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Chen Y, Li Y, Wang W, Jiang L, Yin S, Guo Z, Wu W, Wang C, Lu S, Wang F, Chen X. A fluorescent NBD "turn-on" probe for the rapid and on-site analysis of fructose in food. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 320:124612. [PMID: 38857548 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
High fructose intake is an important cause of metabolic disease. Due to the increasing prevalence of metabolic diseases worldwide, the development of an accurate and efficient tool for monitoring fructose in food is urgently needed to control the intake of fructose. Herein, a new fluorescent probe NBD-PQ-B with 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazole (NBD) as the fluorophore, piperazine (PQ) as the bridging group and phenylboronic acid (B) as the recognition receptor, was synthesized to detect fructose. The fluorescence of NBD-PQ-B increased linearly at 550 nm at an excitation wavelength of 497 nm with increasing fructose concentration from 0.1 to 20 mM. The limit of detection (LOD) of fructose was 40 μM. The pKa values of NBD-PQ-B and its fructose complexes were 4.1 and 10.0, respectively. In addition, NBD-PQ-B bound to fructose in a few seconds. The present technique was applied to determine the fructose content in beverages, honey, and watermelon with satisfactory results. Finally, the system could not only be applied in an aqueous solution with a spectrophotometer, but also be fabricated as a NBD-PQ-B/polyvinyl oxide (PEO) film by electrospinning for on-site food analysis simply with the assistance of a smartphone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yajing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Shaojie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ziwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wenyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chongqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Sheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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2
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Lodge M, Dykes R, Kennedy A. Regulation of Fructose Metabolism in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:845. [PMID: 39062559 PMCID: PMC11274671 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevations in fructose consumption have been reported to contribute significantly to an increased incidence of obesity and metabolic diseases in industrial countries. Mechanistically, a high fructose intake leads to the dysregulation of glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol metabolism in the liver, and causes elevations in inflammation and drives the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A high fructose consumption is considered to be toxic to the body, and there are ongoing measures to develop pharmaceutical therapies targeting fructose metabolism. Although a large amount of work has summarized the effects fructose exposure within the intestine, liver, and kidney, there remains a gap in our knowledge regarding how fructose both indirectly and directly influences immune cell recruitment, activation, and function in metabolic tissues, which are essential to tissue and systemic inflammation. The most recent literature demonstrates that direct fructose exposure regulates oxidative metabolism in macrophages, leading to inflammation. The present review highlights (1) the mechanisms by which fructose metabolism impacts crosstalk between tissues, nonparenchymal cells, microbes, and immune cells; (2) the direct impact of fructose on immune cell metabolism and function; and (3) therapeutic targets of fructose metabolism to treat NAFLD. In addition, the review highlights how fructose disrupts liver tissue homeostasis and identifies new therapeutic targets for treating NAFLD and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arion Kennedy
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, 128 Polk Hall Campus, Box 7622, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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3
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Cook NE, McGovern MR, Zaman T, Lundin PM, Vaughan RA. Fructose Reduces Mitochondrial Metabolism and Increases Extracellular BCAA during Insulin Resistance in C2C12 Myotubes. Nutrients 2024; 16:1582. [PMID: 38892515 PMCID: PMC11174010 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Fructose is a commonly consumed monosaccharide implicated in developing several metabolic diseases. Previously, elevated branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) have been correlated with the severity of insulin resistance. Most recently, the effect of fructose consumption on the downregulation of BCAA catabolic enzymes was observed. Thus, this mechanistic study investigated the effects of physiologically attainable levels of fructose, both with and without concurrent insulin resistance, in a myotube model of skeletal muscle. METHODS C2C12 mouse myoblasts were treated with fructose at a concentration of 100 µM (which approximates physiologically attainable concentrations in peripheral circulation) both with and without hyperinsulinemic-mediated insulin resistance. Gene expression was assessed by qRT-PCR, and protein expression was assessed by Western blot. Oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate were used to assess mitochondrial oxidative and glycolytic metabolism, respectively. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was utilized to analyze leucine, isoleucine and valine concentration values. RESULTS Fructose significantly reduced peak glycolytic and peak mitochondrial metabolism without altering related gene or protein expression. Similarly, no effect of fructose on BCAA catabolic enzymes was observed; however, fructose treatment resulted in elevated total extracellular BCAA in insulin-resistant cells. DISCUSSION Collectively, these observations demonstrate that fructose at physiologically attainable levels does not appear to alter insulin sensitivity or BCAA catabolic potential in cultured myotubes. However, fructose may depress peak cell metabolism and BCAA utilization during insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah E. Cook
- Department of Health and Human Performance, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC 27268, USA; (N.E.C.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Macey R. McGovern
- Department of Health and Human Performance, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC 27268, USA; (N.E.C.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Toheed Zaman
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, NC 27268, USA; (T.Z.); (P.M.L.)
| | - Pamela M. Lundin
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, NC 27268, USA; (T.Z.); (P.M.L.)
| | - Roger A. Vaughan
- Department of Health and Human Performance, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC 27268, USA; (N.E.C.); (M.R.M.)
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4
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Ali MY, Abdulrahman HB, Ting WT, Howlader MMR. Green synthesized gold nanoparticles and CuO-based nonenzymatic sensor for saliva glucose monitoring. RSC Adv 2024; 14:577-588. [PMID: 38173614 PMCID: PMC10758929 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05644a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucose, essential for brain and muscle functions, requires careful monitoring in diabetes and other chronic disease management. While blood glucose monitoring provides precise information about these diseases, it remains an invasive method. Saliva glucose monitoring could offer an alternative approach, but the glucose concentration in saliva is very low. In this work, we report a simple, low-cost, highly sensitive nonenzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor. We developed this sensor using green synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and wet chemical synthesized copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles on a screen-printed carbon electrode (Au/CuO/SPCE). The sensor's high sensitivity results from dual amplification strategies using AuNPs and CuO nanomaterials, each demonstrating catalytic activity towards glucose. This shows promising potential for saliva glucose monitoring. The AuNPs were synthesized using an Au precursor and orange peel extract (OPE), yielding stable colloidal AuNPs with a mean diameter of about 37 nm, thus eliminating the need for additional capping agents. Under optimal conditions, amperometric tests revealed that the sensor responded linearly to glucose concentrations ranging from 2 μM to 397 μM with a sensitivity of 236.70 μA mM-1 cm-2. Furthermore, the sensor demonstrated excellent reproducibility, stability and high selectivity for glucose in the presence of different biomolecules. We validated the sensor's efficacy by measuring glucose in human saliva, showing its potential for noninvasive glucose monitoring. This research advances the development of point-of-care devices, positioning the sensor as a promising tool for noninvasive glucose monitoring and improved diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Younus Ali
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Heman B Abdulrahman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Wei-Ting Ting
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Matiar M R Howlader
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton ON L8S 4K1 Canada
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Jara Fornerod M, Alvarez-Fernandez A, Michalska M, Papakonstantinou I, Guldin S. Glucose Oxidase Loading in Ordered Porous Aluminosilicates: Exploring the Potential of Surface Modification for Electrochemical Glucose Sensing. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 35:7577-7587. [PMID: 37780408 PMCID: PMC10536975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c01202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic electrochemical sensors have become the leading glucose detection technology due to their rapid response, affordability, portability, selectivity, and sensitivity. However, the performance of these sensors is highly dependent on the surface properties of the electrode material used to store glucose oxidase and its ability to retain enzymatic activity under variable environmental conditions. Mesoporous thin films have recently attracted considerable attention as promising candidates for enzyme storage and activity preservation due to their well-defined nanoarchitecture and tunable surface properties. Herein, we systematically compare pathways for the immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) and their effectiveness in electrochemical glucose sensing, following modification protocols that lead to the electrostatic attraction (amino functionalization), covalent bonding (aldehyde functionalization), and electrostatic repulsion (oxygen plasma treatment) of the ordered porous aluminosilicate-coated electrodes. By direct comparison using a quartz crystal microbalance, we demonstrate that glucose oxidase can be loaded in a nanoarchitecture with a pore size of ∼50 nm and pore interconnections of ∼35 nm using the native aluminosilicate surface, as well as after amino or aldehyde surface modification, while oxygen plasma exposure of the native surface inhibits glucose oxidase loading. Despite a variety of routes for enzyme loading, quantitative electrochemical glucose sensing between 0 and 20 mM was only possible when the porous surface was functionalized with amino groups, which we relate to the role of surface chemistry in accessing the underlying substrate. Our results highlight the impact of rational surface modification on electrochemical biosensing performance and demonstrate the potential of tailoring porous nanoarchitecture surfaces for biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Alvarez-Fernandez
