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Yu W, Tang S, Wong JWC, Luo Z, Li Z, Thai PK, Zhu M, Yin H, Niu J. Degradation and detoxification of 6PPD-quinone in water by ultraviolet-activated peroxymonosulfate: Mechanisms, byproducts, and impact on sediment microbial community. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 263:122210. [PMID: 39106621 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPD-Q) has been identified to induce acute toxicity to multifarious aquatic organisms at exceptionally low concentrations. The ubiquity and harmful effects of 6PPD-Q emphasize the critical need for its degradation from water ecosystems. Herein, we explored the transformation of 6PPD-Q by an ultraviolet-activated peroxymonosulfate (UV/PMS) system, focusing on mechanism, products and toxicity variation. Results showed that complete degradation of 6PPD-Q was achieved when the initial ratio of PMS and 6PPD-Q was 60:1. The quenching experiments and EPR tests indicated that SO4•- and •OH radicals were primarily responsible for 6PPD-Q removal. Twenty-one degradation products were determined through high-resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry, and it was postulated that hydroxylation, oxidative cleavage, quinone decomposition, ring oxidation, as well as rearrangement and deamination were the major transformation pathways of 6PPD-Q. Toxicity prediction revealed that all identified products exhibited lower acute and chronic toxicities to fish, daphnid and green algae compared to 6PPD-Q. Exposure experiments also uncovered that 6PPD-Q considerably reduced the community diversity and altered the community assembly and functional traits of the sediment microbiome. However, we discovered that the toxicity of 6PPD-Q degradation solutions was effectively decreased, suggesting the superior detoxifying capability of the UV/PMS system for 6PPD-Q. These findings highlight the underlying detrimental impacts of 6PPD-Q on aquatic ecosystems and enrich our understanding of the photochemical oxidation behavior of 6PPD-Q.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Yu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Shaoyu Tang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zhujun Luo
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zongrui Li
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510535, China
| | - Phong K Thai
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Minghan Zhu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China; China Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Hua Yin
- China Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Junfeng Niu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
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Wang K, He L, Liu X, Wu M. Sodium p-perfluorinated noneoxybenzen sulfonate (OBS) induced neurotoxicity in zebrafish through mitochondrial dysfunction. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142651. [PMID: 38901702 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS)-one of the main alternatives to perfluorooctane sulfonate-has been increasingly detected in both aquatic environments and human bodies. Therefore, the pathogenic risks of OBS exposure warrant attention, especially its central nervous system toxicity mechanism under long-term exposure. In this study, the effects and mechanisms of OBS on the zebrafish brain at 40 days post exposure were examined. The results demonstrated that at 3.2 μg/L, OBS had no significant effect on the zebrafish brain, but 32 μg/L OBS caused depression or poor social behavior in zebrafish and reduced both their memory and survival ability. These changes were accompanied by histological damage and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, OBS caused the accumulation of excessive reactive oxygen species in the fish brain, leading to oxidative stress and subsequently cell apoptosis. Moreover, an imbalance of both inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α, and NF-κB) and neurotransmitters (GABA and Glu) led to neuroinflammation. Additionally, 32 μg/L OBS induced decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential and Na+-K+-ATPase activity, leading to both mitochondrial structural damage and the emergence of mitochondrial autophagosomes, partly explaining the neurotoxicity of OBS. These results help to analyze the target sites and molecular mechanisms of OBS neurotoxicity and provide a basis for the scientific evaluation of its health risks to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 100866, PR China.
| | - Lu He
- Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 100866, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 100866, PR China
| | - Mengfei Wu
- Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 100866, PR China
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Li B, Shi J, Xiang X, Zhang M, Ge H, Sun S. Exploring the biosynthetic possibilities of hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers from bromophenols in Prorocentrum donghaiense: Implications for bioremediation. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142611. [PMID: 38878983 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Bromophenols has been proven to synthesize hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs), which may pose additional environmental and health risks in the process of bioremediation. In this study, the removal of 2,4-dibromophenol (2,4-DBP) and 2,4,6-tribromophenol (2,4,6-TBP) and the biosynthetic of OH-PBDEs by Prorocentrum donghaiense were explored. The removal efficiencies of 2,4-DBP and 2,4,6-TBP ranged from 32.71% to 76.89% and 31.15%-78.12%, respectively. Low concentrations of 2,4-DBP stimulated algal growth, while high concentrations were inhibitory. Furthermore, exposure to 10.00 mg L-1 2,4-DBP resulted in the detection of 2'-hydroxy-2,3',4,5'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (2'-OH-BDE-68) within P. donghaiense. In contrast, increasing concentrations of 2,4,6-TBP considerably inhibited P. donghaiense growth, with 4'-hydroxy-2,3',4,5',6-pentabromodiphenyl ether (4'-OH-BDE-121) detected within P. donghaiense under 5.00 mg L-1 2,4,6-TBP. Metabolomic analysis further revealed that the synthesized OH-PBDEs exhibited higher toxicity than their precursors and identified the oxidative coupling as a key biosynthetic mechanism. These findings confirm the capacity of P. donghaiense to remove bromophenols and biosynthesize OH-PBDEs from bromophenols, offering valuable insights into formulating algal bioremediation to mitigate bromophenol contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jianghong Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xueling Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mengtao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hui Ge
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shuhan Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Dong M, Yang Z, Gao Q, Deng Q, Li L, Chen H. Protective Effects of Isoliquiritigenin and Licochalcone B on the Immunotoxicity of BDE-47: Antioxidant Effects Based on the Activation of the Nrf2 Pathway and Inhibition of the NF-κB Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:445. [PMID: 38671893 PMCID: PMC11047486 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
2,2',4,4'-Tetrabrominated biphenyl ether (BDE-47) is a polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) homologue that is ubiquitous in biological samples and highly toxic to humans and other organisms. Prior research has confirmed that BDE-47 can induce oxidative damage in RAW264.7 cells, resulting in apoptosis and impaired immune function. The current study mainly focused on how Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) and Licochalcone B (LCB) might protect against BDE-47's immunotoxic effects on RAW264.7 cells. The results show that ISL and LCB could increase phagocytosis, increase the production of MHC-II, and decrease the production of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and co-stimulatory factors (CD40, CD80, and CD86), alleviating the immune function impairment caused by BDE-47. Secondly, both ISL and LCB could reduce the expressions of the proteins Bax and Caspase-3, promote the expression of the protein Bcl-2, and reduce the apoptotic rate, alleviating the apoptosis initiated by BDE-47. Additionally, ISL and LCB could increase the levels of antioxidant substances (SOD, CAT, and GSH) and decrease the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby counteracting the oxidative stress induced by BDE-47. Ultimately, ISL and LCB suppress the NF-κB pathway by down-regulating IKBKB and up-regulating IκB-Alpha in addition to activating the Nrf2 pathway and promoting the production of HO-1 and NQO1. To summarize, BDE-47 causes oxidative damage that can be mitigated by ISL and LCB through the activation of the Nrf2 pathway and inhibition of the NF-κB pathway, which in turn prevents immune function impairment and apoptosis. These findings enrich the current understanding of the toxicological molecular mechanism of BDE-47 and the detoxification mechanism of licorice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China; (M.D.); (Z.Y.); (Q.G.); (Q.D.); (L.L.)
- Pharmacology Department, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China
| | - Ziying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China; (M.D.); (Z.Y.); (Q.G.); (Q.D.); (L.L.)
- Pharmacology Department, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China; (M.D.); (Z.Y.); (Q.G.); (Q.D.); (L.L.)
- Pharmacology Department, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China
| | - Qingyuan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China; (M.D.); (Z.Y.); (Q.G.); (Q.D.); (L.L.)
- Pharmacology Department, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China
| | - Le Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China; (M.D.); (Z.Y.); (Q.G.); (Q.D.); (L.L.)
- Pharmacology Department, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China; (M.D.); (Z.Y.); (Q.G.); (Q.D.); (L.L.)
