1
|
Gautschi J, Lätsch D. The effectiveness of interventions to prevent and reduce child maltreatment in high-income countries: An umbrella review. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 153:106845. [PMID: 38761720 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, many interventions targeting the occurrence (primary prevention) or the recurrence (secondary prevention) of child abuse and neglect have been tested. Findings have been synthesized in several meta-analyses and systematic reviews. However, the range of interventions addressed in these studies is very broad, and an integrative assessment of this large spectrum is lacking. OBJECTIVE Focusing on high-income countries, we ask (i) what is known about the effectiveness of interventions to prevent or reduce child abuse and neglect and (ii) how robust this evidence is. METHODS A systematic review of systematic reviews, called an umbrella review, was conducted. Ten databases on OvidSP and Web of Science were searched up until April 2023. Narrative synthesis was used to document the publications' findings. RESULTS 44 publications were included in the umbrella review. We did not find that any type of intervention had a clear, consistent, and robust track record of preventing or reducing the occurrence of child abuse and neglect. Rather, publications examining the effectiveness of interventions in all areas frequently reported non-existent, small or inconsistent effects. However, positive effects for particular interventions in specific settings did emerge. Research methodologies showed several and often severe problems. CONCLUSIONS We suggest several measures to improve the quality of research and call on practitioners to be persistent in developing more effective interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Gautschi
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW, School of Social Work, Institute of Childhood, Youth, and Family, Pfingstweidstrasse 96, CH-8037 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - David Lätsch
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW, School of Social Work, Institute of Childhood, Youth, and Family, Pfingstweidstrasse 96, CH-8037 Zürich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cuartas J, Salazar A, Backhaus S, Little MT, McCoy D, Yoshikawa H, Bass M, Metheny N, Knaul F. Strategies to Prevent Violence Against Children in the Home: A Systematic Review of Reviews. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024:15248380241247018. [PMID: 38682572 DOI: 10.1177/15248380241247018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Violence against children (VAC) in the home, or by household members, is a human rights and social problem with long-lasting consequences for individuals and society. Global policy instruments like the INSPIRE package have proposed strategies to prevent VAC, including Implementation and enforcement of laws, Norms and values, Safe environments, Parent and caregiver support, Income and economic strengthening, Response and support services, and Education and life skills. This systematic review of reviews aimed to synthesize the recent evidence base (i.e., published since 2000) for each INSPIRE strategy to reduce VAC in the home or by household members. We searched four databases using controlled vocabularies and keywords and searched for additional records in prior reviews of reviews. A total of 67 studies were included in this review, including literature reviews, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and other types of reviews. We found extensive evidence supporting the effectiveness of parent and caregiver support interventions. However, reviews on other INSPIRE strategies were scarce. We also found a vast underrepresentation of samples from low- and- middle-income countries, children with disabilities, and families affected by forced displacement and conflict. In sum, this systematic review suggests that there are several promising strategies to prevent VAC (e.g., home visiting and parent education), but further research is necessary to strengthen the current body of evidence and effectively inform the implementation and scale-up of evidence-based interventions to protect children from violence globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Cuartas
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Sophia Backhaus
- University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dana McCoy
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Buderer C, Kirsch T, Pérez T, Swenson CC, Fürstenau U, Rhiner B, Schmid M. Child and family characteristics in multisystemic therapy for child abuse and neglect (MST-CAN): Are there associations with treatment outcome? JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2024; 50:453-476. [PMID: 38409887 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Evidence-based indication for targeted interventions is a central approach in the field of child welfare and psychotherapy. This study explored the characteristics of children and families referred to Multisystemic Therapy for Child Abuse and Neglect (MST-CAN) in Switzerland and their associations with treatment outcomes. We sought to identify subgroups of children and families referred to MST-CAN and understand their specific needs and alignment with the program. We identified five distinct subgroups of children: (a) those characterized by clinically significant "social withdrawal" and "anxiety/depression," (b) with multiple clinically significant emotional and behavioral problems, (c) with predominantly externalizing problems, (d) with no pathological findings at all, with parents who were less stressed and had fewer mental health problems, and (e) with mainly internalizing problems and parents whose mental health problems deteriorated during treatment. Investigating the fit of children and families referred to treatment programs can enhance the understanding of their healthcare needs and enable more individualized interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Buderer
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Services Aargau AG, Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Tom Kirsch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Clinics Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tania Pérez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Clinics Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cynthia Cupit Swenson
- Division of Global and Community Health, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ute Fürstenau
- Mental Health Service for Children and Adolescents, Psychiatric Services Hospital Thurgau AG, Weinfelden, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Rhiner
- Mental Health Service for Children and Adolescents, Psychiatric Services Hospital Thurgau AG, Weinfelden, Switzerland
| | - Marc Schmid
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Clinics Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim H, Song EJ, Windsor L. Evidence-Based Home Visiting Provisions and Child Maltreatment Report Rates: County-Level Analysis of US National Data From 2016 to 2018. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2024; 29:176-189. [PMID: 35678142 PMCID: PMC9844259 DOI: 10.1177/10775595221107533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This observational ecological study examined county-level associations between evidence-based home visiting (EHV) provisions and child maltreatment report (CMR) rates, using national county-level data from 2016-2018. We found that longitudinal changes of EHV provisions were significantly negatively associated with county CMR rates while controlling for potential confounders. Our model estimated that after EHV provisions were launched in counties, their CMR rates decreased (or after they were ceased, rates increased) by 2.21 per 1000 children overall, 2.88 per 1000 children aged 0-5, 2.59 per 1000 children aged 6-11, 2.13 per 1000 male children, and 2.24 per 1000 female children. When limiting attention to EHV provisions funded by the Maternal, Infant and Early Childhood Home Visiting (MIECHV) program, we found no significant association perhaps because MIECHV-funded EHV provisions were a small subset of all EHV provisions. These findings propose potential protective impacts of county EHV provisions on overall county CMR rates. Yet, the small effect sizes suggest that EHV provisions should be considered as a part of a complete response to child maltreatment rather than in isolation. Given that EHV is provided to a very small part of the population, nevertheless, our findings suggest that expanding coverage would increase effect sizes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunil Kim
- School of Social Work, University Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Eun-Jee Song
- School of Social Work, University Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Liliane Windsor
- School of Social Work, University Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Smith JN, Guttmann A, Kopp A, Vandermorris A, Shouldice M, Harron KL. Association of maternal risk factors with infant maltreatment: an administrative data cohort study. Arch Dis Child 2023; 109:23-29. [PMID: 37758290 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2022-325239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the risk of infant maltreatment associated with commonly used criteria for home visiting programmes: young maternal age, maternal adversity (homelessness, substance abuse, intimate partner violence), newcomer status and mental health concerns in Ontario, Canada. DESIGN This retrospective cohort study included infants born in hospital in Ontario from 1 April 2005 to 31 March 2017 captured in linked health administrative and demographic databases. Infants were followed from newborn hospitalisation until 1 year of age for child maltreatment captured in healthcare or death records. The association between type and number of maternal risk factors, and maltreatment, was analysed using multivariable logistic regression modelling, controlling for infant characteristics and material deprivation. Further modelling explored the association of each year of maternal age with maltreatment. RESULTS Of 989 586 infants, 434 (0.04%) had recorded maltreatment. Maternal age <22 years conferred higher risk of infant maltreatment (adjusted OR (aOR) 5.5, 95% CI 4.5 to 6.8) compared with age ≥22 years. Maternal mental health diagnoses (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.6 to 2.5) were also associated with maltreatment, while refugee status appeared protective (aOR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4 to 1.0). The odds of maltreatment increased with higher numbers of maternal risk factors. Maternal age was associated with maltreatment until age 28 years. CONCLUSION Infants born to young mothers are at greater risk of infant maltreatment, and this association remained until age 28 years. These findings are important for ensuring public health interventions are supporting populations experiencing structural vulnerabilities with the aim of preventing maltreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Smith
- Division of Pediatric Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (affiliated at the time of acquiring REB approval), London, UK
| | - Astrid Guttmann
- Division of Pediatric Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Edwin S. H. Leong Centre for Healthy Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ashley Vandermorris
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Shouldice
- Division of Pediatric Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katie L Harron
- The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (affiliated at the time of acquiring REB approval), London, UK
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Doku PN. Child maltreatment and associated sociodemographic factors among children affected by HIV/AIDS in Ghana: a multi-informant perspective. AIDS Care 2023; 35:106-113. [PMID: 35465790 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2022.2067310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTChild maltreatment is considered a major public health concern among children because they can cause significant physical and psychological problems. Child maltreatment is widespread but often underestimated. Surprisingly, there is hardly any data on child maltreatment and any associated sociodemographic factors children affected by HIV/AIDS in low-income countries. This study employed cross-sectional, quantitative survey that involved 291 children aged 10-17 years and their caregivers in the Lower Manya Krobo District, Ghana and examined their exposure to and experience of child maltreatment. The results show that at least one form of maltreatment was reported by approximately 90% of the children, and it was significantly higher among orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) as compared with comparison children. Older age, frequent changes in residence, non-schooling and living with many siblings are associated with child maltreatment. The results demonstrate that maltreatment among children affected by HIV/AIDS are not rare, and that the dysfunction family conditions that they find themselves bear systemic risks for maltreatment. It is important that culturally appropriate and evidence-based interventions are implemented to address the maltreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Narh Doku
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
El Beltagy MA, Elbaroody M. The diagnosis and management of abusive head injuries in infancy in Egypt. Childs Nerv Syst 2022; 38:2365-2369. [PMID: 36588129 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-022-05806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Child death owed to abuse and negligence is not uncommon, and its real incidence is unknown. The most common cause of fatal child abuse is head trauma. Abusive head injuries (AHI) most often involve brain injury of infants and young children. The outcomes of AHI vary from complete recovery to severe brain damage and death. This article highlights the diagnosis and management of AHI in infancy in Egypt, with a special focus on the social, medical, and legal aspects. The authors emphasize the importance of reporting cases suspected of AHI to the relevant authorities; this will guard against the recurrence of abuse to the child and will have a positive impact on the community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A El Beltagy
- Neurosurgery Department, Kasr Alainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
- Neurosurgery Department, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE, Cairo, 57357), Egypt.