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College
London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Martyna Michalska
- Department
of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Ioannis Papakonstantinou
- Department
of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Stefan Guldin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College
London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
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6
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Sisakhtnezhad S, Rahimi M, Mohammadi S. Biomedical applications of MnO 2 nanomaterials as nanozyme-based theranostics. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114833. [PMID: 37150035 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanoenzymes/nanozymes (MnO2-NEs) are 1-100 nm nanomaterials that mimic catalytic, oxidative, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities. The oxidative-like activity of MnO2-NEs makes them suitable for developing effective and low-cost colorimetric detection assays of biomolecules. Interestingly, MnO2-NEs also demonstrate scavenging properties against reactive oxygen species (ROS) in various pathological conditions. In addition, due to the decomposition of MnO2-NEs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the production of Mn2+, they can act as a contrast agent for improving clinical imaging diagnostics. MnO2-NEs also can use as an in situ oxygen production system in TME, thereby overcoming hypoxic conditions and their consequences in the progression of cancer. Furthermore, MnO2-NEs as a shell and coating make the nanosystems smart and, therefore, in combination with other nanomaterials, the MnO2-NEs can be used as an intelligent nanocarrier for delivering drugs, photosensitizers, and sonosensitizers in vivo. Moreover, these capabilities make MnO2-NEs a promising candidate for the detection and treatment of different human diseases such as cancer, metabolic, infectious, and inflammatory pathological conditions. MnO2-NEs also have ROS-scavenging and anti-bacterial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, which make them suitable for wound healing applications. Given the importance of nanomaterials and their potential applications in biomedicine, this review aimed to discuss the biochemical properties and the theranostic roles of MnO2-NEs and recent advances in their use in colorimetric detection assays of biomolecules, diagnostic imaging, drug delivery, and combinatorial therapy applications. Finally, the challenges of MnO2-NEs applications in biomedicine will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matin Rahimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Soheila Mohammadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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7
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Wasfi A, Awwad S, Hussein M, Awwad F. Sugar Molecules Detection via C 2N Transistor-Based Sensor: First Principles Modeling. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:700. [PMID: 36839068 PMCID: PMC9967288 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Real-time detection of sugar molecules is critical for preventing and monitoring diabetes and for food quality evaluation. In this article, a field effect transistor (FET) based on two-dimensional nitrogenated holey graphene (C2N) was designed, developed, and tested to identify the sugar molecules including xylose, fructose, and glucose. Both density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function (DFT + NEGF) were used to study the designed device. Several electronic characteristics were studied, including work function, density of states, electrical current, and transmission spectrum. The proposed sensor is made of a pair of gold electrodes joint through a channel of C2N and a gate was placed underneath the channel. The C2N monolayer distinctive characteristics are promising for glucose sensors to detect blood sugar and for sugar molecules sensors to evaluate food quality. The electronic transport characteristics of the sensor resulted in a unique signature for each of the sugar molecules. This proposed work suggests that the developed C2N transistor-based sensor could detect sugar molecules with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Wasfi
- Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sarah Awwad
- Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mousa Hussein
- Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Falah Awwad
- Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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8
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Ashrafi M, Salimi A. Dandelion-like CoOx nanostructures decorated with CdS nanoparticles toward the photoelectrocatalytic enzymeless glucose oxidation and detection. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-022-02728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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9
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Silva-Galindo G, Zapata-Torres M. Synthesis and Characterization of TiO 2 Thick Films for Glucose Sensing. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:973. [PMID: 36354482 PMCID: PMC9687897 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the results of a non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose biosensor based on TiO2. An anatase working electrode was synthesized using the spin coating technique with the polymeric precursor method and dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles. Through scanning electron microscopy, it was observed that the electrode presented an irregular surface with clusters of nanoparticles. Electrochemical characterization indicated that the response was directly related to the morphology of the electrode. In the presence of glucose, the electrode exhibited adsorption behavior toward the molecules, enabling their recognition. The electrode was tested by employing PBS (phosphate buffer solutions) with varying pH values (from 4 to 9), demonstrating its electrochemical stability, even in the presence of glucose. Amperometric characterization was used to determine that the working region appeared from 0.2 mM to 2 mM, with a sensitivity of 4.46 μAcm-2mM-1 in PBS pH 7. The obtained results suggest that TiO2-based electrodes could be used for the detection of glucose concentration in sweat (0.277-1 mM) and saliva (0.23-1.77 mM).
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10
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Chen LF, Lin MT, Noreldeen HA, Peng HP, Deng HH, He SB, Chen W. Fructose oxidase-like activity of CuO nanoparticles supported by phosphate for a tandem catalysis-based fructose sensor. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1220:340064. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Xie J, Shi S, Liu Y, Wang S, Rajput SA, Song T. Fructose metabolism and its role in pig production: A mini-review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:922051. [PMID: 35967778 PMCID: PMC9373593 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.922051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that excessive intake of fructose is largely responsible for the increasing incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver, obesity, and diabetes. However, depending on the amount of fructose consumption from diet, the metabolic role of fructose is controversial. Recently, there have been increasing studies reporting that diets low in fructose expand the surface area of the gut and increase nutrient absorption in mouse model, which is widely used in fructose-related studies. However, excessive fructose consumption spills over from the small intestine into the liver for steatosis and increases the risk of colon cancer. Therefore, suitable animal models may be needed to study fructose-induced metabolic changes. Along with its use in global meat production, pig is well-known as a biomedical model with an advantage over murine and other animal models as it has similar nutrition and metabolism to human in anatomical and physiological aspects. Here, we review the characteristics and metabolism of fructose and summarize observations of fructose in pig reproduction, growth, and development as well as acting as a human biomedical model. This review highlights fructose metabolism from the intestine to the blood cycle and presents the critical role of fructose in pig, which could provide new strategies for curbing human metabolic diseases and promoting pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Xie
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyi Shi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoshuai Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shahid Ali Rajput
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Tongxing Song
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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12
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Kurzyna-Szklarek M, Cybulska J, Zdunek A. Analysis of the chemical composition of natural carbohydrates - An overview of methods. Food Chem 2022; 394:133466. [PMID: 35716502 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural carbohydrates are gaining importance over a wide spectrum of human activity due to their versatile functionalities. The properties of carbohydrates are currently used in many branches of industry and new possibilities of their utilization, like in medicine or materials science, are demonstrated systematically. The attractive properties of carbohydrates result from their chemical structure and ability to form macromolecules and derivatives. Each application of carbohydrate requires a knowledge of their chemical composition, which due to the number and differentiation of monosaccharides and their spatial forms is often challenging. This review presents an overview on sample preparation and the methods used for the determination of the fine chemical structure of natural carbohydrates. Most popular and reliable colorimetric, chromatographic and spectroscopic methods are presented with an emphasis on their pros and cons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justyna Cybulska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Artur Zdunek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
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13
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Quantification of Glucose, fructose and 1,5-Anhydroglucitol in plasma of diabetic patients by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1200:123277. [PMID: 35533424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a worldwide disease that affects the quality of human life and social development. Glucose, fructose and 1,5-anhydroglucitol are closely related to diabetes mellitus. However, few methods have been reported to achieve these three carbohydrates in the blood simultaneously. In this study, a UPLC-MS/MS method allowing to quantify glucose, fructose, and 1,5-anhydroglucitol simultaneously in human plasma was developed. The analysis was performed by UPLC-MS/MS system with HILIC column. This new method provided satisfactory results in terms of calibration curves with good linearity (R2 > 0.99) over 3 order of magnitude range, precision (coefficient of variation of intra-day and inter-day: 0.72-10.23% and 2.21-13.8%), accuracy (results of intra-day and inter-day: 97-113%, 100-107%), matrix effects (87-109%), recovery (93-119%), carry-over (0.004-0.014%), as well as stability (0.04-6.9%) within the acceptance criteria. The reproducible, precise and accurate method with suitable dynamic ranges was successfully applied to the analysis of glucose, fructose and 1,5-anhydroglucitol in T2DM under different pathophysiological conditions.
