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Singh N, Nandy SK, Jyoti A, Saxena J, Sharma A, Siddiqui AJ, Sharma L. Protein Kinase C (PKC) in Neurological Health: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease and Chronic Alcohol Consumption. Brain Sci 2024; 14:554. [PMID: 38928554 PMCID: PMC11201589 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a diverse enzyme family crucial for cell signalling in various organs. Its dysregulation is linked to numerous diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurological problems. In the brain, PKC plays pivotal roles in synaptic plasticity, learning, memory, and neuronal survival. Specifically, PKC's involvement in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathogenesis is of significant interest. The dysregulation of PKC signalling has been linked to neurological disorders, including AD. This review elucidates PKC's pivotal role in neurological health, particularly its implications in AD pathogenesis and chronic alcohol addiction. AD, characterised by neurodegeneration, implicates PKC dysregulation in synaptic dysfunction and cognitive decline. Conversely, chronic alcohol consumption elicits neural adaptations intertwined with PKC signalling, exacerbating addictive behaviours. By unravelling PKC's involvement in these afflictions, potential therapeutic avenues emerge, offering promise for ameliorating their debilitating effects. This review navigates the complex interplay between PKC, AD pathology, and alcohol addiction, illuminating pathways for future neurotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishtha Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology, and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (N.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Shouvik Kumar Nandy
- School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Sector-V, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India;
| | - Anupam Jyoti
- Department of Life Science, Parul Institute of Applied Science, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India;
| | - Juhi Saxena
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Technology, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India;
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology, and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (N.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lalit Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology, and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (N.S.); (A.S.)
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Liu Z, Huang H, Xie J, Xu Y, Xu C. Circulating fatty acids and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic liver disease mortality in the UK Biobank. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3707. [PMID: 38697980 PMCID: PMC11065883 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based plasma fatty acids are objective biomarkers of many diseases. Herein, we aim to explore the associations of NMR-based plasma fatty acids with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and chronic liver disease (CLD) mortality in 252,398 UK Biobank participants. Here we show plasma levels of n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and n-6 PUFA are negatively associated with the risk of incident HCC [HRQ4vsQ1: 0.48 (95% CI: 0.33-0.69) and 0.48 (95% CI: 0.28-0.81), respectively] and CLD mortality [HRQ4vsQ1: 0.21 (95% CI: 0.13-0.33) and 0.15 (95% CI: 0.08-0.30), respectively], whereas plasma levels of saturated fatty acids are positively associated with these outcomes [HRQ4vsQ1: 3.55 (95% CI: 2.25-5.61) for HCC and 6.34 (95% CI: 3.68-10.92) for CLD mortality]. Furthermore, fibrosis stage significantly modifies the associations between PUFA and CLD mortality. This study contributes to the limited prospective evidence on the associations between plasma-specific fatty acids and end-stage liver outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhening Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Hangkai Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jiarong Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, the Third People's Hospital of Yuyao, Yuyao, 311101, China
| | - Chengfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Niu Z, Liu J, Peng H, Wu X, Zheng X, Yao S, Xu C. Dietary composition and its association with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease among Chinese adults: A cross-sectional study. Arab J Gastroenterol 2024; 25:205-213. [PMID: 38378357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Diet plays a critical role in the prevention and treatment of MAFLD. Our hypothesis was that the intake of some macronutrients, vitamins, or mineral elements is associated with MAFLD. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with MAFLD can be diagnosed based on the evidence of hepatic steatosis and if they meet any of the three additional criteria of overweight/obesity, diabetes mellitus, or metabolic dysregulation. Diets were recorded using photographs and diaries of meals for seven consecutive days. The consumed dietary composition was compared with the recommended intake according to the China Food Composition Tables (Standard Edition) version 2019 and the Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes version 2013, and its association with MAFLD was assessed by logistical regression analyses. RESULTS A total of 229 MAFLD patients and 148 healthy controls were included in this study. MAFLD patients, compared with that by non-MAFLD participants, consumed more polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (p < 0.001), vitamin E (p < 0.001), and iron (p = 0.008). The intake of PUFAs (OR = 1.070, 95 % CI: 1.017-1.127, p = 0.009) and vitamin E (OR = 1.100, 95 % CI: 1.018-1.190, p = 0.016) was positively associated with MAFLD. In addition, the percentages of individuals who consumed PUFAs (p = 0.006), vitamin E (p < 0.001), or iron (p = 0.046) above the recommended intake were higher among the individuals with MAFLD. Daily intake of PUFAs > 11 % (OR = 2.328, 95 % CI: 1.290-4.201, p = 0.005) and vitamin E > 14 mg (OR = 2.189, 95 % CI: 1.153-4.158, p = 0.017) was positively correlated with MAFLD. CONCLUSIONS Patients with MAFLD consumed more PUFAs, vitamin E, and iron in their daily diet. Excessive consumption of PUFAs and vitamin E might be independent risk factors for the incidence of MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuohu Niu
- Department of Infections, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hongye Peng
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinzhuo Zheng
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shukun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Chunjun Xu
- Department of Infections, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China.
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Videla LA, Valenzuela R, Zúñiga-Hernández J, Del Campo A. Relevant Aspects of Combined Protocols for Prevention of N(M)AFLD and Other Non-Communicable Diseases. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2400062. [PMID: 38506156 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202400062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a global health issue characterized by the excessive fat accumulation, leading to an increased risk of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), which can progress from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, there are no approved pharmacological protocols for prevention/treatment of MAFLD, and due the complexity lying beneath these mechanisms, monotherapies are unlikely to be efficacious. This review article analyzes the possibility that NCDs can be prevented or attenuated by the combination of bioactive substances, as they could promote higher response rates, maximum reaction results, additive or synergistic effects due to compounds having similar or different mechanisms of action and/or refraining possible side effects, related to the use of lower doses and exposures times than monotherapies. Accordingly, prevention of mouse MAFLD is observed with the combination of the omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid with the antioxidant hydroxytyrosol, whereas attenuation of mild cognitive impairment is attained by folic acid plus cobalamin in elderly patients. The existence of several drawbacks underlying published monotherapies or combined trials, opens space for adequate and stricter experimental and clinical tryouts to achieve meaningful outcomes with human applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, 8380453, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, 8380453, Chile
| | - Jessica Zúñiga-Hernández
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca, 3465548, Chile
| | - Andrea Del Campo
- Cellular Physiology and Bioenergetic Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, 7820436, Chile
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Li H, Wang XK, Tang M, Lei L, Li JR, Sun H, Jiang J, Dong B, Li HY, Jiang JD, Peng ZG. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron ameliorates mouse hepatic steatosis through regulating gut microbial composition, gut-liver folate and unsaturated fatty acids metabolism. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2304159. [PMID: 38277137 PMCID: PMC10824146 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2304159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays an essential role in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), making the gut-liver axis a potential therapeutic strategy. Bacteroides genus, the enriched gut symbionts, has shown promise in treating fatty liver. However, further investigation is needed to identify specific beneficial Bacteroides strains for metabolic disorders in NAFLD and elucidate their underlying mechanisms. In this study, we observed a positive correlation between the abundance of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (B. theta) and the alleviation of metabolic syndrome in the early and end stages of NAFLD. Administration of B. theta to HFD-fed mice for 12 weeks reduced body weight and fat accumulation, decreased hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance, and prevented hepatic steatohepatitis and liver injury. Notably, B. theta did not affect these indicators in low-fat diet (LFD)-fed mice and exhibited good safety. Mechanistically, B. theta regulated gut microbial composition, characterized by a decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in HFD-Fed mice. It also increased gut-liver folate levels and hepatic metabolites, alleviating metabolic dysfunction. Additionally, treatment with B. theta increased the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acid in the mouse liver, offering a widely reported benefit for NAFLD improvement. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that B. theta ameliorates NAFLD by regulating gut microbial composition, enhancing gut-liver folate and unsaturated fatty acid metabolism, highlighting the therapeutic role of B. theta as a potential probiotic for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, The National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Kai Wang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Tang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Lei
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Rui Li
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Han Sun
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Dong
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, The National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Ying Li
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, The National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zong-Gen Peng
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, The National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Šmíd V, Dvořák K, Stehnová K, Strnad H, Rubert J, Stříteský J, Staňková B, Stránská M, Hajšlová J, Brůha R, Vítek L. The Ameliorating Effects of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Liver Steatosis Induced by a High-Fat Methionine Choline-Deficient Diet in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17226. [PMID: 38139055 PMCID: PMC10743075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with abnormalities of liver lipid metabolism. On the contrary, a diet enriched with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3-PUFAs) has been reported to ameliorate the progression of NAFLD. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of dietary n-3-PUFA enrichment on the development of NAFLD and liver lipidome. Mice were fed for 6 weeks either a high-fat methionine choline-deficient diet (MCD) or standard chow with or without n-3-PUFAs. Liver histology, serum biochemistry, detailed plasma and liver lipidomic analyses, and genome-wide transcriptome analysis were performed. Mice fed an MCD developed histopathological changes characteristic of NAFLD, and these changes were ameliorated with n-3-PUFAs. Simultaneously, n-3-PUFAs decreased serum triacylglycerol and cholesterol concentrations as well as ALT and AST activities. N-3-PUFAs decreased serum concentrations of saturated and monounsaturated free fatty acids (FAs), while increasing serum concentrations of long-chain PUFAs. Furthermore, in the liver, the MCD significantly increased the hepatic triacylglycerol content, while the administration of n-3-PUFAs eliminated this effect. Administration of n-3-PUFAs led to significant beneficial differences in gene expression within biosynthetic pathways of cholesterol, FAs, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and TNF-α). To conclude, n-3-PUFA supplementation appears to represent a promising nutraceutical approach for the restoration of abnormalities in liver lipid metabolism and the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Šmíd
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic (R.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Karel Dvořák
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic (R.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Kamila Stehnová
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (J.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Hynek Strnad
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josep Rubert
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (J.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Jan Stříteský
- Institute of Pathology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Barbora Staňková
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic (R.B.); (L.V.)
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milena Stránská
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (J.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Jana Hajšlová
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (J.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Radan Brůha
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic (R.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Libor Vítek
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic (R.B.); (L.V.)
