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Devita S, Bozicevic L, Deforges C, Ciavarella L, Tolsa JF, Sandoz V, Horsch A. Early mother-infant interactions within the context of childbirth-related posttraumatic stress symptoms. J Affect Disord 2024; 365:S0165-0327(24)01236-9. [PMID: 39151764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childbirth can lead to perinatal mental health issues, such as childbirth-related posttraumatic stress symptoms (CB-PTSS), depression, and anxiety. Despite well explored mother-infant interactions in the context of maternal depression and anxiety, only limited studies investigated mother-infant interactions in the context of CB-PTSS, which is the aim of the present study. METHODS A hundred mother-infant dyads in the French speaking part of Switzerland were classified into three groups: birth-related symptoms (BRS, i.e., symptoms of re-experiencing and avoidance) (n = 20), general symptoms (GS, i.e., symptoms of negative cognition and mood and hyperarousal) (n = 46), and non-symptomatic (NS) (n = 34) based on maternal report on PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). At six months postpartum, mother-infant interactions were video-recorded and their quality was assessed using the Global Rating Scale. Data was analyzed using ordinal logistic and negative binomial regressions. RESULTS In the adjusted model, mothers in BRS group engaged in more frequent coercions compared to the NS group (B = -1.46, p = 0.01, 95%CI = -2.63, -0.36) and showed lower reciprocity in their interactions with their infants compared to the GS group (B = 1.21, p = 0.03, 95%CI = 0.05, 3.37). LIMITATIONS The use of a cross-sectional design limited the exploration of how consistent these findings are regarding mother-infant interactions between groups over time. CONCLUSIONS Mothers with higher BRS need support to improve interactions with their infants. Future studies should consider longitudinal design to observe mother-infant interaction changes between CB-PTSS groups over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sella Devita
- Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare (IUFRS), University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Bozicevic
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Camille Deforges
- Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare (IUFRS), University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Ciavarella
- Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare (IUFRS), University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-François Tolsa
- Department Woman-Mother-Child, Clinic of Neonatology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vania Sandoz
- Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare (IUFRS), University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department Woman-Mother-Child, Child Abuse and Neglect Team, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antje Horsch
- Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare (IUFRS), University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department Woman-Mother-Child, Clinic of Neonatology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Burgund Isakov A, Markovic V. Systematic Review of Trauma-Informed Approaches and Trauma-Informed Care for Forced Migrant Families: Concepts and Contexts. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024:15248380241266161. [PMID: 39126194 DOI: 10.1177/15248380241266161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
In the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the forced migrant and refugee population in Europe. As the journey to arrive at the country of destination is mostly irregular, research has shown that forced migrants survive a number of traumatic experiences trying to reach safety and ensure the well-being of themselves and their families. Since research shows that exposure to traumatic experiences refugee and migrant families endure on their journey is severe, a systematic literature review was conducted to understand the concept of trauma-informed approaches for migrant and refugee families. A total of seven research databases have been a part of this study, and the search resulted in 45 papers that were analyzed and their results presented. The following inclusion criteria were considered: (a) migrant/refugee families living with their children and (b) migrant/refugee families approaching care (health, social, educational, legal). Inclusion criteria refer to phenomenological studies, consider trauma/resilience of migrant/refugee families, include studies that are published in English language only; published literature only; 2013 onwards, and only full-text studies. The results of this analysis imply that papers are more focused on the experiences of trauma than on the approaches to treat it. However, this analysis did result in identifying approaches, interventions, and tools in working with trauma refugee and migrant families. Trauma-informed approaches for forced migrant families require a culturally adapted response provided across all sectors of family support to refugees and migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Violeta Markovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Political Science, Belgrade, Serbia
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3
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Vass A, Haj-Yahia MM. "I Have to Make Sure She Is Not Sad": Children's Perceptions of Their Mothers' Experiences in Shelters for Battered Women. Violence Against Women 2024; 30:2549-2571. [PMID: 36913742 DOI: 10.1177/10778012231159416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
A qualitative study examined children's subjective perception of their mother's situation during their stay in shelters for battered women (SBW). Thirty-two children, aged 7-12 years, who were staying with their mothers in SBWs participated in this study. Thematic analysis revealed the following two core themes: children's perceptions and insights, and feelings that were related to their perceptions. The findings are discussed in light of the concepts of exposure to IPV as a lived trauma, and re-exposure to violence in new contexts, and the role of the relationship with the abused mother in shaping the child's well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Vass
- School of Social Work, McGill university, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Muhammad M Haj-Yahia
- Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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4
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Fogarty A, Brown S, Gartland D, McMahon G, FitzPatrick K, Seymour M, Kimber M, MacMillan H, Giallo R. Patterns of intimate partner violence exposure across the first 10 years of life and children's emotional-behavioural outcomes at 10 years. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 153:106814. [PMID: 38701670 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with emotional-behavioural problems. However, little is known about children's emotional-behavioural outcomes following exposure to different long-term patterns of IPV. OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to investigate the emotional-behavioural functioning of children at 10 years of age following exposure to different patterns of IPV across the first 10 years of life. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Data for this study was drawn from the Mothers' and Young People's Study- a longitudinal study of 1507 first time mothers and their first born child. METHODS Women were recruited during pregnancy from six public hospitals in Victoria, Australia. Data was collected during pregnancy, and at one, four and ten years postpartum. Four patterns of IPV exposure were previously identified: (a) minimal IPV exposure; (b) early IPV; (c) Increasing IPV; and (d) persistent IPV. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between IPV exposure and emotional-behavioural outcomes. RESULTS Exposure to early, increasing, or persistent IPV was associated with increased odds of experiencing emotional-behavioural difficulties (OR 2.15-2.97). Children exposed to a persistent pattern of IPV experienced over 6 times the odds of conduct problems (OR = 6.15 CI = 2.3-16.44). CONCLUSIONS Children exposed to early, increasing, or persistent IPV experienced increased odds of emotional-behavioural problems at age 10, regardless of the duration or type of violence they were exposed to. However, children exposed to persistent IPV across childhood appeared to experience the highest odds of emotional-behavioural difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Fogarty
- Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Australia; School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong 3125, Australia.
| | - Stephanie Brown
- Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Australia; Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, 780 Elizabeth St, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Deirdre Gartland
- Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Grace McMahon
- Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Kelly FitzPatrick
- Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Monique Seymour
- Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Australia; School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong 3125, Australia
| | - Melissa Kimber
- Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, Oxford Centre for Child Studies, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harriet MacMillan
- Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, Oxford Centre for Child Studies, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca Giallo
- Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Australia; School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong 3125, Australia
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Manley L, Nepomnyaschy L. Exposure to maternal experiences of IPV in early childhood and sleep health in adolescence. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 152:106803. [PMID: 38657490 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Half of US women will experience intimate partner violence (IPV), and nearly all children in families experiencing such violence will be exposed. The negative effects of IPV exposure on children's mental and physical health are well-documented; however, less is known about effects on children's sleep health, a key marker of well-being. OBJECTIVE This study examines the associations of early childhood exposure to maternal experiences of IPV with sleep health in adolescence, focusing on multiple dimensions of sleep health and differences by child sex. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING We rely on data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a population-based study following 5000 children in large US cities, from birth to age 15. Analyses are based on 2687 adolescents interviewed at the year-15 follow-up. METHODS Early childhood exposure to IPV is based on mothers' reports of her experiences of IPV from the child's birth to age 5. Adolescent sleep health is measured using 6 items approximating the BEARS sleep problem scale, at age 15. We estimate multivariate linear regression models to examine associations of early childhood IPV exposure with adolescent sleep health and stratify models by child sex. RESULTS Early childhood IPV exposure is associated with worse overall sleep health (β = 0.08; p < 0.001) and multiple dimensions of poor sleep health in adolescence. Associations are notably stronger among girls than boys. CONCLUSIONS The strong and lasting associations of early childhood exposure to IPV with adolescents' sleep health, particularly among girls, has important consequences for addressing adolescent health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Manley
- Rutgers University, 120 Albany St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States.
