1
|
Li Y, B Gowda SG, Gowda D, Ikeda A, Ait Bamai Y, Ketema RM, Kishi R, Chiba H, Hui SP. Alterations in plasma short-chain fatty acids in preadolescence children: The Hokkaido study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1242:124191. [PMID: 38870605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the plasma short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in 9-12-year-old Japanese children collected in the Hokkaido study, focusing on how factors such as age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) correlate with these levels. The Hokkaido Study on Children's Health is an ongoing longitudinal study since 2002, encompassing 20,926 pregnant women in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan, between 2003 and 2012. We contacted 1881 children aged 9-12 born between April 2006 and January 2010, and 342 non-fasting plasma samples (boys = 181, girls = 161) were obtained from this cohort, alongside assessments of their height and weight. Plasma SCFA concentrations were determined using N,N-dimethylethylenediamine derivatization method coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Ethyl acetate was used to extract SCFAs from plasma, and the recovery ranged from 83 % to 108 %. Our findings indicate that acetic acid had the highest concentration across all age groups and sexes. The concentrations of butyric acid, valeric acid, and hexanoic acid increased with age, peaking in 12-year-old children. Conversely, the level of 4-hydroxy valeric acid showed a decreasing trend with increasing age groups. This study also explored the correlation between BMI and SCFA concentrations, comparatively higher level of propionic acid was observed in the overweight group. The results obtained in this study enhance our understanding of the role of SCFAs in the growth and development of children and provide a foundation for future nutritional intervention and health promotion strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghan Li
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Siddabasave Gowda B Gowda
- Graduate School of Global Food Resources, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0809, Japan; Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Divyavani Gowda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Atsuko Ikeda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yu Ait Bamai
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Rahel Mesfin Ketema
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Department of Nutrition, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, Nakanuma Nishi-4-2-1-15, Higashi-ku, Sapporo 070-0894, Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Verma A, Bhagchandani T, Rai A, Nikita, Sardarni UK, Bhavesh NS, Gulati S, Malik R, Tandon R. Short-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) as a Connecting Link between Microbiota and Gut-Lung Axis-A Potential Therapeutic Intervention to Improve Lung Health. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:14648-14671. [PMID: 38585101 PMCID: PMC10993281 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome is an integral part of the human gut, and it plays a crucial role in the development of the immune system and homeostasis. Apart from the gut microbiome, the airway microbial community also forms a distinct and crucial part of the human microbiota. Furthermore, several studies indicate the existence of communication between the gut microbiome and their metabolites with the lung airways, called "gut-lung axis". Perturbations in gut microbiota composition, termed dysbiosis, can have acute and chronic effects on the pathophysiology of lung diseases. Microbes and their metabolites in lung stimulate various innate immune pathways, which modulate the expression of the inflammatory genes in pulmonary leukocytes. For instance, gut microbiota-derived metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids can suppress lung inflammation through the activation of G protein-coupled receptors (free fatty acid receptors) and can also inhibit histone deacetylase, which in turn influences the severity of acute and chronic respiratory diseases. Thus, modulation of the gut microbiome composition through probiotic/prebiotic usage and fecal microbiota transplantation can lead to alterations in lung homeostasis and immunity. The resulting manipulation of immune cells function through microbiota and their key metabolites paves the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies in improving the lung health of individuals affected with various lung diseases including SARS-CoV-2. This review will shed light upon the mechanistic aspect of immune system programming through gut and lung microbiota and exploration of the relationship between gut-lung microbiome and also highlight the therapeutic potential of gut microbiota-derived metabolites in the management of respiratory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Verma
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Tannu Bhagchandani
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ankita Rai
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nikita
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Urvinder Kaur Sardarni
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Neel Sarovar Bhavesh
- Transcription
Regulation Group, International Centre for
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sameer Gulati
- Department
of Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College
(LHMC), New Delhi 110058, India
| | - Rupali Malik
- Department
of Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College
and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ravi Tandon
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thing M, Werge MP, Kimer N, Hetland LE, Rashu EB, Nabilou P, Junker AE, Galsgaard ED, Bendtsen F, Laupsa-Borge J, McCann A, Gluud LL. Targeted metabolomics reveals plasma short-chain fatty acids are associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:43. [PMID: 38262952 PMCID: PMC10804800 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) may reflect disturbances in the gut microbiota and have been linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). We assessed plasma SCFAs in patients with MASLD and healthy controls. METHODS Fasting venous blood samples were collected and eight SCFAs were measured using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Relative between-group differences in circulating SCFA concentrations were estimated by linear regression, and the relation between SCFA concentrations, MASLD, and fibrosis severity was investigated using logistic regression. RESULTS The study includes 100 patients with MASLD (51% with mild/no fibrosis and 49% with significant fibrosis) and 50 healthy controls. Compared with healthy controls, MASLD patients had higher plasma concentrations of propionate (21.8%, 95% CI 3.33 to 43.6, p = 0.02), formate (21.9%, 95% CI 6.99 to 38.9, p = 0.003), valerate (35.7%, 95% CI 4.53 to 76.2, p = 0.02), and α-methylbutyrate (16.2%, 95% CI 3.66 to 30.3, p = 0.01) but lower plasma acetate concentrations (- 30.0%, 95% CI - 40.4 to - 17.9, p < 0.001). Among patients with MASLD, significant fibrosis was positively associated with propionate (p = 0.02), butyrate (p = 0.03), valerate (p = 0.03), and α-methylbutyrate (p = 0.02). Six of eight SCFAs were significantly increased in F4 fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, SCFAs were associated with MASLD and fibrosis severity, but further research is needed to elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying our observations and to assess the possible benefit of therapies modulating gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mira Thing
- Gastro Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegard Alle 30, Hvidovre, 2650, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Parsberg Werge
- Gastro Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegard Alle 30, Hvidovre, 2650, Denmark
| | - Nina Kimer
- Gastro Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegard Alle 30, Hvidovre, 2650, Denmark
| | - Liv Eline Hetland
- Gastro Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegard Alle 30, Hvidovre, 2650, Denmark
| | - Elias Badal Rashu
- Gastro Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegard Alle 30, Hvidovre, 2650, Denmark
| | - Puria Nabilou
- Gastro Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegard Alle 30, Hvidovre, 2650, Denmark
| | - Anders Ellekaer Junker
- Gastro Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegard Alle 30, Hvidovre, 2650, Denmark
| | | | - Flemming Bendtsen
- Gastro Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegard Alle 30, Hvidovre, 2650, Denmark
| | | | | | - Lise Lotte Gluud
- Gastro Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegard Alle 30, Hvidovre, 2650, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Elsheikh M, El Sabagh A, Mohamed IB, Bhongade M, Hassan MM, Jalal PK. Frailty in end-stage liver disease: Understanding pathophysiology, tools for assessment, and strategies for management. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:6028-6048. [PMID: 38130738 PMCID: PMC10731159 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i46.6028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Frailty and sarcopenia are frequently observed in patients with end-stage liver disease. Frailty is a complex condition that arises from deteriorations across various physiological systems, including the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and immune systems, resulting in a reduced ability of the body to withstand stressors. This condition is associated with declined resilience and increased vulnerability to negative outcomes, including disability, hospitalization, and mortality. In cirrhotic patients, frailty is influenced by multiple factors, such as hyperammonemia, hormonal imbalance, malnutrition, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and alcohol intake. Assessing frailty is crucial in predicting morbidity and mortality in cirrhotic patients. It can aid in making critical decisions regarding patients' eligibility for critical care and transplantation. This, in turn, can guide the development of an individualized treatment plan for each patient with cirrhosis, with a focus on prioritizing exercise, proper nutrition, and appropriate treatment of hepatic complications as the primary lines of treatment. In this review, we aim to explore the topic of frailty in liver diseases, with a particular emphasis on pathophysiology, clinical assessment, and discuss strategies for preventing frailty through effective treatment of hepatic complications. Furthermore, we explore novel assessment and management strategies that have emerged in recent years, including the use of wearable technology and telemedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Elsheikh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Ahmed El Sabagh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Islam B Mohamed
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Megha Bhongade
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Manal M Hassan
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Prasun Kumar Jalal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shen C, Chen Y, Wang Q, Sun Y, Lin H, Ni M, Chen Y, Zhang L, Jin J, Ying X, Zou Y, Wang X, Ye Y, Yuan M, Yin N, Cao Z, Zhang Y, Gu W, Wang W, Ning G, Wang J, Zhao S, Hong J, Liu R. Fecal short chain fatty acids modify therapeutic effects of sleeve gastrectomy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1277035. [PMID: 38027127 PMCID: PMC10663943 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1277035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims We aimed to investigate changes of fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and their association with metabolic benefits after sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Specifically, whether pre-surgery SCFAs modify surgical therapeutic effects was determined. Methods 62 participants with measurements of fecal SCFAs and metabolic indices before and 1, 3, 6 months after SG were included. Changes of fecal SCFAs and their association with post-surgery metabolic benefits were calculated. Then, participants were stratified by medians of pre-surgery fecal SCFAs and modification effects of pre-surgery fecal SCFAs on surgical therapeutic effects were investigated, through calculating interaction of group by surgery. Results Fecal SCFAs were markedly changed by SG. Changes of propionate and acetate were positively correlated with serum triglycerides and total cholesterol, respectively. Notably, high pre-surgery fecal hexanoate group showed a better effect of SG treatment on lowering body weight (P=0.01), BMI (P=0.041) and serum triglycerides (P=0.031), and low pre-surgery fecal butyrate had a better effect of SG on lowering ALT (P=0.003) and AST (P=0.019). Conclusion Fecal SCFAs were changed and correlated with lipid profiles improvement after SG. Pre-surgery fecal hexanoate and butyrate were potential modifiers impacting metabolic benefits of SG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongrong Shen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanru Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoling Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingkai Sun
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huibin Lin
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengshan Ni
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufei Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiabin Jin
- Pancreatic Disease Center, Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiayang Ying
- Pancreatic Disease Center, Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyao Zou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yaorui Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Miaomiao Yuan
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Yin