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
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7
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Myint M, Oppedisano F, De Giorgi V, Kim BM, Marincola FM, Alter HJ, Nesci S. Inflammatory signaling in NASH driven by hepatocyte mitochondrial dysfunctions. J Transl Med 2023; 21:757. [PMID: 37884933 PMCID: PMC10605416 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver steatosis, inflammation, and variable degrees of fibrosis are the pathological manifestations of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an aggressive presentation of the most prevalent chronic liver disease in the Western world known as nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL). Mitochondrial hepatocyte dysfunction is a primary event that triggers inflammation, affecting Kupffer and hepatic stellate cell behaviour. Here, we consider the role of impaired mitochondrial function caused by lipotoxicity during oxidative stress in hepatocytes. Dysfunction in oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial ROS production cause the release of damage-associated molecular patterns from dying hepatocytes, leading to activation of innate immunity and trans-differentiation of hepatic stellate cells, thereby driving fibrosis in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | | | | | - Harvey J Alter
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy.
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Martín-Grau M, Pardo-Tendero M, Casanova P, Dromant M, Marrachelli VG, Morales JM, Borrás C, Pisoni S, Maestrini S, Di Blasio AM, Monleon D. Altered Lipid Moieties and Carbonyls in a Wistar Rat Dietary Model of Subclinical Fatty Liver: Potential Sex-Specific Biomarkers of Early Fatty Liver Disease? Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1808. [PMID: 37891887 PMCID: PMC10604774 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition in which excess fat builds up in the liver. To date, there is a lack of knowledge about the subtype of lipid structures affected in the early stages of NAFLD. The aim of this study was to analyze serum and liver lipid moieties, specifically unsaturations and carbonyls, by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in a subclinical Wistar rat model of NAFLD for detecting early alterations and potential sex dimorphisms. Twelve weeks of a high-fat diet (HFD) induced fat accumulation in the liver to a similar extent in male and female Wistar rats. In addition to total liver fat accumulation, Wistar rats showed a shift in lipid subtype composition. HFD rats displayed increased lipid carbonyls in both liver and serum, and decreased in unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), with a much stronger effect in male than female animals. Our results revealed that the change in fat was not only quantitative but also qualitative, with dramatic shifts in relevant lipid structures. Finally, we compared the results found in Wistar rats with an analysis in a human patient cohort of extreme obesity. For the first time to our knowledge, lipid carbonyl levels and lipoproteins profiles were analyzed in the context of subclinical NAFLD. The association found between lipid carbonyls and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in a human cohort of extremely obese individuals further supports the potential role of lipid moieties as biomarkers of early NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Martín-Grau
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- University Clinical Hospital of Valencia Research Foundation (INCLIVA), 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Pardo-Tendero
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- University Clinical Hospital of Valencia Research Foundation (INCLIVA), 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Casanova
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- University Clinical Hospital of Valencia Research Foundation (INCLIVA), 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mar Dromant
- University Clinical Hospital of Valencia Research Foundation (INCLIVA), 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vannina G Marrachelli
- University Clinical Hospital of Valencia Research Foundation (INCLIVA), 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Morales
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- University Clinical Hospital of Valencia Research Foundation (INCLIVA), 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Borrás
- University Clinical Hospital of Valencia Research Foundation (INCLIVA), 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Serena Pisoni
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sabrina Maestrini
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20145 Milano, Italy
| | - Anna M Di Blasio
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20145 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniel Monleon
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- University Clinical Hospital of Valencia Research Foundation (INCLIVA), 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBERFES_ISCIII, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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9
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Montemayor S, García S, Monserrat-Mesquida M, Tur JA, Bouzas C. Dietary Patterns, Foods, and Nutrients to Ameliorate Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3987. [PMID: 37764771 PMCID: PMC10534915 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease without pharmacological treatment yet. There is also a lack of specific dietary recommendations and strategies to treat the negative health impacts derived from NAFLD. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aimed to compile dietary patterns, foods, and nutrients to ameliorate NAFLD. METHODS A literature search was performed through MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. RESULTS Several guidelines are available through the literature. Hypocaloric Mediterranean diet is the most accepted dietary pattern to tackle NAFLD. Coffee consumption (sugar free) may have a protective effect for NAFLD. Microbiota also plays a role in NAFLD; hence, fibre intake should be guaranteed. CONCLUSIONS A high-quality diet could improve liver steatosis. Weight loss through hypocaloric diet together with physical activity and limited sugar intake are good strategies for managing NAFLD. Specific dietary recommendations and a Mediterranean plate have been proposed to ameliorate NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Montemayor
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain (C.B.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Silvia García
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain (C.B.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Margalida Monserrat-Mesquida
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain (C.B.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain (C.B.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain (C.B.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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10
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Vachliotis ID, Polyzos SA. The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Curr Obes Rep 2023; 12:191-206. [PMID: 37407724 PMCID: PMC10482776 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize experimental and clinical evidence on the association between tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and discuss potential treatment considerations. RECENT FINDINGS Experimental evidence suggests that TNF-α is a cytokine with a critical role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Although, the production of TNF-α may be an early event during the course of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), TNF-α may play a more substantial role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and NAFLD-associated fibrosis. Moreover, TNF-α may potentiate hepatic insulin resistance, thus interconnecting inflammatory with metabolic signals and possibly contributing to the development of NAFLD-related comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and extra-hepatic malignancies. In clinical terms, TNF-α is probably associated with the severity of NAFLD; circulating TNF-α gradually increases from controls to patients with NAFL, and then, to patients with NASH. Given this potential association, various therapeutic interventions (obeticholic acid, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, probiotics, synbiotics, rifaximin, vitamin E, pentoxifylline, ursodeoxycholic acid, fibroblast growth factor-21, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, statins, angiotensin receptor blockers) have been evaluated for their effect on TNF-α and NAFLD. Interestingly, anti-TNF biologics have shown favorable metabolic and hepatic effects, which may open a possible therapeutic window for the management of advanced NAFLD. The potential key pathogenic role of TNF-α in NAFLD warrants further investigation and may have important diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias D. Vachliotis
- First Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, 424 General Military Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stergios A. Polyzos
- First Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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11
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Bae JH, Lim H, Lim S. The Potential Cardiometabolic Effects of Long-Chain ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Recent Updates and Controversies. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:612-628. [PMID: 37031750 PMCID: PMC10334139 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Various health-related effects of long-chain (LC) ω-3 PUFAs, EPA, and DHA have been suggested. LC ω-3 PUFAs reduce TG concentrations and have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiplatelet, and vascular protective effects. Controversially, they might help in restoring glucose homeostasis via the gut microbiota. However, previous studies have not shown the clear benefits of LC ω-3 PUFAs for CVDs. REDUCE-IT and STRENGTH-representative randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined whether LC ω-3 PUFAs would prevent major adverse cardiovascular (CV) events (MACE)-showed conflicting results with differences in the types, doses, or comparators of LC ω-3 PUFAs and study populations. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis using major RCTs to address this inconsistency and assess the clinical and biological effects of LC ω-3 PUFAs. We included RCTs that involved ≥500 participants with ≥1 y follow-up. Of 17 studies involving 143,410 people, LC ω-3 PUFA supplementation showed beneficial effects on CV death (RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.99; P = 0.029) and fatal or nonfatal MI (RR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.95; P = 0.010). RCTs on EPA alone showed better results for 3-point MACE, CV death, and fatal or nonfatal MI. However, the benefits were not found for fatal or nonfatal stroke, all-cause mortality, and hospitalization for heart failure. Of note, studies of both the EPA/DHA combination and EPA alone showed a significant increase in risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation. Thus, well-designed studies are needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved in the distinct effects of EPA compared with DHA on cardiometabolic diseases. This review discusses the potential benefits and safety of LC ω-3 PUFAs from a cardiometabolic perspective focusing on recent updates and controversies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Aljahdali BA, Bajaber AS, Al-Nouri DM, Al-Khalifah AS, Arzoo S, Alasmari AA. The Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Metabolic Syndromes in Diet-Induced Rodent Models. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1336. [PMID: 37374119 DOI: 10.3390/life13061336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary macronutrients are essential for metabolic regulation and insulin function. The present study examined the effects of different high-fat diets (HFDs) and high-carbohydrate diets (HCDs) on the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome indices in healthy adult male Wistar albino rats. Forty-two rats were distributed into six groups (n = 7), which were fed the following for 22 weeks: (1) a control diet; (2) a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet (HCD-LFD); (3) high-saturated-fat, low-carbohydrate diet (HSF-LCD); (4) a high-monounsaturated-fat diet (HMUSF); (5) a high medium-chain fat diet (HMCF); and a (6) a high-carbohydrate, high-fiber diet (HCHF). In comparison to the control, the body weight increased in all the groups. The HSF-LCD group showed the highest levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, hepatic enzyme, insulin resistance, and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance. A liver histology analysis of the HSF-LCD group showed macrovesicular hepatic steatosis associated with large hepatic vacuolation. Additionally, it showed marked periportal fibrosis, especially around the blood vessels and blood capillaries. The lowest levels of fasting glycemia, insulin, and HOMA-IR were observed in the HCHF group. In conclusion, these findings show that dietary saturated fat and cholesterol are principal components in the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats, while fiber showed the greatest improvement in glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayan Abdulhafid Aljahdali
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 1495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Salem Bajaber
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 1495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doha M Al-Nouri
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 1495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Saleh Al-Khalifah
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 1495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaista Arzoo
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 1495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Abdullah Alasmari
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 1495, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Lopez-Pentecost M, Hallmark B, Thomson CA, Chilton F, Garcia DO. Association between Dietary Fatty Acid Intake and Liver Steatosis and Fibrosis in a Sample of Mexican-Origin Hispanic Adults with Overweight or Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3103. [PMID: 36833798 PMCID: PMC9960945 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rates of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) vary dramatically among Hispanic subpopulations, with Mexican-origin (MO) Hispanics experiencing a disproportionate burden. This study examined dietary fatty acid (FA) intake among overweight and obese MO Hispanic adults in the United States (US) and evaluated its association with liver steatosis and fibrosis. Participants (N = 285, MO Hispanic adults) completed 24-h dietary recalls to assess dietary FA exposure. Liver steatosis and fibrosis were estimated using transient elastography (FibroScan®). Multiple regression analysis tested relationships between FA intakes and liver steatosis or fibrosis, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and total energy. A total of 51% (n = 145) of participants were suspected to have NAFLD and 20% self-reported a type 2 diabetes diagnosis. No significant association was observed between Linoleic Acid and α-Linolenic Acid (LA:ALA) ratio, or omega-6 to omega-3 (n-6:n-3) ratio and liver steatosis. However, a one-point increase in the LA:ALA ratio resulted in a 1.01% increase in the liver fibrosis scores (95% CI: [1.00, 1.03]; p = 0.03), and a one-point increase in the n-6:n-3 ratio resulted in a 1.02% increase in liver fibrosis score (95% CI: [1.01, 1.03]; p = 0.01). Further research is needed to determine if modulation of FA intake could reduce NAFLD risk in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Lopez-Pentecost
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Brian Hallmark
- The BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Cynthia A. Thomson
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Floyd Chilton
- The BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - David O. Garcia
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Nagase Y, Satoh T, Shigetome K, Tokumaru N, Matsumoto E, Yamada KD, Imafuku T, Watanabe H, Maruyama T, Ogata Y, Yoshida M, Saruwatari J, Oniki K. Serum Fatty Acid Composition Balance by Fuzzy C-Means Method in Individuals with or without Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040809. [PMID: 36839168 PMCID: PMC9960614 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating fatty acid composition is assumed to play an important role in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the association between the overall balance of serum fatty acid composition and MAFLD prevalence. This cross-sectional study involved 400 Japanese individuals recruited from a health-screening program. We measured fatty acids in serum lipids using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The serum fatty acid composition balance was evaluated using fuzzy c-means clustering, which assigns individual data points to multiple clusters and calculates the percentage of data points belonging to multiple clusters, and serum fatty acid mass%. The participants were classified into four characteristic subclasses (i.e., Clusters 1, 2, 3, and 4), and the specific serum fatty acid composition balance (i.e., Cluster 4) was associated with a higher MAFLD prevalence. We suggest that the fuzzy c-means method can be used to determine the circulating fatty acid composition balance and highlight the importance of focusing on this balance when examining the relationship between MAFLD and serum fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Nagase
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Takao Satoh
- Kumamoto Industrial Research Institute, Kumamoto 862-0901, Japan
| | - Keiichi Shigetome
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Naoto Tokumaru
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Erika Matsumoto
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Kazunori D. Yamada
- Unprecedented-Scale Data Analytics Center, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tadashi Imafuku
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ogata
- Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Health Care Center, Kumamoto 861-8520, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Health Care Center, Kumamoto 861-8520, Japan
| | - Junji Saruwatari
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (K.O.); Tel.: +81-96-371-4545 (J.S.); +81-96-371-4512 (K.O.)