| | - Mohammad Elbaroody
- Neurosurgery Department, Kasr Alainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tamon H, Suto M, Ogawa K, Takehara K, Tachibana Y. Interventions for expectant and new parents who are at increased risk for perpetrating child abuse and neglect: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e064603. [PMID: 36410800 PMCID: PMC9680162 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevention of child abuse and neglect is an urgent matter given the serious effects persisting into adulthood, and the increased risk of the offspring of abused children being abusive themselves. Intervening as early as possible may prevent abuse that can begin in infancy. Although several systematic reviews have investigated the effects of interventions on populations who are at increased risk for perpetrating child abuse and neglect, few studies have focused on women or interventions that start during perinatal periods. This study aims to describe a systematic review to examine the effects of interventions to prevent child abuse and neglect that begin during pregnancy and immediately after childbirth (less than 1 year). The study will involve performing a systematic review and meta-analysis based on the latest research articles and a broader literature search. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The protocol was prepared using the 2015 statement of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. The review will follow Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The literature search will be performed using the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases from inception onward. Randomised controlled trials of interventions that begin during pregnancy or the first year postpartum, designed to prevent child abuse and neglect in families who are at increased risk for these issues, will be included. Data collection, quality assessment and statistical syntheses will be conducted by following the methods in the protocol that are predefined. Any index of child maltreatment will be included as a primary outcome. A meta-analysis and sub-group analyses will be considered based on the characteristics of interventions. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study does not require ethical approval. The findings will be presented at conferences and will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021266462.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tamon
- Division of Infant and Toddler Mental Health, Department of Psychosocial Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Maiko Suto
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Japan
| | - Kunio Ogawa
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Japan
| | - Kenji Takehara
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Tachibana
- Division of Infant and Toddler Mental Health, Department of Psychosocial Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Japan
- Department of Perinatal Mental Health, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
- Smart-Aging Research Center, IDAC, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
O'Donnell R, Savaglio M, Halfpenny N, Morris H, Dunbar A, Sharman C, Williams R, Miller R, Skouteris H. Evaluating the implementation of Cradle to Kinder: An intensive home-visitation support program for families experiencing disadvantage. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 133:105855. [PMID: 36087476 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Australian evidence supporting the effectiveness of home visitation programs for families experiencing disdavantage is mixed. These inconsistent findings could be attributed to the varied ways in which home visitation programs are implemented, and a lack of evaluation. OBJECTIVE This qualitative paper explores the barriers and facilitators to the implementation of Cradle to Kinder - a long-term, intensive, home visitation family support program for vulnerable young caregivers at risk of child removal across Victoria, Australia. METHOD Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with 37 stakeholders from all levels of intervention delivery (i.e., clients, internal staff, external stakeholders). Data collection and thematic analysis were informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). RESULTS According to stakeholders, four key CFIR constructs facilitated the implementation of Cradle to Kinder: Effective Engagement, Relative Advantage, Organisational Culture, and Learning Climate. Implementation was challenged by factors within the Peer Pressure construct, which involved managing expectations and push-back from external organisations and services. CONCLUSION The current findings highlight the importance of organisational commitment to successful implementation. The next phase of this research is to establish the effectiveness of Cradle to Kinder. Indeed, greater implementation-effectiveness evaluations of family support programs are required to ensure that such programs effectively meet the needs of families and improve their outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renee O'Donnell
- Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Melissa Savaglio
- Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Nick Halfpenny
- MacKillop Family Services, 237 Cecil Street, South Melbourne, VIC 3205, Australia.
| | - Heather Morris
- Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Andrea Dunbar
- MacKillop Family Services, 237 Cecil Street, South Melbourne, VIC 3205, Australia.
| | - Christine Sharman
- MacKillop Family Services, 237 Cecil Street, South Melbourne, VIC 3205, Australia.
| | - Rebecca Williams
- MacKillop Family Services, 237 Cecil Street, South Melbourne, VIC 3205, Australia.
| | - Robyn Miller
- MacKillop Family Services, 237 Cecil Street, South Melbourne, VIC 3205, Australia.
| | - Helen Skouteris
- Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Scarman Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Degenhardt L, Bharat C, Glantz MD, Bromet EJ, Alonso J, Bruffaerts R, Bunting B, de Girolamo G, de Jonge P, Florescu S, Gureje O, Haro JM, Harris MG, Hinkov H, Karam EG, Karam G, Kovess-Masfety V, Lee S, Makanjuola V, Medina-Mora ME, Navarro-Mateu F, Piazza M, Posada-Villa J, Scott KM, Stein DJ, Tachimori H, Tintle N, Torres Y, Viana MC, Kessler RC, Al-Hamzawi A, Al-Kaisy MS, Alonso J, Altwaijri Y, Helena Andrade L, Atwoli L, Benjet C, Borges G, Bromet EJ, Bruffaerts R, Bunting B, Caldas-de-Almeida JM, Cardoso G, Chatterji S, Cia AH, Degenhardt L, Demyttenaere K, Florescu S, Girolamo GD, Gureje O, Haro JM, Harris MG, Hinkov H, Hu CY, de Jonge P, Karam AN, Karam EG, Kawakami N, Kessler RC, Kiejna A, Kovess-Masfety V, Lee S, Lepine JP, McGrath J, Medina-Mora ME, Mneimneh Z, Moskalewicz J, Navarro-Mateu F, Piazza M, Posada-Villa J, Scott KM, Slade T, Stagnaro JC, Stein DJ, ten Have M, Torres Y, Viana MC, Vigo DV, Whiteford H, Williams DR, Wojtyniak B. The associations between traumatic experiences and subsequent onset of a substance use disorder: Findings from the World Health Organization World Mental Health surveys. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 240:109574. [PMID: 36150948 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Exposure to traumatic events (TEs) is associated with substance use disorders (SUDs). However, most studies focus on a single TE, and are limited to single countries, rather than across countries with variation in economic, social and cultural characteristics. We used cross-national data to examine associations of diverse TEs with SUD onset, and variation in associations over time. METHODS Data come from World Mental Health surveys across 22 countries. Adults (n = 65,165) retrospectively reported exposure to 29 TEs in six categories: "exposure to organised violence"; "participation in organised violence"; "interpersonal violence"; "sexual-relationship violence"; "other life-threatening events"; and those involving loved ones ("network traumas"). Discrete-time survival analyses were used to examine associations with subsequent first SUD onset. RESULTS Most (71.0%) reported experiencing at least one TE, with network traumas (38.8%) most common and exposure to organised violence (9.5%) least. One in five (20.3%) had been exposed to sexual-relationship violence and 26.6% to interpersonal violence. Among the TE exposed, lifetime SUD prevalence was 14.5% compared to 5.1% with no trauma exposure. Most TE categories (except organised violence) were associated with increased odds of SUD. Increased odds of SUD were also found following interpersonal violence exposure across all age ranges (ORs from 1.56 to 1.78), and sexual-relationship violence exposure during adulthood (ORs from 1.33 to 1.44), with associations persisting even after >11 years. CONCLUSION Sexual and interpersonal violence have the most consistent associations with progression to SUD; increased risk remains for many years post-exposure. These need to be considered when working with people exposed to such traumas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Chrianna Bharat
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Meyer D Glantz
- Department of Epidemiology, Services, and Prevention Research (DESPR), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Evelyn J Bromet
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jordi Alonso
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ronny Bruffaerts
- Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (UPC-KUL), Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brendan Bunting
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter de Jonge
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Silvia Florescu
- National School of Public Health, Management and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oye Gureje
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meredith G Harris
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hristo Hinkov
- National Center of Public Health and Analyses, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elie G Karam
- Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, St George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Balamand University, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georges Karam
- Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, St George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Balamand University, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Viviane Kovess-Masfety
- Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique (EHESP), EA 4057, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Sing Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Victor Makanjuola
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan; University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Fernando Navarro-Mateu
- Unidad de Docencia, Investigacion y Formación en Salud Mental, Servicio Murciano de Salud, Murcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en ERed en Epidemíologia y Salud Pública, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marina Piazza
- Instituto Nacional de Salud, Universidad Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - José Posada-Villa
- Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Kate M Scott
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Dan J Stein
- Dept of Psychiatry & Mental Health and South African Medical Council Research Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - Hisateru Tachimori
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Center for Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nathan Tintle
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, Dordt College, Sioux Center, IA, USA
| | - Yolanda Torres
- Center for Excellence on Research in Mental Health, CES University, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Maria Carmen Viana
- Department of Social Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
A realist model for home visitation program evaluation. J Pediatr Nurs 2022; 64:e6-e14. [PMID: 35177363 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Increased attention on home visitation as a strategy to reduce child maltreatment and increased funding to support home visitation programs has led to their rapid and widespread adoption in the United States and internationally. The rapid adoption of home visitation programs has occurred without an adequate understanding of the underlying mechanisms of influence on child maltreatment. Consequently, there is a lack of consistency in structures and processes across programs. The variability in structures and processes within and across programs has contributed to the inconsistent findings related to the effectiveness of home visitation as a strategy to constrain child maltreatment. Identifying the underlying mechanisms that are facilitating or constraining program success or failure is essential for informing policy and practice. We propose the use of realist theory to identify the underlying mechanisms of home visitation programs. While realist theory has been used broadly in the social sciences, its uptake in nursing has been slow. Despite its limited use in nursing, realism's primary function, seeking to identify the underlying mechanisms in complex social programs, makes it suitable for investigating many complex phenomena that are of interest to nurse scientists. Here we discuss the theoretical foundations for home visitation programs, the recent evidence for program effectiveness, significant home visitation program components, and we propose a realist model for home visitation program evaluation that may aid in identifying how, for whom, and under what conditions home visitation programs work when these programs are implemented to address child maltreatment.
