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Park JS, Cresci GAM. Dysfunctional intestinal microvascular endothelial cells: Insights and therapeutic implications in gastrointestinal inflammation. IMMUNOMETABOLISM (COBHAM, SURREY) 2024; 6:e00043. [PMID: 38818514 PMCID: PMC11136270 DOI: 10.1097/in9.0000000000000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The intestinal microvascular endothelium plays a crucial role in orchestrating host responses to inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract. This review delves into the unique aspects of intestinal microvascular endothelial cells, distinct from those of larger vessels, in mediating leukocyte recruitment, maintaining barrier integrity, and regulating angiogenesis during inflammation. Specifically, their role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases, where dysregulated endothelial functions contribute to the disease progression, is reviewed. Furthermore, this review discusses the isolation technique for these cells and commonly used adhesion molecules for in vitro and in vivo experiments. In addition, we reviewed the development and therapeutic implications of a biologic agent targeting the interaction between α4β7 integrin on T lymphocytes and mucosal addressin cellular adhesion molecule-1 on gut endothelium. Notably, vedolizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against α4β7 integrin, has shown promising outcomes in inflammatory bowel diseases and other gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions, including chronic pouchitis, immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis, and acute cellular rejection post-intestinal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Seok Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gail A. M. Cresci
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
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2
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Otunla AA, Shanmugarajah K, Davies AH, Shalhoub J. Lipotoxicity and immunometabolism in ischemic acute kidney injury: current perspectives and future directions. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1355674. [PMID: 38464721 PMCID: PMC10924325 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1355674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated lipid metabolism is implicated in the pathophysiology of a range of kidney diseases. The specific mechanisms through which lipotoxicity contributes to acute kidney injury (AKI) remain poorly understood. Herein we review the cardinal features of lipotoxic injury in ischemic kidney injury; lipid accumulation and mitochondrial lipotoxicity. We then explore a new mechanism of lipotoxicity, what we define as "immunometabolic" lipotoxicity, and discuss the potential therapeutic implications of targeting this lipotoxicity using lipid lowering medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afolarin A. Otunla
- Department of Surgical Biotechnology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alun H. Davies
- UK and Imperial Vascular Unit, Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Shalhoub
- UK and Imperial Vascular Unit, Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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3
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Gu Y, Wang W, Zhan Y, Wei X, Shi Y, Cui D, Peng T, Han J, Li X, Chen Y, Xue Z, Wang W. Dietary artemisinin boosts intestinal immunity and healthy in fat greenling ( Hexagrammos otakii). Front Immunol 2023; 14:1198902. [PMID: 37529040 PMCID: PMC10388541 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1198902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Artemisinin (ART) is very common as a diet additive due to its immunoregulatory activities. Nonetheless, the immunoregulatory mechanism of ART in marine fish remains unknown. This study comprehensively examined the effects and explored the potential mechanism of ART ameliorating intestinal immune disease (IID) in fat greenlings (Hexagrammos otakii). Methods and results The targets of ART were screened using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. Here, eight putative targets of ART were collected and identified with the Uniprot database, and 1419 IID-associated target proteins were filtered through the Drugbank, Genecards, OMIM, and PHARMGKB Databases. The results of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways point out that ART may have immunoprotective effects by regulating cellular responses to stress, hypoxia, inflammation, and vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus through the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway. The findings of molecular docking indicated that ART contains one active ingredient and three cross-targets, which showed a kind combination with hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1-a), transcription factor p65 (RELA), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), respectively. Furthermore, an ART feeding model was established to assess the ART's immunoprotect effect on the intestine of H.otakii in vivo. The D48 group showed smaller intestinal structural changes after being challenged by Edwardsiella tarda. The supplementation of ART to the diet improved total superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) in intestine of H. otakii. The expression of transcription factor p65, HIF1-α, VEGF-A, cyclin D1, matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was decreased after dietary ART in the intestinal of H. otakii. Discussion The present results demonstrated that dietary ART improved antioxidants and immunity, optimized the intestinal structure, and increased resistance to E. tarda through the SOD2/nuclear-factor-kappa- B (NFkB)/HIF1-a/VEGF-A pathway in the intestinal tract of H.otakii. This study integrated pharmacological analysis and experimental validation and revealed the mechanism of ART on IID, which provides insight into the improvement of IID in H. otakii.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhuang Xue
- *Correspondence: Zhuang Xue, ; Wei Wang,
| | - Wei Wang
- *Correspondence: Zhuang Xue, ; Wei Wang,
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Lê A, Mantel M, Marchix J, Bodinier M, Jan G, Rolli-Derkinderen M. Inflammatory bowel disease therapeutic strategies by modulation of the microbiota: how and when to introduce pre-, pro-, syn-, or postbiotics? Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G523-G553. [PMID: 36165557 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00002.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), a heterogeneous group of inflammatory conditions that encompass both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, represent a major public health concern. The etiology of IBD is not yet fully understood and no cure is available, with current treatments only showing long-term effectiveness in a minority of patients. A need to increase our knowledge on IBD pathophysiology is growing, to define preventive measures, to improve disease outcome, and to develop new effective and lasting treatments. IBD pathogenesis is sustained by aberrant immune responses, associated with alterations of the intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB), modifications of the enteric nervous system, and changes in microbiota composition. Currently, most of the treatments target the inflammation and the immune system, but holistic approaches targeting lifestyle and diet improvements are emerging. As dysbiosis is involved in IBD pathogenesis, pre-, pro-, syn-, and postbiotics are used/tested to reduce the inflammation or strengthen the IEB. The present review will resume these works, pointing out the stage of life, the duration, and the environmental conditions that should go along with microbiota or microbiota-derived treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Lê
- The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes Université, Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale, Nantes, France
| | - Marine Mantel
- The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes Université, Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale, Nantes, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf, Agrocampus Ouest, Institut Agro, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Rennes, France
| | - Justine Marchix
- The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes Université, Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale, Nantes, France
| | - Marie Bodinier
- Unité de Recherche 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, I Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Pays de la Loire, Nantes, France
| | - Gwénaël Jan
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf, Agrocampus Ouest, Institut Agro, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Rennes, France
| | - Malvyne Rolli-Derkinderen
- The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes Université, Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale, Nantes, France
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Fang H, Zhuang Z, Huang L, Zhao W, Niu J. Dietary Klebsormidium sp. Supplementation Improves Growth Performance, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Status, Metabolism, and Mid-Intestine Morphology of Litopenaeus Vannamei. Front Nutr 2022; 9:857351. [PMID: 35634387 PMCID: PMC9136981 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.857351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous microalga Klebsormidium sp. has huge potential to become a natural and healthy additive in aquatic feed since it contains various bioactive nutrients, such as linoleic acid (LA), carotenoids, and chlorophylls. Therefore, an eight-week feeding experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of dietary Klebsormidium sp. on the growth performance, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status, metabolism, and mid-intestine morphology of Litopenaeus vannamei. Two isonitrogenous and isolipid diets supplemented with and without 5% Klebsormidium sp. were prepared. Results showed that L. vannamei fed with Klebsormidium sp. had better growth performance and feed utilization by optimizing mid-intestine morphology and improving the carbohydrate metabolism. In addition, Klebsormidium sp. also enhanced the antioxidant capacity of L. vannamei by downregulating antioxidant parameters (hepatopancreas T-SOD, hepatopancreas GSH-PX, hemolymph T-SOD, hemolymph MDA) and RNA expression levels of antioxidant genes (gsh-px and cat). Furthermore, the supplementations of dietary Klebsormidium sp. significantly improved hepatopancreas health by downregulating RNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory related genes (relish and rho). Therefore, a dose of 5% Klebsormidium sp. is recommended for the daily diet of L. vannamei to improve the growth performance, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status, metabolism, and mid-intestine morphology of shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- HaoHang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - ZhenXiao Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - LuoDong Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Zhao
| | - Jin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Jin Niu
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Moreira GA, Dias AIBDS, Cadena SMSC, Corrêa-Ferreira ML, Ioshii SO, Fachin CG. Use of sildenafil and L-arginine in an experimental rat model for the prevention of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6206. [PMID: 35418668 PMCID: PMC9008060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) has a 45% mortality in neonatal intensive care units. This paper aimed to evaluate the isolated and combined effects of sildenafil and l-arginine in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis. Neonatal rats were fed formula milk and submitted to hypoxia under a 100% N2 atmosphere for 70 s. Then, animals were subjected to hypothermia (4 °C for 10 min), twice a day for 3 days. Forty neonatal rats were divided into five groups: negative control—not submitted to the protocol (n = 5), sildenafil group—NEC protocol (n = 9), l-arginine group—NEC protocol (n = 9), l-arginine and sildenafil group—NEC protocol (n = 9) and positive control—NEC protocol and intraperitoneal saline solution (n = 8). Jejunum and terminal ileus were removed for histopathologic and immunohistochemical Ki-67 analysis. Kruskal–Wallis test was used to analyze mortality, survival, body weight, intestinal injury score and Ki-67 proliferation index. All animals submitted to the protocol developed enterocolitis. Mortality rate was higher in group that received only l-arginine (p = 0.0293). The Ki-67 analysis showed a higher proliferative index in groups that received interventional drugs (p = 0.017). In conclusion, sildenafil and l-arginine were not effective to reduce intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Araujo Moreira
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Medical School, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, R. Gen. Carneiro, 181 - Alto da Glória, Curitiba, PR, 80060-900, Brazil.