| | - Lenna Nepomnyaschy
- Rutgers University, 120 Albany St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
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Goldstein BL, McCarthy KJ, Greene CA, Wakschlag LS, Grasso DJ, Briggs-Gowan MJ. The Moderating and Mediating Role of Responsive Parenting Behavior in Explaining the Link between Intimate Partner Violence and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Young Children. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2024; 17:437-445. [PMID: 38938972 PMCID: PMC11199459 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-023-00593-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Responsive parenting serves an influential role in explaining the link between children's exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and children's mental health impairment, but how this occurs is not well elucidated. In some cases, researchers examine parenting as a mediator to explain how IPV leads to maladaptive outcomes (i.e., IPV negatively impacts one's capacity for responsive parenting, which in turn impacts children), whereas others examine moderation in which either the absence of responsive parenting exacerbates adverse outcomes or increased responsive parenting buffers risk. Mediation addresses theoretical questions about how or why IPV leads to maladaptive outcomes, whereas moderation addresses who might be most impacted. However, responsive parenting has rarely, if ever, been tested as both a mediator and moderator of the link between IPV and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) within the same sample. The current study examined the mediating and moderating role of responsive parenting on physical IPV exposure and child PTSS in a longitudinal sample of 391 children ages 3 to 5 years (M = 4.74, SD = 0.89). Self-report measures of physical IPV exposure, parenting practices, and PTSS were completed by mothers. We found that responsive parenting significantly moderated and mediated the association between physical IPV exposure and child PTSS over time. Studies that include tests of both moderation and mediation are critical for advancing mechanistic insight into the role of parenting in the etiology of mental health impairment in children exposed to IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L. Goldstein
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 65 Kane Street, West Hartford, Connecticut, 06119-7120 USA
| | | | - Carolyn A. Greene
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030 USA
| | - Lauren S. Wakschlag
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, and Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, 633 N. St. Clair, Suite 1900, Chicago, IL, 60611 USA
| | - Damion J. Grasso
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030 USA
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Ravi KE, Cronley C, Lawler A, Conway A, Kapur I, Jones A. Association of Daily Activities With Maternal-Child Bonding, Parenting Self-Efficacy, Social Support, and Parenting Behaviors Among Survivors Living in an Intimate Partner Violence Shelter: A Daily Diary Study. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024:8862605241245361. [PMID: 38591162 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241245361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Following a traumatic event such as intimate partner violence (IPV), survivors often experience stress related to the violence. These high levels of stress related to IPV can be associated with the daily activities of survivors and their relationships with their children, such as maternal-child bonding. The purpose of the current study is to explore the relationship between daily activities, daily stress levels, parenting self-efficacy and behaviors, and maternal-child bonding among survivors living in an IPV shelter using an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methodology. Twenty-five mothers living in an IPV shelter in two states in the Southern United States completed a baseline survey and completed electronic daily diaries for 14 days. Higher daily stress was associated with the number of times the mothers met with the case manager. Higher daily stress was also related to lower parenting self-efficacy. The number of case management appointments and legal appointments were positively correlated with a higher bonding score. More social support was associated with more positive parenting. IPV and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms were not significantly associated with maternal-child bonding, parenting behaviors, or parenting self-efficacy. Findings suggest that screening for maternal support may be particularly important for positive bonding and positive parenting. Findings also lend preliminary insight into practical places where service providers could act to protect the bonding process or mitigate risks to impede it. Future research should include objective data about the mother's emotions and her interactive behavior with her child. There is also a need to consider how federal programs fund and incentivize service providers to focus on mother-child dyads and how they can tailor services that promote bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anne Conway
- The University of Tennessee-Knoxville, USA
- The University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Knoxville, USA
| | | | - Anna Jones
- The University of Tennessee-Knoxville, USA
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8
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Carneiro JF, Silva EP, da Silva GAP, Ludermir AB. Could children exposed to intimate partner violence against their mother have more functional gastrointestinal disorders? J Pediatr (Rio J) 2023; 99:617-625. [PMID: 37356811 PMCID: PMC10594019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between child exposure to intimate partner violence (CEIPV) committed against their mother and functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in school-age children. METHODS A prospective cohort study was carried out that evaluated 626 mother-child pairs living in a poor urban area in the Northeast of Brazil. The mothers were asked about their children's exposure to intimate partner violence. Holden's classification was used, which investigates ten types of CEIPV from prenatal care. The number of exposures, age of onset, and the perpetrator of the exposure were also verified. The FGIDs in children were identified from the mother's responses to the questionnaire about pediatric gastrointestinal symptoms, Roma III version parent-report, translated and cross-culturally adapted into Brazilian Portuguese. RESULTS FGIDs were more frequent among children exposed to violence than those not exposed (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.04-2.58; p = 0.03). Likewise, in children who suffered four or more types of exposure (OR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.10-2.96; p = 0.01), in which the exposure started in the first two years of life (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.08-3.47; p = 0.02) and in those whose biological father was the perpetrator of the violence (OR; 1.62; 95% CI: 1, 05-2.48; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Corroborating the proposal of the biopsychosocial model, CEIPV increases the chance of occurrence of FGIDs in school-age children. Therefore, early identification and proposals for appropriate interventions are suggested both for the prevention of CEIPV and for the prevention and follow-up of FGIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackelyne Faierstein Carneiro
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pós-graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente do Centro de Ciências Médicas, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Elisabete Pereira Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pós-graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente do Centro de Ciências Médicas, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Giselia Alves Pontes da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pós-graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente do Centro de Ciências Médicas, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Bernarda Ludermir
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva do Centro de Ciências Médicas, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Alhalal E, Binomran K, Al-Radwan Z, Albarqi G. Intimate Partner Violence and School-Aged Children's Mental Health: Unpacking the Effects of Family Functioning, Mothers' Mental Health, and Social Capital. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2023; 44:1109-1118. [PMID: 37738235 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2023.2258221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
There is a limited understanding of the pathways through which intimate partner violence (IPV) affects school-aged children's mental health. This study aims to examine a hypothesized model in which fathers' perpetration of IPV against mothers affects school-aged children's mental health through family functions, mothers' mental health, and social capital. A cross-sectional study was conducted by recruiting 513 mothers from 17 different Primary Health Care centers in Saudi Arabia. Structural equation modeling was used to test a hypothesized model, controlling the family's financial status. The model accounted for 54.2% of the variance in children's mental health problems. This study reveals that IPV issue against mothers during the last 12 months influences school-aged children's mental health directly and indirectly through the current family functioning and mothers' mental health. The impact of IPV issues on school-aged children's mental health requires particular consideration. The study findings urge attention to preventing the IPV issue against mothers, as well as improving family functioning and treating mothers' mental health to protect school-aged children from mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Alhalal
- Community and Mental Health Nursing Department, Nursing Collage, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kenan Binomran
- Khobar Health Network, Ministry of Health, Eastern Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab Al-Radwan
- Ministry of Health, Al-Qatif Health Network, PHCCs, Eastern Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghayah Albarqi
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh Primary Healthcare Centers, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Sójta K, Juraś-Darowny M, Margulska A, Jóźwiak-Majchrzak W, Grażka A, Strzelecki D. Resilience and Strategic Emotional Intelligence as Mediators between the Disconnection and Rejection Domain and Negative Parenting among Female Intimate Partner Violence Victims. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1290. [PMID: 37759891 PMCID: PMC10526309 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The exposure of children to intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with a wide range of negative effects on children's development, where as parenting practice is considered to be one of the key factors mediating and mitigating this. Studies have found mixed results regarding the impact of female IPV victimization on maternal parenting practice; however, the most frequently tested hypothesis suggests that the cumulative stress of the IPV experience may emotionally deregulate the mother, contributing to an increased risk of neglected and abusive parenting practices. Little is still known about the factors determining the observed differences in maternal parenting practices among IPV victims. Thus, in our study, we use mediation models to provide preliminary results exploring the role of resilience and strategic emotional intelligence in the relationship between women's disconnection and rejection (D/R) schema domain and maternal parenting practice among IPV victims. (2) Methods: A total of 48 female survivors of IPV and 48 age-matched women with no prior experience of IPV completed a set of tests examining parenting practices, the D/R domain, resilience and emotional intelligence. (3) Results: IPV victimization was associated with significantly higher rates of negative parenting practices. The D/R domain was found to be a significant predictor of parental autonomy attitude and level of parental competence, and these relationships were fully mediated by resilience with strategic emotional intelligence and resilience, respectively. (4) Conclusions: The results shed light on the under-researched relationship between early maladaptive schemas and parenting behavior in the context of IPV. The implications for clinical practice and further research can be drawn based on the study findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Sójta
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka Street 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland; (K.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Małgorzata Juraś-Darowny
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Lodz, Rodziny Scheiblerów 2, 90-128 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Margulska
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka Street 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Wioletta Jóźwiak-Majchrzak
- Department of Applied Sociology and Social Work, University of Lodz, Rewolucji 1905 41/43, 90-214 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Grażka
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka Street 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland; (K.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Dominik Strzelecki
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka Street 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland; (K.S.); (A.G.)
