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Guo S, Xing S, Wu Z, Chen F, Pan X, Li Q, Liu W, Zhang G. Leucine restriction ameliorates Fusobacteriumnucleatum-driven malignant progression and radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cell Rep Med 2024:101753. [PMID: 39357525 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Radiotherapy resistance is the main cause of treatment failure among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Recently, increasing evidence has linked the presence of intratumoral Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) with the malignant progression and therapeutic resistance of multiple tumor types, but its influence on NPC has remained largely unknown. We found that Fn is prevalent in the tumor tissue of patients with NPC and is associated with radioresistance. Fn invaded and proliferated inside NPC cells and aggravated tumor progression. Mechanistically, Fn slowed mitochondrial dysfunction by promoting mitochondrial fusion and decreasing ROS generation, preventing radiation-induced oxidative damage. Fn inhibited PANoptosis by the SLC7A5/leucine-mTORC1 axis during irradiation stress, thus promoting radioresistance. Treatment with the mitochondria-targeted antibiotics or dietary restriction of leucine reduced intratumoral Fn load, resensitizing tumors to radiotherapy in vivo. These findings demonstrate that Fn has the potential to be a predictive marker for radioresistance and to help guide individualized treatment for patients with NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhe Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Shan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - ZhenYu Wu
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Pan
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Qifan Li
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Wanli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China.
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China.
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Thomas L, Schwarze M, Rabus H. Radial dependence of ionization clustering around a gold nanoparticle irradiated by X-rays under charged particle equilibrium. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:185014. [PMID: 39134027 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad6e4f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Objective.This work explores the enhancement of ionization clustering and its radial dependence around a gold nanoparticle (NP), indicative of the induction of DNA lesions, a potential trigger for cell-death.Approach.Monte Carlo track structure simulations were performed to determine (a) the spectral fluence of incident photons and electrons in water around a gold NP under charged particle equilibrium conditions and (b) the density of ionization clusters produced on average as well as conditional on the occurrence of at least one interaction in the NP using Associated Volume Clustering. Absorbed dose was determined for comparison with a recent benchmark intercomparison. Reported quantities are normalized to primary fluence, allowing to establish a connection to macroscopic dosimetric quantities.Main results.The modification of the electron spectral fluence by the gold NP is minor and mainly occurs at low energies. The net fluence of electrons emitted from the NP is dominated by electrons resulting from photon interactions. Similar to the known dose enhancement, increased ionization clustering is limited to a distance from the NP surface of up to200nm. The number of clusters per energy imparted is increased at distances of up to150nm, and accordingly the enhancement in clustering notably surpasses that of dose enhancement. Smaller NPs cause noticeable peaks in the conditional frequency of clusters between50nm-100nmfrom the NP surface.Significance.This work shows that low energy electrons emitted by NPs lead to an increase of ionization clustering in their vicinity exceeding that of energy imparted. While the electron component of the radiation field plays an important role in determining the background contribution to ionization clustering and energy imparted, the dosimetric effects of NPs are governed by the interplay of secondary electron production by photon interaction and their ability to leave the NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Thomas
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Miriam Schwarze
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Rabus
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
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Huang M, Long X, Xu S, Zhan X, Gong G, Gao W, Li M, Yao M, Liu Q, Wu M, Zhao W, Long W. Single-Nucleus RNA-Sequencing Reveals a MET+ Oligodendrocyte Subpopulation That Promotes Proliferation of Radiation-Induced Gliomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024:S0360-3016(24)03330-3. [PMID: 39265740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation-induced gliomas (RIGs) are fatal late complications of radiation therapy, with a median survival time of 6 to 11 months. RIGs demonstrate a unique molecular landscape and may originate from a glial lineage distinct from that of primary malignancies or diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs). This study aimed to explore the intratumoral diversity within RIGs to uncover their cellular origin and characteristics and enhance our understanding of this uncommon tumor type. METHODS AND MATERIALS Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples were collected from 2 RIGs and 2 DMGs for single-nucleus RNA sequencing. A detailed analysis was conducted to assess intratumoral heterogeneity and cellular interactions, including gene set enrichment, pseudotime trajectory, and cell communication analyses. Immunofluorescence staining, proliferation assay, and RNA-seq analysis were also applied to validate our findings. RESULTS Our analysis revealed distinct heterogeneity in oligodendrocytes (ODs) between the DMG and RIG samples. A unique subpopulation of ODs in RIGs, which was characterized by gene encoding mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET), and therefore termed MET+ ODs, exhibited characteristics typical of cancer cells, such as increased mitotic activity, cancer-related gene expression, and extensive copy number variations. Cell communication studies indicated that MET+ ODs interact vigorously with G1/S and G2/M cycling cells via the neural cell adhesion molecule signaling pathway, potentially enhancing the proliferation of cycling malignant cells. Integrating our results with existing RNA-seq data further supported our hypothesis. The presence of MET+ ODs in RIGs was confirmed by immunostaining, and activation of the neural cell adhesion molecule signaling pathway in vitro significantly promoted the proliferation of RIG tumor cells. Moreover, in vitro radiation induced the transformation of ODs to be more similar to MET+ ODs. CONCLUSIONS RIGs are characterized by an OD composition distinct from that of DMGs. A specific subpopulation of MET+ ODs in RIGs may be crucial in tumorigenesis and promote the growth of malignant cells. Identifying MET+ ODs offers a valuable target for future clinical surveillance and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinmiao Long
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China; FuRong Laboratory, Changsha, China
| | - Shao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiudan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gu Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China; FuRong Laboratory, Changsha, China
| | - Mingrui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minghua Wu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China; FuRong Laboratory, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyong Long
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Barone TA, Robinson DL, Qiu J, Gurova KV, Purmal AA, Gudkov AV, Plunkett RJ. FACT inhibitor CBL0137, administered in an optimized schedule, potentiates radiation therapy for glioblastoma by suppressing DNA damage repair. J Neurooncol 2024:10.1007/s11060-024-04819-8. [PMID: 39251545 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04819-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Standard-of-care for glioblastoma remains surgical debulking followed by temozolomide and radiation. However, many tumors become radio-resistant while radiation damages surrounding brain tissue. Novel therapies are needed to increase the effectiveness of radiation and reduce the required radiation dose. Drug candidate CBL0137 is efficacious against glioblastoma by inhibiting histone chaperone FACT, known to be involved in DNA damage repair. We investigated the combination of CBL0137 and radiation on glioblastoma. METHODS In vitro, we combined CBL0137 with radiation on U87MG and A1207 glioblastoma cells using the clonogenic assay to evaluate the response to several treatment regimens, and the Fast Halo Assay to examine DNA repair. In vivo, we used the optimum combination treatment regimen to evaluate the response of orthotopic tumors in nude mice. RESULTS In vitro, the combination of CBL0137 and radiation is superior to either alone and administering CBL0137 two hours prior to radiation, having the drug present during and for a prolonged period post-radiation, is an optimal schedule. CBL0137 inhibits DNA damage repair following radiation and affects the subcellular distribution of histone chaperone ATRX, a molecule involved in DNA repair. In vivo, one dose of CBL0137 is efficacious and the combination of CBL0137 with radiation increases median survival over either monotherapy. CONCLUSIONS CBL0137 is most effective with radiation for glioblastoma when present at the time of radiation, immediately after and for a prolonged period post-radiation, by inhibiting DNA repair caused by radiation. The combination leads to increased survival making it attractive as a dual therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara A Barone
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
| | - Denisha L Robinson
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jingxin Qiu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Katerina V Gurova
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Andrei V Gudkov
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Plunkett
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
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Barone TA, Robinson DL, Qiu J, Gurova KV, Purmal AA, Gudkov AV, Plunkett RJ. FACT inhibitor CBL0137, administered in an optimized schedule, potentiates radiation therapy for glioblastoma by suppressing DNA damage repair. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4830689. [PMID: 39315270 PMCID: PMC11419263 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4830689/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Standard-of-care for glioblastoma remains surgical debulking followed by temozolomide and radiation. However, many tumors become radio-resistant while radiation damages surrounding brain tissue. Novel therapies are needed to increase the effectiveness of radiation and reduce the required radiation dose. Drug candidate CBL0137 is efficacious against glioblastoma by inhibiting histone chaperone FACT, known to be involved in DNA damage repair. We investigated the combination of CBL0137 and radiation on glioblastoma. Methods In vitro, we combined CBL0137 with radiation on U87MG and A1207 glioblastoma cells using the clonogenic assay to evaluate the response to several treatment regimens, and the Fast Halo Assay to examine DNA repair. In vivo, we used the optimum combination treatment regimen to evaluate the response of orthotopic tumors in nude mice. Results In vitro, the combination of CBL0137 and radiation is superior to either alone and administering CBL0137 two hours prior to radiation, having the drug present during and for a prolonged period post-radiation, is an optimal schedule. CBL0137 inhibits DNA damage repair following radiation and affects the subcellular distribution of histone chaperone ATRX, a molecule involved in DNA repair. In vivo, one dose of CBL0137 is efficacious and the combination of CBL0137 with radiation increases median survival over either monotherapy. Conclusions CBL0137 is most effective with radiation for glioblastoma when present at the time of radiation, immediately after and for a prolonged period post-radiation, by inhibiting DNA repair caused by radiation. The combination leads to increased survival making it attractive as a dual therapy.
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Ioannou M, Lalwani K, Ayanlaja AA, Chinnasamy V, Pratilas CA, Schreck KC. MEK Inhibition Enhances the Antitumor Effect of Radiotherapy in NF1-Deficient Glioblastoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:1261-1272. [PMID: 38714355 PMCID: PMC11374499 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1, an autosomal dominant neurogenetic and tumor predisposition syndrome, are susceptible to developing low-grade glioma and less commonly high-grade glioma. These gliomas exhibit loss of the neurofibromin gene [neurofibromin type 1 (NF1)], and 10% to 15% of sporadic high-grade gliomas have somatic NF1 alterations. Loss of NF1 leads to hyperactive RAS signaling, creating opportunity given the established efficacy of MEK inhibitors in plexiform neurofibromas and some individuals with low-grade glioma. We observed that NF1-deficient glioblastoma neurospheres were sensitive to the combination of an MEK inhibitor (mirdametinib) with irradiation, as evidenced by synergistic inhibition of cell growth, colony formation, and increased cell death. In contrast, NF1-intact neurospheres were not sensitive to the combination, despite complete ERK pathway inhibition. No neurosphere lines exhibited enhanced sensitivity to temozolomide combined with mirdametinib. Mirdametinib decreased transcription of homologous recombination genes and RAD51 foci, associated with DNA damage repair, in sensitive models. Heterotopic xenograft models displayed synergistic growth inhibition to mirdametinib combined with irradiation in NF1-deficient glioma xenografts but not in those with intact NF1. In sensitive models, benefits were observed at least 3 weeks beyond the completion of treatment, including sustained phosphor-ERK inhibition on immunoblot and decreased Ki-67 expression. These observations demonstrate synergistic activity between mirdametinib and irradiation in NF1-deficient glioma models and may have clinical implications for patients with gliomas that harbor germline or somatic NF1 alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ioannou
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kriti Lalwani
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Abiola A Ayanlaja
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Viveka Chinnasamy
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christine A Pratilas
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Karisa C Schreck
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Gardner LL, Thompson SJ, O'Connor JD, McMahon SJ. Modelling radiobiology. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:18TR01. [PMID: 39159658 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad70f0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Radiotherapy has played an essential role in cancer treatment for over a century, and remains one of the best-studied methods of cancer treatment. Because of its close links with the physical sciences, it has been the subject of extensive quantitative mathematical modelling, but a complete understanding of the mechanisms of radiotherapy has remained elusive. In part this is because of the complexity and range of scales involved in radiotherapy-from physical radiation interactions occurring over nanometres to evolution of patient responses over months and years. This review presents the current status and ongoing research in modelling radiotherapy responses across these scales, including basic physical mechanisms of DNA damage, the immediate biological responses this triggers, and genetic- and patient-level determinants of response. Finally, some of the major challenges in this field and potential avenues for future improvements are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia L Gardner
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, United Kingdom
| | - Shannon J Thompson
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, United Kingdom
| | - John D O'Connor
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, United Kingdom
- Ulster University School of Engineering, York Street, Belfast BT15 1AP, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J McMahon
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, United Kingdom
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Moloudi K, Azariasl S, Abrahamse H, George BP, Yasuda H. Expected role of photodynamic therapy to relieve skin damage in nuclear or radiological emergency: Review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 110:104517. [PMID: 39032581 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear and radiological accidents can occur due to poor management, in transportation, radiation therapy and nuclear wards in hospitals, leading to extreme radiation exposure and serious consequences for human health. Additionally, in many of previous radiological accidents, skin damage was observed in patients and survivors due to the high radiation exposure. However, as part of a medical countermeasures in a nuclear/radiological emergency, it is critical to plan for the treatment of radiation-induced skin damage. Hence, the new, non-invasive technology of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is projected to be more effectively used for treating skin damage caused by high-dose radiation. PDT plays an important role in treating, repairing skin damage and promoting wound healing as evidenced by research. This review, highlighted and recommended potential impacts of PDT to repair and decrease radiation-induced skin tissue damage. Moreover, we have suggested some photosensitizer (PS) agent as radio-mitigator drugs to decrease radiobiological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kave Moloudi
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Samayeh Azariasl
- Department of Radiation Biophysics, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Kasumi, Minami-ku 734-8553, Japan
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Blassan P George
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.