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwen Cao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqiong Gu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoqian Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixin Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Meiller L, Sauvinet V, Breyton AE, Ranaivo H, Machon C, Mialon A, Meynier A, Bischoff SC, Walter J, Neyrinck AM, Laville M, Delzenne NM, Vinoy S, Nazare JA. Metabolic signature of 13C-labeled wheat bran consumption related to gut fermentation in humans: a pilot study. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2633-2648. [PMID: 37222787 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this pilot study was to analyze concomitantly the kinetics of production of 13C-labeled gut-derived metabolites from 13C-labeled wheat bran in three biological matrices (breath, plasma, stools), in order to assess differential fermentation profiles among subjects. METHODS Six healthy women consumed a controlled breakfast containing 13C-labeled wheat bran biscuits. H2, CH4 and 13CO2, 13CH4 24 h-concentrations in breath were measured, respectively, by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS). Plasma and fecal concentrations of 13C-short-chain fatty acids (linear SCFAs: acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate; branched SCFAs: isobutyrate, isovalerate) were quantified using GC-combustion-IRMS. Gut microbiota composition was assessed by16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. RESULTS H2 and CH4 24 h-kinetics distinguished two groups in terms of fermentation-related gas excretion: high-CH4 producers vs low-CH4 producers (fasting concentrations: 45.3 ± 13.6 ppm vs 6.5 ± 3.6 ppm). Expired 13CH4 was enhanced and prolonged in high-CH4 producers compared to low-CH4 producers. The proportion of plasma and stool 13C-butyrate tended to be higher in low-CH4 producers, and inversely for 13C-acetate. Plasma branched SCFAs revealed different kinetics of apparition compared to linear SCFAs. CONCLUSION This pilot study allowed to consider novel procedures for the development of biomarkers revealing dietary fiber-gut microbiota interactions. The non-invasive assessment of exhaled gas following 13C-labeled fibers ingestion enabled to decipher distinct fermentation profiles: high-CH4 producers vs low-CH4 producers. The isotope labeling permits a specific in vivo characterisation of the dietary fiber impact consumption on microbiota metabolite production. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The study has been registered under the number NCT03717311 at ClinicalTrials.gov on October 24, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laure Meiller
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, INSERM, INRAe, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Valérie Sauvinet
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, INSERM, INRAe, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Anne-Esther Breyton
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, INSERM, INRAe, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAe, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Harimalala Ranaivo
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, INSERM, INRAe, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAe, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Christelle Machon
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Anne Mialon
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | | | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Medicine, School of Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Audrey M Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martine Laville
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, INSERM, INRAe, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAe, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, Pierre Bénite, France
- Service d'Endocrinologie Diabète Nutrition, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | | | - Sophie Vinoy
- Nutrition Research, Mondelez International, Saclay, France
| | - Julie-Anne Nazare
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, INSERM, INRAe, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France.
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAe, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, Pierre Bénite, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xie L, Alam MJ, Marques FZ, Mackay CR. A major mechanism for immunomodulation: Dietary fibres and acid metabolites. Semin Immunol 2023; 66:101737. [PMID: 36857894 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Diet and the gut microbiota have a profound influence on physiology and health, however, mechanisms are still emerging. Here we outline several pathways that gut microbiota products, particularly short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), use to maintain gut and immune homeostasis. Dietary fibre is fermented by the gut microbiota in the colon, and large quantities of SCFAs such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate are produced. Dietary fibre and SCFAs enhance epithelial integrity and thereby limit systemic endotoxemia. Moreover, SCFAs inhibit histone deacetylases (HDAC), and thereby affect gene transcription. SCFAs also bind to 'metabolite-sensing' G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) such as GPR43, which promotes immune homeostasis. The enormous amounts of SCFAs produced in the colon are sufficient to lower pH, which affects the function of proton sensors such as GPR65 expressed on the gut epithelium and immune cells. GPR65 is an anti-inflammatory Gαs-coupled receptor, which leads to the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines. The importance of GPR65 in inflammatory diseases is underscored by genetics associated with the missense variant I231L (rs3742704), which is associated with human inflammatory bowel disease, atopic dermatitis, and asthma. There is enormous scope to manipulate these pathways using specialized diets that release very high amounts of specific SCFAs in the gut, and we believe that therapies that rely on chemically modified foods is a promising approach. Such an approach includes high SCFA-producing diets, which we have shown to decrease numerous inflammatory western diseases in mouse models. These diets operate at many levels - increased gut integrity, changes to the gut microbiome, and promotion of immune homeostasis, which represents a new and highly promising way to prevent or treat human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xie
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Md Jahangir Alam
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Heart Failure Research Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne,VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Charles R Mackay
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rekha K, Venkidasamy B, Samynathan R, Nagella P, Rebezov M, Khayrullin M, Ponomarev E, Bouyahya A, Sarkar T, Shariati MA, Thiruvengadam M, Simal-Gandara J. Short-chain fatty acid: An updated review on signaling, metabolism, and therapeutic effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2461-2489. [PMID: 36154353 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2124231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids are good energy sources (9 kcal per gram) that aerobic tissues can use except for the brain (glucose is an alternative source). Apart from the energy source, fatty acids are necessary for cell signaling, learning-related memory, modulating gene expression, and functioning as cytokine precursors. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are saturated fatty acids arranged as a straight chain consisting minimum of 6 carbon atoms. SCFAs possess various beneficial effects like improving metabolic function, inhibiting insulin resistance, and ameliorating immune dysfunction. In this review, we discussed the biogenesis, absorption, and transport of SCFA. SCFAs can act as signaling molecules by stimulating G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and suppressing histone deacetylases (HDACs). The role of SCFA on glucose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and its effect on the immune system is also reviewed with updated details. SCFA possess anticancer, anti-diabetic, and hepatoprotective effects. Additionally, the association of protective effects of SCFA against brain-related diseases, kidney diseases, cardiovascular damage, and inflammatory bowel diseases were also reviewed. Nanotherapy is a branch of nanotechnology that employs nanoparticles at the nanoscale level to treat various ailments with enhanced drug stability, solubility, and minimal side effects. The SCFA functions as drug carriers, and nanoparticles were also discussed. Still, much research was not focused on this area. SCFA functions in host gene expression through inhibition of HDAC inhibition. However, the study has to be focused on the molecular mechanism of SCFA against various diseases that still need to be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaliaperumal Rekha
- Department of Environmental and Herbal Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Praveen Nagella
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- Department of Scientific Research, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Scientific Research, Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Scientific Research, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Mars Khayrullin
- Department of Scientific Research, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny Ponomarev
- Department of Scientific Research, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Tanmay Sarkar
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Malda Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Government of West Bengal, Malda, West Bengal, India
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Department of Scientific Research, Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Scientific Research, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Analytical Chemistry and Food Science Department, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen Q, Li X, Cui J, Xu C, Wei H, Zhao Q, Yao H, You H, Zhang D, Yu H. Effects of Stocking Density on Fatty Acid Metabolism by Skeletal Muscle in Mice. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192538. [PMID: 36230279 PMCID: PMC9559694 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific pathogen-free (SPF) grade laboratory animals are kept in specific cages for life. The limited space could affect the characterization of colonization and dynamic changes related to gut microorganisms, and affect adipokines, even further affecting the fat synthesis and muscle quality of animals. The objective of this study was to analyze the stocking density on the dynamic distribution of gut microbiota, fat synthesis and muscle quality of SPF grade Kunming mice. Three housing densities were accomplished by raising different mice per cage with the same floor size. Kunming mice were reared at low stocking density (LSD, three mice a group), medium stocking density (MSD, 5 mice a group), and high stocking density (HSD, 10 mice a group) for 12 weeks. The results demonstrated that the stocking density affected intestinal microbial flora composition. We found that compared with the MSD group, the abundance of Lactobacillus in the LSD group and the HSD group decreased, but the abundance of unclassified_Porphyromonadaceae increased. Moreover, fat synthesis and muscle quality were linked to the intestinal microbial flora and stocking density. Compared with the LSD group and the HSD group, the MSD group had a more balanced gut flora, higher fat synthesis and higher muscle quality. Overall, this study demonstrated that stocking density could affect gut microbiota composition, and reasonable stocking density could improve fat synthesis and muscle quality. Our study will provide theoretical support for the suitable stocking density of laboratory animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Chen
- Center of Animal Experiment, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Center of Animal Experiment, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jiarun Cui
- Center of Animal Experiment, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Caiyun Xu
- Center of Animal Experiment, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hongfei Wei
- Center of Animal Experiment, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hongli Yao
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hailong You
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Center of Animal Experiment, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (H.Y.); Tel.: +86-0-431-8561-9495 (H.Y.)
| | - Huimei Yu
- Center of Animal Experiment, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (H.Y.); Tel.: +86-0-431-8561-9495 (H.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abdalkareem Jasim S, Jade Catalan Opulencia M, Alexis Ramírez-Coronel A, Kamal Abdelbasset W, Hasan Abed M, Markov A, Raheem Lateef Al-Awsi G, Azamatovich Shamsiev J, Thaeer Hammid A, Nader Shalaby M, Karampoor S, Mirzaei R. The emerging role of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids in immunometabolism. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:108983. [PMID: 35750016 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The accumulating evidence revealed that microbiota plays a significant function in training, function, and the induction of host immunity. Once this interaction (immune system-microbiota) works correctly, it enables the production of protective responses against pathogens and keeps the regulatory pathways essential for maintaining tolerance to innocent antigens. This concept of immunity and metabolic activity redefines the realm of immunometabolism, paving the way for innovative therapeutic interventions to modulate immune cells through immune metabolic alterations. A body of evidence suggests that microbiota-derived metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate, acetate, and propionate, play a key role in immune balance. SCFAs act on many cell types to regulate various vital biological processes, including host metabolism, intestinal function, and the immune system. Such SCFAs generated by gut bacteria also impact immunity, cellular function, and immune cell fate. This is a new concept of immune metabolism, and better knowledge about how lifestyle affects intestinal immunometabolism is crucial for preventing and treating disease. In this review article, we explicitly focus on the function of SCFAs in the metabolism of immune cells, especially macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells (DCs), B cells, T (Th) helper cells, and cytotoxic T cells (CTLs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saade Abdalkareem Jasim
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-maarif University College, Al-anbar-Ramadi, Iraq.
| | | | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Laboratory of Psychometrics, Comparative Psychology and Ethology (LABPPCE), Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Ecuador and Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia, Cuenca, Ecuador.