Collapse
|
12
|
Comacchio C, Antolini G, Ruggeri M, Colizzi M. Gender-Oriented Mental Health Prevention: A Reappraisal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:1493. [PMID: 35162515 PMCID: PMC8835536 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have investigated the impact of gender on mental health, but only a few have addressed gender differences in mental health risk and prevention. We conducted a narrative review to assess the current state of knowledge on gender-specific mental health preventive interventions, along with an analysis of gender-based risk factors and available screening strategies. Out of 1598 articles screened using a comprehensive electronic search of the PubMed, Web-of-Science, Scopus, and Cochrane databases, 53 were included for review. Among risk factors for mental health problems, there are individual, familiar, social, and healthcare factors. Individual factors include childhood adversities, which show gender differences in distribution rates. However, current childhood abuse prevention programs are not gender-specific. Familiar factors for mental health problems include maternity issues and intimate partner violence, and for both, some gender-specific preventive interventions are available. Social risk factors for mental health problems are related to education, employment, discrimination, and relationships. They all display gender differences, but these differences are rarely taken into account in mental health prevention programs. Lastly, despite gender differences in mental health service use being widely known, mental health services appear to be slow in developing strategies that guarantee equal access to care for all individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Antolini
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Maternal-Child Integrated Care Department, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy;
| | - Mirella Ruggeri
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Marco Colizzi
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
McGinty EE, Nair R, Assini-Meytin LC, Stuart EA, Letourneau EJ. Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Reported Incidents of Child Neglect and Physical Abuse. Am J Prev Med 2022; 62:e11-e20. [PMID: 34561125 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The U.S. Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion, which allowed states to expand Medicaid coverage to low-income adults beginning in 2014, has reduced the risk factors for child neglect and physical abuse, including parental financial insecurity, substance use, and untreated mental illness. This study examines the associations between Medicaid expansion and the rates of overall, first-time, and repeat reports of child neglect and physical abuse incidents per 100,000 children aged 0-5, 6-12, and 13-17 years. METHODS The 2008-2018 National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System was analyzed using an extension of the difference-in-differences approach that accounts for staggered policy implementation across time. Owing to evidence of nonparallel preperiod trends in the 6 states that expanded Medicaid from 2015 to 2017, the main analyses included 20 states that newly expanded Medicaid in 2014 and 18 states that did not expand Medicaid from 2008 to 2018. Analyses were conducted in 2020-2021. RESULTS Medicaid expansion states were associated with reductions of 13.4% (95% CI= -24.2, -9.6), 14.8% (95% CI= -26.4, -1.4), and 16.0% (-27.6, -2.6) in the average rate of child neglect reports per 100,000 children aged 0-5, 6-12, and 13-17 years, per state-year, relative to control states. Expansion was associated with a 17.3% (95% CI= -28.9, -3.8) reduction in the rate of first-time neglect reports among children aged 0-5 years and with 16.6% (95% CI= -29.3, -1.6) and 18.7% (95% CI= -32.5, -2.1) reductions in the rates of repeat neglect reports among children aged 6-12 and 13-17 years, respectively. There were no statistically significant associations between Medicaid expansion and the rates of physical abuse among children in any age group. CONCLUSIONS Insurance expansions for low-income adults may reduce child neglect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma E McGinty
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Reshmi Nair
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Luciana C Assini-Meytin
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth A Stuart
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth J Letourneau
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schickedanz A, Escarce JJ, Halfon N, Sastry N, Chung PJ. Intergenerational Associations between Parents' and Children's Adverse Childhood Experience Scores. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:747. [PMID: 34572179 PMCID: PMC8466272 DOI: 10.3390/children8090747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are stressful childhood events associated with behavioral, mental, and physical illness. Parent experiences of adversity may indicate a child's adversity risk, but little evidence exists on intergenerational links between parents' and children's ACEs. This study examines these intergenerational ACE associations, as well as parent factors that mediate them. METHODS The Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) 2013 Main Interview and the linked PSID Childhood Retrospective Circumstances Study collected parent and child ACE information. Parent scores on the Aggravation in Parenting Scale, Parent Disagreement Scale, and the Kessler-6 Scale of Emotional Distress were linked through the PSID 1997, 2002, and 2014 PSID Childhood Development Supplements. Multivariate linear and multinomial logistic regression models estimated adjusted associations between parent and child ACE scores. RESULTS Among 2205 parent-child dyads, children of parents with four or more ACEs had 3.25-fold (23.1% [95% CI 15.9-30.4] versus 7.1% [4.4-9.8], p-value 0.001) higher risk of experiencing four or more ACEs themselves, compared to children of parents without ACEs. Parent aggravation, disagreement, and emotional distress were partial mediators. CONCLUSIONS Parents with higher ACE scores are far more likely to have children with higher ACEs. Addressing parenting stress, aggravation, and discord may interrupt intergenerational adversity cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Schickedanz
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; (N.H.); (P.J.C.)
| | - José J. Escarce
- Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA;
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA 90401, USA
| | - Neal Halfon
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; (N.H.); (P.J.C.)
- Department of Health Policy & Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Narayan Sastry
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA;
| | - Paul J. Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; (N.H.); (P.J.C.)
