRO was enhanced by increasing H2O2 concentration in the UV/H2O2 process. The highest removal under neutral conditions, and lower removal of PRO were observed in acidic and alkaline pHs in the UV/H2O2 process. The presence of natural water ingredients such as Cl-, NO3-, humic acid acted as radical scavengers, but HCO3- ion acted as both radical promoter and scavenger in the UV/H2O2 process. The transformation products (TPs) of PRO during both processes were identified using LC-QTOF/MS. Four TPs ([M+H]+ = 238, 256, 306, and 324) were identified during UV photolysis, and six TPs ([M+H]+ = 238, 256, 306, 324, 356, and 358) were identified in the UV/H2O2 process. Among the identified TPs, TP with [M+H]+ values of 356 and 358 were newly identified in the UV/H2O2 process. In addition, ionic byproducts, such as Cl-, NO3-, formate (HCOO-), and acetate (CH3COO-), were newly identified, indicating that significant mineralization was achieved in the UV/H2O2 process. Based on the identified TPs and ionic byproducts, the degradation mechanisms of PRO during two processes were proposed. The major reactions in both processes were ring cleavage and cyclization, and hydroxylation by OH radicals. The Microtox test with Vibrio fischeri showed that, while the toxicity of the reaction solution increased first, then gradually decreased during UV photolysis, the UV/H2O2 process initially increased toxicity at 10 min due to the production of TPs, but toxicity was completely removed as the reaction progressed. The results obtained in this study imply that the UV/H2O2 process is an effective treatment for eliminating PRO, its TPs, and the resulting toxicity in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae-Jung Hong
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Youngho Cha
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Duk Zoh
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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7
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Sanseverino I, Gómez L, Navarro A, Cappelli F, Niegowska M, Lahm A, Barbiere M, Porcel-Rodríguez E, Valsecchi S, Pedraccini R, Crosta S, Lettieri T. Holistic approach to chemical and microbiological quality of aquatic ecosystems impacted by wastewater effluent discharges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155388. [PMID: 35489490 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) collect wastewater from various sources and use different treatment processes to reduce the load of pollutants in the environment. Since the removal of many chemical pollutants and bacteria by WWTPs is incomplete, they constitute a potential source of contaminants. The continuous release of contaminants through WWTP effluents can compromise the health of the aquatic ecosystems, even if they occur at very low concentrations. The main objective of this work was to characterize, over a period of four months, the treatment steps starting from income to the effluent and 5 km downstream to the receiving river. In this context, the efficiency removal of chemical pollutants (e.g. hormones and pharmaceuticals, including antibiotics) and bacteria was assessed in a WWTP case study by using a holistic approach. It embraces different chemical and biological-based methods, such as pharmaceutical analysis by HPLC-MSMS, growth rate inhibition in algae, ligand binding estrogen receptor assay, microbial community study by 16S and shotgun sequencing along with relative quantification of resistance genes by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Although both, chemical and biological-based methods showed a significant reduction of the pollutant burden in effluent and surface waters compared to the influent of the WWTP, no complete removal of pollutants, pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Livia Gómez
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Anna Navarro
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Francesca Cappelli
- Water Research Institute IRSA-CNR, Via del Mulino 19, Brugherio 20861, MB, Italy; University of Insubria, Department of Science and High Technology, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | | | - Armin Lahm
- Bioinformatics Project Support, P.zza S.M. Liberatrice 18, 00153 Roma, Italy
| | - Maurizio Barbiere
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | | | - Sara Valsecchi
- Water Research Institute IRSA-CNR, Via del Mulino 19, Brugherio 20861, MB, Italy
| | | | | | - Teresa Lettieri
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
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8
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Bertanza G, Boniotti J, Ceretti E, Feretti D, Mazzoleni G, Menghini M, Pedrazzani R, Steimberg N, Urani C, Viola GCV, Zerbini I, Ziliani E. Environmental Footprint of Wastewater Treatment: A Step Forward in the Use of Toxicological Tools. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136827. [PMID: 34202094 PMCID: PMC8297069 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of the actual impact of discharged wastewater on the whole ecosystem and, in turn, on human health requires the execution of bioassays. In effect, based on the chemical characterization alone, the synergistic/antagonistic effect of mixtures of pollutants is hardly estimable. The aim of this work was to evaluate the applicability of a battery of bioassays and to suggest a smart procedure for results representation. Two real wastewater treatment plants were submitted to analytical campaigns. Several baseline toxicity assays were conducted, together with tests for the determination of endocrine activity, genetic toxicity and carcinogenicity of wastewater. A “traffic light” model was adopted for an easy-to-understand visualization of the results. Although the legal prescriptions of chemical parameters are fully complied with, bioassays show that a certain biological activity still residues in the treated effluents. Moreover, influent and effluent responses are not always appreciably different. Some tests employing human cells were revealed to be only partially adequate for environmental applications. An interesting and helpful development of the present approach would consist in the estimation of biological equivalents of toxicity, as shown for the estrogenic compound 17-β-estradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Bertanza
- DICATAM—Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, I-25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.B.); (M.M.)