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Murtadha Hasan Abed
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq.
| | - Alexander Markov
- Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russian Federation; Tyumen Industrial University, Tyumen, Russian Federation.
| | | | - Jamshid Azamatovich Shamsiev
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Samarkand State Medical Institute, Samarkand, Uzbekistan; Research scholar, Department of Scientific Affairs, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Makhtumkuli Street 103, Tashkent, 100047, Uzbekistan.
| | - Ali Thaeer Hammid
- Computer Engineering Techniques Department, Faculty of Information Technology, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Mohammed Nader Shalaby
- Biological Sciences and Sports Health Department, Faculty of Physical Education, Suez Canal University, Egypt.
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rastall RA, Diez-Municio M, Forssten SD, Hamaker B, Meynier A, Moreno FJ, Respondek F, Stah B, Venema K, Wiese M. Structure and function of non-digestible carbohydrates in the gut microbiome. Benef Microbes 2022; 13:95-168. [PMID: 35729770 DOI: 10.3920/bm2021.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Together with proteins and fats, carbohydrates are one of the macronutrients in the human diet. Digestible carbohydrates, such as starch, starch-based products, sucrose, lactose, glucose and some sugar alcohols and unusual (and fairly rare) α-linked glucans, directly provide us with energy while other carbohydrates including high molecular weight polysaccharides, mainly from plant cell walls, provide us with dietary fibre. Carbohydrates which are efficiently digested in the small intestine are not available in appreciable quantities to act as substrates for gut bacteria. Some oligo- and polysaccharides, many of which are also dietary fibres, are resistant to digestion in the small intestines and enter the colon where they provide substrates for the complex bacterial ecosystem that resides there. This review will focus on these non-digestible carbohydrates (NDC) and examine their impact on the gut microbiota and their physiological impact. Of particular focus will be the potential of non-digestible carbohydrates to act as prebiotics, but the review will also evaluate direct effects of NDC on human cells and systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Rastall
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, P.O. Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - M Diez-Municio
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - S D Forssten
- IFF Health & Biosciences, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - B Hamaker
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2009, USA
| | - A Meynier
- Nutrition Research, Mondelez France R&D SAS, 6 rue René Razel, 91400 Saclay, France
| | - F Javier Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Respondek
- Tereos, Zoning Industriel Portuaire, 67390 Marckolsheim, France
| | - B Stah
- Human Milk Research & Analytical Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - K Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University - campus Venlo, St. Jansweg 20, 5928 RC Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - M Wiese
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE, Zeist, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bajaj JS, Ng SC, Schnabl B. Promises of microbiome-based therapies. J Hepatol 2022; 76:1379-1391. [PMID: 35589257 PMCID: PMC9588437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Humans harbour large quantities of microbes, including bacteria, fungi, viruses and archaea, in the gut. Patients with liver disease exhibit changes in the intestinal microbiota and gut barrier dysfunction. Preclinical models demonstrate the importance of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. In this review, we discuss how manipulation of the gut microbiota can be used as a novel treatment approach for liver disease. We summarise current data on untargeted approaches, including probiotics and faecal microbiota transplantation, and precision microbiome-centered therapies, including engineered bacteria, postbiotics and phages, for the treatment of liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmohan S Bajaj
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University and Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
| | - Siew C Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Islam MA, Cook CV, Smith BJ, Ford Versypt AN. Mathematical Modeling of the Gut-Bone Axis and Implications of Butyrate Treatment on Osteoimmunology. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021; 60:17814-17825. [PMID: 34992331 PMCID: PMC8730472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by the gut microbiota, has pivotal roles in the regulation of the immune system. Recent studies have revealed that butyrate increases the differentiation of peripheral regulatory T cells in the gut-bone axis and promotes osteoblasts' bone forming activity. However, the mechanism of the therapeutic benefit of butyrate in bone remodeling remains incompletely understood. Here, we develop a multicompartment mathematical model to quantitatively predict the contribution of butyrate on the expansion of regulatory T cells in the gut, blood, and bone compartments. We investigate the interplay between regulatory T cell-derived TGF-β and CD8+ T cell-derived Wnt-10b with changes in gut butyrate concentration. In addition, we connect our model to a detailed model of bone metabolism to study the impacts of butyrate and Wnt-10b on trabecular bone volume. Our results indicate both direct and indirect immune-mediated impacts of butyrate on bone metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aminul Islam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States; School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Carley V Cook
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States; School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Brenda J Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Ashlee N Ford Versypt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States; School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States; Institute for Computational and Data Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kirschner SK, Ten Have GAM, Engelen MPKJ, Deutz NEP. Transorgan short-chain fatty acid fluxes in the fasted and postprandial state in the pig. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E665-E673. [PMID: 34605248 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00121.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate, butyrate, isovalerate, and valerate are end products of intestinal bacterial fermentation and important mediators in the interplay between the intestine and peripheral organs. To unravel the transorgan fluxes and mass balance comparisons of SCFAs, we measured their net fluxes across several organs in a translational pig model. In multicatheterized conscious pigs [n = 12, 25.6 (95% CI [24.2, 26.9]) kg, 8-12 wk old], SCFA fluxes across portal-drained viscera (PDV), liver, kidneys, and hindquarter (muscle compartment) were measured after an overnight fast and in the postprandial state, 4 h after administration of a fiber-free, mixed meal. PDV was the main releasing compartment of acetate, propionate, butyrate, isovalerate, and valerate during fasting and in the postprandial state (all P = 0.001). Splanchnic acetate release was high due to the absence of hepatic clearance. All other SCFAs were extensively taken up by the liver (all P < 0.05). Even though only 7% [4, 10] (propionate), 42% [23, 60] (butyrate), 26% [12, 39] (isovalerate), and 3% [0.4, 5] (valerate) of PDV release were excreted from the splanchnic area in the fasted state, splanchnic release of all SCFAs was significant (all P values ≤0.01). Splanchnic propionate, butyrate, isovalerate, and valerate release remained low but significant in the postprandial state (all P values <0.01). We identified muscle and kidneys as main peripheral SCFA metabolizing organs, taking up the majority of all splanchnically released SCFAs in the fasted state and in the postprandial state. We conclude that the PDV is the main SCFA releasing and the liver the main SCFA metabolizing organ. Splanchnically released SCFAs appear to be important energy substrates to peripheral organs not only in the fasted but also in the postprandial state.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using a multicatheterized pig model, we identified the portal-drained viscera as the main releasing compartment of the short-chain fatty acids acetate, propionate, butyrate, isovalerate, and valerate in the fasted and postprandial states. Low hepatic acetate metabolism resulted in a high splanchnic release, whereas all other SCFAs were extensively cleared resulting in low but significant splanchnic releases. Muscle and kidneys are the main peripheral SCFA metabolizing organs during fasting and in the postprandial state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Kirschner
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Gabriëlla A M Ten Have
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Mariëlle P K J Engelen
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Nicolaas E P Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Aoki R, Onuki M, Hattori K, Ito M, Yamada T, Kamikado K, Kim YG, Nakamoto N, Kimura I, Clarke JM, Kanai T, Hase K. Commensal microbe-derived acetate suppresses NAFLD/NASH development via hepatic FFAR2 signalling in mice. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:188. [PMID: 34530928 PMCID: PMC8447789 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, and it can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Alterations in the gut microbiome have been implicated in the development of NAFLD/NASH, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. RESULTS We found that the consumption of the prebiotic inulin markedly ameliorated the phenotype of NAFLD/NASH, including hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, in mice. Inulin consumption resulted in global changes in the gut microbiome, including concomitant enrichment of the genera Bacteroides and Blautia, and increased concentrations of short-chain fatty acids, particularly acetate, in the gut lumen and portal blood. The consumption of acetate-releasing resistant starch protected against NAFLD development. Colonisation by Bacteroides acidifaciens and Blautia producta in germ-free mice resulted in synergetic effects on acetate production from inulin. Furthermore, the absence of free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2), an acetate receptor, abolished the protective effect of inulin, as indicated by the more severe liver hypertrophy, hypercholesterolaemia and inflammation. These effects can be attributed to an exacerbation of insulin resistance in the liver, but not in muscle or adipose tissue. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated that the commensal microbiome-acetate-FFAR2 molecular circuit improves insulin sensitivity in the liver and prevents the development of NAFLD/NASH. Video abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Aoki
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Osaka, 555-8502, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Onuki
- Division of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science and Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Koya Hattori
- Division of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science and Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Masato Ito
- Division of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science and Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamada
- Division of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science and Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kohei Kamikado
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Osaka, 555-8502, Japan
| | - Yun-Gi Kim
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kimura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Julie M Clarke
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science and Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
- International Research and Development Centre for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cunningham AL, Stephens JW, Harris DA. Gut microbiota influence in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Gut Pathog 2021; 13:50. [PMID: 34362432 PMCID: PMC8343927 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-021-00446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A strong and expanding evidence base supports the influence of gut microbiota in human metabolism. Altered glucose homeostasis is associated with altered gut microbiota, and is clearly associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated complications. Understanding the causal association between gut microbiota and metabolic risk has the potential role of identifying susceptible individuals to allow early targeted intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L Cunningham
- Department of Surgery, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, SA2 8QA, Wales. .,School of Medicine, Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science 2, Swansea, SA2 8QA, Wales.
