1
|
Wang Z, Zhang L, Xing T, Zhao L, Gao F. Effects of sodium lactate injection on meat quality and lactate content in broiler chickens: emphasis on injection method and dosage. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104084. [PMID: 39067126 PMCID: PMC11338084 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to develop an experimental model of high lactate levels in broilers to mimic the condition of birds under stress or diseases and evaluate its consequent effects on meat quality. The injection sites and dosage effects were compared separately in 2 experiments. Experiment 1 includes 3 injection sites: intraperitoneal injection, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. Experiment 2 was a dosage experiment based on the results of Experiment 1: sodium lactate intraperitoneal injection group with 1.5, 3, 6 mM concentration. The results showed that injecting sodium lactate intraperitoneally, intramuscularly, or subcutaneously all significantly decreased body weight and breast muscle weight while elevating lactic acid levels in both the blood and breast muscle of broilers. Moreover, all 3 injection methods caused a significant reduction in pH24h and an increase in the shear force value of breast muscle. In addition, dose-response experiments of intraperitoneal injection showed that a concentration of 3 mM and 6 mM were significantly decreased body weight and breast muscle weight in broiler chickens, accompanied by a notable increase in breast muscle lactate content. Compared to the control group, intraperitoneal injections of 1.5 mM, 3 mM, and 6 mM sodium lactate treatments significantly reduced the yellowness values of the breast muscle. As the dose of sodium lactate increased, the shear force value of the breast meat exhibited linear and quadratic increments, while the drip loss decreased linearly. Intraperitoneal injection of 3 mM sodium lactate also significantly reduced the pH24h of broiler breast muscle. In addition, an increased dose of lactate injections up-regulated the glycolytic pathway responsible for endogenous lactate production in the breast muscle by upregulating the expression of phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase A. In conclusion, intraperitoneal injection of sodium lactate at 3 mM directly increased breast muscle lactate levels, providing a valuable method for establishing a high-level lactate model in poultry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sharma AK, Khandelwal R, Wolfrum C. Futile cycles: Emerging utility from apparent futility. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1184-1203. [PMID: 38565147 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Futile cycles are biological phenomena where two opposing biochemical reactions run simultaneously, resulting in a net energy loss without appreciable productivity. Such a state was presumed to be a biological aberration and thus deemed an energy-wasting "futile" cycle. However, multiple pieces of evidence suggest that biological utilities emerge from futile cycles. A few established functions of futile cycles are to control metabolic sensitivity, modulate energy homeostasis, and drive adaptive thermogenesis. Yet, the physiological regulation, implication, and pathological relevance of most futile cycles remain poorly studied. In this review, we highlight the abundance and versatility of futile cycles and propose a classification scheme. We further discuss the energetic implications of various futile cycles and their impact on basal metabolic rate, their bona fide and tentative pathophysiological implications, and putative drug interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Sharma
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
| | - Radhika Khandelwal
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou Y, Liu X, Qi Z, Yang L, Huang C, Lin D. Deciphering the Therapeutic Role of Lactate in Combating Disuse-Induced Muscle Atrophy: An NMR-Based Metabolomic Study in Mice. Molecules 2024; 29:2216. [PMID: 38792078 PMCID: PMC11124173 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Disuse muscle atrophy (DMA) is a significant healthcare challenge characterized by progressive loss of muscle mass and function resulting from prolonged inactivity. The development of effective strategies for muscle recovery is essential. In this study, we established a DMA mouse model through hindlimb suspension to evaluate the therapeutic potential of lactate in alleviating the detrimental effects on the gastrocnemius muscle. Using NMR-based metabolomic analysis, we investigated the metabolic changes in DMA-injured gastrocnemius muscles compared to controls and evaluated the beneficial effects of lactate treatment. Our results show that lactate significantly reduced muscle mass loss and improved muscle function by downregulating Murf1 expression, decreasing protein ubiquitination and hydrolysis, and increasing myosin heavy chain levels. Crucially, lactate corrected perturbations in four key metabolic pathways in the DMA gastrocnemius: the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan; phenylalanine metabolism; histidine metabolism; and arginine and proline metabolism. In addition to phenylalanine-related pathways, lactate also plays a role in regulating branched-chain amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism. Notably, lactate treatment normalized the levels of eight essential metabolites in DMA mice, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic agent against the consequences of prolonged inactivity and muscle wasting. This study not only advances our understanding of the therapeutic benefits of lactate but also provides a foundation for novel treatment approaches aimed at metabolic restoration and muscle recovery in conditions of muscle wasting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Xi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Zhen Qi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Longhe Yang
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Caihua Huang
- Research and Communication Center of Exercise and Health, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361021, China;
| | - Donghai Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sharma AK, Khandelwal R, Wolfrum C. Futile lipid cycling: from biochemistry to physiology. Nat Metab 2024; 6:808-824. [PMID: 38459186 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
In the healthy state, the fat stored in our body isn't just inert. Rather, it is dynamically mobilized to maintain an adequate concentration of fatty acids (FAs) in our bloodstream. Our body tends to produce excess FAs to ensure that the FA availability is not limiting. The surplus FAs are actively re-esterified into glycerides, initiating a cycle of breakdown and resynthesis of glycerides. This cycle consumes energy without generating a new product and is commonly referred to as the 'futile lipid cycle' or the glyceride/FA cycle. Contrary to the notion that it's a wasteful process, it turns out this cycle is crucial for systemic metabolic homeostasis. It acts as a control point in intra-adipocyte and inter-organ cross-talk, a metabolic rheostat, an energy sensor and a lipid diversifying mechanism. In this Review, we discuss the metabolic regulation and physiological implications of the glyceride/FA cycle and its mechanistic underpinnings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Sharma
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
| | - Radhika Khandelwal