- MISTRAAL Interdepartmental University Research Center—MISTRAL—Integrated Study Models for the Protection of Health and Prevention in Life and Work Environments, DSCS, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy; (D.F.); (G.M.); (N.S.); (C.U.)
| | - Jennifer Boniotti
- DSCS—Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Ceretti
- DSMC—Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.C.); (G.C.V.V.); (I.Z.)
| | - Donatella Feretti
- MISTRAAL Interdepartmental University Research Center—MISTRAL—Integrated Study Models for the Protection of Health and Prevention in Life and Work Environments, DSCS, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy; (D.F.); (G.M.); (N.S.); (C.U.)
- DSMC—Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.C.); (G.C.V.V.); (I.Z.)
| | - Giovanna Mazzoleni
- MISTRAAL Interdepartmental University Research Center—MISTRAL—Integrated Study Models for the Protection of Health and Prevention in Life and Work Environments, DSCS, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy; (D.F.); (G.M.); (N.S.); (C.U.)
- DSCS—Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Michele Menghini
- DICATAM—Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, I-25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Roberta Pedrazzani
- MISTRAAL Interdepartmental University Research Center—MISTRAL—Integrated Study Models for the Protection of Health and Prevention in Life and Work Environments, DSCS, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy; (D.F.); (G.M.); (N.S.); (C.U.)
- DIMI—Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, I-25123 Brescia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-030-3715505; Fax: +39-030-3702448
| | - Nathalie Steimberg
- MISTRAAL Interdepartmental University Research Center—MISTRAL—Integrated Study Models for the Protection of Health and Prevention in Life and Work Environments, DSCS, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy; (D.F.); (G.M.); (N.S.); (C.U.)
- DSCS—Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Chiara Urani
- MISTRAAL Interdepartmental University Research Center—MISTRAL—Integrated Study Models for the Protection of Health and Prevention in Life and Work Environments, DSCS, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy; (D.F.); (G.M.); (N.S.); (C.U.)
- DISAT—Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan—Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Gaia Claudia Viviana Viola
- DSMC—Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.C.); (G.C.V.V.); (I.Z.)
| | - Ilaria Zerbini
- DSMC—Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.C.); (G.C.V.V.); (I.Z.)
| | - Emanuele Ziliani
- DICAr—Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, I-27100 Pavia, Italy;
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9
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Mannina G, Alliet M, Brepols C, Comas J, Harmand J, Heran M, Kalboussi N, Makinia J, Robles Á, Rebouças TF, Ni BJ, Rodriguez-Roda I, Victoria Ruano M, Bertanza G, Smets I. Integrated membrane bioreactors modelling: A review on new comprehensive modelling framework. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 329:124828. [PMID: 33621928 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Integrated Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) models, combination of biological and physical models, have been representing powerful tools for the accomplishment of high environmental sustainability. This paper, produced by the International Water Association (IWA) Task Group on Membrane Modelling and Control, reviews the state-of-the-art, identifying gaps for future researches, and proposes a new integrated MBR modelling framework. In particular, the framework aims to guide researchers and managers in pursuing good performances of MBRs in terms of effluent quality, operating costs (such as membrane fouling, energy consumption due to aeration) and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Mannina
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze, Ed.8, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Marion Alliet
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Joaquim Comas
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; LEQUiA, Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | | | - Marc Heran
- IEM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Nesrine Kalboussi
- Université de Carthage, Institut National ds Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie & Université de Tunis El Manar, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tunis, Laboratoire de Modélisation Mathématique et Numérique dans les sciences d'ingénieur, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jacek Makinia
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ángel Robles
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria (ETSE-UV), Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | | | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Ignasi Rodriguez-Roda
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; LEQUiA, Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - María Victoria Ruano
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria (ETSE-UV), Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Giorgio Bertanza
- Departament of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, Brescia University, via Branze 43, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Ilse Smets
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2424, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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10
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Son Y, Lee YM, Zoh KD. Kinetics and degradation mechanism of tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate in the UV/H 2O 2 reaction. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 260:127461. [PMID: 32673865 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) is a chlorinated organic phosphate used in various applications as a flame retardant and plasticizer. TCPP is a known suspected carcinogen and is not effectively removed by traditional water treatments such as biological, chlorination, and UV irradiation. In this study, the UV/H2O2 reaction was employed to degrade TCPP in water. TCPP was effectively degraded in the UV/H2O2 reaction by pseudofirst-order kinetics. The second-order rate constant of the reaction between the TCPP and OH radical was determined to be 4.35 (±0.13) × 108 M-1 s-1 using the competition kinetics with nitrobenzene as a reference compound. The degradation of TCPP was affected by the amount of H2O2, pH, and coexisting water components such as HCO3-, NO3-, and humic acid. Approximately 64.2% of total organic carbon (TOC) in TCPP was mineralized in 12 h during the UV/H2O2 reaction, whereas chloride (Cl-) and phosphate (PO43-) ions were identified as ionic byproducts with the recoveries of 96% chlorine (Cl) and 50% phosphorus (P). Five organic transformation products (TPs) of TCPP were also identified using LC-qTOF/MS. Considering the identified TPs, the main degradation pathway of TCPP during the UV/H2O2 reaction was found to be OH-radical-induced hydroxylation. Finally, a 70% decrease in bioluminescence inhibition in Vibrio fischeri was observed during the UV/H2O2 reaction, and the time-toxicity profile was similar to the time-peak area profile of TPs. The result of this study implies that TCPP can be efficiently removed with significant mineralization and toxicity reduction by the UV/H2O2 process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongjo Son