| | - J W Stephens
- Department of Surgery, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, SA2 8QA, Wales.,School of Medicine, Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science 2, Swansea, SA2 8QA, Wales
| | - D A Harris
- Department of Surgery, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, SA2 8QA, Wales.,School of Medicine, Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science 2, Swansea, SA2 8QA, Wales
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Milošević M, Arsić A, Cvetković Z, Vučić V. Memorable Food: Fighting Age-Related Neurodegeneration by Precision Nutrition. Front Nutr 2021; 8:688086. [PMID: 34422879 PMCID: PMC8374314 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.688086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare systems worldwide are seriously challenged by a rising prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), which mostly, but not exclusively, affect the ever-growing population of the elderly. The most known neurodegenerative diseases are Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, but some viral infections of the brain and traumatic brain injury may also cause NDD. Typical for NDD are the malfunctioning of neurons and their irreversible loss, which often progress irreversibly to dementia and ultimately to death. Numerous factors are involved in the pathogenesis of NDD: genetic variability, epigenetic changes, extent of oxidative/nitrosative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA damage. The complex interplay of all the above-mentioned factors may be a fingerprint of neurodegeneration, with different diseases being affected to different extents by particular factors. There is a voluminous body of evidence showing the benefits of regular exercise to brain health and cognitive functions. Moreover, the importance of a healthy diet, balanced in macro- and micro-nutrients, in preventing neurodegeneration and slowing down a progression to full-blown disease is evident. Individuals affected by NDD almost inevitably have low-grade inflammation and anomalies in lipid metabolism. Metabolic and lipid profiles in NDD can be improved by the Mediterranean diet. Many studies have associated the Mediterranean diet with a decreased risk of dementia and AD, but a cause-and-effect relationship has not been deduced. Studies with caloric restriction showed neuroprotective effects in animal models, but the results in humans are inconsistent. The pathologies of NDD are complex and there is a great inter-individual (epi)genetic variance within any population. Furthermore, the gut microbiome, being deeply involved in nutrient uptake and lipid metabolism, also represents a pillar of the gut microbiome-brain axis and is linked with the pathogenesis of NDD. Numerous studies on the role of different micronutrients (omega-3 fatty acids, bioactive polyphenols from fruit and medicinal plants) in the prevention, prediction, and treatment of NDD have been conducted, but we are still far away from a personalized diet plan for individual NDD patients. For this to be realized, large-scale cohorts that would include the precise monitoring of food intake, mapping of genetic variants, epigenetic data, microbiome studies, and metabolome, lipidome, and transcriptome data are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Milošević
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Arsić
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Cvetković
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Vučić
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang YJ, Kim DJ. An Overview of the Molecular Mechanisms Contributing to Musculoskeletal Disorders in Chronic Liver Disease: Osteoporosis, Sarcopenia, and Osteoporotic Sarcopenia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052604. [PMID: 33807573 PMCID: PMC7961345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia is significantly higher in patients with liver disease than in those without liver disease and osteoporosis and sarcopenia negatively influence morbidity and mortality in liver disease, yet these musculoskeletal disorders are frequently overlooked in clinical practice for patients with chronic liver disease. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of musculoskeletal disorders accompanying the pathogenesis of liver disease. The increased bone resorption through the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa (RANK)-RANK ligand (RANKL)-osteoprotegerin (OPG) system and upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and decreased bone formation through increased bilirubin and sclerostin and lower insulin-like growth factor-1 are important mechanisms for osteoporosis in patients with liver disease. Sarcopenia is associated with insulin resistance and obesity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, whereas hyperammonemia, low amount of branched chain amino acids, and hypogonadism contributes to sarcopenia in liver cirrhosis. The bidirectional crosstalk between muscle and bone through myostatin, irisin, β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), osteocalcin, as well as the activation of the RANK and the Wnt/β-catenin pathways are associated with osteosarcopenia. The increased understandings for these musculoskeletal disorders would be contributes to the development of effective therapies targeting the pathophysiological mechanism involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Joo Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon 24252, Korea;
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon 24253, Korea
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon 24252, Korea;
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon 24253, Korea
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhao M, Chen S, Ji X, Shen X, You J, Liang X, Yin H, Zhao L. Current innovations in nutraceuticals and functional foods for intervention of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Pharmacol Res 2021; 166:105517. [PMID: 33636349 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As innovations in global agricultural production and food trading systems lead to major dietary shifts, high morbidity rates from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), accompanied by elevated risk of lipid metabolism-related complications, has emerged as a growing problem worldwide. Treatment and prevention of NAFLD and chronic liver disease depends on the availability of safe, effective, and diverse therapeutic agents, the development of which is urgently needed. Supported by a growing body of evidence, considerable attention is now focused on interventional approaches that combines nutraceuticals and functional foods. In this review, we summarize the pathological progression of NAFLD and discuss the beneficial effects of nutraceuticals and the active ingredients in functional foods. We also describe the underlying mechanisms of these compounds in the intervention of NAFLD, including their effects on regulation of lipid homeostasis, activation of signaling pathways, and their role in gut microbial community dynamics and the gut-liver axis. In order to identify novel targets for treatment of lipid metabolism-related diseases, this work broadly explores the molecular mechanism linking nutraceuticals and functional foods, host physiology, and gut microbiota. Additionally, the limitations in existing knowledge and promising research areas for development of active interventions and treatments against NAFLD are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Zhao
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shumin Chen
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaoguo Ji
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xin Shen
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiangshan You
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xinyi Liang
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Organ Transplant Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Liming Zhao
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Life Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yip W, Hughes MR, Li Y, Cait A, Hirst M, Mohn WW, McNagny KM. Butyrate Shapes Immune Cell Fate and Function in Allergic Asthma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:628453. [PMID: 33659009 PMCID: PMC7917140 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.628453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome plays a fundamental role in how the immune system develops and how inflammatory responses are shaped and regulated. The “gut-lung axis” is a relatively new term that highlights a crucial biological crosstalk between the intestinal microbiome and lung. A growing body of literature suggests that dysbiosis, perturbation of the gut microbiome, is a driving force behind the development, and severity of allergic asthma. Animal models have given researchers new insights into how gut microbe-derived components and metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), influence the development of asthma. While the full understanding of how SCFAs influence allergic airway disease remains obscure, a recurring theme of epigenetic regulation of gene expression in several immune cell compartments is emerging. This review will address our current understanding of how SCFAs, and specifically butyrate, orchestrates cell behavior, and epigenetic changes and will provide a detailed overview of the effects of these modifications on immune cells in the context of allergic airway disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Yip
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,The Biomedical Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R Hughes
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,The Biomedical Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yicong Li
- The Biomedical Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alissa Cait
- Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin Hirst
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William W Mohn
- Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,The Biomedical Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sarcopenic Obesity in Liver Cirrhosis: Possible Mechanism and Clinical Impact. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041917. [PMID: 33671926 PMCID: PMC7919019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The picture of chronic liver diseases (CLDs) has changed considerably in recent years. One of them is the increase of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. More and more CLD patients, even those with liver cirrhosis (LC), tend to be presenting with obesity these days. The annual rate of muscle loss increases with worsening liver reserve, and thus LC patients are more likely to complicate with sarcopenia. LC is also characterized by protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). Since the PEM in LC can be invariable, the patients probably present with sarcopenic obesity (Sa-O), which involves both sarcopenia and obesity. Currently, there is no mention of Sa-O in the guidelines; however, the rapidly increasing prevalence and poorer clinical consequences of Sa-O are recognized as an important public health problem, and the diagnostic value of Sa-O is expected to increase in the future. Sa-O involves a complex interplay of physiological mechanisms, including increased inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, hormonal disorders, and decline of physical activity. The pathogenesis of Sa-O in LC is diverse, with a lot of perturbations in the muscle-liver-adipose tissue axis. Here, we overview the current knowledge of Sa-O, especially focusing on LC.
