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Wu Y, Wang Y, Dang Z, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Tong L, Peng W. Ethnic differences in eating patterns and their associations with obesity among adults in West China. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:321-332. [PMID: 37642161 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite observed ethnic differences in eating patterns and obesity, evidence in China is limited. This study examined ethnic differences in eating patterns and their associations with weight outcomes among multi-ethnic adults in West China. A cross-sectional survey collected self-reported data on demographics, eating behaviours, weight and height in 2021. Principal component analysis and multivariate regression were conducted to identify eating patterns and examine their associations with weight outcomes. In total, 4407 subjects aged ≥ 18 years were recruited across seven provinces in West China. Four eating patterns were identified: 'meat-lover' - characterised by frequent consumption of meat and dairy products, 'indulgent' - by frequent intakes of added salt, sugar, alcohol and pickled food, 'diversified-eating' - by frequently consuming food with diversified cooking methods and eating out and 'nutri-health-concerned' - by good food hygiene behaviours and reading food labels. Ethnic differences in eating patterns were observed. Compared with Han, Hui were less likely to exhibit meat-lover or diversified-eating patterns; Tibetans were less likely to have meat-lover or nutri-health-concerned patterns; Mongolians were more likely to have indulgent pattern. BMI was positively associated with meat-lover pattern in both genders (exp(β): 1·029; 95 % CI: 1·001, 1·058 for men; 1·018; 1·000, 1·036 for women) and negatively associated with nutri-health-concerned pattern in women (0·983; 0·966, 1·000). Mongolians were two times more likely to be overweight/obese than Han (OR: 3·126; 1·688, 5·790). Considerable ethnic differences existed in eating patterns in West China. Mongolians were more likely to be overweight/obese, which was associated with their indulgent eating patterns. Ethnic-specific healthy eating intervention programs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Department of Sociology, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxiang Wang
- Nutrition and Health Promotion Center, Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhancui Dang
- Nutrition and Health Promotion Center, Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangrui Zhang
- Nutrition and Health Promotion Center, Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, People's Republic of China
| | - Youfa Wang
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Tong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, People's Republic of China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research for Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Peng
- Nutrition and Health Promotion Center, Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, People's Republic of China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research for Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, People's Republic of China
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Ungvari A, Gulej R, Csik B, Mukli P, Negri S, Tarantini S, Yabluchanskiy A, Benyo Z, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z. The Role of Methionine-Rich Diet in Unhealthy Cerebrovascular and Brain Aging: Mechanisms and Implications for Cognitive Impairment. Nutrients 2023; 15:4662. [PMID: 37960316 PMCID: PMC10650229 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As aging societies in the western world face a growing prevalence of vascular cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD), understanding their underlying causes and associated risk factors becomes increasingly critical. A salient concern in the western dietary context is the high consumption of methionine-rich foods such as red meat. The present review delves into the impact of this methionine-heavy diet and the resultant hyperhomocysteinemia on accelerated cerebrovascular and brain aging, emphasizing their potential roles in cognitive impairment. Through a comprehensive exploration of existing evidence, a link between high methionine intake and hyperhomocysteinemia and oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and accelerated epigenetic aging is drawn. Moreover, the microvascular determinants of cognitive deterioration, including endothelial dysfunction, reduced cerebral blood flow, microvascular rarefaction, impaired neurovascular coupling, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, are explored. The mechanisms by which excessive methionine consumption and hyperhomocysteinemia might drive cerebromicrovascular and brain aging processes are elucidated. By presenting an intricate understanding of the relationships among methionine-rich diets, hyperhomocysteinemia, cerebrovascular and brain aging, and cognitive impairment, avenues for future research and potential therapeutic interventions are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ungvari
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rafal Gulej
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.G.); (B.C.); (P.M.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (A.Y.); (A.C.); (Z.U.)
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Boglarka Csik
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.G.); (B.C.); (P.M.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (A.Y.); (A.C.); (Z.U.)
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Department of Public Health, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Mukli
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.G.); (B.C.); (P.M.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (A.Y.); (A.C.); (Z.U.)
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Department of Public Health, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sharon Negri
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.G.); (B.C.); (P.M.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (A.Y.); (A.C.); (Z.U.)
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.G.); (B.C.); (P.M.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (A.Y.); (A.C.); (Z.U.)
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Department of Public Health, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.G.); (B.C.); (P.M.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (A.Y.); (A.C.); (Z.U.)
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Department of Public Health, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Zoltan Benyo
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary;
- Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.G.); (B.C.); (P.M.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (A.Y.); (A.C.); (Z.U.)