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11
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Lee M, Kang S, Uribe A, Harvey EA, Galano MM. Mediators and moderator of the effects of early exposure to intimate partner violence on children's mental health. Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37246164 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Childhood intimate partner violence (IPV) exposure increases the likelihood of internalizing and externalizing problems. There is substantial variability in children's outcomes following IPV exposure, but the reasons behind this are unclear, particularly among preschool-age children. The current study aimed to examine the direct and indirect effects of IPV on preschoolers' mental health through parent factors (parenting and parental depression), exploring child temperament as a potential moderator of the relation between IPV and child outcomes. Participants were 186 children (85 girls) and their parents living in the United States. Data were initially collected when children were age three, with follow-up at ages four and six. Both parents' baseline IPV perpetration had adverse effects on child outcomes. Mothers' IPV was associated with greater paternal depression, paternal overractivity, and maternal laxness, whereas fathers' IPV was associated with more paternal overreactivity. Only paternal depression mediated the effect of mothers' IPV on child outcomes. Parenting did not mediate nor did child temperament moderate the relation between IPV and child outcomes. Results shed insight into the need to address parental mental health in families experiencing IPV and underline the need for a further exploration of individual- and family-level mechanisms of adjustment following IPV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Lee
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, 135 Hicks Way, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Sungha Kang
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, 135 Hicks Way, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Ana Uribe
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, 135 Hicks Way, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Harvey
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, 135 Hicks Way, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Maria M Galano
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, 135 Hicks Way, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Jongenelen I, Pinto TM, Costa R, Pasion R, Morais A, Henriques S, Lamela D. The influence of maternal reflective functioning and parenting behavior on infant development in the context of perinatal intimate partner violence: a study protocol. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:166. [PMID: 37208710 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01191-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects 25% of children under the age of five worldwide, yet the impact of perinatal IPV and its underlying mechanisms on infant development remains poorly understood. IPV indirectly affects infant development through the mother's parenting behavior, but research on maternal neuro and cognitive processes, such as parental reflective functioning (PRF), is scarce, despite its potential as an unfolding mechanism. The objective of our study, Peri_IPV, is to examine the direct and indirect pathways linking perinatal IPV and infant development. We will analyze the direct impact of perinatal IPV on mothers' neuro and cognitive parental reflective functioning (PRF) and parenting behavior during the postpartum period, the direct impact of perinatal IPV on infant development, and whether maternal PRF mediates the link between perinatal IPV and parenting behavior. We will also explore the mediation role of parenting behavior in the association between perinatal IPV and infant development and whether the impact of perinatal IPV on infant development occurs through the links between maternal PRF and parenting behavior. Finally, we will examine the moderation role of mother's adult attachment in the impact of perinatal IPV on maternal neuro and cognitive PRF and parenting behavior during the postpartum period, as well as on infant development. METHODS Our study will use a multi-method, prospective design to capture different levels of PRF, parenting behavior, and infant development. Three-hundred and forty pregnant women will participate in a 4-wave longitudinal study from the 3rd trimester of pregnancy to 12 months postpartum. In the 3rd trimester and 2 months postpartum, women will report on their sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics. In all assessment waves, mothers will complete self-reported measures of IPV, cognitive PRF, and adult attachment. At 2 months postpartum, women's neuro PRF will be monitored, and at 5 months postpartum, their parenting behavior will be assessed. The infant-mother attachment will be assessed at 12 months postpartum. DISCUSSION Our study's innovative focus on maternal neuro and cognitive processes and their impact on infant development will inform evidence-based early intervention and clinical practices for vulnerable infants exposed to IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Jongenelen
- HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Lusófona University, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Tiago Miguel Pinto
- HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Lusófona University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Costa
- HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Lusófona University, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Pasion
- HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Lusófona University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Morais
- HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Lusófona University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Henriques
- HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Lusófona University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Lamela
- HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Lusófona University, Porto, Portugal
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Spearman KJ, Hoppe E, Jagasia E. A systematic literature review of protective factors mitigating intimate partner violence exposure on early childhood health outcomes. J Adv Nurs 2023; 79:1664-1677. [PMID: 36938995 PMCID: PMC11057014 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM The objective of this integrative review was to critically synthesize the evidence on protective factors in early childhood that buffer the effects of exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) on young children's health outcomes. METHODS Studies were eligible for inclusion in this review if the article was (a) in English, (b) title or abstract discussed protective factors, buffering, resilience or mitigating factors in early childhood for young children who experienced IPV. RESULTS A total of 23 articles of 492 manuscripts identified from the search from peer-reviewed journals from 2010 to 2022 were included. Individual-level protective factors for young children exposed to IPV and include emotional self-regulation, child temperament and child self-esteem. Family-level protective factors were maternal physical and mental health; warm, responsive parenting; knowledge of child development; socioeconomic advantage; caregiver employment; and maternal education. CONCLUSION The results of this integrative review highlight the critical importance of a dyadic approach to early childhood intervention. Health and legal systems should not only focus solely on pathology of family violence but also conceptualize treatment and courses of action from a strength-based perspective in order to empower victims of IPV, and promote the safety, health and well-being of children. Future research should examine the role of system-level protective factors. IMPACT This review adds to the growing body of the evidence of positive relational health as a key social determinant of health for children. This will be foundational to design interventions that shield children from further harm and promote health, flourishing and recovery from violence and trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Hoppe
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Emma Jagasia
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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14
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Yosep I, Mardhiyah A, Ramdhanie GG, Sari CWM, Hendrawati H, Hikmat R. Cognitive Behavior Therapy by Nurses in Reducing Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder on Children as Victims of Violence: A Scoping Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:407. [PMID: 36766982 PMCID: PMC9914721 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11030407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Violence against children can cause psychological problems such as post-traumatic syndrome disorder (PTSD). The negative impact of violence on children is psychological and physical problems and risk of suicide. Nurses have a role to provide comprehensive nursing care such as cognitive behavior therapy for reducing PTSD symptoms. The purpose of this study was to describe the methods of cognitive behavior therapy to reduce symptoms of PTSD in children who are victims of violence. This study used the scoping review method. The databases use for the literature review in this study were CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus. The keywords used in English were "cognitive behavioral therapy OR CBT" AND "violence OR abuse" AND "post-traumatic stress disorder OR PTSD" AND "child OR children". The inclusion criteria were full text, randomized control trial or quasi-experimental research design, English language, the sample was children, and the publication period was for the last 10 years (2013-2022). We found 10 articles discussing CBT intervention on children who experienced victim abuse to reduce symptoms of PTSD. Most of the articles in this study used randomized control trial design. Several samples in this study are from the USA. The total sample was 47-320 respondents. This study showed three methods of CBT, namely psychoeducation, self-management, and coping strategies. CBT interventions can be carried out face-to-face or online. The activities carried out by the participants were relaxing, participating in training, counseling, problem-solving discussions, and therapy to improve sleep quality. Cognitive behavioral therapy is an intervention that can be carried out to reduce the traumatic impact on child victims of violence by taking into account the characteristics and development of the children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyus Yosep
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Ai Mardhiyah
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Gusgus Ghraha Ramdhanie
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | | | - Hendrawati Hendrawati
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Rohman Hikmat
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
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15
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Louis JM, Reyes MES. Prevalence, factors, and impact of exposure to parental intimate partner violence: A scoping review. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 28:354-366. [PMID: 35473310 DOI: 10.1177/13591045221097222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of children to their parents' intimate partner violence (IPV) is recognized as an adverse childhood experience that has a significant impact on the overall healthy development of the children and this research summarizes all relevant literature to determine the prevalence, impacts, risks, and protective factors of adolescents subjected to parental IPV since childhood. The literature in this scoping was scrutinized based on both inclusion, exclusion criteria. Almost 15 articles were reviewed out of 118 related literature sourced from electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Research Gate, and Google Scholar published in the year 2016-2021. The search method followed Mays, Roberts, and Popay's process of gathering relevant literature and mapping important ideas to capture the available data in a study topic, especially the one which lacked proper evaluation. The results of this review of the literature indicate that parental IPV is a pervasive problem that impairs the adolescent's overall well-being. It also highlights a range of protective factors that can mitigate the impact of parental IPV. The findings of this scoping review have implications for practice and policy. Given the enormous scope and burden of children's parental IPV exposure, intervention techniques to safeguard this vulnerable population and enhance well-being are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolly M Louis
- The Graduate School, 595547University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Marc Eric S Reyes
- The Graduate School, 595547University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- Psychology Department College of Science, 564927University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
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16
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Hogan JN, Garcia AM, Tomko RL, Squeglia LM, Flanagan JC. Parent-Child Concordance and Discordance in Family Violence Reporting: A Descriptive Analysis from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study ®. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:NP646-NP669. [PMID: 35531607 PMCID: PMC10868590 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221081928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Childhood trauma exposure, including witnessing or experiencing family violence, is associated with a variety of poor outcomes such as increased likelihood of psychopathology and high-risk behaviors across the lifespan. Early treatment may help to buffer these effects, but parents and youth display only moderate levels of agreement in reporting family violence, making it more difficult to identify children who have been exposed. Additionally, most studies on family violence reporting have focused primarily on small samples in specific high-risk populations, and little is known about the generalizability of these findings. Thus, the present study assessed concordance in family violence reporting and its correlates using the population-based, demographically diverse sample from the U.S. Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD®) study. Participants were 10,532 children between 9 and 10 years old, and their parent or guardian, from 21 sites across the United States. Overall, 30% (N = 3119) of the sample reported family violence and most of those reports (N = 2629) had discordant violence reporting, meaning child- and parent-report did not correspond with each other. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the likelihood of participants belonging in one of the following groups: no violence reported, concordant violence reported, and discordant violence reported. Results indicated that Black or Non-Hispanic children, male children, and children with greater externalizing problems were more likely to report family violence, and parents with lower levels of education and income were more likely to report family violence. These findings likely reflect differences in distribution of risk factors among racial and ethnic minoritized individuals including increased parenting stress and decreased access to mental health treatment. Among those reporting violence, Hispanic children and children with less externalizing problems were more likely to be in the discordant group. Findings suggest that both parent and child reports are needed to assess violence and screen for appropriate services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Julianne C. Flanagan
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson VAMC, Charleston, SC, USA
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17
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Santelices MP, de los Ángeles Fernández M, Wendland J. Traumatic Experiences in Childhood and Maternal Depressive Symptomatology: Their Impact on Parenting in Preschool. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:children10010055. [PMID: 36670606 PMCID: PMC9856254 DOI: 10.3390/children10010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study is to describe and analyze the relationship between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms and its relation to the parental interactions of mothers (19-47 years) with their 3-4 year old preschool children. Parental interactions, traumatic experiences in mothers' childhood, and current depressive symptoms were measured using the Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes (PICCOLO), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form (CTQ), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-I), respectively. A nonclinical sample of 81 Chilean mothers with their children was used. Results show that the presence of trauma in mothers' childhood has an impact on parenting; specifically, mothers with an emotional neglect experience showed greater difficulties in adequately promoting autonomy in their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pía Santelices
- Centro de Investigación del Abuso y la Adversidad Temprana, CUIDA, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile
- Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Jaqueline Wendland
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université Paris Cité, F-92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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18
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Rivas‐Rivero E, Bonilla‐Algovia E. Stressful life events: Typology of aggression and mistreatment in male perpetrators of gender-based violence. Scand J Psychol 2022; 63:705-714. [PMID: 35766343 PMCID: PMC9796499 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze groups based on the stressful life events suffered and to know the relationship of these profiles with the type of abuse exercised against women in the couple. A sample of 118 heterosexual men who perpetrated gender-based violence was used, with a mean age of 40.46 years (SD = 11.14). The results show that those who suffered a greater number of adverse experiences abused their partners more frequently and with a more aggravated character. In addition, knowing typologies based on previous stressful life events could favor specific interventions in the elimination of the normalization of violence as a maladaptive relational strategy. It is necessary to continue investigating the characteristics of men who exercise gender-based violence, as well as to analyze previous exposure to violence in the family of origin due to the influence it exerts on subsequent abuse.
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19
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Bott S, Ruiz-Celis AP, Mendoza JA, Guedes A. Correlates of co-occurring physical child punishment and physical intimate partner violence in Colombia, Mexico and Peru. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2195. [PMCID: PMC9702951 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Violent discipline of children and intimate partner violence (IPV) against women are global public health and human rights problems. To address calls for more evidence on intersections, this study aimed to expand knowledge about correlates of physical child punishment, physical IPV against women and their co-occurrence (both) in the same household.
