1
|
Raoof GFA, El-Anssary AA, Younis EA, Aly HF. Metabolomic Analysis and in Vitro Investigation of the Biological Properties of a By-Product Derived from Vicia faba. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301095. [PMID: 37878681 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
By-products from plant sources are recently regarded as a valuable source of bioactive compounds. In this regard, the present study aims to assess the bioactivities of the 70 % MeOH extract obtained from Vicia faba peels and analyze its metabolomic profile. Acetylcholinesterase and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes inhibitory activities of the plant extract were assayed using quantitative colorimetric tests. Antioxidant activity was estimated by DPPH assay, and cytotoxic activity was evaluated against normal fibroblast skin cells (1-BJ1). Ninety-one metabolites were tentatively identified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) hyphenated with quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS). Most of these compounds were described for the first time in the plant. In addition, catechin, rutin, quercitrin, and rhamnetin were isolated from the plant extract. The plant extract and the isolated compounds possessed no cytotoxic activity on (1-BJ1), while they exhibited anticholinesterase with the highest activity for 70 % MeOH extract (IC50 =120.11 mg/L), antioxidant potential with the highest activity for rutin (90.54±0.73 %), and carbohydrate metabolizing inhibitory activities with the highest activity for rutin. These discoveries imply that V. faba peels might serve as an efficient antioxidant, exhibit anticholinesterase properties, and have the potential for use in managing diabetes, all while avoiding cytotoxicity in normal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gehan F Abdel Raoof
- Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Research Industries Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Amira A El-Anssary
- Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Research Industries Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Eman A Younis
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan F Aly
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Su M, Serafimov K, Li P, Knappe C, Lämmerhofer M. Isomer selectivity of one- and two-dimensional approaches of mixed-mode and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry for sugar phosphates of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathways. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1688:463727. [PMID: 36566570 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the chromatographic behavior of mixed-mode and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) with the mixed-mode HILIC/strong anion-exchange (SAX) column HILICpak VT-50 2D and the two HILIC columns Atlantis Premier BEH Z-HILIC and Acquity Premier BEH Amide was assessed with regard to their separation capability of the metabolites from the glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathways. Chromatographic conditions were evaluated with the aim of achieving separation of the isomeric glycolytic phosphorylated carbohydrate metabolites free from isomeric interferences and thus allowing for selective targeted analysis by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using multiple reaction monitoring acquisition. The effects of pH values (8.0/9.0/10.0) of the ammonium bicarbonate buffer and gradient time were investigated during HILIC-MS/MS analysis, with the optimal conditions found at pH = 10.0. Separation of the pentose phosphate isomers (ribose 5- and 1-phosphate, xylulose 5-phosphate and ribulose 5-phosphate) was achieved on the mixed-mode HILIC/SAX (HILICpak VT-50 2D) column and HILIC BEH Amide column. Column performance was evaluated based on the direct comparison of chromatographic parameters, i.e. peak width at 50% and peak tailing factors of the individual metabolites. Parity plots were generated allowing a direct comparison between the normalized retention times and assessment of orthogonality of all 3 stationary phases evaluated. Separation of 7 biologically relevant hexose monophosphates metabolites turned out to be challenging by HILIC-MS/MS, with the BEH Amide providing the best individual results for such a separation. However, fructose 6-phosphate and glucose 1-phosphate co-eluted. Therefore, an on-line heart-cutting HILIC-Mixed Mode 2D-LC-QToF experiment was conducted, allowing the separation of this critical isomer pair. In this setup, the BEH Amide column in the 1D separated the majority of target metabolites, while a heart-cut of the peak from totally coeluted fructose 6-phosphate and glucose 1-phosphate was separated in the 2D with HILICpak VT50-2D column, thus allowing undisturbed determination of the glycolytic phosphorylated carbohydrate metabolites due to their chromatographic separation from hexose monophosphate metabolites. The assay specificity towards 7 common hexose monophosphates was characterized (glucose 1- and 6-phosphate, galactose 1- and 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, mannose 1- and 6-phosphate). The selectivity of some rare hexose monophosphates (allose 6-phosphate, tagatose 6-phosphate, sorbose 1-phosphate) was also tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Su
- Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Kristian Serafimov
- Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Peng Li
- Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Cornelius Knappe
- Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen 72076, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Targeted profiling of polar metabolites in cancer metabolic reprogramming by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1686:463654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
4
|
Targeted analysis of sugar phosphates from glycolysis pathway by phosphate methylation with liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1221:340099. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
5
|
Li S, Liu FL, Zhang Z, Yin XM, Ye TT, Yuan BF, Feng YQ. Ultrasensitive Determination of Sugar Phosphates in Trace Samples by Stable Isotope Chemical Labeling Combined with RPLC-MS. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4866-4873. [PMID: 35274930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sugar phosphates are important metabolic intermediates in organisms and play a vital role in energy and central carbon metabolism. Profiling of sugar phosphates is of great significance but full of challenges due to their high structural similarity and low sensitivities in liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS). In this study, we developed a novel stable isotope chemical labeling combined with the reversed-phase (RP)LC-MS method for ultrasensitive determination of sugar phosphates at the single-cell level. By chemical derivatization with 2-(diazo-methyl)-N-methyl-N-phenyl-benzamide (2-DMBA) and d5-2-DMBA, sugar phosphate isomers can obtain better separation and identification, and the detection sensitivities of sugar phosphates increased by 3.5-147 folds. The obtained limits of detection of sugar phosphates ranged from 5 to 16 pg/mL. Using this method, we achieved ultrasensitive and accurate quantification of 12 sugar phosphates in different trace biological samples. Benefiting from the improved separation and detection sensitivity, we successfully quantified five sugar phosphates (d-glucose 1-phosphate, d-mannose 6-phosphate, d-fructose 6-phosphate, d-glucose 6-phosphate, and seduheptulose 7-phosphate) in a single protoplast of Arabidopsis thaliana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fei-Long Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tian-Tian Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bi-Feng Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.,School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.,School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Darii E, Gimbert Y, Alves S, Damont A, Perret A, Woods AS, Fenaille F, Tabet JC. First Direct Evidence of Interpartner Hydride/Deuteride Exchanges for Stored Sodiated Arginine/Fructose-6-phosphate Complex Anions within Salt-Solvated Structures. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:1424-1440. [PMID: 33929837 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometric investigations of noncovalent binding between low molecular weight compounds revealed the existence of gas-phase (GP) noncovalent complex (NCC) ions involving zwitterionic structures. ESI MS is used to prove the formation of stable sodiated NCC anions between fructose (F6P) and arginine (R) moieties. Theoretical calculations indicate a folded solvated salt (i.e., sodiated carboxylate interacting with phosphate) rather than a charge-solvated form. Under standard CID conditions, [(F6P+R-H+Na)-H]- competitively forms two major product ions (PIs) through partner splitting [(R-H+Na) loss] and charge-induced cross-ring cleavage while preserving the noncovalent interactions (noncovalent product ions (NCPIs)). MS/MS experiments combined with in-solution proton/deuteron exchanges (HDXs) demonstrated an unexpected labeling of PIs, i.e., a correlated D-enrichment/D-depletion. An increase in activation time up to 3000 ms favors such processes when limited to two H/D exchanges. These results are rationalized by interpartner hydride/deuteride exchanges (⟨HDX⟩) through stepwise isomerization/dissociation of sodiated NCC-d11 anions. In addition, the D-enrichment/D-depletion discrepancy is further explained by back HDX with residual water in LTQ (selective for the isotopologue NCPIs as shown by PI relaxation experiments). Each isotopologue leads to only one back HDX unlike multiple HDXs generally observed in GP. This behavior shows that NCPIs are zwitterions with charges solvated by a single water molecule, thus generating a back HDX through a relay mechanism, which quenches the charges and prevents further back HDX. By estimating back HDX impact on D-depletion, the interpartner ⟨HDX⟩ complementarity was thus illustrated. This is the first description of interpartner ⟨HDX⟩ and selective back HDX validating salt-solvated structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Darii