| | - Kentaro Oniki
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (K.O.); Tel.: +81-96-371-4545 (J.S.); +81-96-371-4512 (K.O.)
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15
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Cárdenas-Escudero J, Mármol-Rojas C, Escribano Pintor S, Galán-Madruga D, Cáceres JO. Honey polyphenols: regulators of human microbiota and health. Food Funct 2023; 14:602-620. [PMID: 36541681 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02715a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive review of research over the last decade was conducted to carry out this work. The main objective of this work is to present relevant evidence of the effect of honey intake on the human intestinal microbiota and its relationship with the improvement of various chronic diseases, such as cirrhosis, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and obesity, among others. Therefore, this work focuses on the health-improving honey dietary supplementation implications associated with specific changes in the human microbiota and their biochemical mechanisms to enhance the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms and the inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms. Consumption of honey polyphenols significantly improves people's health conditions, especially in patients with chronic disease. Hence, honey intake unequivocally constitutes an alternative way to enhance health and could be used to prevent some relevant chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cárdenas-Escudero
- Laser Chemistry Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain. .,Analytical Chemistry Department, FCNET, Universidad de Panamá, Bella Vista, Manuel E. Batista and José De Fábrega av., Ciudad Universitaria, Estafeta Universitaria, 3366, Panamá 4, Panamá
| | - C Mármol-Rojas
- Laser Chemistry Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - S Escribano Pintor
- Laser Chemistry Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - D Galán-Madruga
- National Centre for Environmental Health. Carlos III Health Institute, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo km 2.2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - J O Cáceres
- Laser Chemistry Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Effects of Different Vegetable Oils on the Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in C57/BL Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:4197955. [PMID: 36691598 PMCID: PMC9867581 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4197955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common hepatic disorder, affecting 22-28% of the adult population and more than 50% of obese people all over the world. Modulation of the fatty acids in diet as a means of prevention against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in animal models (NAFLD) remains unclear. The treatment of NAFLD has not been described in specific guidelines so far. Thus, the justification for the study is to check modifications in macronutrients composition, fatty acids, in particular, play a significant role in the treatment of NAFLD regardless of weight loss. Aim To investigate different vegetable oils in prevention and progression of NAFLD in animal models. Methods For the experiment were used fifty C57BL/6J mice male fed with high fat and fructose diet (HFD) to induce the NAFLD status and they received different commercial vegetable oils for 16 weeks to prevent steatosis. Liver steatosis and oxidative stress parameters were analyzed using biochemical and histological methods. Fatty acids profile in the oils and in the liver samples was obtained. Results The high fat and fructose diet led to obesity and the vegetable oils offered were effective in maintaining body weight similar to the control group. At the end of the experiment (16 weeks), the HFHFr group had a greater body weight compared to control and treated groups (HFHFr: 44.20 ± 2.34 g/animal vs. control: 34.80 ± 3.45 g/animal; p < 0.001; HFHFr/OL: 35.40 ± 4.19 g/animal; HFHFr/C: 36.10 ± 3.92 g/animal; HFHFr/S: 36.25 ± 5.70 g/animal; p < 0.01). Furthermore, the HFD diet has caused an increase in total liver fat compared to control (p < 0.01). Among the treated groups, the animals receiving canola oil showed a reduction of hepatic and retroperitoneal fat (p < 0.05). These biochemical levels were positively correlated with the hepatic histology findings. Hepatic levels of omega-3 decreased in the olive oil and high fat diet groups compared to the control group, whereas these levels increased in the groups receiving canola and soybean oil compared to control and the high fat groups. Conclusion In conclusion, the commercial vegetable oils either contributed to the prevention or reduction of induced nonalcoholic fatty liver with high fat and fructose diet, especially canola oil.
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17
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Daniel N, Le Barz M, Mitchell PL, Varin TV, Julien IB, Farabos D, Pilon G, Gauthier J, Garofalo C, Kang JX, Trottier J, Barbier O, Roy D, Chassaing B, Levy E, Raymond F, Lamaziere A, Flamand N, Silvestri C, Jobin C, Di Marzo V, Marette A. Comparing Transgenic Production to Supplementation of ω-3 PUFA Reveals Distinct But Overlapping Mechanisms Underlying Protection Against Metabolic and Hepatic Disorders. FUNCTION 2022; 4:zqac069. [PMID: 36778746 PMCID: PMC9909367 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared endogenous ω-3 PUFA production to supplementation for improving obesity-related metabolic dysfunction. Fat-1 transgenic mice, who endogenously convert exogenous ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA, and wild-type littermates were fed a high-fat diet and a daily dose of either ω-3 or ω-6 PUFA-rich oil for 12 wk. The endogenous ω-3 PUFA production improved glucose intolerance and insulin resistance but not hepatic steatosis. Conversely, ω-3 PUFA supplementation fully prevented hepatic steatosis but failed to improve insulin resistance. Both models increased hepatic levels of ω-3 PUFA-containing 2-monoacylglycerol and N-acylethanolamine congeners, and reduced levels of ω-6 PUFA-derived endocannabinoids with ω-3 PUFA supplementation being more efficacious. Reduced hepatic lipid accumulation associated with the endocannabinoidome metabolites EPEA and DHEA, which was causally demonstrated by lower lipid accumulation in oleic acid-treated hepatic cells treated with these metabolites. While both models induced a significant fecal enrichment of the beneficial Allobaculum genus, mice supplemented with ω-3 PUFA displayed additional changes in the gut microbiota functions with a significant reduction of fecal levels of the proinflammatory molecules lipopolysaccharide and flagellin. Multiple-factor analysis identify that the metabolic improvements induced by ω-3 PUFAs were accompanied by a reduced production of the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα, and that ω-3 PUFA supplementation had a stronger effect on improving the hepatic fatty acid profile than endogenous ω-3 PUFA. While endogenous ω-3 PUFA production preferably improves glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, ω-3 PUFA intake appears to be required to elicit selective changes in hepatic endocannabinoidome signaling that are essential to alleviate high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patricia L Mitchell
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Centre NUTRISS, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Thibault V Varin
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Centre NUTRISS, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Isabelle Bourdeau Julien
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Centre NUTRISS, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada,Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Dominique Farabos
- Saint Antoine Research Center, Sorbonne University INSERM UMR 938; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Clinical Metabolomics department, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, 75571, France
| | - Geneviève Pilon
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Centre NUTRISS, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Josée Gauthier
- Department of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Department of Anatomy and Cell Physiology, University of Florida, Gainesville FL, 32608, USA
| | - Carole Garofalo
- Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal QC H3T 1A8, Canada and Research Centre, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Jing X Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown MA 02129, USA
| | - Jocelyn Trottier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU-Quebec Research Centre, and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Olivier Barbier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU-Quebec Research Centre, and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Denis Roy
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Centre NUTRISS, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- INSERM U1016, Mucosal Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases’ Team, CNRS UMR 8104, University of Paris, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Emile Levy
- Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal QC H3T 1A8, Canada and Research Centre, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Frédéric Raymond
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Centre NUTRISS, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada,Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Antonin Lamaziere
- Saint Antoine Research Center, Sorbonne University INSERM UMR 938; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Clinical Metabolomics department, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, 75571, France
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Laval University, QC G1V 0A6, Canada,Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Cristoforo Silvestri
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Centre NUTRISS, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Laval University, QC G1V 0A6, Canada,Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Christian Jobin
- Department of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Department of Anatomy and Cell Physiology, University of Florida, Gainesville FL, 32608, USA
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Centre NUTRISS, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Laval University, QC G1V 0A6, Canada,Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada,Joint International Research Unit on Chemical and Biomolecular Research on the Microbiome and its Impact on Metabolic Health and Nutrition between Laval University and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Campania, 80078, Italy