- Pharmacology Department, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China
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Liu B, Lehmler HJ, Ye Z, Yuan X, Yan Y, Ruan Y, Wang Y, Yang Y, Chen S, Bao W. Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e243127. [PMID: 38558142 PMCID: PMC10985557 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.3127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are an important group of persistent organic pollutants with endocrine-disrupting properties. However, prospective cohort studies regarding the association of PBDE exposure with long-term health outcomes, particularly mortality, are lacking. Objective To examine the association of environmental exposure to PBDEs with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Design, Setting, and Participants This nationally representative cohort study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003 to 2004 and linked mortality information through December 31, 2019. Adults aged 20 years or older with available data on PBDE measurements and mortality were included. Statistical analysis was performed from February 2022 to April 2023. Exposures PBDE analytes in serum samples were measured using solid phase extraction and isotope dilution gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. Main Outcomes and Measures All-cause mortality, cancer mortality, and cardiovascular mortality. Results This study included 1100 participants (mean [SE] age, 42.9 [0.6] years; proportion [SE] female, 51.8% [1.6%]; proportion [SE] Hispanic, 12.9% [2.7%]; proportion [SE] non-Hispanic Black, 10.5% [1.6%]; proportion [SE] non-Hispanic White, 70.8% [3.7%]; proportion [SE] other race and ethnicity, 5.8% [1.1%]). During 16 162 person-years of follow-up (median [IQR] follow-up, 15.8 [15.2-16.3] years; maximum follow-up, 17 years), 199 deaths occurred. Participants with higher serum PBDE levels were at higher risk for death. After adjustment for age, sex, and race and ethnicity, lifestyle and socioeconomic factors, and body mass index, participants with the highest tertile of serum PBDE levels had an approximately 300% increased risk of cancer mortality (HR, 4.09 [95% CI, 1.71-9.79]) compared with those with the lowest tertile of serum PBDE levels. No significant association of PBDE exposure with all-cause mortality (HR, 1.43 [95% CI, 0.98-2.07]) or cardiovascular mortality (HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.41-2.08]) was observed. Conclusions and Relevance In this nationally representative cohort study, PBDE exposure was significantly associated with an increased risk of cancer mortality. Further studies are needed to replicate the findings and determine the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyun Liu
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Institute of Public Health Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Ziyi Ye
- Institute of Public Health Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xing Yuan
- Institute of Public Health Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuxiang Yan
- Institute of Public Health Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuntian Ruan
- Institute of Public Health Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Public Health Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Institute of Public Health Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shuhan Chen
- Institute of Public Health Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Institute of Public Health Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Zhang X, Huang Y, Yang L, Chen S, Liu Y, Tang N, Li Z, Zhang X, Li L, Chen D. Dietary exposure to 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) induces oxidative damage promoting cell apoptosis primarily via mitochondrial pathway in the hepatopancreas of carp, Cyprinus carpio. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 274:116192. [PMID: 38461574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the mechanisms of BDE-47 on hepatotoxicity in fish, this study examined the effects of dietary exposure to BDE-47 (40 and 4000 ng/g) on carp for 42 days. The results showed that BDE-47 significantly increased carp's condition factor and hepatosomatic index. Pathological results revealed unclear hepatic cord structure, hepatocytes swelling, cellular vacuolization, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the hepatopancreas of carp. Further investigation showed that ROS levels significantly increased on days 7, 14, and 42. Moreover, the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, GSH, CAT, and GST increased significantly from 1 to 7 days, and the transcription levels of antioxidant enzymes CAT, Cu-Zn SOD, Mn-SOD, GST, and GPX, and antioxidant pathway genes Keap1, Nrf2, and HO-1 changed significantly at multiple time-points during the 42 days. The results of apoptosis pathway genes showed that the mitochondrial pathway genes Bax, Casp3, and Casp9 were significantly upregulated and Bcl2 was significantly downregulated, while the transcription levels of FADD and PERK were significantly enhanced. These results indicate that BDE-47 induced oxidative damage in hepatopancreas, then it promoted cell apoptosis mainly through the mitochondrial pathway. This study provides a foundation for analyzing the mechanism of hepatotoxicity induced by BDE-47 on fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yujie Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Yuxi Agriculture Vocation-Technical College, 41 Xiangjiazhuang Road, Yuxi, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuhuang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Youlian Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ni Tang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Institute of Fisheries Research, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, 200 Nongke Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liangyu Li
- Institute of Fisheries Research, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, 200 Nongke Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Miranda RG, Guarache GC, Leão AHFF, Pereira GJ, Dorta DJ. BDE-47-mediated cytotoxicity via autophagy blockade in 3D HepaRG spheroids cultured in alginate microcapsules. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 388:110831. [PMID: 38101597 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) are a major class of brominated flame retardants, and their widespread use has led them to be considered contaminants with emerging concern. PBDEs have been detected in the indoor air, house dust, food, and all environmental compartments. The congener BDE-47 (2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether) is the most prevalent, and hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, immunological changes, endocrine disruption, and genotoxic potential have been related to its exposure. Although the BDE-47 molecular toxicity pathway is directly related to intrinsic apoptotic cell death, the role of autophagy in BDE-47 toxicity remains unclear. In this context, three-dimensional cell culture has emerged as a good strategy for the replacement of animals in toxicological testing. Here, we used HepaRG spheroids cultured in alginate microcapsules to investigate the role of autophagy in BDE-47-mediated hepatotoxicity. We developed mature and functional HepaRG spheroids by culturing them in alginate microcapsules. Histological analysis revealed that HepaRG spheroids formed an extracellular matrix and stored glycogen. No apoptotic and/or necrotic cores were observed. BDE-47 showed concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxicity in HepaRG spheroids. In the early exposure period, BDE-47 initially disrupted mitochondrial activity and increased the formation of acid compartments that promoted the increase in autophagic activity; however, this autophagy was blocked, and long-term exposure to BDE-47 promoted efficient apoptotic cell death through autophagy blockade, as evidenced by an increased number of fragmented/condensed nuclei. Therefore, for the first time, we demonstrated BDE-47 toxicity and its cell pathway induces cell death using a three-dimensional liver cell culture, the HepaRG cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Ghiraldelli Miranda
- Univesity of São Paulo (USP), School of Phamaceutical Science of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil; Department of Life Science of the University of Coimbra, 3000, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Gabriel Cicolin Guarache
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Anderson Henrique F F Leão
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo José Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Junqueira Dorta
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Química, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactivies (INCT-DATREM), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute os Chemistry, Araraquara, SP, 14800-060, Brazil.
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8
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, (Ron) Hoogenboom L, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Wallace H, Benford D, Fürst P, Hart A, Rose M, Schroeder H, Vrijheid M, Ioannidou S, Nikolič M, Bordajandi LR, Vleminckx C. Update of the risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8497. [PMID: 38269035 PMCID: PMC10807361 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2011 risk assessment on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food, focusing on 10 congeners: BDE-28, -47, -49, -99, -100, -138, -153, -154, -183 and ‑209. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the neurodevelopmental effects on behaviour and reproductive/developmental effects are the critical effects in rodent studies. For four congeners (BDE-47, -99, -153, -209) the Panel derived Reference Points, i.e. benchmark doses and corresponding lower 95% confidence limits (BMDLs), for endpoint-specific benchmark responses. Since repeated exposure to PBDEs results in accumulation of these chemicals in the body, the Panel estimated the body burden at the BMDL in rodents, and the chronic intake that would lead to the same body burden in humans. For the remaining six congeners no studies were available to identify Reference Points. The Panel concluded that there is scientific basis for inclusion of all 10 congeners in a common assessment group and performed a combined risk assessment. The Panel concluded that the combined margin of exposure (MOET) approach was the most appropriate risk metric and applied a tiered approach to the risk characterisation. Over 84,000 analytical results for the 10 congeners in food were used to estimate the exposure across dietary surveys and age groups of the European population. The most important contributors to the chronic dietary Lower Bound exposure to PBDEs were meat and meat products and fish and seafood. Taking into account the uncertainties affecting the assessment, the Panel concluded that it is likely that current dietary exposure to PBDEs in the European population raises a health concern.
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Pan EZ, Xin Y, Li XQ, Wu XY, Tan XL, Dong JQ. Ameliorative effects of silybin against avermectin-triggered carp spleen mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis through inhibition of PERK-ATF4-CHOP signaling pathway. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:895-910. [PMID: 37542703 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the splenic tissue damage of environmental biological drug avermectin to freshwater cultured carp and to evaluate the effect of silybin on the splenic tissue damage of carp induced by avermectin. A total of 60 carp were divided into 4 groups with 15 carp in each group, including the control group fed with basic diet, experimental group fed with basal diet and exposed to avermectin (avermectin group), experimental group fed with basal diet supplement silybin (silybin group), and experimental group fed with basal diet supplement silybin and exposed to avermectin (silybin + avermectin group). The whole test period lasted for 30 days, and spleen tissue was collected for analysis. In this study, H&E staining, mitochondrial purification and membrane potential detection, ATP detection, DHE staining, biochemical tests, qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and apoptosis staining were used to evaluate the biological processes of spleen tissue injury, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. The results show that silybin protected carp splenic tissue damage caused by chronic avermectin exposure, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased ATP content, ROS accumulation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Silybin may ameliorate the splenic tissue damage of cultured freshwater carp caused by environmental biopesticide avermectin by alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibiting PERK-ATF4-CHOP-driven mitochondrial apoptosis. Adding silybin into the diet becomes a feasible strategy to resist the pollution of avermectin and provides a theoretical basis for creating a good living environment for freshwater carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Zhuang Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Yue Xin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Xue-Qing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Xue-Lian Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Jing-Quan Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
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10
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Xue J, Xiao Q, Zhang M, Li D, Wang X. Toxic Effects and Mechanisms of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13487. [PMID: 37686292 PMCID: PMC10487835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of flame retardants used in plastics, textiles, polyurethane foam, and other materials. They contain two halogenated aromatic rings bonded by an ester bond and are classified according to the number and position of bromine atoms. Due to their widespread use, PBDEs have been detected in soil, air, water, dust, and animal tissues. Besides, PBDEs have been found in various tissues, including liver, kidney, adipose, brain, breast milk and plasma. The continued accumulation of PBDEs has raised concerns about their potential toxicity, including hepatotoxicity, kidney toxicity, gut toxicity, thyroid toxicity, embryotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, and immunotoxicity. Previous studies have suggested that there may be various mechanisms contributing to PBDEs toxicity. The present study aimed to outline PBDEs' toxic effects and mechanisms on different organ systems. Given PBDEs' bioaccumulation and adverse impacts on human health and other living organisms, we summarize PBDEs' effects and potential toxicity mechanisms and tend to broaden the horizons to facilitate the design of new prevention strategies for PBDEs-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Xue
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (Q.X.); (M.Z.); (D.L.)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaofei Wang
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (Q.X.); (M.Z.); (D.L.)
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11
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El-Fakharany ZS, Nissan YM, Sedky NK, Arafa RK, Abou-Seri SM. New proapoptotic chemotherapeutic agents based on the quinolone-3-carboxamide scaffold acting by VEGFR-2 inhibition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11346. [PMID: 37443185 PMCID: PMC10444817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38264-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we designed and synthesized a series of new quinoline derivatives 10a-p as antiproliferative agents targeting cancer through inhibition of VEGFR-2. Preliminary molecular docking to assess the interactions of the designed derivatives with the binding site of VEGFR-2 (PDB code: 4ASD) displayed binding poses and interactions comparable to sorafenib. The synthesized compounds exhibited VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity with IC50 ranging from 36 nM to 2.23 μM compared to sorafenib (IC50 = 45 nM), where derivative 10i was the most potent. Additionally, the synthesized derivatives were evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cancer cell line. Seven compounds 10a, 10c, 10d, 10e, 10i, 10n and 10o (IC50 = 4.60, 4.14, 1.07, 0.88, 1.60, 2.88 and 2.76 μM respectively) displayed better antiproliferative activity than sorafenib (IC50 = 8.38 μM). Compound 10i was tested against Transformed Human Liver Epithelial-2 normal cell line (THLE-2) to evaluate its selective cytotoxicity. Furthermore, 10i, as a potent representative of the series, was assayed for its apoptotic activity and cell cycle kinetics' influence on HepG2, its effects on the gene expression of VEGFR-2, and protein expression of the apoptotic markers Caspase-7 and Bax. Compound 10i proved to have a potential role in apoptosis by causing significant increase in the early and late apoptotic quartiles, a remarkable activity in elevating the relative protein expression of Bax and Caspase-7 and a significant reduction of VEGFR-2 gene expression. Collectively, the obtained results indicate that compound 10i has a promising potential as a lead compound for the development of new anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab S El-Fakharany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Cairo, 12451, Egypt
| | - Yassin M Nissan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Cairo, 12451, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Nada K Sedky
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted By Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reem K Arafa
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza, 12578, Egypt.