| | - Hiroshi Yasuda
- Department of Radiation Biophysics, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Kasumi, Minami-ku 734-8553, Japan
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Gharib E, Robichaud GA. From Crypts to Cancer: A Holistic Perspective on Colorectal Carcinogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9463. [PMID: 39273409 PMCID: PMC11395697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a significant global health burden, with high incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Recent progress in research highlights the distinct clinical and molecular characteristics of colon versus rectal cancers, underscoring tumor location's importance in treatment approaches. This article provides a comprehensive review of our current understanding of CRC epidemiology, risk factors, molecular pathogenesis, and management strategies. We also present the intricate cellular architecture of colonic crypts and their roles in intestinal homeostasis. Colorectal carcinogenesis multistep processes are also described, covering the conventional adenoma-carcinoma sequence, alternative serrated pathways, and the influential Vogelstein model, which proposes sequential APC, KRAS, and TP53 alterations as drivers. The consensus molecular CRC subtypes (CMS1-CMS4) are examined, shedding light on disease heterogeneity and personalized therapy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Gharib
- Département de Chimie et Biochimie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Gilles A Robichaud
- Département de Chimie et Biochimie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada
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Negoita RD, Ilisanu MA, Irimescu IN, Popescu RC, Tudor M, Mihailescu M, Scarlat EN, Pleava AM, Dinischiotu A, Savu D. Specific spectral sub-images for machine learning evaluation of optical differences between carbon ion and X ray radiation effects. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35249. [PMID: 39170121 PMCID: PMC11336423 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Advances in radiotherapy, particularly the exploration of alternative radiation types such as carbon ions have updated our understanding of its effects and applicability on chondrosarcoma cells. Here we compare the optical effects produced by carbon ions (CI) and X-rays (XR) radiations on chondrosarcoma cells nuclei and set an automated method for evaluating the radiation-induced alterations without the need of chemical marking. Hyperspectral images (HSI) of SW1353 chondrosarcoma line carry detectable optical changes of the cells irradiated either with CI or XR compared to non-irradiated ones (REF). The differences between the spectral profiles of CI, XR and REF nuclei classes led to partitioning the HSIs into spectral sub-images. The changes are detected by support vector machine (SVM) classifiers whose performances are evaluated by the most used point metrics: sensitivity (SEN), accuracy (ACC), and precision (PREC), applied on spatial feature values. Specific interaction mechanisms by radiation type reveal distinct subintervals where HSIs changes are more prominent, and the classifiers perform at best. For CI the best classifiers are obtained for sub-images in the interval (424-436 nm), while for XR the best classifiers are obtained for sub-images in the interval (436-445 nm). The classifiers work better with texture features than roughness features in both cases. The classifier with the best SEN point metric in the testing phase is the most suitable to measure the irradiation efficiency irrespective of the radiation type. The altered nuclei are easier to discriminate when irradiated with CI than with XR. The study proves that SVM with optical data offers a rapid, automated, and label-free method for evaluating radiation-induced alterations in chondrosarcoma nuclei, thereby enabling effective analysis of extensive data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca D. Negoita
- Applied Sciences Doctoral School, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, 060042, Romania
| | - Mihaela A. Ilisanu
- Doctoral School of Automatic Control and Computers, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, 060042, Romania
- Holographic Imaging and Processing Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, 060042, Romania
| | - Ionela N. Irimescu
- Applied Sciences Doctoral School, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, 060042, Romania
- Tehnoplus Medical SRL, 1 Odobesti str, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roxana C. Popescu
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Reactorului 30, P.O. Box MG-6, 077125 Magurele, Romania
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, G. Polizu Street, 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Tudor
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Reactorului 30, P.O. Box MG-6, 077125 Magurele, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mona Mihailescu
- Holographic Imaging and Processing Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, 060042, Romania
- Research Centre in Fundamental Sciences Applied in Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, 060042, Romania
| | - Eugen N. Scarlat
- Holographic Imaging and Processing Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, 060042, Romania
| | - Ana M. Pleava
- CAMPUS Research Centre, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, 060042, Romania
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Savu
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Reactorului 30, P.O. Box MG-6, 077125 Magurele, Romania
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Karwowski BT. The Influence of 2'-Deoxyguanosine Lesions on the Electronic Properties of OXOG:::C Base Pairs in Ds-DNA: A Comparative Analysis of Theoretical Studies. Molecules 2024; 29:3756. [PMID: 39202837 PMCID: PMC11357419 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA is continuously exposed to a variety of harmful factors, which, on the one hand, can force undesirable processes such as ageing, carcinogenesis and mutagenesis, while on the other hand, can accelerate evolutionary changes. Of all the canonical nucleosides, 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) exhibits the lowest ionization potential, making it particularly prone to the one-electron oxidizing process. The most abundant type of nucleobase damage is constituted by 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (OXOdG), with an oxidation potential that is 0.56 V lower than that of canonical dG. All this has led to OXOdG, as an isolated lesion, being perceived as a sink for radical cations in the genome. In this paper, a comparative analysis of the electronic properties of an OXOGC base pair within the context of a clustered DNA lesion (CDL) has been conducted. It is based on previous DFT studies that were carried out at the M06-2x/6-31++G** level of theory in non-equilibrated and equilibrated condensed phases. The results of the comparative analysis presented here reveal the following: (A) The ionization potentials of OXOG4C2 were largely unaffected by a second lesion. (B) The positive charge and spin were found predominantly on the OXOG4C2 moiety. (C) The electron-hole transfers A3T3→G4C2 and G4C2←A5T1 were found in the Marcus inverted region and were resistant to the presence of a second DNA lesion in close proximity. It can therefore be reasonably postulated that OXOGC becomes the sink for a radical cation migrating through the double helix, irrespective of the presence of other 2'-deoxyguanosine lesions in the CDL structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boleslaw T Karwowski
- DNA Damage Laboratory of Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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Nakao T, Takasu R, Tsuchida H, Saito M, Majima T. Delayed fragmentation of isolated nucleobases induced by MeV ions. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:054302. [PMID: 39087542 DOI: 10.1063/5.0215222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the dissociation of isolated gas-phase nucleobase molecules induced by mega electron volt (MeV)-energy ions to gain fundamental insights into the reactions of nucleobases upon fast ion irradiation. We studied five nucleobase molecules-adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil-as gas-phase targets. We compared the fragmentation patterns obtained from carbon ion impacts with those obtained from proton impacts to clarify the effect of heavy ion irradiation. We also compared the results with electron impact and photoionization results. In addition, we identified several delayed fragmentation pathways by analyzing the correlation between fragment pairs generated from singly and doubly charged intermediate ions. To determine the lifetimes of delayed fragmentation from singly charged intermediate ions, we evaluated the detection efficiencies of the microchannel plate detector for the neutral fragment HCN as a function of kinetic energy using a new methodology. As the first demonstration of this method, we estimated the lifetimes of C5H5N5+ generated by 1.2-MeV C+ and 0.5-MeV H+ collisions to be 0.87 ± 0.43 and 0.67 ± 0.09 µs, respectively. These lifetimes were approximately one order of magnitude longer than those of the doubly charged intermediate ion C5H5N52+.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nakao
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - R Takasu
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - H Tsuchida
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
- Quantum Science and Engineering Center, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - M Saito
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
- Quantum Science and Engineering Center, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - T Majima
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
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13
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Liu H, Wang Q, Lan W, Liu D, Huang J, Yao J. Radiosensitization effect of quinoline-indole-schiff base derivative 10E on non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro and in tumor xenografts. Invest New Drugs 2024; 42:405-417. [PMID: 38880855 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-024-01451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Radioresistance is an inevitable obstacle in the clinical treatment of inoperable patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Combining treatment with radiosensitizers may improve the efficacy of radiotherapy. Previously, the quinoline derivative 10E as new exporter of Nur77 has shown superior antitumor activity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we aimed to investigate the radiosensitizing activity and acting mechanisms of 10E. In vitro, A549 and H460 cells were treated with control, ionizing radiation (IR), 10E, and 10E + IR. Cell viability, apoptosis, and cycle were examined using CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays. Protein expression and localization were examined using western blotting and immunofluorescence. Tumor xenograft models were established to evaluate the radiosensitizing effect of 10E in vivo. 10E significantly inhibited cell proliferation and increased their radiosensitivity while reducing level of p-BCRA1, p-DNA-PKs, and 53BP1 involved in the DNA damage repair pathway, indicating that its radiosensitizing activity is closely associated with repressing DNA damage repair. A549 cells showed low level of Nur77 and a low response to IR but 10E-treated A549 cells showed high level of Nur77 indicating that Nur77 is a core radiosensitivity factor and 10E restores the expression of Nur77. Nur77 and Ku80 extranuclear co-localization in the 10E-treated A549 cells suggested that 10E-modulated Nur77 nuclear exportation inhibits DNA damage repair pathways and increases IR-triggered apoptosis. The combination of 10E and IR significantly inhibits tumor growth in a tumor xenograft model. Our findings suggest that 10E acts as a radiosensitizer and that combining 10E with radiotherapy may be a potential strategy for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Liu
- Centre for Translational Research in Cancer, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Wanying Lan
- Guixi Community Health Center of the Chengdu Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Duanya Liu
- Centre for Translational Research in Cancer, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Jiangang Huang
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Jie Yao
- Centre for Translational Research in Cancer, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China.
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14
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Li J, Lim JYS, Eu JQ, Chan AKMH, Goh BC, Wang L, Wong ALA. Reactive Oxygen Species Modulation in the Current Landscape of Anticancer Therapies. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 41:322-341. [PMID: 38445392 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Significance: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, and are tightly controlled through homeostatic mechanisms to maintain intracellular redox, regulating growth and proliferation in healthy cells. However, ROS production is perturbed in cancers where abnormal accumulation of ROS leads to oxidative stress and genomic instability, triggering oncogenic signaling pathways on one hand, while increasing oxidative damage and triggering ROS-dependent death signaling on the other. Recent Advances: Our review illuminates how critical interactions between ROS and oncogenic signaling, the tumor microenvironment, and DNA damage response (DDR) pathways have led to interest in ROS modulation as a means of enhancing existing anticancer strategies and developing new therapeutic opportunities. Critical Issues: ROS equilibrium exists via a delicate balance of pro-oxidant and antioxidant species within cells. "Antioxidant" approaches have been explored mainly in the form of chemoprevention, but there is insufficient evidence to advocate its routine application. More progress has been made via the "pro-oxidant" approach of targeting cancer vulnerabilities and inducing oxidative stress. Various therapeutic modalities have employed this approach, including direct ROS-inducing agents, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, DDR therapies, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Finally, emerging delivery systems such as "nanosensitizers" as radiotherapy enhancers are currently in development. Future Directions: While approaches designed to induce ROS have shown considerable promise in selectively targeting cancer cells and dealing with resistance to conventional therapies, most are still in early phases of development and challenges remain. Further research should endeavor to refine treatment strategies, optimize drug combinations, and identify predictive biomarkers of ROS-based cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jie Qing Eu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Boon Cher Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Li-Ann Wong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Toprani SM, Scheibler C, Mordukhovich I, McNeely E, Nagel ZD. Cosmic Ionizing Radiation: A DNA Damaging Agent That May Underly Excess Cancer in Flight Crews. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7670. [PMID: 39062911 PMCID: PMC11277465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the United States, the Federal Aviation Administration has officially classified flight crews (FC) consisting of commercial pilots, cabin crew, or flight attendants as "radiation workers" since 1994 due to the potential for cosmic ionizing radiation (CIR) exposure at cruising altitudes originating from solar activity and galactic sources. Several epidemiological studies have documented elevated incidence and mortality for several cancers in FC, but it has not yet been possible to establish whether this is attributable to CIR. CIR and its constituents are known to cause a myriad of DNA lesions, which can lead to carcinogenesis unless DNA repair mechanisms remove them. But critical knowledge gaps exist with regard to the dosimetry of CIR, the role of other genotoxic exposures among FC, and whether possible biological mechanisms underlying higher cancer rates observed in FC exist. This review summarizes our understanding of the role of DNA damage and repair responses relevant to exposure to CIR in FC. We aimed to stimulate new research directions and provide information that will be useful for guiding regulatory, public health, and medical decision-making to protect and mitigate the risks for those who travel by air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneh M. Toprani
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.S.); (I.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Christopher Scheibler
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.S.); (I.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Irina Mordukhovich
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.S.); (I.M.); (E.M.)