| | - André Ivan Bradley Dos Santos Dias
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, R. Gen. Carneiro, 181 - Alto da Glória, Curitiba, PR, 80060-900, Brazil
| | - Silvia Maria Suter Correia Cadena
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Parana Campus Polytechnic Center, Curitiba, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, 80050-540, Brazil
| | - Marília Locatelli Corrêa-Ferreira
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Parana Campus Polytechnic Center, Curitiba, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, 80050-540, Brazil
| | - Sergio Ossamu Ioshii
- Pathology Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, R. Gen. Carneiro, 181 - Alto da Glória, Curitiba, PR, 80060-900, Brazil
| | - Camila Girardi Fachin
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, R. Gen. Carneiro, 181 - Alto da Glória, Curitiba, PR, 80060-900, Brazil
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Piotrowska M, Binienda A, Fichna J. The role of fatty acids in Crohn's disease pathophysiology - An overview. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 538:111448. [PMID: 34480991 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which is characterized by chronic and relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The etiology of CD is unknown, but factors such as epithelial barrier dysfunction, immune system imbalance, microbiota dysbiosis and environmental influences are thought to be involved in its pathogenesis. Recent studies have shown that short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) play a vital role in pathophysiology and development of CD by various mechanisms affecting pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, and maintaining the intestinal homeostasis and regulation of gene expression. SCFAs and LCFAs activate signaling cascades that control immune functions through interaction with cell surface free fatty acid receptors (FFARs), i.e. FFAR1, FFAR2, FFAR3, and FFAR4. This review highlights the role of fatty acids in maintenance of intestinal and immune homeostasis and supports the supplementation of fatty acids as a promising adjunctive treatment for CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Piotrowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agata Binienda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
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Xie D, He F, Wang X, Wang X, Jin Q, Jin J. Diverse Krill Lipid Fractions Differentially Reduce LPS-Induced Inflammatory Markers in RAW264.7 Macrophages In Vitro. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112887. [PMID: 34829168 PMCID: PMC8617617 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antarctic krill oil is an emerging marine lipid and expected to be a potential functional food due to its diverse nutrients, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), phospholipids, astaxanthin and tocopherols. Although krill oil has been previously proved to have anti-inflammatory activity, there is little information about the relationship between its chemical compositions and anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, the RAW264.7 macrophages model was used to elucidate and compare the anti-inflammatory potential of different krill lipid fractions: KLF-A, KLF-H and KLF-E, which have increasing phospholipids, EPA and DHA contents but decreasing astaxanthin and tocopherols levels. Results showed that all the krill lipid fractions alleviated the inflammatory reaction by inhibition of production of nitric oxide (NO), release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 and gene expression of proinflammatory mediators including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In addition, KLF-E with the highest phospholipids, EPA and DHA contents showed the strongest inhibition effect on the LPS-induced proinflammatory mediator release and their gene expressions. The results would be helpful to provide powerful insights into the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism of krill lipid and guiding the production of krill oil products with tailor-made anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xie
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Beijing Zhong Road, Wuhu 241000, China; (D.X.); (F.H.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.W.); (X.W.); (Q.J.)
| | - Fangyuan He
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Beijing Zhong Road, Wuhu 241000, China; (D.X.); (F.H.)
| | - Xiaosan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.W.); (X.W.); (Q.J.)
| | - Xingguo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.W.); (X.W.); (Q.J.)
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.W.); (X.W.); (Q.J.)
| | - Jun Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.W.); (X.W.); (Q.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0510-85876799
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Son HK, Xiang H, Park S, Lee J, Lee JJ, Jung S, Ha JH. Partial Replacement of Dietary Fat with Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Attenuates the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Hepatic Inflammation in Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010986. [PMID: 34682732 PMCID: PMC8535618 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether the partial replacement of dietary fat with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ameliorated the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatic inflammation in rats fed a high-fat diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups and provided each of the following diets: (1) high-fat diet (HFD), (2) HFD with perilla oil (PO), and (3) HFD with corn oil (CO). After 12 weeks of dietary intervention, the rats were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (5 mg/kg) from Escherichia coli O55:B5 or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Following LPS stimulation, serum insulin levels were increased, while PO and CO lowered the serum levels of glucose and insulin. In the liver, LPS increased the triglyceride levels, while PO and CO alleviated the LPS-induced hepatic triglyceride accumulation. In the LPS injected rats, the mRNA expression of genes related to inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was attenuated by PO and CO in the liver. Furthermore, hepatic levels of proteins involved in the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, antioxidant response, and ER stress were lowered by PO- and CO-replacement. Therefore, the partial replacement of dietary fat with PUFAs alleviates LPS-induced hepatic inflammation during HFD consumption, which may decrease metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Kyoung Son
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.-K.S.); (H.X.); (S.P.); (J.L.)
| | - Huo Xiang
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.-K.S.); (H.X.); (S.P.); (J.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Seohyun Park
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.-K.S.); (H.X.); (S.P.); (J.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jisu Lee
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.-K.S.); (H.X.); (S.P.); (J.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Sunyoon Jung
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.-K.S.); (H.X.); (S.P.); (J.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (J.-H.H.); Tel.: +82-31-8005-3186 (S.J.); +82-41-550-3479 (J.-H.H.)
| | - Jung-Heun Ha
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.-K.S.); (H.X.); (S.P.); (J.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (J.-H.H.); Tel.: +82-31-8005-3186 (S.J.); +82-41-550-3479 (J.-H.H.)
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Marion-Letellier R, Leboutte M, Amamou A, Raman M, Savoye G, Ghosh S. Diet in Intestinal Fibrosis: A Double-Edged Sword. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093148. [PMID: 34579023 PMCID: PMC8470259 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural history of inflammatory bowel diseases, especially Crohn’s disease, is frequently complicated by intestinal fibrosis. Because of the lack of effective treatments for intestinal fibrosis, there is an urgent need to develop new therapies. Factors promoting intestinal fibrosis are currently unclear, but diet is a potential culprit. Diet may influence predisposition to develop intestinal fibrosis or alter its natural history by modification of both the host immune response and intestinal microbial composition. Few studies have documented the effects of dietary factors in modulating IBD-induced intestinal fibrosis. As the mechanisms behind fibrogenesis in the gut are believed to be broadly similar to those from extra-intestinal organs, it may be relevant to investigate which dietary components can inhibit or promote fibrosis factors such as myofibroblasts progenitor activation in other fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Marion-Letellier
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France; (M.L.); (G.S.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, 76183 Rouen, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Mathilde Leboutte
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France; (M.L.); (G.S.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, 76183 Rouen, France
| | - Asma Amamou
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; (A.A.); (S.G.)
| | - Maitreyi Raman
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Guillaume Savoye
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France; (M.L.); (G.S.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, 76183 Rouen, France
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rouen University Hospital, 76031 Rouen, France
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; (A.A.); (S.G.)
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11
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Story MJ. Essential sufficiency of zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin D and magnesium for prevention and treatment of COVID-19, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, lung diseases and cancer. Biochimie 2021; 187:94-109. [PMID: 34082041 PMCID: PMC8166046 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the development of a number of vaccines for COVID-19, there remains a need for prevention and treatment of the virus SARS-CoV-2 and the ensuing disease COVID-19. This report discusses the key elements of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 that can be readily treated: viral entry, the immune system and inflammation, and the cytokine storm. It is shown that the essential nutrients zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamin D and magnesium provide the ideal combination for prevention and treatment of COVID-19: prevention of SARS-CoV-2 entry to host cells, prevention of proliferation of SARS-CoV-2, inhibition of excessive inflammation, improved control of the regulation of the immune system, inhibition of the cytokine storm, and reduction in the effects of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and associated non-communicable diseases. It is emphasized that the non-communicable diseases associated with COVID-19 are inherently more prevalent in the elderly than the young, and that the maintenance of sufficiency of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs, vitamin D and magnesium is essential for the elderly to prevent the occurrence of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, lung diseases and cancer. Annual checking of levels of these essential nutrients is recommended for those over 65 years of age, together with appropriate adjustments in their intake, with these services and supplies being at government cost. The cost:benefit ratio would be huge as the cost of the nutrients and the testing of their levels would be very small compared with the cost savings of specialists and hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Story
- Story Pharmaceutics Pty Ltd, PO Box 6086, Linden Park, South Australia, 5065, Australia.