Methods
Using national, population-based survey datasets from Colombia, Mexico and Peru, multinomial logistic regressions examined correlates of three mutually exclusive patterns of violence in the household: physical child punishment (only), physical IPV ever (only) and co-occurrence (both), each compared with no violence, after adjusting for other factors. Logistic regression was used to analyse odds ratios of physical child punishment in households affected by IPV past year and before past year compared with never, after adjusting for other factors.
Results
In all countries, adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of co-occurrence were significantly higher among women with lower education, more than one child, a child aged 2–5, a partner who tried to socially isolate her, and a history of childhood violence (caregiver violence and/or IPV exposure). They were significantly lower among women who reported collaborative partnerships (joint decision-making and/or shared chores). Co-occurrence was also significantly correlated with a history of child marriage/early motherhood in Colombia and Mexico, partner’s excess drinking in Mexico and Peru, agreement that physical child punishment was necessary in Peru and partner’s history of childhood violence in Colombia and Mexico. Evidence of shared risk factors was strongest for social isolation and caregiver histories of childhood violence and of shared protective factors for collaborative partnership dynamics. In all countries, associations between physical child punishment and physical IPV remained significant after adjusting for other factors, suggesting that correlations could not be explained by shared risk factors alone.
Conclusions
These findings are consistent with several theories relevant for violence prevention: 1) more collaborative, gender equitable partnerships may protect both children and women from violence; 2) violence between intimate partners may ‘spill over’ into violence against children (as correlations could not be explained by shared risk factors alone); and 3) there appears to be strong evidence of intergenerational transmission of violence.
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20
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Marçal KE. Intimate Partner Violence Exposure and Adolescent Mental Health Outcomes: The Mediating Role of Housing Insecurity. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP19310-NP19330. [PMID: 34496695 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211043588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated pathways from childhood exposure to mothers' intimate partner violence (IPV) to adolescent depression and anxiety. Further, the study examined whether housing insecurity mediated the link from IPV exposure to mental health outcomes. Data came from the Years 5, 9 and 15 interviews of the Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study; the analytic sample was limited to mothers with at least partial custody of children (N = 2,425). Structural equation modeling with latent variables investigated research questions. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) identified observed indicators for latent constructs, and a path analysis tested direct and indirect pathways from IPV exposure to adolescent depression and anxiety. IPV exposure at age five was associated with increased housing insecurity at age nine, which was associated with increased adolescent depression and anxiety at age 15. Although IPV exposure was not directly associated with either mental health outcome, housing insecurity mediated the link from IPV exposure to adolescent depression. Findings point to the long-term consequences of exposure to intimate partner violence in childhood, highlighting pathways to mental disorder in adolescence. The present study emphasizes the need for policies that protect survivors of IPV from eviction and homelessness, empower them to leave abusers without fear of losing their housing, and promote healthy child development in the wake of family violence.
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21
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Raghavan A, Satyanarayana VA, Fisher J, Ganjekar S, Shrivastav M, Anand S, Sethi V, Chandra PS. Gender Transformative Interventions for Perinatal Mental Health in Low and Middle Income Countries-A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12357. [PMID: 36231655 PMCID: PMC9564578 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal mental health problems are linked to poor outcomes for mothers, babies and families. In the context of Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC), a leading risk factor is gender disparity. Addressing gender disparity, by involving fathers, mothers in law and other family members can significantly improve perinatal and maternal healthcare, including risk factors for poor perinatal mental health such as domestic violence and poor social support. This highlights the need to develop and implement gender-transformative (GT) interventions that seek to engage with men and reduce or overcome gender-based constraints. This scoping review aimed to highlight existing gender transformative interventions from LMIC that specifically aimed to address perinatal mental health (partner violence, anxiety or depression and partner support) and identify components of the intervention that were found to be useful and acceptable. This review follows the five-stage Arksey and O'Malley framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. Six papers that met the inclusion criteria were included in the review (four from Africa and two from Asia). Common components of gender transformative interventions across studies included couple-based interventions and discussion groups. Gender inequity and related factors are a strong risk for poor perinatal mental health and the dearth of studies highlights the strong need for better evidence of GT interventions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Raghavan
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 530068, India
| | - Veena A. Satyanarayana
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 530068, India
| | - Jane Fisher
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Monash, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Sundarnag Ganjekar
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 530068, India
| | - Monica Shrivastav
- ROSHNI-Centre of Women Collectives led Social Action, Lady Irwin College, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Sarita Anand
- ROSHNI-Centre of Women Collectives led Social Action, Lady Irwin College, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Vani Sethi
- United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Regional Office for South Asia, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Prabha S. Chandra
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 530068, India
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22
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Huffhines L, Coe JL, Busuito A, Seifer R, Parade SH. Understanding links between maternal perinatal posttraumatic stress symptoms and infant socioemotional and physical health. Infant Ment Health J 2022; 43:474-492. [PMID: 35513001 PMCID: PMC9177799 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Maternal posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are associated with adverse consequences for older children, but very few studies have examined links between perinatal maternal PTSS and infant outcomes. Trauma exposure and psychopathology, including PTSS, is often heightened for women during pregnancy through 1 year postpartum. Therefore, the perinatal period may be a critical time for understanding the risk maternal PTSS and other mental health factors pose to the socioemotional and physical health of infants. The present study explored the relation between maternal PTSS and infant socioemotional and physical health problems in a sample of racially and ethnically diverse mother-infant dyads (N = 295) assessed prenatally and at 12 months postpartum. This study also examined whether there are: (1) moderating effects of maternal depressive symptoms and parenting stress on these associations and (2) indirect effects of PTSS on infant outcomes through observed maternal sensitivity. Results indicated that postpartum depressive symptoms and parenting stress, rather than PTSS, were associated with greater infant socioemotional health problems. However, prenatal PTSS were associated with greater infant physical health problems when mothers also reported clinically significant levels of postpartum depressive symptoms. Maternal sensitivity was not associated with maternal PTSS, depressive symptoms, or parenting stress, nor was it related to infant socioemotional and physical health; thus, maternal sensitivity was not tested as an intermediary mechanism linking maternal mental health with infant outcomes. Implications for promoting maternal mental health in the perinatal period to bolster socioemotional and physical health of infants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Huffhines
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, E.P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jesse L Coe
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, E.P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Alex Busuito
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Ronald Seifer
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, E.P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephanie H Parade
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, E.P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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23
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Eight-year trajectories of behavior problems and resilience in children exposed to early-life intimate partner violence: The overlapping and distinct effects of individual factors, maternal characteristics, and early intervention. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 35:850-862. [PMID: 35285428 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Childhood exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) can have lasting effects on well-being. Children also display resilience following IPV exposure. Yet, little research has prospectively followed changes in both maladaptive and adaptive outcomes in children who experience IPV in early life. The goal of the current study was to investigate how child factors (irritability), trauma history (severity of IPV exposure), maternal factors (mental health, parenting), and early intervention relate to trajectories of behavior problems (internalizing and externalizing problems) and resilience (prosocial behavior, emotion regulation), over 8 years. One hundred twenty mother-child dyads participated in a community-based randomized controlled trial of an intervention for IPV-exposed children and their mothers. Families completed follow-up assessments 6-8 months (N = 71) and 6-8 years (N = 68) later. Although intention-to-treat analyses did not reveal significant intervention effects, per-protocol analyses suggested that participants receiving an effective dose (eight sessions) of the treatment had fewer internalizing problems over time. Child irritability and maternal parenting were associated with both behavior problems and resilience. Maternal mental health was uniquely associated with child behavior problems, whereas maternal positive parenting was uniquely associated with child resilience. Results support the need for a dyadic perspective on child adjustment following IPV exposure.