- Sustainability and Health Initiative (SHINE), Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eileen McNeely
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.S.); (I.M.); (E.M.)
- Sustainability and Health Initiative (SHINE), Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zachary D. Nagel
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.S.); (I.M.); (E.M.)
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16
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Chattaraj A, Selvam TP. Radiation-induced DNA damage by proton, helium and carbon ions in human fibroblast cell: Geant4-DNA and MCDS-based study. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2024; 10:045059. [PMID: 38870909 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ad57ce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Background. Radiation-induced DNA damages such as Single Strand Break (SSB), Double Strand Break (DSB) and Complex DSB (cDSB) are critical aspects of radiobiology with implications in radiotherapy and radiation protection applications.Materials and Methods. This study presents a thorough investigation into the effects of protons (0.1-100 MeV/u), helium ions (0.13-100 MeV/u) and carbon ions (0.5-480 MeV/u) on DNA of human fibroblast cells using Geant4-DNA track structure code coupled with DBSCAN algorithm and Monte Carlo Damage Simulations (MCDS) code. Geant4-DNA-based simulations consider 1μm × 1μm × 0.5μm water box as the target to calculate energy deposition on event-by-event basis and the three-dimensional coordinates of the interaction location, and then DBSCAN algorithm is used to calculate yields of SSB, DSB and cDSB in human fibroblast cell. The study investigated the influence of Linear Energy Transfer (LET) of protons, helium ions and carbon ions on the yields of DNA damages. Influence of cellular oxygenation on DNA damage patterns is investigated using MCDS code.Results. The study shows that DSB and SSB yields are influenced by the LET of the particles, with distinct trends observed for different particles. The cellular oxygenation is a key factor, with anoxic cells exhibiting reduced SSB and DSB yields, underscoring the intricate relationship between cellular oxygen levels and DNA damage. The study introduced DSB/SSB ratio as an informative metric for evaluating the severity of radiation-induced DNA damage, particularly in higher LET regions.Conclusions. The study highlights the importance of considering particle type, LET, and cellular oxygenation in assessing the biological effects of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Chattaraj
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Health, Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - T Palani Selvam
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Health, Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
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Alajlan H, Raducanu VS, Lopez de Los Santos Y, Tehseen M, Alruwaili H, Al-Mazrou A, Mohammad R, Al-Alwan M, De Biasio A, Merzaban JS, Al-Mousa H, Hamdan SM, Alazami AM. Severe Combined Immunodeficiency from a Homozygous DNA Ligase 1 Mutant with Reduced Catalytic Activity but Increased Ligation Fidelity. J Clin Immunol 2024; 44:151. [PMID: 38896336 PMCID: PMC11186889 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-024-01754-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
A cell's ability to survive and to evade cancer is contingent on its ability to retain genomic integrity, which can be seriously compromised when nucleic acid phosphodiester bonds are disrupted. DNA Ligase 1 (LIG1) plays a key role in genome maintenance by sealing single-stranded nicks that are produced during DNA replication and repair. Autosomal recessive mutations in a limited number of individuals have been previously described for this gene. Here we report a homozygous LIG1 mutation (p.A624T), affecting a universally conserved residue, in a patient presenting with leukopenia, neutropenia, lymphopenia, pan-hypogammaglobulinemia, and diminished in vitro response to mitogen stimulation. Patient fibroblasts expressed normal levels of LIG1 protein but exhibited impaired growth, poor viability, high baseline levels of gamma-H2AX foci, and an enhanced susceptibility to DNA-damaging agents. The mutation reduced LIG1 activity by lowering its affinity for magnesium 2.5-fold. Remarkably, it also increased LIG1 fidelity > 50-fold against 3' end 8-Oxoguanine mismatches, exhibiting a marked reduction in its ability to process such nicks. This is expected to yield increased ss- and dsDNA breaks. Molecular dynamic simulations, and Residue Interaction Network studies, predicted an allosteric effect for this mutation on the protein loops associated with the LIG1 high-fidelity magnesium, as well as on DNA binding within the adenylation domain. These dual alterations of suppressed activity and enhanced fidelity, arising from a single mutation, underscore the mechanistic picture of how a LIG1 defect can lead to severe immunological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda Alajlan
- Translational Genomics, Centre for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, MBC 3, P.O. Box 3354, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vlad-Stefan Raducanu
- Bioscience Program, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yossef Lopez de Los Santos
- Cell Migration and Signaling Laboratory, Bioscience Program, Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Tehseen
- Bioscience Program, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hibah Alruwaili
- Translational Genomics, Centre for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, MBC 3, P.O. Box 3354, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer Al-Mazrou
- Cell Therapy and Immunobiology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Mohammad
- Pediatric Allergy & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, MBC 3, P.O. Box 3354, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monther Al-Alwan
- Cell Therapy and Immunobiology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alfredo De Biasio
- Bioscience Program, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jasmeen S Merzaban
- Cell Migration and Signaling Laboratory, Bioscience Program, Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamoud Al-Mousa
- Pediatric Allergy & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, MBC 3, P.O. Box 3354, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Samir M Hamdan
- Bioscience Program, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Anas M Alazami
- Translational Genomics, Centre for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, MBC 3, P.O. Box 3354, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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18
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Karwowski BT. The Influence of Clustered DNA Damage Containing Iz/Oz and OXOdG on the Charge Transfer through the Double Helix: A Theoretical Study. Molecules 2024; 29:2754. [PMID: 38930820 PMCID: PMC11206643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The genome-the source of life and platform of evolution-is continuously exposed to harmful factors, both extra- and intra-cellular. Their activity causes different types of DNA damage, with approximately 80 different types of lesions having been identified so far. In this paper, the influence of a clustered DNA damage site containing imidazolone (Iz) or oxazolone (Oz) and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (OXOdG) on the charge transfer through the double helix as well as their electronic properties were investigated. To this end, the structures of oligo-Iz, d[A1Iz2A3OXOG4A5]*d[T5C4T3C2T1], and oligo-Oz, d[A1Oz2A3OXOG4A5]*d[T5C4T3C2T1], were optimized at the M06-2X/6-D95**//M06-2X/sto-3G level of theory in the aqueous phase using the ONIOM methodology; all the discussed energies were obtained at the M06-2X/6-31++G** level of theory. The non-equilibrated and equilibrated solvent-solute interactions were taken into consideration. The following results were found: (A) In all the discussed cases, OXOdG showed a higher predisposition to radical cation formation, and B) the excess electron migration toward Iz and Oz was preferred. However, in the case of oligo-Oz, the electron transfer from Oz2 to complementary C4 was noted during vertical to adiabatic anion relaxation, while for oligo-Iz, it was settled exclusively on the Iz2 moiety. The above was reflected in the charge transfer rate constant, vertical/adiabatic ionization potential, and electron affinity energy values, as well as the charge and spin distribution. It can be postulated that imidazolone moiety formation within the CDL ds-oligo structure and its conversion to oxazolone can significantly influence the charge migration process, depending on the C2 carbon hybridization sp2 or sp3. The above can confuse the single DNA damage recognition and removal processes, cause an increase in mutagenesis, and harm the effectiveness of anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolesław T Karwowski
- DNA Damage Laboratory of Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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Karwowski BT. The Influence of Oxidized Imino-Allantoin in the Presence of OXOG on Double Helix Charge Transfer: A Theoretical Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5962. [PMID: 38892152 PMCID: PMC11172559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The genome is continuously exposed to a variety of harmful factors that result in a significant amount of DNA damage. This article examines the influence of a multi-damage site containing oxidized imino-allantoin (OXIa) and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (OXOdG) on the spatial geometry, electronic properties, and ds-DNA charge transfer. The ground stage of a d[A1OXIa2A3OXOG4A5]*d[T5C4T3C2T1] structure was obtained at the M06-2X/6-D95**//M06-2X/sto-3G level of theory in the condensed phase, with the energies obtained at the M06-2X/6-31++G** level. The non-equilibrated and equilibrated solvent-solute interactions were also considered. Theoretical studies reveal that the radical cation prefers to settle on the OXOG moiety, irrespective of the presence of OXIa in a ds-oligo. The lowest vertical and adiabatic ionization potential values were found for the OXOG:::C base pair (5.94 and 5.52 [eV], respectively). Conversely, the highest vertical and adiabatic electron affinity was assigned for OXIaC as follows: 3.15 and 3.49 [eV]. The charge transfers were analyzed according to Marcus' theory. The highest value of charge transfer rate constant for hole and excess electron migration was found for the process towards the OXOGC moiety. Surprisingly, the values obtained for the driving force and activation energy of electro-transfer towards OXIa2C4 located this process in the Marcus inverted region, which is thermodynamically unfavorable. Therefore, the presence of OXIa can slow down the recognition and removal processes of other DNA lesions. However, with regard to anticancer therapy (radio/chemo), the presence of OXIa in the structure of clustered DNA damage can result in improved cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boleslaw T Karwowski
- DNA Damage Laboratory of Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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Uomori T, Horimoto Y, Ueki Y, Ishizuka Y, Onagi H, Hayashi T, Watanabe J, Shikama N. Efficacy of radiation therapy in Japanese patients with positive margins after breast-conserving surgery. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2024; 54:556-561. [PMID: 38251759 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyad196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Additional surgical resection is recommended after breast-conserving surgery if the surgical margin is pathologically positive. However, in clinical practice, radiation therapy is sometimes used instead for several reasons. Irradiation may be appropriate for some patients, but real-world data is still insufficient to establish it as standard treatment. We retrospectively investigated the status of local control in patients who received irradiation for positive margins. METHODS We investigated 85 patients with positive margins after curative partial mastectomy who were treated with irradiation instead of additional excision during the period 2006-2013. The patients received whole-breast irradiation (43.2-50 Gy) using photon beams and additional tumour-bed boost (8.1-16 Gy) using electron beams. Intrabreast tumour recurrence was defined as secondary cancer within the ipsilateral conserved breast. Surgical margin was defined as positive if tumour cell exposure was pathologically confirmed on the margin. RESULTS Seven patients (8.2%) developed intrabreast tumour recurrence during a mean observation period of 119 months. As to components of positive margin, 76 cases were positive for an intraductal component, of which seven (9.2%) developed intrabreast tumour recurrence. Meanwhile, all nine cases positive for an invasive component were free from intrabreast tumour recurrence. Two of the intrabreast tumour recurrence cases seemed to develop new lesions rather than recurrence, considering tumour location. The cumulative incidence of intrabreast tumour recurrence over 10 years was 6.1%. Limited to true recurrence, intrabreast tumour recurrence incidence was 4.9%. CONCLUSION Our real-world data supports irradiation as an alternative to additional surgical intervention for positive margins after breast-conserving surgery and offers a basis for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshitaka Uomori
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University,2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Horimoto
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University,2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Yuko Ueki
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University,2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yumiko Ishizuka
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University,2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroko Onagi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takuo Hayashi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Junichiro Watanabe
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University,2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Naoto Shikama
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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21
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Kladova OA, Tyugashev TE, Miroshnikov AA, Novopashina DS, Kuznetsov NA, Kuznetsova AA. SNP-Associated Substitutions of Amino Acid Residues in the dNTP Selection Subdomain Decrease Polβ Polymerase Activity. Biomolecules 2024; 14:547. [PMID: 38785954 PMCID: PMC11117729 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In the cell, DNA polymerase β (Polβ) is involved in many processes aimed at maintaining genome stability and is considered the main repair DNA polymerase participating in base excision repair (BER). Polβ can fill DNA gaps formed by other DNA repair enzymes. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the POLB gene can affect the enzymatic properties of the resulting protein, owing to possible amino acid substitutions. For many SNP-associated Polβ variants, an association with cancer, owing to changes in polymerase activity and fidelity, has been shown. In this work, kinetic analyses and molecular dynamics simulations were used to examine the activity of naturally occurring polymorphic variants G274R, G290C, and R333W. Previously, the amino acid substitutions at these positions have been found in various types of tumors, implying a specific role of Gly-274, Gly-290, and Arg-333 in Polβ functioning. All three polymorphic variants had reduced polymerase activity. Two substitutions-G274R and R333W-led to the almost complete disappearance of gap-filling and primer elongation activities, a decrease in the deoxynucleotide triphosphate-binding ability, and a lower polymerization constant, due to alterations of local contacts near the replaced amino acid residues. Thus, variants G274R, G290C, and R333W may be implicated in an elevated level of unrepaired DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Kladova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.E.T.); (D.S.N.); (N.A.K.)