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Department of Translational Medicine, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.G.); (B.C.); (P.M.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (A.Y.); (A.C.); (Z.U.)
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Department of Public Health, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Kumar P, Abubakar AA, Verma AK, Umaraw P, Adewale Ahmed M, Mehta N, Nizam Hayat M, Kaka U, Sazili AQ. New insights in improving sustainability in meat production: opportunities and challenges. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11830-11858. [PMID: 35821661 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2096562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Treating livestock as senseless production machines has led to rampant depletion of natural resources, enhanced greenhouse gas emissions, gross animal welfare violations, and other ethical issues. It has essentially instigated constant scrutiny of conventional meat production by various experts and scientists. Sustainably in the meat sector is a big challenge which requires a multifaced and holistic approach. Novel tools like digitalization of the farming system and livestock market, precision livestock farming, application of remote sensing and artificial intelligence to manage production and environmental impact/GHG emission, can help in attaining sustainability in this sector. Further, improving nutrient use efficiency and recycling in feed and animal production through integration with agroecology and industrial ecology, improving individual animal and herd health by ensuring proper biosecurity measures and selective breeding, and welfare by mitigating animal stress during production are also key elements in achieving sustainability in meat production. In addition, sustainability bears a direct relationship with various social dimensions of meat production efficiency such as non-market attributes, balance between demand and consumption, market and policy failures. The present review critically examines the various aspects that significantly impact the efficiency and sustainability of meat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Abubakar Ahmed Abubakar
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Verma
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pramila Umaraw
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Muideen Adewale Ahmed
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nitin Mehta
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Muhammad Nizam Hayat
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ubedullah Kaka
- Department of Companion Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Awis Qurni Sazili
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Halal Products Research Institute, Putra Infoport, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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4
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Lee PN, Coombs KJ, Hamling JS. Evidence relating cigarettes, cigars and pipes to cardiovascular disease and stroke: Meta-analysis of recent data from three regions. World J Meta-Anal 2023; 11:290-312. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v11.i6.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More recent data are required relating to disease risk for use of various smoked products and of other products containing nicotine. Earlier we published meta-analyses of recent results for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer on the relative risk (RR) of current compared to never product use for cigarettes, cigars and pipes based on evidence from North America, Europe and Japan. We now report corresponding up-to-date evidence for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke.
AIM To estimate, using recent data, AMI, IHD and stroke RRs by region for current smoking of cigarettes, cigars and pipes.
METHODS Publications in English from 2015 to 2020 were considered that, based on epidemiological studies in the three regions, estimated the current smoking RR of AMI, IHD or stroke for one or more of the three products. The studies should involve at least 100 cases of stroke or cardiovascular disease (CVD), not be restricted to populations with specific medical conditions, and should be of cohort or nested case-control study design or randomized controlled trials. A literature search was conducted on MEDLINE, examining titles and abstracts initially, and then full texts. Additional papers were sought from reference lists of selected papers, reviews and meta-analyses. For each study identified, we entered the most recent available data on current smoking of each product, as well as the characteristics of the study and the RR estimates. Combined RR estimates were derived using random-effects meta-analysis for stroke and, in the case of CVD, separately for IHD and AMI. For cigarette smoking, where far more data were available, heterogeneity was studied by a wide range of factors. For cigar and pipe smoking, a more limited heterogeneity analysis was carried out. A more limited assessment of variation in risk by daily number of cigarettes smoked was also conducted. Results were compared with those from previous meta-analyses published since 2000.
RESULTS Current cigarette smoking: Ten studies gave a random-effects RR for AMI of 2.72 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.40-3.08], derived from 13 estimates between 1.47 and 4.72. Twenty-three studies gave an IHD RR of 2.01 (95%CI: 1.84-2.21), using 28 estimates between 0.81 and 4.30. Thirty-one studies gave a stroke RR of 1.62 (95%CI: 1.48-1.77), using 37 estimates from 0.66 to 2.91. Though heterogeneous, only two of the overall 78 RRs were below 1.0, 71 significantly (P < 0.05) exceeding 1.0. The heterogeneity was only partly explicable by the factors studied. Estimates were generally higher for females and for later-starting studies. They were significantly higher for North America than Europe for AMI, but not the other diseases. For stroke, the only endpoint with multiple Japanese studies, RRs were lower there than for Western studies. Adjustment for multiple factors tended to increase RRs. Our RR estimates and the variations by sex and region are consistent with earlier meta-analyses. RRs generally increased with amount smoked. Current cigar and pipe smoking: No AMI data were available. One North American study reported reduced IHD risk for non-exclusive cigar or pipe smoking, but considered few cases. Two North American studies found no increased stroke risk with exclusive cigar smoking, one reporting reduced risk for exclusive pipe smoking (RR 0.24, 95%CI: 0.06-0.91). The cigar results agree with an earlier review showing no clear risk increase for IHD or stroke.