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12
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The Interplay between Nutrition, Innate Immunity, and the Commensal Microbiota in Adaptive Intestinal Morphogenesis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072198. [PMID: 34206809 PMCID: PMC8308283 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is a functionally and anatomically segmented organ that is colonized by microbial communities from birth. While the genetics of mouse gut development is increasingly understood, how nutritional factors and the commensal gut microbiota act in concert to shape tissue organization and morphology of this rapidly renewing organ remains enigmatic. Here, we provide an overview of embryonic mouse gut development, with a focus on the intestinal vasculature and the enteric nervous system. We review how nutrition and the gut microbiota affect the adaptation of cellular and morphologic properties of the intestine, and how these processes are interconnected with innate immunity. Furthermore, we discuss how nutritional and microbial factors impact the renewal and differentiation of the epithelial lineage, influence the adaptation of capillary networks organized in villus structures, and shape the enteric nervous system and the intestinal smooth muscle layers. Intriguingly, the anatomy of the gut shows remarkable flexibility to nutritional and microbial challenges in the adult organism.
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13
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Maternal n-3 PUFA deficiency alters uterine artery remodeling and placental epigenome in the mice. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 96:108784. [PMID: 34062269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The maternal n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) deficiency on decidual vascular structure and angiogenesis in mice placenta was investigated. Namely, we studied uterine artery remodeling, fatty acid metabolism, and placental epigenetic methylation in this animal model. Weanling female Swiss albino mice were fed either alpha-linolenic acid (18:3 n-3, ALA) deficient diets (0.13% energy from ALA) or a sufficient diet (2.26% energy from ALA) throughout the study. The dietary n-3 PUFA deficiency altered uteroplacental morphology and vasculature by reversing luminal to vessel area and increased luminal wall thickness at 8.5-12.5gD. Further, placentas (F0 and F1) showed a significant decrease in the expression of VCAM1, HLAG proteins and an increase in MMP9, KDR expression. The conversion of ALA to long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFAs was significantly decreased in plasma and placenta during the n-3 deficiency state. Reduced n-3 LCPUFAs increased the placental expression of intracellular proteins FABP3, FABP4, and ADRP to compensate decreased availability of these fatty acids in the n-3 deficient mice. The N-3 PUFA deficiency significantly increased the 5-methylcytosine levels in the placenta but not in the liver. The alteration in DNA methylation continued to the next generation in the placental epigenome with augmented expression of DNMT3A and DNMT3B. Our study showed that maternal n-3 PUFA deficiency alters placental vascular architecture and induces epigenetic changes suggesting the importance of n-3 PUFA intake during the development of the fetus. Moreover, the study shows that the placenta is the susceptible target for epigenetic alteration in maternal deficiency n-3 fatty acids.
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14
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Morshedzadeh N, Shahrokh S, Chaleshi V, Karimi S, Mirmiran P, Zali MR. The effects of flaxseed supplementation on gene expression and inflammation in ulcerative colitis patients: An open-labelled randomised controlled trial. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14035. [PMID: 33482045 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Inflammatory bowel disease, a chronic inflammatory disorder of the intestinal mucosa, is a clinical presentation of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC). This study investigated the effect of grounded flaxseed (GF) and flaxseed oil (FO) on clinical biomarkers, quality of life and diseases activity in patients with UC. This research was conducted among 90 patients with UC for 12 weeks using an open-labelled randomised controlled trial design. METHODS The participants were randomly assigned into two intervention groups supplemented with GF (30 gr/day) and FO (10 gr/day) as well as a control group. The participants' data were collected prior to and 12 weeks after the intervention. The one-way analysis of variance was run to compare variables. RESULTS A total of 75 patients completed the study. After the intervention, hs-CRP (P < .001) and Mayo score (P < .001) were reduced significantly, but quality of life was increased significantly (P < .001) in the GF and FO groups compared with the control. A significant increase was observed in IL-10 concentration in the FO group, but no significant change was found in serum levels of IL-10 in the control group. Moreover, the decrease in Mayo score was greater in patients at more severe stages of the disease (P < .05). No difference was observed between the intervention groups and control group in mRNA expression level of TLR4 at the 12th week. CONCLUSION In conclusion, grounded flaxseed and FO attenuated systemic inflammation and improved disease severity in UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nava Morshedzadeh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shabnam Shahrokh
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Chaleshi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Karimi
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Kobayashi Y, Ohfuji S, Kondo K, Fukushima W, Sasaki S, Kamata N, Yamagami H, Fujiwara Y, Suzuki Y, Hirota Y. Association of Dietary Fatty Acid Intake With the Development of Ulcerative Colitis: A Multicenter Case-Control Study in Japan. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:617-628. [PMID: 32507894 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary fatty acids can affect chronic intestinal inflammation and have been reported to be associated with the development of ulcerative colitis (UC), mainly in Europe and the United States. The association of dietary intake of fatty acids and the risk for UC was investigated in Japan, where dietary habits lead to lower meat and higher fish consumption than in Western countries. METHODS A multicenter case-control study of 83 newly diagnosed patients with UC and 128 age- and sex-matched control patients in the hospital was conducted from 2008 to 2014. Dietary fatty acid intake in the preceding 1 month and 1 year were examined using a self-administered diet history questionnaire that was developed for Japanese people. RESULTS About 92% of patients had experienced the first symptoms of UC within the preceding 11 months. Regarding dietary habits in the preceding year, the risk for UC was significantly decreased in patients who consumed n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids at a ratio of ≥5.2 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.10-0.68). Conversely, an increased risk for UC was observed in the highest tertiles of consumption of docosahexaenoic acid (OR = 7.22; 95% CI, 2.09-24.95), eicosapentaenoic acid (OR = 6.91; 95% CI, 1.88-25.44), and docosapentaenoic acid (OR = 4.83; 95% CI, 1.56-14.95). CONCLUSIONS The ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake was associated with a decreased risk for UC development. However, high intakes of docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid may increase the risk for UC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumie Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoko Ohfuji
- Department of Public Health, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kondo
- Administration Division, Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wakaba Fukushima
- Department of Public Health, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Kamata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yamagami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Suzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sakura Medical Center, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirota
- Department of Public Health, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,College of Healthcare Management, Fukuoka, Japan
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16
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Food and Food Groups in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): The Design of the Groningen Anti-Inflammatory Diet (GrAID). Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041067. [PMID: 33806061 PMCID: PMC8064481 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet plays a pivotal role in the onset and course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients are keen to know what to eat to reduce symptoms and flares, but dietary guidelines are lacking. To advice patients, an overview of the current evidence on food (group) level is needed. This narrative review studies the effects of food (groups) on the onset and course of IBD and if not available the effects in healthy subjects or animal and in vitro IBD models. Based on this evidence the Groningen anti-inflammatory diet (GrAID) was designed and compared on food (group) level to other existing IBD diets. Although on several foods conflicting results were found, this review provides patients a good overview. Based on this evidence, the GrAID consists of lean meat, eggs, fish, plain dairy (such as milk, yoghurt, kefir and hard cheeses), fruit, vegetables, legumes, wheat, coffee, tea and honey. Red meat, other dairy products and sugar should be limited. Canned and processed foods, alcohol and sweetened beverages should be avoided. This comprehensive review focuses on anti-inflammatory properties of foods providing IBD patients with the best evidence on which foods they should eat or avoid to reduce flares. This was used to design the GrAID.