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24
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Burgess RA, Jeffery M, Odero SA, Rose-Clarke K, Devakumar D. Overlooked and unaddressed: A narrative review of mental health consequences of child marriages. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000131. [PMID: 36962120 PMCID: PMC10021205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Child Marriage (before the age of 18) affects over 12 million young women globally, annually. Despite acknowledgement of the negative impacts of the practice on reproductive health, mental health consequences are largely overlooked. Given the ability for poor mental health to intensify other health and social challenges, understanding the mental health consequences linked to child marriage is vital. Our study is the first to examine how mental health is approached in current literature on child marriage. Our conceptual framework was informed by a rapid assessment of key issues in the field. Systematic searches of papers published between 2000-2020 were completed on four electronic databases with no language restrictions. Our protocol was registered on Prospero (CRD42019139685). Articles were assessed using PRISMA guidelines, and their quality assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. Of the 4,457 records identified, 21 papers meeting inclusion criteria were analysed using narrative synthesis. The final sample included 5 qualitative, 1 mixed-methods and 15 quantitative studies (14 cross-sectional and 1 longitudinal study) reporting on data from 12 countries, largely in the global south. Intimate partner violence, poverty, challenges in childbirth and isolation were identified as social factors linked to emotional distress by those married as children. Depression was the most reported mental disorder. Anxiety, phobias, psychological distress, substance misuse, negative well-being and anti-social personality disorder were reported less frequently. Findings highlight that while significant emotional distress and specific mental health conditions are linked to child marriage, gaps in our understanding remain. Future studies are needed to; clarify directionality in these relationships; understand the mental health needs of young men, LGBTQI communities and those in humanitarian settings. Given the well documented cyclical relationship between social determinants and mental health conditions, we outline a series of community-oriented interventions which blend psychological, social and structural support to promote mental health and wellbeing in the contexts of child marriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle A Burgess
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mairi Jeffery
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kelly Rose-Clarke
- Department of Global and Social Medicine, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
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Luo S, Lin L, Chen W, Li C, Ren Y, Zhang M, Guo VY. Association between maternal intimate partner violence and health-related quality of life in their preschool children: The mediating role of maternal parenting styles. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:996971. [PMID: 36424988 PMCID: PMC9679020 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.996971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a public health issue around the world, there is a lack of evidence regarding the impact of maternal IPV on preschool children's health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between maternal IPV and HRQOL among Chinese preschool children, as well as the mediating role of maternal parenting styles. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 4,243 mother-child dyads who attended preschools. Mothers self-reported their parenting styles and experience of IPV. Children's HRQOL was collected through mother-proxy report with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.0 (PedsQL 4.0). Multivariate linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between maternal IPV and children's HRQOL. Mediation models were further applied to explore the possible mediating role of maternal parenting styles. RESULTS Of the included mothers, 7.4% had experience of IPV. Compared to children of mothers without any IPV exposure, those of mothers with experience of IPV had significantly lower scores in all HRQOL dimensions and summary scales. After adjustment for covariates, maternal IPV was significantly associated with children's lower physical health summary score, psychosocial health summary score, and total scale score. Mediation analysis showed that both rejection and overprotection mediated such associations, but not for the emotional warmth. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated the need to screen maternal IPV supplemented with targeted interventions focusing on parenting styles, in order to mitigate the negative impact of maternal IPV on children's HRQOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Luo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunrong Li
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Vivian Yawei Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Pointet Perizzolo VC, Glaus J, Stein CR, Willheim E, Vital M, Arnautovic E, Kaleka K, Rusconi Serpa S, Pons F, Moser DA, Schechter DS. Impact of mothers' IPV-PTSD on their capacity to predict their child's emotional comprehension and its relationship to their child's psychopathology. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2008152. [PMID: 35111283 PMCID: PMC8803052 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.2008152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies demonstrated that when the violence-exposed child becomes a mother and interacts with her own child during early sensitive periods for social-emotional development, she may have difficulties providing sensitive responsiveness to the child's emotional communication. Such difficulties place the child's development of emotional comprehension (EC) and related self-regulation at risk. The aim of this study was to examine how mothers' interpersonal violence-related posttraumatic disorder (IPV-PTSD) would affect their children's EC and their own ability to predict their children's EC. We also investigated how mothers' predictive ability would correlate with child psychopathology. METHODS Sixty-one mother-child dyads (36 with IPV-PTSD) participated in this study. Children's (mean age = 7.0 years, SD = 1.1) EC was assessed with the Test of Emotion Comprehension (child TEC) and their psychopathology as reported by the mother was assessed with the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and as evaluated by a clinician using selected modules of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS). Mothers were measured for IPV-PTSD with the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) and for their capacity to predict their child's emotional comprehension (mother-responding-as-child TEC; mTEC). RESULTS We found no significant between-group differences in children's level of EC. Maternal PTSD was associated with lower scores on the mTEC, however. Reduced maternal scores on the mTEC were significantly associated with maternal report of increased aggressive child behaviour and with depression symptoms on the K-SADS. Further, scores on the mTEC interacted with maternal report of child aggression on child oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms on the K-SADS. CONCLUSION These findings support that improving maternal emotional comprehension may help reduce child risk for psychiatric morbidity in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Pointet Perizzolo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Glaus
- Department of Psychiatry, University Service of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lausanne University Medical Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C R Stein
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Willheim
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Vital
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Arnautovic
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K Kaleka
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, USA
| | - S Rusconi Serpa
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Pons
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dominik A Moser
- Department of Psychiatry, University Service of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lausanne University Medical Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - D S Schechter
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, University Service of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lausanne University Medical Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Álvares LGGS, Alves MTSSDBE, Santos AMD, Oliveira BLCAD, Chagas DCD. [Association between psychological violence and posttraumatic stress disorder in a cohort of Brazilian adolescents]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2021; 37:e00286020. [PMID: 34932686 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00286020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study analyzed the impact of psychological violence on the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This was a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort in which the second follow-up was conducted in 2016. A questionnaire was applied to 2,486 adolescents and approached individual, family, and social aspects and experience with psychological violence. Propensity score was used to create inverse probability weighting (IPW). Thus, a probability was assigned to each adolescent, where 1/IPW represent those in the exposed group and 1/(1-IPW) those in the unexposed group. This procedure made the two groups more homogeneous and mutually comparable. The association between the occurrence of psychological violence and PTSD was estimated by odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) via crude binary logistic regression and adjusted logistic regression (weighted by IPW). According to the results, 30.3% reported having suffered severe violence. Prevalence of PTSD was 4.8% among exposed and 1.5% in unexposed to psychological violence. An association was observed between severe violence and PTSD in the two analyses, but the magnitude in the model structured by the propensity score (OR = 1.97; 95%CI: 1.08-3.56) indicated an adjustment to the measure from the crude analysis (OR = 3.40; 95%CI: 2.03-5.69). The current study contributes to the scarce literature on exposure to psychological violence and its association with the development of PTSD, confirming the negative impact of this form of abuse on the individual´s mental health.
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Clinical Measures of Allostatic Load in Children and Adolescents with Food Allergy, Depression, or Anxiety. J Pediatr Nurs 2021; 61:346-354. [PMID: 34555747 PMCID: PMC8665031 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sustained high stress exposure results in chronic activation of the stress response system, dysregulated stress responses, high allostatic load, and poor later-life health. Children and adolescents with chronic health conditions face stressors related to their condition in addition to those typical of childhood and adolescence, placing them at risk of high allostatic load. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to examine whether youth with chronic health conditions differ from controls on clinical measures of allostatic load. DESIGN AND METHODS A secondary analysis of two datasets, the electronic health record of a tertiary children's hospital and data from the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin, compared youth with chronic health conditions to controls on clinical measures of allostatic load. Additional analyses explored whether parental stress and mental health influenced these relationships. RESULTS Analyses identified differences in BMI, blood pressure, and waist circumference between youth with food allergy, anxiety, or depression, and controls. These relationships differed for males and females and for those with comorbid mental and physical conditions, and were influenced by parent stress and mental health. CONCLUSIONS Results support future studies exploring whether high stress in youth with chronic health conditions leads to increased allostatic load. Incorporating biomarkers as well as genetic and epigenetic factors will provide critical insights. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Youth with mental and physical CHCs may be at increased risk of high allostatic load, reflected in clinical measures of metabolism, and should have regular assessments of their metabolic health.
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Rivas-Rivero E, Panadero S, Vázquez JJ. Intimate partner sexual violence and violent victimisation among women living homeless in Madrid (Spain). JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 49:2493-2505. [PMID: 34060103 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to discover the extent to which women living homeless in Madrid (Spain) have been victims of intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV), analysing the connection between stressful life events (SLE) relating to violent victimisation and having suffered sexual assault by a partner. This study took place using a sample of women living homeless in Madrid (n = 136). The results obtained show that a high percentage of the women living homeless who were questioned had been victims of IPSV. The women interviewed, who had been victims of IPSV, had suffered, to a greater extent, SLEs relating to situations of violent victimisation, both during childhood and adolescence as well as in adulthood. The episodes of violent victimisation that seem to be the most common forerunners to IPSV are incidents of sexual abuse in childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Rivas-Rivero
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Educación, Área de Psicología Evolutiva, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Sonia Panadero
- Departamento de Psicología Clínica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
| | - José Juan Vázquez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Educación, Área de Psicología Social, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Aguayo L, Hernandez IG, Yasui M, Estabrook R, Anderson EL, Davis MM, Briggs-Gowan MJ, Wakschlag LS, Heard-Garris N. Cultural socialization in childhood: Analysis of parent-child conversations with a direct observation measure. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2021; 35:138-148. [PMID: 33871275 PMCID: PMC10201603 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cultural factors influence the development of all children. Yet, current knowledge of explicit cultural socialization processes in childhood remains limited, mainly by failing to incorporate the experiences of young children. To address this critical gap, the authors introduce the OMERS-Peds task, an observational measurement designed to systematically identify and compare the content of cultural messages passed down from caregivers to offspring during early school age years. The OMERS-Peds was administered to mothers and children (n = 275) from three diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds (African American (n = 153), Hispanic (n = 61), and non-Hispanic White (n = 61)) within the longitudinal Multidimensional Assessment of Preschoolers (MAPS) Study. The OMERS-Peds coding system was used to rate how strongly families endorsed 5 key constructs: family culture, religion, identity, ethnicity, and race. A series of χ2 statistic tests were used to compare scores across racial/ethnic backgrounds, and within families (between children and their mothers). Analyses revealed that in the cultural socialization conversations occurring in early childhood, parents and children prioritize talking about their family's culture and religion. Independent of their racial/ethnic backgrounds, mothers and children seldom discussed race and ethnicity. Contrary to research with older children, differences were mainly identified within families, rather than across racial/ethnic groups. Findings support the need to include children's perspectives in the assessments of cultural socialization, as opposed to relying primarily on parent reports, and highlight the importance of having an observational methodology that allows researchers to examine parent-child bidirectional interactions during early school age years in a systematic manner. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Aguayo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- Mary Ann & J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research, Outreach, and Advocacy Center, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Iseli G. Hernandez
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Miwa Yasui
- School of Social Service Administration, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Ryne Estabrook
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Erica L. Anderson
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Matthew M. Davis
- Mary Ann & J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research, Outreach, and Advocacy Center, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | | | - Lauren S. Wakschlag
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Nia Heard-Garris
- Mary Ann & J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research, Outreach, and Advocacy Center, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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Depresión Infanto-Juvenil y exposición temprana a la violencia. REVISTA IBEROAMERICANA DE PSICOLOGÍA 2021. [DOI: 10.33881/2027-1786.rip.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Este artículo de revisión bibliográfica tiene como objetivo conocer las aproximaciones teóricas de la depresión en el curso de vida infanto juvenil, a partir de la exposición temprana a situaciones de violencia, en tanto los procesos de mielinización se obstruyen, en la medida en que en los primeros años de vida, se es víctima de violencia, influyendo esto directamente en alteraciones, cognitivas, comportamentales y emocionales. Resulta del interés en conocer los avances de las disciplinas, las metodologías, las categorías y las preguntas que están motivando a los investigadores sobre el la depresión como síntoma arraigado en la violencia, hoy. El análisis de la información fue desarrollada a través del estado del arte que constaba de 8 (ocho) ítems y 50 (cincuenta) filas, con el fin de ordenar y categorizar la información a partir de conceptos relacionales. Las perspectivas disciplinares indagadas en esta revisión son la Psicología, la psiquiatría, la neuropsicología y las ciencias sociales. Las principales categorías indagadas por los autores son: mielinización, violencia infantil, depresión, consecuencias Neuropsicológicas y emocionales de la violencia. Las preguntas que formulan los investigadores se ubican en cuatro campos: procesos neurobiológicos, violencia y maltrato infantil, pautas de crianza, depresión infanto juvenil, y trastornos comportamentales, emocionales y cognitivos. Por los resultados obtenidos, se identificó que los problemas cardinales abordados en las investigaciones son, la violencia intrafamiliar, las pautas de crianza como uno de los ejes articuladores, y la depresión infanto juvenil.