CONCLUSION Current cigarette smoking increases risk of AMI, IHD and stroke, RRs being 2.72, 2.01 and 1.62. The stroke risk is lower in Japan, no increase was seen for cigars/pipes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Nicholas Lee
- Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, P.N.Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd., Sutton SM2 5DA, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Katharine J Coombs
- Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, P.N.Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd., Sutton SM2 5DA, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Jan S Hamling
- Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, P.N.Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd., Sutton SM2 5DA, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Wu Y, Wang M, Long Z, Ye J, Cao Y, Pei B, Gao Y, Yu Y, Han Z, Wang F, Zhao Y. How to Keep the Balance between Red and Processed Meat Intake and Physical Activity Regarding Mortality: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:3373. [PMID: 37571311 PMCID: PMC10421417 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-communicable diseases have become a major threat to public health, with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and cancer being the top two causes of death each year. OBJECTIVE Our objective is to evaluate the balanced association between the effect of red and processed meat intake on the risk of death and the effect of physical activity on the risk of mortality, where the risk of death includes all causes, CVDs, and cancers. METHODS We searched electronic databases, including PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, for prospective studies reporting risk estimates for the association between the intake of red and processed meat, walking, and muscle-strengthening activity (MSA) and the risk of mortality from all causes, CVDs, and cancer. We extracted fully adjusted effect estimates from original studies and performed a summary analysis using the fixed and random-effect models. RESULTS A conventional meta-analysis showed that red meat and processed meat were positively associated with the risk of mortality, and daily steps and MSA were negatively associated with the risk of death. Further analysis of the dose-response relationship showed that a risk reduction (20%) from 39.5 min/week of MSA or 4100 steps/d was equivalent to an increased risk of all-cause mortality from a daily intake of 103.4 g/d of red meat or 50 g/d of processed meat. The risk was further decreased as the number of steps per day increased, but the risk reversed when the MSA exceeded the threshold (39.5 min/week). CONCLUSIONS Adherence to physical activity is an effective way to reduce the risk of mortality due to meat intake. However, the total intake of red meat and processed meat should be controlled, especially the latter. Walking is recommended as the main daily physical activity of choice, while MSAs are preferred when time is limited, but it should be noted that longer MSAs do not provide additional benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150028, China; (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (B.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.Y.); (Z.H.)
| | - Maoqing Wang
- National Key Disciplines of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Rd., Nangang District, Harbin 150028, China;
| | - Zhiping Long
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150028, China; (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (B.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.Y.); (Z.H.)
| | - Jingyu Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150028, China; (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (B.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.Y.); (Z.H.)
| | - Yukun Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150028, China; (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (B.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.Y.); (Z.H.)
| | - Bing Pei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150028, China; (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (B.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.Y.); (Z.H.)
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150028, China; (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (B.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.Y.); (Z.H.)
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150028, China; (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (B.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.Y.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhen Han
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150028, China; (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (B.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.Y.); (Z.H.)