| | - Timofey E. Tyugashev
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.E.T.); (D.S.N.); (N.A.K.)
| | | | - Daria S. Novopashina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.E.T.); (D.S.N.); (N.A.K.)
| | - Nikita A. Kuznetsov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.E.T.); (D.S.N.); (N.A.K.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Aleksandra A. Kuznetsova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.E.T.); (D.S.N.); (N.A.K.)
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22
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Mothersill C, Seymour C, Cocchetto A, Williams D. Factors Influencing Effects of Low-dose Radiation Exposure. HEALTH PHYSICS 2024; 126:296-308. [PMID: 38526248 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT It is now well accepted that the mechanisms induced by low-dose exposures to ionizing radiation (LDR) are different from those occurring after high-dose exposures. However, the downstream effects of these mechanisms are unclear as are the quantitative relationships between exposure, effect, harm, and risk. In this paper, we will discuss the mechanisms known to be important with an overall emphasis on how so-called "non-targeted effects" (NTE) communicate and coordinate responses to LDR. Targeted deposition of ionizing radiation energy in cells causing DNA damage is still regarded as the dominant trigger leading to all downstream events whether targeted or non-targeted. We regard this as an over-simplification dating back to formal target theory. It ignores that last 100 y of biological research into stress responses and signaling mechanisms in organisms exposed to toxic substances, including ionizing radiation. We will provide evidence for situations where energy deposition in cellular targets alone cannot be plausible as a mechanism for LDR effects. An example is where the energy deposition takes place in an organism not receiving the radiation dose. We will also discuss how effects after LDR depend more on dose rate and radiation quality rather than actual dose, which appears rather irrelevant. Finally, we will use recent evidence from studies of cataract and melanoma induction to suggest that after LDR, post-translational effects, such as protein misfolding or defects in energy metabolism or mitochondrial function, may dominate the etiology and progression of the disease. A focus on such novel pathways may open the way to successful prophylaxis and development of new biomarkers for better risk assessment after low dose exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel Mothersill
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St., Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Colin Seymour
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St., Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Alan Cocchetto
- The National CFIDS Foundation, 285 Beach Ave., Hull, MA 02045
| | - David Williams
- Cambridge University, The Old Schools, Trinity Lane, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
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23
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Qu H, Shi X, Xu Y, Qin H, Li J, Cai S, Zhao J, Wan B, Yang Y, Li B. Mechanism of Musashi2 affecting radiosensitivity of lung cancer by modulating DNA damage repair. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e548. [PMID: 38645664 PMCID: PMC11032739 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying new targets for overcoming radioresistance is crucial for improving the efficacy of lung cancer radiotherapy, given that tumor cell resistance is a leading cause of treatment failure. Recent research has spotlighted the significance of Musashi2 (MSI2) in cancer biology. In this study, we first demonstrated that MSI2 plays a key function in regulating the radiosensitivity of lung cancer. The expression of MSI2 is negatively correlated with overall survival in cancer patients, and the knockdown of MSI2 inhibits tumorigenesis and increases radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells. Cellular radiosensitivity, which is closely linked to DNA damage, is influenced by MSI2 interaction with ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related kinase (ATR) and checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) post-irradiation; moreover, knockdown of MSI2 inhibits the ATR-mediated DNA damage response pathway. RNA-binding motif protein 17 (RBM17), which is implicated in DNA damage repair, exhibits increased interaction with MSI2 post-irradiation. We found that knockdown of RBM17 disrupted the interaction between MSI2 and ATR post-irradiation and increased the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells. Furthermore, we revealed the potential mechanism of MSI2 recruitment into the nucleus with the assistance of RBM17 to activate ATR to promote radioresistance. This study provides novel insights into the potential application of MSI2 as a new target in lung cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjin Qu
- Department of Radiation MedicineFaculty of Naval MedicineNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education)Shanghai Center for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiong Shi
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and RegenerationTongji Research Institute of StomatologyDepartment of Radiology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Radiation MedicineFaculty of Naval MedicineNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hongran Qin
- Department of Nuclear RadiationShanghai Pulmonary HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Junshi Li
- Department of Radiation MedicineFaculty of Naval MedicineNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shanlin Cai
- Department of Radiation MedicineFaculty of Naval MedicineNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jianpeng Zhao
- Department of Radiation MedicineFaculty of Naval MedicineNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Bingbing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education)Shanghai Center for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yanyong Yang
- Department of Radiation MedicineFaculty of Naval MedicineNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Bailong Li
- Department of Radiation MedicineFaculty of Naval MedicineNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
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24
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Shbeer A. Assessment of the Occupational Radiation Exposure of Anesthesia Staff in Interventional Cardiology. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2024; 17:1093-1100. [PMID: 38707521 PMCID: PMC11068050 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s460054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This research seeks to evaluate the occupational radiation dose, quantified as the whole-body Annual Mean Effective Dose (AMED), received by anesthesia personnel in interventional cardiology. Methods Thermoluminescent dosimetry data was collected over five years (2019-2023) for a total of 175 anesthesia staff. Technologists comprised approximately 72.4% of the participants (55% male and 45% female), while consultants accounted for 27.6% (70% male and 30% female). Statistical tests, including Independent Samples T-Test and One-Way ANOVA, compared AMED across genders, job titles, and years. Results The study's findings on AMED across all staff from 2019 to 2023 showed marked variability in AMED. There was a significant rise in AMED from 0.72 mSv in 2019 to 0.92 mSv in 2020, then a decline to 0.82 mSv in 2021, with further decreases to 0.67 mSv in 2022 and finally to 0.65 mSv in 2023 (p < 0.001). The average AMED over the five-year span (2019-2023) was 0.76 ± 0.4 mSv. In terms of gender, the overall AMED for males was 0.73 ± 0.36 mSv and for females 0.79 ± 0.45 mSv, showing no significant statistical difference (p = 0.272). Significant differences in exposure were observed between the technologists who experienced a higher overall AMED (0.8 ± 0.43 mSv) compared to consultants (0.63 ± 0.29 mSv, p = 0.008). Discussion Despite these variations, AMED values remained lower than the annual occupational dose limit of 20 mSv, indicating generally low radiation exposure for anesthesia staff. This study emphasizes the importance of ongoing monitoring and enhanced protective measures to safeguard the health of medical professionals working with radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Shbeer
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Punniyamoorthy D, Souframanien J. Gamma-rays induced genome wide stable mutations in cowpea deciphered through whole genome sequencing. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:1072-1084. [PMID: 38683196 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2345087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gamma rays are the most widely exploited physical mutagen in plant mutation breeding. They are known to be involved in the development of more than 60% of global cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) mutant varieties. Nevertheless, the nature and type of genome-wide mutations induced by gamma rays have not been studied in cowpea and therefore, the present investigation was undertaken. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genomic DNAs from three stable gamma rays-induced mutants (large seed size, small seed size and disease resistant mutant) of cowpea cultivar 'CPD103' in M6 generation along with its progenitor were used for Illumina-based whole-genome resequencing. RESULTS Gamma rays induced a relatively higher frequency (88.9%) of single base substitutions (SBSs) with an average transition to transversion ratio (Ti/Tv) of 3.51 in M6 generation. A > G transitions, including its complementary T > C transitions, predominated the transition mutations, while all four types of transversion mutations were detected with frequencies over 6.5%. Indels (small insertions and deletions) constituted about 11% of the total induced variations, wherein small insertions (6.3%) were relatively more prominent than small deletions (4.8%). Among the indels, single-base indels and, in particular, those involving A/T bases showed a preponderance, albeit indels of up to three bases were detected in low proportions. Distributed across all 11 chromosomes, only a fraction of SBSs (19.45%) and indels (20.2%) potentially altered the encoded amino acids/peptides. The inherent mutation rate induced by gamma rays in cowpea was observed to be in the order of 1.4 × 10-7 per base pair in M6 generation. CONCLUSION Gamma-rays with a greater tendency to induce SBSs and, to a lesser extent, indels could be efficiently and effectively exploited in cowpea mutation breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jegadeesan Souframanien
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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26
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Toyen D, Wimolmala E, Hemvichian K, Lertsarawut P, Saenboonruang K. Highly Efficient and Eco-Friendly Thermal-Neutron-Shielding Materials Based on Recycled High-Density Polyethylene and Gadolinium Oxide Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1139. [PMID: 38675059 PMCID: PMC11054564 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing demands for improved radiation safety and the growing concerns regarding the excessive use of plastics, this work aimed to develop effective and eco-friendly thermal-neutron-shielding materials based on recycled high-density polyethylene (r-HDPE) composites containing varying surface-treated gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) contents (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%). The results indicate that the overall thermal-neutron-shielding properties of the r-HDPE composites were enhanced with the addition of Gd2O3, as evidenced by large reductions in I/I0, HVL, and TVL, as well as the substantial increases in ∑t and ∑t/ρ of the composites. Furthermore, the results reveal that the values for tensile properties initially increased up to 5-15 wt% of Gd2O3 and then gradually decreased at higher contents. In addition, the results show that the addition of Gd2O3 particles generally increased the density (ρ), the remaining ash at 600 °C, and the degree of crystallinity (%XC) of the composites. This work also determined the effects of gamma irradiation on relevant properties of the composites. The findings indicate that following gamma aging, the tensile modulus slightly increased, while the tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness (Shore D) showed no significant (p < 0.05) differences, except for the sample containing 5 wt% of Gd2O3, which exhibited a noticeable reduction in elongation at break. Furthermore, by comparing the neutron-shielding and mechanical properties of the developed r-HDPE composites with common borated polyethylene (PE) containing 5 wt% and 15 wt% of boron, the results clearly indicate the superior shielding and tensile properties in the r-HDPE composites, implying the great potential of r-HDPE composites to replace virgin plastics as effective and more eco-friendly shielding materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donruedee Toyen
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
- Special Research Unit of Radiation Technology for Advanced Materials (RTAM), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Ekachai Wimolmala
- Polymer PROcessing and Flow (P-PROF) Research Group, Division of Materials Technology, School of Energy, Environment and Materials, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand;
| | - Kasinee Hemvichian
- Nuclear Technology Research and Development Center, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Nakhon Nayok 26120, Thailand; (K.H.); (P.L.)
| | - Pattra Lertsarawut
- Nuclear Technology Research and Development Center, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Nakhon Nayok 26120, Thailand; (K.H.); (P.L.)
| | - Kiadtisak Saenboonruang
- Special Research Unit of Radiation Technology for Advanced Materials (RTAM), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Department of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Specialized Center of Rubber and Polymer Materials in Agriculture and Industry (RPM), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Inanc B, Fang Q, Andrews JF, Zeng X, Clark J, Li J, Dey NB, Ibrahim M, Sykora P, Yu Z, Braganza A, Verheij M, Jonkers J, Yates NA, Vens C, Sobol RW. TRIP12 governs DNA Polymerase β involvement in DNA damage response and repair. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.08.588474. [PMID: 38645048 PMCID: PMC11030427 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.08.588474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The multitude of DNA lesion types, and the nuclear dynamic context in which they occur, present a challenge for genome integrity maintenance as this requires the engagement of different DNA repair pathways. Specific 'repair controllers' that facilitate DNA repair pathway crosstalk between double strand break (DSB) repair and base excision repair (BER), and regulate BER protein trafficking at lesion sites, have yet to be identified. We find that DNA polymerase β (Polβ), crucial for BER, is ubiquitylated in a BER complex-dependent manner by TRIP12, an E3 ligase that partners with UBR5 and restrains DSB repair signaling. Here we find that, TRIP12, but not UBR5, controls cellular levels and chromatin loading of Polβ. Required for Polβ foci formation, TRIP12 regulates Polβ involvement after DNA damage. Notably, excessive TRIP12-mediated shuttling of Polβ affects DSB formation and radiation sensitivity, underscoring its precedence for BER. We conclude that the herein discovered trafficking function at the nexus of DNA repair signaling pathways, towards Polβ-directed BER, optimizes DNA repair pathway choice at complex lesion sites.
