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Chen X, Tao X, Wang M, Cannon RD, Chen B, Yu X, Qi H, Saffery R, Baker PN, Zhou X, Han TL, Zhang H. Circulating extracellular vesicle-derived miR-1299 disrupts hepatic glucose homeostasis by targeting the STAT3/FAM3A axis in gestational diabetes mellitus. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:509. [PMID: 39182087 PMCID: PMC11344378 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02766-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed structures containing lipids, proteins, and RNAs that play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication. However, the precise mechanism through which circulating EVs disrupt hepatic glucose homeostasis in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains unclear. RESULTS Circulating EVs isolated from human plasma were co-cultured with mammalian liver cells to investigate the potential induction of hepatic insulin resistance by GDM-EVs using glucose output assays, Seahorse assays, metabolomics, fluxomics, qRT-PCR, bioinformatics analyses, and luciferase assays. Our findings demonstrated that hepatocytes exposed to GDM-EVs exhibited increased gluconeogenesis, attenuated energy metabolism, and upregulated oxidative stress. Particularly noteworthy was the discovery of miR-1299 as the predominant miRNA in GDM-EVs, which directly targeting the 3'-untranslated regions (UTR) of STAT3. Our experiments involving loss- and gain-of-function revealed that miR-1299 inhibits the insulin signaling pathway by regulating the STAT3/FAM3A axis, resulting in increased insulin resistance through the modulation of mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in hepatocytes. Moreover, experiments conducted in vivo on mice inoculated with GDM-EVs confirmed the development of glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and downregulation of STAT3 and FAM3A. CONCLUSIONS These results provide insights into the role of miR-1299 derived from circulating GDM-EVs in the progression of insulin resistance in hepatic cells via the STAT3/FAM3A axis and downstream metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyi Tao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Richard D Cannon
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Bingnan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyang Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Richard Saffery
- Molecular Immunity, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Philip N Baker
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Ting-Li Han
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Bruce K, Garrido AN, Zhang SY, Lam TKT. Regulation of Energy and Glucose Homeostasis by the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract and the Area Postrema. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2024; 39:559-568. [PMID: 39086274 PMCID: PMC11377841 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2024.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system regulates feeding, weight and glucose homeostasis in rodents and humans, but the site-specific mechanisms remain unclear. The dorsal vagal complex in the brainstem that contains the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and area postrema (AP) emerges as a regulatory center that impacts energy and glucose balance by monitoring hormonal and nutrient changes. However, the specific mechanistic metabolic roles of the NTS and AP remain elusive. This mini-review highlights methods to study their distinct roles and recent findings on their metabolic differences and similarities of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) action and glucose sensing in the NTS and AP. In summary, future research aims to characterize hormonal and glucose sensing mechanisms in the AP and/or NTS carries potential to unveil novel targets that lower weight and glucose levels in obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla Bruce
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ameth N Garrido
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Song-Yang Zhang
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tony K T Lam
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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3
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Tipton AE, Del Angel YC, Hixson K, Carlsen J, Strode D, Busquet N, Mesches MH, Gonzalez MI, Napoli E, Russek SJ, Brooks-Kayal AR. Selective Neuronal Knockout of STAT3 Function Inhibits Epilepsy Progression, Improves Cognition, and Restores Dysregulated Gene Networks in a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Model. Ann Neurol 2023; 94:106-122. [PMID: 36935347 PMCID: PMC10313781 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a progressive disorder mediated by pathological changes in molecular cascades and hippocampal neural circuit remodeling that results in spontaneous seizures and cognitive dysfunction. Targeting these cascades may provide disease-modifying treatments for TLE patients. Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) inhibitors have emerged as potential disease-modifying therapies; a more detailed understanding of JAK/STAT participation in epileptogenic responses is required, however, to increase the therapeutic efficacy and reduce adverse effects associated with global inhibition. METHODS We developed a mouse line in which tamoxifen treatment conditionally abolishes STAT3 signaling from forebrain excitatory neurons (nSTAT3KO). Seizure frequency (continuous in vivo electroencephalography) and memory (contextual fear conditioning and motor learning) were analyzed in wild-type and nSTAT3KO mice after intrahippocampal kainate (IHKA) injection as a model of TLE. Hippocampal RNA was obtained 24 h after IHKA and subjected to deep sequencing. RESULTS Selective STAT3 knock-out in excitatory neurons reduced seizure progression and hippocampal memory deficits without reducing the extent of cell death or mossy fiber sprouting induced by IHKA injection. Gene expression was rescued in major networks associated with response to brain injury, neuronal plasticity, and learning and memory. We also provide the first evidence that neuronal STAT3 may directly influence brain inflammation. INTERPRETATION Inhibiting neuronal STAT3 signaling improved outcomes in an animal model of TLE, prevented progression of seizures and cognitive co-morbidities while rescuing pathogenic changes in gene expression of major networks associated with epileptogenesis. Specifically targeting neuronal STAT3 may be an effective disease-modifying strategy for TLE. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:106-122.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E. Tipton