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150028, China; (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (B.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.Y.); (Z.H.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Yashuang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150028, China; (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (B.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.Y.); (Z.H.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin 150028, China
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Eilam Y, Khattib H, Pintel N, Avni D. Microalgae-Sustainable Source for Alternative Proteins and Functional Ingredients Promoting Gut and Liver Health. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2023; 7:2200177. [PMID: 37205927 PMCID: PMC10190620 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Dietary proteins derived from animal sources, although containing well-balanced profiles of essential amino acids, have considerable environmental and adverse health effects associated with the intake of some animal protein-based products. Consuming foods based on animal proteins carries a higher risk of developing non-communicable diseases such as cancer, heart disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Moreover, dietary protein consumption is increasing due to population growth, posing a supply challenge. There is, therefore, growing interest in discovering novel alternative protein sources. In this context, microalgae have been recognized as strategic crops that can provide a sustainable source of protein. Compared to conventional high-protein crops, using microalgal biomass for protein production presents several advantages in food and feed in terms of productivity, sustainability, and nutritional value. Moreover, microalgae positively impact the environment by not exploiting land or causing water pollution. Many studies have revealed the potential of microalgae as an alternative protein source with the added value of positive effects on human health due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties. The main emphasis of this review is on the potential health-promoting applications of microalgae-based proteins, peptides, and bioactive substances for IBD and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahav Eilam
- Sphingolipids, Active Metabolites, and Immune Modulation LaboratoryMIGAL – Galilee Research InstituteTarshish 2Kiryat ShemonaNorth1101600Israel
- Department of BiotechnologyTel Hai CollegeUpper GalileeNorth1220800Israel
| | - Hamdan Khattib
- Sphingolipids, Active Metabolites, and Immune Modulation LaboratoryMIGAL – Galilee Research InstituteTarshish 2Kiryat ShemonaNorth1101600Israel
| | - Noam Pintel
- Sphingolipids, Active Metabolites, and Immune Modulation LaboratoryMIGAL – Galilee Research InstituteTarshish 2Kiryat ShemonaNorth1101600Israel
| | - Dorit Avni
- Sphingolipids, Active Metabolites, and Immune Modulation LaboratoryMIGAL – Galilee Research InstituteTarshish 2Kiryat ShemonaNorth1101600Israel
- Department of BiotechnologyTel Hai CollegeUpper GalileeNorth1220800Israel
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7
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Molina RE, Bohrer BM, Mejia SMV. Phosphate alternatives for meat processing and challenges for the industry: A critical review. Food Res Int 2023; 166:112624. [PMID: 36914330 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Meat and meat products provide high levels of nutrition and many health benefits to consumers, yet a controversy exists regarding the use of non-meat additives, such as the inorganic phosphates that are commonly used in meat processing, and particularly their relationship to cardiovascular health and kidney complications. Inorganic phosphates are salts of phosphoric acid (e.g., sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, or calcium phosphate), whereas organic phosphates are ester compounds (e.g., the phospholipids found in cell membranes). In this sense, the meat industry remains active in its efforts to improve formulations for processed meat products with the use of natural ingredients. Despite efforts to improve formulations, many processed meat products still contain inorganic phosphates, which are used for their technological contributions to meat chemistry including improvements in water-holding capacity and protein solubilization. This review provides a thorough evaluation of phosphate substitutes in meat formulations and other processing technologies that can help eliminate phosphates from the formulations of processed meat products. In general, several ingredients have been evaluated as replacements for inorganic phosphates with varying degrees of success such as plant-based ingredients (e.g., starches, fibers, or seeds), fungi ingredients (e.g., mushrooms and mushroom extracts), algae ingredients, animal-based ingredients (e.g., meat/seafood, dairy, or egg materials), and inorganic compounds (i.e., minerals). Although these ingredients have shown some favorable effects in certain meat products, none have exactly matched the many functions of inorganic phosphates, so the support of extrinsic technologies, such as tumbling, ultrasound, high-pressure processing (HPP), and pulsed electric field (PEF), may be necessary to achieve similar physiochemical properties as conventional products. The meat industry should continue to investigate ways to scientifically innovate the formulations of, and the technologies used in, processed meat products while also listening to (and acting upon) the feedback from consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Eduardo Molina
- Departamento de producción animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Carrera 30, #45-03, Edificio 561A, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Benjamin M Bohrer
- Department of Animal Sciences. The Ohio State University. 2029, Fyffe Road, Columbus OH 43210, United States
| | - Sandra Milena Vásquez Mejia
- Departamento de producción animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Carrera 30, #45-03, Edificio 561A, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia.
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Chang KB, Wooden A, Rosman L, Altema-Johnson D, Ramsing R. Strategies for reducing meat consumption within college and university settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2023.1103060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionDespite the considerable public and planetary health benefits associated with reducing the amount of meat consumed in high-income countries, there is a limited empirical understanding of how these voluntary changes in food choice can be effectively facilitated across different settings. While prior reviews have given us broad insights into the varying capacities of behavior change strategies to promote meaningful reductions in meat consumption, none have compared how they perform relative to each other within a uniform dining context.MethodsTo address this gap in the literature, we synthesized the available research on university-implemented meat reduction interventions and examined the variations in the success rates and effect estimates associated with each of the three approaches identified in our systematic review.ResultsFrom our analyses of the 31 studies that met our criteria for inclusion (n = 31), we found that most were successful in reducing the amount of meat consumed within university settings. Moreover, independent of the number of individual strategies being used, multimodal interventions were found to be more reliable and effective in facilitating these changes in food choice than interventions targeting the choice architecture of the retail environment or conscious decision-making processes alone.DiscussionIn addition to demonstrating the overall value of behavior change initiatives in advancing more sustainable dining practices on college and university campuses, this study lends further insights into the merits and mechanics underlying strategically integrated approaches to dietary change. Further investigations exploring the persistence and generalizability of these effects and intervention design principles are needed.Systematic review registrationhttps://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/DXQ5V, identifier: 10.17605/OSF.IO/DXQ5V.