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Alami F, Alizadeh M, Shateri K. The effect of a fruit-rich diet on liver biomarkers, insulin resistance, and lipid profile in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized clinical trial. Scand J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:1238-1249. [PMID: 35710164 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2022.2071109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite confirmed dietary approaches to improve the Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), the effect of fruits on NAFLD is not clear. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a fruit rich diet (FRD) on liver steatosis, liver enzymes, Insulin resistance, and lipid profile in patients with NAFLD. METHODS Eighty adults with NAFLD participated in this randomized controlled trial. The participants were randomly assigned to the FRD group with consumption of at least 4 servings of fruits daily or the control group with fruits consumption of less than 2 servings/day. The grade of steatosis, serum levels of liver enzymes including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), glucose, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured at the baseline and at the end of the study. RESULTS After 6 months of intervention, the FRD group had significantly higher BMI (31.40 ± 2.61 vs. 25.68 ± 2.54, p < .001), WC (113.5 ± 10.7 vs. 100.5 ± 7.5, p < .001), the grade of steatosis, ALT (89.1 ± 92.9 vs. 32.0 ± 19.2, p < .001), AST (74.5 ± 107.8 vs. 24.0 ± 8.5, p < .001), ALP (273.4 ± 128.5 vs. 155.0 ± 43.9, p < .001), GGT (92.7 ± 16.2 vs. 21.2 ± 7.7, p < .001), TC (206.1 ± 40.5 vs. 172.7 ± 42.4, p < .01), LDL (126.9 ± 32.3 vs. 99.8 ± 29.8, p < .001), glucose (115.5 ± 30.0 vs. 97.7 ± 19.0, p < .01), and insulin resistance (7.36 ± 4.37 vs. 2.66 ± 1.27, p < .001), and lower HDL (41.4 ± 8.9 vs. 53.8 ± 15.1, p < .001) compared to the control group. Adjusting for BMI and calorie intake did not change the results. CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicated that consumption of fruits more than 4 servings/day exacerbates steatosis, dyslipidemia, and glycemic control in NAFLD patients. Further studies are needed to identify the underlying mechanisms of the effects of fruits on NAFLD. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered at Iranian randomized clinical trial website with IRCT registration no. IRCT20201010048982N1on October 15, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farkhondeh Alami
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Kamran Shateri
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Food and Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172703. [PMID: 36076888 PMCID: PMC9455821 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet and lifestyle are crucial factors that influence the susceptibility of humans to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Personalized diet patterns chronically affect the composition and activity of microbiota in the human gut; consequently, nutrition-related dysbiosis exacerbates NAFLD via the gut–liver axis. Recent advances in diagnostic technology for gut microbes and microbiota-derived metabolites have led to advances in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of NAFLD. Microbiota-derived metabolites, including tryptophan, short-chain fatty acid, fat, fructose, or bile acid, regulate the pathophysiology of NAFLD. The microbiota metabolize nutrients, and metabolites are closely related to the development of NAFLD. In this review, we discuss the influence of nutrients, gut microbes, their corresponding metabolites, and metabolism in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
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20
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Early biochemical observations point to nutritional strategies to manage non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1019-1023. [PMID: 35775425 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disease globally. The first stage of NAFLD is steatosis, the accumulation of triacylglycerols within hepatocytes. Inflammation and oxidative stress both contribute to progression to more severe disease. In 2004 Clinical Science published two papers reporting on fatty acids and oxidative stress markers in the livers of patients with NAFLD; both these papers are highly cited. One paper reported an altered pattern of fatty acids within the livers of patients with NAFLD; there was a lower contribution of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) including both n - 6 and n - 3 PUFAs and an altered balance between n - 6 and n - 3 PUFAs in favour of the former. Ratios of precursor PUFAs to their long chain more unsaturated derivatives were altered in NAFLD and were interpreted to indicate a reduced activity of the pathway of synthesis of long chain highly unsaturated PUFAs. The authors interpreted their findings to indicate that a low hepatic content of n - 3 PUFAs has a causal role in NAFLD. The second paper reported lower hepatic antioxidant defences and increased markers of oxidative stress in NAFLD, consistent with a role for oxidative stress in the disease. Many studies have now explored the effect of supplemental n - 3 PUFAs or antioxidants, including vitamin E, in patients with NAFLD with some benefits being reported. There remains much interest in n - 3 PUFAs and antioxidants as preventive and therapeutic strategies in NAFLD and therefore it seems likely that citation of the two papers from 2004 will be sustained.
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21
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Calder PC. Omega-3 fatty acids and metabolic partitioning of fatty acids within the liver in the context of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2022; 25:248-255. [PMID: 35762160 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most prevalent form of liver disease globally, affecting about 25% of the world's adult population. It is more common in those living with obesity, where it may affect as many as 80% of individuals. The aim of this article is to describe recent human studies evaluating the influence of omega-3 fatty acids on de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and hepatic fatty acid partitioning between incorporation into triacylglycerols (TAGs) and β-oxidation, to discuss the relevance of these effects in the context of NAFLD, and to provide an overview of the mechanisms that might be involved. RECENT FINDINGS The omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) decrease hepatic DNL and partition fatty acids away from TAG synthesis and toward β-oxidation. EPA and DHA affect multiple hepatic transcription factors resulting in down-regulation of the DNL pathway and upregulation of β-oxidation. The net result is decreased accumulation of hepatic TAG and lowering of circulating TAG concentrations. Human trials demonstrate that EPA and DHA can decrease liver fat in patients with NAFLD. SUMMARY Increased intake of EPA and DHA may reduce the likelihood of hepatic TAG accumulation and could be used to reduce liver fat in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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22
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Šmíd V, Dvořák K, Šedivý P, Kosek V, Leníček M, Dezortová M, Hajšlová J, Hájek M, Vítek L, Bechyňská K, Brůha R. Effect of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Lipid Metabolism in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome and NAFLD. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:1336-1349. [PMID: 35147302 PMCID: PMC9134818 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3-PUFAs) have been reported to ameliorate the progression of NAFLD in experimental studies; however, clinical trials have yielded contradictory results. The aim of our study was to assess the effects of n-3-PUFA administration on lipid metabolism and the progression of NAFLD in patients with metabolic syndrome. Sixty patients with metabolic syndrome and NAFLD were randomized in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial (3.6 g/day n-3-PUFA vs. placebo). During the 1-year follow-up, the patients underwent periodic clinical and laboratory examinations, liver stiffness measurements, magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the liver, and plasma lipidomic analyses. After 12 months of n-3-PUFA administration, a significant decrease in serum GGT activity was recorded compared with the placebo group (2.03 ± 2.8 vs. 1.43 ± 1.6; P < 0.05). Although no significant changes in anthropometric parameters were recorded, a significant correlation between the reduction of liver fat after 12 months of treatment-and weight reduction-was observed; furthermore, this effect was clearly potentiated by n-3-PUFA treatment (P < 0.005). In addition, n-3-PUFA treatment resulted in substantial changes in the plasma lipidome, with n-3-PUFA-enriched triacylglycerols and phospholipids being the most expressed lipid signatures. Conclusion: Twelve months of n-3-PUFA treatment of patients with NAFLD patients was associated with a significant decrease in GGT activity, the liver fat reduction in those who reduced their weight, and beneficial changes in the plasma lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Šmíd
- Fourth Department of Internal MedicineFirst Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in PragueCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Karel Dvořák
- Fourth Department of Internal MedicineFirst Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in PragueCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Petr Šedivý
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyInstitute for Clinical and Experimental MedicinePragueCzech Republic
| | - Vít Kosek
- Department of Food Analysis and NutritionUniversity of Chemistry and TechnologyPragueCzech Republic
| | - Martin Leníček
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory DiagnosticsFirst Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in PragueCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Monika Dezortová
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyInstitute for Clinical and Experimental MedicinePragueCzech Republic
| | - Jana Hajšlová
- Department of Food Analysis and NutritionUniversity of Chemistry and TechnologyPragueCzech Republic
| | - Milan Hájek
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyInstitute for Clinical and Experimental MedicinePragueCzech Republic
| | - Libor Vítek
- Fourth Department of Internal MedicineFirst Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in PragueCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory DiagnosticsFirst Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in PragueCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Kamila Bechyňská
- Department of Food Analysis and NutritionUniversity of Chemistry and TechnologyPragueCzech Republic
| | - Radan Brůha
- Fourth Department of Internal MedicineFirst Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in PragueCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
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23
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Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery: An Overview with Emphasis on Vitamin D and K Transportation. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081376. [PMID: 35458084 PMCID: PMC9024560 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence shows that supplementation with vitamin D and K or their analogs induces beneficial effects in various diseases, e.g., osteoarticular, cardiovascular, or carcinogenesis. The use of drugs delivery systems via organic and inorganic nanocarriers increases the bioavailability of vitamins and analogs, enhancing their cellular delivery and effects. The nanotechnology-based dietary supplements and drugs produced by the food and pharmaceutical industries overcome the issues associated with vitamin administration, such as stability, absorption or low bioavailability. Consequently, there is a continuous interest in optimizing the carriers' systems in order to make them more efficient and specific for the targeted tissue. In this pioneer review, we try to circumscribe the most relevant aspects related to nanocarriers for drug delivery, compare different types of nanoparticles for vitamin D and K transportation, and critically address their benefits and disadvantages.