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17
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Basson AR, Chen C, Sagl F, Trotter A, Bederman I, Gomez-Nguyen A, Sundrud MS, Ilic S, Cominelli F, Rodriguez-Palacios A. Regulation of Intestinal Inflammation by Dietary Fats. Front Immunol 2021; 11:604989. [PMID: 33603741 PMCID: PMC7884479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.604989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the epidemic of human obesity, dietary fats have increasingly become a focal point of biomedical research. Epidemiological studies indicate that high-fat diets (HFDs), especially those rich in long-chain saturated fatty acids (e.g., Western Diet, National Health Examination survey; NHANES 'What We Eat in America' report) have multi-organ pro-inflammatory effects. Experimental studies have confirmed some of these disease associations, and have begun to elaborate mechanisms of disease induction. However, many of the observed effects from epidemiological studies appear to be an over-simplification of the mechanistic complexity that depends on dynamic interactions between the host, the particular fatty acid, and the rather personalized genetics and variability of the gut microbiota. Of interest, experimental studies have shown that certain saturated fats (e.g., lauric and myristic fatty acid-rich coconut oil) could exert the opposite effect; that is, desirable anti-inflammatory and protective mechanisms promoting gut health by unanticipated pathways. Owing to the experimental advantages of laboratory animals for the study of mechanisms under well-controlled dietary settings, we focus this review on the current understanding of how dietary fatty acids impact intestinal biology. We center this discussion on studies from mice and rats, with validation in cell culture systems or human studies. We provide a scoping overview of the most studied diseases mechanisms associated with the induction or prevention of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in rodent models relevant to Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis after feeding either high-fat diet (HFD) or feed containing specific fatty acid or other target dietary molecule. Finally, we provide a general outlook on areas that have been largely or scarcely studied, and assess the effects of HFDs on acute and chronic forms of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R. Basson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Digestive Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Cleveland Digestive Diseases Research Core, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Digestive Health Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Christy Chen
- Digestive Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Filip Sagl
- Digestive Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ashley Trotter
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Digestive Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ilya Bederman
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Adrian Gomez-Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Digestive Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Cleveland Digestive Diseases Research Core, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mark S. Sundrud
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Sanja Ilic
- Department of Human Sciences, Human Nutrition, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Digestive Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Cleveland Digestive Diseases Research Core, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Digestive Health Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Alex Rodriguez-Palacios
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Digestive Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Cleveland Digestive Diseases Research Core, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Digestive Health Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
- University Hospitals Research and Education Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
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18
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Story MJ. Zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin D: An essential combination for prevention and treatment of cancers. Biochimie 2020; 181:100-122. [PMID: 33307154 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and vitamin D are essential nutrients for health, maturation and general wellbeing. Extensive literature searches have revealed the widespread similarity in molecular biological properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D, and their similar anti-cancer properties, even though they have different modes of action. These three nutrients are separately essential for good health, especially in the aged. Zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D are inexpensive and safe as they are fundamentally natural and have the properties of correcting and inhibiting undesirable actions without disturbing the normal functions of cells or their extracellular environment. This review of the anticancer properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D is made in the context of the hallmarks of cancer. The anticancer properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D can therefore be used beneficially through combined treatment or supplementation. It is proposed that sufficiency of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D is a necessary requirement during chemotherapy treatment and that clinical trials can have questionable integrity if this sufficiency is not checked and maintained during efficacy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Story
- Story Pharmaceutics Pty Ltd, PO Box 6086, Linden Park, South Australia, 5065, Australia.
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19
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Alhouayek M, Ameraoui H, Muccioli GG. Bioactive lipids in inflammatory bowel diseases - From pathophysiological alterations to therapeutic opportunities. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1866:158854. [PMID: 33157277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are lifelong diseases that remain challenging to treat. IBDs are characterized by alterations in intestinal barrier function and dysregulation of the innate and adaptive immunity. An increasing number of lipids are found to be important regulators of inflammation and immunity as well as gut physiology. Therefore, the study of lipid mediators in IBDs is expected to improve our understanding of disease pathogenesis and lead to novel therapeutic opportunities. Here, through selected examples - such as fatty acids, specialized proresolving mediators, lysophospholipids, endocannabinoids, and oxysterols - we discuss how lipid signaling is involved in IBD physiopathology and how modulating lipid signaling pathways could affect IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Alhouayek
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Hafsa Ameraoui
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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20
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Baker EJ, Valenzuela CA, Dooremalen WT, Martínez‐Fernández L, Yaqoob P, Miles EA, Calder PC. Gamma‐Linolenic and Pinolenic Acids Exert Anti‐Inflammatory Effects in Cultured Human Endothelial Cells Through Their Elongation Products. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000382. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ella J. Baker
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health University of Southampton Southampton SO16 6YD UK
| | - Carina A. Valenzuela
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health University of Southampton Southampton SO16 6YD UK
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Nutrition University of Valparaíso Playa Ancha 850 Valparaíso Chile
| | - Wies T.M. Dooremalen
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health University of Southampton Southampton SO16 6YD UK
| | - Leyre Martínez‐Fernández
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health University of Southampton Southampton SO16 6YD UK
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition University of Navarra 31008 Pamplona Spain
| | - Parveen Yaqoob
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy University of Reading Reading RG6 6AP UK
| | - Elizabeth A. Miles
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health University of Southampton Southampton SO16 6YD UK
| | - Philip C. Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health University of Southampton Southampton SO16 6YD UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton Southampton SO16 6YD UK
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21
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Wawrzyniak P, Noureddine N, Wawrzyniak M, Lucchinetti E, Krämer SD, Rogler G, Zaugg M, Hersberger M. Nutritional Lipids and Mucosal Inflammation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 65:e1901269. [PMID: 32780927 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201901269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic relapsing inflammation in the intestine. Given their role in regulation of inflammation, long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) represent a potential supplementary therapeutic approach to current drug regimens used for IBD. Mechanistically, there is ample evidence for an anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution effect of long-chain n-3 PUFAs after they incorporate into cell membrane phospholipids. They disrupt membrane rafts and when released from the membrane suppress inflammatory signaling by activating PPAR-γ and free fatty acid receptor 4; furthermore, they shift the lipid mediator profile from pro-inflammatory eicosanoids to specialized pro-resolving mediators. The allocation of long-chain n-3 PUFAs also leads to a higher microbiome diversity in the gut, increases short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, and improves intestinal barrier function by sealing epithelial tight junctions. In line with these mechanistic studies, most epidemiological studies support a beneficial effect of long-chain n-3 PUFAs intake on reducing the incidence of IBD. However, the results from intervention trials on the prevention of relapse in IBD patients show no or only a marginal effect of long-chain n-3 PUFAs supplementation. In light of the current literature, international recommendations are supported that adequate diet-derived n-3 PUFAs might be beneficial in maintaining remission in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Wawrzyniak
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland.,Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland
| | - Nazek Noureddine
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland.,Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Marcin Wawrzyniak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Eliana Lucchinetti
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Stefanie D Krämer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Michael Zaugg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R3, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Martin Hersberger
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland.,Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
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22
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Comparative anti-inflammatory effects of plant- and marine-derived omega-3 fatty acids explored in an endothelial cell line. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158662. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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23
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Ticona LA, Coballes MR, Potente G, Sánchez ÁR. Anti-inflammatory Potential of Macamides Isolated from Yellow Tubers
of Mashua (Tropaeolum Tuberosum). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1159-4242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAlthough Tropaeolum tuberosum tubers have been consumed cooked as a folk
remedy for the treatment of skin, lungs, liver and kidneys diseases, these uses
have very limited scientific basis. Therefore, this article develops a
phytochemical analysis of the yellow tubers of T. tuberosum with the
objective to assess whether the isolated compounds have anti-inflammatory
potential in the CCD-1109Sk, MRC-5 and RWPE-1 cell lines. We performed an
extraction of T. tuberosum tubers using different organic solvents,
followed by a bioguided chromatographic separation. Four macamides were
identified by LC/MS techniques, but only N-benzyllinoleamide
(1) and N-benzyloleamide (2) were isolated and
elucidated by NMR/MS techniques, given that they were present in a
larger proportion in the tubers. The anti-inflammatory potential of macamides
was evaluated by the inhibition of NF-κB and STAT3 activation. Both
compounds displayed inhibition of NF-κB activation with IC50
values of 2.28±0.54 µM;
3.66±0.34 µM and
4.48±0.29 µM for compound (1) and
6.50±0.75 µM;
7.74±0.19 µM and
8.37 ±0.09 µM for compound (2)
in CCD-1109Sk, MRC-5 and RWPE-1 cell lines, respectively. Moreover, both
compounds inhibited the STAT3 activation with IC50 of
0.61±0.76 µM;
1.24±0.05 µM and
2.10±0.12 µM for compound (1) and
5.49±0.31 µM;
7.73 ±0.94 µM and
7.79±0.30 µM for compound (2).