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14
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Liu K, Wang X, Luo B, Wang C, Hou P, Dong H, Li A, Zhao C. Enzyme-Free Electrochemical Sensors for in situ Quantification of Reducing Sugars Based on Carboxylated Graphene-Carboxylated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes-Gold Nanoparticle-Modified Electrode. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:872190. [PMID: 35574138 PMCID: PMC9098227 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.872190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The reducing sugars of plants, including glucose, fructose, arabinose, galactose, xylose, and mannose, are not only the energy source of plants, but also have the messenger function of hormones in signal transduction. Moreover, they also determine the quality and flavor of agricultural products. Therefore, the in situ quantification of reducing sugars in plants or agriculture products is very important in precision agriculture. However, the upper detection limit of the currently developed sugar sensor is not high enough for in situ detection. In this study, an enzyme-free electrochemical sensor for in situ detection of reducing sugars was developed. Three-dimensional composite materials based on carboxylated graphene-carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes attaching with gold nanoparticles (COOH-GR-COOH-MWNT-AuNPs) were formed and applied for the non-enzymatic determination of glucose, fructose, arabinose, mannose, xylose, and galactose. It was demonstrated that the COOH-GR-COOH-MWNT-AuNP-modified electrode exhibited a good catalysis behavior to these reducing sugars due to the synergistic effect of the COOH-GR, COOH-MWNT, and AuNPs. The detection range of the sensor for glucose, fructose, arabinose, mannose, xylose, and galactose is 5-80, 2-20, 2-50, 5-60, 2-40, and 5-40 mM, respectively. To our knowledge, the upper detection limit of our enzyme-free sugar sensor is the highest compared to previous studies, which is more suitable for in situ detection of sugars in agricultural products and plants. In addition, this sensor is simple and portable, with good reproducibility and accuracy; it will have broad practical application value in precision agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Heyuan, China
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Heyuan, China
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Luo
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peichen Hou
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtu Dong
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aixue Li
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Heyuan, China
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunjiang Zhao
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Heyuan, China
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Lemieszek MK, Komaniecka I, Chojnacki M, Choma A, Rzeski W. Immunomodulatory Properties of Polysaccharide-Rich Young Green Barley ( Hordeum vulgare) Extract and Its Structural Characterization. Molecules 2022; 27:1742. [PMID: 35268844 PMCID: PMC8911554 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Young green barley (YGB) water extract has revealed a beneficial impact on natural killer (NK) cells' ability to recognize and eliminate human colon cancer cells, without any side effects for normal colon epithelial cells. The direct anticancer effect of the tested compounds has been also shown. The mixture of oligosaccharides found in this extract was characterized by chemical analyses and via FT-IR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF MS techniques. The YGB preparation contained 26.9% of proteins and 64.2% of sugars, mostly glucose (54.7%) and fructose (42.7%), with a small amount of mannose (2.6%) and galactose (less than 0.5%). Mass spectrometry analysis of YGB has shown that fructose oligomers contained from 3 to 19 sugar units. The number of fructans was estimated to be about 10.2% of the dry weight basis of YGB. The presented results suggest the beneficial effect of the consumption of preparations based on young barley on the human body, in the field of colon cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kinga Lemieszek
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.C.); (W.R.)
| | - Iwona Komaniecka
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (I.K.); (A.C.)
| | - Michał Chojnacki
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.C.); (W.R.)
| | - Adam Choma
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (I.K.); (A.C.)
| | - Wojciech Rzeski
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.C.); (W.R.)
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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16
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Wang TL, Li YC, Lin CS, Zou YP. Comprehensive analysis of natural polysaccharides from TCMs: a generic approach based on UPLC-MS/MS. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118877. [PMID: 34893280 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report a new application using liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS) using aldononitrile acetate derivatives for simultaneous baseline separation and detection of eight neutral saccharides, two uronic acids, one ketose, and eight alditols within 14 min. The separation was performed on a Cortecs C₁₈ column using acetonitrile (A) and water (B) as the mobile phase with gradient elution. The target components were detected in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode by mass spectrometry with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source operating in positive ionization mode. A comparison with traditional methods was used to determine the validity of the results. The UHPLC-ESI-MS method was used for quantitative analysis of free carbohydrates in water extracts of Crataegus pinnatifida as well as determination of Polygonatum cyrtonema and Glossy ganoderma monosaccharides in polysaccharides. The results demonstrate that this protocol is a comprehensive and effective technique for qualitative and quantitative analysis of plant polysaccharides from TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Long Wang
- Guangdong-Macau Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Industrial Park Development Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519000, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, 201210, China
| | - Yi-Cong Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Active Ingredients of Natural Drugs, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China
| | - Chun-Sheng Lin
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 150001, China
| | - Yi-Ping Zou
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Active Ingredients of Natural Drugs, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China.