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang RX, Henen MA, Lee JS, Vögeli B, Colgan SP. Microbiota-derived butyrate is an endogenous HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1938380. [PMID: 34190032 PMCID: PMC8253137 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1938380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is essential for human health. Microbial supply of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly butyrate, is a well-established contributor to gut homeostasis and disease resistance. Reaching millimolar luminal concentrations, butyrate is sequestered and utilized in the colon as the favored energy source for intestinal epithelia. Given the steep oxygen gradient across the anoxic lumen and the highly oxygenated lamina propria, the colon provides a particularly interesting environment to study oxygen sensing. Previous studies have shown that the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is stabilized in healthy colonic epithelia. Here we show that butyrate directly inhibits HIF prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) to stabilize HIF. We find that butyrate stabilizes HIF in vitro despite eliminating β-oxidation and resultant oxygen consumption. Using recombinant PHD protein in combination with nuclear magnetic resonance and enzymatic biochemical assays, we identify butyrate to bind and function as a unique, noncompetitive inhibitor of PHDs relative to other SCFAs. Butyrate inhibited PHD with a noncompetitive Ki of 5.3 ± 0.5 mM, a physiologically relevant concentration. We also confirm that microbiota-derived butyrate is necessary to stabilize HIF in mice colonic tissue through antibiotic-induced butyrate depletion and reconstitution experiments. Our results suggest that the co-evolution of mammals and mutualistic microbiota has selected for butyrate to impact a critical gene regulation pathway that can be extended beyond the mammalian gut. As PHDs are a major target for drug development in the stabilization of HIF, butyrate holds great potential as a well-tolerated endogenous inhibitor with far-reaching therapeutic impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth X. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- School of Medicine, Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Morkos A. Henen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - J. Scott Lee
- Department of Medicine, Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Beat Vögeli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sean P. Colgan
- Department of Medicine, Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mei F, Duan Z, Chen M, Lu J, Zhao M, Li L, Shen X, Xia G, Chen S. Effect of a high-collagen peptide diet on the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid metabolism. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
24
|
Tu MY, Han KY, Chang GRL, Lai GD, Chang KY, Chen CF, Lai JC, Lai CY, Chen HL, Chen CM. Kefir Peptides Prevent Estrogen Deficiency-Induced Bone Loss and Modulate the Structure of the Gut Microbiota in Ovariectomized Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113432. [PMID: 33182364 PMCID: PMC7695289 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major skeletal disease associated with estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women. Kefir-fermented peptides (KPs) are bioactive peptides with health-promoting benefits that are produced from the degradation of dairy milk proteins by the probiotic microflora in kefir grains. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of KPs on osteoporosis prevention and the modulation of the composition of the gut microbiota in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. OVX mice receiving an 8-week oral gavage of 100 mg of KPs and 100 mg of KPs + 10 mg Ca exhibited lower trabecular separation (Tb. Sp), and higher bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular number (Tb. N) and bone volume (BV/TV), than OVX groups receiving Ca alone and untreated mice, and these effects were also reflected in bones with better mechanical properties of strength and fracture toughness. The gut microbiota of the cecal contents was examined by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. α-Diversity analysis indicated that the gut microbiota of OVX mice was enriched more than that of sham mice, but the diversity was not changed significantly. Treatment with KPs caused increased microbiota richness and diversity in OVX mice compared with those in sham mice. The microbiota composition changed markedly in OVX mice compared with that in sham mice. Following the oral administration of KPs for 8 weeks, the abundances of Alloprevotella, Anaerostipes, Parasutterella, Romboutsia, Ruminococcus_1 and Streptococcus genera were restored to levels close to those in the sham group. However, the correlation of these bacterial populations with bone metabolism needs further investigation. Taken together, KPs prevent menopausal osteoporosis and mildly modulate the structure of the gut microbiota in OVX mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yu Tu
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-Y.T.); (G.R.-L.C.); (G.-D.L.); (C.-F.C.); (J.-C.L.)
- Aviation Physiology Research Laboratory, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital Gangshan Branch, Kaohsiung 820, Taiwan
- Department of Health Business Administration, Meiho University, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Yang Han
- Department of Family Medicine, Jen-Ai Hospital, Dali Branch, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (K.-Y.H.); (K.-Y.C.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jen-Ai Hospital, Dali Branch, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Gary Ro-Lin Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-Y.T.); (G.R.-L.C.); (G.-D.L.); (C.-F.C.); (J.-C.L.)
| | - Guan-Da Lai
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-Y.T.); (G.R.-L.C.); (G.-D.L.); (C.-F.C.); (J.-C.L.)
| | - Ku-Yi Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, Jen-Ai Hospital, Dali Branch, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (K.-Y.H.); (K.-Y.C.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jen-Ai Hospital, Dali Branch, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung 411, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Fu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-Y.T.); (G.R.-L.C.); (G.-D.L.); (C.-F.C.); (J.-C.L.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung 411, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chieh Lai
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-Y.T.); (G.R.-L.C.); (G.-D.L.); (C.-F.C.); (J.-C.L.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung 411, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Lai
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiao-Ling Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 515, Taiwan;
- Department of Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 515, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-Y.T.); (G.R.-L.C.); (G.-D.L.); (C.-F.C.); (J.-C.L.)
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2285-6309
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Butyrate generated by gut microbiota and its therapeutic role in metabolic syndrome. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105174. [PMID: 32860943 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the associated incidence of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes represents a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by the gut microbiome, has long been known to promote growth in farmed animals and more recently has been reported to improve body weight and composition, lipid profile, insulin sensitivity and glycaemia in animal models of MetS. In vitro studies have examined the influence of butyrate on intestinal cells, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, hepatocytes, pancreatic islets and blood vessels, highlighting genes and pathways that may contribute to its beneficial effects. Butyrate's influences in these cells have been attributed primarily to its epigenetic effects as a histone deacetylase inhibitor, as well as its role as an agonist of free fatty acid receptors, but clear mechanistic evidence is lacking. There is also uncertainty whether results from animal studies can translate to human trials due to butyrate's poor systemic availability and rapid clearance. Hitherto, several small-scale human clinical trials have failed to show significant benefits in MetS patients. Further trials are clearly needed, including with formulations designed to improve butyrate's availability. Regardless, dietary intervention to increase the rate of butyrate production may be a beneficial addition to current treatment. This review outlines the current body of evidence on the suitability of butyrate supplementation for MetS, looking at mechanistic effects on the various components of MetS and highlighting gaps in the knowledge and roadblocks to its use in humans.
Collapse
|
26
|
Hu Y, Chen D, Yu B, Yan H, Zheng P, Mao X, Yu J, He J, Huang Z, Luo Y, Luo J, Zhang X, Luo L. Effects of dietary fibres on gut microbial metabolites and liver lipid metabolism in growing pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:1484-1493. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaolian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease‐Resistant Nutrition Ministry of Education Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Ya’an People’s Republic of China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease‐Resistant Nutrition Ministry of Education Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Ya’an People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease‐Resistant Nutrition Ministry of Education Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Ya’an People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease‐Resistant Nutrition Ministry of Education Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Ya’an People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease‐Resistant Nutrition Ministry of Education Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Ya’an People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease‐Resistant Nutrition Ministry of Education Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Ya’an People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease‐Resistant Nutrition Ministry of Education Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Ya’an People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease‐Resistant Nutrition Ministry of Education Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Ya’an People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease‐Resistant Nutrition Ministry of Education Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Ya’an People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease‐Resistant Nutrition Ministry of Education Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Ya’an People’s Republic of China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease‐Resistant Nutrition Ministry of Education Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Ya’an People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease‐Resistant Nutrition Ministry of Education Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Ya’an People’s Republic of China
| | - Luhong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease‐Resistant Nutrition Ministry of Education Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Ya’an People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nishikawa H, Enomoto H, Nishiguchi S, Iijima H. Liver Cirrhosis and Sarcopenia from the Viewpoint of Dysbiosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5254. [PMID: 32722100 PMCID: PMC7432211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) has been attracting much attention these days because of the close linkage to adverse outcomes. LC can be related to secondary sarcopenia due to protein metabolic disorders and energy metabolic disorders. LC is associated with profound alterations in gut microbiota and injuries at the different levels of defensive mechanisms of the intestinal barrier. Dysbiosis refers to a state in which the diversity of gut microbiota is decreased by decreasing the bacterial species and the number of bacteria that compose the gut microbiota. The severe disturbance of intestinal barrier in LC can result in dysbiosis, several bacterial infections, LC-related complications, and sarcopenia. Here in this review, we will summarize the current knowledge of the relationship between sarcopenia and dysbiosis in patients with LC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nishikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 6638136, Japan; (H.E.); (H.I.)
- Center for Clinical Research and Education, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 6638136, Japan
| | - Hirayuki Enomoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 6638136, Japan; (H.E.); (H.I.)
| | | | - Hiroko Iijima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 6638136, Japan; (H.E.); (H.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ma S, Qin J, Hao Y, Shi Y, Fu L. Structural and functional changes of gut microbiota in ovariectomized rats and their correlations with altered bone mass. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:10736-10753. [PMID: 32484785 PMCID: PMC7346027 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As a critical factor involved in the maintenance of physiological homeostasis, the gut microbiota (GM) reportedly plays a key role in bone development. To date, the association between the GM and steroid deficiency-induced osteoporosis remains poorly understood. Forty female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into an ovariectomy (OVX) or control group. We performed 16S rRNA and metagenome sequencing, to compare diversity, taxonomic differences, and functional genes. The GM composition did not change in the control group and the number of operational taxonomic units increased significantly following ovariectomy. Alpha diversity, determined by ACE estimator, CHAO estimator, the Shannon index, and the Simpson index showed an increasing trend after ovariectomy. Samples in the OVX group were well clustered both pre- and post-ovariectomy, as demonstrated by principal coordinate 1 (PC1) and PC2. Functional genes of GM, including those involved in synthesis and metabolism of carbohydrates and nucleotides, microbial structure, and heme, as well as hemin uptake and utilization, increased at the early stage of osteoporosis. We observed that Ruminococcus flavefaciens exhibited the greatest variation in abundance among the GM and this was also associated with osteoclastic indicators and the estrobolome. Specific changes in fecal microbiota are associated with the pathogenesis of steroid deficiency-induced osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhong Qin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongqiang Hao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingjie Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Proteomic analysis of sheep uterus reveals its role in prolificacy. J Proteomics 2019; 210:103526. [PMID: 31605788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Small Tail Han sheep have attracted attention for their high fecundity and year-round estrus. However, the molecular mechanisms of this fecundity are unknown. Polymorphism of the FecB gene has been shown to be associated with the ovulation rate and litter size in sheep. In this study, we used tandem mass tag quantitative proteomic techniques to identify the differentially abundant proteins in polytocous and monotocous Small Tail Han sheep (FecB++) uterine tissues in the follicular and luteal phases. In total, 41 and 43 differentially abundant proteins were identified in the follicular and luteal phases, respectively. Correlation analysis between the transcriptome and proteome revealed a positive correlation at the two omics levels of prolificacy. GO and KEGG pathway analyses indicated that the mRNAs and proteins upregulated in the polytocous group relative to the monotocous group are involved in sphingolipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism, and may be important in maintaining uterine functions and increasing the embryo survival rate during the estrus cycle of polytocous sheep. In conclusion, our work provides a prospective understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the high prolificacy of Small Tail Han sheep. SIGNIFICANCE: Fecundity critically affects the profitability of sheep production, but the genetic mechanism of high-prolificacy is still unclear in sheep. We identified potential signaling pathways and differentially abundant proteins associated with reproductive performance through a combination of sheep uterus tissues proteome and transcriptome analyses. These findings will facilitate a better revealing the mechanism and provide possible targets for molecular design breeding for the formation of polytocous traits in sheep.