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Yves Gimbert
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 5250, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38058 Grenoble, France
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et de l'Ingénierie, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandra Alves
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et de l'Ingénierie, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Annelaure Damont
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Alain Perret
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Amina S Woods
- NIDA IRP, NIH Structural Biology Unit Cellular Neurobiology Branch, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - François Fenaille
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Claude Tabet
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et de l'Ingénierie, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), F-75005 Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fernández I, González-Mora JL, Lorenzo-Luis P, Villalonga R, Salazar-Carballo PA. Nickel oxide nanoparticles-modified glassy carbon electrodes for non-enzymatic determination of total sugars in commercial beverages. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
8
|
Ogura T, Wakayama M, Ashino Y, Kadowaki R, Sato M, Soga T, Tomita M. Effects of feed crops and boiling on chicken egg yolk and white determined by a metabolome analysis. Food Chem 2020; 327:127077. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
9
|
Cheetham NWH, Tran TD. Direct formation and isolation of unprotected α-and β-d-ribopyranosyl urea, α-and β-d-ribofuranosyl urea, and a ribosyl-1,2-cyclic carbamate in carbohydrate melts. Carbohydr Res 2020; 492:108021. [PMID: 32388218 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Solvent-free melts of unprotected d-ribose and urea generated mainly C1- substituted ribosyl products. The remarkable resolving power of a graphitised-carbon HPLC column allowed products of the reaction formed over a range of heating times and temperatures to be monitored. Heating an uncatalysed mixture of d-ribose and urea at temperatures between 75 °C and 90 °C resulted in complex mixtures of compounds; after 19 h heating at 90 °C, up to ten components could be resolved. At shorter heating times and lower temperatures, the composition and distribution of products varied. By manipulation of the reaction time and temperature, and with the addition of an acid catalyst, it was possible to optimise the yields of selected products. Thus, the acid-catalysed reaction after 1-2 h at 80 °C gave optimal yields of α- and β-d-ribopyranosyl urea, whereas the uncatalysed reaction after 22 h at 75-78 °C in addition produced significant amounts of α-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2- cyclic carbamate [glyco-1,2-oxazolidin-2-one] plus the α- and β-ribofuranosyl ureas. The five compounds were isolated and characterised, demonstrating the significant advantages of this approach; its simplicity, and the ability to produce multiple compounds of biological interest in a single step. LC/MS was used to identify tentatively several other components of the reaction mixture. The unprotected title compounds were prepared, isolated and characterised with water as the only solvent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norman W H Cheetham
- School of Science and Engineering,University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked Bag 4, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, 4558, Australia.
| | - Trong D Tran
- School of Science and Engineering,University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked Bag 4, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, 4558, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Goncharova EN, Statkus MA, Tsizin GI, Zolotov YA. Porous Graphitized Carbon for the Separation and Preconcentration of Hydrophilic Substances. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934820040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
11
|
Gika H, Virgiliou C, Theodoridis G, Plumb RS, Wilson ID. Untargeted LC/MS-based metabolic phenotyping (metabonomics/metabolomics): The state of the art. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1117:136-147. [PMID: 31009899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography (LC) hyphenated to mass spectrometry is currently the most widely used means of determining metabolic phenotypes via both untargeted and targeted analysis. At present a range of analytical separations, including reversed-phase, hydrophilic interaction and ion-pair LC are employed to maximise metabolome coverage with ultra (high) performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) increasingly displacing conventional high performance liquid chromatography because of the need for short analysis times and high peak capacity in such applications. However, it is widely recognized that these methodologies do not entirely solve the problems facing researchers trying to perform comprehensive metabolic phenotyping and in addition to these "routine" approaches there are continuing investigations of alternative separation methods including 2-dimensional/multi column approaches. These involve either new stationary phases or multidimensional combinations of the more conventional materials currently used, as well as application of miniaturization or "new" approaches such as supercritical HP and UHP- chromatographic separations. There is also a considerable amount of interest in the combination of chromatographic and ion mobility separations, with the latter providing both an increase in resolution and the potential to provide additional structural information via the determination of molecular collision cross section data. However, key problems remain to be solved including ensuring quality, comparability across different laboratories and the ever present difficulty of identifying unknowns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Gika
- Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Biomic AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; FoodOmicsGR Research Infrastructure, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina Virgiliou
- Biomic AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; FoodOmicsGR Research Infrastructure, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Theodoridis
- Biomic AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; FoodOmicsGR Research Infrastructure, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Ian D Wilson
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Development of Voltammetric Glucose-6-phosphate Biosensors Based on the Immobilization of Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase on Polypyrrole- and Chitosan-Coated Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles/Polypyrrole Nanocomposite Films. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 188:1145-1157. [PMID: 30820758 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-02979-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polypyrrole (PPy) and PPy-containing chitosan-coated Fe3O4 have been electrochemically polymerized on pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs). After the resulting electrodes were characterized by SEM-EDS analysis, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) was immobilized onto these electrodes via glutaraldehyde. The biosensors prepared for the chronopotentiometric detection of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) at 0.25 mAcm-2 were studied and optimized at different parameters such as the pH of supporting electrolyte, the temperature, and NADP+ and G6P concentrations related with the analytical performance of the biosensors. PPy/G6PD (BS-1) and CS/Fe3O4-PPy/G6PD (BS-2) biosensors showed a broad linear response in the concentration range 0.025-0.25 mM and 0.0025-0.05 mM, and their detection limits for G6P and the RSD values were determined as 0.008 mM and 0.002 mM and 3.80% and 4.60% after 15 times usage, respectively. The interference study with various major blood components such as urea, glucose, and cysteine was performed to evaluate the selectivity of the biosensors. The proposed BS-2 biosensor showed almost free response from available interferences in blood serum with a recovery of 91 to 110%. The developed biosensors could be used in the G6P level measurement of medical samples.