- Drug Design and Discovery Lab, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo, 12578, Egypt.
| | - Sahar M Abou-Seri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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12
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BDE-47 Induces Immunotoxicity in RAW264.7 Macrophages through the Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052036. [PMID: 36903282 PMCID: PMC10004313 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are classic and emerging pollutants that are potentially harmful to the human immune system. Research on their immunotoxicity and mechanisms suggests that they play an important role in the resulting pernicious effects of PBDEs. 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabrominated biphenyl ether (BDE-47) is the most biotoxic PBDE congener, and, in this study, we evaluated its toxicity toward RAW264.7 cells of mouse macrophages. The results show that exposure to BDE-47 led to a significant decrease in cell viability and a prominent increase in apoptosis. A decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and an increase in cytochrome C release and caspase cascade activation thus demonstrate that cell apoptosis induced by BDE-47 occurs via the mitochondrial pathway. In addition, BDE-47 inhibits phagocytosis in RAW264.7 cells, changes the related immune factor index, and causes immune function damage. Furthermore, we discovered a significant increase in the level of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the regulation of genes linked to oxidative stress was also demonstrated using transcriptome sequencing. The degree of apoptosis and immune function impairment caused by BDE-47 could be reversed after treatment with the antioxidant NAC and, conversely, exacerbated by treatment with the ROS-inducer BSO. These findings indicate that oxidative damage caused by BDE-47 is a critical event that leads to mitochondrial apoptosis in RAW264.7 macrophages, ultimately resulting in the suppression of immune function.
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13
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Yu X, Jin X, Liu H, Yu Y, Tang J, Zhou R, Yin A, Sun J, Zhu L. Enhanced degradation of atrazine through UV/bisulfite: Mechanism, reaction pathways and toxicological analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159157. [PMID: 36195145 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine residue in the environment continues to threaten aquatic ecosystem and human health owing to its adverse effect. However, limited researches focused on degradation mechanism of atrazine by UV/bisulfite, especially risk of intermediates at cellular and molecular level has not been seriously elaborated. In current work, transformation patterns and residual toxicity of intermediates of atrazine by UV/bisulfite were systematically investigated. The atrazine degradation was described by a pseudo first-order kinetic model (Kobs = 0.1053 min-1). The presence of H2PO4-, HCO3- and HA had a powerful inhibition. Scavenging test of radicals illustrated that SO4•-, •OH and O2•- existed in UV/bisulfite system, SO4•- and •OH were mainly responsible for atrazine degradation. Eight degradation intermediates were identified, which were involved in dealkylation, alkyl oxidation, dechlorination-hydroxylation, and alkylic-hydroxylation. E. coli as a model microorganism was selected to assess the risk of degradation intermediates. The levels of reactive oxygen species, MDA and Na+/K+-ATPase were declined, suggesting that oxidative damage induced by these intermediates was weakened. According to differential metabolites expression analysis, several key metabolites including aspartate, L-tryptophan, L-asparagine, cytidine, cytosin, stearic acid, behenic acid, were up-regulated, and glutathione, cadaverin, L-2-hydroxyglutaric acid and phytosphingosine were downregulated, clarifying that effective detoxification of atrazine can be performed by UV/bisulfite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Rujin Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Aiguo Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianteng Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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14
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Xue D, Wei J, Lu W, Xia B, Li S, Liu D, Liu N, Wang X, Lin G. BDE-47 disturbs the immune response of lymphocytes to LPS by downregulating NF-κB pathway. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136562. [PMID: 36152834 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The health risks associated with 2,2',4,4'-tetra-bromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) have become an increasing concern due to its widespread presence in the environment and biological samples. To date, the potential toxicity of BDE-47 to immune system remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to study the immunotoxicity of BDE-47 using spleen-derived lymphocytes in vitro and BALB/c mice in vivo. In vitro results showed that lymphocytes exposed to 12.5-100 μM BDE-47 exhibited unchanged cell viability but decreased release of IL-6 and TNF-α when responding to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The expression levels of p-p65, p-IκBα, TrkA and p-Akt involved in NF-κB pathway were obviously decreased, and NF-κB activator PMA could recover the BDE-47-induced inhibitory effect on IL-6 and TNF-α release by lymphocytes in response to LPS. In vivo data showed that BDE-47 orally administered to mice (1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg per day, 30 days) did not significantly affect body weight, organ index and histomorphology of spleen. However, ELISA assay showed that serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels from BDE-47-treated mice after intraperitoneal injection of LPS were significantly reduced, and high-throughput mouse cytokines screening found 13 more cytokines down-regulated in the serum. Transcriptomic sequencing of spleens identified 488 differential expressed genes (DEGs). GO enrichment analysis of these DEGs suggested that the GO term of response to LPS (GO: 0032,496) was significantly involved. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the down-regulated DEGs significantly enriched in multiple immune-related signaling pathways including the NF-κB signaling pathway (mmu04064). Overall, these data suggested that BDE-47 could negatively regulate NF-κB signaling pathways to inhibit the immune response of lymphocytes to LPS, suggesting that exposures to BDE-47 may disturb the immune balance and increase the body's susceptibility to infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahui Xue
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China
| | - Jinhua Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China
| | - Wencan Lu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Beibei Xia
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China
| | - Shasha Li
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China
| | - Dongmeng Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Institute of Environment and Health, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China
| | - Guimiao Lin
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China.
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15
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Guo Z, Zhou H, Yin H, Wei X, Dang Z. Functional bacterial consortium responses to biochar and implications for BDE-47 transformation: Performance, metabolism, community assembly and microbial interaction. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 313:120120. [PMID: 36084739 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The influence of biochar on the biodegradation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has been extensively studied. However, the underlying mechanisms behind the response of functional microbial consortia to biochar remain poorly understood. Herein, we systematically explored the effect of biochar on 2,2',4,4'-tetrabrominated ether (BDE-47) biodegradation, and investigated the interaction and assembly mechanism of the functional bacterial consortium QY2. The results revealed that the biodegradation efficiency of QY2 for BDE-47 increased from 53.85% to 94.11% after the addition of biochar. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix and electrochemical analysis showed that biochar-attached biofilms were rich in redox-active extracellular polymeric substances (EPS, 3.03-fold higher than free cell), whose strong interaction with biochar facilitated the electron transfer of the biofilm, thus enhancing the debromination degradation of BDE-47. Meanwhile, the assembly model and molecular ecological networks analysis indicated that bacterial community assembly in biofilms was more driven by deterministic processes (environmental selection >75.00%) upon biochar stimulation and exhibited closer interspecific cooperative interactions, leading to higher biodiversity and broader habitat niche breadth for QY2 in response to BDE-47 disturbance. Potential degraders (Methylobacterium, Sphingomonas, Microbacterium) and electrochemical bacteria (Ochrobactrum) were selectively enriched, whose role as keystone bacteria may be participated in biofilm formation and redox-active EPS secretion (r > 0.5, P < 0.05). These findings deepen the understanding of the mechanisms by which biochar promotes microbial degradation of PBDEs and provided a theoretical basis for better regulation of functional bacterial communities during environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyu Guo
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Heyang Zhou
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hua Yin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xipeng Wei
- Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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16
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Li ZW, Wang JH. Analysis of the functional gene of degrading BDE-47 by Acinetobacter pittii GB-2 based on transcriptome sequencing. Gene 2022; 844:146826. [PMID: 35998843 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
2,2',4,4'-tetrabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-47) is one of the most widely distributed PBDEs. BDE-47 is also the most abundant in organisms and the most toxic to humans and animals. Herein, we have studied the pathway of BDE-47 degradation and gene involvement in Acinetobacter pittii GB-2. This degradation is dominated by hydroxylation, resulting in hydroxylated products 6-OH-BDE-47, 5-OH-BDE-47 and 2'-OH-BDE-28, and bromophenol products 2,4-DBP and 4-BP. Transcriptome sequencing results showed 359 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced by BDE-47, of which 159 were up-regulated and 200 were down-regulated. The up-regulated ones were mainly related to substance transport, degradation and cell stress. From these results, we suggest that 1,2-dioxygenase, phenol hydroxylase and monooxygenase are involved in BDE-47 degradation. The function of AntA gene was identified by constructing a prokaryotic expression vector. Our study contributes to understanding how the metabolism of strain GB-2 changes under BDE-47 stress conditions, and sheds light on the mechanism of BDE-47 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wei Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Ji-Hua Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China.
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17
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Qi X, Yin H, Zhu M, Shao P, Dang Z. Understanding the role of biochar in affecting BDE-47 biodegradation by Pseudomonas plecoglossicida: An integrated analysis using chemical, biological, and metabolomic approaches. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118679. [PMID: 35661509 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biochar-assisted microbial degradation technology is considered as an important strategy to eliminate organic pollutants, but the mechanism of biochar in affecting biodegradation has not been systematically studied. To address this knowledge gap, the effect of various biochars on biodegradation of different initial concentrations of BDE-47 by Pseudomonas plecoglossicida was investigated. The results showed that biochar exhibited significant promotion to the biodegradation of BDE-47, especially at concentrations of BDE-47 above 100 μg/L. The promotion effect was negatively influenced by the aromaticity and micropore volume of biochar. Biochar alleviated the cytotoxicity of BDE-47 to P. plecoglossicida and promoted cell proliferation based on toxicity assays. Additionally, biochar acted as shelter and stimulated the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances, which might support P. plecoglossicida to struggle with extreme conditions. Metabolomic analysis indicated that biochar resulted in upregulation expression of 38 metabolites in P. plecoglossicida. These upregulated metabolites were mainly related to glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, citrate cycle, and serial amino acid metabolism, suggesting that biochar could improve the BDE-47 biodegradation via enhancing oxidative metabolism and energy supply of the bacterial cells. This work elucidates how biochar can affect BDE-47 biodegradation and provides insights for the application prospect of biochar-assisted microbial degradation technology in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qi
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hua Yin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Minghan Zhu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Pengling Shao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, China
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18
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Yu Y, Mo W, Zhu X, Yu X, Sun J, Deng F, Jin L, Yin H, Zhu L. Biodegradation of tricresyl phosphates isomers by a novel microbial consortium and the toxicity evaluation of its major products. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154415. [PMID: 35276152 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel microbial consortium ZY1 capable of degrading tricresyl phosphates (TCPs) was isolated, it could quickly degrade 100% of 1 mg/L tri-o-cresyl phosphate (ToCP), tri-p-cresyl phosphate (TpCP) and tri-m-cresyl phosphate (TmCP) within 36, 24 and 12 h separately and intracellular enzymes occupied the dominated role in TCPs biodegradation. Additionally, triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP), bisphenol-A bis (diphenyl phosphate) (BDP), tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) could also be degraded by ZY1 and the aryl-phosphates was easier to be degraded. The TCPs reduction observed in freshwater and seawater indicated that high salinity might weak the degradability of ZY1. The detected degradation products suggested that TCPs was mainly metabolized though the hydrolysis and hydroxylation. Sequencing analysis presented that the degradation of TCPs relied on the cooperation between sphingobacterium, variovorax and flavobacterium. The cytochrome P450/NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and phosphatase were speculated might involve in TCPs degradation. Finally, toxicity evaluation study found that the toxicity of the diesters products was lower than their parent compound based on the generation of the intracellular reactive oxygen (ROS) and the apoptosis rate of A549 cell. Taken together, this research provided a new insight for the bioremediation of TCPs in actual environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Wentao Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Xifen Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Jianteng Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China.
| | - Fucai Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Hua Yin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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19
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In Vitro Antibacterial Mechanism of High-Voltage Electrostatic Field against Acinetobacter johnsonii. Foods 2022; 11:foods11070955. [PMID: 35407042 PMCID: PMC8997369 DOI: 10.3390/foods11070955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial properties and mechanisms of a high-voltage static electric field (HVEF) in Acinetobacter johnsonii, which were assessed from the perspective of biochemical properties and stress-related genes. The time/voltage-kill assays and growth curves showed that an HVEF decreased the number of bacteria and OD600 values. In addition, HVEF treatment caused the leakage of cell contents (nucleic acids and proteins), increased the electrical conductivity and amounts of reactive oxygen substances (ROS) (16.88 fold), and decreased the activity of Na+ K+-ATPase in A. johnsonii. Moreover, the changes in the expression levels of genes involved in oxidative stress and DNA damage in the treated A. johnsonii cells suggested that HVEF treatment could induce oxidative stress and DNA sub-damage. This study will provide useful information for the development and application of an HVEF in food safety.