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Institute of Health & Environment, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Young-Min Lee
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Duk Zoh
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Institute of Health & Environment, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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11
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Ribeiro RX, da Silva Brito R, Pereira AC, Monteiro KBES, Gonçalves BB, Rocha TL. Ecotoxicological assessment of effluents from Brazilian wastewater treatment plants using zebrafish embryotoxicity test: A multi-biomarker approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 735:139036. [PMID: 32493656 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Effluent from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) remains one of the major pollutants of aquatic environments; however, knowledge about its ecotoxic effects at fish early life stages is limited. The ecotoxicity of effluent from Brazilian WWTPs was herein analyzed based on responses of multiple biomarkers in the zebrafish embryotoxicity test (ZET). Ecotoxicity was analyzed based on mortality rate, hatching rate, spontaneous movement rate (neurotoxicity), heart rate (cardiotoxicity), frequency of morphological changes and morphometric parameters during 144 h exposure time. Results showed that embryos exposed to affluent and effluent presented high mortality rate and delayed hatching rate, as well as changes in morphometric parameters. Exposed embryos also showed physiological, sensory, skeletal and muscular changes, which confirms that the ecotoxic effect of WWTPs effluent is systemic and associated with the presence of several pollutants, even at low concentrations (mixture toxicity). The present study is pioneer in using responses of multiple biomarkers in ZET as suitable approach to assess the ecotoxicity of WWTPs effluent in developing countries, as well as to add value and contribute to studies on WWTPs worldwide. Zebrafish is a suitable vertebrate model to assess the ecotoxicity of WWTP effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Xavier Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Rafaella da Silva Brito
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Aryelle Canedo Pereira
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Keyle Borges E Silva Monteiro
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Companhia Saneamento de Goiás (SANEAGO), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Bruno Bastos Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Thiago Lopes Rocha
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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12
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Methodological Protocol for Assessing the Environmental Footprint by Means of Ecotoxicological Tools: Wastewater Treatment Plants as an Example Case. METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0150-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Yadav A, Raj A, Purchase D, Ferreira LFR, Saratale GD, Bharagava RN. Phytotoxicity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity evaluation of organic and inorganic pollutants rich tannery wastewater from a Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) in Unnao district, India using Vigna radiata and Allium cepa. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 224:324-332. [PMID: 30826702 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The leather industry is a major source of environmental pollution in India. The wastewater generated by leather industries contains very high pollution parameters due to the presence of a complex mixture of organic and inorganic pollutants even after the treatment at a Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) and disturbs the ecological flora and fauna. The nature, characteristics and toxicity of CETP treated wastewater is yet to be fully elucidated. Thus, this study aims to characterize and evaluate the toxicity of CETP treated tannery wastewater collected from the Unnao district of Uttar Pradesh, India. In addition to measuring the physico-chemical parameters, the residual organic pollutants was identified by GC-MS analysis and phytotoxicity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the treated wastewater was evaluated using Vigna radiata L. and Allium cepa L. Results showed that the treated wastewater contained very high pollution parameters (TDS 3850 mg/L, BOD 680 mg/L, COD-1300 mg/L). GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of various types of residual organic pollutants including benzoic acid, 3-[4,-(T-butyl) Phenyl] furan-2-5-dione, benzeneacetamide, resorcinol, dibutyl phthalate, and benzene-1,2,4-triol. Further, toxicological studies showed the phytotoxic nature of the wastewater as it inhibited seed germination in V. radiata L. and root growth of A. cepa. Genotoxicity was evidenced in the root tip cell of A. cepa where chromosomal aberrations (stickiness, chromosome loss, C-mitosis, and vagrant chromosome) and nuclear abnormalities like micronucleated and binucleated cells were observed. Thus, results suggested that it is not safe to discharge these wastewater into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Yadav
- Laboratory for Bioremediation and Metagenomics Research (LBMR), Department of Microbiology (DM), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhay Raj
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Diane Purchase
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon, London, NW4 4BT, England, United Kingdom
| | - Luiz Fernando R Ferreira
- Institute of Technology and Research, Murilo Dantas Avenue, 300, Farolândia, 49.032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; Post‑Graduated Program on Process Engineering, Tiradentes University, Murilo Dantas Avenue, 300, Farolândia, 49.032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Ram Naresh Bharagava
- Laboratory for Bioremediation and Metagenomics Research (LBMR), Department of Microbiology (DM), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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14
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Pedrazzani R, Bertanza G, Brnardić I, Cetecioglu Z, Dries J, Dvarionienė J, García-Fernández AJ, Langenhoff A, Libralato G, Lofrano G, Škrbić B, Martínez-López E, Meriç S, Pavlović DM, Papa M, Schröder P, Tsagarakis KP, Vogelsang C. Opinion paper about organic trace pollutants in wastewater: Toxicity assessment in a European perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:3202-3221. [PMID: 30463169 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Pedrazzani
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38 and University Research Center "Integrated Models for Prevention and Protection in Environmental and Occupational Health", University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Bertanza
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 43 and University Research Center "Integrated Models for Prevention and Protection in Environmental and Occupational Health", University of Brescia, 25123, Italy.