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17
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Price BE, Yoon JS, Choi MY, Lee JC. Effects of nonnutritional sugars on lipid and carbohydrate content, physiological uptake, and excretion in Drosophila suzukii. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 109:e21860. [PMID: 34865250 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The nonnutritive sugar, erythritol, has the potential to be a human-safe management tool for the small fruits and cherry pest, Drosophila suzukii, or spotted-wing drosophila. Feeding on erythritol decreases fly survival and oviposition by starving and creating an osmotic imbalance in the body. Recently, we demonstrated that erythritol combined with another nonnutritive sugar, sucralose, was fed upon more than erythritol alone and hastens D. suzukii mortality. This suggests that sucralose is a suitable nonnutritive phagostimulant alternative to sucrose. Although promising, the nutritional and physiological impacts of sucralose on D. suzukii are unknown. In this study, we investigated whether sucralose is metabolized or excreted by D. suzukii when fed various erythritol, sucrose, and sucralose formulations. We found that sucralose cannot be metabolized or converted into any nutritional substitutes or storage carbohydrates in D. suzukii. Instead, sucralose molecules were largely accumulated in the hemolymph and slowly excreted from the body, creating a significant osmotic imbalance in D. suzukii. To excrete unused sugars, flies will use their own body fluids to restore homeostasis, resulting in losing a substantial amount of body weight and becoming desiccated in the process. In summary, ingesting sucralose leads to starvation and hyperosmotic pressure in the body, causing a decrease in fitness. With confirmation of sucralose being non-metabolizable and phagostimulative to D. suzukii, the erythritol+sucralose formulation is a promising insecticide for growers to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana E Price
- Horticultural Crops Research Unit, USDA ARS, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - June-Sun Yoon
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Yeon Choi
- Horticultural Crops Research Unit, USDA ARS, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Jana C Lee
- Horticultural Crops Research Unit, USDA ARS, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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18
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Zhang X, Wei Y, Wu H, Yan H, Liu Y, Lučev Vasić Ž, Pan H, Cifrek M, Du M, Gao Y. Smartphone‐based electrochemical on‐site quantitative detection device for nonenzyme lactate detection. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Non-enzymatic glucose sensors based on Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene: A computational study. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2021.111388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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20
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Zhang MJ, Zhao JH, Tang YS, Meng FY, Gao SQ, Han S, Hou SY, Liu LY. Quantification of carbohydrates in human serum using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with the stable isotope-labeled internal standard method. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01243j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Comparison of two derivatization approaches (silylation and acylation) for carbohydrate separation based on optimizing reaction conditions by artificial neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jia Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Bionian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Hui Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Bionian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Shu Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Bionian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Fan-Yu Meng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Bionian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Si-Qi Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Bionian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Su Han
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Ying Hou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Bionian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Li-Yan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Bionian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, P. R. China
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21
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Qin L, Su G, Wu C, Zhou Q, Peng X, Hu L, Liu Y, Wang R, Xu Q, Fang Z, Lin Y, Xu S, Feng B, Li J, Wu D, Che L. Effects of Tremella fuciformis extract on growth performance, biochemical and immunological parameters of weaned piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/an20425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Shi YN, Liu YJ, Xie Z, Zhang WJ. Fructose and metabolic diseases: too much to be good. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 134:1276-1285. [PMID: 34010200 PMCID: PMC8183764 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Excessive consumption of fructose, the sweetest of all naturally occurring carbohydrates, has been linked to worldwide epidemics of metabolic diseases in humans, and it is considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. We provide an overview about the features of fructose metabolism, as well as potential mechanisms by which excessive fructose intake is associated with the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases both in humans and rodents. To accomplish this aim, we focus on illuminating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of fructose metabolism as well as its signaling effects on metabolic and cardiovascular homeostasis in health and disease, highlighting the role of carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein in regulating fructose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Ya-Jin Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Zhifang Xie
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Weiping J. Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin 300134, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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23
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Abstract
3D hierarchical graphitic carbon nanowalls encapsulating cobalt nanoparticles HPC-Co were prepared in high yield from solid-state pyrolysis of cobalt 2,2′-bipyridine chloride complex. Annealing of HPC-Co in air gave HPC-CoO, which consists of a mixture of crystallite Co3O4 nanospheres and nanorods bursting out of mesoporous carbon. Both nanocomposites were fully characterized using SEM, TEM, BET, and powder X-ray diffraction. The elemental composition of both nanocomposites examined using SEM elemental mapping and TEM elemental mapping supports the successful doping of nitrogen. The powder X-ray diffraction studies supported the formation of hexagonal cobalt in HPC-Co, and cubic crystalline Co3O4 with cubic cobalt in HPC-CoO. HPC-Co and HPC-CoO can be used as a modified carbon electrode in cyclic voltammetry experiments for the detection of fructose with limit of detection LOD 0.5 mM. However, the single-frequency impedimetric method has a wider dynamic range of 8.0–53.0 mM and a sensitivity of 24.87 Ω mM−1 for the electrode modified with HPC-Co and 8.0–87.6 mM and a sensitivity of 1.988 Ω mM−1 for the electrode modified with HPC-CoO. The LOD values are 3 and 4 mM, respectively. The effect of interference increases in the following order: ascorbic acid, ethanol, urea, and glucose. A simple method was used with negligible interference from glucose to measure the percentage of fructose in a corn syrup sample with an HPC-CoO electrode. A specific capacitance of 47.0 F/g with 76.6% retentivity was achieved for HPC-Co and 28.2 F/g with 87.9% for HPC-CoO for 3000 charge–discharge cycles. Thus, (1) has better sensitivity and specific capacitance than (2), because (1) has a higher surface area and less agglomerated cobalt nanoparticles than (2).
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24
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Tini G, Varma V, Lombardo R, Nolen GT, Lefebvre G, Descombes P, Métairon S, Priami C, Kaput J, Scott-Boyer MP. DNA methylation during human adipogenesis and the impact of fructose. GENES AND NUTRITION 2020; 15:21. [PMID: 33243154 PMCID: PMC7691080 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-020-00680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased adipogenesis and altered adipocyte function contribute to the development of obesity and associated comorbidities. Fructose modified adipocyte metabolism compared to glucose, but the regulatory mechanisms and consequences for obesity are unknown. Genome-wide methylation and global transcriptomics in SGBS pre-adipocytes exposed to 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mM fructose, added to a 5-mM glucose-containing medium, were analyzed at 0, 24, 48, 96, 192, and 384 h following the induction of adipogenesis. RESULTS Time-dependent changes in DNA methylation compared to baseline (0 h) occurred during the final maturation of adipocytes, between 192 and 384 h. Larger percentages (0.1% at 192 h, 3.2% at 384 h) of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were found in adipocytes differentiated in the glucose-containing control media compared to adipocytes differentiated in fructose-supplemented media (0.0006% for 10 mM, 0.001% for 5 mM, and 0.005% for 2.5 mM at 384 h). A total of 1437 DMRs were identified in 5237 differentially expressed genes at 384 h post-induction in glucose-containing (5 mM) control media. The majority of them inversely correlated with the gene expression, but 666 regions were positively correlated to the gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Our studies demonstrate that DNA methylation regulates or marks the transformation of morphologically differentiating adipocytes (seen at 192 h), to the more mature and metabolically robust adipocytes (as seen at 384 h) in a genome-wide manner. Lower (2.5 mM) concentrations of fructose have the most robust effects on methylation compared to higher concentrations (5 and 10 mM), suggesting that fructose may be playing a signaling/regulatory role at lower concentrations of fructose and as a substrate at higher concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Tini
- The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, Piazza Manifattura 1, 38068, Rovereto, Italy.,Department of Mathematics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38050, Povo, Italy.,Present address: Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCSS, Milan, Italy
| | - Vijayalakshmi Varma
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.,Present Address: Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism Division of MedImmune, Astrazeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Rosario Lombardo
- The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, Piazza Manifattura 1, 38068, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Greg T Nolen
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | | | | | | | - Corrado Priami
- The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, Piazza Manifattura 1, 38068, Rovereto, Italy.,Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jim Kaput
- Nestlé Institute of Health Science, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Present Addresses: Vydiant Inc., Folsom, CA, 95630, USA
| | - Marie-Pier Scott-Boyer
- The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, Piazza Manifattura 1, 38068, Rovereto, Italy. .,Present Address: CRCHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada.