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9
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Fan B, Zhao JV. Sex-Specific Associations of Red Meat and Processed Meat Consumption with Serum Metabolites in the UK Biobank. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245306. [PMID: 36558463 PMCID: PMC9782977 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Red meat consumption has been found to closely related to cardiometabolic health, with sex disparity. However, the specific metabolic factors corresponding to red meat consumption in men and women have not been examined previously. We analyzed the sex-specific associations of meat consumption, with 167 metabolites using multivariable regression, controlling for age, ethnicity, Townsend deprivation index, education, physical activity, smoking, and drinking status among ~79,644 UK Biobank participants. We also compared the sex differences using an established formula. After accounting for multiple testing with false discovery rate < 5% and controlling for confounders, the positive associations of unprocessed red meat consumption with branched-chain amino acids and several lipoproteins, and the inverse association with glycine were stronger in women, while the positive associations with apolipoprotein A1, creatinine, and monounsaturated fatty acids were more obvious in men. For processed meat, the positive associations with branched-chain amino acids, several lipoproteins, tyrosine, lactate, glycoprotein acetyls and inverse associations with glutamine, and glycine were stronger in women than in men. The study suggests that meat consumption has sex-specific associations with several metabolites. This has important implication to provide dietary suggestions for individuals with or at high risk of cardiometabolic disease, with consideration of sex difference.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie V. Zhao
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-3917-6739; Fax: +852-3917-9280
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10
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Magkos F, Rasmussen SI, Hjorth MF, Asping S, Rosenkrans MI, Sjödin AM, Astrup AV, Geiker NRW. Unprocessed red meat in the dietary treatment of obesity: a randomized controlled trial of beef supplementation during weight maintenance after successful weight loss. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:1820-1830. [PMID: 36307956 PMCID: PMC9761757 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of unprocessed red meat in randomized trials has no adverse effects on cardiovascular risk factors and body weight, but its physiological effects during weight loss maintenance are not known. OBJECTIVES We sought to investigate the effects of healthy diets that include small or large amounts of red meat on the maintenance of lost weight after successful weight loss, and secondarily on body composition (DXA), resting energy expenditure (REE; indirect calorimetry), and cardiometabolic risk factors. METHODS In this 5-mo parallel randomized intervention trial, 108 adults with BMI 28-40 kg/m2 (45 males/63 females) underwent an 8-wk rapid weight loss period, and those who lost ≥8% body weight (n = 80) continued to ad libitum weight maintenance diets for 12 wk: a moderate-protein diet with 25 g beef/d (B25, n = 45) or a high-protein diet with 150 g beef/d (B150, n = 35). RESULTS In per protocol analysis (n = 69), mean body weight (-1.2 kg; 95% CI: -2.1, -0.3 kg), mean fat mass (-2.7 kg; 95% CI: -3.4, -2.0 kg), and mean body fat content (-2.6%; 95% CI: -3.1, -2.1%) decreased during the maintenance phase, whereas mean lean mass (1.5 kg; 95% CI: 1.0, 2.0 kg) and mean REE (51 kcal/d; 95% CI: 15, 86 kcal/d) increased, with no differences between groups (all P > 0.05). Results were similar in intention-to-treat analysis with multiple imputation for dropouts (20 from B150 compared with 19 from B25, P = 0.929). Changes in cardiometabolic risk factors were not different between groups, the general pattern being a decrease during weight loss and a return to baseline during weight maintenance (and despite the additional mild reduction in weight and fat mass). CONCLUSIONS Healthy diets consumed ad libitum that contain a little or a lot of unprocessed beef have similar effects on body weight, energy metabolism, and cardiovascular risk factors during the first 3 mo after clinically significant rapid weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sidse I Rasmussen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sarah Asping
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria I Rosenkrans
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders M Sjödin
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Nina R W Geiker
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Allen TS, Bhatia HS, Wood AC, Momin SR, Allison MA. State-of-the-Art Review: Evidence on Red Meat Consumption and Hypertension Outcomes. Am J Hypertens 2022; 35:679-687. [PMID: 35561332 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpac064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including ischemic heart disease, stroke, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. The prevalence of HTN, as well as mortality rates attributable to HTN, continue to increase, particularly in the United States and among Black populations. The risk of HTN involves a complex interaction of genetics and modifiable risk factors, including dietary patterns. In this regard, there is accumulating evidence that links dietary intake of red meat with a higher risk of poorly controlled blood pressure and HTN. However, research on this topic contains significant methodological limitations, which are described in the review. The report provided below also summarizes the available research reports, with an emphasis on processed red meat consumption and how different dietary patterns among certain populations may contribute to HTN-related health disparities. Finally, this review outlines potential mechanisms and provides recommendations for providers to counsel patients with evidence-based nutritional approaches regarding red meat and the risk of HTN, as well as CVD morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Shrout Allen