Collapse
|
30
|
Yamamura R, Nakamura K, Kitada N, Aizawa T, Shimizu Y, Nakamura K, Ayabe T, Kimura T, Tamakoshi A. Associations of gut microbiota, dietary intake, and serum short-chain fatty acids with fecal short-chain fatty acids. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2019; 39:11-17. [PMID: 32010539 PMCID: PMC6971417 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.19-010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been reported to play an important role in maintaining human health. Fecal SCFA concentrations correlate well with colonic SCFA status
and gut microbiota composition. However, the associations with the gut microbiota functional pathway, dietary intake, blood SCFAs, and fecal SCFAs remain uncertain. To clarify these
relationships, we collected fecal samples, blood samples, and dietary habit data from 12 healthy adults aged 22–51 years. The relative abundance of several SCFA-producing bacteria, gut
microbiota diversity, and functional pathways related to SCFA biosynthesis were positively associated with fecal SCFAs even after adjusting for age and sex. Furthermore, fecal acetate was
likely to be positively associated with serum acetate. By contrast, dietary intake was not associated with fecal SCFAs. Overall, the present study highlights the potential usefulness of
fecal SCFAs as an indicator of the gut microbiota ecosystem and dynamics of SCFAs in the human body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryodai Yamamura
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Koshi Nakamura
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Naoya Kitada
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, N10, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Aizawa
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N10, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yu Shimizu
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, N10, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kiminori Nakamura
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N10, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tokiyoshi Ayabe
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N10, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takashi Kimura
- Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Castillo X, Castro-Obregón S, Gutiérrez-Becker B, Gutiérrez-Ospina G, Karalis N, Khalil AA, Lopez-Noguerola JS, Rodríguez LL, Martínez-Martínez E, Perez-Cruz C, Pérez-Velázquez J, Piña AL, Rubio K, García HPS, Syeda T, Vanoye-Carlo A, Villringer A, Winek K, Zille M. Re-thinking the Etiological Framework of Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:728. [PMID: 31396030 PMCID: PMC6667555 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are among the leading causes of disability and death worldwide. The disease-related socioeconomic burden is expected to increase with the steadily increasing life expectancy. In spite of decades of clinical and basic research, most strategies designed to manage degenerative brain diseases are palliative. This is not surprising as neurodegeneration progresses "silently" for decades before symptoms are noticed. Importantly, conceptual models with heuristic value used to study neurodegeneration have been constructed retrospectively, based on signs and symptoms already present in affected patients; a circumstance that may confound causes and consequences. Hence, innovative, paradigm-shifting views of the etiology of these diseases are necessary to enable their timely prevention and treatment. Here, we outline four alternative views, not mutually exclusive, on different etiological paths toward neurodegeneration. First, we propose neurodegeneration as being a secondary outcome of a primary cardiovascular cause with vascular pathology disrupting the vital homeostatic interactions between the vasculature and the brain, resulting in cognitive impairment, dementia, and cerebrovascular events such as stroke. Second, we suggest that the persistence of senescent cells in neuronal circuits may favor, together with systemic metabolic diseases, neurodegeneration to occur. Third, we argue that neurodegeneration may start in response to altered body and brain trophic interactions established via the hardwire that connects peripheral targets with central neuronal structures or by means of extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated communication. Lastly, we elaborate on how lifespan body dysbiosis may be linked to the origin of neurodegeneration. We highlight the existence of bacterial products that modulate the gut-brain axis causing neuroinflammation and neuronal dysfunction. As a concluding section, we end by recommending research avenues to investigate these etiological paths in the future. We think that this requires an integrated, interdisciplinary conceptual research approach based on the investigation of the multimodal aspects of physiology and pathophysiology. It involves utilizing proper conceptual models, experimental animal units, and identifying currently unused opportunities derived from human data. Overall, the proposed etiological paths and experimental recommendations will be important guidelines for future cross-discipline research to overcome the translational roadblock and to develop causative treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Castillo
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Susana Castro-Obregón
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Benjamin Gutiérrez-Becker
- Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging KJP, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriel Gutiérrez-Ospina
- Laboratorio de Biología de Sistemas, Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Coordinación de Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nikolaos Karalis
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed A. Khalil
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Liliana Lozano Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Martínez
- Cell Communication & Extracellular Vesicles Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Perez-Cruz
- National Polytechnic Institute, Center of Research in Advanced Studies, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Judith Pérez-Velázquez
- Departamento de Matemáticas y Mecánica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Mathematische Modellierung Biologischer Systeme, Fakultät für Mathematik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ana Luisa Piña
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karla Rubio
- Lung Cancer Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | | | - Tauqeerunnisa Syeda
- National Polytechnic Institute, Center of Research in Advanced Studies, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - America Vanoye-Carlo
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arno Villringer
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Winek
- The Shimon Peres Postdoctoral Fellow at the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marietta Zille
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology and Cell Technology, Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that the gut microbiome is involved in the aetiology of obesity and obesity-related complications such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The gut microbiota is able to ferment indigestible carbohydrates (for example, dietary fibre), thereby yielding important metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and succinate. Numerous animal studies and a handful of human studies suggest a beneficial role of these metabolites in the prevention and treatment of obesity and its comorbidities. Interestingly, the more distal colonic microbiota primarily ferments peptides and proteins, as availability of fermentable fibre, the major energy source for the microbiota, is limited here. This proteolytic fermentation yields mainly harmful products such as ammonia, phenols and branched-chain fatty acids, which might be detrimental for host gut and metabolic health. Therefore, a switch from proteolytic to saccharolytic fermentation could be of major interest for the prevention and/or treatment of metabolic diseases. This Review focuses on the role of products derived from microbial carbohydrate and protein fermentation in relation to obesity and obesity-associated insulin resistance, T2DM and NAFLD, and discusses the mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel E Canfora
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ruth C R Meex
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Koen Venema
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abdul Rahim MBH, Chilloux J, Martinez-Gili L, Neves AL, Myridakis A, Gooderham N, Dumas ME. Diet-induced metabolic changes of the human gut microbiome: importance of short-chain fatty acids, methylamines and indoles. Acta Diabetol 2019; 56:493-500. [PMID: 30903435 PMCID: PMC6451719 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-019-01312-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human gut is a home for more than 100 trillion bacteria, far more than all other microbial populations resident on the body's surface. The human gut microbiome is considered as a microbial organ symbiotically operating within the host. It is a collection of different cell lineages that are capable of communicating with each other and the host and has an ability to undergo self-replication for its repair and maintenance. As the gut microbiota is involved in many host processes including growth and development, an imbalance in its ecological composition may lead to disease and dysfunction in the human. Gut microbial degradation of nutrients produces bioactive metabolites that bind target receptors, activating signalling cascades, and modulating host metabolism. This review covers current findings on the nutritional and pharmacological roles of selective gut microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, methylamines and indoles, as well as discussing nutritional interventions to modulate the microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Badrin Hanizam Abdul Rahim
- Division of Systems and Digestive Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Julien Chilloux
- Division of Systems and Digestive Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Laura Martinez-Gili
- Division of Systems and Digestive Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ana L Neves
- Division of Systems and Digestive Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Antonis Myridakis
- Division of Systems and Digestive Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Nigel Gooderham
- Division of Systems and Digestive Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Marc-Emmanuel Dumas
- Division of Systems and Digestive Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hu J, Lin S, Zheng B, Cheung PCK. Short-chain fatty acids in control of energy metabolism. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1243-1249. [PMID: 27786539 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1245650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially acetate, propionate and butyrate, are the end products from the intestinal microbial fermentation of dietary fibers and resistant starch. It has been well documented that plasma and colonic SCFAs are associated with metabolic syndromes. Recently, the involvement of SCFAs in energy homeostasis regulation has been extensively studied. The importance of SCFAs on energy metabolism has highlighted the potential of modulating SCFAs as a nutritional target to prevent and counteract metabolism disorders and its associated diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about the biological properties of SCFAs with their impact on the energy homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamiao Hu
- a College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian , P.R. China.,b Translational & Experimental Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School , University of Warwick , Coventry , UK
| | - Shaoling Lin
- a College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian , P.R. China
| | - Baodong Zheng
- a College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian , P.R. China
| | - Peter C K Cheung
- c School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories , Hong Kong SAR
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yoshimura Y, Araki A, Maruta H, Takahashi Y, Yamashita H. Molecular cloning of rat acss3 and characterization of mammalian propionyl-CoA synthetase in the liver mitochondrial matrix. J Biochem 2017; 161:279-289. [PMID: 28003429 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvw067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the three acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family members (ACSS), ACSS3 is poorly characterized. To characterize ACSS3, we performed molecular cloning and protein expression of rat acss3 and determined its intracellular localization, tissue distribution, and substrate specificity. Transient expression of rat ACSS3 in HeLa cells resulted in a 10-fold increase of acetyl-CoA synthetase activity compared with that in control cells. The acss3 transcripts are expressed in a wide range of tissues, with the highest levels observed in liver tissue followed by kidney tissue. Subcellular fractionation using liver tissue showed that ACSS3 is localized into the mitochondrial matrix. Among the short-chain fatty acids examined, recombinant ACSS3, purified from Escherichia coli cells transformed with the plasmid containing rat acss3, preferentially utilized propionate with a KM value of 0.19 mM. Knockdown of acss3 in HepG2 cells resulted in a significant decrease of ACSS3 expression level and propionyl-CoA synthetase activity in cell lysates. Levels of ACSS3 in the liver and the activity of propionyl-CoA synthetase in the mitochondria were significantly increased by fasting. These results suggested that ACSS3 is a liver mitochondrial matrix enzyme with high affinity to propionic acid, and its expression level is upregulated under ketogenic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Yoshimura
- Department of Nutritional Science Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja-shi, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Aya Araki
- Department of Nutritional Science Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja-shi, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Hitomi Maruta
- Department of Nutritional Science Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja-shi, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Takahashi
- Department of Nutritional Science Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja-shi, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yamashita
- Department of Nutritional Science Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja-shi, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Remote Sensing between Liver and Intestine: Importance of Microbial Metabolites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3:101-113. [PMID: 28983453 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-017-0087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent technological advancements including metagenomics sequencing and metabolomics have allowed the discovery of critical functions of gut microbiota in obesity, malnutrition, neurological disorders, asthma, and xenobiotic metabolism. Classification of the human gut microbiome into distinct "enterotypes" has been proposed to serve as a new paradigm for understanding the interplay between microbial variation and human disease phenotypes, as many organs are affected by gut microbiota modifications during the pathogenesis of diseases. Gut microbiota remotely interacts with liver and other metabolic organs of the host through various microbial metabolites that are absorbed into the systemic circulation. PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present review summarizes recent literature regarding the importance of gut microbiota in modulating the physiological and pathological responses of various host organs, and describes the functions of the known microbial metabolites that are involved in this remote sensing process, with a primary focus on the gut microbiota-liver axis. RECENT FINDINGS Under physiological conditions, gut microbiota modulates the hepatic transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome, most notably down-regulating cytochrome P450 3a mediated xenobiotic metabolism. Gut microbiome also modulates the rhythmicity in liver gene expression, likely through microbial metabolites, such as butyrate and propionate that serve as epigenetic modifiers. Additionally, the production of host hormones such as primary bile acids and glucagon like peptide 1 is altered by gut microbiota to modify intermediary metabolism of the host. SUMMARY Dysregulation of gut microbiota is implicated in various liver diseases such as alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver cirrhosis, cholangitis, and liver cancer. Gut microbiota modifiers such as probiotics and prebiotics are increasingly recognized as novel therapeutic modalities for liver and other types of human diseases.