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rugg C, Schmid S, Zipperle J, Kreutziger J. Stress hyperglycaemia following trauma - a survival benefit or an outcome detriment? Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2024; 37:131-138. [PMID: 38390910 DOI: 10.1097/aco.0000000000001350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Stress hyperglycaemia occur often in critically injured patients. To gain new consideration about it, this review compile current as well as known immunological and biochemical findings about causes and emergence. RECENT FINDINGS Glucose is the preferred energy substrate for fending immune cells, reparative tissue and the cardiovascular system following trauma. To fulfil these energy needs, the liver is metabolically reprogrammed to rebuild glucose from lactate and glucogenic amino acids (hepatic insulin resistance) at the expenses of muscles mass and - to a less extent - fat tissue (proteolysis, lipolysis, peripheral insulin resistance). This inevitably leads to stress hyperglycaemia, which is evolutionary preserved and seems to be an essential and beneficial survival response. It is initiated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), intensified by immune cells itself and mainly ruled by tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α and catecholamines with lactate and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α as intracellular signals and lactate as an energy shuttle. Important biochemical mechanisms involved in this response are the Warburg effect as an efficient metabolic shortcut and the extended Cori cycle. SUMMARY Stress hyperglycaemia is beneficial in an acute life-threatening situation, but further research is necessary, to prevent trauma patients from the detrimental effects of persisting hyperglycaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Rugg
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Schmid
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Zipperle
- Johannes Zipperle, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janett Kreutziger
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dafre AL, Zahid S, Probst JJ, Currais A, Yu J, Schubert D, Maher P. CMS121: a novel approach to mitigate aging-related obesity and metabolic dysfunction. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:4980-4999. [PMID: 38517358 PMCID: PMC11006478 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modulated by differences in genetic and environmental factors, laboratory mice often show progressive weight gain, eventually leading to obesity and metabolic dyshomeostasis. Since the geroneuroprotector CMS121 has a positive effect on energy metabolism in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes, we investigated the potential of CMS121 to counteract the metabolic changes observed during the ageing process of wild type mice. METHODS Control or CMS121-containing diets were supplied ad libitum for 6 months, and mice were sacrificed at the age of 7 months. Blood, adipose tissue, and liver were analyzed for glucose, lipids, and protein markers of energy metabolism. RESULTS The CMS121 diet induced a 40% decrease in body weight gain and improved both glucose and lipid indexes. Lower levels of hepatic caspase 1, caspase 3, and NOX4 were observed with CMS121 indicating a lower liver inflammatory status. Adipose tissue from CMS121-treated mice showed increased levels of the transcription factors Nrf1 and TFAM, as well as markers of mitochondrial electron transport complexes, levels of GLUT4 and a higher resting metabolic rate. Metabolomic analysis revealed elevated plasma concentrations of short chain acylcarnitines and butyrate metabolites in mice treated with CMS121. CONCLUSIONS The diminished de novo lipogenesis, which is associated with increased acetyl-CoA, acylcarnitine, and butyrate metabolite levels, could contribute to safeguarding not only the peripheral system but also the aging brain. By mimicking the effects of ketogenic diets, CMS121 holds promise for metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes, since these diets are hard to follow over the long term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alcir L. Dafre
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Saadia Zahid
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jessica Jorge Probst
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Antonio Currais
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jingting Yu
- The Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - David Schubert
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pamela Maher
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Scriven JW, Battaloglu E. The Effectiveness of Prehospital Subcutaneous Continuous Lactate Monitoring in Adult Trauma: A Systematic Review. Prehosp Disaster Med 2024; 39:78-84. [PMID: 38047359 PMCID: PMC10882558 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x23006623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Existing diagnostics for polytrauma patients continue to rely on non-invasive monitoring techniques with limited sensitivity and specificity for critically unwell patients. Lactate is a known diagnostic and prognostic marker used in infection and trauma and has been associated with mortality, need for surgery, and organ dysfunction. Point-of-care (POC) testing allows for the periodic assessment of lactate levels; however, there is an associated expense and equipment burden associated with repeated sampling, with limited feasibility in prehospital care. Subcutaneous lactate monitoring has the potential to provide a dynamic assessment of physiological lactate levels and utilize these trends to guide management and response to given treatments. STUDY OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to appraise the current literature on dynamic subcutaneous continuous lactate monitoring (SCLM) in adult trauma patients and its use in lactate-guided therapy in the prehospital environment. METHODS The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and registered with PROSPERO. Searched databases included PubMed, EMBASE via Ovid SP, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Databases were searched from inception to March 29, 2022. Relevant manuscripts were further scrutinized for reference citations to interrogate the fullness of the adjacent literature. RESULTS Searches returned 600 studies, including 551 unique manuscripts. Following title and abstract screening, 14 manuscripts met the threshold for full-text sourcing. Subsequent to the scrutiny of all 14 manuscripts, none fully met the specified eligibility criteria. Following careful examination, no article was found to cover the exact area of scientific inquiry due to disparity in technological or environmental characteristics. CONCLUSION Little is known about the utility of dynamic subcutaneous lactate monitoring, and this review highlights a clear gap in current literature. Novel subcutaneous lactate monitors are in development, and the literature describing the prototype experimentation has been summarized. These studies demonstrate device accuracy, which shows a close correlation with venous lactate while providing dynamic readings without significant lag times. Their availability and cost remain barriers to implementation at present. This represents a clear target for future feasibility studies to be conducted into the clinical use of dynamic subcutaneous lactate monitoring in trauma and resuscitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie W. Scriven
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales
- West Midlands Central Accident, Resuscitation & Emergency Team, Birmingham, England
| | - Emir Battaloglu
- West Midlands Central Accident, Resuscitation & Emergency Team, Birmingham, England
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, England