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24
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Plasma Oxylipin Profile Discriminates Ethnicities in Subjects with Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: An Exploratory Analysis. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020192. [PMID: 35208265 PMCID: PMC8875408 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver pathology that includes steatosis, or non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Without a clear pathophysiological mechanism, it affects Hispanics disproportionately compared to other ethnicities. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and inflammatory lipid mediators including oxylipin (OXL) and endocannabinoid (eCB) are altered in NAFLD and thought to contribute to its pathogenesis. However, the existence of ethnicity-related differences is not clear. We employed targeted lipidomic profiling for plasma PUFAs, non-esterified OXLs and eCBs in White Hispanics (HIS, n = 10) and Caucasians (CAU, n = 8) with biopsy-confirmed NAFL, compared with healthy control subjects (HC; n = 14 HIS; n = 8 CAU). NAFLD was associated with diminished long chain PUFA in HIS, independent of histological severity. Differences in plasma OXLs and eCBs characterized ethnicities in NASH, with lower arachidonic acid derived OXLs observed in HIS. The secondary analysis comparing ethnicities within NASH (n = 12 HIS; n = 17 CAU), confirms these ethnicity-related differences and suggests lower lipoxygenase(s) and higher soluble epoxide hydrolase(s) activities in HIS compared to CAU. While causes are not clear, these lipidomic differences might be with implications for NAFLD severity and are worth further investigation. We provide preliminary data indicating ethnicity-specific lipidomic signature characterizes NASH which requires further validation.
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25
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A Piece of the Puzzle—Possible Mechanisms for Why Low Dietary EPA and DHA Cause Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020159. [PMID: 35208233 PMCID: PMC8877222 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed at elucidating the effects of graded levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the hepatic metabolic health of Atlantic salmon reared in sea cages. Diets containing 10, 13, 16 and 35 g/kg EPA + DHA (designated diets 1.0, 1.3, 1.6 and 3.5, respectively) were fed in triplicate through a full production cycle from an average starting weight of 275 g to slaughter size (~5 kg). Feeding low dietary EPA + DHA altered the hepatic energy metabolism, evidenced by reductions in tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates originating from β-oxidation, which was compensated by elevated activity in alternative energy pathways (pentose phosphate pathway, branched chain amino acid catabolism and creatine metabolism). Increases in various acylcarnitines in the liver supported this and indicates issues with lipid metabolism (mitochondrial β-oxidation). Problems using lipids for energy in the lower EPA + DHA groups line up well with observed increases in liver lipids in these fish. It also aligns with the growth data, where fish fed the highest EPA + DHA grew better than the other groups. The study showed that diets 1.0 and 1.3 were insufficient for maintaining good liver metabolic health. However, diet 3.5 was significantly better than diet 1.6, indicating that diet 1.6 might also be suboptimal.
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26
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Fan ZK, Ma WJ, Zhang W, Li H, Zhai J, Zhao T, Guo XF, Sinclair AJ, Li D. Elevated serum phosphatidylcholine (16:1/22:6) levels promoted by fish oil and vitamin D 3 are highly correlated with biomarkers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese subjects. Food Funct 2022; 13:11705-11714. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02349k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine (16:1/22:6) was associated with improving inflammation and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-kai Fan
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen-jun Ma
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Songshan Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Li
- Songshan Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Zhai
- Songshan Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-fei Guo
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Andrew J. Sinclair
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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27
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Oppedisano F, Bulotta RM, Maiuolo J, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Carresi C, Ilari S, Serra M, Muscoli C, Gratteri S, Palma E, Mollace V. The Role of Nutraceuticals in Osteoarthritis Prevention and Treatment: Focus on n-3 PUFAs. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4878562. [PMID: 34925695 PMCID: PMC8683171 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4878562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease caused by joint degeneration with massive cartilage loss, and obesity is among the risk factors for its onset, though the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the disease and better therapeutic approach still remain to be assessed. In recent years, several nutraceutical interventions have been investigated in order to define better solutions for preventing and treating OA. Among them, polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) appear to represent potential candidates in counteracting OA and its consequences, due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and chondroinductive effects. PUFAs have been found to counteract the onset and progression of OA by reducing bone and cartilage destruction, inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and the NF-κB pathway's activation. Moreover, a diet rich in n-3 PUFAs and their derivatives (maresins and resolvins) demonstrates beneficial effects on associated pain reduction. Finally, it has been shown that together with the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, their antiapoptotic and antiangiogenic effects contribute in reducing OA development. The present review is aimed at assessing evidence suggesting the potential benefit of nutraceutical supplementation with PUFAs in OA management according to their efficacy in targeting relevant pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for inflammation and joint destruction processes, and this may represent a novel and potentially useful approach in OA prevention and treatment. For that purpose, a PubMed literature survey was conducted with a focus on some in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials from 2015 to 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Oppedisano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Bulotta
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sara Ilari
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Serra
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Santo Gratteri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta, Rome, Italy
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28
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Willis SA, Bawden SJ, Malaikah S, Sargeant JA, Stensel DJ, Aithal GP, King JA. The role of hepatic lipid composition in obesity-related metabolic disease. Liver Int 2021; 41:2819-2835. [PMID: 34547171 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a primary antecedent to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease whose cardinal feature is excessive hepatic lipid accumulation. Although total hepatic lipid content closely associates with hepatic and systemic metabolic dysfunction, accumulating evidence suggests that the composition of hepatic lipids may be more discriminatory. This review summarises cross-sectional human studies using liver biopsy/lipidomics and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to characterise hepatic lipid composition in people with obesity and related metabolic disease. A comprehensive literature search identified 26 relevant studies published up to 31st March 2021 which were included in the review. The available evidence provides a consistent picture showing that people with hepatic steatosis possess elevated saturated and/or monounsaturated hepatic lipids and a reduced proportion of polyunsaturated hepatic lipids. This altered hepatic lipid profile associates more directly with metabolic derangements, such as insulin resistance, and may be exacerbated in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Further evidence from lipidomic studies suggests that these deleterious changes may be related to defects in lipid desaturation and elongation, and an augmentation of the de novo lipogenic pathway. These observations are consistent with mechanistic studies implicating saturated fatty acids and associated bioactive lipid intermediates (ceramides, lysophosphatidylcholines and diacylglycerol) in the development of hepatic lipotoxicity and wider metabolic dysfunction, whilst monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids may exhibit a protective role. Future studies are needed to prospectively determine the relevance of hepatic lipid composition for hepatic and non-hepatic morbidity and mortality; and to further evaluate the impact of therapeutic interventions such as pharmacotherapy and lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Willis
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Stephen J Bawden
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Leicester, UK
| | - Sundus Malaikah
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jack A Sargeant
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - David J Stensel
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Guruprasad P Aithal
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Leicester, UK.,Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - James A King
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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29
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The Interplay between Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Base Excision Repair and Metabolic Syndrome in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011128. [PMID: 34681787 PMCID: PMC8537238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most common chronic liver disorders, affecting mainly people in Western countries, is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Unfortunately, its pathophysiological mechanism is not fully understood, and no dedicated treatment is available. Simple steatosis can lead to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and even to fibrosis, cancer, and cirrhosis of the liver. NAFLD very often occurs in parallel with type 2 diabetes mellitus and in obese people. Furthermore, it is much more likely to develop in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS), whose criteria include abdominal obesity, elevated blood triacylglycerol level, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, increased blood pressure, and high fasting glucose. An important phenomenon in MS is also insulin resistance (IR), which is very common in NAFLD. Liver IR and NAFLD development are linked through an interaction between the accumulation of free fatty acids, hepatic inflammation, and increased oxidative stress. The liver is particularly exposed to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species due to a large number of mitochondria in hepatocytes. In these organelles, the main DNA repair pathway is base excision repair (BER). The present article will illustrate how impairment of BER may be related to the development of NAFLD.
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30
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Impact of Amerind ancestry and FADS genetic variation on omega-3 deficiency and cardiometabolic traits in Hispanic populations. Commun Biol 2021; 4:918. [PMID: 34321601 PMCID: PMC8319323 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) have critical signaling roles that regulate dyslipidemia and inflammation. Genetic variation in the FADS gene cluster accounts for a large portion of interindividual differences in circulating and tissue levels of LC-PUFAs, with the genotypes most strongly predictive of low LC-PUFA levels at strikingly higher frequencies in Amerind ancestry populations. In this study, we examined relationships between genetic ancestry and FADS variation in 1102 Hispanic American participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. We demonstrate strong negative associations between Amerind genetic ancestry and LC-PUFA levels. The FADS rs174537 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) accounted for much of the AI ancestry effect on LC-PUFAs, especially for low levels of n-3 LC-PUFAs. Rs174537 was also strongly associated with several metabolic, inflammatory and anthropomorphic traits including circulating triglycerides (TGs) and E-selectin in MESA Hispanics. Our study demonstrates that Amerind ancestry provides a useful and readily available tool to identify individuals most likely to have FADS-related n-3 LC-PUFA deficiencies and associated cardiovascular risk.