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28
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Li W, Ma L, Li F, Li K, Zhang Y, Ren H, Bao X, Guo Y, Guo Y, Wang M, Li D, Duan Y, Ma X, Wang Z, Wang Y, Yin R. Effects of bone marrow sparing radiotherapy on acute hematologic toxicity for patients with locoregionally advanced cervical cancer: a prospective phase II randomized controlled study. Radiat Oncol 2024; 19:46. [PMID: 38594678 PMCID: PMC11005132 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-024-02432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate effects of bone marrow sparing (BMS) radiotherapy on decreasing the incidence of acute hematologic toxicity (HT) for locoregionally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) patients treated by pelvic irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS LACC patients were recruited prospectively from May 2021 to May 2022 at a single center and were evenly randomized into the BMS group and the control group. All patients received pelvic irradiation with concurrent cisplatin (40 mg/m2 weekly), followed by brachytherapy and BM V40 < 25% in the BMS group was additionally prescribed. Acute HT was assessed weekly. Binary logistic regression model and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used for predictive value analysis. The trial was registered with Chinese clinical trial registry (ChiCTR2200066485). RESULTS A total of 242 patients were included in the analysis. Baseline demographic, disease and treatment characteristics were balanced between the two groups. In the intention-to-treat population, BMS was associated with a lower incidence of grade ≥ 2 and grade ≥ 3 acute HT, leukopenia and neutropenia s(72.70% v 90.90%, P < 0.001*; 16.50% vs. 65.30%, P < 0.001*; 66.10% vs. 85.10%, P = 0.001*; 13.20% vs. 54.50%, P < 0.001*; 37.20% vs. 66.10%, P < 0.001*; 10.70% vs. 43.80%, P < 0.001*). BMS also resulted in decreased dose delivered to the organs at risk (OARs) including rectum, bladder and left and right femoral head. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that BM V40 was an independent risk factor for grade ≥ 3 acute HT (odds ratio [OR] = 2.734, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.959-3.815, P < 0.001*). Cutoff value was 25.036% and area under the curve (AUC) was 0.786. The nomogram was constructed, which was rigorously evaluated and internally cross-validated, showing good predictive performance. CONCLUSIONS Receiving BMS pelvic irradiation could reduce the incidence of acute HT in LACC patients, and BM V40 < 25% may be a significant factor in reducing the risks of acute HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China University Hospital 2, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry Education, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi' An Jiao Tong University, 710004, Xi'An, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi' An Jiao Tong University, 710004, Xi'An, China
| | - Kemin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China University Hospital 2, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry Education, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi' An Jiao Tong University, 710004, Xi'An, China
| | - Hongtao Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi' An Jiao Tong University, 710004, Xi'An, China
| | - Xing Bao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi' An Jiao Tong University, 710004, Xi'An, China
| | - Yuyan Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi' An Jiao Tong University, 710004, Xi'An, China
| | - Ya Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi' An Jiao Tong University, 710004, Xi'An, China
| | - Mincong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi' An Jiao Tong University, 710004, Xi'An, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi' An Jiao Tong University, 710004, Xi'An, China
| | - Yuanqiong Duan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China University Hospital 2, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry Education, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiulong Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi' An Jiao Tong University, 710004, Xi'An, China
| | - Zhongwei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi' An Jiao Tong University, 710004, Xi'An, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi' An Jiao Tong University, 710004, Xi'An, China.
| | - Rutie Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China University Hospital 2, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry Education, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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29
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Geyer F, Geyer M, Reuning U, Klapproth S, Wolff KD, Nieberler M. CHD4 acts as a prognostic factor and drives radioresistance in HPV negative HNSCC. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8286. [PMID: 38594331 PMCID: PMC11003975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58958-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite great efforts in improving existing therapies, the outcome of patients with advanced radioresistant HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains poor. The chromatin remodeler Chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 4 (CHD4) is involved in different DNA-repair mechanisms, but the role and potential in HNSCC has not been explored yet. In the present study, we evaluated the prognostic significance of CHD4 expression using in silico analysis of the pan-cancer dataset. Furthermore, we established a monoclonal HNSCC CHD4 knockdown cell clone utilizing the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Effects of lower CHD4 expression on radiosensitivity after increasing doses of ionizing radiation were characterized using clonogenic assays and cell numbers. The in silico analysis revealed that high CHD4 expression is associated with significant poorer overall survival of HPV-negative HNSCC patients. Additionally, the knockdown of CHD4 significantly increased the radiosensitivity of HNSCC cells. Therefore, CHD4 might be involved in promoting radioresistance in hard-to-treat HPV-negative HNSCC entities. We conclude that CHD4 could serve as a prognostic factor in HPV-negative HNSCC tumors and is a potential target protein overcoming radioresistance in HNSCC. Our results and the newly established cell clone laid the foundation to further characterize the underlying mechanisms and ultimately use CHD4 in HNSCC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Geyer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Geyer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Ute Reuning
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Klapproth
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dietrich Wolff
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Nieberler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, 81675, Munich, Germany
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30
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Che PP, Gregori A, Bergonzini C, Ali M, Mantini G, Schmidt T, Finamore F, Rodrigues SMF, Frampton AE, McDonnell LA, Danen EH, Slotman BJ, Sminia P, Giovannetti E. Differential Sensitivity to Ionizing Radiation in Gemcitabine-Resistant and Paclitaxel-Resistant Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 118:1328-1343. [PMID: 37914140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chemoresistance remains a major challenge in treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Although chemoradiation has proven effective in other tumor types, such as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, its role in PDAC and effect on acquired chemoresistance have yet to be fully explored. In this study, we investigated the sensitivity of gemcitabine-resistant (GR) and paclitaxel-resistant (PR) PDAC cells to ionizing radiation (IR) and their underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND MATERIALS GR and PR clones were generated from PANC-1, PATU-T, and SUIT2-007 pancreatic cancer cell lines. Cell survival after radiation was assessed using clonogenic assay, sulforhodamine B assay, apoptosis, and spheroid growth by bioluminescence. Radiation-induced DNA damage was assessed using Western blot, extra-long polymerase chain reaction, reactive oxygen species production, and immunofluorescence. Autophagy and modulation of the Hippo signaling pathway were investigated using proteomics, Western blot, immunofluorescence, and reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS In both 2- and 3-dimensional settings, PR cells were more sensitive to IR and showed decreased β-globin amplification, indicating more DNA damage accumulation compared with GR or wild-type cells after 24 hours. Proteomic analysis of PR PATU-T cells revealed that the protein MST4, a kinase involved in autophagy and the Hippo signaling pathway, was highly downregulated. A differential association was found between autophagy and radiation treatment depending on the cell model. Interestingly, increased yes-associated protein nuclear localization and downstream Hippo signaling pathway target gene expression were observed in response to IR. CONCLUSIONS This was the first study investigating the potential of IR in targeting PDAC cells with acquired chemoresistance. Our results demonstrate that PR cells exhibit enhanced sensitivity to IR due to greater accumulation of DNA damage. Additionally, depending on the specific cellular context, radiation-induced modulation of autophagy and the Hippo signaling pathway emerged as potential underlying mechanisms, findings with potential to inform personalized treatment strategies for patients with acquired chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Pei Che
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandro Gregori
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Physics of Life Processes, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia Bergonzini
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mahsoem Ali
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giulia Mantini
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Fondazione Pisana per La Scienza, San Giuliano Terme, Italy
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Physics of Life Processes, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stephanie M Fraga Rodrigues
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adam E Frampton
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Erik H Danen
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ben J Slotman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Sminia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Fondazione Pisana per La Scienza, San Giuliano Terme, Italy.
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Cao X, Yan Z, Chen Z, Ge Y, Hu X, Peng F, Huang W, Zhang P, Sun R, Chen J, Ding M, Zong D, He X. The Emerging Role of Deubiquitinases in Radiosensitivity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 118:1347-1370. [PMID: 38092257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a primary treatment for cancer, but radioresistance remains a significant challenge in improving efficacy and reducing toxicity. Accumulating evidence suggests that deubiquitinases (DUBs) play a crucial role in regulating cell sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Traditional small-molecule DUB inhibitors have demonstrated radiosensitization effects, and novel deubiquitinase-targeting chimeras (DUBTACs) provide a promising strategy for radiosensitizer development by harnessing the ubiquitin-proteasome system. This review highlights the mechanisms by which DUBs regulate radiosensitivity, including DNA damage repair, the cell cycle, cell death, and hypoxia. Progress on DUB inhibitors and DUBTACs is summarized, and their potential radiosensitization effects are discussed. Developing drugs targeting DUBs appears to be a promising alternative approach to overcoming radioresistance, warranting further research into their mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cao
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenyu Yan
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zihan Chen
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yizhi Ge
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fanyu Peng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxuan Huang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pingchuan Zhang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruozhou Sun
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiazhen Chen
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingjun Ding
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Zong
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xia He
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Chaurasia RK, Sapra BK, Aswal DK. Interplay of immune modulation, adaptive response and hormesis: Suggestive of threshold for clinical manifestation of effects of ionizing radiation at low doses? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170178. [PMID: 38280586 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The health impacts of low-dose ionizing radiation exposures have been a subject of debate over the last three to four decades. While there has been enough evidence of "no adverse observable" health effects at low doses and low dose rates, the hypothesis of "Linear No Threshold" continues to rule and govern the principles of radiation protection and the formulation of regulations and public policies. In adopting this conservative approach, the role of the biological processes underway in the human body is kept at abeyance. This review consolidates the available studies that discuss all related biological pathways and repair mechanisms that inhibit the progression of deleterious effects at low doses and low dose rates of ionizing radiation. It is pertinent that, taking cognizance of these processes, there is a need to have a relook at policies of radiation protection, which as of now are too stringent, leading to undue economic losses and negative public perception about radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Chaurasia
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, India; Health, Safety and Environment Group,Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - B K Sapra
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, India; Health, Safety and Environment Group,Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - D K Aswal
- Health, Safety and Environment Group,Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India.