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Harpreet S Bhatia
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Alexis C Wood
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shabnam R Momin
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew A Allison
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
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12
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Wang M, Ma H, Song Q, Zhou T, Hu Y, Heianza Y, Manson JE, Qi L. Red meat consumption and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: results from the UK Biobank study. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2543-2553. [PMID: 35220441 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02807-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the prospective associations between red meat consumption and all-cause and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) mortality, and to assess the modification effects of lifestyle and genetic risk factors. METHODS 180,642 individuals free of CVD or cancer were enrolled from 2006 to 2010 and followed up to 2018 in the UK Biobank. Information on demographics, lifestyles, and medical history was collected through a baseline touchscreen questionnaire. The information on diet was collected through a single touchscreen food-frequency questionnaire. A total of ten single-nucleotide polymorphisms were used to calculate the genetic risk score (GRS) of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbiota metabolite from red meat. Adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to assess the association of red meat consumption with mortality. RESULTS We documented 3596 deaths [655 CVD deaths, 285 coronary heart disease (CHD) deaths, and 149 stroke deaths] during median 8.6 years of follow-up. Compared with the lowest red meat intake (< 1.5 times/week), the highest red meat intake (≥ 3.0 times/week) was associated with a 20%, 53%, and 101% elevated risk for CVD, CHD, and stroke mortality (P for trend = 0.04, 0.007, and 0.02, respectively), but not all-cause mortality. We found that the associations between red meat intake and mortality were not modified by dietary and lifestyle factors, as well as TMAO GRS. In addition, substitution analyses showed that a decrease in red meat consumption and an increase in the consumption of poultry or cereal was significantly associated with 9%-16% lower CVD or CHD mortality risk. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that red meat consumption was associated with higher risks of CVD, CHD, and stroke mortality, and the associations were not modified by lifestyle and genetic risk factors. Replacing red meat by poultry or cereal was related to lower risks of CVD and CHD mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Hao Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Qiying Song
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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13
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Behl T, Kumar S, Singh S, Bhatia S, Albarrati A, Albratty M, Meraya AM, Najmi A, Bungau S. Reviving the mutual impact of SARS-COV-2 and obesity on patients: From morbidity to mortality. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113178. [PMID: 35644117 PMCID: PMC9127128 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related metabolic dysfunction, endothelium imbalance, chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and its comorbidities may all have a role in systemic inflammation, leading to the pulmonary fibrosis and cytokine storm, which leads to failure of lung function, which is a hallmark of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Obesity may also disrupt the function of mucociliary escalators and cooperation of epithelial cell's motile cilia in the airway, limiting the clearance of the coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). Adipose tissues in obese patients have a greater number of proteases and receptors for SARS-CoV-2 admittance, proposing that they could serve as an accelerator and reservoir for this virus, boosting immunological response and systemic inflammation. Lastly, anti-inflammatory cytokines such as anti-IL-6 and the infusion of mesenchymal stem cells could be used as a modulation therapy of immunity to help COVID-19 patients. Obesity, on the other hand, is linked to the progress of COVID-19 through a variety of molecular pathways, and obese people are part of the SARS-CoV-2 susceptible individuals, necessitating more protective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India,Corresponding author
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman,School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ali Albarrati
- Rehabilitation Health Sciences College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M. Meraya
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania,Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania,Corresponding author at: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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14