Therefore, isolated macamides of T. tuberosum tubers showed promising
anti-inflammatory effects, suggesting a possible beneficial use to combat
inflammatory processes of skin, lung and prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Apaza Ticona
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University
Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of
Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Rodríguez Coballes
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University
Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giulia Potente
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini,
Italy
| | - Ángel Rumbero Sánchez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University
Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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24
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Shama S, Liu W. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Gut Microbiota: A Reciprocal Interaction in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:906-910. [PMID: 32036510 PMCID: PMC7145364 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease characterized with the spectrum of hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. The etiology of NAFLD remains incompletely understood. Numerous studies have implied that the gut microbiota (GM) is involved in the development of NAFLD, as it particularly mediating the interaction between nutrient intake and the gut-liver function. Meanwhile, the omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3/n-6 PUFA) as essential fatty acids have been linked to NAFLD. Increasing studies in the past decades have indicated that there is a reciprocal interaction between GM and n-3/n-6 PUFA, which may be underlying at least in part, the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In this review, we will discuss: (1) How GM is linked to NAFLD by interacting with various nutrients; (2) How imbalanced dietary n-3/n-6 PUFA is linked to NAFLD; (3) How n-3/n-6 PUFA may affect the GM balance, leading to altered nutrients release to the liver; and (4) How GM may modify ingested n-3/n-6 PUFA and alter their absorption, bioavailability, and biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sama Shama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA,Department of Molecular Drug evaluation, National Organization of Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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25
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Chen SJ, Huang WC, Shen HJ, Chen RY, Chang H, Ho YS, Tsai PJ, Chuang LT. Investigation of Modulatory Effect of Pinolenic Acid (PNA) on Inflammatory Responses in Human THP-1 Macrophage-Like Cell and Mouse Models. Inflammation 2019; 43:518-531. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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26
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Yan B, Zou Z, Chu H, Chan G, Tsang JOL, Lai PM, Yuan S, Yip CCY, Yin F, Kao RYT, Sze KH, Lau SKP, Chan JFW, Yuen KY. Lipidomic Profiling Reveals Significant Perturbations of Intracellular Lipid Homeostasis in Enterovirus-Infected Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235952. [PMID: 31779252 PMCID: PMC6928875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) are the most common causes of hand, foot, and mouth disease. Severe EV-A71 and CV-A16 infections may be associated with life-threatening complications. However, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying these severe clinical and pathological features remain incompletely understood. Lipids are known to play critical roles in multiple stages of the virus replication cycle. The specific lipid profile induced upon virus infection is required for optimal virus replication. The perturbations in the host cell lipidomic profiles upon enterovirus infection have not been fully characterized. To this end, we performed ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–quadrupole–time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS)-based lipidomics to characterize the change in host lipidome upon EV-A71 and CV-A16 infections. Our results revealed that 47 lipids within 11 lipid classes were significantly perturbed after EV-A71 and CV-A16 infection. Four polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), namely, arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), were consistently upregulated upon EV-A71 and CV-A16 infection. Importantly, exogenously supplying three of these four PUFAs, including AA, DHA, and EPA, in cell cultures significantly reduced EV-A71 and CV-A16 replication. Taken together, our results suggested that enteroviruses might specifically modulate the host lipid pathways for optimal virus replication. Excessive exogenous addition of lipids that disrupted this delicate homeostatic state could prevent efficient viral replication. Precise manipulation of the host lipid profile might be a potential host-targeting antiviral strategy for enterovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingpeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; (B.Y.); (H.C.); (S.Y.); (R.Y.-T.K.); (K.-H.S.); (S.K.-P.L.)
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; (Z.Z.); (G.C.); (J.O.-L.T.); (P.-M.L.); (C.C.-Y.Y.)
| | - Zijiao Zou
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; (Z.Z.); (G.C.); (J.O.-L.T.); (P.-M.L.); (C.C.-Y.Y.)
| | - Hin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; (B.Y.); (H.C.); (S.Y.); (R.Y.-T.K.); (K.-H.S.); (S.K.-P.L.)
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; (Z.Z.); (G.C.); (J.O.-L.T.); (P.-M.L.); (C.C.-Y.Y.)
| | - Gabriella Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; (Z.Z.); (G.C.); (J.O.-L.T.); (P.-M.L.); (C.C.-Y.Y.)
| | - Jessica Oi-Ling Tsang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; (Z.Z.); (G.C.); (J.O.-L.T.); (P.-M.L.); (C.C.-Y.Y.)
| | - Pok-Man Lai
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; (Z.Z.); (G.C.); (J.O.-L.T.); (P.-M.L.); (C.C.-Y.Y.)
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; (B.Y.); (H.C.); (S.Y.); (R.Y.-T.K.); (K.-H.S.); (S.K.-P.L.)
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; (Z.Z.); (G.C.); (J.O.-L.T.); (P.-M.L.); (C.C.-Y.Y.)
| | - Cyril Chik-Yan Yip
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; (Z.Z.); (G.C.); (J.O.-L.T.); (P.-M.L.); (C.C.-Y.Y.)
| | - Feifei Yin
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571101, China & The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Richard Yi-Tsun Kao
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; (B.Y.); (H.C.); (S.Y.); (R.Y.-T.K.); (K.-H.S.); (S.K.-P.L.)
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; (Z.Z.); (G.C.); (J.O.-L.T.); (P.-M.L.); (C.C.-Y.Y.)
| | - Kong-Hung Sze
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; (B.Y.); (H.C.); (S.Y.); (R.Y.-T.K.); (K.-H.S.); (S.K.-P.L.)
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; (Z.Z.); (G.C.); (J.O.-L.T.); (P.-M.L.); (C.C.-Y.Y.)
| | - Susanna Kar-Pui Lau
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; (B.Y.); (H.C.); (S.Y.); (R.Y.-T.K.); (K.-H.S.); (S.K.-P.L.)
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; (Z.Z.); (G.C.); (J.O.-L.T.); (P.-M.L.); (C.C.-Y.Y.)
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; (B.Y.); (H.C.); (S.Y.); (R.Y.-T.K.); (K.-H.S.); (S.K.-P.L.)
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; (Z.Z.); (G.C.); (J.O.-L.T.); (P.-M.L.); (C.C.-Y.Y.)
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571101, China & The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
- Correspondence: (J.F.-W.C.); (K.-Y.Y.); Tel.: +852-2255-2413 (J.F.-W.C. & K.-Y.Y.); Fax: +852-2255-1241 (J.F.-W.C. & K.-Y.Y.)
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; (B.Y.); (H.C.); (S.Y.); (R.Y.-T.K.); (K.-H.S.); (S.K.-P.L.)
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; (Z.Z.); (G.C.); (J.O.-L.T.); (P.-M.L.); (C.C.-Y.Y.)
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571101, China & The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
- Correspondence: (J.F.-W.C.); (K.-Y.Y.); Tel.: +852-2255-2413 (J.F.-W.C. & K.-Y.Y.); Fax: +852-2255-1241 (J.F.-W.C. & K.-Y.Y.)
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27
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The Role of Long-Chain Fatty Acids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:8495913. [PMID: 31780872 PMCID: PMC6874876 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8495913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complicated disease involving multiple pathogenic factors. The complex relationships between long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and the morbidity of IBD drive numerous studies to unravel the underlying mechanisms. A better understanding of the role of LCFAs in IBD will substitute or boost the current IBD therapies, thereby obtaining mucosal healing. In this review, we focused on the roles of LCFAs on the important links of inflammatory regulation in IBD, including in the pathogen recognition phase and in the inflammatory resolving phase, and the effects of LCFAs on immune cells in IBD.
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28
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Therapeutic effectiveness of rectally administered fish oil and mesalazine in trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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29
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The Mediterranean Diet, a Rich Source of Angiopreventive Compounds in Cancer. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092036. [PMID: 31480406 PMCID: PMC6769787 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet-based chemoprevention of cancer has emerged as an interesting approach to evade the disease or even target its early phases, reducing its incidence or slowing down tumor progression. In its basis in the essential role of angiogenesis for tumor growth and metastasis, angioprevention proposes the use of inhibitors of angiogenesis in cancer prevention. The anti-angiogenic potential exhibited by many natural compounds contained in many Mediterranean diet constituents makes this dietary pattern especially interesting as a source of chemopreventive agents, defined within the angioprevention strategy. In this review, we focus on natural bioactive compounds derived from the main foods included in the Mediterranean diet that display anti-angiogenic activity, as well as their possible use as angiopreventive agents.