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Chen Q, Fang C, Xia F, Wang Q, Li F, Ling D. Metal nanoparticles for cancer therapy: Precision targeting of DNA damage. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1132-1149. [PMID: 38486992 PMCID: PMC10934341 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer, a complex and heterogeneous disease, arises from genomic instability. Currently, DNA damage-based cancer treatments, including radiotherapy and chemotherapy, are employed in clinical practice. However, the efficacy and safety of these therapies are constrained by various factors, limiting their ability to meet current clinical demands. Metal nanoparticles present promising avenues for enhancing each critical aspect of DNA damage-based cancer therapy. Their customizable physicochemical properties enable the development of targeted and personalized treatment platforms. In this review, we delve into the design principles and optimization strategies of metal nanoparticles. We shed light on the limitations of DNA damage-based therapy while highlighting the diverse strategies made possible by metal nanoparticles. These encompass targeted drug delivery, inhibition of DNA repair mechanisms, induction of cell death, and the cascading immune response. Moreover, we explore the pivotal role of physicochemical factors such as nanoparticle size, stimuli-responsiveness, and surface modification in shaping metal nanoparticle platforms. Finally, we present insights into the challenges and future directions of metal nanoparticles in advancing DNA damage-based cancer therapy, paving the way for novel treatment paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chunyan Fang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiyue Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- World Laureates Association (WLA) Laboratories, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fangyuan Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- World Laureates Association (WLA) Laboratories, Shanghai 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Daishun Ling
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- World Laureates Association (WLA) Laboratories, Shanghai 201203, China
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Maslyuk VT, Zavilopulo AN, Svatiuk NI, Bandurin YA. Peculiarities of Glucose Molecules Destruction under Irradiation at the M-30 Microtron (12.5 MeV): Mass Spectrometric Studies. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:203-211. [PMID: 37966623 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The method of mass spectrometric studies was used to study the fragmentation of glucose in the gas phase upon collision with low-energy electrons (20-70 eV) before and after irradiation at the M-30 microtron (12.5 MeV) with doses of 14 and 164 kGy. The dose dependence of the transformation of glucose mass spectra was established. The results indicate the dominance in mass spectra of symmetric fission channels of the molecule itself and its fragments formed under the action of M-30 microtron radiation. The same ways of fragmentation of glucose one can expect under chemical, thermal, and biological processes at the cellular level. The dominant channels of fragmentizing the glucose molecule without and considering its radiation treatment are explained within the framework of the method of structural combinations. The obtained results are essential for understanding the processes of cellular biochemistry and biophysics involving glucose, the hierarchy of its fragmentation channels under the influence of terrestrial radiation factors, and metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V T Maslyuk
- Institute of Electron Physics, National Academy of Sciences, Universitetska 21, Uzhhorod, 88017, Zakarpattia, Ukraine.
| | - A N Zavilopulo
- Institute of Electron Physics, National Academy of Sciences, Universitetska 21, Uzhhorod, 88017, Zakarpattia, Ukraine
| | - N I Svatiuk
- Institute of Electron Physics, National Academy of Sciences, Universitetska 21, Uzhhorod, 88017, Zakarpattia, Ukraine
| | - Y A Bandurin
- Institute of Electron Physics, National Academy of Sciences, Universitetska 21, Uzhhorod, 88017, Zakarpattia, Ukraine
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Rezaee M, Adhikary A. The Effects of Particle LET and Fluence on the Complexity and Frequency of Clustered DNA Damage. DNA 2024; 4:34-51. [PMID: 38282954 PMCID: PMC10810015 DOI: 10.3390/dna4010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Motivation Clustered DNA-lesions are predominantly induced by ionizing radiation, particularly by high-LET particles, and considered as lethal damage. Quantification of this specific type of damage as a function of radiation parameters such as LET, dose rate, dose, and particle type can be informative for the prediction of biological outcome in radiobiological studies. This study investigated the induction and complexity of clustered DNA damage for three different types of particles at an LET range of 0.5-250 keV/μm. Methods Nanometric volumes (36.0 nm3) of 15 base-pair DNA with its hydration shell was modeled. Electron, proton, and alpha particles at various energies were simulated to irradiate the nanometric volumes. The number of ionization events, low-energy electron spectra, and chemical yields for the formation of °OH, H°, e aq - , and H2O2 were calculated for each particle as a function of LET. Single- and double-strand breaks (SSB and DSB), base release, and clustered DNA-lesions were computed from the Monte-Carlo based quantification of the reactive species and measured yields of the species responsible for the DNA lesion formation. Results The total amount of DNA damage depends on particle type and LET. The number of ionization events underestimates the quantity of DNA damage at LETs higher than 10 keV/μm. Minimum LETs of 9.4 and 11.5 keV/μm are required to induce clustered damage by a single track of proton and alpha particles, respectively. For a given radiation dose, an increase in LET reduces the number of particle tracks, leading to more complex clustered DNA damage, but a smaller number of separated clustered damage sites. Conclusions The dependency of the number and the complexity of clustered DNA damage on LET and fluence suggests that the quantification of this damage can be a useful method for the estimation of the biological effectiveness of radiation. These results also suggest that medium-LET particles are more appropriate for the treatment of bulk targets, whereas high-LET particles can be more effective for small targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rezaee
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1550 Orleans St., Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Amitava Adhikary
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, 146 Library Drive, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
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Borghini A, Labate L, Piccinini S, Panaino CMV, Andreassi MG, Gizzi LA. FLASH Radiotherapy: Expectations, Challenges, and Current Knowledge. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2546. [PMID: 38473799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Major strides have been made in the development of FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH RT) in the last ten years, but there are still many obstacles to overcome for transfer to the clinic to become a reality. Although preclinical and first-in-human clinical evidence suggests that ultra-high dose rates (UHDRs) induce a sparing effect in normal tissue without modifying the therapeutic effect on the tumor, successful clinical translation of FLASH-RT depends on a better understanding of the biological mechanisms underpinning the sparing effect. Suitable in vitro studies are required to fully understand the radiobiological mechanisms associated with UHDRs. From a technical point of view, it is also crucial to develop optimal technologies in terms of beam irradiation parameters for producing FLASH conditions. This review provides an overview of the research progress of FLASH RT and discusses the potential challenges to be faced before its clinical application. We critically summarize the preclinical evidence and in vitro studies on DNA damage following UHDR irradiation. We also highlight the ongoing developments of technologies for delivering FLASH-compliant beams, with a focus on laser-driven plasma accelerators suitable for performing basic radiobiological research on the UHDR effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Labate
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory (ILIL), CNR Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Piccinini
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory (ILIL), CNR Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Leonida Antonio Gizzi
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory (ILIL), CNR Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Youk J, Kwon HW, Lim J, Kim E, Kim T, Kim R, Park S, Yi K, Nam CH, Jeon S, An Y, Choi J, Na H, Lee ES, Cho Y, Min DW, Kim H, Kang YR, Choi SH, Bae MJ, Lee CG, Kim JG, Kim YS, Yu T, Lee WC, Shin JY, Lee DS, Kim TY, Ku T, Kim SY, Lee JH, Koo BK, Lee H, Yi OV, Han EC, Chang JH, Kim KS, Son TG, Ju YS. Quantitative and qualitative mutational impact of ionizing radiation on normal cells. CELL GENOMICS 2024; 4:100499. [PMID: 38359788 PMCID: PMC10879144 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The comprehensive genomic impact of ionizing radiation (IR), a carcinogen, on healthy somatic cells remains unclear. Using large-scale whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of clones expanded from irradiated murine and human single cells, we revealed that IR induces a characteristic spectrum of short insertions or deletions (indels) and structural variations (SVs), including balanced inversions, translocations, composite SVs (deletion-insertion, deletion-inversion, and deletion-translocation composites), and complex genomic rearrangements (CGRs), including chromoplexy, chromothripsis, and SV by breakage-fusion-bridge cycles. Our findings suggest that 1 Gy IR exposure causes an average of 2.33 mutational events per Gb genome, comprising 2.15 indels, 0.17 SVs, and 0.01 CGRs, despite a high level of inter-cellular stochasticity. The mutational burden was dependent on total irradiation dose, regardless of dose rate or cell type. The findings were further validated in IR-induced secondary cancers and single cells without clonalization. Overall, our study highlights a comprehensive and clear picture of IR effects on normal mammalian genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghwan Youk
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kwon
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonoh Lim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Genome Insight, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, 20, Boramae-ro 5 Gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewoo Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryul Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Genome Insight, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Seongyeol Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Genome Insight, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Kijong Yi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Genome Insight, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Chang Hyun Nam
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sara Jeon
- Department of Biological Sciences & IMBG, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan An
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwook Choi
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EL Cambridge, UK
| | - Hyelin Na
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eon-Seok Lee
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwon Cho
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Min
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HyoJin Kim
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Rok Kang
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Ho Choi
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Bae
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Geun Lee
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Goon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; KI for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seo Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; KI for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tosol Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-You Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyun Ku
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; KI for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyeon Lee
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EL Cambridge, UK
| | - Bon-Kyoung Koo
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hyunsook Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences & IMBG, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - On Vox Yi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eon Chul Han
- Department of Surgery, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung Su Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Gen Son
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Seok Ju
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Genome Insight, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Möller C, Sharma R, Öz R, Reginato G, Cannavo E, Ceppi I, Sriram KK, Cejka P, Westerlund F. Xrs2/NBS1 promote end-bridging activity of the MRE11-RAD50 complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 695:149464. [PMID: 38217957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) can be detrimental to the cell and need to be efficiently repaired. A first step in DSB repair is to bring the free ends in close proximity to enable ligation by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), while the more precise, but less available, repair by homologous recombination (HR) requires close proximity of a sister chromatid. The human MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex, Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 (MRX) in yeast, is involved in both repair pathways. Here we use nanofluidic channels to study, on the single DNA molecule level, how MRN, MRX and their constituents interact with long DNA and promote DNA bridging. Nanofluidics is a suitable method to study reactions on DNA ends since no anchoring of the DNA end(s) is required. We demonstrate that NBS1 and Xrs2 play important, but differing, roles in the DNA tethering by MRN and MRX. NBS1 promotes DNA bridging by MRN consistent with tethering of a repair template. MRX shows a "synapsis-like" DNA end-bridging, stimulated by the Xrs2 subunit. Our results highlight the different ways MRN and MRX bridge DNA, and the results are in agreement with their key roles in HR and NHEJ, respectively, and contribute to the understanding of the roles of NBS1 and Xrs2 in DSB repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Möller
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE, 41296, Sweden
| | - Rajhans Sharma
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE, 41296, Sweden
| | - Robin Öz
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE, 41296, Sweden
| | - Giordano Reginato
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universitá della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, CH 6500, Switzerland
| | - Elda Cannavo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universitá della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, CH 6500, Switzerland
| | - Ilaria Ceppi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universitá della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, CH 6500, Switzerland
| | - K K Sriram
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE, 41296, Sweden
| | - Petr Cejka
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universitá della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, CH 6500, Switzerland; Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fredrik Westerlund
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE, 41296, Sweden.