Collapse
|
37
|
Wei X, Jiang S, Zhao X, Li H, Lin W, Li B, Lu J, Sun Y, Yuan J. Community-Metabolome Correlations of Gut Microbiota from Child-Turcotte-Pugh of A and B Patients. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1856. [PMID: 27899923 PMCID: PMC5110571 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut flora are widely involved in the cometabolism with the host and have evident effects on the metabolic phenotype of host. This study performed a metabolome analysis of the intestinal microbiota specific for liver cirrhosis. The study population included patients with Child-Turcotte-Pugh score of A (AP, n = 5) and B (BP, n = 5), and control subjects (NM, n = 3). Metagenomic DNA from fecal microbiota was extracted followed by metagenomic sequencing through Illumina MiSeq high throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA regions. The detection of metabolites from fecal samples was performed using high-performance liquid phase chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Intestinal microbiota community and metabolite analysis both showed separation of cirrhotic patients from control participants, moreover, the microbiota–metabolite correlations changed in cirrhotic patients. Fecal microbiota from cirrhotic patients, with the reduced diversity, contained a decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes and an increased abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria compared with the normal samples. Analysis of metabolome revealed a remarkable change in the metabolic potential of the microbiota in cirrhotic patients, with specific higher concentrations of amine, unsaturated fatty acid, and short-chain fatty acids, and lower concentrations of sugar alcohol and amino acid, suggesting the initial equilibrium of gut microbiota community and co-metabolism with the host were perturbed by cirrhosis. Our study illustrated the relationship between fecal microbiota composition and metabolome in cirrhotic patients, which may improve the clinical prognosis of cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wei
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Fengtai District Beijing, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Fengtai District Beijing, China
| | - Xiangna Zhao
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Fengtai District Beijing, China
| | - Huan Li
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Fengtai District Beijing, China
| | - Weishi Lin
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Fengtai District Beijing, China
| | - Boxing Li
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Fengtai District Beijing, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Fengtai District Beijing, China
| | - Yansong Sun
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Fengtai District Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Fengtai District Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ktsoyan ZA, Mkrtchyan MS, Zakharyan MK, Mnatsakanyan AA, Arakelova KA, Gevorgyan ZU, Sedrakyan AM, Hovhannisyan AI, Arakelyan AA, Aminov RI. Systemic Concentrations of Short Chain Fatty Acids Are Elevated in Salmonellosis and Exacerbation of Familial Mediterranean Fever. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:776. [PMID: 27252692 PMCID: PMC4877380 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota-produced short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play an important role in the normal human metabolism and physiology. Although the gradients of SCFAs from the large intestine, where they are largely produced, to the peripheral blood as well as the main routes of SCFA metabolism by different organs are known well for the healthy state, there is a paucity of information regarding how these are affected in disease. In particular, how the inflammation caused by infection or autoinflammatory disease affect the concentration of SCFAs in the peripheral venous blood. In this work, we revealed that diseases caused either by infectious agents (two Salmonella enterica serovars, S. Enteritidis, and S. Typhimurium) or by the exacerbation of an autoinflammatory disease, familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), both result in a significantly elevated systemic concentration of SCFAs. In the case of salmonellosis the concentration of SCFAs in peripheral blood was significantly and consistently higher, from 5- to 20-fold, compared to control. In the case of FMF, however, a significant increase of SCFAs in the peripheral venous blood was detected only in the acute phase of the disease, with a lesser impact in remission. It seems counterintuitive that the dysbiotic conditions, with a reduced number of gut microorganisms, produce such an effect. This phenomenon, however, must be appraised within the context of how the inflammatory diseases affect the normal physiology. We discuss a number of factors that may contribute to the “leak” and persistence of gut-produced SCFAs into the systemic circulation in infectious and autoinflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanna A Ktsoyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology of National Academy of Sciences of Republic of Armenia Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Mkhitar S Mkrtchyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology of National Academy of Sciences of Republic of Armenia Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Magdalina K Zakharyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology of National Academy of Sciences of Republic of Armenia Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Armine A Mnatsakanyan
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases Nork, Ministry of Health of Republic of Armenia Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Karine A Arakelova
- Institute of Molecular Biology of National Academy of Sciences of Republic of Armenia Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Zaruhi U Gevorgyan
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases Nork, Ministry of Health of Republic of Armenia Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Anahit M Sedrakyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology of National Academy of Sciences of Republic of Armenia Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Alvard I Hovhannisyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology of National Academy of Sciences of Republic of Armenia Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Arsen A Arakelyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology of National Academy of Sciences of Republic of Armenia Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Rustam I Aminov
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen Aberdeen, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Richards L, Li M, van Esch B, Garssen J, Folkerts G. The effects of short-chain fatty acids on the cardiovascular system. PHARMANUTRITION 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
40
|
Usami M, Miyoshi M, Yamashita H. Gut microbiota and host metabolism in liver cirrhosis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:11597-11608. [PMID: 26556989 PMCID: PMC4631963 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i41.11597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has the capacity to produce a diverse range of compounds that play a major role in regulating the activity of distal organs and the liver is strategically positioned downstream of the gut. Gut microbiota linked compounds such as short chain fatty acids, bile acids, choline metabolites, indole derivatives, vitamins, polyamines, lipids, neurotransmitters and neuroactive compounds, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hormones have many biological functions. This review focuses on the gut microbiota and host metabolism in liver cirrhosis. Dysbiosis in liver cirrhosis causes serious complications, such as bacteremia and hepatic encephalopathy, accompanied by small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and increased intestinal permeability. Gut dysbiosis in cirrhosis and intervention with probiotics and synbiotics in a clinical setting is reviewed and evaluated. Recent studies have revealed the relationship between gut microbiota and host metabolism in chronic metabolic liver disease, especially, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, and with the gut microbiota metabolic interactions in dysbiosis related metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. Recently, our understanding of the relationship between the gut and liver and how this regulates systemic metabolic changes in liver cirrhosis has increased. The serum lipid levels of phospholipids, free fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially, eicosapentaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid have significant correlations with specific fecal flora in liver cirrhosis. Many clinical and experimental reports support the relationship between fatty acid metabolism and gut-microbiota. Various blood metabolome such as cytokines, amino acids, and vitamins are correlated with gut microbiota in probiotics-treated liver cirrhosis patients. The future evaluation of the gut-microbiota-liver metabolic network and the intervention of these relationships using probiotics, synbiotics, and prebiotics, with sufficient nutrition could aid the development of treatments and prevention for liver cirrhosis patients.