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA 90401, USA
- Department of Health Policy & Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
- Kaiser Permanente School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Putnam-Hornstein E, Prindle J, Hammond I. Engaging Families in Voluntary Prevention Services to Reduce Future Child Abuse and Neglect: a Randomized Controlled Trial. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2021; 22:856-865. [PMID: 34453268 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-021-01285-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Research on secondary prevention is mixed as to whether referrals to evidence-based practices and other community interventions reduce maltreatment recidivism. This evaluation sought to rigorously assess whether a community service-linkage model to evidence-based programs decreased subsequent reports of abuse and neglect among families reported to the child protection system (CPS). Between 2016 and 2018, administrative CPS records were used to identify families with at least one child under 5 years of age recently reported for maltreatment in Orange County, California, but where no follow-up services were mandated. Families were randomized to one of two community outreach and engagement conditions (i.e., targeted provider outreach vs. treatment-as-usual). Re-reporting outcomes were tracked in administrative records for a period of 12 months. A total of 4873 families met eligibility criteria, with 2231 (45.0%) randomized to the intervention arm and 2642 (54.0%) families to the control group. Among families in the intervention group, 811 (36.4%) were successfully contacted by a community provider. Of those families contacted, 145 (18.0%) agreed to participate in voluntary services. Overall, we did not detect any significant difference in re-reporting between our treatment and control groups (P = .433). Likewise, no significant differences in re-reporting were observed when we stratified the treatment group by levels of outreach and service engagement. Findings indicate low levels of successful engagement of families in voluntary services. Notwithstanding the absence of significant findings, this study demonstrates the potential for using community-based RCTs and administrative records to rigorously evaluate secondary prevention programs in the child protection system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Putnam-Hornstein
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 325 Pittsboro Street, #3550, NC, 27516, Chapel Hill, USA. .,Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - John Prindle
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ivy Hammond
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,School of Social Welfare, University of California at Berkeley, CA, Berkeley, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Schönfelder A, Rath D, Forkmann T, Paashaus L, Lucht L, Teismann T, Stengler K, Juckel G, Glaesmer H. Child abuse and suicidality in the context of the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide: A network analysis. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 60:425-442. [PMID: 33949706 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While there is evidence for an association of child abuse with suicidality in the course of life, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS) provides a theoretical framework to investigate this relationship. The present study examines how different subtypes of child abuse are related to suicidal ideation and to attempts in the context of the IPTS. METHODS 146 psychiatric inpatients (M = 37.9 years, 62% female) with an acute suicidal crisis (n = 71) or a recent suicide attempt (n = 74) were examined at baseline (T0) and six (T1) months later. We measured emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, the constructs of the IPTS (thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and capability for suicide) and suicidal ideation as well as suicide attempts. Using the statistics program R, a network analysis of all named constructs was conducted. Centrality measures were computed. RESULTS Emotional abuse was the most central kind of abuse in the network and had a direct relationship with suicide attempts and an indirect relationship with suicidal ideation via perceived burdensomeness. Physical and sexual abuse showed no significant relations with the different constructs of the IPTS. CONCLUSION The major limitation of this study was the modest sample size which reduced the number of variables able to be included in the network. Regarding child abuse, the results underline that emotional abuse plays a central role in this network and may be important for suicide risk assessment. Future research should address this topic in a larger sample. PRACTITIONER POINTS Emotional abuse was the most central kind of abuse in this network analysis. Sexual abuse was the only kind of abuse with a direct relation to suicidal ideation. Capability for suicide had just a marginal position in the network analysis. Early interventions addressing the effects of child abuse are recommended. Replications in larger samples and with more relevant variables are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antje Schönfelder
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dajana Rath
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Forkmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Laura Paashaus
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Luise Lucht
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Teismann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Katarina Stengler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Helios Park Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Arai T, Goto A, Komatsu M, Yasumura S. Incidence of and improvement in inappropriate parental behaviors of mothers with young children: a retrospective cohort study conducted in collaboration with a local government. Arch Public Health 2021; 79:37. [PMID: 33731221 PMCID: PMC7968197 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inappropriate parental behaviors of mothers toward young children require further study; few epidemiological studies have utilized longitudinal analysis of region-based cohorts. This study examined the frequency of incidence of and improvements in inappropriate parental behaviors of mothers with young children and related factors. Methods Among the mothers who underwent a checkup in Fukushima City in 2017, 586 mothers with data from 4-, 18-, and 42-month-old checkups were included in analysis. In this retrospective cohort study, an anonymous database was created by transcribing and matching health checkup records with questionnaires stored at the city health center. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis, using the SPSS Ver.20.0. Results In 28.5% of mothers, inappropriate parental behaviors were not reported in the 18-month-old data but were reported in the 42-month-old data. In 3.8%, inappropriate parental behaviors were reported in the 18-month-old data but were not reported in the 42-month-old data. The most common inappropriate parental behavior reported was “yelling at the child using emotional words” (18-month-old data, 16.2%; 42-month-old data, 39.5%). Mothers with financial difficulties were 2.19 times (95%CI: 1.13–4.26) more likely to begin inappropriate parental behaviors between 18 and 42 months. Improvements in parental behaviors were significantly higher in mothers under 30 years old (p = 0.03). Conclusions It is necessary to identify mothers with financial difficulties early and to examine how to provide childcare and financial support from a local government at the time of child health checkup.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Arai
- Faculty of Education, Art and Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa, Yamagata City, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan. .,Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Aya Goto
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.,Center for Integrated Science and Humanities, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Komatsu
- Fukushima City Health and Welfare Center, 10-1 Moriaicho, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-8002, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Robling M, Lugg-Widger F, Cannings-John R, Sanders J, Angel L, Channon S, Fitzsimmons D, Hood K, Kenkre J, Moody G, Owen-Jones E, Pockett R, Segrott J, Slater T. The Family Nurse Partnership to reduce maltreatment and improve child health and development in young children: the BB:2–6 routine data-linkage follow-up to earlier RCT. PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3310/phr09020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
The short-term effectiveness (to 24 months post partum) of a preventative home-visiting intervention, the Family Nurse Partnership, was previously assessed in the Building Blocks trial (BB:0–2).
Objectives
The objectives were to establish the medium-term effectiveness of the Family Nurse Partnership in reducing maltreatment and improving maternal health (second pregnancies) and child health, developmental and educational outcomes (e.g. early educational attendance, school readiness); to explore effect moderators and mediators; and to describe the costs of enhancing usually provided health and social care with the Family Nurse Partnership.
Design
Children and their mothers from an existing trial cohort were followed up using routine data until the child was 7 years of age.
Setting
This study was set in 18 partnerships between local authorities and health-care organisations in England.
Participants
The participants were mothers [and their firstborn child(ren)] recruited as pregnant women aged ≤ 19 years, in local authority Family Nurse Partnership catchment areas, at < 25 weeks’ gestation, able to provide consent and able to converse in English. Participants mandatorily withdrawn (e.g. owing to miscarriage) from the BB:0–2 trial were excluded.
Interventions
The intervention comprised up to a maximum of 64 home visits by specially trained family nurses from early pregnancy until the firstborn child was 2 years of age, plus usually provided health and social care support. The comparator was usual care alone.
Main outcome measures
The primary outcome measure was child-in-need status recorded at any time during follow-up. The secondary outcomes were as follows: (1) referral to social services, child protection registration (plan), child-in-need categorisation, looked-after status, recorded injuries and ingestions at any time during follow-up; (2) early child care and educational attendance, school readiness (Early Years Foundation Stage Profile score) and attainment at Key Stage 1; and (3) health-care costs.
Data sources
The following data sources were used: maternally reported baseline and follow-up data (BB:0–2), Hospital Episode Statistics data (NHS Digital), social care and educational data (National Pupil Database) and abortions data (Department of Health and Social Care).
Results
There were no differences between study arms in the rates of referral to social services, being registered as a child in need, receiving child protection plans, entering care or timing of first referral for children subsequently assessed as in need. There were no differences between study arms in rates of hospital emergency attendance, admission for injuries or ingestions, or in duration of stay for admitted children. Children in the Family Nurse Partnership arm were more likely to achieve a good level of development at reception age (school readiness), an effect strengthened when adjusting for birth month. Differences at Key Stage 1 were not statistically different, but, after adjusting for birth month, children in the Family Nurse Partnership arm were more likely to reach the expected standard in reading. Programme effects were greater for boys (Key Stage 1: writing); children of younger mothers (Key Stage 1: writing, Key Stage 1: mathematics); and children of mothers not in employment, education or training at study baseline (Key Stage 1: writing). There were no differences between families who were part of the Family Nurse Partnership and those who were not for any other outcome. The differences between study arms in resource use and costs were negligible.
Limitations
The outcomes are constrained to those available from routine sources.
Conclusions
There is no observable benefit of the programme for maltreatment or maternal outcomes, but it does generate advantages in school readiness and attainment at Key Stage 1.
Future work
The trajectory of longer-term programme benefits should be mapped using routine and participant-reported measures.
Funding
This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 9, No. 2. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Robling
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | - Julia Sanders
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lianna Angel
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sue Channon
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Kerenza Hood
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Joyce Kenkre
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
| | | | | | - Rhys Pockett
- Swansea Centre for Health Economics, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Jeremy Segrott
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Thomas Slater
- School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Saran A, White H, Albright K, Adona J. Mega-map of systematic reviews and evidence and gap maps on the interventions to improve child well-being in low- and middle-income countries. CAMPBELL SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2020; 16:e1116. [PMID: 37018457 PMCID: PMC8356294 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a considerable reduction in child mortality, nearly six million children under the age of five die each year. Millions more are poorly nourished and in many parts of the world, the quality of education remains poor. Children are at risk from multiple violations of their rights, including child labour, early marriage, and sexual exploitation. Research plays a crucial role in helping to close the remaining gaps in child well-being, yet the global evidence base for interventions to meet these challenges is mostly weak, scattered and often unusable by policymakers and practitioners. This mega-map encourages the generation and use of rigorous evidence on effective ways to improve child well-being for policy and programming. OBJECTIVES The aim of this mega-map is to identify, map and provide an overview of the existing evidence synthesis on the interventions aimed at improving child well-being in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS Campbell evidence and gap maps (EGMs) are based on a review of existing mapping standards (Saran & White, 2018) which drew in particular of the approach developed by 3ie (Snilstveit, Vojtkova, Bhavsar, & Gaarder, 2013). As defined in the Campbell EGM guidance paper; "Mega-map is a map of evidence synthesis, that is, systematic reviews, and does not include primary studies" (Campbell Collaboration, 2020). The mega-map on child well-being includes studies with participants aged 0-18 years, conducted in LMICs, and published from year 2000 onwards. The search followed strict inclusion criteria for interventions and outcomes in the domains of health, education, social work and welfare, social protection, environmental health, water supply and sanitation (WASH) and governance. Critical appraisal of included systematic reviews was conducted using "A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews"-AMSTAR-2 rating scale (Shea, et al., 2017). RESULTS We identified 333 systematic reviews and 23 EGMs. The number of studies being published has increased year-on-year since 2000. However, the distribution of studies across World Bank regions, intervention and outcome categories are uneven. Most systematic reviews examine interventions pertaining to traditional areas of health and education. Systematic reviews in these traditional areas are also the most funded. There is limited evidence in social work and social protection. About 69% (231) of the reviews are assessed to be of low and medium quality. There are evidence gaps with respect to key vulnerable populations, including children with disabilities and those who belong to minority groups. CONCLUSION Although an increasing number of systematic reviews addressing child well-being topics are being published, some clear gaps in the evidence remain in terms of quality of reviews and some interventions and outcome areas. The clear gap is the small number of reviews focusing explicitly on either equity or programmes for disadvantaged groups and those who are discriminated against.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jill Adona
- Philippines Institute of Development StudiesManilaPhilippines
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Momtaz V, Mansor M, Talib MA, Kahar RB, Momtaz T. Emotional Abuse Questionnaire (EAQ): A New Scale for Measuring Emotional Abuse and Psychological Maltreatment
1. JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jpr.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Momtaz
- Islamic Azad University
- University Putra Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Okato A, Hashimoto T, Tanaka M, Saito N, Endo M, Okayama J, Ichihara A, Eshima S, Handa S, Senda M, Sato Y, Watanabe H, Nakazato M, Iyo M. Inter-agency collaboration factors affecting multidisciplinary workers' ability to identify child maltreatment. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:323. [PMID: 32631454 PMCID: PMC7339586 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to clarify the factors of successful inter-agency collaboration that affect multidisciplinary workers' abilities to identify child maltreatment. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted; the contents of the questionnaire included the Collaboration Evaluation Scale we developed and the workers' abilities to identify child maltreatment. In total, 277 individuals from various agencies in Japan participated in this study. To examine the factors of successful inter-agency collaboration affecting workers' awareness of child maltreatment, we used hierarchical multiple regression analysis. RESULTS The analysis showed the positive effect of "commitment with loyalty" on the workers' awareness of child maltreatment-related information in all fields (β = .18-.31, p < .05), the effect of "strong leadership" on information about maltreated children and the home environment (β = .18, p < .05; β = .16, p < .05, respectively), and the effect of "resources" on the information about mothers' information during pregnancy and of fathers' feelings towards their children during the perinatal period (β = .17, p < .05; β = .22, p < .01, respectively). In conclusion, commitment with loyalty, strong leadership, and resources are factors of successful inter-agency collaboration that affects the ability of multidisciplinary workers to recognize signs of child maltreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Okato
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan. .,Department of Psychiatry, Sodegaura Satsukidai Hospital, 5-21 Nagauraekimae, Sodegaura, Chiba, 299-0246, Japan.