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gong H, Zhong H, Cheng L, Li LP, Zhang DK. Post-translational protein lactylation modification in health and diseases: a double-edged sword. J Transl Med 2024; 22:41. [PMID: 38200523 PMCID: PMC10777551 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04842-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
As more is learned about lactate, it acts as both a product and a substrate and functions as a shuttle system between different cell populations to provide the energy for sustaining tumor growth and proliferation. Recent discoveries of protein lactylation modification mediated by lactate play an increasingly significant role in human health (e.g., neural and osteogenic differentiation and maturation) and diseases (e.g., tumors, fibrosis and inflammation, etc.). These views are critically significant and first described in detail in this review. Hence, here, we focused on a new target, protein lactylation, which may be a "double-edged sword" of human health and diseases. The main purpose of this review was to describe how protein lactylation acts in multiple physiological and pathological processes and their potential mechanisms through an in-depth summary of preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies. Our work aims to provide new ideas for treating different diseases and accelerate translation from bench to bedside.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Huang Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Long Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Liang-Ping Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - De-Kui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yan J, Xie J, Xu S, Guo Y, Ji K, Li C, Gao H, Zhao L. Fibroblast growth factor 21 protects the liver from apoptosis in a type 1 diabetes mouse model via regulating L-lactate homeostasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115737. [PMID: 37862975 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hepatokine with pleiotropic effects on glucose and lipid metabolic homeostasis. Here, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of FGF21 on L-lactate homeostasis and liver lesions in a type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) mice model. METHODS Six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were divided into control, T1DM, and FGF21 groups. We also examined hepatic apoptotic signaling and functional indices in wild-type and hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCA1) knockout mice with T1DM or long-term L-lactate exposure. After preincubation of high glucose- or L-lactate treated hepatic AML12 cells, L-lactate uptake, apoptosis, and monocarboxylic acid transporter 2 (MCT2) expression were investigated. RESULTS In a mouse model of T1DM, hepatic FGF21 expression was downregulated by approximately 1.5-fold at 13 weeks after the hyperglycemic insult. In vivo administration of exogenous FGF21 (2 mg/kg) to diabetic or L-lactate-infused mice significantly prevented hepatic oxidative stress and apoptosis by activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways. HCA1-KO mice were less susceptible to diabetes- and L-lactate-induced hepatic apoptosis and dysfunction. In addition, inhibition of PI3K-mTOR activity revealed that FGF21 prevented L-lactate-induced Cori cycle alterations and hepatic apoptosis by upregulating MCT2 protein translation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results demonstrate that L-lactate homeostasis may be a therapeutic target for T1DM-related hepatic dysfunction. The protective effects of FGF21 on hepatic damage were associated with its ability to ameliorate MCT2-dependent Cori cycle alterations and prevent HCA1-mediated inhibition of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and AMPK signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiapin Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sibei Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuejun Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Keru Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongchang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liangcai Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rong Y, Dong F, Zhang G, Tang M, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Tao P, Cai H. The crosstalking of lactate-Histone lactylation and tumor. Proteomics Clin Appl 2023; 17:e2200102. [PMID: 36853081 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202200102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Lactate was once considered to be a by-product of energy metabolism, but its unique biological value was only gradually explored with the advent of the Warburg effect. As an end product of glycolysis, lactate can act as a substrate for energy metabolism, a signal transduction molecule, a regulator of the tumor microenvironment and immune cells, and a regulator of the deubiquitination of specific enzymes, and is involved in various biological aspects of tumor regulation, including energy shuttling, growth and invasion, angiogenesis and immune escape. Furthermore, we describe a novel lactate-dependent epigenetic modification, namely histone lactylation modification, and review the progress of its study in tumors, mainly involving the reprogramming of tumor phenotypes, regulation of related gene expression, mediation of the glycolytic process in tumor stem cells (CSCs) and influence on the tumor immune microenvironment. The study of epigenetic regulation of tumor genes by histone modification is still in its infancy, and we expect that by summarizing the effects of lactate and histone modification on tumor and related gene regulation, we will clarify the scientific significance of future histone modification studies and the problems to be solved, and open up new fields for targeted tumor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Rong
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou, China
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fengyuan Dong
- Geriatrics Department, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Lianyugang, China
| | - Guiqian Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou, China
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingzheng Tang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou, China
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiashuang Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou, China
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Cadre Ward of General Surgery Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengxian Tao
- Cadre Ward of General Surgery Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hui Cai
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