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Michałowicz J, Włuka A, Bukowska B. A review on environmental occurrence, toxic effects and transformation of man-made bromophenols. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 811:152289. [PMID: 34902422 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Brominated phenols (BPs) of anthropogenic origin are aromatic substances widely used in the industry as flame retardants (FRs) and pesticides as well as the components of FRs and polymers. In this review, we have focused on describing 2,4-dibromophenol (2,4-DBP), 2,4,6-tribromophenol (2,4,6-TBP) and pentabromophenol (PBP), which are the most commonly used in the industry and are the most often detected in the air, aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and the human body. This review describes human-related sources of these BPs that influence their occurrence in the environment (atmosphere, surface water, sediment, soil, biota), indoor air and dust, food, drinking water and the human organism. Data from in vitro and in vivo studies showing 2,4-DBP, 2,4,6-TBP and PBP toxicity, including their estrogenic activity, effects on development and reproduction, perturbations of cellular redox balance and cytotoxic action have been described. Moreover, the processes of BPs transformation that occur in human and other mammals, plants and bacteria have been discussed. Finally, the effect of abiotic factors (e.g. UV irradiation and temperature) on BPs conversion to highly toxic brominated dioxins and brominated furans as well as polybrominated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers has been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaromir Michałowicz
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Pomorska Str. 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anna Włuka
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Pomorska Str. 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bożena Bukowska
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Pomorska Str. 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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21
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Li T, Sun Y, Zeng Y, Sanganyado E, Liang B, Liu W. 6-OH-BDE-47 inhibited proliferation of skin fibroblasts from pygmy killer whale by inducing cell cycle arrest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150561. [PMID: 34624692 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-BDEs) are major transformation products of PBDEs that readily bioaccumulate in the marine food web. Although 6-OH-BDE-47 is frequently and abundantly detected in cetaceans, its potential toxic effects are largely unknown. We explored the toxicological pathways and mechanisms of OH-BDEs by exposing pygmy killer whale skin fibroblast cell lines (PKW-LWHT) to 6-OH-BDE-47 at concentrations ranging from 0.02, 0.2, 2 to 4 μM. The result showed that 6-OH-BDE-47 inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The cell cycle data revealed that the cell cycle was arrest at the G0/G1 phase by 6-OH-BDE-47. Using qPCR and Western blot assay, we found that 6-OH-BDE-47 up-regulated the transcription and expression level of p21 and RB1 and down-regulated the expression level of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA), CDK2, CDK4, cyclin D1, cyclin E2, E2F1, and E2F3 and the cellular phosphorylated RB1. The results showed that 6-OH-BDE-47 was able to arrest the cell cycle of PKW-LWHT cells at G1 phase by changing the expression level of related regulatory genes in G1 stage, and finally inhibit cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Yajing Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Ying Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Edmond Sanganyado
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China.
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China.
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22
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Steil GJ, Buzzo JLA, de Oliveira Ribeiro CA, Filipak Neto F. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers BDE-47 and BDE-99 modulate murine melanoma cell phenotype in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11291-11303. [PMID: 34535858 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16455-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Even with the advances of pharmaceutical industry and treatments, the mortality rate for various types of cancer remains high. In particular, phenotypic alterations of tumor cells concerning drug efflux, migratory and invasive capabilities may represent a hurdle for cancer treatment and contribute to poor prognosis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) used as flame retardants on phenotypic features of melanoma cells that are important for cancer. Murine melanoma B16-F1 (less metastatic) and B16-F10 (more metastatic) cells were exposed to 0.01-1.0 nM of BDE-47 (2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether), BDE-99 (2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether), and the mixture of both (at 0.01 nM) for 24 h (acute exposure) and 15 days (chronic exposure). The polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) did not affect cell viability but led to increased drug efflux transporter activity, cell migration, and colony formation, as well as overexpression of Abcc2 (ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 2), Mmp-2 (matrix metalloproteinase-2), Mmp-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9), and Tp53 (tumor protein p53) genes and downregulation of Timp-3 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3) gene in B16-F10 cells. These effects are consistent with increased aggressiveness and malignancy of tumors due to exposure to the flame retardants and raise some concerns on the effects such chemicals may have on melanoma treatment and cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisleine Jarenko Steil
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, PO Box: 19031, CEP, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - João Luiz Aldinucci Buzzo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, PO Box: 19031, CEP, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Filipak Neto
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, PO Box: 19031, CEP, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil.
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Xu L, Wang Y, Song E, Song Y. Nucleophilic and redox properties of polybrominated diphenyl ether derived-quinone/hydroquinone metabolites are responsible for their neurotoxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126697. [PMID: 34329100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a category of brominated flame retardants, which were widely used in industrial products since the 1970 s. Our previous studies indicated quinone-type metabolites of PBDEs (PBDE-Qs) cause neurotoxicity, however, their inherent toxicological mechanism remains unclear. Here, we first synthesized PBDE-Qs and corresponding reduced hydroquinone homologous (PBDE-HQs) with different pattern of bromine substitution. Their nucleophilic and redox properties were investigated. PBDE-Qs react with reduced glutathione (GSH) via Michael addition and bromine displacement reaction, whilst PBDE-HQs lack the ability of reacting with GSH. Of note, the displacement reaction only occurs with bromine on the quinone ring of PBDE-Qs but not phenyl ring. Next, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis revealed the generation of SQ•-, along with their downstream hydroxyl radical (HO•) and methyl radical (•CH3) through a PBDE quinone/semiquinone/hydroquinone (Q/SQ•-/HQ) futile cycle. In addition, a structure-dependent cytotoxicity pattern was found, the exposure of PBDE-Q/HQ with bromine substitution on the quinone ring resulted in higher level of apoptosis and autophagy in BV2 cells. In conclusion, this work clearly demonstrated that the nucleophilic and redox properties of PBDE-Qs/HQs are responsible for their neurotoxicity, and this finding provide better understanding of neurotoxicity of PBDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Erqun Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China.
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24
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Sun S, Zhao Z, Rao Q, Li X, Ruan Z, Yang J. BDE-47 induces nephrotoxicity through ROS-dependent pathways of mitochondrial dynamics in PK15 cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112549. [PMID: 34325200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47)-induced nephrotoxicity is closely associated with oxidative stresses and mitochondrial abnormalities. Mitochondrial fusion and fission dynamics are crucial for maintaining mitochondrial and cellular physiological homeostasis. However, the detailed mechanisms through which BDE-47 disrupts this dynamic and contributes to renal injuries are still not fully understood. The porcine kidney-15 (PK15) cell line, a well-defined in vitro animal renal toxicological model, was exposed to BDE-47 with concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μM, respectively. Cell viability, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and the expression levels of key mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins were assessed. BDE-47 reduced cell viability and disrupted mitochondrial dynamics by inhibiting mitochondrial fusion and fission simultaneously, leading to MMP decreases, ROS overgeneration, ATP depletion, and cellular disintegration in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the mitochondrial division inhibitor (Mdivi-1) with the concentration of 20 μM observed to restore the downregulation of mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins, alleviate damages in mitochondrial morphology and functionality, correct ROS overproduction, and enable cell survival. The antioxidant N-acety-L-cysteine (NAC) with the concentration of 1 mM also simultaneously reversed the imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics, decreased ROS production, and restored mitochondrial morphology in PK15 cells exposed to BDE-47. Our data provide new insights indicating that BDE-47 disrupts mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics to induce mitochondrial abnormalities, triggering oxidative stresses and thus contributing to PK15 cell dysfunction. ROS-dependent pathways in mitochondrial dynamics may provide a new avenue for developing effective strategies to protect cells against BDE-47-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Sun
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Qinxiong Rao
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - XiaoMin Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zheng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Junhua Yang
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China.
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Tang J, Hu B, Zheng H, Qian X, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Xu G, Chen D, Jin X, Li W, Xu L. 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) activates Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediated ROS and NLRP3 inflammasome/p38 MAPK pathway inducing necrosis in cochlear hair cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 221:112423. [PMID: 34146985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is widely used as commercial flame retardants that can be released into the environment and finally enter human body through the food chain. It has been identified to generate neurotoxicity, but little is known about auditory damage and the underlying mechanism following BDE-47 exposure. This study aimed to assess the cell viability with BDE-47 concentration ranging from 0 to 150 μM in mouse organ of Corti-derived cell lines (HEI-OC1). Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as an environmental sensor, reactive oxygen species (ROS), NLRP3 inflammasome and p38 MAPK pathways were detected. Results: (1) BDE-47 inhibited the viability in a time- and dose-dependent way in HEI-OC1 cells. Cell cycle was arrested in G1 phase by BDE-47; (2) Elevated intracellular ROS, LDH levels and necrosis were found, which was alleviated by pretreatment with ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC); (3) AhR plays an essential role in ligand-regulated transcription factor activation by exogenous environmental compounds. We found increased expression of AhR and decreased downstream targets of CYP 1A1 and CYP 1B1 in BDE-47-treated HEI-OC1 cells, which was reversed by the AhR antagonist CH-223191 for 2 h before BDE-47 exposure. No significant change was detected in CYP 2B; (4) Enhanced expressions of NLRP3 and caspase-1 were induced by BDE-47, with up-regulations of both pro-inflammatory factors for IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, and anti-inflammatory factors for IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13, but down-regulation for IL-1α; (5) Additionally, the p38 MAPK signaling pathway was activated with increased phosphorylation levels of MKK/3/6, p38 MAPK and NF-kB. Overall, our findings illustrate a role of AhR in ROS-induced necrosis of cochlear hair cells by BDE-47 exposure, in which NLRP3 inflammasome and p38 MAPK signaling pathways are activated. The current study first elucidates the sense of hearing damage induced by BDE-47, and cell-specific or mixture exposures in vivo or human studies are needed to confirm this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Department of Pathology, The Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Pathology, The Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Huaping Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Xiaolan Qian
- Department of Pathology, The Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Department of Immunopathology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Deqing Chen
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Wanlu Li
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Long Xu
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China; Department of Public Health, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China.