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25
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Buziau AM, Scheijen JLJM, Stehouwer CDA, Simons N, Brouwers MCGJ, Schalkwijk CG. Development and validation of a UPLC-MS/MS method to quantify fructose in serum and urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1155:122299. [PMID: 32829143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of the involvement of fructose in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disease requires accurate and precise measurements of serum and urinary fructose. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate such a method by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). METHODS Fructose was quantified using hydrophilic interaction UPLC-MS/MS with a labelled internal standard. Serum fructose levels were determined in healthy individuals (n = 3) after a 15-gram oral fructose load. Twenty-four hours urinary fructose levels were determined in individuals consuming low (median: 1.4 g/day, interquartile range [IQR]: 0.9-2.0; n = 10), normal (31 g/day, 23-49; n = 15) and high (70 g/day, 55-84; n = 16) amounts of fructose. RESULTS The calibration curves showed perfect linearity in water, artificial, serum, and urine matrices (r2 > 0.99). Intra- and inter-day assay variation of serum and urinary fructose ranged from 0.3 to 5.1% with an accuracy of ~98%. Fasting serum fructose levels (5.7 ± 0.6 µmol/L) increased 60 min after a 15-gram oral fructose load (to 150.3 ± 41.7 µmol/L) and returned to normal after 180 min (8.4 ± 0.6 µmol/L). Twenty-four hours urinary fructose levels were significantly lower in low fructose consumers when compared to normal and high fructose consumers (median: 36.1 µmol/24 h, IQR: 26.4-64.2; 142.3 µmol/24 h, 98.8-203.0; and 238.9 µmol/24 h, 127.1-366.1; p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION Fructose concentrations can be measured accurately and precisely with this newly-developed UPLC-MS/MS method. Its robustness makes it suitable for assessing the value of fructose in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amée M Buziau
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jean L J M Scheijen
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nynke Simons
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn C G J Brouwers
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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26
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Chen Y, Lin H, Qin L, Lu Y, Zhao L, Xia M, Jiang J, Li X, Yu C, Zong G, Zheng Y, Gao X, Su Q, Li X. Fasting Serum Fructose Levels Are Associated With Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Population. Diabetes Care 2020; 43:2217-2225. [PMID: 32611608 DOI: 10.2337/dc19-2494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the relationship between fasting serum fructose levels and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a prospective Chinese cohort. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Among 949 community-based participants aged ≥40 years without diabetes at baseline, fasting serum fructose levels were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The participants were followed up for the occurrence of diabetes. Cox regression models were performed to analyze the effect of fasting serum fructose levels on risk of incident diabetes. RESULTS During a median of 3.5 years' follow-up, 179 of 949 (18.9%) participants developed type 2 diabetes. Elevated fasting serum fructose levels were associated with an increased risk of incident diabetes in a dose-response manner. After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, lipid profiles, blood pressure, liver function, smoking and drinking status, baseline glucose level, and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, a 1-SD increased fasting fructose level was associated with a 35% (95% CI 1.08-1.67) increased risk of developing diabetes. After further adjustment for serum uric acid and estimated glomerular filtration rate, the association was partially attenuated (hazard ratio 1.33 [95% CI 1.07-1.65]). The association was similar by age, prediabetes status, BMI, and family history of diabetes but attenuated in women (P for heterogeneity = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS Elevated fasting serum fructose levels were independently associated with increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a middle-aged and older Chinese population. Our data suggest that higher fasting serum fructose levels might serve as a biomarker and/or a contributor to incident diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huandong Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Qin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Youli Lu
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital/Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Center, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingfeng Xia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomu Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital/Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Center, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Geng Zong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Jiao Y, Xing Y, Li K, Li Z, Zhao G. Enzyme-coupled fluorescence sensor for sensitive determination of uric acid and uricase inhibitor. LUMINESCENCE 2020; 36:1110-1116. [PMID: 32706938 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an enzyme-coupled fluorescence sensor was developed successfully for the sensitive detection of uric acid (UA) and uricase inhibitor based on graphene quantum dots (GQDs). UA was first oxidized using uricase and produced hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), which could oxidize phenol to benzoquinone in the presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as the catalysis. Benzoquinone is an efficient quencher and can cause fluorescence quenching of GQDs. The degree of quenching was proportional to UA concentration and was linear for the UA concentration in the ranges 0.2-14 μmol/L. The detection limit was 0.06 μmol/L for UA. In addition, the proposed sensor was further utilized for UA detection in human serum samples with satisfactory reproducibility and accuracy. The proposed strategy provided may be widely utilized to sense H2 O2 or H2 O2 generating processes in related biological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yunlong Xing
- Plastic surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zainan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guoqing Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Nakagawa T, Lanaspa MA, Millan IS, Fini M, Rivard CJ, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Andres-Hernando A, Tolan DR, Johnson RJ. Fructose contributes to the Warburg effect for cancer growth. Cancer Metab 2020; 8:16. [PMID: 32670573 PMCID: PMC7350662 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-020-00222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndrome are strongly associated with cancer, and these disorders may share a common mechanism. Recently, fructose has emerged as a driving force to develop obesity and metabolic syndrome. Thus, we assume that fructose may be the mechanism to explain why obesity and metabolic syndrome are linked with cancer. Clinical and experimental evidence showed that fructose intake was associated with cancer growth and that fructose transporters are upregulated in various malignant tumors. Interestingly, fructose metabolism can be driven under low oxygen conditions, accelerates glucose utilization, and exhibits distinct effects as compared to glucose, including production of uric acid and lactate as major byproducts. Fructose promotes the Warburg effect to preferentially downregulate mitochondrial respiration and increases aerobic glycolysis that may aid metastases that initially have low oxygen supply. In the process, uric acid may facilitate carcinogenesis by inhibiting the TCA cycle, stimulating cell proliferation by mitochondrial ROS, and blocking fatty acid oxidation. Lactate may also contribute to cancer growth by suppressing fat oxidation and inducing oncogene expression. The ability of fructose metabolism to directly stimulate the glycolytic pathway may have been protective for animals living with limited access to oxygen, but may be deleterious toward stimulating cancer growth and metastasis for humans in modern society. Blocking fructose metabolism may be a novel approach for the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Nakagawa
- Department of Nephrology, Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, 2 Otowa-Chinji-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Miguel A. Lanaspa
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Inigo San Millan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - Mehdi Fini
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO USA
| | | | - Laura G. Sanchez-Lozada
- Department of Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez, 14080 Mexico City, CP Mexico
| | - Ana Andres-Hernando
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Dean R. Tolan
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Richard J. Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO USA
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Wang F, Feng Y, He S, Wang L, Guo M, Cao Y, Wang Y, Yu Y. Nickel nanoparticles-loaded three-dimensional porous magnetic graphene-like material for non-enzymatic glucose sensing. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on Polypyrrole–Chitosan–BaFe2O4 Nanocomposite Layer to Detect the Sugar. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10082855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The surface plasmon resonance sensor was used to detect and measure low concentrations of sugar. A polypyrrole–chitosan–BaFe2O4 nanocomposite layer was prepared to improve the surface of the gold layer for the detection of glucose, fructose, and sucrose using the surface plasmon resonance technique. The polypyrrole–chitosan–BaFe2O4 was synthesized using the electrodeposition method in different thicknesses. The functional group, crystal structure, and morphology of the layer were investigated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction technique, and field emission electron microscopy. Consequently, the BaFe2O4 was scattered on the surface of the polymer, and the affinity of polypyrrole–chitosan–BaFe2O4 to bond with glucose is higher than that for the other sugars. The sensor limit was 0.005 ppm.
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Merino B, Fernández-Díaz CM, Cózar-Castellano I, Perdomo G. Intestinal Fructose and Glucose Metabolism in Health and Disease. Nutrients 2019; 12:E94. [PMID: 31905727 PMCID: PMC7019254 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide epidemics of obesity and diabetes have been linked to increased sugar consumption in humans. Here, we review fructose and glucose metabolism, as well as potential molecular mechanisms by which excessive sugar consumption is associated to metabolic diseases and insulin resistance in humans. To this end, we focus on understanding molecular and cellular mechanisms of fructose and glucose transport and sensing in the intestine, the intracellular signaling effects of dietary sugar metabolism, and its impact on glucose homeostasis in health and disease. Finally, the peripheral and central effects of dietary sugars on the gut-brain axis will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Merino
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular-IBGM (CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid), Valladolid 47003, Spain; (B.M.); (C.M.F.-D.); (G.P.)
| | - Cristina M. Fernández-Díaz
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular-IBGM (CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid), Valladolid 47003, Spain; (B.M.); (C.M.F.-D.); (G.P.)
| | - Irene Cózar-Castellano
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular-IBGM (CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid), Valladolid 47003, Spain; (B.M.); (C.M.F.-D.); (G.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - German Perdomo
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular-IBGM (CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid), Valladolid 47003, Spain; (B.M.); (C.M.F.-D.); (G.P.)