| | - Ivan Brnardić
- Faculty of Metallurgy, University of Zagreb, Aleja narodnih heroja 3, 44103 Sisak, Croatia.
| | - Zeynep Cetecioglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jan Dries
- Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Salesianenlaan 90, 2660 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Jolanta Dvarionienė
- Kaunas University of Technology, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Gedimino str. 50, 44239 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Antonio J García-Fernández
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Campus of Espinardo, Spain.
| | - Alette Langenhoff
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708, WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Giovanni Libralato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia ed. 7, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giusy Lofrano
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Biljana Škrbić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Emma Martínez-López
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Campus of Espinardo, Spain.
| | - Süreyya Meriç
- Çorlu Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Namik Kemal University, Çorlu, 59860, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
| | - Dragana Mutavdžić Pavlović
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Matteo Papa
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 43 and University Research Center "Integrated Models for Prevention and Protection in Environmental and Occupational Health", University of Brescia, 25123, Italy.
| | - Peter Schröder
- Helmholtz-Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Konstantinos P Tsagarakis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67100 Xanthi, Greece.
| | - Christian Vogelsang
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
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15
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Wangmo C, Jarque S, Hilscherová K, Bláha L, Bittner M. In vitro assessment of sex steroids and related compounds in water and sediments - a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:270-287. [PMID: 29251308 DOI: 10.1039/c7em00458c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Detection of endocrine disrupting compounds in water and sediment samples has gained much importance since the evidence of their effects was reported in aquatic ecosystems in the 1990s. The aim of this review is to highlight the advances made in the field of in vitro analysis for the detection of hormonally active compounds with estrogenic, androgenic and progestogenic effects in water and sediment samples. In vitro assays have been developed from yeast, mammalian and in a few cases from fish cells. These assays are based either on the hormone-mediated proliferation of sensitive cell lines or on the hormone-mediated expression of reporter genes. In vitro assays in combination with various sample enrichment methods have been used with limits of detection as low as 0.0027 ng L-1 in water, and 0.0026 ng g-1 in sediments for estrogenicity, 0.1 ng L-1 in water, and 0.5 ng g-1 in sediments for androgenicity, and 5 ng L-1 in water for progestogenicity expressed as equivalent concentrations of standard reference compounds of 17β-estradiol, dihydrotestosterone and progesterone, respectively. The experimental results and limits of quantification, however, are influenced by the methods of sample collection, preparation, and individual laboratory practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chimi Wangmo
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment - RECETOX, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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16
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Pedrazzani R, Cavallotti I, Bollati E, Ferreri M, Bertanza G. The role of bioassays in the evaluation of ecotoxicological aspects within the PEF/OEF protocols: The case of WWTPs. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:742-748. [PMID: 28942277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The suitability evaluation of any industrial process should rely on economic, technical, social and, in particular, environmental aspects. The Commission Recommendation 2013/179/UE enables the improvement and the harmonization of the conventional evaluation of environmental footprints, such as LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), Carbon and Water Footprint, by suggesting the assessment of life cycle environmental performance of products and organisations (PEF, OEF). Novelty aspects reside in including new impact categories (namely, human toxicity cancer effects, human toxicity not-cancer effects and eco-toxicity). This paper presents an application of PEF/OEF protocol to the example case of an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant. Strengths and criticisms of this approach are discussed, by taking into consideration the possible final goal of the suitability assessment. Valuably, the adoption of bioassays (i.e., the input of their results in the models for calculating the life cycle environmental performance) for a more reliable evaluation of the impact on the ecosystem and human health is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Pedrazzani
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Brescia, via Branze 38, I-25123 Brescia, Italy; MISTRAL c/o DSMC - Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Irma Cavallotti
- ICA, Società di Ingegneria Chimica p.er l'Ambiente srl, Via Stezzano, 87 c/o Parco Scientifico Tecnologico Kilometro Rosso, I-24126 Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Edoardo Bollati
- ICA, Società di Ingegneria Chimica p.er l'Ambiente srl, Via Stezzano, 87 c/o Parco Scientifico Tecnologico Kilometro Rosso, I-24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Marta Ferreri
- ICA, Società di Ingegneria Chimica p.er l'Ambiente srl, Via Stezzano, 87 c/o Parco Scientifico Tecnologico Kilometro Rosso, I-24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bertanza
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, Università degli Studi di Brescia, via Branze 43, I-25123 Brescia, Italy; MISTRAL c/o DSMC - Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy.