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Shen M, Zhang Y, Wu F, Shen M, Zhang S, Guo Y, Gan J, Wang R. Knockdown of hCINAP sensitizes colorectal cancer cells to ionizing radiation. Cell Cycle 2024; 23:233-247. [PMID: 38551450 PMCID: PMC11057657 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2024.2309015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a significant challenge in terms of treatment due to the prevalence of radiotherapy resistance. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for radio-resistance in CRC have not been thoroughly explored. This study aimed to shed light on the role of human coilin interacting nuclear ATPase protein (hCINAP) in radiation-resistant HT-29 and SW480 CRC cells (HT-29-IR and SW480-IR) and investigate its potential implications. Firstly, radiation-resistant CRC cell lines were established by subjecting HT-29 and SW480 cells to sequential radiation exposure. Subsequent analysis revealed a notable increase in hCINAP expression in radiation-resistant CRC cells. To elucidate the functional role of hCINAP in radio-resistance, knockdown experiments were conducted. Remarkably, knockdown of hCINAP resulted in an elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation upon radiation treatment and subsequent activation of apoptosis mediated by mitochondria. These observations indicate that hCINAP depletion enhances the radiosensitivity of CRC cells. Conversely, when hCINAP was overexpressed, it was found to enhance the radio-resistance of CRC cells. This suggests that elevated hCINAP expression contributes to the development of radio-resistance. Further investigation revealed an interaction between hCINAP and ATPase family AAA domain containing 3A (ATAD3A). Importantly, ATAD3A was identified as an essential factor in hCINAP-mediated radio-resistance. These findings establish the involvement of hCINAP and its interaction with ATAD3A in the regulation of radio-resistance in CRC cells. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that upregulating hCINAP expression may improve the survival of radiation-exposed CRC cells. Understanding the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying hCINAP function holds promise for potential strategies in targeted radiation therapy for CRC. These findings emphasize the importance of further research to gain a comprehensive understanding of hCINAP's precise molecular mechanisms and explore its potential as a therapeutic target in overcoming radio-resistance in CRC. By unraveling the complexities of hCINAP and its interactions, novel therapeutic approaches may be developed to enhance the efficacy of radiation therapy and improve outcomes for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhu Shen
- Department of Radiotheraphy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Radiotheraphy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Radiotheraphy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Meizhen Shen
- Department of Radiotheraphy, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yun Guo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jialiang Gan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Rensheng Wang
- Department of Radiotheraphy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Sutcu HH, Rassinoux P, Donnio LM, Neuillet D, Vianna F, Gabillot O, Mari PO, Baldeyron C, Giglia-Mari G. Decline of DNA damage response along with myogenic differentiation. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302279. [PMID: 37993260 PMCID: PMC10665522 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA integrity is incessantly confronted to agents inducing DNA lesions. All organisms are equipped with a network of DNA damage response mechanisms that will repair DNA lesions and restore proper cellular activities. Despite DNA repair mechanisms have been revealed in replicating cells, still little is known about how DNA lesions are repaired in postmitotic cells. Muscle fibers are highly specialized postmitotic cells organized in syncytia and they are vulnerable to age-related degeneration and atrophy after radiotherapy treatment. We have studied the DNA repair capacity of muscle fiber nuclei and compared it with the one measured in proliferative myoblasts here. We focused on the DNA repair mechanisms that correct ionizing radiation (IR)-induced lesions, namely the base excision repair, the nonhomologous end joining, and the homologous recombination (HR). We found that in the most differentiated myogenic cells, myotubes, these DNA repair mechanisms present weakened kinetics of recruitment of DNA repair proteins to IR-damaged DNA. For base excision repair and HR, this decline can be linked to reduced steady-state levels of key proteins involved in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haser H Sutcu
- https://ror.org/01ha22c77 Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE/SERAMED/LRAcc, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Phoebe Rassinoux
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle (INMG-PGNM) CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Lise-Marie Donnio
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle (INMG-PGNM) CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Damien Neuillet
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle (INMG-PGNM) CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - François Vianna
- https://ror.org/01ha22c77 Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LMDN, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Olivier Gabillot
- https://ror.org/01ha22c77 Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE/SERAMED/LRAcc, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Mari
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle (INMG-PGNM) CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Céline Baldeyron
- https://ror.org/01ha22c77 Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE/SERAMED/LRAcc, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Giuseppina Giglia-Mari
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle (INMG-PGNM) CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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Robeska E, Lalanne K, Vianna F, Sutcu HH, Khobta A, Busso D, Radicella JP, Campalans A, Baldeyron C. Targeted nuclear irradiation with a proton microbeam induces oxidative DNA base damage and triggers the recruitment of DNA glycosylases OGG1 and NTH1. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 133:103610. [PMID: 38101146 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
DNA is the major target of radiation therapy of malignant tumors. Ionizing radiation (IR) induces a variety of DNA lesions, including chemically modified bases and strand breaks. The use of proton beam therapy for cancer treatment is ramping up, as it is expected to reduce normal tissue damage. Thus, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of recognition, signaling, and repair of DNA damage induced by protons in the perspective of assessing not only the risk associated with human exposure to IR but also the possibility to improve the efficacy of therapy. Here, we used targeted irradiation of nuclear regions of living cells with controlled number of protons at a high spatio-temporal resolution to detect the induced base lesions and characterize the recruitment kinetics of the specific DNA glycosylases to DNA damage sites. We show that localized irradiation with 4 MeV protons induces, in addition to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), the oxidized bases 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) and thymine glycol (TG) at the site of irradiation. Consistently, the DNA glycosylases OGG1 and NTH1, capable of excising 8-oxoG and TG, respectively, and initiating the base excision repair (BER) pathway, are recruited to the site of damage. To our knowledge, this is the first direct evidence indicating that proton microbeams induce oxidative base damage, and thus implicating BER in the repair of DNA lesions induced by protons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Robeska
- Université Paris-Saclay, iRCM/IBFJ, CEA, Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris Cité, iRCM/IBFJ, CEA, Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Kévin Lalanne
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LMDN, Cadarache, F-13115 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - François Vianna
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LMDN, Cadarache, F-13115 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Haser Hasan Sutcu
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE/SERAMED/LRAcc, F-92262 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Andriy Khobta
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Didier Busso
- Université Paris Cité et Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, iRCM/IBFJ, Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - J Pablo Radicella
- Université Paris-Saclay, iRCM/IBFJ, CEA, Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris Cité, iRCM/IBFJ, CEA, Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anna Campalans
- Université Paris-Saclay, iRCM/IBFJ, CEA, Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris Cité, iRCM/IBFJ, CEA, Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Céline Baldeyron
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE/SERAMED/LRAcc, F-92262 Fontenay aux Roses, France.
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Nybakken L, Lee Y, Brede DA, Mageroy MH, Lind OC, Salbu B, Kashparov V, Olsen JE. Long term effects of ionising radiation in the Chernobyl Exclusion zone on DNA integrity and chemical defence systems of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166844. [PMID: 37689207 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP) accident in 1986 resulted in extremely high levels of acute ionising radiation, that killed or damaged Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) trees in the surrounding areas. Dead trees were cleared and buried, and new plantations established a few years later. Today, more than three decades later, gamma and beta-radiation near the ChNPP is still elevated compared with ambient levels but have decreased by a factor of 300 and 100, respectively. In the present work, Scots pine-trees growing at High (220 μGy h-1), Medium (11 μGy h-1), and Low (0.2 μGy h-1) total (internal + external) dose rates of chronically elevated ionising radiation in the Chernobyl Exclusion zone were investigated with respect to possible damage to DNA, cells and organelles, as well as potentially increased levels of phenolic and terpenoid antioxidants. Scots pine from the High and Medium radiation sites had elevated levels of DNA damage in shoot tips and needles as shown by the COMET assay, as well as increased numbers of resin ducts and subcellular abnormalities in needles. Needles from the High radiation site showed elevated levels of monoterpenes and condensed tannins compared with those from the other sites. In conclusion, more than three decades after the ChNPP accident substantial DNA damage and (sub)cellular effects, but also mobilisation of stress-protective substances possessing antioxidant activity were observed in Scots pine trees growing at elevated levels of ionising radiation. This demonstrates that the radiation levels in the Red Forest still significantly impact the plant community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Nybakken
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - YeonKyeong Lee
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; Korea University Graduate School, Department of Plant Biotechnology, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-ku, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dag A Brede
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Melissa H Mageroy
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Ole Christian Lind
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Brit Salbu
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Valery Kashparov
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology (UIAR) of National University of Life and Environment Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Jorunn E Olsen
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
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Zimmermann M, Gerken LRH, Wee S, Kissling VM, Neuer AL, Tsolaki E, Gogos A, Lukatskaya MR, Herrmann IK. X-ray radio-enhancement by Ti 3C 2T x MXenes in soft tissue sarcoma. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7826-7837. [PMID: 37878039 PMCID: PMC10697419 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00607g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a cornerstone of cancer treatment. However, due to the low tissue specificity of ionizing radiation, damage to the surrounding healthy tissue of the tumor remains a significant challenge. In recent years, radio-enhancers based on inorganic nanomaterials have gained considerable interest. Beyond the widely explored metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, 2D materials, such as MXenes, could present potential benefits because of their inherently large specific surface area. In this study, we highlight the promising radio-enhancement properties of Ti3C2Tx MXenes. We demonstrate that atomically thin layers of titanium carbides (Ti3C2Tx MXenes) are efficiently internalized and well-tolerated by mammalian cells. Contrary to MXenes suspended in aqueous buffers, which fully oxidize within days, yielding rice-grain shaped rutile nanoparticles, the MXenes internalized by cells oxidize at a slower rate. This is consistent with cell-free experiments that have shown slower oxidation rates in cell media and lysosomal buffers compared to dispersants without antioxidants. Importantly, the MXenes exhibit robust radio-enhancement properties, with dose enhancement factors reaching up to 2.5 in human soft tissue sarcoma cells, while showing no toxicity to healthy human fibroblasts. When compared to oxidized MXenes and commercial titanium dioxide nanoparticles, the intact 2D titanium carbide flakes display superior radio-enhancement properties. In summary, our findings offer evidence for the potent radio-enhancement capabilities of Ti3C2Tx MXenes, marking them as a promising candidate for enhancing radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Zimmermann
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lukas R H Gerken
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Shianlin Wee
- Electrochemical Energy Systems Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vera M Kissling
- Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Anna L Neuer
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Elena Tsolaki
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Gogos
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Maria R Lukatskaya
- Electrochemical Energy Systems Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Inge K Herrmann
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St Gallen, Switzerland
- The Ingenuity Lab, University Hospital Balgrist, Balgrist Campus, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 71, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
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Becker A, Krebs‐Brown A, Vetter C, Reuter T, Rodriguez‐Gutierrez A, You X, Lissy M. Phase I crossover study of DNA-protein kinase inhibitor peposertib in healthy volunteers: Effect of food and pharmacokinetics of an oral suspension. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:2628-2639. [PMID: 37905356 PMCID: PMC10719468 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Peposertib is an orally administered inhibitor of DNA-dependent protein kinase. We evaluated the effect of food on its pharmacokinetics, and examined the pharmacokinetics of an oral suspension (OS) of disintegrated tablets, in a phase I, open-label, crossover three-period study (NCT04702698). Twelve healthy volunteers were randomized to one of six treatment sequences. They received a single dose of peposertib 100 mg as film-coated tablets under fasted or fed conditions ("tablet fasted" or "tablet fed") or as an OS under fasted conditions ("OS fasted"), with washout between treatments. Using healthy volunteers was possible because, despite its mechanism of action being suppression of DNA repair, peposertib has shown no genotoxic effect in animals. A mild food effect was observed with peposertib tablets. Fed-to-fasted ratios were: area under the curve from time 0 to time t (AUC0-t ), 123.81% (90% confidence interval [CI]: 108.04, 141.87%); AUC from zero to infinity (AUC0-∞ ), 110.28% (90% CI 100.71, 120.77%); and maximum concentration (Cmax ) 104.47% (90% CI: 79.15, 137.90%). Cmax was delayed under fed conditions (median time to maximum concentration [Tmax ] was 3.5 h [tablet fed] vs. 1 h [tablet fasted]). OS-to-tablet (fasted) ratios were: AUC0-t , 124.83% (90% CI: 111.50%, 139.76%); AUC0-∞ , 119.05% (90% CI: 104.47, 135.67%); and Cmax 173.29% (90% CI: 135.78, 221.16%). Median Tmax was 0.5 h (OS fasted) versus 1 h (tablet). All treatments were well-tolerated in healthy volunteers. Peposertib tablets can be taken with or without food; if combined with chemotherapy or radiotherapy, the delay in Cmax must be considered to optimize the chemo- or radiosensitizing effect. The peposertib OS form represents an alternative route of administration in patients with specific cancers causing dysphagia. However, the OS form should be part of future dose optimization strategies in relevant settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tanja Reuter
- The healthcare business of Merck KGaADarmstadtGermany