White MR, Yates DT. Dousing the flame: reviewing the mechanisms of inflammatory programming during stress-induced intrauterine growth restriction and the potential for ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intervention. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1250134. [PMID: 37727657 PMCID: PMC10505810 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1250134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) arises when maternal stressors coincide with peak placental development, leading to placental insufficiency. When the expanding nutrient demands of the growing fetus subsequently exceed the capacity of the stunted placenta, fetal hypoxemia and hypoglycemia result. Poor fetal nutrient status stimulates greater release of inflammatory cytokines and catecholamines, which in turn lead to thrifty growth and metabolic programming that benefits fetal survival but is maladaptive after birth. Specifically, some IUGR fetal tissues develop enriched expression of inflammatory cytokine receptors and other signaling cascade components, which increases inflammatory sensitivity even when circulating inflammatory cytokines are no longer elevated after birth. Recent evidence indicates that greater inflammatory tone contributes to deficits in skeletal muscle growth and metabolism that are characteristic of IUGR offspring. These deficits underlie the metabolic dysfunction that markedly increases risk for metabolic diseases in IUGR-born individuals. The same programming mechanisms yield reduced metabolic efficiency, poor body composition, and inferior carcass quality in IUGR-born livestock. The ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are diet-derived nutraceuticals with anti-inflammatory effects that have been used to improve conditions of chronic systemic inflammation, including intrauterine stress. In this review, we highlight the role of sustained systemic inflammation in the development of IUGR pathologies. We then discuss the potential for ω-3 PUFA supplementation to improve inflammation-mediated growth and metabolic deficits in IUGR offspring, along with potential barriers that must be considered when developing a supplementation strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dustin T. Yates
- Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang G, Huang S, Hu K, Lu A, Yang J, Meroueh N, Dang P, Wang Y, Zhu H, Cao S, Zhang C. Flux estimation analysis systematically characterizes the metabolic shifts of the central metabolism pathway in human cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1117810. [PMID: 37377905 PMCID: PMC10291142 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1117810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glucose and glutamine are major carbon and energy sources that promote the rapid proliferation of cancer cells. Metabolic shifts observed on cell lines or mouse models may not reflect the general metabolic shifts in real human cancer tissue. Method In this study, we conducted a computational characterization of the flux distribution and variations of the central energy metabolism and key branches in a pan-cancer analysis, including the glycolytic pathway, production of lactate, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, nucleic acid synthesis, glutaminolysis, glutamate, glutamine, and glutathione metabolism, and amino acid synthesis, in 11 cancer subtypes and nine matched adjacent normal tissue types using TCGA transcriptomics data. Result Our analysis confirms the increased influx in glucose uptake and glycolysis and decreased upper part of the TCA cycle, i.e., the Warburg effect, in almost all the analyzed cancer. However, increased lactate production and the second half of the TCA cycle were only seen in certain cancer types. More interestingly, we failed to detect significantly altered glutaminolysis in cancer tissues compared to their adjacent normal tissues. A systems biology model of metabolic shifts through cancer and tissue types is further developed and analyzed. We observed that (1) normal tissues have distinct metabolic phenotypes; (2) cancer types have drastically different metabolic shifts compared to their adjacent normal controls; and (3) the different shifts in tissue-specific metabolic phenotypes result in a converged metabolic phenotype through cancer types and cancer progression. Discussion This study strongly suggests the possibility of having a unified framework for studies of cancer-inducing stressors, adaptive metabolic reprogramming, and cancerous behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Yang
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Carmel High School, Carmel, IN, United States
| | - Shaoyang Huang
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Carmel High School, Carmel, IN, United States
| | - Kevin Hu
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Carmel High School, Carmel, IN, United States
| | - Alex Lu
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Park Tudor School, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jonathan Yang
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Carmel High School, Carmel, IN, United States
| | - Noah Meroueh
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Carmel High School, Carmel, IN, United States
| | - Pengtao Dang
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Yijie Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Haiqi Zhu
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Sha Cao
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Chi Zhang
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lin RY, Deng L, An DL, Zhou ZH. Binuclear, tetranuclear and hexadecanuclear thio-oxomolybdenum(V/IV) glycolates with selective adsorptions of gases. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:562-571. [PMID: 36416137 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03324k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
By adjusting the pH values of the solutions, binuclear, tetranuclear and hexadecanuclear glycolato thio- and oxomolybdenum(V/IV) complexes [MoV2O2(μ2-O)(μ2-S)(Hglyc)2(Hpz)2]·H2O (1, H2glyc = glycolic acid, Hpz = pyrazole), (Hdpa)[MoV2O2(μ2-S)2(Hglyc)(glyc)(H2O)] (2, dpa = 2,2'-dipyridylamine), (Hdpa)4[MoV4O4(μ3-O)2(μ2-S)2(glyc)2(S2O3)2] (3) and Na2[MoIV4MoV12O12(μ2-O)6(μ2-OH)2(μ3-O)12(glyc)4(Hpz)4(pz)8]·28H2O (4) have been obtained successfully. Here the glycolates existed in varying aggregates with different degrees of protonation and deprotonation in 1-4. The stable formations of 1 and 2 are attributed to strong hydrogen bonds formed between the molecules. In particular, the asymmetric unit in 2 is a tetramer linked by hydrogen bonding [2.574(9) Å] between α-hydroxy and α-alkoxy groups for further construction of unsaturated penta-coordination environments. Moreover, deprotonated glycolates act as bridging ligands to form tetra- and hexadecanuclear compounds 3 and 4, respectively. The smallest unit in 4 exhibits mixed valences of 4+ and 5+ simultaneously, where its gas adsorption experiments manifest that 4 is obviously beneficial for O2 and CO2 compared with no adsorption of N2, CH4 and H2 at different pressures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Yan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Lan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Dong-Li An
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Zhao-Hui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sobotka O, Ticha M, Kubickova M, Adamek P, Polakova L, Mezera V, Sobotka L. Should Carbohydrate Intake Be More Liberal during Oral and Enteral Nutrition in Type 2 Diabetic Patients? Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020439. [PMID: 36678311 PMCID: PMC9863670 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate (CHO) intake in oral and enteral nutrition is regularly reduced in nutritional support of older patients due to the high prevalence of diabetes (usually type 2-T2DM) in this age group. However, CHO shortage can lead to the lack of building blocks necessary for tissue regeneration and other anabolic processes. Moreover, low CHO intake decreases CHO oxidation and can increase insulin resistance. The aim of our current study was to determine the extent to which an increased intake of a rapidly digestible carbohydrate-maltodextrin-affects blood glucose levels monitored continuously for one week in patients with and without T2DM. Twenty-one patients (14 T2DM and seven without diabetes) were studied for two weeks. During the first week, patients with T2DM received standard diabetic nutrition (250 g CHO per day) and patients without diabetes received a standard diet (350 g of CHO per day). During the second week, the daily CHO intake was increased to 400 in T2DM and 500 g in nondiabetic patients by addition of 150 g maltodextrin divided into three equal doses of 50 g and given immediately after the main meal. Plasma glucose level was monitored continually with the help of a subcutaneous sensor during both weeks. The increased CHO intake led to transient postprandial increase of glucose levels in T2DM patients. This rise was more manifest during the first three days of CHO intake, and then the postprandial peak hyperglycemia was blunted. During the night's fasting period, the glucose levels were not influenced by maltodextrin. Supplementation of additional CHO did not influence the percentual range of high glucose level and decreased a risk of hypoglycaemia. No change in T2DM treatment was indicated. The results confirm our assumption that increased CHO intake as an alternative to CHO restriction in type 2 diabetic patients during oral and enteral nutritional support is safe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Sobotka