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17
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Brückner I, Kirchner K, Müller Y, Schiwy S, Klaer K, Dolny R, Wendt L, Könemann S, Pinnekamp J, Hollert H, Rosenbaum MA. Status quo report on wastewater treatment plant, receiving water's biocoenosis and quality as basis for evaluation of large-scale ozonation process. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 77:337-345. [PMID: 29377818 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The project DemO3AC (demonstration of large-scale wastewater ozonation at the Aachen-Soers wastewater treatment plant, Germany) of the Eifel-Rur Waterboard contains the construction of a large-scale ozonation plant for advanced treatment of the entire 25 million m³/yr of wastewater passing through its largest wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). In dry periods, up to 70% of the receiving water consists of treated wastewater. Thus, it is expected that effects of ozonation on downstream water biocoenosis will become observable. Extensive monitoring of receiving water and the WWTP shows a severe pollution with micropollutants (already prior to WWTP inlet). (Eco-)Toxicological investigations showed increased toxicity at the inlet of the WWTP for all assays. However, endocrine-disrupting potential was also present at other sampling points at the WWTP and in the river and could not be eliminated sufficiently by the WWTP. Total cell counts at the WWTP are slightly below average. Investigations of antibiotic resistances show no increase after the WWTP outlet in the river. However, cells carrying antibiotic-resistant genes seem to be more stress resistant in general. Comparing investigations after implementation of ozonation should lead to an approximation of the correlation between micropollutants and water quality/biocoenosis and the effects that ozonation has on this matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Brückner
- Waterboard Eifel-Rur, Eisenbahnstr. 5, Dueren 52353, Germany E-mail:
| | - K Kirchner
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Y Müller
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - S Schiwy
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - K Klaer
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Mies-van-der-Rohe-Str. 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - R Dolny
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Mies-van-der-Rohe-Str. 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - L Wendt
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - S Könemann
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - J Pinnekamp
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Mies-van-der-Rohe-Str. 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - H Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - M A Rosenbaum
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 23, Jena 07745, Germany
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Zare A, Henry D, Chua G, Gordon P, Habibi HR. Differential Hepatic Gene Expression Profile of Male Fathead Minnows Exposed to Daily Varying Dose of Environmental Contaminants Individually and in Mixture. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:749. [PMID: 30619083 PMCID: PMC6295643 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental contaminants are known to impair reproduction, metabolism and development in wild life and humans. To investigate the mechanisms underlying adverse effects of contaminants, fathead minnows were exposed to a number of endocrine disruptive chemicals (EDCs) including Nonylphenol (NP), bisphenol-A (BPA), Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and a mixture of the three chemicals for 21 days, followed by determination of the liver transcriptome by expression microarrays. Pathway analysis revealed a distinct mode of action for the individual chemicals and their mixture. The results showed expression changes in over 980 genes in response to exposure to these EDC contaminants individually and in mixture. Ingenuity Pathway core and toxicity analysis were used to identify the biological processes, pathways and the top regulators affected by these compounds. A number of canonical pathways were significantly altered, including cell cycle & proliferation, lipid metabolism, inflammatory, innate immune response, stress response, and drug metabolism. We identified 18 genes that were expressed in all individual and mixed treatments. Relevant candidate genes identified from expression microarray data were verified using quantitative PCR. We were also able to identify specific genes affected by NP, BPA, and DEHP individually, but were also affected by exposure to the mixture of the contaminants. Overall the results of this study provide novel information on the adverse health impact of contaminants tested based on pathway analysis of transcriptome data. Furthermore, the results identify a number of new biomarkers that can potentially be used for screening environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Zare
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Darren Henry
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gordon Chua
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paul Gordon
- Cumming School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Hamid R. Habibi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Hamid R. Habibi
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19