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Stackpole KMW, Ollberding NJ, Smith LA, Casson P, Kirk S, Siegel R. Omega-3 Use for the Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia, Low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children with Obesity. Child Obes 2021; 17:357-364. [PMID: 33844928 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2021.0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation has been investigated in treating elevated triglycerides (TGs), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) in adults, but has not been well studied in youth with obesity. This retrospective study examined the effectiveness of omega-3 as an adjunct therapy for these conditions in patients participating in a pediatric weight management program (PWMP). Methods: Patients with a BMI ≥85th percentile and abnormal alanine transaminase (ALT), TGs, or HDL, participating in our PWMP, were identified (n = 617). Patients prescribed an omega-3 were classified as treated (n = 68). Treated patients were matched (1:1) to untreated patients on the propensity for treatment. Generalized least squares regression was used to model the change in TGs, HDL, and ALT adjusted for baseline characteristics. Results: The treated (mean age 12.7 years, 60.3% male, TGs 218.7 mg/dL, ALT 49.6 U/L, HDL 34.9 mg/dL; 42.6% Hispanic, 72% severe obesity) and matched control patients showed improvement in point estimates in TGs (p = 0.62), HDL (p = 0.18), and ALT (p = 0.43) over follow-up, but the differences in change were not statistically significant. Greater improvement was observed for treated subjects over time in TGs (difference of 5% at 6.1-12 months; 10% at 12.1-18 months: 16% at 18.1-24 months) but was not statistically significant (p > 0.2). Conclusions: This study did not demonstrate that omega-3 therapy is of definitive benefit as an adjunct to lifestyle modification alone in children with obesity for hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL levels, or NAFLD. A randomized-controlled trial is required to determine the impact of omega-3 supplementation in treating these conditions in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M W Stackpole
- Center for Better Health and Nutrition, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas J Ollberding
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Laurie A Smith
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Paula Casson
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Shelley Kirk
- Center for Better Health and Nutrition, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Robert Siegel
- Center for Better Health and Nutrition, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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32
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Zhang DG, Zhao T, Hogstrand C, Ye HM, Xu XJ, Luo Z. Oxidized fish oils increased lipid deposition via oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and the CREB1-Bcl2-Beclin1 pathway in the liver tissues and hepatocytes of yellow catfish. Food Chem 2021; 360:129814. [PMID: 34023714 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
At present, the harmful effects and relevant mechanism of oxidized fish oils on fish and fish cells remain unknown. Our study found that oxidized fish oils increased lipogenesis, and reduced lipolysis, activated oxidative stress by decreasing glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, increasing malondialdhyde (MDA) content and damaging mitochondrial structure, and activated autophagy in the liver of yellow catfish; oxidized eicosapentaenoic acid (oxEPA) induced oxidative stress in yellow catfish hepatocytes. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and lipophagy mediated oxEPA induced-variations in lipid metabolism. Our further investigation indicated that oxEPA-activated lipophagy was via inhibiting the DNA binding capacity of the cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB)-1 to the region of Bcl-2 promoter, which in turn suppressed the binding activity of Bcl-2 to Beclin1 and promoted autophagosome formation. For the first time, our study elucidated the mechanisms of oxidized fish oils-induced lipid deposition by the oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and CREB1-Bcl-2-Beclin1 pathway in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Guang Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Christer Hogstrand
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Han-Mei Ye
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Vancells Lujan P, Viñas Esmel E, Sacanella Meseguer E. Overview of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and the Role of Sugary Food Consumption and Other Dietary Components in Its Development. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051442. [PMID: 33923255 PMCID: PMC8145877 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NAFLD is the world's most common chronic liver disease, and its increasing prevalence parallels the global rise in diabetes and obesity. It is characterised by fat accumulation in the liver evolving to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an inflammatory subtype that can lead to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Currently, there is no effective pharmacotherapeutic treatment for NAFLD. Treatment is therefore based on lifestyle modifications including changes to diet and exercise, although it is unclear what the most effective form of intervention is. The aim of this review, then, is to discuss the role of specific nutrients and the effects of different dietary interventions on NAFLD. It is well established that an unhealthy diet rich in calories, sugars, and saturated fats and low in polyunsaturated fatty acids, fibre, and micronutrients plays a critical role in the development and progression of this disease. However, few clinical trials have evaluated the effects of nutrition interventions on NAFLD. We, therefore, summarise what is currently known about the effects of macronutrients, foods, and dietary patterns on NAFLD prevention and treatment. Most current guidelines recommend low-calorie, plant-based diets, such as the Mediterranean diet, as the most effective dietary pattern to treat NAFLD. More clinical trials are required, however, to identify the best evidence-based dietary treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Vancells Lujan
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (P.V.L.); (E.V.E.)
| | - Esther Viñas Esmel
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (P.V.L.); (E.V.E.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Sacanella Meseguer
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (P.V.L.); (E.V.E.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-932-275539
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Mehmood A, Zhao L, Wang Y, Pan F, Hao S, Zhang H, Iftikhar A, Usman M. Dietary anthocyanins as potential natural modulators for the prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A comprehensive review. Food Res Int 2021; 142:110180. [PMID: 33773656 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to a metabolic syndrome linked with type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. It is characterized by the accumulation of triglycerides in the hepatocytes in the absence of alcohol consumption. The prevalence of NAFLD has abruptly increased worldwide, with no effective treatment yet available. Anthocyanins (ACNs) belong to the flavonoid subclass of polyphenols, are commonly present in various edible plants, and possess a broad array of health-promoting properties. ACNs have been shown to have strong potential to combat NAFLD. We critically assessed the literature regarding the pharmacological mechanisms and biopharmaceutical features of the action of ACNs on NAFLD in humans and animal models. We found that ACNs ameliorate NAFLD by improving lipid and glucose metabolism, increasing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and regulating gut microbiota dysbiosis. In conclusion, ACNs have potential to attenuate NAFLD. However, further mechanistic studies are required to confirm these beneficial impacts of ACNs on NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Mehmood
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Fei Pan
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shuai Hao
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Asra Iftikhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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35
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Li H, Gu Y, Wu X, Rayamajhi S, Bian S, Zhang Q, Meng G, Liu L, Wu H, Zhang S, Wang Y, Zhang T, Wang X, Thapa A, Sun S, Wang X, Jia Q, Song K, Niu K. Association between consumption of edible seaweeds and newly diagnosed non-alcohol fatty liver disease: The TCLSIH Cohort Study. Liver Int 2021; 41:311-320. [PMID: 32885579 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Seaweeds are rich sources of anti-oxidants and anti-inflammatory properties, which are beneficial to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, whether seaweed consumption is associated with NAFLD is unknown. We investigated the association of seaweed consumption with newly diagnosed NAFLD in a large-scale adult population. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 24 572 participants aged over 18 years. NAFLD was diagnosed by results of liver ultrasonography and alcohol intake. Dietary information was assessed using a validated and standardized 100-item food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate logistic analysis was used to evaluate the association between seaweed consumption and NAFLD. RESULTS The prevalence of newly diagnosed NAFLD was 20.1%. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and other dietary intakes, the multivariable adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of newly diagnosed NAFLD across seaweed consumption were 1.00 (reference) for almost never, 1.03 (0.93, 1.15) for <1 time/wk, 1.01 (0.90, 1.13) for 1 time/wk, and 0.84 (0.73, 0.96) for >1 times/wk (P for trend < .001). Stratified analyses suggested a potential effect modification by obesity status; the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) across extreme quartiles was 0.77 (0.66, 0.91) in non-obese participants and 1.02 (0.79, 1.33) in obese participants (P for interaction < .001). CONCLUSION Seaweed consumption is negatively associated with NAFLD, especially in non-obese participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Li
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yeqing Gu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sabina Rayamajhi
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shanshan Bian
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Meng
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shunming Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingjing Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuena Wang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Amrish Thapa
- Department of Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaomei Sun
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiyu Jia
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Song
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaijun Niu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.,Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
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36
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Sistilli G, Kalendova V, Cajka T, Irodenko I, Bardova K, Oseeva M, Zacek P, Kroupova P, Horakova O, Lackner K, Gastaldelli A, Kuda O, Kopecky J, Rossmeisl M. Krill Oil Supplementation Reduces Exacerbated Hepatic Steatosis Induced by Thermoneutral Housing in Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:437. [PMID: 33572810 PMCID: PMC7912192 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical evidence suggests that n-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA (Omega-3) supplemented as phospholipids (PLs) may be more effective than triacylglycerols (TAGs) in reducing hepatic steatosis. To further test the ability of Omega-3 PLs to alleviate liver steatosis, we used a model of exacerbated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease based on high-fat feeding at thermoneutral temperature. Male C57BL/6N mice were fed for 24 weeks a lard-based diet given either alone (LHF) or supplemented with Omega-3 (30 mg/g diet) as PLs (krill oil; ω3PL) or TAGs (Epax 3000TG concentrate; ω3TG), which had a similar total content of EPA and DHA and their ratio. Substantial levels of TAG accumulation (~250 mg/g) but relatively low inflammation/fibrosis levels were achieved in the livers of control LHF mice. Liver steatosis was reduced by >40% in the ω3PL but not ω3TG group, and plasma ALT levels were markedly reduced (by 68%) in ω3PL mice as well. Krill oil administration also improved hepatic insulin sensitivity, and its effects were associated with high plasma adiponectin levels (150% of LHF mice) along with superior bioavailability of EPA, increased content of alkaloids stachydrine and trigonelline, suppression of lipogenic gene expression, and decreased diacylglycerol levels in the liver. This study reveals that in addition to Omega-3 PLs, other constituents of krill oil, such as alkaloids, may contribute to its strong antisteatotic effects in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Sistilli
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (G.S.); (V.K.); (T.C.); (I.I.); (K.B.); (M.O.); (P.K.); (O.H.); (O.K.); (J.K.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 12844 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Kalendova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (G.S.); (V.K.); (T.C.); (I.I.); (K.B.); (M.O.); (P.K.); (O.H.); (O.K.); (J.K.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 12844 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Cajka
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (G.S.); (V.K.); (T.C.); (I.I.); (K.B.); (M.O.); (P.K.); (O.H.); (O.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Illaria Irodenko
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (G.S.); (V.K.); (T.C.); (I.I.); (K.B.); (M.O.); (P.K.); (O.H.); (O.K.); (J.K.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 12844 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Bardova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (G.S.); (V.K.); (T.C.); (I.I.); (K.B.); (M.O.); (P.K.); (O.H.); (O.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Marina Oseeva
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (G.S.); (V.K.); (T.C.); (I.I.); (K.B.); (M.O.); (P.K.); (O.H.); (O.K.); (J.K.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 12844 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Zacek
- Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Division BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic;
| | - Petra Kroupova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (G.S.); (V.K.); (T.C.); (I.I.); (K.B.); (M.O.); (P.K.); (O.H.); (O.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Olga Horakova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (G.S.); (V.K.); (T.C.); (I.I.); (K.B.); (M.O.); (P.K.); (O.H.); (O.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Karoline Lackner
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56100 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (G.S.); (V.K.); (T.C.); (I.I.); (K.B.); (M.O.); (P.K.); (O.H.); (O.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (G.S.); (V.K.); (T.C.); (I.I.); (K.B.); (M.O.); (P.K.); (O.H.); (O.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (G.S.); (V.K.); (T.C.); (I.I.); (K.B.); (M.O.); (P.K.); (O.H.); (O.K.); (J.K.)