- 3rd Department of Medicine, Metabolic Care and Gerontology, Medical Faculty, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Ticha
- 3rd Department of Medicine, Metabolic Care and Gerontology, Medical Faculty, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Kubickova
- 3rd Department of Medicine, Metabolic Care and Gerontology, Medical Faculty, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Adamek
- Levit’s Aftercare Centre, 50801 Horice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Vojtech Mezera
- 3rd Department of Medicine, Metabolic Care and Gerontology, Medical Faculty, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Geriatric Center, Pardubice Hospital, 53203 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Lubos Sobotka
- 3rd Department of Medicine, Metabolic Care and Gerontology, Medical Faculty, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sevrin T, Strasser L, Ternet C, Junk P, Caffarini M, Prins S, D’Arcy C, Catozzi S, Oliviero G, Wynne K, Kiel C, Luthert PJ. Whole-cell energy modeling reveals quantitative changes of predicted energy flows in RAS mutant cancer cell lines. iScience 2023; 26:105931. [PMID: 36711246 PMCID: PMC9874014 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.105931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular utilization of available energy flows to drive a multitude of forms of cellular "work" is a major biological constraint. Cells steer metabolism to address changing phenotypic states but little is known as to how bioenergetics couples to the richness of processes in a cell as a whole. Here, we outline a whole-cell energy framework that is informed by proteomic analysis and an energetics-based gene ontology. We separate analysis of metabolic supply and the capacity to generate high-energy phosphates from a representation of demand that is built on the relative abundance of ATPases and GTPases that deliver cellular work. We employed mouse embryonic fibroblast cell lines that express wild-type KRAS or oncogenic mutations and with distinct phenotypes. We observe shifts between energy-requiring processes. Calibrating against Seahorse analysis, we have created a whole-cell energy budget with apparent predictive power, for instance in relation to protein synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sevrin
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lisa Strasser
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Camille Ternet
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Philipp Junk
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Miriam Caffarini
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Stella Prins
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Cian D’Arcy
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Simona Catozzi
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Giorgio Oliviero
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Kieran Wynne
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Christina Kiel
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Corresponding author
| | - Philip J. Luthert
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
McCall CE, Zhu X, Zabalawi M, Long D, Quinn MA, Yoza BK, Stacpoole PW, Vachharajani V. Sepsis, pyruvate, and mitochondria energy supply chain shortage. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1509-1514. [PMID: 35866365 PMCID: PMC9796618 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0322-692rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Balancing high energy-consuming danger resistance and low energy supply of disease tolerance is a universal survival principle that often fails during sepsis. Our research supports the concept that sepsis phosphorylates and deactivates mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex control over the tricarboxylic cycle and the electron transport chain. StimulatIng mitochondrial energetics in septic mice and human sepsis cell models can be achieved by inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases with the pyruvate structural analog dichloroacetate. Stimulating the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by dichloroacetate reverses a disruption in the tricarboxylic cycle that induces itaconate, a key mediator of the disease tolerance pathway. Dichloroacetate treatment increases mitochondrial respiration and ATP synthesis, decreases oxidant stress, overcomes metabolic paralysis, regenerates tissue, organ, and innate and adaptive immune cells, and doubles the survival rate in a murine model of sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. McCall
- Department of MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston SalemNCUSA
| | - Xuewei Zhu
- Department of MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston SalemNCUSA
| | - Manal Zabalawi
- Department of MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston SalemNCUSA
| | - David Long
- Department of MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston SalemNCUSA
| | - Matthew A. Quinn
- Department of Pathology – Comparative MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston SalemNCUSA
| | - Barbara K. Yoza
- Department of SurgeryWake Forest School of MedicineWinston SalemNCUSA
| | - Peter W. Stacpoole
- Department of Medicine and BiochemistryUniversity of Florida Medical SchoolGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Department of Critical Care MedicineCleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of CWRUClevelandOhioUSA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang C, Quinones A, Le A. Metabolic reservoir cycles in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:180-188. [PMID: 35390455 PMCID: PMC9530070 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells possess various biological processes to ensure survival and proliferation even under unfavorable conditions such as hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, and oxidative stress. One of the defining hallmarks of cancer cells is their ability to reprogram their metabolism to suit their needs. Building on over a decade of research in the field of cancer metabolism, numerous unique metabolic capabilities are still being discovered in the present day. One recent discovery in the field of cancer metabolism that was hitherto unexpected is the ability of cancer cells to store vital metabolites in forms that can be readily converted to glucose and glutamine for later use. We called these forms "metabolic reservoirs." While many studies have been conducted on storage molecules such as glycogen, triglyceride, and phosphocreatine (PCr), few have explored the concept of "metabolic reservoirs" for cancer as a whole. In this review, we will provide an overview of this concept, the previously known reservoirs including glycogen, triglyceride, and PCr, and the new discoveries made including the newly discovered reservoirs such as N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG), lactate, and γ- aminobutyric acid (GABA). We will also discuss whether disrupting these reservoir cycles may be a new avenue for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cissy Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Anne Le