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Chung G, Jensen TM, Parisi A, Macy RJ, Lanier P. Impact of Intimate Partner Violence on Parenting and Children's Externalizing Behaviors: Transactional Processes Over Time. Violence Against Women 2021; 27:2576-2599. [PMID: 33507849 PMCID: PMC8474330 DOI: 10.1177/1077801220985125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study used longitudinal data to examine the transactional associations
between mothers’ spanking and mother–child relationship quality with children’s
externalizing behaviors in the context of intimate partner violence (IPV). Data
came from a sample of 1,152 low-income mothers with children age 10–14 years.
Results showed that past-year IPV triggered transactional associations by
increasing children’s externalizing behaviors which, in turn, increased spanking
and subsequently more externalizing behaviors. Transactional associations were
also found for relationship quality. All outcomes used were mothers-reported
except relationship quality. Implications for practice include the importance of
the mother–child dyad and their reciprocal processes in assessment and
treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Chung
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | | | - Anna Parisi
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | | | - Paul Lanier
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
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Cervin M, Salloum A, Ruth LJ, Storch EA. Posttraumatic Symptoms in 3-7 Year Old Trauma-Exposed Children: Links to Impairment, Other Mental Health Symptoms, Caregiver PTSD, and Caregiver Stress. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2021; 52:1173-1183. [PMID: 33245454 PMCID: PMC8528747 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-01093-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined how PTSD symptoms in young children are associated with other mental health symptoms and mood and functioning in caregivers. This is an important gap in the literature as such knowledge may be important for assessment and treatment. This study used network analysis to identify how the major symptom domains of PTSD in young trauma-exposed children were related to impairment, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, caregiver PTSD, and caregiver stress. Caregivers of 75 trauma-exposed 3-7 year old children reported on their child's symptoms and impairment and their own PTSD symptoms and caregiver stress. A strong association between the child PTSD domains of intrusions and avoidance emerged, which is in line with theoretical notions of how PTSD onsets and is maintained in adolescents and adults. Externalizing child symptoms were strongly linked to PTSD-related impairment and caregiver stress, highlighting the need to carefully assess and address such symptoms when working with young trauma-exposed children. Internalizing symptoms were uniquely associated with all three of the major childhood PTSD symptom domains with further implications for assessment and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Cervin
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sofiavägen 2D, 22241, Lund, Sweden.
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Ewerling F, Lynch JW, Mittinty M, Raj A, Victora CG, Coll CV, Barros AJ. The impact of women's empowerment on their children's early development in 26 African countries. J Glob Health 2020; 10:020406. [PMID: 33214898 PMCID: PMC7649042 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.020406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Every year more than 200 million children under-five years fail to achieve their full developmental potential in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Although women´s empowerment has been associated with improved child health and development outcomes, this is a topic little studied in LMICs. We investigated the associations between women´s empowerment and early childhood development among a sample population of 84537 children aged 36-59 months from national health surveys of 26 African countries. METHODS We used data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) ranging from 2010 to 2018. Four developmental domains were assessed among children using the Early Childhood Development Index: literacy-numeracy, physical, learning and socioemotional. Women's empowerment in attitude to violence, social independence and decision-making was evaluated using the SWPER global, a validated survey-based index. We reported effect sizes for each country and a combined estimate of the association. The study covers all countries with surveys in the region and uses a novel approach for measuring women's empowerment, the SWPER. RESULTS Across all countries, 15.1% of the children were on track in the literacy-numeracy domain, 92.3% in physical, 81.3% in learning and 67.8% in socio-emotional. The odds of a child being on track in literacy-numeracy increased by 34% (odds ratio (OR) = 1.34; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.31-1.37), 88% (OR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.85-1.91) and 34% (OR = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.29-1.39), with a one standard deviation increase in the scores of attitudes to violence, social independence and decision-making domains of empowerment, respectively. No effect of empowerment was observed for the other domains of child development. CONCLUSIONS Our results show a consistent positive effect of empowerment on the literacy-numeracy domain of child development cross-nationally in Africa and this was particularly evident for the social independence domain of the SWPER. Programs and interventions may also consider addressing the reduction of gender inequalities to improve child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Ewerling
- International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - John W Lynch
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Murthy Mittinty
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anita Raj
- Center on Gender Equity and Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Cesar G Victora
- International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Carolina Vn Coll
- International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Aluisio Jd Barros
- International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Woollett N, Bandeira M, Hatcher A. Trauma-informed art and play therapy: Pilot study outcomes for children and mothers in domestic violence shelters in the United States and South Africa. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 107:104564. [PMID: 32512265 PMCID: PMC7494566 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While intimate partner violence (IPV) has well documented impact on women and children, few interventions have been tested for mothers and children in the domestic violence shelter system. OBJECTIVE We used mixed methods to explore effects of a pilot intervention combining trauma focused cognitive behavior therapy (TF-CBT) (verbal therapy method) with art and play therapy (non-verbal therapy methods) in New York City and Johannesburg, to compare efficacy between high and low-middle income contexts. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING School-aged children and their mothers from one domestic violence shelter in each city were invited to participate. METHODS Children were screened for depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Children participated in a weekly group session lasting 1-2 hours over 12 weeks and mothers received 3 group sessions. Quantitative data comprised pre-and post-intervention child self-reports (n = 21) and mother's report (n = 16) of child depressive and PTSD symptoms. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with children (n = 11) and mothers (n = 8) who completed the intervention. RESULTS At baseline, children showed high rates of symptoms of probable depression and probable PTSD (33 % and 66 % respectively). By endline, depressive symptoms significantly reduced (mean of 13.7-8.3,p = 0.01) and there was a non-significant trend towards PTSD improvement (40.0-34.4, p = 0.21). Children revealed the art helped them express difficult emotions and experiences with their mothers. Multiple children felt it assisted in managing challenging behaviours. CONCLUSION This pilot trauma-informed art and play therapy group intervention holds promise in mitigating the effects of IPV for children and mothers in domestic violence shelters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Woollett
- Wits School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, 60 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.
| | - Monica Bandeira
- Regional Psychosocial Support Initiative (REPSSI), P.O. Box 23076, Randburg, 2167, South Africa.
| | - Abigail Hatcher
- Wits School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, 60 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa; Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, University of California San Francisco, 50 Beale Street, San Francisco, 94105, USA.
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Jeong J, Adhia A, Bhatia A, McCoy DC, Yousafzai AK. Intimate Partner Violence, Maternal and Paternal Parenting, and Early Child Development. Pediatrics 2020; 145:peds.2019-2955. [PMID: 32424076 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-2955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Previous research has demonstrated associations between maternal experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) and a range of adverse outcomes among women and their young children. However, few studies have examined the associations between maternal experience of IPV and early child development (ECD) outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Our objectives in this study were to examine the association between IPV victimization and ECD and assess whether the association was mediated by maternal and paternal stimulation. METHODS We combined cross-sectional data from the Demographic and Health Surveys for 15 202 households representing mothers and fathers of children aged 36 to 59 months in 11 LMIC. We used multivariable linear regression models to estimate the association between IPV victimization in the year preceding the survey and ECD, which we measured using the Early Child Development Index. We used path analysis to determine if the association between IPV victimization and ECD was mediated through maternal and paternal stimulation. RESULTS After adjusting for sociodemographic variables, IPV victimization was negatively associated with ECD (β = -.11; 95% confidence interval = -.15 to -.07). Path analysis indicated that the direct association between IPV victimization and ECD was partially and independently mediated through maternal and paternal stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Interventions that include components to prevent IPV may be effective for improving ECD in LMIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Jeong
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts;
| | - Avanti Adhia
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Amiya Bhatia
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Dana Charles McCoy
- Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Aisha K Yousafzai
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Brown A, Bennet J, Rapee RM, Hirshfeld-Becker DR, Bayer JK. Exploring the stress sensitization theory with temperamentally inhibited children: a population-based study. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:264. [PMID: 32471371 PMCID: PMC7260781 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02159-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explored whether temperamentally inhibited children who experience early trauma are vulnerable to developing internalizing problems in the face of later life-stressors. METHODS A validated screen for temperamental inhibition was distributed to parents of young children attending preschools in six government regions of Melbourne, Australia. Screening identified 11% of children as inhibited (703 of 6347 screened) and eligible for a prevention study. Participants were 545 parents of inhibited preschoolers (78% uptake), of whom 84% were followed into mid childhood (age 7-10 years: wave 1, n = 446; wave 2, n = 427; wave 3, n = 426). Parents and children then completed questionnaires for child internalizing (anxious and depressive) symptoms, and parents received a diagnostic interview for child anxiety disorder. In mid-childhood parents also completed questionnaires annually to describe recent life-stressors experienced by their child, and any potentially traumatic events in the first four years of life. RESULTS Only one in 14 temperamentally inhibited children had experienced a potentially traumatic event in early childhood. In mid childhood 56% experienced recent life-stressors. Inhibited children who had early life trauma experienced slightly more anxiety disorder and symptoms in mid childhood. Those children with more recent life-stressors in mid childhood also had slightly more symptoms of anxiety and depression. In contrast to stress sensitization, inhibited children with early trauma plus recent stressors did not show especially high mid-childhood internalizing difficulties. CONCLUSIONS Early life trauma and recent life-stressors each convey a small risk for children with an inhibited temperament to develop internalizing problems. Nevertheless, early life stress may not always result in negative sensitization for children in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Brown
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joanna Bennet
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ronald M. Rapee
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dina R. Hirshfeld-Becker
- Child Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Jordana K. Bayer
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Abstract
Intimate partner violence affects 15-71% of women over their lifetime, resulting in significant stress, negative health effects, and negative economic effects. Features include physical and sexual abuse as well as psychological abuse and controlling behaviors such as reproductive coercion or stalking. Intimate partner violence can occur in both heterosexual and same-sex relationships, though the risk may be higher in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or questioning couples. Pregnancy remains an especially risky time for escalating abuse and also provides a window of opportunity for screening and intervention. Victims experience many consequences of abuse, including physical injuries, traumatic brain injury, and chronic conditions such as headaches, insomnia, pelvic pain, depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Homicide is an especially devastating consequence, with 40-45% of female victims killed by an intimate partner, and homicide remains an important cause of pregnancy-related death. Routine screening is recommended by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, and obstetrician-gynecologists (ob-gyns) should remain vigilant for signs of abuse in their patients. Often the cycle of abuse makes it difficult for women to break free, and ob-gyns should continue to provide supportive care regardless of a woman's readiness to leave an abusive relationship.