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Phosphorylated carbohydrates are central metabolites involved in key plant metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis and central carbon metabolism. Such pathways influence plant growth, development, and stress responses to environmental changes, and ultimately, reflect the plant's energy status. The high polarity of these metabolites, the variety of isomeric structures (e.g., glucose-1-phosphate (G1P)/fructose-6-phosphate (F6P)/mannose-6-phosphate (M6P)/G6P, sucrose-6-phosphate (S6P)/T6P), and rapid metabolic turnover makes their analysis particularly challenging. In this chapter, we describe the use of a set of known phosphorylated carbohydrates to develop and validate a hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) triple quadrupole (QqQ) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method in the highly sensitive and selective multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode for the target analysis of G1P, F6P, M6P, G6P, S6P, T6P, and the sugar nucleotide uridine 5-diphospho-glucose (UDPG). We present detailed information regarding HILIC column chemistry and practical considerations when coupling it with a QqQ-MS system.
Collapse
|
14
|
Luo XT, Cai BD, Jiang HP, Xiao HM, Yuan BF, Feng YQ. Sensitive analysis of trehalose-6-phosphate and related sugar phosphates in plant tissues by chemical derivatization combined with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1592:82-90. [PMID: 30679043 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) is an important signaling metabolite that is involved in many physiological processes. However, the mechanism of the biological functions of T6P is not fully understood. Quantification of T6P in plants will be beneficial to elucidate the mechanism. However, it is still a challenge to chromatographically separate and sensitively detect T6P and related sugar phosphates. In the current study, we developed a method for effective separation and sensitive detection of glucose-1-phosphate (G1P), glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), sucrose-6-phosphate (S6P) and T6P in plant tissues by chemical derivatization combined with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ChD-HILIC-MS/MS). With this method, two pairs of isomers (G1P/G6P and S6P/T6P) could be well separated on a HILIC column and sensitively detected by MS with limits of detection (LODs) ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 ng mL-1. The developed method was successfully applied to the detection of endogenous G1P, G6P, S6P and T6P in small amounts of plant tissues, such as 1 mg fresh weight of Oryza sativa shoot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bao-Dong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Han-Peng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hua-Ming Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bi-Feng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rende U, Niittylä T, Moritz T. Two-step derivatization for determination of sugar phosphates in plants by combined reversed phase chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. PLANT METHODS 2019; 15:127. [PMID: 31719834 PMCID: PMC6836659 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-019-0514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar phosphates are important intermediates of central carbon metabolism in biological systems, with roles in glycolysis, the pentose-phosphate pathway, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and many other biosynthesis pathways. Understanding central carbon metabolism requires a simple, robust and comprehensive analytical method. However, sugar phosphates are notoriously difficult to analyze by traditional reversed phase liquid chromatography. RESULTS Here, we show a two-step derivatization of sugar phosphates by methoxylamine and propionic acid anhydride after chloroform/methanol (3:7) extraction from Populus leaf and developing wood that improves separation, identification and quantification of sugar phosphates by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS). Standard curves of authentic sugar phosphates were generated for concentrations from pg to ng/μl with a correlation coefficient R 2 > 0.99. The method showed high sensitivity and repeatability with relative standard deviation (RSD) < 20% based on repeated extraction, derivatization and detection. The analytical accuracy for Populus leaf extracts, determined by a two-level spiking approach of selected metabolites, was 79-107%. CONCLUSION The results show the reliability of combined reversed phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for sugar phosphate analysis and demonstrate the presence of two unknown sugar phosphates in Populus extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umut Rende
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Totte Niittylä
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
- The NovoNordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Walvekar A, Rashida Z, Maddali H, Laxman S. A versatile LC-MS/MS approach for comprehensive, quantitative analysis of central metabolic pathways. Wellcome Open Res 2018; 3:122. [PMID: 30345389 PMCID: PMC6171562 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14832.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) based approaches are widely used for the identification and quantitation of specific metabolites, and are a preferred approach towards analyzing cellular metabolism. Most methods developed come with specific requirements such as unique columns, ion-pairing reagents and pH conditions, and typically allow measurements in a specific pathway alone. Here, we present a single column-based set of methods for simultaneous coverage of multiple pathways, primarily focusing on central carbon, amino acid, and nucleotide metabolism. We further demonstrate the use of this method for quantitative, stable isotope-based metabolic flux experiments, expanding its use beyond steady-state level measurements of metabolites. The expected kinetics of label accumulation pertinent to the pathway under study are presented with some examples. The methods discussed here are broadly applicable, minimize the need for multiple chromatographic resolution methods, and highlight how simple labeling experiments can be valuable in facilitating a comprehensive understanding of the metabolic state of cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adhish Walvekar
- Institute for Stem Cell biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
| | - Zeenat Rashida
- Institute for Stem Cell biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Hemanth Maddali
- Institute for Stem Cell biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
| | - Sunil Laxman
- Institute for Stem Cell biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen H, Chen W, Hong B, Zhang Y, Hong Z, Yi R. Determination of trehalose by ion chromatography and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats after intramuscular injection. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4355. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of The Environment and Ecology; Xiamen University; Xiamen Fujian China
- Third Institute of Oceanography; State Oceanic Administration; Xiamen Fujian China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources; Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration; Xiamen Fujian China
| | - Weizhu Chen
- Third Institute of Oceanography; State Oceanic Administration; Xiamen Fujian China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources; Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration; Xiamen Fujian China
| | - Bihong Hong
- Third Institute of Oceanography; State Oceanic Administration; Xiamen Fujian China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources; Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration; Xiamen Fujian China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Third Institute of Oceanography; State Oceanic Administration; Xiamen Fujian China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources; Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration; Xiamen Fujian China
| | - Zhuan Hong
- Third Institute of Oceanography; State Oceanic Administration; Xiamen Fujian China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources; Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration; Xiamen Fujian China
| | - Ruizao Yi