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yasmin Cruz Del Angel
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn Hixson
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Carlsen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dana Strode
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nicolas Busquet
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael H. Mesches
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marco I. Gonzalez
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Eleonora Napoli
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Shelley J. Russek
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy R. Brooks-Kayal
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
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4
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Nozari Y, Park C, Brietzke E, Iacobucci M, Gill H, McIntyre RS. Correlation between improved leptin signaling and cognitive function post bariatric surgery. J Affect Disord 2023; 326:225-231. [PMID: 36736790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Determining whether changes in leptin signaling plays a role in the improvement of cognitive function post-bariatric surgery may aid in the understanding and development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting cognitive dysfunction through the greater understanding of processes connecting obesity and brain health. Several studies have explored the effects of cognition post bariatric surgery, and others have studied leptin and its changes post surgery. However the amalgamation of the effects of leptin signaling in relation to cognition post bariatric surgery have yet to be considered as key tools in the understanding of cognitive dysfunction in obese subjects with leptin resistance or insensitivity. This review serves to highlight the potential correlations, to further elucidate the effect of improved leptin signaling on cognition post bariatric surgery, and to propose a direct cause for the improvement of cognitive function via the amelioration of the leptin Janus kinase/Signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway as a result of the reversal of inflammatory processes involved in diseased individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nozari
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto HBSc, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - C Park
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto MSc, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - E Brietzke
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, ON, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience Studies (CNS), Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - M Iacobucci
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto HBSc, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - H Gill
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
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5
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Gu M, Feng Y, Chen Y, Fan S, Huang C. Deoxyschizandrin ameliorates obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Involvement of dual Farnesyl X receptor/G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 activation and leptin sensitization. Phytother Res 2023. [PMID: 36809683 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Natural dual farnesyl X receptor (FXR)/G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (TGR5) activators have received little attention in the management of metabolic diseases. Deoxyschizandrin (DS), a natural lignan, occurs in S. chinensis fruit and has potent hepatoprotective effects, whereas its protective roles and mechanisms against obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are largely elusive. Here, we identified DS as a dual FXR/TGR5 agonist using luciferase reporter and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) assays. DS was orally or intracerebroventricularly administrated to high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice, and methionine and choline-deficient L-amino acid diet (MCD diet)-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis to evaluate its protective effects. Exogenous leptin treatment was employed to investigate the sensitization effect of DS on leptin. The molecular mechanism of DS was explored by Western blot, quantitative real-time PCR analysis, and ELISA. The results showed that DS activated FXR/TGR5 signaling and effectively reduced NAFLD in DIO and MCD diet-fed mice. DS countered obesity in DIO mice by promoting anorexia and energy expenditure and reversing leptin resistance, involving both peripheral and central TGR5 activation and leptin sensitization. Our findings indicate that DS may be a novel therapeutic approach for alleviating obesity and NAFLD through regulating FXR and TGR5 activities and leptin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Gu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaru Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujun Chen
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengjie Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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6