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26
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Chen T, Tian L, Chen J, Zhao X, Zhou J, Guo T, Sheng Q, Zhu L, Liu J, Lv Z. A Comprehensive Genomic Analysis Constructs miRNA-mRNA Interaction Network in Hepatoblastoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:655703. [PMID: 34422793 PMCID: PMC8377242 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.655703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is a rare disease but nevertheless the most common hepatic tumor in the pediatric population. For patients with advanced HB, the prognosis is dismal and there are limited therapeutic options. Multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) were reported to be involved in HB development, but the miRNA–mRNA interaction network in HB remains elusive. Through a comparison between HB and normal liver samples in the GSE131329 dataset, we detected 580 upregulated differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) and 790 downregulated DE-mRNAs. As for the GSE153089 dataset, the first cluster of differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) were detected between fetal-type tumor and normal liver groups, while the second cluster of DE-miRNAs were detected between embryonal-type tumor and normal liver groups. Through the intersection of these two clusters of DE-miRNAs, 33 upregulated hub miRNAs, and 12 downregulated hub miRNAs were obtained. Based on the respective hub miRNAs, the upstream transcription factors (TFs) were detected via TransmiR v2.0, while the downstream target genes were predicted via miRNet database. The intersection of target genes of respective hub miRNAs and corresponding DE-mRNAs contributed to 250 downregulated candidate genes and 202 upregulated candidate genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses demonstrated the upregulated candidate genes mainly enriched in the terms and pathways relating to the cell cycle. We constructed protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, and obtained 211 node pairs for the downregulated candidate genes and 157 node pairs for the upregulated candidate genes. Cytoscape software was applied for visualizing the PPI network and respective top 10 hub genes were identified using CytoHubba. The expression values of hub genes in the PPI network were subsequently validated through Oncopression database followed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in HB and matched normal liver tissues, resulting in six significant downregulated genes and seven significant upregulated genes. The miRNA–mRNA interaction network was finally constructed. In conclusion, we uncover various miRNAs, TFs, and hub genes as potential regulators in HB pathogenesis. Additionally, the miRNA–mRNA interaction network, PPI modules, and pathways may provide potential biomarkers for future HB theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Tian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jianglong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuhao Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingfeng Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangbin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhibao Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Guo Z, Yin H, Wei X, Zhu M, Lu G, Dang Z. Effects of methanol on the performance of a novel BDE-47 degrading bacterial consortium QY2 in the co-metabolism process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 415:125698. [PMID: 33773249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
2,2',4,4'-tetrabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-47), frequently detected in the environment, is arduous to be removed by conventional biological treatments due to its persistence and toxicity. Herein effects of methanol as a co-metabolic substrate on the biodegradation of BDE-47 was systematically studied by a functional bacterial consortium QY2, constructed through long-term and successive acclimation from indigenous microorganisms. The results revealed that BDE-47 (0.25 mg/L) was completely removed within 7 days in the 2.5 mM methanol treatment group, and its degradation efficiency was 3.26 times higher than that without methanol treatment. The addition of methanol dramatically accelerated the debromination, hydroxylation and phenyl ether bond breakage of BDE-47 by QY2. However, excessive methanol (>5 mM) combined with BDE-47 had strong stress on microbial cells, including significant (p < 0.05) increase of reactive oxygen species level, superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity and malondialdehyde content, even causing 20.65% cell apoptosis and 11.27% death. It was worth noting that the changes of QY2 community structure remained relatively stable after adding methanol, presumably attributed to the important role of the genus Methylobacterium in maintaining the functional and structural stability of QY2. This study deepened our understanding of how methanol as co-metabolite substances stimulated the biodegradation of BDE-47 by microbial consortium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyu Guo
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Yin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xipeng Wei
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Minghan Zhu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Guining Lu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
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28
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Huang W, Yin H, Yang Y, Jin L, Lu G, Dang Z. Influence of the co-exposure of microplastics and tetrabromobisphenol A on human gut: Simulation in vitro with human cell Caco-2 and gut microbiota. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 778:146264. [PMID: 33725607 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pollution becomes an emergent threat to the ecosystem, and its joint effect with organic contaminants will cause more severe consequences. Recently, MPs has been observed in human feces, suggesting that we are exposed to an uncertain danger. In this study, the joint effect of polyethylene microplastics particles (PEMPs) and Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) on human gut was explored through the simulation experiment in vitro with human cell Caco-2 and gut microbiota. The toxicity of TBBPA and PEMPs on Caco-2 human cells was considered by physiological and biochemical indexes such as cell proliferation, cell cycle, reactive oxygen species, lactate dehydrogenase release, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Besides, microbial community diversity, community structure, and function changes of gut microbiota were investigated using Illumina 16S rRNA gene MiSeq sequencing to reveal the influence of TBBPA and PEMPs on human gut microbiota. The results indicated that both PEMPs and TBBPA would deteriorate the status of Caco-2 cells, and TBBPA played a major role in it; meanwhile, PEMPs affected Caco-2 cells at high concentrations. Particularly, TBBPA and PEMPs exhibited a joint effect on Caco-2 cells to a certain degree. TBBPA selectivity inhibited the growth of gram-positive bacteria such as Enterococcus and Lactobacillus, contributing to the thriving of gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia and Bacteroides. The existence of PEMPs would enhance the proportion of Clostridium, Bacteroides, and Escherichia. Community composition changed dramatically with the interference of PEMPs and TBBPA; this was undesirable to the healthy homeostasis of the human gut. PICRUSt analysis determined both PEMPs and TBBPA interfered with the metabolism pathways of gut microbiota. Hence, the threat of MPs and TBBPA to humans should arouse vigilance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wantang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Yin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yuanyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Lizhu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Guining Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
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Wei J, Xiang L, Cai Z. Emerging environmental pollutants hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers: From analytical methods to toxicology research. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:255-279. [PMID: 32608069 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) are of particular concern due to their ubiquitous distribution and adverse health effects. Significant progress has been made in the characterization of OH-PBDEs by using mass spectrometry (MS). In this review, we summarize applications of MS-based techniques in detection, environmental and biota distribution, and potential health risk effects, hoping to unfold an overall picture on account of current knowledge of OH-PBDEs. The analytical methodologies are discussed from sample pretreatment to MS analysis. The methods including gas chromatography-MS (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-MS (LC-MS), and ion mobility spectrometry-MS (IMS-MS) are discussed. GC-MS is the most frequently adopted method in the analysis of OH-PBDEs due to its excellent chromatographic resolution, high sensitivity, and strong ability for unknown identification. LC-MS has been widely used for its high sensitivity and capability of direct analysis. As a newly developed technique, IMS-MS provides high specificity, which greatly facilitates the identification of isomers. OH-PBDEs pervasively existed in both abiotic and biotic samples, including humans, animals, and environmental matrices. Multiple adverse health effects have been reported, such as thyroid hormone disruption, estrogen effects, and neurotoxicity. The reported potential pathological mechanisms are also reviewed. Additionally, MS-based metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics have been shown as promising tools to unveil the molecular mechanisms of the toxicity of OH-PBDEs. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Tang S, Yin H, Yu X, Chen S, Lu G, Dang Z. Transcriptome profiling of Pseudomonas aeruginosa YH reveals mechanisms of 2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabrominated diphenyl ether tolerance and biotransformation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:124038. [PMID: 33265052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic degradation of 2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-47) by Pseudomonas aeruginosa YH (P. aeruginosa YH) were investigated in this study. BDE-47 degradation was mainly through the biological action of intracellular enzymes, and the metabolites included debrominated metabolites (BDE-28 and BDE-7), hydroxylated metabolites (6-OH-BDE-47, 5-OH-BDE-47, 2'-OH-BDE-28 and 4'-OH-BDE-17), and brominated phenols (2,4-DBP and 4-BP). P. aeruginosa YH also exhibited exceptional ability to degrade intermediates, and the degradation rates of 50 μg/L BDE-28, BDE-7, and 2,4-DBP were 68.4%, 82.3% and 92.7% on the 5th day, separately. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that 991 genes were up-regulated, and 923 genes were down-regulated in P. aeruginosa YH after exposure to 0.5 mg/L BDE-47 (FDR ≤ 0.001, |log2Ratio| ≥ 1). The differentially expressed genes were related to transport, metabolism and stress response. Harf inhibitory concentration (IC50) of BDE-47 decreased from 167.5 mg/L to 68.4 mg/L when multidrug efflux pump was inactivated by 20 mg/L andrographolide, indicating that it helped the bacterial tolerance against BDE-47. Moreover, efflux pump inhibition would accelerate the adsorption of BDE-47. The adsorption rate obtained equilibrium at approximately 70% in 2 days, while 5 days in the control group. Degradation efficiency of 2 mg/L BDE-47 decreased from 26.8% to 13.9% when multidrug efflux was suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Yin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Shuona Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guining Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
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Messina CM, Espinosa Ruiz C, Regoli F, Manuguerra S, D'Agostino F, Avellone G, Sprovieri M, Santulli A. BDE-47 exposure modulates cellular responses, oxidative stress and biotransformation related-genes in Mytilus galloprovincialis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:537-546. [PMID: 33217565 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame retardants, characterized by elevated stability in the marine environment, where are accumulated by organisms, inducing a wide panel of negative effects. In this study, some biochemical patterns related to toxicity, biotransformation and oxidative stress, were studied in the marine model system, Mytilus galloprovincialis, exposed to BDE-47. Mussels were fed with microalgae, previously treated with increasing concentrations of PBDEs (maximum dose 100 ng L-1 of BDE-47 per day). After 15 days of treatment, mussels were fed with the same diet without BDE-47, for additional 15 days. Gills and digestive glands were analyzed at T 0, at 15 and 30 days. Histopathological lesions were assessed in digestive glands of contaminated mussels, while expression of genes, related to cell cycle, multidrug resistance, oxidative stress and detoxification was evaluated on both gills and digestive glands. After 15 days, BDE-47 exposure significantly affected the cell activity in digestive gland and, at 30 days, only mussels exposed to the lower doses showed a certain recovery. Regarding the gene expression, both gills and digestive glands showed a significant down-regulation of the target genes at 15 days, although most of them were up-regulated at 30 days in digestive gland. The results on BDE-47 accumulation in mussels revealed a dose-dependent concentration in tissues, which remained elevated after further 15 days of depuration. This trend supports the responses of the biomarkers, indicating that exposure, at environmentally realistic concentrations of BDE-47, strongly modulates oxidative stress and related patterns of gene expression, suggesting concerns for long-term effect in the biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Maria Messina
- University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Marine Science DISTEM, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy; Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino (IAS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Capo Granitola, Trapani, Italy.