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Afonso-Olivares C, Sosa-Ferrera Z, Santana-Rodríguez JJ. Occurrence and environmental impact of pharmaceutical residues from conventional and natural wastewater treatment plants in Gran Canaria (Spain). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:934-943. [PMID: 28505885 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The presence and fate of pharmaceutical residues in environmental samples are of great interest. There is a vast number of studies published regarding their input, presence, effects and risks in ecosystems. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the primary source of input of these contaminants in the environment is from Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs). It is therefore essential to evaluate the efficiency of commonly used treatments and the necessity of applying novel purification processes in order to eliminate or reduce the concentration of pharmaceuticals from wastewater or from the effluent of WWTPs. The aim of this work was to quantify twenty-three pharmaceutical compounds in the aqueous phase at different stages of a conventional and a natural WWTP situated in Gran Canaria (Spain). The results indicate concentration levels in the range of 0.004±0.001 to 59.2±11.7μgL-1 and 0.018±0.001 to 148±14.7μgL-1 from conventional and natural WWTPs, respectively. Better efficiency was, however, offered by the conventional WWTP with a removal median of 99.7%. In addition, the impact on different aquatic organisms (algae, daphnids and fish) was assessed in terms of risk quotients. The results reveal a possible highly harmful effect towards organisms by gemfibrozil, ibuprofen and ofloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Afonso-Olivares
- Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Z Sosa-Ferrera
- Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - J J Santana-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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20
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Olmez-Hanci T, Arslan-Alaton I, Doğan M, Khoei S, Fakhri H, Korkmaz G. Enhanced degradation of micropollutants by zero-valent aluminum activated persulfate: assessment of toxicity and genotoxic activity. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 76:3195-3204. [PMID: 29235998 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation of the aqueous Triton™ X-45 (TX-45), iopamidol (IOPA), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and bisphenol A (BPA) solutions via activation of persulfate (PS) with zero-valent aluminum (ZVA) was investigated. The study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the PS/ZVA process in terms of target micropollutants (MPs) and toxicity abatements in raw surface water (RSW) and distilled water (DW). TX-45, CIP and BPA were completely degraded after 90-minute, 120-minute and 40-minute treatment, respectively, with PS/ZVA in DW, whereas 95% IOPA removal was achieved after 120-minute (MPs = 2 mg/L; ZVA = 1 g/L; PS = 0.25 mM for CIP and BPA; PS = 0.50 mM for TX-45 and IOPA; pH = 3). TX-45 (59%), IOPA (29%), CIP (73%) and BPA (46%) removal efficiencies decreased after 120-minute PS/ZVA treatment in RSW. In DW, Vibrio fischeri toxicities of original (untreated) MPs were found as: CIP (51%) > BPA (40%) > TX-45 (15%) > IOPA (1%), and as BPA (100%) > CIP (66%) > IOPA (62%) > TX-45 (35%) in RSW. Acute toxicities of MPs and their degradation products fluctuated during PS/ZVA treatment both in DW and RSW samples and resulted in different relative inhibition values after 120-minute. The original and PS/ZVA-treated TX-45, IOPA and BPA in DW exhibited neither cytotoxic nor genotoxic effects, whereas CIP oxidation ended up in degradation products with genotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Olmez-Hanci
- School of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak Istanbul, Turkey E-mail:
| | - I Arslan-Alaton
- School of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak Istanbul, Turkey E-mail:
| | - M Doğan
- School of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak Istanbul, Turkey E-mail:
| | - S Khoei
- School of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak Istanbul, Turkey E-mail:
| | - H Fakhri
- School of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak Istanbul, Turkey E-mail:
| | - G Korkmaz
- School of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak Istanbul, Turkey E-mail:
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Hemachandra CK, Pathiratne A. Bioassessment of the Effluents Discharged from Two Export Oriented Industrial Zones Located in Kelani River Basin, Sri Lanka Using Erythrocytic Responses of the Fish, Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 99:481-487. [PMID: 28819745 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Complex effluents originating from diverse industrial processes in industrial zones could pose cytotoxic/genotoxic hazards to biota in the receiving ecosystems which cannot be revealed by conventional monitoring methods. This study assessed potential cytotoxicity/genotoxicity of treated effluents of two industrial zones which are discharged into Kelani river, Sri Lanka combining erythrocytic abnormality tests and comet assay of the tropical model fish, Nile tilapia. Exposure of fish to the effluents induced erythrocytic DNA damage and deformed erythrocytes with serrated membranes, vacuolations, nuclear buds and micronuclei showing cytotoxic/genotoxic hazards in all cases. Occasional exceedance of industrial effluent discharge regulatory limits was noted for color and lead which may have contributed to the observed cytotoxicity/genotoxicity of effluents. The results demonstrate that fish erythrocytic responses could be used as effective bioanalytical tools for cytotoxic/genotoxic hazard assessments of complex effluents of industrial zones for optimization of the waste treatment process in order to reduce biological impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Hemachandra
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, GQ, 11600, Sri Lanka
| | - A Pathiratne
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, GQ, 11600, Sri Lanka.