| | - Mami Tanaka
- Division of Clinical Study on Juvenile Delinquency, Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Naoki Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Division of Clinical Forensic Medicine, Education and Research Center of Legal Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Mamiko Endo
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Jun Okayama
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Akiko Ichihara
- Welfare and Medical Intelligence, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Saki Eshima
- Welfare and Medical Intelligence, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Satoshi Handa
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Senda
- Division of Clinical Forensic Medicine, Education and Research Center of Legal Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Asahi General Hospital, I-1326, Asahi, Chiba, 289-2511, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sato
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinju-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan.,Gakuji-Kai Kimura Hospital, 6-19, Higashi-Honcho, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-0004, Japan
| | - Michiko Nakazato
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Masaomi Iyo
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
West AL, Dauber S, Gagliardi L, Correll L, Lilli AC, Daniels J. Systematic Review of Community- and Home-Based Interventions to Support Parenting and Reduce Risk of Child Maltreatment Among Families With Substance-Exposed Newborns. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2020; 25:137-151. [PMID: 31409120 DOI: 10.1177/1077559519866272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Substance-exposed newborns (SENs) are at increased risk of child maltreatment, out-of-home placement, and poor health and developmental outcomes. The purpose of this systematic review is to synthesize existing research on community- and home-based interventions designed to improve parenting and reduce risk of maltreatment for families with SENs, applying a program logic framework. The review includes studies that used preexperimental, quasi-experimental, and experimental designs. Twelve interventions were identified. Of the nine studies that used more rigorous experimental or quasi-experimental designs, five showed positive effects on at least one parenting or child maltreatment outcome, although some studies showed high risk of bias. Full coherence among the intended participants, theory of change, and program components was observed for only two interventions. The findings suggest a need for more rigorous research to develop and test interventions that are grounded in theory and prior research and that address the unique needs of families with SENs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison L West
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Laina Gagliardi
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leeya Correll
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexandra Cirillo Lilli
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jane Daniels
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sustained Impact on Parenting Practices: Year 7 Findings from the Healthy Families New York Randomized Controlled Trial. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2020; 21:498-507. [PMID: 32162174 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-020-01110-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of maltreatment and harsh parenting are the primary goals of evidence-based home visiting programs, but rigorous studies demonstrating long-term outcomes are limited despite widespread implementation. The current study examines data from a 7-year follow-up study of a randomized controlled trial of Healthy Family New York (HFNY). Specifically, the study examines whether HFNY participation predicts lower rates of harsh and abusive parenting 7 years after enrollment. The data include both maternal self-report of parenting behaviors as well as the target child's report of harsh parenting. The year 7 sample included 942 mother interviews (83.5% retention from baseline) and 800 child interviews. At the 7-year follow-up, maternal-reported behaviors measured by CTS-PC showed a significantly increased use of positive parenting strategies and lower levels of serious physical abuse in the HFNY group compared with the control group. Significant group differences were observed for the frequency with which mothers engaged in severe or very severe physical assault (control group = .16, compared with .03 in the intervention group, p < .001). In addition, fewer children reported that their parents used minor physical assault. There was no intervention impact on indicated child protective service records. The current study indicates that home visiting participation reduces harsh and abusive parenting and promotes positive parenting behaviors that endure and may strengthen later development.
Collapse
|
24
|
Hefti S, Pérez T, Fürstenau U, Rhiner B, Swenson CC, Schmid M. Multisystemic Therapy for Child Abuse and Neglect: Do Parents Show Improvement in Parental Mental Health Problems and Parental Stress? JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2020; 46:95-109. [PMID: 30516844 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Multisystemic Therapy for Child Abuse and Neglect (MST-CAN) is an evidence-based program for families with children who experience maltreatment. This clinical trial is the first evaluation of MST-CAN in a German-speaking area. Parental psychological problems and parental stress have been shown to be risk factors for child abuse and neglect. By the end of treatment, parents reported significantly less psychological distress than before the start of MST-CAN. Six months after treatment, this reduction was still evident. However, parents did not report any significant reduction of parental stress at any of the three time points. MST-CAN is an effective intervention for child maltreatment that not only combats child abuse and neglect but also has the potential to alleviate parental psychological distress.
Collapse
|
25
|
Courtin E, Allchin E, Ding AJ, Layte R. The Role of Socioeconomic Interventions in Reducing Exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences: a Systematic Review. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40471-019-00216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
26
|
RCT evaluation of Skhokho: A holistic school intervention to prevent gender-based violence among South African Grade 8s. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223562. [PMID: 31661530 PMCID: PMC6818771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02349321.
Collapse
|
27
|
Moore M, Conrick KM, Fuentes M, Rowhani-Rahbar A, Graves JM, Patil D, Herrenkohl M, Mills B, Rivara FP, Ebel B, Vavilala MS. Research on Injury Disparities: A Scoping Review. Health Equity 2019; 3:504-511. [PMID: 31637361 PMCID: PMC6798805 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2019.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Research on disparities in traumatic injury has not been well characterized, limiting understanding of gaps in research and development of successful interventions. We conducted a scoping review to identify and synthesize research on disparities in intentional and unintentional traumatic injuries. Methods: The review was guided by PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews. PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and CINAHL and systematic reviews from 2007 to 2017 were searched. Eligible articles were peer reviewed; conducted in the United States; and reported on clearly defined physical trauma and disparity, defined by Cochrane PROGRESS-Plus criteria. One reviewer assessed article titles and a second reviewer validated the inclusion with a random sample. Abstract and full-text review by two reviewers determined final inclusion. Results: Of 7382 unique articles screened, 653 articles were included; inter-rater agreement was high (K=0.995). Studies reported on disparities in the acute hospital setting (104) or postacute/rehabilitation (86), with fewer focused on prevention (57) and policy development (6). Research methods used were quantitative (593) with 25 intervention studies, qualitative (45), qualitative/quantitative (7), and community-based participatory research (8). Age ranges of included studies were all ages (124), adults (318), pediatric/youth/adolescents (172), and older adults (40). Racial disparities were most commonly measured (439 studies); 38 created a white/nonwhite binary. Other commonly measured disparities were place of residence (122), insurance (111 studies), gender (89), age (75), and socioeconomic status measures (61). Disparities were noted in all of the categories. Studies commonly aggregated all types of traumatic injuries (129) or all types of violence (105). Conclusions: The extant injury literature lacks research on prevention and policy to address disparities. Many studies aggregated types of trauma and patient groups, preventing an understanding of distinctions between groups and potential interventions. Intervention and community-based research strategies were limited. Future research can better specify measurement of understudied equity categories, trauma types and intent, and racial groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Moore
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kelsey M Conrick
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Molly Fuentes
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Rehabilitation, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ali Rowhani-Rahbar
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Janessa M Graves
- College of Nursing, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Divya Patil
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Madeline Herrenkohl
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Brianna Mills
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Frederick P Rivara
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Rehabilitation, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Beth Ebel
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Rehabilitation, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Monica S Vavilala
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Purpose of review Violence prevention research has enhanced our understanding of individual and community risk and protective factors for aggression and violence. However, our knowledge of risk and protective factors for violence is highly dependent on observational studies, since there are few randomized trials of risk and protective factors for violence. Observational studies are susceptible to systematic errors, specifically confounding, and may lack internal validity. Recent findings Many violence prevention studies utilize methods that do not correctly identify the set of covariates needed for statistical adjustment. This results in unwarranted matching and restriction leading to further confounding or selection bias. Covariate adjustment based on purely statistical criteria generates inconsistent results and uncertain conclusions. Summary Conventional methods used to identify confounding in violence prevention research are often inadequate. Causal diagrams have potential to improve the understanding and identification of potential confounding biases in observational violence prevention studies, and methods like sensitivity analysis using quantitative bias analysis can help to address unmeasured confounding. Violence research studies should make more use of these methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shabbar I Ranapurwala