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Shiga Y, Nezu T, Shimomura R, Sato K, Himeno T, Terasawa Y, Aoki S, Hosomi N, Kohriyama T, Maruyama H. Various effects of nutritional status on clinical outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage. Intern Emerg Med 2022; 17:1043-1052. [PMID: 34853991 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-021-02901-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although the assessment of nutrition is essential for stroke patients, detailed associations between nutritional status at admission, subsequent complications, and clinical outcomes in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are unclear. We aimed to elucidate these associations using the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score. Consecutive patients with acute ICH were investigated. Nutritional status was evaluated using the CONUT score, calculated from the serum albumin level, lymphocyte count, and total cholesterol level. Subsequent complications, such as hemorrhage expansion (HE) during the acute stage and aspiration pneumonia during hospitalization, were evaluated. Poor outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of ≥ 3 at 3 months. Of the 721 patients, 49 had HE, 111 had aspiration pneumonia, and 409 had poor outcomes. Patients with HE had significantly lower total cholesterol levels than those without HE. Patients with aspiration pneumonia had significantly lower albumin levels, lower lymphocyte counts, and higher CONUT scores than those without aspiration pneumonia. Patients with poor outcomes had significantly lower albumin levels, lower lymphocyte counts, lower total cholesterol levels, and higher CONUT scores than those with good outcomes. Multivariable logistic analysis showed that higher CONUT scores were independently associated with poor outcome (odds ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.49; P = 0.002) after adjusting for baseline characteristics, HE, and aspiration pneumonia. Each component of CONUT was a useful predictor of subsequent complications. Malnutrition, determined using the CONUT score, was independently associated with poor outcomes in patients with ICH after adjusting for these complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Shiga
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Nezu
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Ryo Shimomura
- Department of Neurology, Brain Attack Center Ota Memorial Hospital, Fukuyama, Japan
| | - Kota Sato
- Department of Neurology, Brain Attack Center Ota Memorial Hospital, Fukuyama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Himeno
- Department of Neurology, Brain Attack Center Ota Memorial Hospital, Fukuyama, Japan
| | - Yuka Terasawa
- Department of Neurology, Brain Attack Center Ota Memorial Hospital, Fukuyama, Japan
| | - Shiro Aoki
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Naohisa Hosomi
- Department of Neurology, Chikamori Hospital, Kochi, Japan
- Department of Disease Model, Research Institute of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kohriyama
- Department of Neurology, Brain Attack Center Ota Memorial Hospital, Fukuyama, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Maruyama
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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15
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Dominguez LJ, Veronese N, Baiamonte E, Guarrera M, Parisi A, Ruffolo C, Tagliaferri F, Barbagallo M. Healthy Aging and Dietary Patterns. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040889. [PMID: 35215539 PMCID: PMC8879056 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of factors contribute to the complex process of aging, which finally define whether someone will or not develop age-associated chronic diseases in late life. These determinants comprise genetic susceptibility as well as various behavioral, environmental, and dietary factors, all of which have been shown to influence specific pathways regulating the aging process and the extension of life, which makes longevity a multidimensional phenomenon. Although a “miraculous elixir” or a “nutrition pill” are not plausible, researchers agree on the notion that nutritional factors have major impact on the risk of age-associated chronic non-communicable diseases and mortality. In recent years nutrition research in relation to health outcomes has considerably changed from focusing exclusively on single nutrients to considering combinations of foods rather than nutrients in isolation. Although research on specific nutrients is scientifically valid providing crucial evidence on the mechanisms by which nutrition impacts health, the recent switch targeting the multifaceted synergistic interplay among nutrients, other dietary constituents, and whole foods, has promoted emerging interest on the actions of total dietary patterns. This narrative review aims to describe some specific dietary patterns with evidence of associations with reduction in the incidence of chronic diseases allowing older adults to live a long-lasting and healthier life, and confirming the powerful impact nutrition can exert on healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia J. Dominguez
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (F.T.); (M.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, 94100 Enna, Italy
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-091-655-4828; Fax: +39-091-655-2952
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (F.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Eleonora Baiamonte
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (F.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Martina Guarrera
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (F.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Angela Parisi
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (F.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Chiara Ruffolo
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (F.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Federica Tagliaferri
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (F.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Mario Barbagallo
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (F.T.); (M.B.)