- Third Institute of Oceanography; State Oceanic Administration; Xiamen Fujian China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources; Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration; Xiamen Fujian China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bertini E, Merlin M, Gecchele E, Puggia A, Brozzetti A, Commisso M, Falorni A, Bini V, Klymyuk V, Pezzotti M, Avesani L. Design of a Type-1 Diabetes Vaccine Candidate Using Edible Plants Expressing a Major Autoantigen. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:572. [PMID: 29765386 PMCID: PMC5938395 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Type-1 diabetes (T1D) is a metabolic disease involving the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. It is often diagnosed by the detection of autoantibodies, typically those recognizing insulin itself or the 65-kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65). Oral insulin can be used to induce systemic immunological tolerance and thus prevent or delay the onset of T1D, suggesting that combination treatments with other autoantigens such as GAD65 could be even more successful. GAD65 has induced oral tolerance and prevented T1D in preclinical studies but it is difficult to produce in sufficient quantities for clinical testing. Here we combined edible plant systems, namely spinach (Spinacia oleracea cv Industra) and red beet (Beta vulgaris cv Moulin Rouge), with the magnICON® expression system to develop a safe, cost-effective and environmentally sustainable platform for the large-scale production of GAD65. The superior red beet platform was extensively characterized in terms of recombinant protein yields and bioequivalence to wild-type plants, and the product was tested for its ability to resist simulated gastric digestion. Our results indicate that red beet plants are suitable for the production of a candidate oral vaccine based on GAD65 for the future preclinical and clinical testing of T1D immunotherapy approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Bertini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matilde Merlin
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Gecchele
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Puggia
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Commisso
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alberto Falorni
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Bini
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Mario Pezzotti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Linda Avesani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- *Correspondence: Linda Avesani,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Busatto N, Farneti B, Commisso M, Bianconi M, Iadarola B, Zago E, Ruperti B, Spinelli F, Zanella A, Velasco R, Ferrarini A, Chitarrini G, Vrhovsek U, Delledonne M, Guzzo F, Costa G, Costa F. Apple fruit superficial scald resistance mediated by ethylene inhibition is associated with diverse metabolic processes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:270-285. [PMID: 29160608 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Fruits stored at low temperature can exhibit different types of chilling injury. In apple, one of the most serious physiological disorders is superficial scald, which is characterized by discoloration and brown necrotic patches on the fruit exocarp. Although this phenomenon is widely ascribed to the oxidation of α-farnesene, its physiology is not yet fully understood. To elucidate the mechanism of superficial scald development and possible means of prevention, we performed an integrated metabolite screen, including an analysis of volatiles, phenols and lipids, together with a large-scale transcriptome study. We also determined that prevention of superficial scald, through the use of an ethylene action inhibitor, is associated with the triggering of cold acclimation-related processes. Specifically, the inhibition of ethylene perception stimulated the production of antioxidant compounds to scavenge reactive oxygen species, the synthesis of fatty acids to stabilize plastid and vacuole membranes against cold temperature, and the accumulation of the sorbitol, which can act as a cryoprotectant. The pattern of sorbitol accumulation was consistent with the expression profile of a sorbitol 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, MdS6PDH, the overexpression of which in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants confirmed its involvement in the cold acclimation and freezing tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Busatto
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all' Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Brian Farneti
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all' Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Mauro Commisso
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, Cà Vignal 1, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Martino Bianconi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, Cà Vignal 1, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Barbara Iadarola
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, Cà Vignal 1, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Zago
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, Cà Vignal 1, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Benedetto Ruperti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Spinelli
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Bologna, Via Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angelo Zanella
- Laimburg Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, via Laimburg 6, 39040, Ora, BZ, Italy
| | - Riccardo Velasco
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all' Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferrarini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, Cà Vignal 1, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulia Chitarrini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all' Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all' Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Massimo Delledonne
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, Cà Vignal 1, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Flavia Guzzo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, Cà Vignal 1, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Costa
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Bologna, Via Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Costa
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all' Adige, Trento, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bínová E, Bína D, Ashford DA, Thomas-Oates J, Nohýnková E. Trehalose During Two Stress Responses in Acanthamoeba : Differentiation Between Encystation and Pseudocyst Formation. Protist 2017; 168:649-662. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
21
|
López-Gutiérrez B, Dinglasan RR, Izquierdo L. Sugar nucleotide quantification by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry reveals a distinct profile in Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage parasites. Biochem J 2017; 474:897-905. [PMID: 28104756 PMCID: PMC5340172 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20161030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The obligate intracellular lifestyle of Plasmodium falciparum and the difficulties in obtaining sufficient amounts of biological material have hampered the study of specific metabolic pathways in the malaria parasite. Thus, for example, the pools of sugar nucleotides required to fuel glycosylation reactions have never been studied in-depth in well-synchronized asexual parasites or in other stages of its life cycle. These metabolites are of critical importance, especially considering the renewed interest in the presence of N-, O-, and other glycans in key parasite proteins. In this work, we adapted a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method based on the use of porous graphitic carbon (PGC) columns and MS-friendly solvents to quantify sugar nucleotides in the malaria parasite. We report the thorough quantification of the pools of these metabolites throughout the intraerythrocytic cycle of P. falciparum The sensitivity of the method enabled, for the first time, the targeted analysis of these glycosylation precursors in gametocytes, the parasite sexual stages that are transmissible to the mosquito vector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Borja López-Gutiérrez
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rhoel R Dinglasan