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Moon KY, Lee SYI, Lee AR, An KY, Jung KS, Paek KI, Kang HA, Kang JY, Chung SA. Perception of Child Abuse and Child Disciplinary Practice among Adults Abused as Children: Comparison to General Population. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2019; 30:57-65. [PMID: 32595322 PMCID: PMC7289501 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.180032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare differences in perception and knowledge of child abuse and child disciplinary practices according to the history of child abuse victimization. Methods: A questionnaire survey on child abuse was conducted with 491 adults raising children. We compared the perception and knowledge of child abuse and child disciplinary practices between two groups of adults with and without a history of childhood abuse victimization. Results: The group with a history of childhood abuse had lower levels of knowledge of child abuse (F=6.990, p<0.01) and engaged in more negative disciplinary practices (F=5.974, p<0.05) than those without. However, no differences in the perception of child abuse were observed between the two groups. Conclusion: The results suggest that adults with a history of childhood abuse have lower levels of knowledge of child abuse and use more negative disciplinary practices in raising their children. This highlights the need to administer not only educational but also more direct hands-on interventions to vulnerable parents in order to foster healthy parenting and disciplinary practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ka Young Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - So Young Irene Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - A Reum Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Ka Yeong An
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Jung
- Division of law, College of Law, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Il Paek
- Division of law, College of Law, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Kang
- Division of Child Welfare & Studies, College of Human Ecology, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Kang
- Division of Child Welfare & Studies, College of Human Ecology, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shun Ah Chung
- Division of Child Welfare & Studies, College of Human Ecology, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Clemens V, Berthold O, Witt A, Sachser C, Brähler E, Plener PL, Strauß B, Fegert JM. Child maltreatment is mediating long-term consequences of household dysfunction in a population representative sample. Eur Psychiatry 2019; 58:10-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackground:Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) exhibit long-lasting consequences on later life and are considered as a major public health problem. ACEs can be divided into household dysfunctions, which affect the child indirectly, and direct maltreatment. As a high correlation between ACEs in general is known, we assessed the risk for child maltreatment associated with the occurrence of household dysfunctions. To provide a better understanding for the mechanisms leading to the deleterious sequelae of ACEs, we furthermore assessed whether the long-term consequences of household dysfunction are mediated by child maltreatment and thereby might be targeted by effective child protection programs.Methods:A representative sample of the German population above the age of 14 (N = 2531) was assessed in a cross-sectional observational population-based survey.Results:The data reveal that mental illness of a household member was associated with significantly increased risks for all child maltreatment subtypes (ORs 4.95–5.55), just as household substance abuse (ORs 5.32–6.98), violence against the mother (ORs 4.43–10.26), incarceration of a household member (ORs 6.11–14.93) and parental separation (OR 3.37–4.87). Child maltreatment partially mediated the association of household mental illness, substance abuse and parental separation with later depression, anxiety, life satisfaction and subjective general health status and completely mediated the associations of intimate partner violence (IPV) and incarceration of a household member with anxiety, depression and subjective health status in adulthood.Conclusions:ACEs linked to household dysfunction are associated with an increased risk for all subtypes of child maltreatment. The assessed widespread consequences of household dysfunction are mediated by child maltreatment. This underlines the role of prevention of child maltreatment in families with household dysfunction and implies child protection as a priority in any interventions.
Collapse
|
31
|
Pasalich DS, Fleming CB, Spieker SJ, Lohr MJ, Oxford ML. Does Parents' Own History of Child Abuse Moderate the Effectiveness of the Promoting First Relationships® Intervention in Child Welfare? CHILD MALTREATMENT 2019; 24:56-65. [PMID: 30428707 DOI: 10.1177/1077559518809217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To better understand how and for whom parenting intervention may improve family outcomes in child welfare services, we examined whether parents' own history of child abuse moderated the indirect effects of the Promoting First Relationships® (PFR) intervention on toddlers' secure base behavior via parental sensitivity. Parents ( N = 247) and their toddlers (10-24 months) involved with child protective services were randomized to PFR or a control intervention. Results showed that the PFR group demonstrated greater parental sensitivity at postintervention than the control group, which in turn led to higher levels of toddler secure base behavior at 6-month follow-up. Findings from a moderated mediation model indicated that these intervention effects were only evident for parents who experienced physical abuse in their childhood. Parents' history of sexual or emotional abuse did not significantly moderate outcomes. These results provide evidence for a key mechanism of change in PFR informed by attachment theory and suggest that PFR intervention effects may be stronger in parents at higher risk of the intergenerational transmission of abuse.
Collapse
|
32
|
Ruiz-Casares M, Lilley S, Thombs BD, Platt RW, Scott S, Isdijoso W, Hermanus E, Andrina M, Mayo N. Protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating a parenting with home visitation programme to prevent physical and emotional abuse of children in Indonesia: the Families First Programme. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e021751. [PMID: 30782674 PMCID: PMC6340427 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Every year, up to 1 billion children are victims of violence worldwide. Most child abuse takes place in the context of punishment. The Families First Programme, an adaptation of the Positive Discipline in Everyday Parenting Programme to the West Java context, is a parenting support programme anchored on children's rights that gives parents guidance on child development, parenting and positive discipline practices. This trial will evaluate the effectiveness of the Families First Programme compared with a waitlist control group. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a pragmatic, parallel-group, stratified, cluster-randomised controlled trial. Twenty rural and urban villages in the Cianjur District, Indonesia, involving 720 caregivers of children up to 7 years of age, will be randomised. Villages will receive either a parenting programme consisting of 10 group sessions and four home visits over 3 months and standard community health and social services or just the latter. After completion of the trial period, the programme will be offered to those in the delayed group. Outcome data will be collected before randomisation (baseline), immediately postintervention (3 months postrandomisation) and 6 months later (9 months postrandomisation). The primary outcome will be frequency of physical and emotional punishment as measured by a weighted sum from three self-report items. Primary outcome analysis will use Poisson regression with generalised estimating equations and assess the interaction between intervention and time over baseline and 3 and 9 months postrandomisation assessments. Concurrent process evaluation will be conducted to assess programme satisfaction and facilitators and barriers to the implementation of the programme generalisable to other settings. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval was obtained from McGill University and Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences and events for decision-makers, including in the participating communities. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03374761.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Ruiz-Casares
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- CIUSSS du Centre-Ouest-de-l'île-de-Montréal, SHERPA University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Brett D Thombs
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert William Platt
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Susan Scott
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Nancy Mayo
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
de Vries B, van Busschbach JT, van der Stouwe ECD, Aleman A, van Dijk JJM, Lysaker PH, Arends J, Nijman SA, Pijnenborg GHM. Prevalence Rate and Risk Factors of Victimization in Adult Patients With a Psychotic Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:114-126. [PMID: 29547958 PMCID: PMC6293237 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Psychotic disorders often have been linked with violence. However, studies have shown that people with a psychotic disorder are more often victim than perpetrator of violence. The objective of this meta-analysis was to review prevalence rates for different types of victimization and to identify risk factors associated with victimization. Based on a search in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science, 27 studies were found with samples consisting of adults with a psychotic disorder and possible victimization occurring during adulthood and data on "violent victimization," "sexual victimization," "non-violent victimization," and/or "victimization not otherwise specified." The median prevalence rate for violent victimization was 20%, for sexual victimization 20%, nonviolent victimization 19%, and for victimization not otherwise specified 19%. Victimization rates were approximately 4-6 times higher than in the general community. Meta-analyses showed the following significant risk factors: delusion (OR = 1.69), hallucinations (OR = 1.70), manic symptoms (OR = 1.66), drugs (OR = 1.90) or alcohol abuse (OR = 2.05), perpetration of a crime (OR = 4.33), unemployment (OR = 1.31), and homelessness (OR = 2.49). Other risk factors like previous victimization, impaired social functioning, personality disorder, and living in a disadvantaged neighborhood were found only in 1 or 2 studies. Based on the results, we conclude that, depending on the examined time period, 1 in 5 (assessment period ≤3 y) or 1 in 3 (assessment period entire adulthood) people with a psychotic disorder was victim of a crime. Clinical, behavioral, and sociodemographic factors were significantly associated with victimization, as well as previous victimization. Prospective research into risk factors is needed to capture causal trajectories of victimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bertine de Vries
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands; tel: 503-637-779, e-mail:
| | - Jooske T van Busschbach
- University Medical Center Groningen, University Center of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Movement and Education, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth C D van der Stouwe
- University Medical Center Groningen, University Center of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, BCN Neuroimaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - André Aleman
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, BCN Neuroimaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan J M van Dijk
- International Victimology Institute INTERVICT, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Paul H Lysaker
- Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Johan Arends
- Department of Psychotic Disorders, GGZ Drenthe, Assen, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia A Nijman
- University Medical Center Groningen, University Center of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychotic Disorders, GGZ Drenthe, Assen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerdina H M Pijnenborg
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychotic Disorders, GGZ Drenthe, Assen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