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Chow EHY, Tiwari A. Addressing the Needs of Abused Chinese Women Through a Community-Based Participatory Approach. J Nurs Scholarsh 2020; 52:242-249. [PMID: 32154988 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intimate partner violence against women is a priority global health issue. It has had serious negative consequences on women's health and has led to huge burdens on the community. Numerous interventions have been demonstrated to have positive effects, and the majority of them have been developed using a top-down approach. However, the specific needs of abused Chinese women have not been fully addressed; incorporating women's input seems to be an essential element for the success of any intervention. This article describes the experiences and success in using a community-based participatory approach (CBPA) to develop a culturally appropriate intervention for abused Chinese women in order to address their multifaceted needs. DESIGN A CBPA was adopted in this study to develop a culturally appropriate intervention in order to address the multifaceted needs of abused Chinese women. METHODS A core group of six participants (three abused Chinese women, one researcher, and two social workers who provided community services for abused Chinese women) was formed in a local community center in Hong Kong. The three Chinese women were recruited from the local community center, and according to the Abuse Assessment Screen they had been in an intimate relationship in the preceding 12 months and had been abused by an intimate partner. FINDINGS Three core group meetings were conducted over 6 weeks for intervention development. An integrated multicomponent intervention was developed, comprising a four-part, women-centered program called "Women-centred, we are with you." The program was implemented and completed over 4 months (October 2015 to January 2016). Eighteen abused Chinese women participated in the intervention. CONCLUSIONS A CBPA provides actual empowerment spirit for abused Chinese women. This approach was well accepted by the women and enabled them to develop more culturally appropriate interventions in fulfilling their specify needs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Researchers can consider using a CBPA to develop and tailor a culturally appropriate intervention for groups such as abused Chinese women in order to improve their health and eliminate disparities by addressing their specific and multifaceted needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnes Tiwari
- Head of School, School of Nursing, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital Limited, Wong Chuk Hang, Hong Kong
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Greene CA, McCarthy KJ, Estabrook R, Wakschlag LS, Briggs-Gowa MJ. Responsive Parenting Buffers the Impact of Maternal PTSD on Young Children. PARENTING, SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2020; 20:141-165. [PMID: 33716579 PMCID: PMC7954133 DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2019.1707623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates maternal responsive parenting behaviors as a theorized buffer to the detrimental impact of maternal PTSD symptoms on young children's depression and anxiety symptoms, disruptive behavior, and stress-related symptoms. DESIGN A multi-ethnic sample of 242 trauma-exposed mothers and their preschool-aged children was assessed. Maternal responsive parenting behaviors were observed during standardized parent-child interactions. Maternal and child mental health symptoms were reported by mothers. RESULTS Maternal PTSD symptoms were associated with their responsive parenting behaviors and predicted children's mental health symptoms. Responsive parenting was inversely associated with children's depression and stress-related symptoms. Moderation analyses revealed an interactive effect of maternal symptoms and responsive parenting on preschool children's disruptive behavior and stress-related symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Responsive parenting behaviors can mitigate the ill effects of maternal PTSD symptoms. Nurturing relationships buffer the impact of maternal PTSD. Helping parents' to sensitively respond to their young children's distress can support positive outcomes in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Greene
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 65 Kane Street, West Hartford, Connecticut 06119
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Heard-Garris N, Davis MM, Estabrook R, Burns J, Briggs-Gowan M, Allen N, Carnethon M, Aguayo L, Wakschlag L, Penedo F. Adverse childhood experiences and biomarkers of inflammation in a diverse cohort of early school-aged children. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 1:100006. [PMID: 38377426 PMCID: PMC8474684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2019.100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between ACEs and inflammatory profiles (i.e., pro- and anti-) in early childhood and to examine whether patterns differ for racial/ethnic subgroups. Study design Using longitudinal data from the Multidimensional Assessment of Preschoolers Study (MAPS) (N = 122), we examined the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) beginning at birth, C -reactive protein (CRP), and both pro-inflammatory (i.e., IL-1 β, IL-6, TNF, and CRP) and anti-inflammatory (i.e. IL-4 and IL-10) biomarkers during early school age (ages 6-8 years). Results No children in the sample were reported to have experienced 0 ACES, 7% had 1 ACE, 51% had 2-3 ACEs, and 42% had 4 or more ACEs accumulated by the early school-age wave (ESA). There were no significant associations between cumulative ACEs and inflammatory markers. However, parental substance abuse, a specific ACE, was positively correlated with a pro-inflammatory profile at early school age (r = 0.18, p<.05). Specifically, substance abuse as an ACE was associated with higher levels of pro-inflammatory markers such as IL-1 β and IL-6. Additionally, Hispanics with ACEs had higher levels of CRP than Black and white individuals. Conclusions Children with histories of ACEs, especially those with parental substance abuse, may have higher levels of inflammation. Better understanding the role of inflammation in the development of chronic diseases for individuals with ACEs may allow earlier identification and prevention of disease during childhood for those at the highest risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nia Heard-Garris
- Division of Academic General Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Box 86, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Mary Ann & J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research, Outreach, and Advocacy Center, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 303 E. Superior St. Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Matthew M. Davis
- Division of Academic General Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Box 86, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Mary Ann & J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research, Outreach, and Advocacy Center, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 303 E. Superior St. Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Medical Social Sciences, and Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N St. Clair Street Arkes Pavilion, Suite 2300, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Ryne Estabrook
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 N. St. Clair St, 19th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - James Burns
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 N. St. Clair St, 19th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Margaret Briggs-Gowan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030-1410, USA
| | - Norrina Allen
- Departments of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Dr. Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Mercedes Carnethon
- Departments of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Dr. Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Liliana Aguayo
- Division of Academic General Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Departments of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Dr. Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Lauren Wakschlag
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Science, Northwestern University, 633 N. St. Clair, Suite 19-041, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Departments of Medical Social Sciences, Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, 633 N. St. Clair St., 19th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Frank Penedo
- Departments of Psychology and Medicine, University of Miami, Florida, P.O. Box 248185, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, USA
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Adhia A, Jeong J. Fathers' perpetration of intimate partner violence and parenting during early childhood: Results from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 96:104103. [PMID: 31377531 PMCID: PMC6761008 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization negatively impact maternal parenting. However, little is known about the association between fathers' perpetration of IPV and paternal parenting. OBJECTIVE To examine associations between fathers' IPV perpetration against the child's mother and fathers' stimulation and spanking practices with their young child. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING We used two waves of data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study in the United States. The analytic sample comprised of 2,257 biological fathers who had been in a romantic relationship with the child's mother. METHODS Fathers' IPV perpetration at year 1 and 3 was measured based on maternal report. Fathers were categorized into: never perpetrators (no IPV at either year), persisters (IPV at both years), desisters (IPV at year 1 only), and emergers (IPV at year 3 only). Fathers' parenting at year 3 was measured based on self-reported stimulation (e.g., reading books, playing games, telling stories) and spanking. RESULTS Approximately one-third of fathers never perpetrated IPV, 35.8% were persisters, 14.4% were desisters, and 16.9% were emergers. For stimulation, persisters (β=-0.16, 95% CI: -0.25, -0.06) and emergers (β=-0.25, 95% CI: -0.36, -0.14), but not desisters (β=-0.02, 95% CI: -0.14, 0.11), were less engaged in stimulation than fathers who never perpetrated IPV. However, for spanking, there were no differences in the associations by father IPV profiles. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that fathers' perpetration of IPV is related to their stimulation practices. Partner-abusive men and their children may benefit from parenting programs that promote engagement in stimulation and improve the quality of parent-child relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avanti Adhia
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Box 359960, 325 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
| | - Joshua Jeong
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Lünnemann MKM, Horst FCPVD, Prinzie P, Luijk MPCM, Steketee M. The intergenerational impact of trauma and family violence on parents and their children. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 96:104134. [PMID: 31415957 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children who experience Child Abuse and Neglect (CAN) are at an increased risk of becoming a victim of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) or a perpetrator of IPV or CAN. Moreover, maltreated children are at risk for developing long-lasting trauma symptoms, which can subsequently affect their own children's lives. Understanding the mechanisms of the intergenerational transmission of violence and trauma is a prerequisite for the development of interventions. OBJECTIVE We examine whether the relation between historical CAN and current trauma symptoms of mothers is mediated by current IPV. Furthermore, we investigate whether current CAN mediates the relation between current maternal trauma symptoms and child Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms. These mechanisms are compared for mothers and fathers. PARTICIPANTS We have recruited 101 fathers and 360 mothers (426 children, 50% boys, mean age 7 years) through child protection services. METHODS Respondents completed questionnaires about IPV, (historical) CAN and trauma symptoms. RESULTS Structural equation models revealed that historical CAN of father and mothers was related to trauma symptoms. Only for mothers, this association was mediated by IPV. Trauma symptoms of both fathers and mothers were related to child PTSD symptoms. This effect was not mediated by current CAN. CONCLUSION In violent families, maternal and paternal trauma can be transmitted over generations. However, intergenerational transmission of violence is found for mothers only. When family violence is reported, professionals should take the violence into account, as well as the history of parents and trauma symptoms of all family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K M Lünnemann
- Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Verwey-Jonker Institute, Kromme Nieuwegracht 6, 3512 HG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - F C P Van der Horst
- Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - P Prinzie
- Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - M P C M Luijk
- Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - M Steketee
- Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Verwey-Jonker Institute, Kromme Nieuwegracht 6, 3512 HG Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Understanding and managing intimate partner violence in the pediatric primary care setting: a review. Curr Opin Pediatr 2019; 31:683-690. [PMID: 31464765 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000000818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To highlight the impact of intimate partner violence (IPV), also known as domestic violence, on children and families and to provide a framework for pediatricians in managing IPV-affected families. RECENT FINDINGS Children living with a victim of IPV are at a much higher risk of being physically abused themselves. Exposure to IPV places children at high risk for multiple adverse childhood experiences, long-term health morbidity, and increased chance of intergenerational transmission of child abuse and future IPV. Exposure to a violent home environment alone is considered a form of child maltreatment. Furthermore, recent studies have proposed that maternal posttraumatic stress disorder and ineffective parenting styles by a victim of IPV mediate children's negative developmental outcomes, such as aggressive or internalizing behavior, mental health issues, and developmental delays. Trauma-informed care and a better understanding of the child abuse reporting process allow pediatricians to address specific needs of children and families exposed to IPV, to serve as mandated reporters with sensitivity and empathy, and to promote resiliency in families. SUMMARY IPV is a public health issue that affects children in a variety of ways. Pediatricians can better manage this very serious and personal issue in their offices through an understanding of the unique healthcare needs of children and families impacted by IPV.