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ceperuelo-Mallafré V, Reverté L, Peraire J, Madeira A, Maymó-Masip E, López-Dupla M, Gutierrez-Valencia A, Ruiz-Mateos E, Buzón MJ, Jorba R, Vendrell J, Auguet T, Olona M, Vidal F, Rull A, Fernández-Veledo S. Circulating pyruvate is a potent prognostic marker for critical COVID-19 outcomes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:912579. [PMID: 36189213 PMCID: PMC9515795 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.912579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) disease is driven by an unchecked immune response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus which alters host mitochondrial-associated mechanisms. Compromised mitochondrial health results in abnormal reprogramming of glucose metabolism, which can disrupt extracellular signalling. We hypothesized that examining mitochondrial energy-related signalling metabolites implicated in host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection would provide potential biomarkers for predicting the risk of severe COVID-19 illness. Methods We used a semi-targeted serum metabolomics approach in 273 patients with different severity grades of COVID-19 recruited at the acute phase of the infection to determine the relative abundance of tricarboxylic acid (Krebs) cycle-related metabolites with known extracellular signaling properties (pyruvate, lactate, succinate and α-ketoglutarate). Abundance levels of energy-related metabolites were evaluated in a validation cohort (n=398) using quantitative fluorimetric assays. Results Increased levels of four energy-related metabolites (pyruvate, lactate, a-ketoglutarate and succinate) were found in critically ill COVID-19 patients using semi-targeted and targeted approaches (p<0.05). The combined strategy proposed herein enabled us to establish that circulating pyruvate levels (p<0.001) together with body mass index (p=0.025), C-reactive protein (p=0.039), D-Dimer (p<0.001) and creatinine (p=0.043) levels, are independent predictors of critical COVID-19. Furthermore, classification and regression tree (CART) analysis provided a cut-off value of pyruvate in serum (24.54 µM; p<0.001) as an early criterion to accurately classify patients with critical outcomes. Conclusion Our findings support the link between COVID-19 pathogenesis and immunometabolic dysregulation, and show that fluorometric quantification of circulating pyruvate is a cost-effective clinical decision support tool to improve patient stratification and prognosis prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victòria Ceperuelo-Mallafré
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metaboílicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laia Reverté
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquim Peraire
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ana Madeira
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metaboílicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elsa Maymó-Masip
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metaboílicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel López-Dupla
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alicia Gutierrez-Valencia
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Ezequiel Ruiz-Mateos
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Maria José Buzón
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, (VHIR) Task Force COVID-19, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Jorba
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metaboílicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Teresa Auguet
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Olona
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francesc Vidal
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Rull
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metaboílicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Plummer MP, Hermanides J, Deane AM. Is it time to personalise glucose targets during critical illness? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2022; 25:364-369. [PMID: 35787592 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dysglycaemia complicates most critical care admissions and is associated with harm, yet glucose targets, particularly in those with preexisting diabetes, remain controversial. This review will summarise advances in the literature regarding personalised glucose targets in the critically ill. RECENT FINDINGS Observational data suggest that the degree of chronic hyperglycaemia in critically ill patients with diabetes attenuates the relationship between mortality and several metrics of dysglycaemia, including blood glucose on admission, and mean blood glucose, glycaemic variability and hypoglycaemia in the intensive care unit. The interaction between acute and chronic hyperglycaemia has recently been quantified with novel metrics of relative glycaemia including the glycaemic gap and stress hyperglycaemia ratio. Small pilot studies provided preliminary data that higher blood glucose thresholds in critically ill patients with chronic hyperglycaemia may reduce complications of intravenous insulin therapy as assessed with biomakers. Although personalising glycaemic targets based on preexisting metabolic state is an appealing concept, the recently published CONTROLLING trial did not identify a mortality benefit with individualised glucose targets, and the effect of personalised glucose targets on patient-centred outcomes remains unknown. SUMMARY There is inadequate data to support adoption of personalised glucose targets into care of critically ill patients. However, there is a strong rationale empowering future trials utilising such an approach for patients with chronic hyperglycaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Plummer
- Department of Intensive Care, Royal Adelaide Hospital
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide
- Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jeroen Hermanides
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adam M Deane
- Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Metabolic Action of Metformin. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070810. [PMID: 35890109 PMCID: PMC9317619 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin, a cheap and safe biguanide derivative, due to its ability to influence metabolism, is widely used as a first-line drug for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) treatment. Therefore, the aim of this review was to present the updated biochemical and molecular effects exerted by the drug. It has been well explored that metformin suppresses hepatic glucose production in both AMPK-independent and AMPK-dependent manners. Substantial scientific evidence also revealed that its action is related to decreased secretion of lipids from intestinal epithelial cells, as well as strengthened oxidation of fatty acids in adipose tissue and muscles. It was recognized that metformin’s supra-therapeutic doses suppress mitochondrial respiration in intestinal epithelial cells, whereas its therapeutic doses elevate cellular respiration in the liver. The drug is also suggested to improve systemic insulin sensitivity as a result of alteration in gut microbiota composition, maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity, and alleviation of low-grade inflammation.