| | - Cristobal Espinosa Ruiz
- University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Marine Science DISTEM, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Simona Manuguerra
- University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Marine Science DISTEM, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy
| | - Fabio D'Agostino
- Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino (IAS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Capo Granitola, Trapani, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Avellone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Sprovieri
- Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino (IAS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Capo Granitola, Trapani, Italy
| | - Andrea Santulli
- University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Marine Science DISTEM, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy; Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino (IAS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Capo Granitola, Trapani, Italy; Consorzio Universitario della Provincia di Trapani, Marine Biology Institute. Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy
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Wang B, Wang H, Han D, Chen J, Yin Y. Studying the mixture effects of brominated flame retardants and metal ions by comet assay. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115677. [PMID: 33254668 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the sensitivities of diverse cell lines on DNA damage effects and genotoxic effects of three brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and three metal ions (Cu2+, Cd2+, Hg2+) by comet assay. First, THP-1 was identified as the most sensitive cell line in terms of DNA damage among 11 kinds of cells screened. Accordingly, the THP-1 cell line was used as a model in subsequent single/combined genotoxicity tests. Single exposure tests to BFRs or metal ions revealed that the DNA damage effects increased with increasing exposure concentration. In combined exposure tests, BFRs (at concentrations of 1/2 EC50) were deployed in combination with different concentrations of Cu2+, Cd2+, or Hg2+. The results showed that the % tail DNA values were significantly increased by most mixtures. Our findings on combined toxic effects by comet assay provide valuable information for setting valid environmental safety evaluation standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Daxiong Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Jinming Chen
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yan Yin
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
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Zhuang J, Pan ZJ, Hong FS, Zhu CK, Wu N, Chang G, Wang H, Zhao XX. BDE-47 induced apoptosis in zebrafish embryos through mitochondrial ROS-mediated JNK signaling. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127385. [PMID: 32947675 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
2,2,4,4-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) has received considerable attention because of its high detection level in biological samples and potential developmental toxicity. Here, using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as the experimental animal, we investigated developmental effects of BDE-47 and explored the potential mechanism. Zebrafish embryos at 4 h post-fertilization (hpf) were exposed to 0.312, 0.625 and 1.25 mg/L BDE-47 to 74-120 hpf. We found that BDE-47 instigated a dose-related developmental toxicity, evidenced by reduced embryonic survival and hatching rate, shortened body length and increased aberration rate. Meanwhile, higher doses of BDE-47 reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production but increased apoptosis in zebrafish embryos. Expression of genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) (ndufb8, sdha, uqcrc1, cox5ab and atp5fal) were negatively related to BDE-47 doses in zebrafish embryos. Moreover, exposure to BDE-47 at 0.625 or 1.25 mg/L impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial dynamics. Our data further showed that BDE- 47 exposure induced excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress, which was accompanied by the activation of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK). Antioxidant NAC and JNK inhibition could mitigate apoptosis in embryos and improve embryonic development in BDE-47-treated zebrafish, suggesting the involvement of ROS/JNK pathway in embryonic developmental changes induced by BDE-47. Altogether, our data suggest here that developmental toxicity of BDE-47 may be associated with mitochondrial ROS-mediated JNK signaling in zebrafish embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China.
| | - Zheng-Jun Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China
| | - Fa-Shui Hong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China
| | - Chuan-Kun Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China
| | - Guoliang Chang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China
| | - Xiang-Xiang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China.
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He H, Shi X, Lawrence A, Hrovat J, Turner C, Cui JY, Gu H. 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) induces wide metabolic changes including attenuated mitochondrial function and enhanced glycolysis in PC12 cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110849. [PMID: 32559690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are extensively used as brominated flame retardants in various factory products. As environmental pollutants, the adverse effects of PBDEs on human health have been receiving considerable attention. However, the precise fundamental mechanisms of toxicity induced by PBDEs are still not fully understood. In this study, the mechanism of cytotoxicity induced by 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) was investigated by combining Seahorse XFp analysis and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and flux approaches in PC12 cells, one of the most widely used neuron-like cell lines for investigating cytotoxic effects. The Seahorse results suggest that BDE-47 significantly attenuated mitochondrial respiration and enhanced glycolysis in PC12 cells. Additionally, metabolomics results revealed the reduction of TCA metabolites such as citrate, succinate, aconitate, malate, fumarate, and glutamate after BDE-47 exposure. Metabolic flux analysis showed that BDE-47 exposure reduced the oxidative metabolic capacity of mitochondria in PC12 cells. Furthermore, various altered metabolites were found in multiple metabolic pathways, especially in glycine-serine-threonine metabolism and glutathione metabolism. A total of 17 metabolic features were determined in order to distinguish potentially disturbed metabolite markers of BDE-47 exposure. Our findings provide possible biomarkers of cytotoxic effects induced by BDE-47 exposure, and elicit a deeper understanding of the intramolecular mechanisms that could be used in further studies to validate the potential neurotoxicity of PBDEs in vivo. Based on our results, therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondrial function and the glycolysis pathway may be a promising direction against PBDE exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailang He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, PR China; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Xiaojian Shi
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Alex Lawrence
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Jonathan Hrovat
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Cassidy Turner
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA.
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Artabe AE, Cunha-Silva H, Barranco A. Enzymatic assays for the assessment of toxic effects of halogenated organic contaminants in water and food. A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111677. [PMID: 32810589 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Halogenated organic compounds are a particular group of contaminants consisting of a large number of substances, and of great concern due to their persistence in the environment, potential for bioaccumulation and toxicity. Some of these compounds have been classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) under The Stockholm Convention and many toxicity assessments have been conducted on them previously. In this work we provide an overview of enzymatic assays used in these studies to establish toxic effects and dose-response relationships. Studies in vivo and in vitro have been considered with a particular emphasis on the impact of halogenated compounds on the activity of relevant enzymes to the humans and the environment. Most information available in the literature focuses on chlorinated compounds, but brominated and fluorinated molecules are also the target of increasing numbers of studies. The enzymes identified can be classified as enzymes: i) the activities of which are affected by the presence of halogenated organic compounds, and ii) those involved in their metabolisation/detoxification resulting in increased activities. In both cases the halogen substituent seems to have an important role in the effects observed. Finally, the use of these enzymes in biosensing tools for monitoring of halogenated compounds is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Ereño Artabe
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Hugo Cunha-Silva
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Barranco
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
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Wang W, Zhao X, Ren X, Duan X. Antagonistic effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and BDE-47 in zebrafish (Danio rerio): Oxidative stress, apoptosis and DNA damage. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 225:105546. [PMID: 32574930 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In natural environments, organisms are often exposed to several environmental pollutants at any one time, and the potential effects of such co-exposures on human and environmental health are of considerable concern. It is thought that multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) may interact with other pollutants in aquatic systems and induce considerably different effects compared with exposure to a single contaminant. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential acute combined effects of mixtures of MWCNTs and 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) on embryonic development stages, oxidative stress, apoptosis and DNA damage in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio). The embryos were treated with BDE-47 (5, 10, and 50 μg/L) and MWCNTs (50 mg/L), either combined or individually, for 96 h. Following exposure, BDE-47 induced significant acute toxicity, while the MWCNTs exhibited slight toxicity. When compared with BDE-47-only exposure, the inhibited growth induced by BDE-47 was weakened in the presence of MWCNTs. Similarly, the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers (reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase, catalase activities and malondialdehyde), apoptosis (apoptosis rate, caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities) and DNA damage (comet assay and comet olive tails) decreased in the presence of MWCNTs compared to those exposed to BDE-47 alone. These results demonstrate that MWCNTs can weaken the developmental inhibition, oxidative stress, apoptosis and DNA damage induced by BDE-47 in the early stages of zebrafish development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, Education Department of Jilin Province, Siping, 136000, China
| | - Xuesong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, Education Department of Jilin Province, Siping, 136000, China.
| | - Xin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, Education Department of Jilin Province, Siping, 136000, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Haifeng Street 1301, Tiexi Dist, Siping, 136000, China.
| | - Xiaoyue Duan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, Education Department of Jilin Province, Siping, 136000, China
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Sun MH, Li XH, Xu Y, Xu Y, Sun SC. Exposure to PBDE47 affects mouse oocyte quality via mitochondria dysfunction-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 198:110662. [PMID: 32339927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
2, 2', 4, 4'-Tetrabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE47) is the most abundant homologues in polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and is used widely in daily life as a brominated flame retardant. It has been shown that PBDE47 has neurotoxicity, thyroid toxicity, and also is reported to have reproductive toxicity, which can impair the follicular function of female rats and activate ovarian endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading to ovarian damage. However, the toxicity of PBDE47 to the quality of mammalian oocyte has not been reported. In this study, we reported that PBDE47 exposure affected the mouse ovarian and uterine. We also showed that oocyte number reduced and meiotic maturation competence decreased. Moreover, PBDE47 exposure disrupted actin filaments distribution, and also changed the level of histone methylation. Based on the genome-wide sequencing we showed that PBDE47 altered multiple gene expression in mouse oocytes. PBDE47 exposure caused mitochondria dysfunction, showing with aberrant distribution and mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, our results suggested that PBDE47 induced early apoptosis, which was caused by oxidative stress, showing with increased ROS level and positive Annexin-V signal. In conclusion, our results indicated that PBDE47 exposure affected the maturation of mouse oocyte via its effects on mitochondria function, ROS level and its related apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiao-Han Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yao Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yi Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Yao Y, Zhou Y, Wang W, Zhou D, Wang L, Corvini PFX, Ji R. Fate of lower-brominated diphenyl ethers (LBDEs) in a red soil - Application of 14C-labelling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 721:137735. [PMID: 32169647 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lower-brominated diphenyl ethers (LBDEs) occur ubiquitously in soil, however their fate there has not been well evaluated, mainly owing to that the unavailability of commercial radioactively labelled LBDE congeners hampers the investigation on fate of LBDEs in the environment with complex matrixes, such as soil and sediment. Here, we successfully synthesized three congeners of LBDEs, i.e., 4-bromodiphenyl ether (BDE3), 4,4'-dibromodiphenyl ether (BDE15), and 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE47), with 14C-labelling on one aromatic ring, starting from commercially available 14C-labelled phenol in two steps with high yields and high radiochemical purities. Using the 14C-labelled congeners, we studied the fate of LBDEs in a red soil under oxic conditions, where LBDEs have been frequently detected in high levels. The major fate of the LBDE congeners in the soil was formation of NERs, followed by mineralization to CO2, while no transformation product was detected in the soil after incubation for 105 days. The mineralization strongly decreased with increasing number of the bromine atom on the congener molecule, amounting to 10.4 ± 0.3%, 2.45 ± 0.04%, and 0.51 ± 0.05% for BDE3, BDE15, and BDE47, respectively, at the end of incubation, while mineralization rate constant was independent of the molecular structure, suggesting that solubility of LBDEs is the limit factor for their persistence in soil. The mineralization was positively linearly correlated with the formation of NERs (22.5 ± 1.9%, 11.0 ± 3.6%, and 6.7 ± 2.7% for BDE3, BDE15, and BDE47, respectively), which was mainly located in humin fraction and formed also in sterilized soil, suggesting a binding of transformation intermediates to soil humic substances and a physico-chemical entrapment of LBDEs in soil. The results provide new insights into fate of LBDE congeners in soil, and suggest a need to elucidate nature of the NERs of LBDEs, especially the stability of NERs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dashun Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210089, China
| | - Lianhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Philippe F-X Corvini
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Quanzhou Institute for Environment Protection Industry, Nanjing University, Beifeng Road, 362000 Quanzhou, China.