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Ramos LF, Silva CM, Pansa CC, Moraes KCM. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: molecular and cellular interplays of the lipid metabolism in a steatotic liver. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 15:25-40. [PMID: 32892668 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1820321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects ~25% of world population and cases have increased in recent decades. These anomalies have several etiologies; however, obesity and metabolic dysfunctions are the most relevant causes. Despite being considered a public health problem, no effective therapeutic approach to treat NAFLD is available. For that, a deep understanding of metabolic routes that support hepatic diseases is needed. AREAS COVERED This review covers aspects of the onset of NAFLD. Thereby, biochemistry routes as well as cellular and metabolic effects of the gut microbiota in body's homeostasis and epigenetics are contextualized. EXPERT OPINION Recently, the development of biological sciences has generated innovative knowledge, bringing new insights and perspectives to clarify the systems biology of liver diseases. A detailed comprehension of epigenetics mechanisms will offer possibilities to develop new therapeutic and diagnostic strategies for NAFLD. Different epigenetic processes have been reported that are modulated by the environment such as gut microbiota, suggesting strong interplays between cellular behavior and pathology. Thus, a more complete description of such mechanisms in hepatic diseases will help to clarify how to control the establishment of fatty liver, and precisely describe molecular interplays that potentially control NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia F Ramos
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Campus Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências , Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Caio M Silva
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Campus Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências , Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Camila C Pansa
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Campus Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências , Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Karen C M Moraes
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Campus Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências , Rio Claro, Brazil
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38
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Kalveram L, Schunck WH, Rothe M, Rudolph B, Loddenkemper C, Holzhütter HG, Henning S, Bufler P, Schulz M, Meierhofer D, Zhang IW, Weylandt KH, Wiegand S, Hudert CA. Regulation of the cytochrome P450 epoxyeicosanoid pathway is associated with distinct histologic features in pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 164:102229. [PMID: 33388475 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a significant health burden in obese children for which there is currently no specific therapy. Preclinical studies indicate that epoxyeicosanoids, a class of bioactive lipid mediators that are generated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases and inactivated by the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), play a protective role in NAFLD. We performed a comprehensive lipidomics analysis using liver tissue and blood samples of 40 children with NAFLD. Proteomics was performed to determine CYP epoxygenase and sEH expressions. Hepatic epoxyeicosanoids significantly increased with higher grades of steatosis, while their precursor PUFAs were unaltered. Concomitantly, total CYP epoxygenase activity increased while protein level and activity of sEH decreased. In contrast, hepatic epoxyeicosanoids showed a strong decreasing trend with higher stages of fibrosis, accompanied by a decrease of CYP epoxygenase activity and protein expression. These findings suggest that the CYP epoxygenase/sEH pathway represents a potential pharmacologic target for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kalveram
- Center for Chronically Sick Children, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Birgit Rudolph
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Stephan Henning
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Bufler
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marten Schulz
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Meierhofer
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Mass Spectrometry Facility, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingrid W Zhang
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karsten H Weylandt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Diabetes, Oncology and Rheumatology, Ruppiner Kliniken, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Susanna Wiegand
- Center for Chronically Sick Children, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian A Hudert
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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Ristic-Medic D, Kovacic M, Takic M, Arsic A, Petrovic S, Paunovic M, Jovicic M, Vucic V. Calorie-Restricted Mediterranean and Low-Fat Diets Affect Fatty Acid Status in Individuals with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010015. [PMID: 33374554 PMCID: PMC7822481 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle modifications are the main support of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) therapy. Weight loss is one of the primary goals in NAFLD, but the effects of different calorie-restricted diets remain unclear. Thus, we evaluated the effects of two calorie-restricted diets—the Mediterranean diet (Med diet) and low-fat diet—on liver status, cardiometabolic markers, and fatty acid profiles in patients with NAFLD. Twenty-four overweight/moderately obese men were randomly assigned to consume one of these diets. Lipid levels, glucose, insulin, liver enzymes, steatosis, and fatty acid profiles of serum and erythrocytes phospholipids were assessed. After 3 months, all participants had a significant weight loss (>9%), with improvements in waist circumference, body fat %, index of visceral adiposity (VAI), lipid accumulation product, fatty liver (FLI), and hepatic steatosis (HSI) index (p < 0.001). Both diets significantly lowered triglycerides, total and LDL-cholesterol, liver enzymes, fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR index. Fatty acid profiles were enhanced after both diets, with a significantly decreased n-6/n-3 ratio. Participants on the Med diet had higher levels of HDL-cholesterol and monounsaturated and n-3 docosahexaenoic acids in serum phospholipids and lower levels of saturated fatty acids, triglycerides, TG/HDL ratio, and FLI when compared to participants on the low-fat diet. Our results indicate that dietary patterns and calorie restriction represent central therapeutic issues in the improvement of obesity-related cardiometabolic alterations that are involved in the mechanism of hepatic steatosis. The Med diet may contribute to disease treatment even more than the low-fat diet since it leads to decreased saturated and increased monounsaturated and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid status and improved FLI in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Ristic-Medic
- Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.A.); (S.P.); (M.P.); (V.V.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +381-11-303-1997
| | - Marijana Kovacic
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Marija Takic
- Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandra Arsic
- Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.A.); (S.P.); (M.P.); (V.V.)
| | - Snjezana Petrovic
- Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.A.); (S.P.); (M.P.); (V.V.)
| | - Marija Paunovic
- Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.A.); (S.P.); (M.P.); (V.V.)
| | - Maja Jovicic
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Hospital Center “Dr Dragisa Misović-Dedinje”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Euromedik Clinic, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Vucic
- Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.A.); (S.P.); (M.P.); (V.V.)
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Bardova K, Funda J, Pohl R, Cajka T, Hensler M, Kuda O, Janovska P, Adamcova K, Irodenko I, Lenkova L, Zouhar P, Horakova O, Flachs P, Rossmeisl M, Colca J, Kopecky J. Additive Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Thiazolidinediones in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet: Triacylglycerol/Fatty Acid Cycling in Adipose Tissue. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123737. [PMID: 33291653 PMCID: PMC7761951 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Omega-3) and anti-diabetic drugs thiazolidinediones (TZDs) exhibit additive effects in counteraction of dietary obesity and associated metabolic dysfunctions in mice. The underlying mechanisms need to be clarified. Here, we aimed to learn whether the futile cycle based on the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol and re-esterification of fatty acids (TAG/FA cycling) in white adipose tissue (WAT) could be involved. We compared Omega-3 (30 mg/g diet) and two different TZDs—pioglitazone (50 mg/g diet) and a second-generation TZD, MSDC-0602K (330 mg/g diet)—regarding their effects in C57BL/6N mice fed an obesogenic high-fat (HF) diet for 8 weeks. The diet was supplemented or not by the tested compound alone or with the two TZDs combined individually with Omega-3. Activity of TAG/FA cycle in WAT was suppressed by the obesogenic HF diet. Additive effects in partial rescue of TAG/FA cycling in WAT were observed with both combined interventions, with a stronger effect of Omega-3 and MSDC-0602K. Our results (i) supported the role of TAG/FA cycling in WAT in the beneficial additive effects of Omega-3 and TZDs on metabolism of diet-induced obese mice, and (ii) showed differential modulation of WAT gene expression and metabolism by the two TZDs, depending also on Omega-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Bardova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Jiri Funda
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Radek Pohl
- NMR Spectroscopy, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemmingovo Namesti 542/2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Tomas Cajka
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic;
- Laboratory of Translational Metabolism, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hensler
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Laboratory of Metabolism of Bioactive Lipids, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic;
| | - Petra Janovska
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Katerina Adamcova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Ilaria Irodenko
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Lucie Lenkova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Petr Zouhar
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Olga Horakova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Pavel Flachs
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Jerry Colca
- Cirius Therapeutics, Kalamazoo, MI 490 07, USA;
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-296442554; Fax: +420-296442599
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Abshagen K, Hartmann A, Grüner L, Liebig M, Vollmar B. Limited potential of resolvin D1 in treatment of cholestatic liver fibrosis. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2020; 9:587-596. [PMID: 33163509 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn.2019.08.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Several studies suggest a role for EPA- and DHA-derived pro-resolving mediators like resolvins in reversing metabolic and inflammatory disturbances seen in various chronic diseases. Here, we investigated the effects of resolvin D1 (RvD1) on bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced cholestatic liver injury. Methods Mice were treated daily with RvD1 or 0.1% ethanol (control) from the day of BDL until the final observation time points. Blood and liver tissue were collected 2, 5 and 14 days after BDL for different analyses. Results RvD1 treatment of mice had no impact on the extent of cholestatic liver injury upon BDL, neither in the acute phase nor in the progressive state of liver fibrosis. Although RvD1 treatment resulted in a significantly reduced activity of hepatic stellate cells as well as reduced deposition of extracellular matrix 2 days after BDL, mice were not protected from inflammation and further fibrosis progression. Conclusions These data indicate that RvD1 has a limited therapeutic potential to treat cholestatic liver diseases, as it has no significant impact on regression of hepatic necroinflammation and fibrotic changes in bile duct-ligated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Abshagen
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Hartmann
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Laura Grüner
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marie Liebig
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Schulz M, Seraglio SKT, Brugnerotto P, Gonzaga LV, Costa ACO, Fett R. Composition and potential health effects of dark-colored underutilized Brazilian fruits – A review. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109744. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Marin-Alejandre BA, Abete I, Monreal JI, Elorz M, Benito-Boillos A, Herrero JI, Navarro-Blasco I, Tur JA, Bandarra NM, Zulet MA, Martinez JA. Effects of a 6-month dietary-induced weight loss on erythrocyte membrane omega-3 fatty acids and hepatic status of subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The Fatty Liver in Obesity study. J Clin Lipidol 2020; 14:837-849.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Bischoff SC, Bernal W, Dasarathy S, Merli M, Plank LD, Schütz T, Plauth M. ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical nutrition in liver disease. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:3533-3562. [PMID: 33213977 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Practical guideline is based on the current scientific ESPEN guideline on Clinical Nutrition in Liver Disease. METHODS It has been shortened and transformed into flow charts for easier use in clinical practice. The guideline is dedicated to all professionals including physicians, dieticians, nutritionists and nurses working with patients with chronic liver disease. RESULTS A total of 103 statements and recommendations are presented with short commentaries for the nutritional and metabolic management of patients with (i) acute liver failure, (ii) alcoholic steatohepatitis, (iii) non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, (iv) liver cirrhosis, and (v) liver surgery/transplantation. The disease-related recommendations are preceded by general recommendations on the diagnostics of nutritional status in liver patients and on liver complications associated with medical nutrition. CONCLUSION This practical guideline gives guidance to health care providers involved in the management of liver disease to offer optimal nutritional care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan C Bischoff
- Department for Clinical Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - William Bernal
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Manuela Merli
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lindsay D Plank
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tatjana Schütz
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mathias Plauth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Municipal Hospital of Dessau, Dessau, Germany
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Intravenous lipid emulsions and liver function in adult chronic intestinal failure patients: Results after 5 y of home parenteral nutrition. Nutrition 2020; 82:111029. [PMID: 33221116 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.111029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intravenous lipid emulsions (ILE) are an essential component of parenteral nutrition (PN); however, pure soybean oil emulsion is considered a risk factor for intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD). Limited data are available on the effect of different ILEs on the liver during long-term PN, and to our knowledge, no study has evaluated outcomes beyond 12 mo. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the influence of mixed ILEs on liver function during long-term PN. METHODS A randomized, open-label clinical trial was performed at the Intestinal Failure Center in Skawina, Poland. Sixty-seven patients (35 F, 32 M; mean age, 53.2 years) receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN) due to stable chronic intestinal failure (CIF) were randomized to receive one of the following three ILEs: medium/long-chain triacylglycerides (MCT/LCT), olive oil/soybean oil (OO/SO), or a combination of SO/MCT/OO/fish oil (FO) (SMOFlipid). Patients were followed for 5 y. Liver function was assessed clinically and with biochemical parameters (total bilirubin, serum glutamyl oxalate transaminase, serum glutamyl pyruvate transaminase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase) at baseline and after 24 and 60 mo. RESULTS The most common etiology for CIF was vascular, followed by Crohn's disease, surgical complications, and radiation enteritis. HPN was effective in improving nutritional status and was associated with low rates of catheter infections and clinical complications. No significant differences were observed between groups in median concentrations serum glutamyl oxalate transaminase, serum glutamyl pyruvate transaminase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, or alkaline phosphatase at 24 or 60 mo. A significant reduction in median bilirubin concentration was observed in the SMOFlipid group at 60 mo compared with baseline (6.8 umol/L; interquartile range, 5.2-8.5 versus 7.7 umol/L; interquartile range, 4.9-12.4; P = 0.0138). CONCLUSIONS Mixed ILEs are safe and effective for use in patients on long-term HPN. A multicomponent ILE with FO can provide additional benefits in terms of liver function during long-term HPN.