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30
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Stupin M, Kibel A, Stupin A, Selthofer-Relatić K, Matić A, Mihalj M, Mihaljević Z, Jukić I, Drenjančević I. The Physiological Effect of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 PUFAs) Intake and Exercise on Hemorheology, Microvascular Function, and Physical Performance in Health and Cardiovascular Diseases; Is There an Interaction of Exercise and Dietary n-3 PUFA Intake? Front Physiol 2019; 10:1129. [PMID: 31543828 PMCID: PMC6728652 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity has a beneficial effect on systemic hemodynamics, physical strength, and cardiac function in cardiovascular (CV) patients. Potential beneficial effects of dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), such as α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid on hemorheology, vascular function, inflammation and potential to improve physical performance as well as other CV parameters are currently investigated. Recent meta-analysis suggests no effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation on CV function and outcomes of CV diseases. On the other hand, some studies support beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs dietary intake on CV and muscular system, as well as on immune responses in healthy and in CV patients. Furthermore, the interaction of exercise and dietary n-3 PUFA intake is understudied. Supplementation of n-3 PUFAs has been shown to have antithrombotic effects (by decreasing blood viscosity, decreasing coagulation factor and PAI-1 levels and platelet aggregation/reactivity, enhancing fibrinolysis, but without effects on erythrocyte deformability). They decrease inflammation by decreasing IL-6, MCP-1, TNFα and hsCRP levels, expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules and significantly affect blood composition of fatty acids. Treatment with n-3 PUFAs enhances brachial artery blood flow and conductance during exercise and enhances microvascular post-occlusive hyperemic response in healthy humans, however, the effects are unknown in cardiovascular patients. Supplementation of n-3 PUFAs may improve anaerobic endurance and may modulate oxygen consumption during intense exercise, may increase metabolic capacity, enhance endurance capacity delaying the onset of fatigue, and improving muscle hypertrophy and neuromuscular function in humans and animal models. In addition, n-3 PUFAs have anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects and may attenuate delayed-onset muscle soreness and muscle stiffness, and preserve joint mobility. On the other hand, effects of n-3 PUFAs were variably observed in men and women and they vary depending on dietary protocol, type of supplementation and type of sports activity undertaken, both in healthy and cardiovascular patients. In this review we will discuss the physiological effects of n-3 PUFA intake and exercise on hemorheology, microvascular function, immunomodulation and inflammation and physical performance in healthy persons and in cardiovascular diseases; elucidating if there is an interaction of exercise and diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Stupin
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian National Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Kibel
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian National Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Stupin
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian National Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Pathophysiology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Kristina Selthofer-Relatić
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anita Matić
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian National Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martina Mihalj
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian National Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Dermatology, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Mihaljević
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian National Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jukić
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian National Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian National Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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31
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Anti-angiogenic activity of Gracilaria coronopifolia J.G. Agardh extract by lowering the levels of trace metals (iron, zinc and copper) in duck chorioallantoic membrane and in vitro activation of AMP-kinase. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:4151-4160. [PMID: 31102149 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04864-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an intracellular energy sensor important in metabolic regulation, cell growth, and survival. However, the specific role of AMPK signaling pathway in the inhibition of angiogenesis remains unclear. The study highlights the activity on AMP activated protein kinase signaling pathways of a marine algae, Gracilaria coronopifolia, and its effects on angiogenesis. It was found that the most potent extract, GCD, inhibited angiogenesis significantly in the duck chorioallantoic membrane assay and also activated the enzyme AMP-kinase, in vitro. The dichloromethane extract was found most active in inhibiting angiogenesis in the duck chorioallantoic membrane (IC50 = 1.21 μg/mL) followed by GCH (IC50 = 3.08 μg/mL) (p = 0.479) and GCM (IC50 = 8.93 μg/mL) (p = 0.042). Benferroni post hoc analysis revealed that there was no significant difference between the percent inhibitions of GCH and GCM extracts (p = 0.479). Consequently, angiogenic inhibition caused lowering of iron, zinc, and copper levels in the duck CAM. Thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed the components of each extracts. Notably, this is the first report on the kinase activity of a red algae G. coronopifolia extracts and a colorimetric-based quantification of angiogenesis based on metal content of CAM. Our data also suggest a novel therapeutic approach for inhibiting angiogenesis through the AMPK pathway.
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32
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Omega-3 fatty acids and leukocyte-endothelium adhesion: Novel anti-atherosclerotic actions. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 64:169-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Dietary n-3 PUFA May Attenuate Experimental Colitis. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:8430614. [PMID: 29670469 PMCID: PMC5833476 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8430614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) occurred in genetically predisposed people exposed to environmental triggers. Diet has long been suspected to contribute to the development of IBD. Supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) protects against intestinal inflammation in rodent models while clinical trials showed no benefits. We hypothesized that intervention timing is crucial and dietary fatty acid pattern may influence intestinal environment to modify inflammation genesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary effect of PUFA composition on intestinal inflammation. Methods Animals received diet varying in their PUFA composition for four weeks before TNBS-induced colitis. Colon inflammatory markers and gut barrier function parameters were assessed. Inflammatory pathway PCR arrays were determined. Results n-3 diet significantly decreased colon iNOS, COX-2 expression, IL-6 production, and LTB4 production but tended to decrease colon TNFα production (P = 0.0617) compared to control diet. Tight junction protein (claudin-1, occludin) expressions and MUC2 and TFF3 mRNA levels were not different among groups. n-9 diet also decreased colon IL-6 production (P < 0.05). Conclusions Dietary n-3 PUFA influence colitis development by attenuating inflammatory markers. Further research is required to better define dietary advice with a scientific rationale.
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The Imbalance between n-6/n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comprehensive Review and Future Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122619. [PMID: 29206211 PMCID: PMC5751222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Eating habits have changed dramatically over the years, leading to an imbalance in the ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in favour of n-6 PUFAs, particularly in the Western diet. Meanwhile, the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing worldwide. Recent epidemiological data indicate the potential beneficial effect of n-3 PUFAs in ulcerative colitis (UC) prevention, whereas consumption of a higher ratio of n-6 PUFAs versus n-3 PUFAs has been associated with an increased UC incidence. The long-chain dietary n-3 PUFAs are the major components of n-3 fish oil and have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties in several chronic inflammatory disorders, being involved in the regulation of immunological and inflammatory responses. Despite experimental evidence implying biological plausibility, clinical data are still controversial, especially in Crohn’s disease. Clinical trials of fish-oil derivatives in IBD have produced mixed results, showing beneficial effects, but failing to demonstrate a clear protective effect in preventing clinical relapse. Such data are insufficient to make a recommendation for the use of n-3 PUFAs in clinical practice. Here, we present the findings of a comprehensive literature search on the role of n-3 PUFAs in IBD development and treatment, and highlight new therapeutic perspectives.
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Abstract
There are many mechanisms to explain how food may drive and ameliorate inflammation. Although there are no consistent macronutrient associations inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) development, many exclusion diets have been described: IgG-4 guided exclusion diet; semivegetarian diet; low-fat, fiber-limited exclusion diet; Paleolithic diet; Maker's diet; vegan diet; Life without Bread diet; exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN), the Specific Carbohydrate Diet (SCD) and the low FODMAP diet. The literature on diet and IBD is reviewed with a particular focus on EEN, SCD, and low FODMAP diets. Lessons learned from the existing observations and strengths and shortcomings of existing data are presented.