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos 09001, Spain
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Real-Time and Online Monitoring of Glucose Contents by Using Molecular Imprinted Polymer-Based IDEs Sensor. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 189:1156-1166. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Acute metabolic responses to high fructose corn syrup ingestion in adolescents with overweight/obesity and diabetes. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2019; 14:1-7. [PMID: 31058204 PMCID: PMC6497393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Childhood obesity remains high in prevalence. Sugar-sweetened beverages containing high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) are a common source of excess calories among children and adolescents. Fructose metabolism differs from glucose metabolism, which may also differ from fructose + glucose metabolism in HFCS consumption. The purpose of this study was to determine the acute metabolic effects of HFCS ingestion after soft drink consumption in adolescents who are lean, have overweight/obesity, or have type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods: Adolescents age 13–19 years were recruited into three groups: lean controls (n = 10), overweight/ obese without diabetes (n = 10), or uncomplicated T2DM on metformin monotherapy (n = 5). After an overnight fast, subjects drank 12 ounces of soda containing HFCS. Blood samples were collected at time zero and every 15 min for 120 min to be analyzed for fructose, glucose, and insulin levels. Results: Glucose and fructose concentrations rose quickly in the first 15 min. Fructose, which was very low at baseline, rose to 100–200 μM and remained higher than fasting concentrations even at 120 min in all groups. Glucose increased after soft drink consumption, with the highest concentrations among subjects with T2DM, but returned to baseline fasting levels at 120 min. Insulin levels increased 15 min after soft drink consumption and were the highest in the obese group. Lactate rose non-significantly in all subjects, with no differences between groups. Conclusion: Among adolescents who are lean, overweight/obese, or have T2DM, drinking an HFCS-containing soft drink exposes the liver to fructose. Glucose excursions in T2DM may be impacted by exaggerated glucose cycling, or fructose metabolism to glucose. The context of fructose consumption with or without other carbohydrates is an important consideration in studies of fructose metabolism.
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Dhananjayan K, Irrgang F, Raju R, Harman DG, Moran C, Srikanth V, Münch G. Determination of glyoxal and methylglyoxal in serum by UHPLC coupled with fluorescence detection. Anal Biochem 2019; 573:51-66. [PMID: 30796906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glyoxal (GO) and methylglyoxal (MGO) are two important biomarkers in diabetes. Analytical methods for determination of GO and MGO in serum samples are either HPLC with UV-Vis (low sensitivity) or MS/MS (expensive) detection. These disadvantages have hampered the introduction of these biomarkers as a routine analyte for diabetes diagnostics into the clinical laboratory. In this study, we introduce a UHPLC method with fluorescence detection for the measurement of GO and MGO in serum samples by pre-column derivatization at neutral pH with 5, 6-diamino-2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine sulfate (DDP) to form lumazines. The method was validated as per FDA guidelines. Using this method, we have determined GO and MGO in a variety of animal serum samples, and for example, determined the GO and MGO concentration in adult bovine serum to be 852 ± 27 and 192 ± 10 nmol/L, respectively. In human serum, GO and MGO levels in non-diabetic subjects (n = 14) were determined to be 154 ± 88 and 98 ± 27 nmol/L, and in serum samples from subjects with diabetes (n = 14) 244 ± 137 and 190 ± 68 nmol/L, respectively. In addition, interference studies showed that physiological serum components did not lead to an artificial increase in the levels of GO and MGO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Dhananjayan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Felix Irrgang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Ritesh Raju
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - David G Harman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Chris Moran
- Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health & Peninsula Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, 3199, Australia
| | - Velandai Srikanth
- Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health & Peninsula Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, 3199, Australia; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Gerald Münch
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia; NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
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35
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Crista DMA, Mello GPC, Shevchuk O, Sendão RMS, Simões EFC, Leitão JMM, da Silva LP, Esteves da Silva JCG. 3-Hydroxyphenylboronic Acid-Based Carbon Dot Sensors for Fructose Sensing. J Fluoresc 2019; 29:265-270. [PMID: 30612287 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-018-02336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The selective fluorescence sensing of fructose was achieved by fluorescence quenching of the emission of hydrothermal-synthesized carbon quantum dots prepared by 3-hydroxyphenylboronic acid. Quantification of fructose was possible in aqueous solutions with pH of 9 (Limit of Detection LOD and Limit of Quantification LOQ of 2.04 and 6.12 mM), by quenching of the emission at 376 nm and excitation ~380 nm with a linearity range of 0-150 mM. A Stern-Volmer constant (KSV) of 2.11 × 10-2 mM-1 was obtained, while a fluorescent quantum yield of 31% was calculated. The sensitivity of this assay towards fructose was confirmed by comparison with other sugars (such as glucose, sucrose and lactose). Finally, the validity of the proposed assays was further demonstrated by performing recovery assays in different matrixes. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M A Crista
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Guilherme P C Mello
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Olena Shevchuk
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo M S Sendão
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eliana F C Simões
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João M M Leitão
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Pinto da Silva
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.,LACOMEPHI, GreenUPorto, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joaquim C G Esteves da Silva
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal. .,LACOMEPHI, GreenUPorto, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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Lu M, Su L, Luo Y, Ma X, Duan Z, Zhu D, Xiong Y. Gold nanoparticle etching induced by an enzymatic-like reaction for the colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose. ANALYTICAL METHODS 2019; 11:4829-4834. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ay01599j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
A rapid colorimetric method for the sensitive and selective detection of H2O2 and glucose was developed based on the etching of AuNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian
- P. R. China
- College of Food and Bioengineering
| | - Linjing Su
- College of Food and Bioengineering
- Hezhou University
- Hezhou
- P. R. China
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering Technology
| | - Yanghe Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian
- P. R. China
- College of Food and Bioengineering
| | - Xionghui Ma
- Analysis and Test Center of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
- Haikou
- P. R. China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Tropical Products (Haikou) Ministry of Agriculture
- Haikou
| | - Zhenhua Duan
- College of Food and Bioengineering
- Hezhou University
- Hezhou
- P. R. China
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering Technology
| | - Dongjian Zhu
- College of Food and Bioengineering
- Hezhou University
- Hezhou
- P. R. China
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering Technology
| | - Yuhao Xiong
- College of Food and Bioengineering
- Hezhou University
- Hezhou
- P. R. China
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering Technology
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Aw WC, Towarnicki SG, Melvin RG, Youngson NA, Garvin MR, Hu Y, Nielsen S, Thomas T, Pickford R, Bustamante S, Vila-Sanjurjo A, Smyth GK, Ballard JWO. Genotype to phenotype: Diet-by-mitochondrial DNA haplotype interactions drive metabolic flexibility and organismal fitness. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007735. [PMID: 30399141 PMCID: PMC6219761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet may be modified seasonally or by biogeographic, demographic or cultural shifts. It can differentially influence mitochondrial bioenergetics, retrograde signalling to the nuclear genome, and anterograde signalling to mitochondria. All these interactions have the potential to alter the frequencies of mtDNA haplotypes (mitotypes) in nature and may impact human health. In a model laboratory system, we fed four diets varying in Protein: Carbohydrate (P:C) ratio (1:2, 1:4, 1:8 and 1:16 P:C) to four homoplasmic Drosophila melanogaster mitotypes (nuclear genome standardised) and assayed their frequency in population cages. When fed a high protein 1:2 P:C diet, the frequency of flies harbouring Alstonville mtDNA increased. In contrast, when fed the high carbohydrate 1:16 P:C food the incidence of flies harbouring Dahomey mtDNA increased. This result, driven by differences in larval development, was generalisable to the replacement of the laboratory diet with fruits having high and low P:C ratios, perturbation of the nuclear genome and changes to the microbiome. Structural modelling and cellular assays suggested a V161L mutation in the ND4 subunit of complex I of Dahomey mtDNA was mildly deleterious, reduced mitochondrial functions, increased oxidative stress and resulted in an increase in larval development time on the 1:2 P:C diet. The 1:16 P:C diet triggered a cascade of changes in both mitotypes. In Dahomey larvae, increased feeding fuelled increased β-oxidation and the partial bypass of the complex I mutation. Conversely, Alstonville larvae upregulated genes involved with oxidative phosphorylation, increased glycogen metabolism and they were more physically active. We hypothesise that the increased physical activity diverted energy from growth and cell division and thereby slowed development. These data further question the use of mtDNA as an assumed neutral marker in evolutionary and population genetic studies. Moreover, if humans respond similarly, we posit that individuals with specific mtDNA variations may differentially metabolise carbohydrates, which has implications for a variety of diseases including cardiovascular disease, obesity, and perhaps Parkinson's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen C. Aw
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Samuel G. Towarnicki
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard G. Melvin
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Neil A. Youngson
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael R. Garvin
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Yifang Hu
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shaun Nielsen