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Feng R, Ma LJ, Wang M, Liu C, Yang R, Su H, Yang Y, Wan JB. Oxidation of fish oil exacerbates alcoholic liver disease by enhancing intestinal dysbiosis in mice. Commun Biol 2020; 3:481. [PMID: 32879433 PMCID: PMC7468239 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has been controversial. N-3 PUFA oxidation in animal feeding stuffs was rarely concerned, likely contributing to inconsistent outcomes. Here, we report the impacts of oxidized fish oil (OFO) on ALD in C57BL/6 mice. Alcohol exposure increased plasma aminotransferase levels and hepatic inflammation. These deleterious effects were ameliorated by unoxidized FO but exacerbated by OFO. Sequencing analysis showed the accentuated intestinal dysbiosis and the increased proportion of Proteobacteria in OFO-fed mice. Intestinal sterilization by antibiotics completely abolished OFO-aggravated liver injury. Additionally, alcohol exposure leads to the greater increase in plasma endotoxin and decrease in intestinal tight junction protein expressions in OFO-fed mice. Stabilization of intestinal barrier by obeticholic acid markedly blunted OFO-aggravated liver injury in alcohol-fed mice. These results demonstrate that OFO exacerbates alcoholic liver injury through enhancing intestinal dysbiosis, barrier dysfunction, and hepatic inflammation mediated by gut-derived endotoxin. Feng et al. show that oxidized fish oil exacerbates alcoholic liver injury in mice by enhancing intestinal dysbiosis, barrier dysfunction, and hepatic inflammation that is mediated by gut-derived endotoxin. This study suggests that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids enriched in fish oil should be kept from oxidation to exert their health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Li-Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.,Center for Drug Innovation and Discovery, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Conghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Rujie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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Esteves GP, Manca CS, Veida-Silva HP, Ovidio PP, Holland H, Matsuo FS, Osako MK, Jordao AA. A fish oil-rich diet leads to lower adiposity and serum triglycerides but increases liver lipid peroxidation in fructose-fed rats. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-020-00045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Consumption of refined carbohydrates has risen in recent years alongside chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Fructose is a monosaccharide made widely available in industrialized products, capable of inducing excessive weight gain and liver steatosis in animal models, while omega-3 fatty acids, present in foods such as fatty fish and fish oil, have shown to inhibit genes related to lipogenesis and decrease cardiovascular risk. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the impact of a high-fructose diet on weight gain, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters, and liver histology and investigate fish oil’s potential protective role. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: regular chow diet (CT), regular chow diet plus 20% fructose in drinking water (Fr), and a diet containing 10% fish oil plus 20% fructose in drinking water (FOFr). After 12 weeks, tissues of interest were collected for biochemical and histological analyses.
Results
Although fructose consumption did not lead to increased hepatic fat, it caused a significant increase in weight gain, white adipose tissue, and serum triglycerides in the Fr group, while fish oil promoted normalized serum triglycerides and even reduced adiposity in the FOFr group. Additionally, the inclusion of fish oil in the FOFr diet led to increased liver lipid peroxidation in the form of increased hepatic MDA.
Conclusions
It is concluded that fish oil can prevent important metabolic alterations caused by fructose consumption, but its dosage must be taken into account to prevent oxidative stress and potential liver damage.
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Ma Y, Yang W, Li T, Liu Y, Simon TG, Sui J, Wu K, Giovannucci EL, Chan AT, Zhang X. Meat intake and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in two large US prospective cohorts of women and men. Int J Epidemiol 2020; 48:1863-1871. [PMID: 31302687 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence on the associations between meat intake and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was limited and inconsistent. METHODS We prospectively examined the association between consumption of meats and meat mutagens with HCC risk using data from the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjusting for known liver-cancer risk factors. RESULTS During up to 32 years of follow-up, we documented 163 incident HCC cases. The HRs of HCC for the highest vs the lowest tertile intake levels were 1.84 (95% CI: 1.16-2.92, Ptrend = 0.04) for processed red meats and 0.61 (95% CI: 0.40-0.91, Ptrend = 0.02) for total white meats. There was a null association between unprocessed red meats and HCC risk (HR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.68-1.63, Ptrend = 0.85). We found both poultry (HR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.40-0.90, Ptrend = 0.01) and fish (HR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.47-1.05, Ptrend = 0.10) were inversely associated with HCC risk. The HR for HCC risk was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.61-1.02) when 1 standard deviation of processed red meats was substituted with an equivalent amount of poultry or fish intake. We also found a suggestive positive association of intake of meat-derived mutagenicity or heterocyclic amines with risk of HCC. CONCLUSIONS Processed red meat intake might be associated with higher, whereas poultry or possibly fish intake might be associated with lower, risk of HCC. Replacing processed red meat with poultry or fish might be associated with reduced HCC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Ma
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wanshui Yang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Tricia Li
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yue Liu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tracey G Simon
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit (CTEU), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing Sui
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit (CTEU), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Tabesh MR, Maleklou F, Ejtehadi F, Alizadeh Z. Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Prescription of Supplements in Pre- and Post-bariatric Surgery Patients: a Practical Guideline. Obes Surg 2020; 29:3385-3400. [PMID: 31367987 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-04112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
According to ASMBS, the rate of bariatric surgery increased from 158,000 in 2011 to 196,000 in 2015. Nevertheless, this growth in invasive techniques does not eliminate unhealthy habits, so lifestyle modification such as healthy nutrition and correct physical activity programs may improve surgical results. The objective of the present narrative review was to categorize the guidelines related to nutrition, physical activity, and supplement prescription before and after bariatric surgery. The main key words including nutrition, diet, physical activity, exercise, supplements, macronutrients, micronutrients, weight reduction, bariatric surgery, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrostomy, laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch were searched in databases including PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, and some other sources such as Google scholar. The recommendations are classified based on the type of surgery. The indications for surgery and the type of bariatric surgery are not included in this review. This review helps medical teams, including bariatric surgeons, nutritionists, and sports medicine specialists, with proper management before and after bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faezeh Maleklou
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ejtehadi
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Alizadeh
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 7, Ale-ahmad Highway, Opposite of the Shariati Hospital, Tehran, 14395-578, Iran.
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50
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Zhang Y, Wu G, Zhang Y, Wang X, Jin Q, Zhang H. Advances in exogenous docosahexaenoic acid-containing phospholipids: Sources, positional isomerism, biological activities, and advantages. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1420-1448. [PMID: 33337094 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, docosahexaenoic acid-containing phospholipids (DHA-PLs) have attracted much attention because of theirs unique health benefits. Compared with other forms of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), DHA-PLs possess superior biological effects (e.g., anticancer, lipid metabolism regulation, visual development, and brain and nervous system biochemical reactions), more intricate metabolism mechanisms, and a stronger attraction to consumer. The production of DHA-PLs is hampered by several challenges associated with the limited content of DHA-PLs in natural sources, incomplete utilization of by-products, few microorganisms for DHA-PLs production, high cost, and complex process of artificial preparation of DHA-PLs. In this article, the sources, biological activities, and commercial applications of DHA-PLs were summarized, with intensive discussions on advantages of DHA-PLs over DHA, isomerism of DHA in phospholipids (PLs), and brain health. The excellent biological characteristics of DHA-PLs are primarily concerned with DHA and PLs. The metabolic fate of different DHA-PLs varies from the position of DHA in PLs to polar groups in DHA-PLs. Overall, well understanding of DHA-PLs about their sources and characteristics is critical to accelerate the production of DHA-PLs, economically enhance the value of DHA-PLs, and improve the applicability of DHA-PLs and the acceptance of consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Gangcheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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