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Chen F, Feng L, Zheng YL, Lu J, Fan SH, Shan Q, Zheng GH, Wang YJ, Wu DM, Li MQ, Wang QQ, Zhang ZF. 2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) induces mitochondrial dysfunction and related liver injury via eliciting miR-34a-5p-mediated mitophagy impairment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113693. [PMID: 31838391 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is associated with various adverse human health effects; however, the knowledge of its toxicity is still very limited. Mitochondrial injury has been observed in liver cells exposed to BDE-47 in vitro. Mitophagy impairment causes the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, contributing to the pathological mechanisms of liver injury. The aim of this study was to investigate whether BDE-47 impairs mitophagy to trigger mitochondrial dysfunction-related liver injury and the underlying mechanisms. This study revealed that BDE-47 elicited mitochondrial dysfunction and related oxidative liver injury by impairing mitophagy. Moreover, our results showed that NAD+ insufficiency is responsible for BDE-47-mediated mitophagy defect and mitochondrial dysfunction in mouse livers, which was associated with suppression of Sirt3/FoxO3a/PINK1 signaling. Furthermore, our results indicated a potential role of miR-34a-5p in the hepatotoxicity of BDE-47. Mechanistically, BDE-47 dramatically upregulated miR-34a-5p expression in mouse livers. The data from AAV-sponge-mediated miR-34a-5p inhibition suggested that miR-34a-5p diminished NAD+ level by directly targeting NAMPT expression in BDE-47-treated mouse livers, which was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. Consequently, miR-34a-5p markedly abated Sirt3/FoxO3a/PINK1 signaling-mediated mitophagy to promote mitochondrial dysfunction in BDE-47-treated mouse livers. The present study provided in vivo evidence to reveal a potential mechanism for BDE-47-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and related liver injury and indicated that miR-34a-5p-mediated mitophagy impairment might be a therapeutic target for BDE-47 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Li Feng
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yuan-Lin Zheng
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Shao-Hua Fan
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Qu Shan
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Gui-Hong Zheng
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yong-Jian Wang
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Dong-Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Meng-Qiu Li
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Qing-Qing Wang
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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Yu X, Yin H, Peng H, Lu G, Liu Z, Li H, Dang Z. Degradation mechanism, intermediates and toxicology assessment of tris-(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate using ultraviolet activated hydrogen peroxide. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 241:124991. [PMID: 31590022 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), one kind of emerging flame retardants, have received prevalent attention owing to their ubiquity in aquatic matrices and their characteristics of being refractory to biodegradation. In current research, the degradation mechanism of tris-(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP), one of OPFRs, and its toxicological evaluation using UV-driven hydroxyl radical oxidation were investigated. A pseudo-first order reaction was fitted with an apparent rate constant (Kobs) of 0.1328 min-1 on transformation of TCPP in the case of CH2O2 0.1 mM, pH 6.6-7.1 and 4.7 mW cm-2 UV irradiation. High resolution mass spectroscopy analyses identified nine degradation products (eg., C6H13Cl2O4P (m/z 251.0002), C9H17Cl2O5P (m/z 307.0266), C9H17Cl2O6P (m/z 323.0217), C9H18Cl3O5P (m/z 343.0033)) during transformation of TCPP. The removal efficiency dropped by inhibitory effect of natural organic matters and anions, implying that the complete mineralization of TCPP may be difficult in actual water treatment process. The toxicity assessment has shown an decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis, membrane potential (MP) elevation of Escherichia coli, and biological molecular function revision (eg., metabolism and DNA biosynthesis), indicating that toxicity of degradation products were conspicuously decreased in comparison with intact TCPP. To sum up, effective detoxification of TCPP can be realized by a UV driving radical-based oxidation, which will provide an alternative safe treatment method to control TCPP in water matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Yin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Guining Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zehua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Huanyong Li
- Analytical and Testing Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
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Dunnick JK, Shockley KR, Morgan DL, Travlos G, Gerrish KE, Ton TV, Wilson RE, Brar SS, Brix AE, Waidyanatha S, Mutlu E, Pandiri AR. Hepatic Transcriptomic Patterns in the Neonatal Rat After Pentabromodiphenyl Ether Exposure. Toxicol Pathol 2020; 48:338-349. [PMID: 31826744 PMCID: PMC7596650 DOI: 10.1177/0192623319888433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human exposure to pentabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE) mixture (DE-71) and its PBDE-47 congener can occur both in utero and during lactation. Here, we tested the hypothesis that PBDE-induced neonatal hepatic transcriptomic alterations in Wistar Han rat pups can inform on potential toxicity and carcinogenicity after longer term PBDE exposures. Wistar Han rat dams were exposed to either DE-71 or PBDE-47 daily from gestation day (GD 6) through postnatal day 4 (PND 4). Total plasma thyroxine (T4) was decreased in PND 4 pups. In liver, transcripts for CYPs and conjugation enzymes, Nrf2, and ABC transporters were upregulated. In general, the hepatic transcriptomic alterations after exposure to DE-71 or PBDE-47 were similar and provided early indicators of oxidative stress and metabolic alterations, key characteristics of toxicity processes. The transcriptional benchmark dose lower confidence limits of the most sensitive biological processes were lower for PBDE-47 than for the PBDE mixture. Neonatal rat liver transcriptomic data provide early indicators on molecular pathway alterations that may lead to toxicity and/or carcinogenicity if the exposures continue for longer durations. These early toxicogenomic indicators may be used to help prioritize chemicals for a more complete toxicity and cancer risk evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. K. Dunnick
- Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - K. R. Shockley
- Biostatistics & Computational Biology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - D. L. Morgan
- Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - G. Travlos
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - K. E. Gerrish
- Molecular Genomics Core, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - T. V. Ton
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - R. E. Wilson
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - S. S. Brar
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - A. E. Brix
- EPL, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - S. Waidyanatha
- Program Operations Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - E. Mutlu
- Program Operations Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - A. R. Pandiri
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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42
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Sun R, Pan C, Li QX, Peng F, Mai B. Occurrence and congener profiles of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in green mussels (Perna viridis) collected from northern South China Sea and the associated potential health risk. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 698:134276. [PMID: 31514028 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) contamination has become a major concern over the effects on human health. In the present study, we collected widely consumed green mussels (Perna viridis) samples from the northern South China Sea (NSCS) to investigate the occurrence, spatial distribution, congener profiles as well as potential risk of 18 PBDEs. All the target PBDEs were detected in green mussel samples, indicating their ubiquitous distribution. The concentrations of the total 18 PBDES (ΣPBDEs) in all samples varied from 6.96 to 55.6 ng/g lipid weight (lw), with BDE-47 and BDE-209 being the predominant PBDE congeners. Overall, the ΣPBDEs pollution in green mussels from NSCS was at a moderate to high level in comparison with the PBDEs pollution worldwide. The dietary exposure of the local population in South China to PBDEs via consuming green mussels was estimated to be 0.30-0.80 ng/kg body weight (bw)/day. Evaluation of the exposure risk for BDE-47, 99, 153 and 209 indicated that health risks due to green mussel consumption are substantially lower than the U.S. EPA minimum concern level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runxia Sun
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Changgui Pan
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Fengjiao Peng
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, Rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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43
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Yu X, Yin H, Peng H, Lu G, Dang Z. Oxidation degradation of tris-(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate by ultraviolet driven sulfate radical: Mechanisms and toxicology assessment of degradation intermediates using flow cytometry analyses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 687:732-740. [PMID: 31412476 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) were frequently detected in biotic and abiotic matrix owing to their persistence and recalcitrant degradation. Some specific OPFRs, such as tris-(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP), pose a significant potential risk to human health due to their high water solubility. Therefore, an environmentally sound and high efficient technique is in urgent need of controlling TCPP. This research is focused on degrading TCPP using ultraviolet-persulfate (UV/PS) technique. The degradation reaction of TCPP followed a pseudo-first order kinetics with an apparent rate constant (kobs) at 0.1653 min-1. As the photocatalytic reaction proceeded, TCPP was transformed to twelve degradation intermediates via the selective electron-transfer reactions induced by activated sulfate radical. Anions existence and pH value significantly inhibited the degradation efficiency, implying that it was hard for TCPP to reach up to complete mineralization in actual water treatment process. Additionally, toxicological assessment of degradation intermediate mixture was conducted using Flow cytometry (FCM) analyses, and the result showed that the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell apoptotic rates significantly declined, and membrane potential (MP) increased in comparison with original TCPP. On the other hand, the negative impacts of these degradation products on DNA biosynthesis in Escherichia coli were weakened based on cell cycle analysis, all of which indicated that toxicity of these degradation intermediates was obviously reduced via UV/PS treatment. To summarize, an appropriate mineralization is effective for TCPP detoxification, suggesting the feasibility of TCPP control using UV/PS treatment in water matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Yin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Guining Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
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Espinosa Ruiz C, Morghese M, Renda G, Gugliandolo C, Esteban MA, Santulli A, Messina CM. Effects of BDE-47 exposure on immune-related parameters of Mytilus galloprovincialis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 215:105266. [PMID: 31401474 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The persistent pollutants polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been demonstrated to produce several negative effects on marine organisms. Although Mytilus galloprovincialis was extensively studied as model system, the effects of PBDEs on the innate immune system of mussels remains unclear. In this study, except for the control treatment, specimens of M. galloprovincialis were fed with microalgae treated with increasing concentrations of PBDEs (maximum level 100 ng L-1 of BDE-47 per day). BDE-47 treatment was maintained for 15 days and then the animals were fed with the same control diet, without contaminants, for 15 days. Samples of haemolymph (HL) were obtained at T0, T15 and T30 days of the experiment to evaluate different parameters related to immunity, such as neutral red retention time, and peroxidase, protease, antiprotease, lysozyme and bactericidal activities. BDE-47 exposure for 15 days affected both the stability of haemocytes and humoral parameters. In addition, the obtained results indicated that, at 30 days, after 15 days of culture without contaminant, the immune parameters were still affected, as some of them did not return to the basal levels, and others remained stimulated. Overall the results indicate that BDE-47 exposures at environmentally realistic levels may affect various aspects of immune function in M. galloprovincialis, acting as stressor that can compromise the general welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristobal Espinosa Ruiz
- University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Sea Science, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy
| | - Maria Morghese
- University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Sea Science, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Renda
- University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Sea Science, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy
| | - Concetta Gugliandolo
- University of Messina, Dept. of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Messina University, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - M A Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Dept. Cell Biology and Histology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, Spain
| | - Andrea Santulli
- University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Sea Science, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy; Consorzio Universitario della Provincia di Trapani, Marine Biology Institute, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy
| | - Concetta M Messina
- University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Sea Science, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy.