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Russell Pickford
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Center, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonia Bustamante
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Center, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Antón Vila-Sanjurjo
- Grupo GIBE, Bioloxía Celular e Molecular, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Campus Zapateira s/n, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Gordon K. Smyth
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J. William O. Ballard
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Monitoring glucose, calcium, and magnesium levels in saliva as a non-invasive analysis by sequential injection multi-parametric determination. Talanta 2018; 186:192-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Increased understanding of fructose metabolism, which begins with uptake via the intestine, is important because fructose now constitutes a physiologically significant portion of human diets and is associated with increased incidence of certain cancers and metabolic diseases. New insights in our knowledge of intestinal fructose absorption mediated by the facilitative glucose transporter GLUT5 in the apical membrane and by GLUT2 in the basolateral membrane are reviewed. We begin with studies related to structure as well as ligand binding, then revisit the controversial proposition that apical GLUT2 is the main mediator of intestinal fructose absorption. The review then describes how dietary fructose may be sensed by intestinal cells to affect the expression and activity of transporters and fructolytic enzymes, to interact with the transport of certain minerals and electrolytes, and to regulate portal and peripheral fructosemia and glycemia. Finally, it discusses the potential contributions of dietary fructose to gastrointestinal diseases and to the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo P Ferraris
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07946, USA;
| | - Jun-Yong Choe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, USA;
| | - Chirag R Patel
- Independent Drug Safety Consulting, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, USA;
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40
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Hannou SA, Haslam DE, McKeown NM, Herman MA. Fructose metabolism and metabolic disease. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:545-555. [PMID: 29388924 DOI: 10.1172/jci96702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased sugar consumption is increasingly considered to be a contributor to the worldwide epidemics of obesity and diabetes and their associated cardiometabolic risks. As a result of its unique metabolic properties, the fructose component of sugar may be particularly harmful. Diets high in fructose can rapidly produce all of the key features of the metabolic syndrome. Here we review the biology of fructose metabolism as well as potential mechanisms by which excessive fructose consumption may contribute to cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Hannou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Danielle E Haslam
- Nutritional Epidemiology Program, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicola M McKeown
- Nutritional Epidemiology Program, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark A Herman
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Jiménez-Maldonado A, Ying Z, Byun HR, Gomez-Pinilla F. Short-term fructose ingestion affects the brain independently from establishment of metabolic syndrome. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:24-33. [PMID: 29017895 PMCID: PMC5705281 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic fructose ingestion is linked to the global epidemic of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and poses a serious threat to brain function. We asked whether a short period (one week) of fructose ingestion potentially insufficient to establish peripheral metabolic disorder could impact brain function. We report that the fructose treatment had no effect on liver/body weight ratio, weight gain, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, was sufficient to reduce several aspects of hippocampal plasticity. Fructose consumption reduced the levels of the neuronal nuclear protein NeuN, Myelin Basic Protein, and the axonal growth-associated protein 43, concomitant with a decline in hippocampal weight. A reduction in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha and Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II by fructose treatment is indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, the GLUT5 fructose transporter was increased in the hippocampus after fructose ingestion suggesting that fructose may facilitate its own transport to brain. Fructose elevated levels of ketohexokinase in the liver but did not affect SIRT1 levels, suggesting that fructose is metabolized in the liver, without severely affecting liver function commensurable to an absence of metabolic syndrome condition. These results advocate that a short period of fructose can influence brain plasticity without a major peripheral metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhe Ying
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Hyae Ran Byun
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Fernando Gomez-Pinilla
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Los Angeles, USA.
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An Y, Varma VR, Varma S, Casanova R, Dammer E, Pletnikova O, Chia CW, Egan JM, Ferrucci L, Troncoso J, Levey AI, Lah J, Seyfried NT, Legido-Quigley C, O'Brien R, Thambisetty M. Evidence for brain glucose dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2017; 14:318-329. [PMID: 29055815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is unclear whether abnormalities in brain glucose homeostasis are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. METHODS Within the autopsy cohort of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, we measured brain glucose concentration and assessed the ratios of the glycolytic amino acids, serine, glycine, and alanine to glucose. We also quantified protein levels of the neuronal (GLUT3) and astrocytic (GLUT1) glucose transporters. Finally, we assessed the relationships between plasma glucose measured before death and brain tissue glucose. RESULTS Higher brain tissue glucose concentration, reduced glycolytic flux, and lower GLUT3 are related to severity of AD pathology and the expression of AD symptoms. Longitudinal increases in fasting plasma glucose levels are associated with higher brain tissue glucose concentrations. DISCUSSION Impaired glucose metabolism due to reduced glycolytic flux may be intrinsic to AD pathogenesis. Abnormalities in brain glucose homeostasis may begin several years before the onset of clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang An
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vijay R Varma
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Ramon Casanova
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Eric Dammer
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Olga Pletnikova
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chee W Chia
- Translational Research and Medical Services Section, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Juan Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Allan I Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James Lah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Richard O'Brien
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Madhav Thambisetty
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatenda Gota
- Flow process and Rheology Centre; Cape Peninsula University of Technology; Cape Town- 8000 South Africa
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Cape Peninsula University of Technology; Cape Town- 8000 South Africa
| | - Mahabubur Chowdhury
- Flow process and Rheology Centre; Cape Peninsula University of Technology; Cape Town- 8000 South Africa
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Cape Peninsula University of Technology; Cape Town- 8000 South Africa
| | - Tunde Ojumu
- Flow process and Rheology Centre; Cape Peninsula University of Technology; Cape Town- 8000 South Africa
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Cape Peninsula University of Technology; Cape Town- 8000 South Africa
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Tang SB, Lee JC, Jung JK, Choi MY. Effect of erythritol formulation on the mortality, fecundity and physiological excretion in Drosophila suzukii. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 101:178-184. [PMID: 28764953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we studied various combinations of non-nutritive sugars including erythritol and erythrose having a potentially insecticidal effect on Drosophila suzukii. The study suggested two potential physiological changes causing fly mortality: 1) starvation from the feeding of non-metabolizable erythritol and erythrose; 2) abnormal osmotic pressure increased in the hemolymph with erythritol transported from the midgut. In the present study, sucrose and erythritol were applied to blueberries and effects of these combinations on fly mortality and fecundity were monitored in the lab and greenhouse. In the lab, two sucrose/erythritol formulations (0.5M sucrose/2M erythritol, 1M sucrose/2M erythritol) resulted in the highest mortality and the lowest fecundity among D. suzukii adults. Two formulations, therefore, were selected for further evaluation with blueberry bushes and fruits in the greenhouse; fly survival with 0.5M sucrose/2M erythritol was significantly lower than 1M sucrose/2M erythritol for 7days. Unlike the smaller container, mortality occurred faster in the greenhouse probably because flies moved more in the bigger cage accelerating the exhaustion of energy reserves in the body. We examined presence of erythritol in the hemolymph and frass to determine the nutritional metabolism and absorption of erythritol in D. suzukii. Unlike sucrose, a large amount of erythritol was observed in the hemolymph of the fly that ingested 0.5M sucrose/0.5M erythritol. Erythritol was also found in the frass of the same fly. The results imply that erythritol might be directly transported from the midgut without being metabolized and stored, but is accumulated in the hemolymph which in turn elevates the osmotic pressure in the fly hemolymph. For practical application, the sucrose/erythritol combination would be more effective than erythritol alone because the combination tastes sweeter to elicit more feeding. This erythritol formulation can be a potential insecticide used alone or as a delivery agent combined with conventional or biological insecticides to enhance their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Bee Tang
- USDA ARS Horticultural Crops Research Unit and (b)Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, 3420 NW Orchard Avenue, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA; USDA ARS Horticultural Crops Research Unit and (b)Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, 3420 NW Orchard Avenue, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Jana C Lee
- USDA ARS Horticultural Crops Research Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Avenue, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Jin Kyo Jung
- Crop Cultivation and Environment Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Suwon 16429, South Korea
| | - Man-Yeon Choi
- USDA ARS Horticultural Crops Research Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Avenue, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA.