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22
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Hou C, Lu G, Zhao L, Yin P, Zhu L. Estrogenicity assessment of membrane concentrates from landfill leachate treated by the UV-Fenton process using a human breast carcinoma cell line. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 180:192-200. [PMID: 28407549 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Membrane concentrates (MCs) are generated when membranes are used to concentrate landfill leachate. It contains high concentrations of inorganic and organic environmental pollutants, which are highly toxic and carcinogenic. In this paper, the proliferation effect (PE) from MC before and after treatment with the UV-Fenton process was assessed using the human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7. The highest value of 116% was found at 5% (v/v) concentration after a 10 min reaction. Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) play an important role in the MC estrogenicity. Estrogen simulation solutions (ESS) of PAEs were prepared to simulate the changes in estrogenic active substances during the UV-Fenton process. The ESS degradation conformed to the first-order kinetics model. The estrogenicity decreased after an initial increase until it acted in a non-estrogenic manner. Convincingly, the intermediates were determined by GC/MS, and the estrogenicity was assessed during the degradation process. The estrogenicity was highly related to the generation of intermediates and the PAE concentration. The results provide guidance for UV-Fenton application in MC estrogenicity reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcheng Hou
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Pinghe Yin
- Research Center of Analysis and Test, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lingfei Zhu
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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23
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Ragazzo P, Feretti D, Monarca S, Dominici L, Ceretti E, Viola G, Piccolo V, Chiucchini N, Villarini M. Evaluation of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and apoptosis of wastewater before and after disinfection with performic acid. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 116:44-52. [PMID: 28292679 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection with performic acid (PFA) represents an emerging technology in wastewater treatment. Many recent studies indicate its effectiveness and suitability as a disinfectant for different applications; several have demonstrated its reliability as an alternative to chlorine for disinfecting secondary effluents from urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Some disinfection technologies, in relation to their oxidative power, lead to the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), some of which are of concern for their toxic and carcinogenic potential. The aim of this study was to investigate potential genotoxic, cytotoxic, and mutagenic effects of this disinfection agent on treated secondary effluent coming from a municipal WWTP. A strategy with multiple short-term tests and different target cells (bacterial, plant, and mammalian) was adopted to explore a relatively wide range of potential genotoxic events. The Ames test (point mutation in Salmonella), the micronucleus (chromosomal damage) and Comet tests (primary DNA damage) on human hepatic cells (HepG2) were conducted to detect mutagenicity and chromosomal DNA alterations. DNA fragmentation and mitochondrial potential assays were conducted to evaluate apoptosis in the same kinds of cells. Mutagenic and clastogenic effect potentials were evaluated by examining micronucleus formation in Allium cepa root cells. In all the in vitro tests, carried out on both disinfected and non-disinfected effluents, negative results were always obtained for mutagenic and genotoxic effects. In the Allium cepa tests, however, some non-concentrated wastewater samples after PFA treatment induced a slight increase in micronucleus frequencies in root cells, but not in a dose-related manner. In conclusion, PFA applied for disinfection to a secondary effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant did not contribute to the release of genotoxic or mutagenic compounds. Further studies are required to establish to which extent these findings can be generalized to support PFA for other disinfection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ragazzo
- Azienda Servizi Integrati S.p.A., Via Calnova, 31, 30027, San Donà di Piave, VE, Italy.
| | - Donatella Feretti
- University of Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Italy
| | - Silvano Monarca
- University of Perugia, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), Italy
| | - Luca Dominici
- University of Perugia, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ceretti
- University of Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Italy
| | - Gaia Viola
- University of Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Italy
| | - Valentina Piccolo
- Azienda Servizi Integrati S.p.A., Via Calnova, 31, 30027, San Donà di Piave, VE, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Chiucchini
- Azienda Servizi Integrati S.p.A., Via Calnova, 31, 30027, San Donà di Piave, VE, Italy
| | - Milena Villarini
- University of Perugia, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), Italy
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24
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Babić S, Barišić J, Višić H, Sauerborn Klobučar R, Topić Popović N, Strunjak-Perović I, Čož-Rakovac R, Klobučar G. Embryotoxic and genotoxic effects of sewage effluents in zebrafish embryo using multiple endpoint testing. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 115:9-21. [PMID: 28254533 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are often complex mixtures of various organic and inorganic substances. Quality control of wastewaters and sludges has been regulated with measuring several physico-chemical parameters and sometimes using biological methods with non-specific responses, while synergistic action mechanisms of contaminants in such complex mixtures is still unknown. Toxic effects of wastewaters within and downstream of the WWTP in City of Virovitica, Croatia, were tested on zebrafish Danio rerio using a set of biomarkers that enabled an insight in wastewaters toxic potential on embryos at the cellular, tissue and the whole organism level during an early ontogenesis (24 and 48 hpf). Exposure of embryos to the wastewater samples from WWTP Virovitica increased mortality and abnormality rate. Heart rate, spontaneous movements and pigmentation formation were also markedly affected. Biochemical markers confirmed the presence of MXR inhibitors in all tested wastewater samples, indicating the increase of pollutant accumulation in the cell/organism. Also, a tendency of DNA damage decrease measured with Comet assay was evident in wastewater samples downstream from WWTP although control levels were not reached in any environmental sample. Histopathological analysis showed that exposure to tested samples resulted in impaired muscle organization, notochord malformation and retardation in eye and brain development at embryos 48 hpf. Furthermore, semi-quantitative histopathology assessment indicated increased percentage of embryo defects in river water sampled several kilometers downstream from the WWTP, confirming toxic potential of WWTP effluents. Extension of the zebrafish embryotoxicity test (ZET) with biochemical and histopathological biomarkers could serve as a guiding principle in biomonitoring of wastewater contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Babić
- Laboratory for Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josip Barišić
- Laboratory for Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Višić
- Division of Zoology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Natalija Topić Popović
- Laboratory for Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivančica Strunjak-Perović
- Laboratory for Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac
- Laboratory for Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Göran Klobučar
- Division of Zoology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb, Croatia.