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36
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Ananthakrishnan AN, Khalili H, Song M, Higuchi L, Lochhead P, Richter JM, Chan AT. Genetic Polymorphisms in Fatty Acid Metabolism Modify the Association Between Dietary n3: n6 Intake and Risk of Ulcerative Colitis: A Prospective Cohort Study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2017; 23:1898-1904. [PMID: 28991856 PMCID: PMC5675119 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000001236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High intake of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is associated with a decreased risk of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). However, results have been heterogeneous suggesting that genetic variations in PUFA metabolism may modify this risk. METHODS We conducted a case-control study nested within 2 prospective cohorts, the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHS II. Among women providing blood (n = 62,437) or buccal cells (n = 59,543) for genotyping, we confirmed new diagnoses of CD or UC. Dietary intake was assessed 4 years before diagnosis. Confirmed cases were matched 1:2 to controls. Subjects were genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms at CYP4F3, FADS1, and FADS2 loci. Conditional logistic regression models examined the interaction between genotype, n3:n6 PUFA intake and risk of CD and UC. RESULTS Our study included 101 CD and 139 UC patients matched to 495 controls. On multivariable analysis, high intake of n3:n6 PUFA (above median) demonstrated a trend toward reduced risk of UC (Odds ratio [OR] 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47-1.09, P = 0.11). High n3:n6 PUFA intake was associated with a reduced risk of UC in individuals with the GG/AG genotype at a single nucleotide polymorphism in CYP4F3 (OR 0.57, 95% CI, 0.32-0.99) but not those with the AA genotype (OR 0.95, 95% CI, 0.47-1.93) (P-interaction = 0.049). No gene-diet interactions were noted for CD. CONCLUSIONS The association between dietary n3:n6 PUFA intake and risk of UC may be modified variants at CYP4F3. Further gene-environment studies of the association between diet and IBD risk are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Hamed Khalili
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Leslie Higuchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Paul Lochhead
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - James M Richter
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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Ungaro F, Rubbino F, Danese S, D'Alessio S. Actors and Factors in the Resolution of Intestinal Inflammation: Lipid Mediators As a New Approach to Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1331. [PMID: 29109724 PMCID: PMC5660440 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in genetically predisposed subjects susceptible to specific environmental factors has been attributed to disturbance of both the immune and non-immune system and/or to the imbalanced interactions with microbes. However, increasing evidences support the idea that defects in pro-resolving pathways might strongly contribute to IBD onset. The resolution of inflammation is now recognized as a dynamic event coordinated by specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (LMs), which dampen inflammation-sustaining events, such as angiogenesis, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, clearance of apoptotic cells, and microorganisms. Among these pro-resolving molecules, those derived from essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to induce favorable effects on a plethora of human inflammatory disorders, including IBD. Here, we offer a summary of mechanisms involving both cellular and molecular components of the immune response and underlying the anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties of PUFAs and their derivatives in the gut, focusing on both ω-3 and ω-6 LMs. These fatty acids may influence IBD progression by: reducing neutrophil transmigration across the intestinal vasculature and the epithelium, preventing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the up-regulation of adhesion molecules, and finally by promoting the production of other pro-resolving molecules. We also discuss the numerous attempts in using pro-resolving PUFAs to ameliorate intestinal inflammation, both in patients with IBD and mouse models. Although their effects in reducing inflammation is incontestable, results from previous works describing the effects of PUFA administration to prevent or treat IBD are controversial. Therefore, more efforts are needed not only to identify and explain the physiological functions of PUFAs in the gut, but also to unveil novel biosynthetic pathways of these pro-resolving LMs that may be dysregulated in these gut-related disorders. We suppose that either PUFAs or new medications specifically promoting resolution-regulating mediators and pathways will be much better tolerated by patients with IBD, with the advantage of avoiding immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ungaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Federica Rubbino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Silvio Danese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy.,Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IBD Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Silvia D'Alessio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy
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Cui C, Li Y, Gao H, Zhang H, Han J, Zhang D, Li Y, Zhou J, Lu C, Su X. Modulation of the gut microbiota by the mixture of fish oil and krill oil in high-fat diet-induced obesity mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186216. [PMID: 29016689 PMCID: PMC5633193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies confirmed that dietary supplements of fish oil and krill oil can alleviate obesity in mice, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to discern whether oil treatment change the structure of the gut microbiota during the obesity alleviation. The ICR mice received high-fat diet (HFD) continuously for 12 weeks after two weeks of acclimatization with a standard chow diet, and the mice fed with a standard chow diet were used as the control. In the groups that received HFD with oil supplementation, the weight gains were attenuated and the liver index, total cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were reduced stepwise compared with the HFD group, and the overall structure of the gut microbiota, which was modulated in the HFD group, was shifted toward the structure found in the control group. Moreover, eighty-two altered operational taxonomic units responsive to oil treatment were identified and nineteen of them differing in one or more parameters associated with obesity. In conclusion, this study confirmed the effect of oil treatment on obesity alleviation, as well as on the microbiota structure alterations. We proposed that further researches are needed to elucidate the causal relationship between obesity alleviation and gut microbiota modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Cui
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Hang Gao
- The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaojiao Han
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dijun Zhang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ye Li
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenyang Lu
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiurong Su
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Efficacies of vitamin D and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on experimental endometriosis. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 55:835-839. [PMID: 28040129 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 (vitamin D) and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFA) on experimentally induced endometriosis in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective, single-blind, randomized, controlled experimental study was performed on 30 Wistar female rats. Endometriosis was surgically induced by implanting endometrial tissue on the abdominal peritoneum. Four weeks later, a second laparotomy was performed to assess pre-treatment implant volumes and cytokine levels. The rats were randomized into three groups: vitamin D group (42 μg/kg/day), omega-3 PUFA group (450 mg/kg/day), and control group (saline 0.1 mL/rat/day). These treatments were administered for 4 weeks. At the end of treatment, a third laparotomy was performed for the assessment of cytokine levels, implant volumes (post-treatment) and implants were totally excised for histopathologic examination. Pre- and post-treatment volumes, cytokine levels within the groups, as well as stromal and glandular tissues between the groups were compared. RESULTS The mean post-treatment volume was statistically significantly reduced in the omega-3 PUFA group (p=0.02) and the level of the interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the peritoneal fluid were significantly decreased at the end of treatment in the omega-3 PUFA group (p=0.02, p=0.03, and p=0.03, respectively). In the vitamin D group, only IL-6 levels were significantly decreased. In the histopathologic examination, the glandular tissue and stromal tissue scores of the implants were significant lower in the omega-3 PUFA group (p=0.03 and p=0.02). CONCLUSION Omega-3 PUFA caused significant regression of endometriotic implants. Vitamin D has not been as effective as omega-3 PUFA on endometriosis.
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Yamagata K. Docosahexaenoic acid regulates vascular endothelial cell function and prevents cardiovascular disease. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:118. [PMID: 28619112 PMCID: PMC5472966 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is present in high concentrations in salmon, herring, and trout. Epidemiologic studies have shown that high dietary consumption of these and other oily fish is associated with reduced rates of myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, and other ischemic pathologies. Atherosclerosis is induced by inflammation and can lead to acute cardiovascular events and extensive plaque. DHA inhibits the development of inflammation in endothelial cells, alters the function and regulation of vascular biomarkers, and reduces cardiovascular risk. It also affects vascular relaxation and constriction by controlling nitric oxide and endothelin 1 production in endothelial cells. DHA also contributes to the prevention of arteriosclerosis by regulating the expression of oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, thromboxane A2 receptor, and adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 in endothelial cells. Recent research showed that DHA reduces the increase in adhesion factor expression induced by lipopolysaccharide by suppressing toll-like receptor 4. A new mechanism of action of DHA has been described that is mediated through endothelial free fatty acid receptor 4, associated with heme oxygenase 1 induction by Nrf2. However, the efficacy and mechanisms of action of DHA in cardiovascular disease prevention are not yet completely understood. The aim of this paper was to review the effects of DHA on vascular endothelial cells and recent findings on their potential for the prevention of circulatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Yamagata
- Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresourse, Science, Nihon University (NUBS), 1866, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-8510, Japan.
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Marion-Letellier R, Bohn P, Modzelewski R, Vera P, Aziz M, Guérin C, Savoye G, Savoye-Collet C. SPECT-computed tomography in rats with TNBS-induced colitis: A first step toward functional imaging. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:216-223. [PMID: 28127195 PMCID: PMC5236501 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i2.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the feasibility of SPECT-computed tomography (CT) in rats with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced acute colitis and confront it with model inflammatory characteristics.
METHODS Colitis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by intrarectal injection of TNBS (n = 10) while controls received vehicle (n = 10). SPECT-CT with intravenous injection of 10 MBq of 67Ga-Citrate was performed at day 2. SPECT-CT criteria were colon wall thickness and maximal wall signal intensity. Laboratory parameters were assessed: colon weight:length ratio, colon cyclooxygenase-2 expression by western blot and histological inflammatory score.
RESULTS Colon weight/length ratio, colon COX-2 expression and histological inflammatory score were significantly higher in the TNBS group than in the control group (P = 0.0296, P < 0.0001, P = 0.0007 respectively). Pixel max tend to be higher in the TNBS group than in the control group but did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.0662). Maximal thickness is significantly increased in the TNBS group compared to the control group (P = 0.0016) while colon diameter is not (P = 0.1904). Maximal thickness and colon diameter were correlated to colon COX-2 expression (P = 0.0093, P = 0.009 respectively) while pixel max was not (P = 0.22). Maximal thickness was significantly increased when inflammation was histologically observed (P = 0.0043) while pixel max and colon diameter did not (P = 0.2452, P = 0.3541, respectively).
CONCLUSION SPECT-CT is feasible and easily distinguished control from colitic rats.