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16
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Wang CR, Hu TY, Hao FB, Chen N, Peng Y, Wu JJ, Yang PF, Zhong GC. Type 2 Diabetes-Prevention Diet and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Prospective Study. Am J Epidemiol 2022; 191:472-486. [PMID: 34729579 PMCID: PMC8895391 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to examine whether type 2 diabetes–prevention diet, a dietary pattern previously developed for reducing type 2 diabetes risk, was associated with mortality in a US population. A population-based cohort of 86,633 subjects was identified from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (1993–2015). Dietary information was collected with a food frequency questionnaire. A dietary diabetes risk-reduction score was calculated to reflect adherence to this dietary pattern, with higher scores representing better adherence. Hazard ratios (HRs) and absolute risk differences (ARDs) in mortality rates per 10,000 person-years were calculated. After a mean follow-up of 13.6 years, 17,532 all-cause deaths were observed. Participants with the highest versus the lowest quintiles of dietary diabetes risk-reduction score were observed to have decreased risks of death from all causes (HR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.80; ARD: −81.94, 95% CI: −93.76, −71.12), cardiovascular disease (HR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.66, 0.81; ARD: −17.82, 95% CI: −24.81, −11.30), and cancer (HR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.78, 0.94; ARD: −9.92, 95% CI: −15.86, −3.59), which were modified by sex, smoking status, or alcohol consumption in subgroup analyses (P for interaction < 0.05 for all). In conclusion, a type 2 diabetes–prevention diet confers reduced risks of death from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in this US population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guo-Chao Zhong
- Correspondence to Dr. Guo-Chao Zhong, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong district, Chongqing 400010, China (e-mail: )
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17
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Kagawa Y. Influence of Nutritional Intakes in Japan and the United States on COVID-19 Infection. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030633. [PMID: 35276992 PMCID: PMC8839931 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The U.S. and Japan are both democratic industrialized societies, but the numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths per million people in the U.S. (including Japanese Americans) are 12.1-times and 17.4-times higher, respectively, than those in Japan. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of diet on preventing COVID-19 infection. An analysis of dietary intake and the prevalence of obesity in the populations of both countries was performed, and their effects on COVID-19 infection were examined. Approximately 1.5-times more saturated fat and less eicosapentaenoic acid/docosahexaenoic acid are consumed in the U.S. than in Japan. Compared with food intakes in Japan (100%), those in the U.S. were as follows: beef 396%, sugar and sweeteners 235%, fish 44.3%, rice 11.5%, soybeans 0.5%, and tea 54.7%. The last four of these foods contain functional substances that prevent COVID-19. The prevalence of obesity is 7.4- and 10-times greater in the U.S. than in Japan for males and females, respectively. Mendelian randomization established a causal relationship between obesity and COVID-19 infection. Large differences in nutrient intakes and the prevalence of obesity, but not racial differences, may be partly responsible for differences in the incidence and mortality of COVID-19 between the U.S. and Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Kagawa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kagawa Nutrition University, Saitama 350-0288, Japan
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18
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Guyomard H, Bouamra-Mechemache Z, Chatellier V, Delaby L, Détang-Dessendre C, Peyraud JL, Réquillart V. Review: Why and how to regulate animal production and consumption: The case of the European Union. Animal 2021; 15 Suppl 1:100283. [PMID: 34301510 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout the world, animal production faces huge sustainability challenges. The latter are exacerbated in the European Union (EU) by consumption issues linked, in particular, to the health and environmental impacts of meat consumption, and by the increasing societal concerns linked to animal welfare. Simultaneously, animal production may also provide benefits, notably from an economic and nutritional point of view. Some livestock systems, notably grass-based systems, may also offer positive climatic and environmental effects. Animal production is highly regulated in the EU, whereas the consumption of animal products is not (or very lightly) regulated. Many of the negative and positive effects are public goods that are not well taken into account by private actors and markets. Thus, there is legitimacy and scope for public policies aimed at reducing the damage and increasing the benefits of animal production and consumption. The last part of the paper explains how this could be achieved in the EU through a significantly revised and extended Common Agricultural Policy that more closely follows the principles of public economics. Public regulation principles that are proposed have a more general scope and can be adapted to other livestock contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Guyomard
- SDAR, INRAE, Domaine de la Motte, 35 650 Le Rheu, France.
| | - Z Bouamra-Mechemache
- Toulouse School of Economics, INRAE, University of Toulouse Capitole, 1 Esplanade de l'université, 31 080 Toulouse Cedex 6, France
| | - V Chatellier
- SMART-LERECO, INRAE, 3 impasse Yvette Cauchois, La Géraudière, 44316 Nantes, France
| | - L Delaby
- PEGASE, INRAE, Domaine de la Prise, 35 590 Saint-Gilles, France
| | - C Détang-Dessendre
- CESAER, INRAE, AgroSup Dijon, 26 bd docteur Petitjean, 21079 Dijon cedex, France
| | - J-L Peyraud
- CODIR, INRAE, 147 rue de l'université, 75 338 Paris Cedex 07, France
| | - V Réquillart
- Toulouse School of Economics, INRAE, University of Toulouse Capitole, 1 Esplanade de l'université, 31 080 Toulouse Cedex 6, France
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