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Li H, Yang C, Zhu X, Zhang H. A simple ratiometric fluorescent sensor for fructose based on complexation of 10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinoline with boronic acid. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 180:199-203. [PMID: 28285244 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A simple ratiometric fluorescent sensor for fructose was presented. It consisted of 10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinoline (HBQ) which showed emission at 572nm and 3-pyridylboronic acid (PDBA) whose complex with HBQ gave emission at 500nm. The reaction of fructose with PDBA inhibited the complexation of HBQ with PDBA, resulting in the change of dual-emission intensity ratio. The sensor well quantified fructose in the range of 0.015-2.5mM with detection limit of 0.005mM. Besides, this sensor exhibited excellent selectivity and was successfully applied to fructose detection in food. This work provides a simple ratiometric sensing platform for sensitive and selective detection of fructose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Cailing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xinyue Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Quek LE, Liu M, Joshi S, Turner N. Fast exchange fluxes around the pyruvate node: a leaky cell model to explain the gain and loss of unlabelled and labelled metabolites in a tracer experiment. Cancer Metab 2016; 4:13. [PMID: 27379180 PMCID: PMC4931697 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-016-0153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose and glutamine are the two dominant metabolic substrates in cancer cells. In (13)C tracer experiments, however, it is necessary to account for all significant input substrates, as some natural (unlabelled) substrate in the medium, often derived from serum, can be metabolised by cells despite not showing signs of net consumption. RESULTS Using [U-(13)C6]-glucose tracers and measuring extracellular metabolite enrichments by GC-MS, we found that pancreatic cells HPDE and PANC-1 secrete lactate, pyruvate, TCA cycle metabolites and non-essential amino acids synthesised from glucose. Focusing our investigations on pyruvate exchange in HEK293 cells, we observed that the four metabolites pools, intracellular and extracellular lactate and pyruvate, had similar (13)C enrichment trajectories. This indicated that these metabolites can mix rapidly. Using a hybrid (13)C-MFA, we followed to show that the lactate exchange flux had increased when extracellular lactate concentration was increased by 10-fold. By allowing rapid exchange fluxes around the pyruvate node, (13)C-MFA revealed that PANC-1 cells cultured in [U-(13)C6]-glucose doubled the conversion of unlabelled substrates to pyruvate when treated with TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS The current work established the possibility that a cell's range of significant input substrates may be broader than anticipated. Metabolite exchange can affect intracellular enrichments. In particular, we showed that pyruvate was more strongly connected to lactate than to upstream glycolytic intermediates and that a fast lactate exchange may alter the outcome of flux analyses. Nevertheless, the leaky cell model may be an opportunity in disguise-the ability to continuously monitor metabolism using only the enrichments of extracellular metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lake-Ee Quek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia ; The Charles Perkins Centre, School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Menghan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Sanket Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
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Sun S, Wang H, Xie J, Su Y. Simultaneous determination of rhamnose, xylitol, arabitol, fructose, glucose, inositol, sucrose, maltose in jujube (Zizyphus jujube Mill.) extract: comparison of HPLC-ELSD, LC-ESI-MS/MS and GC-MS. Chem Cent J 2016; 10:25. [PMID: 27141230 PMCID: PMC4852422 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-016-0171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Jujube extract is commonly used as a food additive and flavoring. The sensory properties of the extract, especially sweetness, are a critical factor determining the product quality and therefore affecting consumer acceptability. Small molecular carbohydrates make major contribution to the sweetness of the jujube extract, and their types and contents in the extract have direct influence on quality of the product. So, an appropriate qualitative and quantitative method for determination of the carbohydrates is vitally important for quality control of the product. Results High performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD), liquid chromatography-electronic spay ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) methods have been developed and applied to determining small molecular carbohydrates in jujube extract, respectively. Eight sugars and alditols were identified from the extract, including rhamnose, xylitol, arabitol, fructose, glucose, inositol, sucrose, and maltose. Comparisons were carried out to investigate the performance of the methods. Although the methods have been found to perform satisfactorily, only three sugars (fructose, glucose and inositol) could be detected by all these methods. Meanwhile, a similar quantitative result for the three sugars can be obtained by the methods. Conclusions Eight sugars and alditols in the jujube extract were determined by HPLC-ELSD, LC-ESI-MS/MS and GC–MS, respectively. The LC-ELSD method and the LC-ESI-MS/MS method with good precision and accuracy were suitable for quantitative analysis of carbohydrates in jujube extract; although the performance of the GC–MS method for quantitative analysis was inferior to the other methods, it has a wider scope in qualitative analysis. A multi-analysis technique should be adopted in order to obtain complete constituents of about the carbohydrates in jujube extract, and the methods should be employed according to the purpose of analysis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13065-016-0171-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Sun
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China ; Key Laboratory in Flavor & Fragrance Basic Research, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory in Flavor & Fragrance Basic Research, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Jianping Xie
- Key Laboratory in Flavor & Fragrance Basic Research, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Yue Su
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
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Sensing of Salivary Glucose Using Nano-Structured Biosensors. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2016; 6:bios6010010. [PMID: 26999233 PMCID: PMC4810402 DOI: 10.3390/bios6010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The anxiety and pain associated with frequent finger pricking has always been troublesome for diabetics measuring blood glucose (BG) in their daily lives. For this reason, a reliable glucose monitoring system that allows noninvasive measurements is highly desirable. Our main objective is to develop a biosensor that can detect low-level glucose in saliva (physiological range 0.5–20 mg/dL). Salivary glucose (SG) sensors were built using a layer-by-layer self-assembly of single-walled carbon nanotubes, chitosan, gold nanoparticles, and glucose oxidase onto a screen-printed platinum electrode. An electrochemical method was utilized for the quantitative detection of glucose in both buffer solution and saliva samples. A standard spectrophotometric technique was used as a reference method to validate the glucose content of each sample. The disposable glucose sensors have a detection limit of 0.41 mg/dL, a sensitivity of 0.24 μA·s·dL·mg−1, a linear range of 0.5–20 mg/dL in buffer solution, and a response time of 30 s. A study of 10 healthy subjects was conducted, and SG levels between 1.1 to 10.1 mg/dL were successfully detected. The results revealed that the noninvasive SG monitoring could be an alternative for diabetes self-management at home. This paper is not intended to replace regular BG tests, but to study SG itself as an indicator for the quality of diabetes care. It can potentially help patients control and monitor their health conditions, enabling them to comply with prescribed treatments for diabetes.
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Derikvand Z, Azadbakht A, Olmstead MM, Karimi Z, Gharamaleki JA. Synthesis, spectroscopic and crystal structure of a new 2D coordination polymer of Ni(II) constructed by naphthalene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid; Nanomolar detection of fructose at a nano-structured Ni(II) coordination polymer multiwall carbon nanotube. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-015-0766-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fan Y, Hu G, Zhang T, Dong X, Zhong Y, Li X, Miao J, Hua S. Determination of Glucose in Food by the Ionic Liquid and Carbon Nanotubes Modified Dual-Enzymatic Sensors. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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