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25
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Haq I, Kumar S, Raj A, Lohani M, Satyanarayana GNV. Genotoxicity assessment of pulp and paper mill effluent before and after bacterial degradation using Allium cepa test. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 169:642-650. [PMID: 27912189 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A lignin peroxidases-producing Serratia liquefaciens was used for bioremediation of pulp and paper (P&P) mill effluent. The treatment led to reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD), colour, lignin and phenolic content by 84%, 72%, 61% and 95%, respectively. The effluent detoxification was studied by genotoxicity assays using Allium cepa L. (onion) root tip cells. Genotoxicity studies included measuring mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations (CA) and nuclear abnormalities (NA) in root tip cells following treatment with 25, 50, 75 and 100% (v/v) of effluent. The root tip cells grown in untreated effluent showed a significant decrease in MI from 69% (control) to 32%, 27%, 22% and 11% at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% effluent concentration, respectively. This indicated that the untreated effluent was highly cytotoxic in nature. Further, root tip cells, when treated with different concentrations of effluent showed various CA and NA including c-mitosis, stickiness, chromosome loss, chromosome break, anaphase bridge, multipolar anaphase, vagrant chromosomes, micronucleated and binucleated cells. The MI observed in root tip cells grown in bacterial treated effluents at similar concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100% v/v) showed an increase of 33%, 36%, 42% and 66%. CA showed a substantial decrease and in some instances, complete absence of CA was also observed. The findings suggest that S. liquefaciens culture could be a potential bacterial culture for bioremediation of P&P mill effluent, as it is effective in substantial lowering of pollutants load as well as reduces the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izharul Haq
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Bas-ha Kursi Road, Dashauli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026, India
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhay Raj
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mohtashim Lohani
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Bas-ha Kursi Road, Dashauli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026, India
| | - G N V Satyanarayana
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Al-Saleh I, Elkhatib R, Al-Rajoudi T, Al-Qudaihi G. Assessing the concentration of phthalate esters (PAEs) and bisphenol A (BPA) and the genotoxic potential of treated wastewater (final effluent) in Saudi Arabia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 578:440-451. [PMID: 27836348 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Plasticizers such as phthalate esters (PAEs) and bisphenol A (BPA) are highly persistent organic pollutants that tend to bio-accumulate in humans through the soil-plant-animal food chain. Some studies have reported the potential carcinogenic and teratogenic effects in addition to their estrogenic activities. Water resources are scarce in Saudi Arabia, and several wastewater treatment plants (WTPs) have been constructed for agricultural and industrial use. This study was designed to: (1) measure the concentrations of BPA and six PAEs, dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP), in secondary- and tertiary-treated wastewater collected from five WTPs in three Saudi cities for four to five weeks and (2) test their potential genotoxicity. Three genotoxicological parameters were used: % tail DNA (%T), tail moment (TM) and percentage micronuclei (%MN). Both DBP and DEHP were detected in all treated wastewater samples. DMP, DEP, BBP, DOP, and BPA were found in 83.3, 84.2, 79, 73.7 and 97.4% of the samples, respectively. The levels of DMP (p<0.001), DOP (p<0.001) and BPA (p=0.001) were higher in tertiary- treated wastewater than secondary-treated wastewater, perhaps due to the influence of the molecular weight and polarity of the chemicals. Both weekly sampling frequency and WTP locations significantly affected the variability in our data. Treated wastewater from Wadi Al-Araj was able to induce DNA damage (%T and TM) in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells that was statistically higher than wastewater from all other WTPs and in untreated TK6 cells (negative control). %MN in samples from both Wadi Al-Araj and Manfouah did not differ statistically but was significantly higher than in the untreated TK6 cells. This study also showed that the samples of tertiary-treated wastewater had a higher genotoxicological potential to induce DNA damage than the samples of secondary-treated wastewater. BPA and some PAEs in the treated wastewater might have the potential to induce genetic damage, despite their low levels. Genotoxicity, however, may also have been due to the presence of other contaminants. Our preliminary findings should be of concern to Saudi agriculture because long-term irrigation with treated wastewater could lead to the accumulation of PAEs and BPA in the soil and ultimately reach the human and animal food chain. WTPs need to remove pollutants more efficiently. Until then, a cautious use of treated wastewater for irrigation is recommended to avoid serious health impacts on local populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Al-Saleh
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rola Elkhatib
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahreer Al-Rajoudi
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghofran Al-Qudaihi
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Technical Performance and Environmental Effects of the Treated Effluent of Wastewater Treatment Plants in the Shenzhen Bay Catchment, China. SUSTAINABILITY 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/su8100984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Comet assay: an essential tool in toxicological research. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2315-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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