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Silva EP, Ludermir AB, Lima MDC, Eickmann SH, Emond A. Mental health of children exposed to intimate partner violence against their mother: A longitudinal study from Brazil. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 92:1-11. [PMID: 30901613 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) is an important adverse childhood experience, but there are few longitudinal studies in low and middle-income countries. OBJECTIVE To investigate the consequences of exposure to IPV for a child's mental health. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 614 mother-child pairs were evaluated in a poor urban district in Recife, northeastern Brazil. METHODS Women were interviewed in pregnancy, postpartum and six to nine years after delivery, and asked about their experience of IPV, and the exposure of their child to violence. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was completed by child's mother and teacher. Ten types of child experience of IPV and the age of onset of exposure were compared with the child's behavioral profile at school age. RESULTS The mothers reported that 372/614 (60.6%) children had been exposed to IPV. The commonest types of child exposure to IPV were "prenatally", "overheard", "eyewitnessed", and 10.0% of children were physically or verbally involved in the IPV. Mothers reported high SDQ Total Difficulties scores in 71.7% of all children exposed to IPV and teachers in 59.8%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated the strongest association with behavioral difficulties was with exposure to IPV in the age group 1-2 years (OR 2.5 [95% CI: 1.3-4.8]). CONCLUSION Young children are sensitive to the age of first exposure to IPV and to the type of IPV. Interventions to reduce IPV should be targeted on vulnerable women from poor urban communities during their pregnancies and in the first two years of their child's life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Pereira Silva
- Departamento Materno Infantil, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Hospital das Clínicas, 2(o) Andar, Av. Prof. Moraes Rêgo, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, CEP: 50.670-420, Brazil.
| | - Ana Bernarda Ludermir
- Departamento de Medicina Social, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. da Engenharia, s/n, Bloco "D" - 1º Andar, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50.740-600, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Marília de Carvalho Lima
- Departamento Materno Infantil, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Hospital das Clínicas, 2(o) Andar, Av. Prof. Moraes Rêgo, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, CEP: 50.670-420, Brazil
| | - Sophie Helena Eickmann
- Departamento Materno Infantil, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Hospital das Clínicas, 2(o) Andar, Av. Prof. Moraes Rêgo, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, CEP: 50.670-420, Brazil
| | - Alan Emond
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, 1-5 Whiteladies Road Clifton, Bristol, BS8 1NU, United Kingdom
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Hicks LM, Dayton CJ. Mindfulness and trauma symptoms predict child abuse potential in risk-exposed, men and women during pregnancy. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 90:43-51. [PMID: 30738238 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly a third of adults report childhood trauma in their youth and approximately 700,000 cases of child maltreatment were reported in 2016. Both history of childhood trauma and current trauma symptoms in adults are linked to child maltreatment, although many trauma-exposed individuals are warm and nurturing parents. Identifying resiliency factors in adults with risk factors for harsh parenting may illuminate new pathways to sensitive parenting. Mindfulness is reported to improve trauma and mental health symptoms but the relationship between mindfulness, trauma, and child abuse potential is not yet understood. OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between mindfulness, childhood trauma experiences, trauma symptoms and child abuse potential. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Our participants were 102 expectant parents recruiting from obstetric clinics and agencies Detroit, MI (58.8% African American, 27.5% Caucasian). METHOD Bivariate correlations were examined using validated, self-report questionnaires. Significant variables were included in a hierarchical linear regression to identify predicting factors that contribute to child abuse potential scores. RESULTS Significant correlations between child abuse potential with current trauma symptoms (r = .53, p < .01) and mindfulness (r = -.32, p < .01) were found, but no link with past childhood trauma experiences and child abuse potential were identified. The model significantly predicts child abuse potential (ΔR2 = .10, F(5, 96), = 12.48, p < .001). Trauma symptoms (B = .09, p < .001, 95% confidence interval [CI][-.40, -.07]) and mindfulness nonreactivity (B = -.24, p < .01, 95% CI[.05, .14]) predicted higher potential for child abuse scores. CONCLUSION Findings suggest increased mindfulness, especially nonreactivity to one's own thoughts, may be an important factor to protect against child abuse potential. Interventions to increase parental mindfulness may reduce child abuse potential and improve child well-being, but further mechanistic research is needed to determine this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel M Hicks
- Wayne State University, School of Social Work, Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, 5447 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Carolyn J Dayton
- Wayne State University, School of Social Work, Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, 5447 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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Fredman SJ, Le Y, Marshall AD, Garcia Hernandez W, Feinberg ME, Ammerman RT. Parents' PTSD symptoms and child abuse potential during the perinatal period: Direct associations and mediation via relationship conflict. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 90:66-75. [PMID: 30753996 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are associated with parental aggression towards children, but little is known about the relation between parents' PTSD symptoms and their risk for perpetrating child physical abuse during the early parenting years, when the potential for prevention of abuse may be highest. OBJECTIVE To examine direct associations between mothers' and fathers' PTSD symptoms and child abuse potential, as well as indirect effects through couple relationship adjustment (i.e., conflict and love) in a high-risk sample of parents during the perinatal period, most of whom were first-time parents. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING From March 2013 to August 2016, data were collected from 150 expecting or new parental dyads in which the mother was participating in a home visiting program. METHODS Data were analyzed using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model. RESULTS For mothers and fathers, there were direct associations between PTSD symptom severity and child abuse potential (βs = .51, ps <.001), and this association for fathers was stronger at higher levels of mothers' PTSD symptoms (β = .15, p = .03). In addition, parents' own and their partners' PTSD symptoms were each indirectly associated with parents' own child abuse potential through parents' report of interparental conflict (standardized indirect effects = .052-.069, ps = .004) but not love. CONCLUSIONS Addressing parents' PTSD symptoms and relationship conflict during the perinatal period using both systemic and developmental perspectives may uniquely serve to decrease the risk of child physical abuse and its myriad adverse consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffany J Fredman
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, 115 Health and Human Development, University Park, PA, 16802, United States.
| | - Yunying Le
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, 115 Health and Human Development, University Park, PA, 16802, United States.
| | - Amy D Marshall
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, 259 Moore Building, University Park, PA, 16802, United States.
| | - Walter Garcia Hernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, United States.
| | - Mark E Feinberg
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, 310 Biobehavioral Health, University Park, PA, 16802, United States.
| | - Robert T Ammerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States.
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Lamela D, Jongenelen I, Pinto R, Levendosky A. Typologies of intimate partner violence-maternal parenting and children's externalizing problems: The moderating effect of the exposure to other forms of family violence. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 81:60-73. [PMID: 29723700 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Typologies of IPV and parenting practices in mothers who experienced police-reported IPV remain surprisingly unexplored, in addition to how those typologies are linked with children's externalizing problems. Using data from 162 Portuguese mother-child dyads with a police or child protection services referral of IPV, this study aimed to: (a) identify IPV-parenting typologies; (b) test the associations between typologies and children's externalizing problems, and (c) examine the moderating effect of children's exposure to other forms of family violence in those associations. Using a person-centered approach, two IPV-parenting typologies were found: a spillover typology, with high levels of physical, psychological, and sexual violence and high levels of harsh and inconsistent parenting practices; and a compartmentalized typology, with high levels of physical, psychological, and sexual violence and lower ineffective parenting practices. Results also showed that externalizing symptoms (reported by mothers and teachers) were significantly lower in children of mothers in the compartmentalized typology compared to those in the spillover typology. Children's direct exposure to other forms of family violence moderated this association. Findings suggested that children with a high exposure to other forms of family violence showed the highest levels of externalizing problems when their mothers were classified into the spillover typology, and they exhibited the lowest levels of externalizing problems when their mothers were classified in the compartmentalized typology.
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