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Pathology, The University of Florida Emerging Pathogens Institute, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jorge TF, Mata AT, António C. Mass spectrometry as a quantitative tool in plant metabolomics. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2016; 374:20150370. [PMID: 27644967 PMCID: PMC5031636 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is a research field used to acquire comprehensive information on the composition of a metabolite pool to provide a functional screen of the cellular state. Studies of the plant metabolome include the analysis of a wide range of chemical species with very diverse physico-chemical properties, and therefore powerful analytical tools are required for the separation, characterization and quantification of this vast compound diversity present in plant matrices. In this review, challenges in the use of mass spectrometry (MS) as a quantitative tool in plant metabolomics experiments are discussed, and important criteria for the development and validation of MS-based analytical methods provided.This article is part of the themed issue 'Quantitative mass spectrometry'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago F Jorge
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana T Mata
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Carla António
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jorge TF, Rodrigues JA, Caldana C, Schmidt R, van Dongen JT, Thomas-Oates J, António C. Mass spectrometry-based plant metabolomics: Metabolite responses to abiotic stress. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2016; 35:620-49. [PMID: 25589422 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is one omics approach that can be used to acquire comprehensive information on the composition of a metabolite pool to provide a functional screen of the cellular state. Studies of the plant metabolome include analysis of a wide range of chemical species with diverse physical properties, from ionic inorganic compounds to biochemically derived hydrophilic carbohydrates, organic and amino acids, and a range of hydrophobic lipid-related compounds. This complexitiy brings huge challenges to the analytical technologies employed in current plant metabolomics programs, and powerful analytical tools are required for the separation and characterization of this extremely high compound diversity present in biological sample matrices. The use of mass spectrometry (MS)-based analytical platforms to profile stress-responsive metabolites that allow some plants to adapt to adverse environmental conditions is fundamental in current plant biotechnology research programs for the understanding and development of stress-tolerant plants. In this review, we describe recent applications of metabolomics and emphasize its increasing application to study plant responses to environmental (stress-) factors, including drought, salt, low oxygen caused by waterlogging or flooding of the soil, temperature, light and oxidative stress (or a combination of them). Advances in understanding the global changes occurring in plant metabolism under specific abiotic stress conditions are fundamental to enhance plant fitness and increase stress tolerance. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 35:620-649, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago F Jorge
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier-Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-UNL), Avenida República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - João A Rodrigues
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Camila Caldana
- Max-Planck-partner group at the Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory/CNPEM, 13083-970, Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Romy Schmidt
- Institute of Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joost T van Dongen
- Institute of Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jane Thomas-Oates
- Jane Thomas-Oates, Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry, and Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Carla António
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier-Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-UNL), Avenida República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hsieh SW, Lee MR, Tsai CW, Lai LY, Yeh T, Hsieh CW, Yang TJ, Chang SW. Enzymatic synthesis, purification and identification of bioactive trehalose ester derivatives for health applications. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
25
|
Klavins K, Chu DB, Hann S, Koellensperger G. Fully automated on-line two-dimensional liquid chromatography in combination with ESI MS/MS detection for quantification of sugar phosphates in yeast cell extracts. Analyst 2015; 139:1512-20. [PMID: 24471156 DOI: 10.1039/c3an01930f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A mass spectrometric quantitative assay was developed for the analysis of 10 sugar phosphates in the yeast Pichia pastoris. As a novelty, two-dimensional chromatography based on a fully automated heart-cutting LC-LC technique was introduced. Using a ten-port valve, ten fractions of the first chromatographic dimension, i.e. anion exchange chromatography (AEC), were transferred and separated by the orthogonal second dimension, i.e. separation on porous graphitized carbon. The chromatographic separation on the second dimension was optimized for each transferred fraction minimizing the separation time and ensuring complete removal of the salt constituents of the AEC eluents. The latter being crucial for electrospray mass spectrometric detection was confirmed by combining the LC-LC separation with on-line ICP-MS detection. These measurements showed that sodium elution was completed after 0.8 min. Consequently, an analysis time of 1 min per transferred peak was established. In this way, the excellent peak capacity given by ion exchange could be conserved in the second dimension at the same time enabling mass spectrometric detection. Sub-μM limits of detection could be obtained by the new LC-LC-MS/MS methods ranging between 0.03 and 0.19 μM for the investigated compounds (only 3GAP showed a LOD of 1 μM). The method was applied to the quantification of ten sugar phosphates in yeast extracts utilizing internal standardization with a fully labeled (13)C yeast extract. Typically, the standard uncertainties for N = 3 replicates assessed by the LC-LC-MS/MS set-up were <5%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristaps Klavins
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, BOKU-Vienna, Department of Chemistry, Division of Analytical Chemistry, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rye PT, LaMarr WA. Measurement of glycolysis reactants by high-throughput solid phase extraction with tandem mass spectrometry: Characterization of pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase as a case study. Anal Biochem 2015; 482:40-7. [PMID: 25849585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Glycolysis is a 10-step metabolic pathway involved in producing cellular energy. Many tumors exhibit accelerated glycolytic rates, and enzymes that participate in this pathway are focal points of cancer research. Here, a novel method for the measurement of glycolysis reactants from in vitro samples is presented. Fast and direct measurement is achieved by an automated system that couples on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The single analytical method enables multiple reactants to be measured concurrently, sustains a cycle time of 8s, and permits the measurement of up to 10,000 samples per day. Concentration-response curves were conducted using standards for 10 metabolic intermediates, and the results demonstrate that the detection strategy has excellent sensitivity (average limit of detection = 5.4 nM), dynamic range (nanomolar to micromolar), and linear response (average R(2) = 0.998). To test the analysis method on reactions, pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase (PPi-PFK) was used as a model system. Data that corroborate the activation and inhibition of PPi-PFK are presented, and the ways in which SPE-MS/MS simplifies experimental design and interpretation are highlighted. In summary, the method for measuring metabolic intermediates described here demonstrates unprecedented speed, performance, and versatility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Rye
- Agilent Technologies, Wakefield, MA 01880, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Marriott AS, António C, Thomas-Oates J. Application of Carbonaceous Materials in Separation Science. POROUS CARBON MATERIALS FROM SUSTAINABLE PRECURSORS 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782622277-00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Porous carbons in the separation sciences occupy an important niche owing to their unique retention characteristics, chemical stability and the ability to control pore structure through template strategies. However, these same synthetic processes utilise oil-based carbonising resins and high temperature, energy-intensive pyrolysis steps to ensure the carbon product has pore-size regularity, minimal micropore content and homogeneous surface chemistry. This chapter will primarily focus on the development of porous carbons for application as chromatographic stationary phases. Discussion will cover the unique characteristics of the porous carbon retention mechanism and its application in separating a broad range of analyte classes. The chapter then moves on to describe the current disadvantages in the manufacture of commercially available carbon phase and then highlight recent efforts aimed at the development of alternative porous carbon stationary phases derived from sustainable carbon precursors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla António