Collapse
|
21
|
Genetic and Physiological Characterization of Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase and Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in the Crabtree-Negative Yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020772. [PMID: 35054955 PMCID: PMC8776025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The milk yeast Kluyveromyces lactis degrades glucose through glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway and follows a mainly respiratory metabolism. Here, we investigated the role of two reactions which are required for the final steps of glucose degradation from both pathways, as well as for gluconeogenesis, namely fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). In silico analyses identified one gene encoding the former (KlFBA1), and three genes encoding isoforms of the latter (KlTDH1, KlTDH2, KlGDP1). Phenotypic analyses were performed by deleting the genes from the haploid K. lactis genome. While Klfba1 deletions lacked detectable FBA activity, they still grew poorly on glucose. To investigate the in vivo importance of the GAPDH isoforms, different mutant combinations were analyzed for their growth behavior and enzymatic activity. KlTdh2 represented the major glycolytic GAPDH isoform, as its lack caused a slower growth on glucose. Cells lacking both KlTdh1 and KlTdh2 failed to grow on glucose but were still able to use ethanol as sole carbon sources, indicating that KlGdp1 is sufficient to promote gluconeogenesis. Life-cell fluorescence microscopy revealed that KlTdh2 accumulated in the nucleus upon exposure to oxidative stress, suggesting a moonlighting function of this isoform in the regulation of gene expression. Heterologous complementation of the Klfba1 deletion by the human ALDOA gene renders K. lactis a promising host for heterologous expression of human disease alleles and/or a screening system for specific drugs.
Collapse
|
22
|
Dong M, Yi Q, Shen D, Yan J, Jiang H, Xie J, Zhao L, Gao H. A combined metabolomics and molecular biology approach to reveal hepatic injury and underlying mechanisms after chronic l-lactate exposure in mice. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:3935-3945. [PMID: 35950184 PMCID: PMC9352416 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Minjian Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingqing Yi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danjie Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiapin Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haowei Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangcai Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
- Corresponding authors at: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Hongchang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Corresponding authors at: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Murray J, Ehsani A, Najjar L, Zhang G, Itakura K. Muscle-specific deletion of Arid5b causes metabolic changes in skeletal muscle that affect adipose tissue and liver. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1083311. [PMID: 36743919 PMCID: PMC9891308 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1083311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that AT-Rich Interaction Domain 5b (Arid5b) may play a role in energy metabolism in various tissues. To study the metabolic function of Arid5b in skeletal muscle, we generated skeletal muscle-specific Arid5b knockout (Arid5b MKO) mice. We found that Arid5b MKO skeletal muscles preferentially utilized fatty acids for energy generation with a corresponding increase in FABP4 expression. Interestingly, in Arid5b MKO mice, the adipose tissue weight decreased significantly. One possible mechanism for the decrease in adipose tissue weight could be the increase in phospho-HSL and HSL expression in white adipose tissue. While glucose uptake increased in an insulin-independent manner in Arid5b MKO skeletal muscle, glucose oxidation was reduced in conjunction with downregulation of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC). We found that glucose was diverted into the pentose phosphate pathway as well as converted into lactate through glycolysis for export to the bloodstream, fueling the Cori cycle. Our data show that muscle-specific deletion of Arid5b leads to changes in fuel utilization in skeletal muscle that influences metabolism in other tissues. These results suggest that Arid5b regulates systemic metabolism by modulating fuel selection.
Collapse
|
24
|
Manoj KM, Nirusimhan V, Parashar A, Edward J, Gideon DA. Murburn precepts for lactic-acidosis, Cori cycle, and Warburg effect: Interactive dynamics of dehydrogenases, protons, and oxygen. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1902-1922. [PMID: 34927737 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It is unresolved why lactate is transported to the liver for further utilization within the physiological purview of Cori cycle, when muscles have more lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) than liver. We point out that the answer lies in thermodynamics/equilibriums. While the utilization of NADH for the reduction of pyruvate to lactate can be mediated via the classical mechanism, the oxidation of lactate (with/without the uphill reduction of NAD+ ) necessitates alternative physiological approaches. The latter pathway occurs via interactive equilibriums involving the enzyme, protons and oxygen or diffusible reactive oxygen species (DROS). Since liver has high DROS, the murburn activity at LDH would enable the cellular system to tide over the unfavorable energy barriers of the forward reaction (~476 kJ/mol; earlier miscalculated as ~26 kJ/mole). Further, the new mechanism does not necessitate any "smart decision-making" or sophisticated control by/of proteins. The DROS-based murburn theory explains the invariant active-site structure of LDH isozymes and their multimeric nature. The theoretical insights, in silico evidence and analyses of literature herein also enrich our understanding of the underpinnings of "lactic acidosis" (lowering of physiological pH accompanied by lactate production), Warburg effect (increased lactate production at high pO2 by cancer cells) and approach for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelath Murali Manoj
- Department of Biochemistry, Satyamjayatu: The Science & Ethics Foundation, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Vijay Nirusimhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Satyamjayatu: The Science & Ethics Foundation, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Abhinav Parashar
- Department of Biochemistry, Satyamjayatu: The Science & Ethics Foundation, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Jesucastin Edward
- Department of Biochemistry, Satyamjayatu: The Science & Ethics Foundation, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Daniel Andrew Gideon