McCabe BE, Lai BS, Gonzalez-Guarda RM, Peragallo Montano N. Childhood Abuse and Adulthood IPV, Depression, and High-Risk Drinking in Latinas. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2018; 39:1004-1009. [PMID: 30346229 PMCID: PMC6417954 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2018.1505984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about relationships between child maltreatment and adulthood intimate partner violence (IPV), depression, and risky drinking in Latinas. 548 Latinas in a sexual health randomized control trial (RCT) self-reported childhood physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, IPV, depression, and risky drinking. Childhood abuse was related to adulthood IPV, OR = 1.27, depression, OR = 2.02, and high-risk drinking, OR = 2.16. Childhood emotional abuse was linked to depression, OR = 2.19; childhood physical abuse to risky drinking, OR = 2.62; and childhood sexual abuse to depression, OR = 2.78 and risky drinking, OR = 2.38. Results may inform prevention/intervention efforts for mental health nurses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian E McCabe
- a School of Nursing & Health Studies , University of Miami , Coral Gables , FL , USA
| | - Betty S Lai
- b Department of Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology, Lynch School of Education , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , MA , USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kolko DJ, Herschell AD, Baumann BL, Hart JA, Wisniewski SR. AF-CBT for Families Experiencing Physical Aggression or Abuse Served by the Mental Health or Child Welfare System: An Effectiveness Trial. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2018; 23:319-333. [PMID: 30009632 DOI: 10.1177/1077559518781068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Partnerships for Families project is a randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of Alternatives for Families: A Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (AF-CBT), an evidence-based treatment (EBT) for families who are at risk of or have histories of child physical abuse. Across 10 agencies whose programs were supported by referrals from the mental health or child welfare system, individual providers were randomized to receive AF-CBT training ( n = 90) in a 6-month learning community or treatment as usual (TAU; n = 92) which provided trainings per agency routine. We recruited families served by providers in the AF-CBT ( n = 122) and TAU ( n = 73) conditions and collected multiple outcomes at up to four time points (0, 6, 12, and 18 months). Using univariate tests and growth curve models, the analyses revealed that AF-CBT (vs. TAU) showed improvements in both service systems (e.g., abuse risk, family dysfunction) or one service system (e.g., threats of force, child to parent minor assault), with some outcomes showing no improvement (e.g., parental anger). These findings are discussed in relation to AF-CBT, service system, provider, and family characteristics, and training/dissemination methods that affect the delivery of an EBT for this population in community settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Kolko
- 1 Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Barbara L Baumann
- 1 Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Hart
- 3 Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen R Wisniewski
- 4 University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Santos VD, Silva PHDD, Gandolfi L. Parents' use of physical and verbal punishment: cross-sectional study in underprivileged neighborhoods. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2018; 94:511-517. [PMID: 28958798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the past-year prevalence of parental use of verbal and physical discipline in an urban sample. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted in two underprivileged neighborhoods with nearly 80,000 inhabitants. Complex sampling was used. The households were selected by applying two-stage probabilistic sampling with stratification. A total of 401 households (sample error=0.1) were selected by maximizing the variance (p=0.5). The cluster sampling indicated 33 census units (sample error=0.05). The Brazilian Portuguese version of the WorldSAFE Core Questionnaire was used to assess parental use of moderate verbal discipline, harsh verbal discipline, moderate physical discipline, and harsh physical discipline. This questionnaire asks how often mothers (respondent) and/or their husband or partner use specific disciplinary tactics. RESULTS The mean age of children and adolescents was 9 years (SD: 4.5). The prevalence of harsh verbal discipline was approximately 37% (28.3% [95% CI: 23.4-33.3%] for more than three times). The prevalence of harsh physical discipline was approximately 30% (21.8% [CI: 18.2-25.4%] for more than three times). Boys had higher odds of receiving harsh physical discipline [OR: 1.56, p<0.05]. Children and adolescents with learning problems and developmental delays had higher odds of being exposed to harsh discipline than their peers without these problems. Children and adolescents with chronic health conditions (e.g., asthma) had lower odds of receiving harsh physical discipline (OR: 0.4; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Parental abuse was embedded within children and adolescents rearing practices in these two underprivileged neighborhoods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vagner Dos Santos
- Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Faculdade de Ceilândia, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | | | - Lenora Gandolfi
- Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Parents’ use of physical and verbal punishment: cross‐sectional study in underprivileged neighborhoods. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
38
|
Wiehn J, Hornberg C, Fischer F. How adverse childhood experiences relate to single and multiple health risk behaviours in German public university students: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1005. [PMID: 30103728 PMCID: PMC6090638 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5926-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been shown to be linked to health risk behaviours (HRBs). This study aims to identify risk factors for ACEs and to examine the associations between ACEs and single and multiple HRBs in a sample of university students in Germany. Methods An online-based cross-sectional study was conducted among public university students (N = 1466). The widely applied ACE questionnaire was used and extended to operationalise 13 categories of childhood adversity. First, variables for each type of ACE and HRB were dichotomised (single ACEs and single HRBs), and then used for cumulative scores (multiple ACEs and multiple HRBs). Frequencies were assessed, and (multinomial) logistic regression analyses were performed. Results Prevalence rates of ACEs ranged from 3.9 to 34.0%, depending on the type of childhood adversity. Sociodemographic risk and protective factors for single/multiple ACEs varied strongly depending on the outcome. In particular, a high family socioeconomic status seemed to be a consistent protective factor for most ACEs. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, both single and multiple HRBs were associated with single events of ACEs. Moreover, dose-response relationships between multiple ACEs and various single and multiple HRBs were found. Conclusions The study provides strong evidence that ACEs are associated with HRBs. The number of ACEs may play a role in single or multiple HRBs. Reducing the number of ACEs could thus decrease HRBs, which account for many of the leading causes of morbidity and death. The findings highlight the importance of trauma-informed health interventions designed to prevent the occurrence of ACEs, and build capacity among children and adults. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5926-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jascha Wiehn
- Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, P.O. Box 100 131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Claudia Hornberg
- Department of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, P.O. Box 100 131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Florian Fischer
- Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, P.O. Box 100 131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Doyle JJ, Aizer A. Economics of Child Protection: Maltreatment, Foster Care, and Intimate Partner Violence. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECONOMICS 2018; 10:87-108. [PMID: 31007830 PMCID: PMC6469872 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-economics-080217-053237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Violence within families and child neglect are strikingly common: 700,000 children are found to be victims of abuse or neglect in the United States each year; over the course of childhood, 6% of children are placed in foster care, and 18% witness intimate partner violence. These children are at much higher risks of homelessness, criminal justice involvement, unemployment, and chronic health conditions compared to their neighbors. This article reviews the state of the economics literature on the causes and consequences of child maltreatment and intimate partner violence and calls for greater research into interventions aimed at improving child well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Doyle
- Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA;
- National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Anna Aizer
- National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Economics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Musa S, Peek-Asa C, Jovanović N, Selimović E. Association of adverse childhood experiences and health risk behaviors among young adults visiting a regional primary healthcare center, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194439. [PMID: 29596442 PMCID: PMC5875750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have linked adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to long-term health outcomes, as well as health risk behaviors. In the post-war period in Bosnia and Herzegovina, many young people grew up in an environment of deteriorated living standards due to high unemployment and economic insecurity. The objectives of the study were to: 1) describe the health risk behaviors of young adults accessing primary healthcare; and 2) examine associations of these risk factors with adverse childhood experiences in this context. Methods This was a cross-sectional survey, conducted from April to October 2014. Participants were recruited from the Primary Healthcare Center Zenica. Patients between the ages of 18 and 24 were eligible for inclusion. The informed consent and self-administered questionnaire were offered to patients during clinic intake. The questionnaire contained questions on sexual and reproductive health, use of alcohol and drugs, dating violence, and adverse childhood experiences. Results During the study period 520 questionnaires were distributed, and 400 complete surveys were returned, for a response rate of 76.9%. Among the 400 respondents, 166 were males (41.5%) and 234 were females (58.5%). Our study showed that 48.7% of respondents had experienced some form of childhood adversity. Emotional neglect was the most common type of adverse childhood experience (25.6%) and was significantly more prevalent among females. Our study indicated that more than 15% of respondents had witnessed domestic violence. Overall, ACEs were associated with increased odds of early sex initiation, alcohol use, drug use, and dating violence, although some of these associations did not reach statistical significance. Emotional neglect was the exception, and reporting emotional neglect was associated with a significantly elevated odds ratio for all four of the health risk behaviors. Emotional abuse was associated with an increased odds of drug abuse (OR = 2.78; 95% CI = 1.31–5.90) and dating violence (OR = 2.31; 95% CI = 1.10–4.89). Sexual abuse was marginally associated with increased early sex initiation (OR = 3.2; 95% CI 0.93–10.8). Parental divorce was significantly associated with alcohol abuse. Conclusion The results of this study demonstrated associations between adverse experiences in childhood and the probability of engaging in health risk behavior which has implications for health outcomes in the long-term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjin Musa
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- * E-mail:
| | - Corrine Peek-Asa