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier-Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-UNL) Av. República 2780-157 Oeiras Portugal
| | - Jane Thomas-Oates
- Department of Chemistry, University of York York YO10 5DD UK
- Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry, University of York York YO10 5DD UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chu DB, Troyer C, Mairinger T, Ortmayr K, Neubauer S, Koellensperger G, Hann S. Isotopologue analysis of sugar phosphates in yeast cell extracts by gas chromatography chemical ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:2865-75. [PMID: 25673246 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic flux analysis is based on the measurement of isotopologue ratios. In this work, a new GC-MS-based method was introduced enabling accurate determination of isotopologue distributions of sugar phosphates in cell extracts. A GC-TOFMS procedure was developed involving a two-step online derivatization (ethoximation followed by trimethylsilylation) offering high mass resolution, high mass accuracy and the potential of retrospective data analysis typical for TOFMS. The information loss due to fragmentation intrinsic for isotopologue analysis by electron ionization could be overcome by chemical ionization with methane. A thorough optimization regarding pressure of the reaction gas, emission current, electron energy and temperature of the ion source was carried out. For a substantial panel of sugar phosphates both of the glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, sensitive determination of the protonated intact molecular ions together with low abundance fragment ions was successfully achieved. The developed method was evaluated for analysis of Pichia pastoris cell extracts. The measured isotopologue ratios were in the range of 55:1-2:1. The comparison of the experimental isotopologue fractions with the theoretical fractions was excellent, revealing a maximum bias of 4.6% and an average bias of 1.4%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinh Binh Chu
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, BOKU Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Titirici MM, White RJ, Brun N, Budarin VL, Su DS, del Monte F, Clark JH, MacLachlan MJ. Sustainable carbon materials. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:250-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00232f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 860] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based structures are the most versatile materials used in the modern nanotechnology. Therefore there is a need to develop increasingly more sustainable variants of carbon materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin J. White
- Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies
- D-14467 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Nicolas Brun
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier
- UMR 5253
- CNRS-ENSCM-UM2-UM1
- Université Montpellier 2
- 34095 Montpellier
| | - Vitaliy L. Budarin
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence
- University of York
- Department of Chemistry
- York
- UK
| | - Dang Sheng Su
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science
- Institute of Metal Research
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | | | - James H. Clark
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence
- University of York
- Department of Chemistry
- York
- UK
| | - Mark J. MacLachlan
- The University of British Columbia
- Department of Chemistry
- Vancouver
- Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rainville PD, Theodoridis G, Plumb RS, Wilson ID. Advances in liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for metabolic phenotyping. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
31
|
Quéro A, Jousse C, Lequart-Pillon M, Gontier E, Guillot X, Courtois B, Courtois J, Pau-Roblot C. Improved stability of TMS derivatives for the robust quantification of plant polar metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 970:36-43. [PMID: 25237783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Plant metabolite profiling is commonly carried out by GC-MS of methoximated trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives. This technique is robust and enables a library search for spectra produced by electron ionization. However, recent articles have described problems associated with the low stability of some TMS derivatives. This limits the use of GC-MS for metabolomic studies that need large sets of qualitative and quantitative analyses. The aim of this work is to determine the experimental conditions in which the stability of TMS derivatives could be improved. This would facilitate the analysis of the large-scale experimental designs needed in the metabolomics approach. For good repeatability, the sampling conditions and the storage temperature of samples during analysis were investigated. Multiple injections of one sample from one vial led to high variations while injection of one sample from different vials improved the analysis. However, before injection, some amino acid TMS derivatives were degraded during the storage of vials in the autosampler. Only 10% of the initial quantity of glutamine 3 TMS and glutamate 3 TMS and 66% of α-alanine 2 TMS was detected 48 h after derivatization. When stored at 4 °C until injection, all TMS derivatives remained stable for 12 h; at -20 °C, they remained stable for 72 h. From the integration of all these results, a detailed analytical procedure is thus proposed. It enables a robust quantification of polar metabolites, useful for further plant metabolomics studies using GC-MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Quéro
- Unité de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, IUT d'Amiens, Dept. GB, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, 80025 Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Cyril Jousse
- Unité de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Michelle Lequart-Pillon
- Unité de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Eric Gontier
- Unité de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Xavier Guillot
- Laboulet Semences S.A., 1 rue Carnot, 80270 Airaines, France
| | - Bernard Courtois
- Unité de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, IUT d'Amiens, Dept. GB, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, 80025 Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Josiane Courtois
- Unité de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, IUT d'Amiens, Dept. GB, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, 80025 Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Corinne Pau-Roblot
- Unité de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liu Z, Rochfort S. Recent progress in polar metabolite quantification in plants using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 56:816-825. [PMID: 25340205 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Metabolite analysis or metabolomics is an important component of systems biology in the post-genomic era. Although separate liquid chromatography (LC) methods for quantification of the major classes of polar metabolites of plants have been available for decades, a single method that enables simultaneous determination of hundreds of polar metabolites is possible only with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) techniques. The rapid expansion of new LC stationary phases in the market and the ready access of mass spectrometry in many laboratories provides an excellent opportunity for developing LC–MS based methods for multi-target quantification of polar metabolites. Although various LC–MS methods have been developed over the last 10 years with the aim to quantify one or more classes of polar compounds in different matrices, currently there is no consensus LC–MS method that is widely used in plant metabolomics studies. The most promising methods applicable to plant metabolite analysis will be reviewed in this paper and the major problems encountered highlighted. The aim of this review is to provide plant scientists, with limited to moderate experience in analytical chemistry, with up-to-date and simplified information regarding the current status of polar metabolite analysis using LC–MS techniques.