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
The connection between the gut microbiota and the aetiology of obesity and cardiometabolic disorders is increasingly being recognized by clinicians. Our gut microbiota might affect the cardiometabolic phenotype by fermenting indigestible dietary components and thereby producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). These SCFA are not only of importance in gut health and as signalling molecules, but might also enter the systemic circulation and directly affect metabolism or the function of peripheral tissues. In this Review, we discuss the effects of three SCFA (acetate, propionate and butyrate) on energy homeostasis and metabolism, as well as how these SCFA can beneficially modulate adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver tissue function. As a result, these SCFA contribute to improved glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, we also summarize the increasing evidence for a potential role of SCFA as metabolic targets to prevent and counteract obesity and its associated disorders in glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. However, most data are derived from animal and in vitro studies, and consequently the importance of SCFA and differential SCFA availability in human energy and substrate metabolism remains to be fully established. Well-controlled human intervention studies investigating the role of SCFA on cardiometabolic health are, therefore, eagerly awaited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel E Canfora
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Johan W Jocken
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
van der Beek CM, Bloemen JG, van den Broek MA, Lenaerts K, Venema K, Buurman WA, Dejong CH. Hepatic Uptake of Rectally Administered Butyrate Prevents an Increase in Systemic Butyrate Concentrations in Humans. J Nutr 2015; 145:2019-24. [PMID: 26156796 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.211193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), fermentation products of undigested fibers, are considered beneficial for colonic health. High plasma concentrations are potentially harmful; therefore, information about systemic SCFA clearance is needed before therapeutic use of prebiotics or colonic SCFA administration. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rectal butyrate administration on SCFA interorgan exchange. METHODS Twelve patients (7 men; age: 66.4 ± 2.0 y; BMI 24.5 ± 1.4 kg/m(2)) undergoing upper abdominal surgery participated in this randomized placebo-controlled trial. During surgery, 1 group received a butyrate enema (100 mmol sodium butyrate/L; 60 mL; n = 7), and the other group a placebo (140 mmol 0.9% NaCl/L; 60 mL; n = 5). Before and 5, 15, and 30 min after administration, blood samples were taken from the radial artery, hepatic vein, and portal vein. Plasma SCFA concentrations were analyzed, and fluxes from portal-drained viscera, liver, and splanchnic area were calculated and used for the calculation of the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) over a 30-min period. RESULTS Rectal butyrate administration led to higher portal butyrate concentrations at 5 min compared with placebo (92.2 ± 27.0 μmol/L vs. 14.3 ± 3.4 μmol/L, respectively; P < 0.01). In the butyrate-treated group, iAUCs of gut release (282.8 ± 133.8 μmol/kg BW · 0.5 h) and liver uptake (-293.7 ± 136.0 μmol/kg BW · 0.5 h) of butyrate were greater than in the placebo group [-16.6 ± 13.4 μmol/kg BW · 0.5 h (gut release) and 16.0 ± 13.8 μmol/kg BW · 0.5 h (liver uptake); P = 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively]. As a result, splanchnic butyrate release did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION After colonic butyrate administration, splanchnic butyrate release was prevented in patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery. These observations imply that therapeutic colonic SCFA administration at this dose is safe. The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02271802.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina M van der Beek
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands; Top Institute Food & Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands; and
| | - Johanne G Bloemen
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands; Top Institute Food & Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands; and
| | - Maartje A van den Broek
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Kaatje Lenaerts
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands; Top Institute Food & Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands; and
| | - Koen Venema
- Top Institute Food & Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands; and Beneficial Microbes Consultancy, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Wim A Buurman
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H Dejong
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands; Top Institute Food & Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands; and
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
den Besten G, van Eunen K, Groen AK, Venema K, Reijngoud DJ, Bakker BM. The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:2325-40. [PMID: 23821742 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r036012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2869] [Impact Index Per Article: 260.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the end products of fermentation of dietary fibers by the anaerobic intestinal microbiota, have been shown to exert multiple beneficial effects on mammalian energy metabolism. The mechanisms underlying these effects are the subject of intensive research and encompass the complex interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism. This review summarizes the role of SCFAs in host energy metabolism, starting from the production by the gut microbiota to the uptake by the host and ending with the effects on host metabolism. There are interesting leads on the underlying molecular mechanisms, but there are also many apparently contradictory results. A coherent understanding of the multilevel network in which SCFAs exert their effects is hampered by the lack of quantitative data on actual fluxes of SCFAs and metabolic processes regulated by SCFAs. In this review we address questions that, when answered, will bring us a great step forward in elucidating the role of SCFAs in mammalian energy metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gijs den Besten
- Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Usami M, Miyoshi M, Kanbara Y, Aoyama M, Sakaki H, Shuno K, Hirata K, Takahashi M, Ueno K, Hamada Y, Tabata S, Asahara T, Nomoto K. Analysis of fecal microbiota, organic acids and plasma lipids in hepatic cancer patients with or without liver cirrhosis. Clin Nutr 2012; 32:444-51. [PMID: 23068014 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Changes in the microbiota composition are able to affect nutrient absorption and energy metabolism, but there are few human studies. The aims were to analyze fecal constituents quantitatively and compare them with liver dysfunction in hepatic cancer patients and to evaluate the relationships among intestinal microbiota, fecal organic acids and plasma lipid composition. METHODS Fecal samples collected from 46 hepatic cancer patients (with liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis or liver fibrosis and normal liver) were evaluated for fecal constituents. Blood organic acid, lipid and fatty acid concentrations were analyzed. RESULTS Fecal microbiota and organic acids showed no significant differences among different liver dysfunction patients. In normal liver patients, fecal Candida was positively correlated with plasma phospholipid while Bifidobacterium was negatively correlated with plasma eicosapentaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio (all p < 0.05). In cirrhotic liver patients, positive correlations were noted for Lactobacillus and docosahexaenoic acid and Candida and eicosapentaenoic acid or eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio (all p < 0.01). It was suggested that intestinal biota affected serum fatty acid metabolism and were modified by liver disorders. CONCLUSIONS Intestinal microbiota and organic acid concentrations in hepatic cancer patients had positive and/or negative correlations with serum lipid levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Usami
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Qi S, Tu Z, Ouyang X, Wang L, Peng W, Cai A, Dai Y. Comparison of the metabolic profiling of hepatitis B virus-infected cirrhosis and alcoholic cirrhosis patients by using (1) H NMR-based metabonomics. Hepatol Res 2012; 42:677-85. [PMID: 22404306 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2011.00964.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aims of the present study were to depict the serum metabolic characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected cirrhosis and alcoholic cirrhosis patients, and to find the specific serum biomarkers associated with the diseases. METHODS A pilot metabolic profiling study was conducted using three groups: HBV-infected cirrhosis patients (n = 21), alcoholic cirrhosis patients (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 20). (1) H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomics was used to obtain the serum metabolic profiles of the samples. The acquired data were processed by multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The discriminatory metabolites between HBV-infected cirrhosis and alcoholic cirrhosis were further validated by classical biochemical assays. RESULTS The OPLS-DA model was capable of distinguishing between HBV-infected and alcoholic cirrhosis patients. Five metabolites, creatine, acetoacetate, isobutyrate, glutamine and glutamate, were identified as the most influential factors to compare HBV-infected cirrhosis and alcoholic cirrhosis. The validation tests showed that the changes of the five metabolites were well coincident with the results of NMR. CONCLUSION NMR spectra combined with pattern recognition analysis techniques may provide a new way to explore the pathogenesis of HBV-infected and alcoholic cirrhosis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suwen Qi
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Colorectal Oncogenesis and Inflammation in a Rat Model Based on Chronic Inflammation due to Cycling DSS Treatments. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2011; 2011:924045. [PMID: 22007198 PMCID: PMC3189610 DOI: 10.1155/2011/924045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is known to be linked with development of colorectal cancer, and the aim was to assess the malignant potential and degree of inflammation in a dextran-sulphate-sodium-(DSS-) induced cyclic colonic tumour model (CTM) in rats and to compare it with the azoxymethane-(AOM-) induced CTM model. Tumours developed in both groups, although, in the DSS group, the colonic mucosa appeared edematous and the number of haemorrhagic erosions and quantity of dysplastic lesions were higher as well as the mucosal concentration of myeloperoxidase and faecal viable count of Enterobacteriaceae. The livers were affected as evaluated by steatosis, parenchymal loss, haemorrhage, and inflammatory infiltrations, and higher proportions of acetate and lower proportions of butyrate in colonic content were found. The DSS model seems to mimic the clinical situation and may be valuable for investigation of inflammation-related dysplasia and colon cancer, as well as for altered liver function by endogenous inflammatory mediators.
Collapse
|
47
|
van der Vorst JR, Hutteman M, Mieog JSD, de Rooij KE, Kaijzel EL, Löwik CWGM, Putter H, Kuppen PJK, Frangioni JV, van de Velde CJH, Vahrmeijer AL. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging of liver metastases in rats using indocyanine green. J Surg Res 2011; 174:266-71. [PMID: 21396660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging using indocyanine green (ICG) is a promising technique to obtain real-time assessment of the extent and number of colorectal liver metastases during surgery. The current study aims to optimize dosage and timing of ICG administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Liver tumors were induced in 18 male WAG/Rij rats by subcapsular inoculation of CC531 rat colorectal cancer cells into three distinct liver lobes. Rats were divided in two groups: imaging after 24 and 48 h or 72 and 96 h after intravenous ICG administration. In each time group, rats were allocated to three dose groups: 0.04, 0.08, or 0.16 mg ICG. Intraoperative imaging and ex vivo measurements were performed using the Mini-FLARE imaging system and confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. Fluorescence intensity was quantified using the Mini-FLARE software and the difference between tumor signal and liver signal (tumor-to-liver ratio; TLR) was calculated. RESULTS In all 18 rats, all colorectal liver metastases (n = 34), some as small as 1.2 mm, were identified using ICG and the Mini-FLARE imaging system. Average tumor-to-liver ratio (TLR) over all groups was 3.0 ± 1.2. TLR was significantly higher in the 72 h time group compared with other time points. ICG dose did not significantly influence TLR, but a trend was found favoring the 0.08 mg dose group. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated a clear fluorescent rim around the tumor. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that colorectal cancer liver metastases can be clearly identified during surgery using ICG and the Mini-FLARE imaging system, with optimal timing of 72 h post-injection and an optimal dose of 0.08 mg (0.25 mg/kg) ICG. NIR fluorescence imaging has the potential to improve intraoperative detection of micrometastases and, thus, the completeness of resection.
Collapse
|