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Wang M, Yin H, Peng H, Feng M, Lu G, Dang Z. Degradation of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether by Pycnoporus sanguineus in the presence of copper ions. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 83:133-143. [PMID: 31221376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) by Pycnoporus sanguineus was investigated in order to explore the impact of the heavy metal Cu2+ on BDE-47 decomposition and the subsequent formation of metabolites, as well as to further elucidate the degradation mechanism of BDE-47. An increase in degradation rate from 18.63% to 49.76% in the first four days and its stabilization at (51.26 ± 0.08)% in the following days of BDE-47 incubation were observed. The presence of Cu2+ at 1 and 2 mg/L was found to promote the degradation rate to 56.41% and 60.79%, respectively, whereas higher level of Cu2+ (≥5 mg/L) inhibited the removal of BDE-47. The similar concentration effects of Cu2+ was also found on contents of fungal protein and amounts of metabolites. Both intracellular and extracellular enzymes played certain roles in BDE-47 transportation with the best degradation rate at 27.90% and 27.67% on the fourth and third day, individually. During the degradation of BDE-47, four types of hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs), i.e., 6'-OH-BDE-47, 5'-OH-BDE-47, 4'-OH-BDE-17, 2'-OH-BDE-28, and two bromophenols, i.e., 2,4-DBP and 4-BP were detected and considered as degradation products. These metabolites were further removed by P. sanguineus at rates of 22.42%, 23.01%, 27.04%, 27.96%, 64.21%, and 40.62%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China. E-mail:
| | - Hua Yin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China. E-mail: .
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Mi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China. E-mail:
| | - Guining Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China. E-mail:
| | - Zhi Dang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China. E-mail:
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Zhao Y, Tang X, Quigg A, Lv M, Zhao Y. The toxic mechanisms of BDE-47 to the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana-a study based on multiple physiological processes. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 212:20-27. [PMID: 31039523 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a series of highly persistent organic pollutants (POPs), are ubiquitous in marine ecosystems. As key primary producers, microalgae are of great importance on evaluating the environmental outcome of PBDEs pollution. In this study, the toxic mechanisms of BDE-47 on the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana were evaluated by measuring multiple physiological processes. Three concentrations of BDE-47 (25, 15 and 5 μg L-1) were used along with two controls (blank: no BDE-47 or DMSO; negative control: only DMSO). Experiments lasted 144 h (6 days), in which the actual BDE-47 concentrations, cell densities, nutrient (nitrate and phosphate) uptake, pigment compositions, photosynthetic physiology, cell morphology and cellular contents (organic carbon and nitrogen) were measured at 12-48 h intervals. The toxic mechanisms of BDE-47 on T. pseudonana cells were evaluated by measuring multiple physiological processes including photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, cellular material synthesis and cell cycle progressions. The cell divisions of T. pseudonana were severely inhibited by the stress of BDE-47, but the photosynthetic parameters were much less declined and recovered earlier than the cell divisions in the same BDE-47 treatments. The unsuppressed uptake rates of nutrients, increased cell volume and cellular contents indicated the cellular material synthesis proceeded normally. Finally, we found that the cell cycle was arrested in G2/M phase under the stress of BDE-47, we thus concluded that the inhibition of cell divisions by BDE-47 was not due to the lack of energy or cellular materials, where the cell cycle arrest happened; this might be the most important toxicological outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Zhao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Antonietta Quigg
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University, Galveston, Texas, 77553, USA; Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
| | - Mengchen Lv
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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47
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Yu Y, Yin H, Peng H, Lu G, Dang Z. Biodegradation of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) using a novel microbial consortium GY1: Cells viability, pathway, toxicity assessment, and microbial function prediction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 668:958-965. [PMID: 31018474 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
GY1, a novel microbial consortium with efficient ability to degrade decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) has been isolated and the sequencing analysis has been conducted. The results revealed that Hyphomicrobium, Pseudomonas, Aminobacter, Sphingopyxis, Chryseobacterium, Bacillus, Pseudaminobacter, Stenotrophomonas, Sphingobacterium and Microbacterium were the dominant genera, and the function genes involved in BDE-209 conversion were predicted by PICRUSt. When BDE-209 concentration increased from 0.5 to 10mg/L, its degradation efficiency declined from 57.2% to 22.3%. Various kinds of debrominated metabolites were detected during the biodegradation process, including BDE-208, BDE-207, BDE-206, BDE-205, BDE-190, BDE-181, BDE-155, BDE-154, BDE-99, BDE-47, BDE-17 and BDE-7. Also, the proportion of necrotic cells was observed during GY1 mediated degradation of BDE-209 to reveal the changes of cells viability under BDE-209 stress. Subsequent analysis showed that the reaction of BDE-209 with GY1 was a detoxification process and bioaugmentation with GY1 effectively enhanced BDE-209 degradation in actual water and water-sediment system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Yin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Guining Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
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Wang C, Yang L, Hu Y, Zhu J, Xia R, Yu Y, Shen J, Zhang Z, Wang SL. Isoliquiritigenin as an antioxidant phytochemical ameliorates the developmental anomalies of zebrafish induced by 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 666:390-398. [PMID: 30802654 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE47) is the most abundant PBDE congeners in biological samples. It has strong tendencies to bioaccumulate and potentially endangers development of mammals through oxidative stress. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), an emerging natural chalcone-type flavonoid, possesses various biological and pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and estrogenic activities. The purpose of the study is to explore the antioxidant effect of ISL on the amelioration of developmental anomalies induced by BDE47. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to BDE47 (1 and 10 μM) and/or ISL (4 μM) for 4 to 120 hours post fertilization (hpf), and the morphology, development, behavior, oxidative stress status and related genes expression were assessed. The results showed that BDE47 contributed to dose-dependent growth retardation and deformities, including delayed hatching, spinal curvature, reduced body length, increased death rate, aberrant behaviors and impaired dark-adapted vision, which were significantly mitigated by ISL. Besides, ISL ameliorated excessive ROS accumulation, and exaggerated the expressions of apoptosis-related genes p53, Bcl-2, caspase 3 and caspase 9 induced by BDE47, suggesting that ISL protected zebrafish from the developmental toxicity of BDE47 by inactivation of programmed apoptosis and activation of antioxidant signaling pathways. Taken together, developing ISL as a dietary supplement might be a promising preventive strategy for the amelioration of developmental toxicity induced by environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China; Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Lu Yang
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Yuhuan Hu
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China; Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Jiansheng Zhu
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China; Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Rong Xia
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Yongquan Yu
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China; Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Jiemiao Shen
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Shou-Lin Wang
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China; Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China.
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Yu X, Yin H, Peng H, Lu G, Liu Z, Dang Z. OPFRs and BFRs induced A549 cell apoptosis by caspase-dependent mitochondrial pathway. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 221:693-702. [PMID: 30669111 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are frequently detected in indoor environment at high levels, posing health risks to humans. However, the potential cytotoxicity mediated by OPFRs and BFRs in relevant human cell models is limited. In current study, non-small cell lung cancer A549 cell was employed to investigate toxicity mechanisms of typical OPFRs (i.e., tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris-(2-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP), tricresy phosphate (TCP), triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) and BFRs (i.e., 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), 3,3', 5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA)). It was found that BDE-47 exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity, followed by TBBPA, TPHP, TCP, TCPP and TCEP. OPFRs and BFRs could cause the reduction of cell viability of A549 cell in both dose- and time-dependent manner after exposure for 24 and 48 h. Simultaneously, excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) dysfunction, cell apoptosis and overload of intracellular free Ca2+ demonstrated that cytotoxicity induced by OPFRs and BFRs were mediated by oxidative stress. Of note, the survival rate of cell significantly increased when pretreated with Ac-DEVD-CHO, suggesting that caspase-3 dependent mitochondrial pathway may have played a primary role in the process of A549 cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Yin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Guining Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zehua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
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Chen Z, Yin H, Peng H, Lu G, Liu Z, Dang Z. Identification of novel pathways for biotransformation of tetrabromobisphenol A by Phanerochaete chrysosporium, combined with mechanism analysis at proteome level. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 659:1352-1361. [PMID: 31096345 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) removal by Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P. chrysosporium) was conducted. Under optimal conditions (pH 5, inoculum size of 5% (v/v), initial glucose concentration of 5 g/L, TBBPA concentration of 5 mg/L), >97% of initial TBBPA was removed after 3 days. The TBBPA metabolites, tetrabromobisphenol A glycoside, tribromobisphenol A glycoside and monohydroxylated tetrabromobisphenol A, were identified for the first time by fungi transformation as being produced by glycosylation and oxidative hydroxylation, respectively. Proteome analysis showed that P. chrysosporium significantly upregulated cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, glutathione S-transferases, UDP-glucosyltransferase, O‑methyltransferase and other oxidoreductases for TBBPA oxidative hydroxylation, reductive debromination, glycosylation, O‑methylation and oxidative cleavage for detoxification. Data from cytotoxicity tests with human hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HepG2) confirmed that TBBPA toxicity was effectively decreased by P. chrysosporium treatment. Bioaugmentation with P. chrysosporium significantly improved the removal efficiency of TBBPA in water microcosms to 63.1% within 12 h. This study suggests that P. chrysosporium might be suitable for the removal of TBBPA from contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanghong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hua Yin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Guining Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zehua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhi Dang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
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