- Department of Biochemistry, Satyamjayatu: The Science & Ethics Foundation, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sobotka L, Sobotka O. The predominant role of glucose as a building block and precursor of reducing equivalents. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2021; 24:555-562. [PMID: 34456247 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Stores of glucose (Glc) in our body are small compared with protein and lipid. Therefore, at times of famines or trauma/disease-related starvation, glucose utilization must be limited only to pathways that can only run with glucose carbon as substrate. We will try to outline how insulin resistance drives these pathways and inhibits glucose oxidation in the stressed organism. RECENT FINDINGS Glc is a basic substrate for a variety of other biomolecules like nucleic acids, amino acids, proteoglycans, mucopolysaccharides and lipids. It is essential for the formation of reducing equivalents, indispensable for anabolic, antioxidative, regulatory and immune processes. As a result, a continuous Glc turnover/cycle is essential to secure at all times the Glc requirements for nonoxidative pathways mentioned above but then requires introduction of extra glucose or other intermediates into the cycle. The production of ATP through complete Glc oxidation occurs only when Glc intake is higher than required for its nonoxidative metabolism. Insulin resistance and decreased Glc oxidation indicate that requirements of Glc for anabolic pathways are high. SUMMARY Glc is an important building block for anabolic reactions and substrate for reducing equivalents formation. Insulin resistance prevents irreversible Glc oxidation and stimulates Glc production during stress or growth. Glc is only oxidized when intake is in excess of its anabolic requirements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lubos Sobotka
- 3rd Department of Medicine, Gerontology and Metabolism, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ohlendieck K, Swandulla D. Complexity of skeletal muscle degeneration: multi-systems pathophysiology and organ crosstalk in dystrophinopathy. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1813-1839. [PMID: 34553265 PMCID: PMC8599371 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02623-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a highly progressive muscle wasting disorder due to primary abnormalities in one of the largest genes in the human genome, the DMD gene, which encodes various tissue-specific isoforms of the protein dystrophin. Although dystrophinopathies are classified as primary neuromuscular disorders, the body-wide abnormalities that are associated with this disorder and the occurrence of organ crosstalk suggest that a multi-systems pathophysiological view should be taken for a better overall understanding of the complex aetiology of X-linked muscular dystrophy. This article reviews the molecular and cellular effects of deficiency in dystrophin isoforms in relation to voluntary striated muscles, the cardio-respiratory system, the kidney, the liver, the gastrointestinal tract, the nervous system and the immune system. Based on the establishment of comprehensive biomarker signatures of X-linked muscular dystrophy using large-scale screening of both patient specimens and genetic animal models, this article also discusses the potential usefulness of novel disease markers for more inclusive approaches to differential diagnosis, prognosis and therapy monitoring that also take into account multi-systems aspects of dystrophinopathy. Current therapeutic approaches to combat muscular dystrophy are summarised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Co. Kildare, Maynooth, W23F2H6, Ireland.
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Co. Kildare, Maynooth, W23F2H6, Ireland.
| | - Dieter Swandulla
- Institute of Physiology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hirsch KR, Wolfe RR, Ferrando AA. Pre- and Post-Surgical Nutrition for Preservation of Muscle Mass, Strength, and Functionality Following Orthopedic Surgery. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051675. [PMID: 34063333 PMCID: PMC8156786 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional status is a strong predictor of postoperative outcomes and is recognized as an important component of surgical recovery programs. Adequate nutritional consumption is essential for addressing the surgical stress response and mitigating the loss of muscle mass, strength, and functionality. Especially in older patients, inadequate protein can lead to significant muscle atrophy, leading to a loss of independence and increased mortality risk. Current nutritional recommendations for surgery primarily focus on screening and prevention of malnutrition, pre-surgical fasting protocols, and combating post-surgical insulin resistance, while recommendations regarding macronutrient composition and timing around surgery are less established. The goal of this review is to highlight oral nutrition strategies that can be implemented leading up to and following major surgery to minimize atrophy and the resultant loss of functionality. The role of carbohydrate and especially protein/essential amino acids in combating the surgical stress cascade and supporting recovery are discussed. Practical considerations for nutrient timing to maximize oral nutritional intake, especially during the immediate pre- and post- surgical periods, are also be discussed.
Collapse
|
28
|
Niiranen L, Mäkelä KA, Dona A, Krumsiek J, Karhu T, Mäkinen MJ, Thalmann O, Saarela S, Herzig KH. Seasonal Regulation of Metabolism: The Effect of Wintertime Fasting and Autumnal Fattening on Key Central Regulators of Metabolism and the Metabolic Profile of the Raccoon Dog ( Nyctereutes Procyonoides). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094965. [PMID: 34067001 PMCID: PMC8125260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigations into the mechanisms regulating obesity are frantic and novel translational approaches are needed. The raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) is a canid species representing a promising model to study metabolic regulation in a species undergoing cycles of seasonal obesity and fasting. To understand the molecular mechanisms of metabolic regulation in seasonal adaptation, we analyzed key central nervous system and peripheral signals regulating food intake and metabolism from raccoon dogs after autumnal fattening and winter fasting. Expressions of neuropeptide Y (NPY), orexin-2 receptor (OX2R), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and leptin receptor (ObRb) were analyzed as examples of orexigenic and anorexigenic signals using qRT-PCR from raccoon dog hypothalamus samples. Plasma metabolic profiles were measured with 1H NMR-spectroscopy and LC-MS. Circulating hormones and cytokines were determined with canine specific antibody assays. Surprisingly, NPY and POMC were not affected by the winter fasting nor autumn fattening and the metabolic profiles showed a remarkable equilibrium, indicating conserved homeostasis. However, OX2R and ObRb expression changes suggested seasonal regulation. Circulating cytokine levels were not increased, demonstrating that the autumn fattening did not induce subacute inflammation. Thus, the raccoon dog developed seasonal regulatory mechanisms to accommodate the autumnal fattening and prolonged fasting making the species unique in coping with the extreme environmental challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Niiranen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland; (L.N.); (K.A.M.); (T.K.); (O.T.)
| | - Kari A. Mäkelä
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland; (L.N.); (K.A.M.); (T.K.); (O.T.)
| | - Anthony Dona
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia;
| | - Jan Krumsiek
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Toni Karhu
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland; (L.N.); (K.A.M.); (T.K.); (O.T.)
| | - Markus J. Mäkinen
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland;
- Medical Research Center Oulu, P.O Box 8000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Olaf Thalmann
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland; (L.N.); (K.A.M.); (T.K.); (O.T.)
- Institute of Pediatrics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznań, Poland
| | - Seppo Saarela
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland;
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland; (L.N.); (K.A.M.); (T.K.); (O.T.)
- Institute of Pediatrics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-29-448-5280
| |
Collapse
|