Collapse
|
33
|
Michopoulos F, Whalley N, Theodoridis G, Wilson ID, Dunkley TP, Critchlow SE. Targeted profiling of polar intracellular metabolites using ion-pair-high performance liquid chromatography and -ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry: Applications to serum, urine and tissue extracts. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1349:60-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
34
|
|
35
|
Szoboszlai N, Guo X, Ozohanics O, Oláh J, Gömöry Á, Mihucz VG, Jeney A, Vékey K. Determination of energy metabolites in cancer cells by porous graphitic carbon liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the assessment of energy metabolism. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 819:108-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
36
|
Seralathan J, Stevenson P, Subramaniam S, Raghavan R, Pemaiah B, Sivasubramanian A, Veerappan A. Spectroscopy investigation on chemo-catalytic, free radical scavenging and bactericidal properties of biogenic silver nanoparticles synthesized using Salicornia brachiata aqueous extract. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 118:349-355. [PMID: 24056313 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.08.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanosized silver have been widely used in many applications, such as catalysis, photonics, sensors, medicine etc. Thus, there is an increasing need to develop high-yield, low cost, non-toxic and eco-friendly procedures for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Herein, we report an efficient, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles utilizing the aqueous extract of Salicornia brachiata, a tropical plant of the Chenopodiaceae family. Silver nanoparticles have been characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The morphology of the particles formed consists of highly diversified shapes like spherical, rod-like, prism, triangular, pentagonal and hexagonal pattern. However, addition of sodium hydroxide to the extract produces mostly spherical particles. The stable nanoparticles obtained using this green method show remarkable catalytic activity in the reduction of 4-nitro phenol to 4-amino phenol. The reduction catalyzed by silver nanoparticles followed the first-order kinetics, with a rate constant of, 0.6×10(-2) s(-1). The bactericidal activity of the synthesized silver nanoparticles against the pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus E, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, was also explored using REMA. The obtained results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration required to induce bactericidal effect is lower than the control antibiotic, ciprofloxacin. In addition to these, the biogenic synthesized nanoparticles also exhibited excellent free radical scavenging activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janani Seralathan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Siegel D, Permentier H, Reijngoud DJ, Bischoff R. Chemical and technical challenges in the analysis of central carbon metabolites by liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 966:21-33. [PMID: 24326023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This review deals with chemical and technical challenges in the analysis of small-molecule metabolites involved in central carbon and energy metabolism via liquid-chromatography mass-spectrometry (LC-MS). The covered analytes belong to the prominent pathways in biochemical carbon oxidation such as glycolysis or the tricarboxylic acid cycle and, for the most part, share unfavorable properties such as a high polarity, chemical instability or metal-affinity. The topic is introduced by selected examples on successful applications of metabolomics in the clinic. In the core part of the paper, the structural features of important analyte classes such as nucleotides, coenzyme A thioesters or carboxylic acids are linked to "problematic hotspots" along the analytical chain (sample preparation and-storage, separation and detection). We discuss these hotspots from a chemical point of view, covering issues such as analyte degradation or interactions with metals and other matrix components. Based on this understanding we propose solutions wherever available. A major notion derived from these considerations is that comprehensive carbon metabolomics inevitably requires multiple, complementary analytical approaches covering different chemical classes of metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Siegel
- University of Groningen, Department of Pharmacy, Analytical Biochemistry, Antonius-Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hjalmar Permentier
- University of Groningen, Department of Pharmacy, Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Antonius-Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Reijngoud
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Bischoff
- University of Groningen, Department of Pharmacy, Analytical Biochemistry, Antonius-Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Huang JH, Bakx EJ, Gruppen H, Schols HA. Characterisation of 3-aminoquinoline-derivatised isomeric oligogalacturonic acid by travelling-wave ion mobility mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:2279-85. [PMID: 24019194 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mass spectrometry has become a useful technique for elucidating the chemical structures of oligosaccharides. The combined use of chromatography and mass spectrometry for the separation and identification of oligosaccharides has shown much progress in recent years. However, no powerful method has yet been developed to quickly identify isomeric oligosaccharides in complex mixtures. METHODS A rapid travelling-wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (TWIMS-MS) method was developed for the identification of various isomeric oligogalacturonic acids in mixtures and determined their structures, using 3-aminoquinoline (3-AQ) as a labelling agent. RESULTS TWIMS successfully distinguished isomeric oligogalacturonic acids of various degrees of polymerisation (DPs) and levels of methyl-esterification. After derivatisation by 3-AQ, isomeric oligosaccharides of galacturonic acid, with the DP ranging from 2 to 9 and the number of methyl esters ranging from 1 to 5, were identified by 3-AQ-TWIMS-MS. The isomeric oligosaccharides with varying sites of methyl ester substitution were identified by the post-fragmentation mode of TWIMS using 3-AQ labelling to obtain simplified mass spectra. CONCLUSIONS Using the 3-AQ-TWIMS-MS method, the precise distribution of methyl esters within the pectin molecule and isomeric oligogalacturonic acids after enzyme degradation was determined. Simplified product ion mass spectra and precise analysis of the isomers were achieved by labelling 3-AQ at the reducing end of the oligosaccharides. Series of methyl-esterified galacturonic acid oligomers have predictable drift times, depending on the precise position of the methyl ester.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Hong Huang
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Revanna R, Turnbull MH, Shaw ML, Wright KM, Butler RC, Jameson PE, McCallum JA. Measurement of the distribution of non-structural carbohydrate composition in onion populations by a high-throughput microplate enzymatic assay. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:2470-2477. [PMID: 23494930 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-structural carbohydrate (NSC; glucose, fructose, sucrose and fructan) composition of onions (Allium cepa L.) varies widely and is a key determinant of market usage. To analyse the physiology and genetics of onion carbohydrate metabolism and to enable selective breeding, an inexpensive, reliable and practicable sugar assay is required to phenotype large numbers of samples. RESULTS A rapid, reliable and cost-effective microplate-based assay was developed for NSC analysis in onions and used to characterise variation in tissue hexose, sucrose and fructan content in open-pollinated breeding populations and in mapping populations developed from a wide onion cross. Sucrose measured in microplates employing maltase as a hydrolytic enzyme was in agreement with HPLC-PAD results. The method revealed significant variation in bulb fructan content within open-pollinated 'Pukekohe Longkeeper' breeding populations over a threefold range. Very wide segregation from 80 to 600 g kg(-1) in fructan content was observed in bulbs of F2 genetic mapping populations from the wide onion cross 'Nasik Red × CUDH2150'. CONCLUSION The microplate enzymatic assay is a reliable and practicable method for onion sugar analysis for genetics, breeding and food technology. Open-pollinated onion populations may harbour extensive within-population variability in carbohydrate content, which may be quantified and exploited using this method. The phenotypic data obtained from genetic mapping populations show that the method is well suited to detailed genetic and physiological analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roopashree Revanna
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Vismeh R, Humpula JF, Chundawat SP, Balan V, Dale BE, Jones AD. Profiling of soluble neutral oligosaccharides from treated biomass using solid phase extraction and LC–TOF MS. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 94:791-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
41
|
Tian M, Row KH. Separation of Glucose and Bioethanol in Biomass with Current Methods and Sorbents. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 51:819-24. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
42
|
Watson DG. A rough guide to metabolite identification using high resolution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry in metabolomic profiling in metazoans. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2013; 4:e201301005. [PMID: 24688687 PMCID: PMC3962115 DOI: 10.5936/csbj.201301005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Compound identification in mass spectrometry based metabolomics can be a problem but sometimes the problem seems to be presented in an over complicated way. The current review focuses on metazoans where the range of metabolites is more restricted than for example in plants. The focus is on liquid chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometry where it is proposed that most of the problems in compound identification relate to structural isomers rather than to isobaric compounds. Thus many of the problems faced relate to separation of isomers, which is usually required even if fragmentation is used to support structural identification. Many papers report the use of MS/MS or MS2 as an adjunct to the identification of known metabolites but there a few examples in metabolomics studies of metazoans of complete structure elucidation of novel metabolites or metabolites where no authentic standards are available for comparison.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David G Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 161, Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Quantification of total hexose on dry blood spot by tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Biochem 2012; 45:1673-7. [PMID: 22975641 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia are harmful and not always associated with overt clinical signs, it is necessary to have methods available to screen for glucose levels to detect hypoglycemia and diabetes as early as possible. A new method for such screening and the clinical determination of blood total hexose on a dry blood spot (DBS) using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was developed. METHODS The serum glucose controls and blood were prepared as DBS and then extracted into a methanol solution containing isotope-labeled internal standards. The methanolic extraction was subjected to HPLC, followed by MS/MS in positive ion mode. Multiple-reaction monitoring of m/z 203.1→23 was used to detect hexose, and m/z 209.0→23 was used for 13C6-D-glucose. RESULTS The recoveries of blood glucose by MS/MS were 90%-102% with an R(2) value of 0.999 after linear regression (p<0.001). The controls were within an acceptable range, and the coefficients of variation were less than 10%. The blood total hexose in neonates aged 3-7 days (6.41±1.46 mmol/L) was lower than that in neonates aged 8-30 days (6.66±1.38 mmol/L), and it was lower in neonates than in children aged 1-72 months (7.19±1.87 mmol/L). CONCLUSION Quantification of total hexose on a dry blood spot by MS/MS is accurate, reliable and feasible for screening and clinical tests.