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Zhao S, Yu N, Wang H, Wan Z, Diao C, Chen Y, Liu T, Yang Y, Gao F, Bai C, Cao K, Cai J. Long non-coding RNA PANDAR promoted radiation and cisplatin-induced DNA damage repair through ATR/CHK1 in NSCLC. J Gene Med 2023; 25:e3565. [PMID: 37460393 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA-damaging agents, including radiation and platinum-based chemotherapy, are indispensable treatments for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, cancer cells tend to be resistant to both radiation and chemotherapy, thus resulting in treatment failure or recurrence. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect and mechanism of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) PANDAR (promoter of CDKN1A antisense DNA damage-activated RNA) on NSCLC sensitivity to radiation and chemotherapy. METHODS Cell counting kit (CCK-8), colony formation and flow cytometry were respectively performed to determine the cell cycle and apoptosis of NSCLC cells treated with γ-ray radiation and cisplatin. The extent of DNA damage was evaluated using a comet assay and immunofluorescence staining against γH2AX. In addition, we explored the role of PANDAR in DNA damage response pathways through western blot analysis. Finally, a nude mouse subcutaneous xenograft model was established to assess the sensitivity to radiation and chemotherapy in vivo. RESULTS In cell experiments, PANDAR knockdown can increase the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to radiation and cisplatin. The CCK-8 results showed that cell viability was significantly increased in the overexpression group after radiation and cisplatin treatments. The overexpression group also showed more colonies, less apoptosis and DNA damage, and G2/M phase arrest was aggravated to provide the time necessary for DNA repair. Contrary to PANDAR overexpression, the trends were reversed in the PANDAR knockdown group. Furthermore, PANDAR knockdown inhibited radiation and cisplatin-activated phosphorylation levels of ATR and CHK1 in NSCLC cells. Finally, our in vivo model showed that targeting PANDAR significantly sensitized NSCLC to radiation and cisplatin. CONCLUSION Our study showed that PANDAR knockdown promoted sensitivity to radiation and cisplatin in NSCLC by regulating the ATR/CHK1 pathway, thus providing a novel understanding as well as a therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment. In NSCLC cells, lncRNA PANDAR negatively regulates sensitivity to radiation and cisplatin. PANDAR can promote the repair of radiation and cisplatin-induced DNA damage and activation of the G2/M checkpoint through the ATR/CHK1 pathway. PANDAR knockdown results in defects in DNA damage repair accompanied by more cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyun Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Sanya, China
| | - Nanxi Yu
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hang Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijie Wan
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyue Diao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changhai Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- South Zhejiang Institute of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Technology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyong Yang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu Gao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Bai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Cao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Cai
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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46
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Buglewicz DJ, Buglewicz JKF, Hirakawa H, Kato TA, Liu C, Fang Y, Kusumoto T, Fujimori A, Sai S. The impact of DNA double-strand break repair pathways throughout the carbon ion spread-out Bragg peak beam. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:4548-4557. [PMID: 37786999 PMCID: PMC10727999 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Following carbon ion beam irradiation in mammalian cells, such as used in carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT), it has been suggested that the balance between whether nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR) is utilized depends on the DNA double-strand break (DSB) complexity. Here, we quantified DSB distribution and identified the importance of each DSB repair pathway at increasing depths within the carbon ion spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) beam range. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines were irradiated in a single biological system capable of incorporating the full carbon ion SOBP beam range. Cytotoxicity and DSB distribution/repair kinetics were examined at increasing beam depths using cell survival as an endpoint and γ-H2AX as a surrogate marker for DSBs. We observed that proximal SOBP had the highest number of total foci/cell and lowest survival, while distal SOBP had the most dense tracks. Both NHEJ- and HR-deficient CHO cells portrayed an increase in radiosensitivity throughout the full carbon beam range, although NHEJ-deficient cells were the most radiosensitive cell line from beam entrance up to proximal SOBP and demonstrated a dose-dependent decrease in ability to repair DSBs. In contrast, HR-deficient cells had the greatest ratio of survival fraction at entrance depth to the lowest survival fraction within the SOBP and demonstrated a linear energy transfer (LET)-dependent decrease in ability to repair DSBs. Collectively, our results provide insight into treatment planning and potential targets to inhibit, as HR was a more beneficial pathway to inhibit than NHEJ to enhance the cell killing effect of CIRT in targeted tumor cells within the SOBP while maintaining limited unwanted damage to surrounding healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J. Buglewicz
- Department of Charged Particle Therapy ResearchInstitute of Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes of Quantum Science and Technology (QST)ChibaJapan
| | | | - Hirokazu Hirakawa
- Department of Charged Particle Therapy ResearchInstitute of Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes of Quantum Science and Technology (QST)ChibaJapan
| | - Takamitsu A. Kato
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Cuihua Liu
- Department of Charged Particle Therapy ResearchInstitute of Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes of Quantum Science and Technology (QST)ChibaJapan
| | - YaQun Fang
- Department of Charged Particle Therapy ResearchInstitute of Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes of Quantum Science and Technology (QST)ChibaJapan
| | - Tamon Kusumoto
- Department of Radiation Measurement and Dose Assessment, Institute of Radiological SciencesNational Institutes of Quantum Science and Technology (QST)ChibaJapan
| | - Akira Fujimori
- Department of Charged Particle Therapy ResearchInstitute of Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes of Quantum Science and Technology (QST)ChibaJapan
| | - Sei Sai
- Department of Charged Particle Therapy ResearchInstitute of Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes of Quantum Science and Technology (QST)ChibaJapan
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47
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Hill RM, Fok M, Grundy G, Parsons JL, Rocha S. The role of autophagy in hypoxia-induced radioresistance. Radiother Oncol 2023; 189:109951. [PMID: 37838322 PMCID: PMC11046710 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a widely used treatment modality against cancer, and although survival rates are increasing, radioresistant properties of tumours remain a significant barrier for curative treatment. Tumour hypoxia is one of the main contributors to radioresistance and is common in most solid tumours. Hypoxia is responsible for many molecular changes within the cell which helps tumours to survive under such challenging conditions. These hypoxia-induced molecular changes are predominantly coordinated by the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) and have been linked with the ability to confer resistance to radiation-induced cell death. To overcome this obstacle research has been directed towards autophagy, a cellular process involved in self degradation and recycling of macromolecules, as HIF plays a large role in its coordination under hypoxic conditions. The role that autophagy has following radiotherapy treatment is conflicted with evidence of both cytoprotective and cytotoxic effects. This literature review aims to explore the intricate relationship between radiotherapy, hypoxia, and autophagy in the context of cancer treatment. It provides valuable insights into the potential of targeting autophagy as a therapeutic strategy to improve the response of hypoxic tumours to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhianna Mae Hill
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Matthew Fok
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Gabrielle Grundy
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Jason Luke Parsons
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
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48
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Dahl H, Ballangby J, Tengs T, Wojewodzic MW, Eide DM, Brede DA, Graupner A, Duale N, Olsen AK. Dose rate dependent reduction in chromatin accessibility at transcriptional start sites long time after exposure to gamma radiation. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2193936. [PMID: 36972203 PMCID: PMC10054331 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2193936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) impact cellular and molecular processes that require chromatin remodelling relevant for cellular integrity. However, the cellular implications of ionizing radiation (IR) delivered per time unit (dose rate) are still debated. This study investigates whether the dose rate is relevant for inflicting changes to the epigenome, represented by chromatin accessibility, or whether it is the total dose that is decisive. CBA/CaOlaHsd mice were whole-body exposed to either chronic low dose rate (2.5 mGy/h for 54 d) or the higher dose rates (10 mGy/h for 14 d and 100 mGy/h for 30 h) of gamma radiation (60Co, total dose: 3 Gy). Chromatin accessibility was analysed in liver tissue samples using Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-Seq), both one day after and over three months post-radiation (>100 d). The results show that the dose rate contributes to radiation-induced epigenomic changes in the liver at both sampling timepoints. Interestingly, chronic low dose rate exposure to a high total dose (3 Gy) did not inflict long-term changes to the epigenome. In contrast to the acute high dose rate given to the same total dose, reduced accessibility at transcriptional start sites (TSS) was identified in genes relevant for the DNA damage response and transcriptional activity. Our findings link dose rate to essential biological mechanisms that could be relevant for understanding long-term changes after ionizing radiation exposure. However, future studies are needed to comprehend the biological consequence of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hildegunn Dahl
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radiation (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Jarle Ballangby
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radiation (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Torstein Tengs
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radiation (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
- Division for Aquaculture, Department of breeding and genetics, Nofima, Ås, Norway
| | - Marcin W. Wojewodzic
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radiation (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
- Department of Research, Section Molecular Epidemiology and Infections, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag M. Eide
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radiation (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Dag Anders Brede
- Centre for Environmental Radiation (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Anne Graupner
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radiation (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Nur Duale
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radiation (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Ann-Karin Olsen
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radiation (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
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49
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Coll RP, Bright SJ, Martinus DKJ, Georgiou DK, Sawakuchi GO, Manning HC. Alpha Particle-Emitting Radiopharmaceuticals as Cancer Therapy: Biological Basis, Current Status, and Future Outlook for Therapeutics Discovery. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:991-1019. [PMID: 37845582 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-023-01857-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Critical advances in radionuclide therapy have led to encouraging new options for cancer treatment through the pairing of clinically useful radiation-emitting radionuclides and innovative pharmaceutical discovery. Of the various subatomic particles used in therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals, alpha (α) particles show great promise owing to their relatively large size, delivered energy, finite pathlength, and resulting ionization density. This review discusses the therapeutic benefits of α-emitting radiopharmaceuticals and their pairing with appropriate diagnostics, resulting in innovative "theranostic" platforms. Herein, the current landscape of α particle-emitting radionuclides is described with an emphasis on their use in theranostic development for cancer treatment. Commonly studied radionuclides are introduced and recent efforts towards their production for research and clinical use are described. The growing popularity of these radionuclides is explained through summarizing the biological effects of α radiation on cancer cells, which include DNA damage, activation of discrete cell death programs, and downstream immune responses. Examples of efficient α-theranostic design are described with an emphasis on strategies that lead to cellular internalization and the targeting of proteins involved in therapeutic resistance. Historical barriers to the clinical deployment of α-theranostic radiopharmaceuticals are also discussed. Recent progress towards addressing these challenges is presented along with examples of incorporating α-particle therapy in pharmaceutical platforms that can be easily converted into diagnostic counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Coll
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Rd, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Scott J Bright
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6565 MD Anderson Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David K J Martinus
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6565 MD Anderson Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dimitra K Georgiou
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Rd, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Gabriel O Sawakuchi
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6565 MD Anderson Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - H Charles Manning
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Rd, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
- Cyclotron Radiochemistry Facility, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Rd, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
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50
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Nicolas E, Simion P, Guérineau M, Terwagne M, Colinet M, Virgo J, Lingurski M, Boutsen A, Dieu M, Hallet B, Van Doninck K. Horizontal acquisition of a DNA ligase improves DNA damage tolerance in eukaryotes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7638. [PMID: 37993452 PMCID: PMC10665377 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bdelloid rotifers are part of the restricted circle of multicellular animals that can withstand a wide range of genotoxic stresses at any stage of their life cycle. In this study, bdelloid rotifer Adineta vaga is used as a model to decipher the molecular basis of their extreme tolerance. Proteomic analysis shows that a specific DNA ligase, different from those usually involved in DNA repair in eukaryotes, is strongly over-represented upon ionizing radiation. A phylogenetic analysis reveals its orthology to prokaryotic DNA ligase E, and its horizontal acquisition by bdelloid rotifers and plausibly other eukaryotes. The fungus Mortierella verticillata, having a single copy of this DNA Ligase E homolog, also exhibits an increased radiation tolerance with an over-expression of this DNA ligase E following X-ray exposure. We also provide evidence that A. vaga ligase E is a major contributor of DNA breaks ligation activity, which is a common step of all important DNA repair pathways. Consistently, its heterologous expression in human cell lines significantly improves their radio-tolerance. Overall, this study highlights the potential of horizontal gene transfers in eukaryotes, and their contribution to the adaptation to extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilien Nicolas
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Molecular Biology and Evolution, Brussels, 1050, Belgium.
| | - Paul Simion
- Université de Namur, Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics and Ecology, Namur, 5000, Belgium
- Université de Rennes, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution (ECOBIO UMR 6553), CNRS, Rennes, France
| | - Marc Guérineau
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Molecular Biology and Evolution, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Terwagne
- Université de Namur, Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics and Ecology, Namur, 5000, Belgium
| | - Mathilde Colinet
- Université de Namur, Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics and Ecology, Namur, 5000, Belgium
| | - Julie Virgo
- Université de Namur, Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics and Ecology, Namur, 5000, Belgium
| | - Maxime Lingurski
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Molecular Biology and Evolution, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Anaïs Boutsen
- Université de Namur, Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics and Ecology, Namur, 5000, Belgium
| | - Marc Dieu
- Université de Namur, MaSUN-mass spectrometry facility, Namur, 5000, Belgium
| | - Bernard Hallet
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium.
| | - Karine Van Doninck
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Molecular Biology and Evolution, Brussels, 1050, Belgium.
- Université de Namur, Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics and Ecology, Namur, 5000, Belgium.
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