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Sohail MU, Althani A, Anwar H, Rizzi R, Marei HE. Role of the Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiome in the Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:9631435. [PMID: 29082264 PMCID: PMC5634576 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9631435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes mellitus is rapidly increasing throughout the world. Although the exact cause of the disease is not fully clear, perhaps, genetics, ethnic origin, obesity, age, and lifestyle are considered as few of many contributory factors for the disease pathogenesis. In recent years, the disease progression is particularly linked with functional and taxonomic alterations in the gastrointestinal tract microbiome. A change in microbial diversity, referred as microbial dysbiosis, alters the gut fermentation profile and intestinal wall integrity and causes metabolic endotoxemia, low-grade inflammation, autoimmunity, and other affiliated metabolic disorders. This article aims to summarize the role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Additionally, we summarize gut microbial dysbiosis in preclinical and clinical diabetes cases reported in literature in the recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad U. Sohail
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
- Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Asmaa Althani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Haseeb Anwar
- Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Roberto Rizzi
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), Italian National Council of Research (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Hany E. Marei
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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Discovery and preclinical development of a novel prodrug conjugate of mesalamine with eicosapentaenoic acid and caprylic acid for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 40:443-451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Marion-Letellier R, Savoye G, Ghosh S. IBD: In Food We Trust. J Crohns Colitis 2016; 10:1351-1361. [PMID: 27194533 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Both science and patients associate diet with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. There is no doubt that links between IBD and diet are numerous, based on both epidemiological studies and experimental studies. However, scientific evidence to support dietary advice is currently lacking, and dietary counselling for IBD patients is often limited in clinical practice to the improvement of nutrient intake. This review aimed to focus on both patient's beliefs about and molecular mechanisms for crosstalk between nutrients and inflammation. METHODS A literature search using PubMed was performed to identify relevant studies on diet and/or nutrients and their role in IBD. Pubmed [from inception to January 20, 2016] was searched using the terms: 'Crohn', 'colitis',' intestinal epithelial cells', and a list of terms relating to diet or numerous specific nutrients. Terms associated with nutrients were individually tested in the context of IBD. Reference lists from studies selected were manually searched to identify further relevant reports. Manuscripts about diet in the context of IBD from basic science, epidemiological studies, or clinical trials were selected and reviewed. Only articles published in English were included. RESULTS Epidemiological studies highlight the key role of diet in IBD development, and many IBD patients report diet as a triggering factor in relapse of disease. In addition, we present research on the impact of nutrients on innate immunity. CONCLUSION Diet may offer an alternative approach to restoring deficient innate immunity in IBD, and this may be the scientific rationale for providing dietary counselling for IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillaume Savoye
- INSERM Unit UMR1073, Rouen University and Rouen University Hospital, Rouen cedex, France.,Department of Gastroenterology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen cedex, France
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Yum HW, Na HK, Surh YJ. Anti-inflammatory effects of docosahexaenoic acid: Implications for its cancer chemopreventive potential. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 40-41:141-159. [PMID: 27546289 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The implication of inflammatory tissue damage in pathophysiology of human cancer as well as some metabolic disorders has been under intense investigation. Numerous studies have identified a series of critical signaling molecules involved in cellular responses to inflammatory stimuli. These include nuclear factor κB, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1. The proper regulation of these transcription factors mediating pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling hence provides an important strategy for the chemoprevention of inflammation-associated cancer. There is compelling evidence supporting that dietary supplementation with fish oil-derived ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ameliorates symptomatic inflammation associated with cancer as well as other divergent human disorders. Acute or physiologic inflammation is an essential body's first line of defence to microbial infection and tissue injuries, but it must be properly completed by a process termed 'resolution'. Failure of resolution mechanisms can result in persistence of inflammation, leading to chronic inflammatory conditions and related malignancies. The phagocytic engulfment of apoptotic neutrophils and clearance of their potentially histotoxic contents by macrophages, called efferocytosis is an essential component in resolving inflammation. Of note, DHA is a precursor of endogenous proresolving lipid mediators which regulate the leukocyte trafficking and recruitment and thereby facilitate efferocytosis. Therefore, DHA and its metabolites may have a preventive potential in the management of human cancer which arises as a consequence of impaired resolution of inflammation as well as chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Won Yum
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, 01133, South Korea.
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea.
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Cibor D, Domagala-Rodacka R, Rodacki T, Jurczyszyn A, Mach T, Owczarek D. Endothelial dysfunction in inflammatory bowel diseases: Pathogenesis, assessment and implications. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:1067-1077. [PMID: 26811647 PMCID: PMC4716020 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i3.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is considered one of the etiological factors of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). An inflammatory process leads to functional and structural changes in the vascular endothelium. An increase of leukocyte adhesiveness and leukocyte diapedesis, as well as an increased vascular smooth muscle tone and procoagulant activity is observed. Structural changes of the vascular endothelium comprise as well capillary and venule remodeling and proliferation of endothelial cells. Hypoxia in the inflammatory area stimulates angiogenesis by up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor and tumor necrosis factor-α. Inflammatory mediators also alter the lymphatic vessel function and impair lymph flow, exacerbating tissue edema and accumulation of dead cells and bacteria. The endothelial dysfunction might be diagnosed by the use of two main methods: physical and biochemical. Physical methods are based on the assessment of large arteries vasodilatation in response to an increased flow and receptors stimulation. Flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) is the method that is the most widely used; however, it is less sensitive in detecting early changes of the endothelium function. Most of the studies demonstrated a decrease of FMD in IBD patients but no changes in the carotic intima-media thickness. Biochemical methods of detecting the endothelial dysfunction are based on the assessment of the synthesis of compounds produced both by the normal and damaged endothelium. The endothelial dysfunction is considered an initial step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in the general population. In IBD patients, the risk of cardiovascular diseases is controversial. Large, prospective studies are needed to establish the role of particular medications or dietary elements in the endothelial dysfunction as well to determine the real risk of cardiovascular diseases.
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The role of immunomodulators on intestinal barrier homeostasis in experimental models. Clin Nutr 2015; 34:1080-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Liu GR, Ming L, Zhu WN, Shi WL, Zhao M, Li RY, Lu JL, Zhang SM. Clinical effects of diet therapy plus oral probiotics plus Etiasa gas enema in ulcerative colitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:4750-4755. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i29.4750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of diet therapy combined with basic therapy (oral probiotics and Etiasa gas enema) for ulcerative colitis (UC).
METHODS: Ninety patients with moderate or mild to moderate UC were randomly divided into an experimental group, a control group and a blank group. The experimental group and control group were given oral probiotics and Etiasa gas enema. The experimental group and blank group received diet therapy. Inflammatory indicators [leukocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein] indicators were compared between different groups before and after treatments.
RESULTS: The remission rate in the experimental group was higher than those in the control group and blank group (90% vs 83.3%, 80.0%). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were significantly different between before and after treatment in the three groups, and the experimental group was better than the control group and the blank group (ESR: F = 7.879, P = 0.000 < 0.01; C-reactive protein: F = 22.030, P = 0.000 < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Diet therapy combined with basic therapy is superior to either medical therapy or diet therapy alone in ulcerative colitis.
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Talero E, García-Mauriño S, Ávila-Román J, Rodríguez-Luna A, Alcaide A, Motilva V. Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Microalgae in Chronic Inflammation and Cancer. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:6152-209. [PMID: 26437418 PMCID: PMC4626684 DOI: 10.3390/md13106152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of onset of cancer is influenced by poorly controlled chronic inflammatory processes. Inflammatory diseases related to cancer development include inflammatory bowel disease, which can lead to colon cancer, or actinic keratosis, associated with chronic exposure to ultraviolet light, which can progress to squamous cell carcinoma. Chronic inflammatory states expose these patients to a number of signals with tumorigenic effects, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) activation, pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins release and ROS production. In addition, the participation of inflammasomes, autophagy and sirtuins has been demonstrated in pathological processes such as inflammation and cancer. Chemoprevention consists in the use of drugs, vitamins, or nutritional supplements to reduce the risk of developing or having a recurrence of cancer. Numerous in vitro and animal studies have established the potential colon and skin cancer chemopreventive properties of substances from marine environment, including microalgae species and their products (carotenoids, fatty acids, glycolipids, polysaccharides and proteins). This review summarizes the main mechanisms of actions of these compounds in the chemoprevention of these cancers. These actions include suppression of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, stimulation of antimetastatic and antiangiogenic responses and increased antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Talero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain.
| | - Sofía García-Mauriño
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain.
| | - Javier Ávila-Román
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain.
| | - Azahara Rodríguez-Luna
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain.
| | - Antonio Alcaide
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain.
| | - Virginia Motilva
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain.
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Marion-Letellier R, Savoye G, Ghosh S. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammation. IUBMB Life 2015; 67:659-67. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Marion-Letellier
- INSERM Unit UMR1073, Rouen University and Rouen University Hospital; 22, Boulevard Gambetta Rouen Cedex 76183 France
| | - Guillaume Savoye
- INSERM Unit UMR1073, Rouen University and Rouen University Hospital; 22, Boulevard Gambetta Rouen Cedex 76183 France
- Department of Gastroenterology; Rouen University Hospital; 1 Rue De Germont Rouen Cedex 76031 France
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- Division of Gastroenterology; University of Calgary; AB Canada
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