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Nina Jovanović
- Department of Ophthalmology, County Hospital Zenica, Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Edin Selimović
- Department of Dentistry, Healthcare Center of Zenica, Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Okato A, Hashimoto T, Tanaka M, Tachibana M, Machizawa A, Okayama J, Endo M, Senda M, Saito N, Iyo M. Hospital-based child protection teams that care for parents who abuse or neglect their children recognize the need for multidisciplinary collaborative practice involving perinatal care and mental health professionals: a questionnaire survey conducted in Japan. J Multidiscip Healthc 2018; 11:121-130. [PMID: 29503560 PMCID: PMC5826206 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s155352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Child abuse and/or neglect is a serious issue, and in many cases, parents are the perpetrators. Hospital-based child protection teams (CPTs) play pivotal roles in the management of not only abused and/or neglected children but also of their parents; this is generally conducted through multidisciplinary practice. The aim of this study is to survey hospital-based CPT members to determine the professions they perceive to be most applicable to participation in CPTs. Participants and methods The participants were members of CPTs affiliated with hospitals that had pediatric emergency departments and which were located in Chiba Prefecture; specifically, 114 CPT members from 23 hospitals responded to this survey. The two main questionnaire items concerned are as follows: 1) each respondent’s evaluation of conducting assessments, providing support, and implementing multidisciplinary collaborative practice in the treatment of abusive and negligent parents, and 2) each CPT member’s opinion on the professions that are most important for CPT activities. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to explore the factor structure of the data, and a correlation analysis was performed using the result obtained. Results The EFA returned two factors: multidisciplinary collaborative practice (α = 0.84) and assessment and support (α = 0.89). A correlational analysis showed that multidisciplinary collaborative practice had a positive correlation for obstetricians (r = 0.315, p = 0.001), neonatologists (r = 0.261, p = 0.007), midwives (r = 0.248, p = 0.011), and psychiatrists (r = 0.194, p = 0.048); however, assessment and support was only significantly correlated with midwives (r = 0.208, p = 0.039). Conclusion This study showed that hospital-based CPT members highly evaluate multidisciplinary collaborative practice for the management of abusive and/or negligent parents, and they believe that, in addition to pediatric physicians and nurses, perinatal care and mental health professionals are the most important participants in advanced CPT activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Okato
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
| | - Tasuku Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
| | - Mami Tanaka
- Division of Clinical Study on Juvenile Delinquency, Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University
| | - Masumi Tachibana
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
| | | | - Jun Okayama
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
| | - Mamiko Endo
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
| | - Masayoshi Senda
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahi General Hospital.,Division of Clinical Forensic Medicine, Education and Research Center of Legal Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoki Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University.,Division of Clinical Forensic Medicine, Education and Research Center of Legal Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaomi Iyo
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Cluver LD, Meinck F, Steinert JI, Shenderovich Y, Doubt J, Herrero Romero R, Lombard CJ, Redfern A, Ward CL, Tsoanyane S, Nzima D, Sibanda N, Wittesaele C, De Stone S, Boyes ME, Catanho R, Lachman JM, Salah N, Nocuza M, Gardner F. Parenting for Lifelong Health: a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial of a non-commercialised parenting programme for adolescents and their families in South Africa. BMJ Glob Health 2018; 3:e000539. [PMID: 29564157 PMCID: PMC5859808 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of 'Parenting for Lifelong Health: Sinovuyo Teen', a parenting programme for adolescents in low-income and middle-income countries, on abuse and parenting practices. DESIGN Pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING 40 villages/urban sites (clusters) in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa. PARTICIPANTS 552 families reporting conflict with their adolescents (aged 10-18). INTERVENTION Intervention clusters (n=20) received a 14-session parent and adolescent programme delivered by trained community members. Control clusters (n=20) received a hygiene and hand-washing promotion programme. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcomes: abuse and parenting practices at 1 and 5-9 months postintervention. Secondary outcomes: caregiver and adolescent mental health and substance use, adolescent behavioural problems, social support, exposure to community violence and family financial well-being at 5-9 months postintervention. Blinding was not possible. RESULTS At 5-9 months postintervention, the intervention was associated with lower abuse (caregiver report incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.55 (95% CI 0.40 to 0.75, P<0.001); corporal punishment (caregiver report IRR=0.55 (95% CI 0.37 to 0.83, P=0.004)); improved positive parenting (caregiver report d=0.25 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.47, P=0.024)), involved parenting (caregiver report d=0.86 (95% CI 0.64 to 1.08, P<0.001); adolescent report d=0.28 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.48, P=0.006)) and less poor supervision (caregiver report d=-0.50 (95% CI -0.70 to -0.29, P<0.001); adolescent report d=-0.34 (95% CI -0.55 to -0.12, P=0.002)), but not decreased neglect (caregiver report IRR 0.31 (95% CI 0.09 to 1.08, P=0.066); adolescent report IRR 1.46 (95% CI 0.75 to 2.85, P=0.264)), inconsistent discipline (caregiver report d=-0.14 (95% CI -0.36 to 0.09, P=0.229); adolescent report d=0.03 (95% CI -0.20 to 0.26, P=0.804)), or adolescent report of abuse IRR=0.90 (95% CI 0.66 to 1.24, P=0.508) and corporal punishment IRR=1.05 (95% CI 0.70 to 1.57, P=0.819). Secondary outcomes showed reductions in caregiver corporal punishment endorsement, mental health problems, parenting stress, substance use and increased social support (all caregiver report). Intervention adolescents reported no differences in mental health, behaviour or community violence, but had lower substance use (all adolescent report). Intervention families had improved economic welfare, financial management and more violence avoidance planning (in caregiver and adolescent report). No adverse effects were detected. CONCLUSIONS This parenting programme shows promise for reducing violence, improving parenting and family functioning in low-resource settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Pan-African Clinical Trials Registry PACTR201507001119966.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie D Cluver
- Centre for Evidence-Based Interventions, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Franziska Meinck
- Centre for Evidence-Based Interventions, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- OPTENTIA Research Focus Group, School of Behavioural Sciences, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Janina I Steinert
- Centre for Evidence-Based Interventions, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yulia Shenderovich
- Centre for Evidence-Based Interventions, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jenny Doubt
- Centre for Evidence-Based Interventions, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- UNICEF Innocenti Office of Research, Florence, Italy
| | - Rocio Herrero Romero
- Centre for Evidence-Based Interventions, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carl J Lombard
- Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alice Redfern
- Centre for Evidence-Based Interventions, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine L Ward
- Department of Psychology and Safety and Violence Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Divane Nzima
- Department of Sociology & Anthropology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- Ali-Douglas Research Network, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - Nkosiyapha Sibanda
- Department of International Development, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Camille Wittesaele
- Centre for Evidence-Based Interventions, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Mark E Boyes
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ricardo Catanho
- Centre for Evidence-Based Interventions, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jamie McLaren Lachman
- Centre for Evidence-Based Interventions, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clowns Without Borders South Africa, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nasteha Salah
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Mzuvukile Nocuza
- Centre for Evidence-Based Interventions, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Frances Gardner
- Centre for Evidence-Based Interventions, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Doom JR, Mason SM, Suglia SF, Clark CJ. Pathways between childhood/adolescent adversity, adolescent socioeconomic status, and long-term cardiovascular disease risk in young adulthood. Soc Sci Med 2017; 188:166-175. [PMID: 28747248 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study investigated mediators between childhood/adolescent adversities (e.g., dating violence, maltreatment, homelessness, and parental death), low socioeconomic status (SES) during adolescence, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in young adulthood. The purpose of these analyses was to understand whether SES during adolescence and childhood/adolescent adversities affect CVD risk through similar pathways, including maternal relationship quality, health behaviors, financial stress, medical/dental care, educational attainment, sleep problems, and depressive symptoms. METHODS Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 14,493), which has followed US adolescents (Wave 1; M = 15.9 years) through early adulthood (Wave 4; M = 28.9 years), associations were examined between childhood/adolescent adversity and SES to 30-year CVD risk in young adulthood. The outcome was a Framingham-based prediction model of CVD risk that included age, sex, body mass index, smoking, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, and antihypertensive medication use at Wave 4. Path analysis was used to examine paths through the adolescent maternal relationship to young adult mediators of CVD risk. RESULTS Childhood/adolescent adversity significantly predicted greater adult CVD risk through the following pathways: maternal relationship, health behaviors, financial stress, lack of medical/dental care, and educational attainment; but not through depressive symptoms or sleep problems. Lower SES during adolescence significantly predicted greater adult CVD risk through the following pathways: health behaviors, financial stress, lack of medical/dental care, and educational attainment, but not maternal relationship, depressive symptoms, or sleep problems. CONCLUSIONS Childhood/adolescent adversities and SES affected CVD risk in young adulthood through both similar and unique pathways that may inform interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenalee R Doom
- Center for Human Growth & Development, University of Michigan, 300 N. Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5406, USA.
| | - Susan M Mason
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 S. Second Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA.
| | - Shakira F Suglia
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Cari Jo Clark
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Affiliation(s)
- Carol D Berkowitz
- From the Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Torrance, CA
| |
Collapse
|