Collapse
|
44
|
Bínová E, Klieščiková J, Ashford DA, Thomas-Oates J, Nohýnková E. Mannitol is not involved in protective reactions of Acanthamoeba. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2012; 184:118-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
45
|
Chen Y, Liu Q, Yong S, Lee TK. High accuracy analysis of glucose in human serum by isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 413:808-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
46
|
Sun F, Suen PK, Zhang Y, Liang C, Carrie C, Whelan J, Ward JL, Hawkins ND, Jiang L, Lim BL. A dual-targeted purple acid phosphatase in Arabidopsis thaliana moderates carbon metabolism and its overexpression leads to faster plant growth and higher seed yield. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 194:206-219. [PMID: 22269069 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.04026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
• Overexpression of AtPAP2, a purple acid phosphatase (PAP) with a unique C-terminal hydrophobic motif in Arabidopsis, resulted in earlier bolting and a higher seed yield. Metabolite analysis showed that the shoots of AtPAP2 overexpression lines contained higher levels of sugars and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) metabolites. Enzyme assays showed that sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity was significantly upregulated in the overexpression lines. The higher SPS activity arose from a higher level of SPS protein, and was independent of SnRK1. • AtPAP2 was found to be targeted to both plastids and mitochondria via its C-terminal hydrophobic motif. Ectopic expression of a truncated AtPAP2 without this C-terminal motif in Arabidopsis indicated that the subcellular localization of AtPAP2 is essential for its biological actions. • Plant PAPs are generally considered to mediate phosphorus acquisition and redistribution. AtPAP2 is the first PAP shown to modulate carbon metabolism and the first shown to be dual-targeted to both plastids and mitochondria by a C-terminal targeting signal. • One PAP-like sequence carrying a hydrophobic C-terminal motif could be identified in the genome of the smallest free-living photosynthetic eukaryote, Ostreococcus tauri. This might reflect a common ancestral function of AtPAP2-like sequences in the regulation of carbon metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pui Kit Suen
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chao Liang
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chris Carrie
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - James Whelan
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jane L Ward
- National Centre for Plant and Microbial Metabolomics, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Nathaniel D Hawkins
- National Centre for Plant and Microbial Metabolomics, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Boon Leong Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Veley KM, Marshburn S, Clure CE, Haswell ES. Mechanosensitive channels protect plastids from hypoosmotic stress during normal plant growth. Curr Biol 2012; 22:408-13. [PMID: 22326022 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Cellular response to osmotic stress is critical for survival and involves volume control through the regulated transport of osmolytes. Organelles may respond similarly to abrupt changes in cytoplasmic osmolarity. The plastids of the Arabidopsis thaliana leaf epidermis provide a model system for the study of organellar response to osmotic stress within the context of the cell. An Arabidopsis mutant lacking two plastid-localized homologs of the bacteria mechanosensitive channel MscS (MscS-like [MSL] 2 and 3) exhibits large round epidermal plastids that lack dynamic extensions known as stromules. This phenotype is present under normal growth conditions and does not require exposure to extracellular osmotic stress. Here we show that increasing cytoplasmic osmolarity through a genetic lesion known to produce elevated levels of soluble sugars, exogenously providing osmolytes in the growth media, or withholding water rescues the msl2-1 msl3-1 leaf epidermal plastid phenotype, producing plastids that resemble the wild-type in shape and size. Furthermore, the epidermal plastids in msl2-1 msl3-1 leaves undergo rapid and reversible volume and shape changes in response to extracellular hypertonic or hypotonic challenges. We conclude that plastids are under hypoosmotic stress during normal plant growth and dynamic response to this stress requires MSL2 and MSL3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kira M Veley
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1137, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Raessler M. Sample preparation and current applications of liquid chromatography for the determination of non-structural carbohydrates in plants. Trends Analyt Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
49
|
Leijdekkers A, Sanders M, Schols H, Gruppen H. Characterizing plant cell wall derived oligosaccharides using hydrophilic interaction chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:9227-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
50
|
Zhu A, Romero R, Petty HR. An enzymatic colorimetric assay for glucose-6-phosphate. Anal Biochem 2011; 419:266-70. [PMID: 21925475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A specific colorimetric assay for the determination of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) was developed. This assay is based on the oxidation of G6P in the presence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP(+)); the NADPH thereby generated reduces the tetrazolium salt WST-1 [2-(4-indophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H tetrazolium, monosodium salt] to water-soluble yellow-colored formazan with 1-methoxy-5-methylphenazium methylsulfate (1-mPMS) as an electron carrier. The assay is optimized for reaction buffer pH, enzyme/dye concentration, and reaction time course. The limit of detection of the assay is 0.15 μM (15 pmol/well). The usefulness of the assay is demonstrated by the accurate measurement of the G6P concentration in fetal bovine serum (FBS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|