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Zhou Q, Liu C, Chen T, Liu Y, Cao R, Ni X, Yang WZ, Shen Q, Sun H, Shen WL. Cooling-activated dorsomedial hypothalamic BDNF neurons control cold defense in mice. J Neurochem 2022; 163:220-232. [PMID: 35862478 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BDNF and its expressing neurons in the brain critically control feeding and energy expenditure (EE) in both rodents and humans. However, whether BDNF neurons would function in thermoregulation during temperature challenges is unclear. Here, we show that BDNF neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMHBDNF ) of mice are activated by afferent cooling signals. These cooling-activated BDNF neurons are mainly GABAergic. Activation of DMHBDNF neurons or the GABAergic subpopulations is sufficient to increase body temperature, EE, and physical activity. Conversely, blocking DMHBDNF neurons substantially impairs cold defense and reduces energy expenditure, physical activity, and UCP1 expression in BAT, which eventually results in bodyweight gain and glucose/insulin intolerance. Therefore, we identify a subset of DMHBDNF neurons as a novel type of cooling-activated neurons to promote cold defense. Thus, we reveal a critical role of BDNF circuitry in thermoregulation, which deepens our understanding of BDNF in controlling energy homeostasis and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhao Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren Cao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyan Ni
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Z Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei L Shen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Signaling pathways in obesity: mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:298. [PMID: 36031641 PMCID: PMC9420733 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex, chronic disease and global public health challenge. Characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the body, obesity sharply increases the risk of several diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and is linked to lower life expectancy. Although lifestyle intervention (diet and exercise) has remarkable effects on weight management, achieving long-term success at weight loss is extremely challenging, and the prevalence of obesity continues to rise worldwide. Over the past decades, the pathophysiology of obesity has been extensively investigated, and an increasing number of signal transduction pathways have been implicated in obesity, making it possible to fight obesity in a more effective and precise way. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the pathogenesis of obesity from both experimental and clinical studies, focusing on signaling pathways and their roles in the regulation of food intake, glucose homeostasis, adipogenesis, thermogenesis, and chronic inflammation. We also discuss the current anti-obesity drugs, as well as weight loss compounds in clinical trials, that target these signals. The evolving knowledge of signaling transduction may shed light on the future direction of obesity research, as we move into a new era of precision medicine.
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Xu S, Ye B, Li J, Dou Y, Yu Y, Feng Y, Wang L, Wan DCC, Rong X. Astragalus mongholicus powder, a traditional Chinese medicine formula ameliorate type 2 diabetes by regulating adipoinsular axis in diabetic mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:973927. [PMID: 36046814 PMCID: PMC9420938 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.973927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The global morbidity of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has dramatically increased. Insulin resistance is the most important pathogenesis and therapeutic target of T2DM. The traditional Chinese medicine formula Astragalus mongholicus powder (APF), consists of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge [Fabaceae], Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. [Fabaceae], and Morus alba L. [Moraceae] has a long history to be used to treat diabetes in ancient China. This work aims to investigate the effects of APF on diabetic mice and its underlying mechanism. Diabetic mice were induced by High-fat-diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ). The body weight of mice and their plasma levels of glucose, insulin, leptin and lipids were examined. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, histology, and Western blot analysis were performed to validate the effects of APF on diabetic mice and investigate the underlying mechanism. APF reduced hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyerleptinemia and attenuate the progression of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, these effects disappeared in leptin deficient ob/ob diabetic mice and STZ-induced insulin deficient type 1 diabetic mice. Destruction of either these hormones would abolish the therapeutic effects of APF. In addition, APF inhibited the protein expression of PTP1B suppressing insulin–leptin sensitivity, the gluconeogenic gene PEPCK, and the adipogenic gene FAS. Therefore, insulin–leptin sensitivity was normalized, and the gluconeogenic and adipogenic genes were suppressed. In conclusion, APF attenuated obesity, NAFLD, and T2DM by regulating the balance of adipoinsular axis in STZ + HFD induced T2DM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bixian Ye
- Department of Nursing, Medical College of Jiaying University, Meizhou, China
| | - Jinlei Li
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghui Dou
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lexun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - David Chi-Cheong Wan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xianglu Rong,
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Huang X, He Q, Zhu H, Fang Z, Che L, Lin Y, Xu S, Zhuo Y, Hua L, Wang J, Zou Y, Huang C, Li L, Xu H, Wu D, Feng B. Hepatic Leptin Signaling Improves Hyperglycemia by Stimulating MAPK Phosphatase-3 Protein Degradation via STAT3. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:983-1001. [PMID: 35863745 PMCID: PMC9490031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Obesity-related hyperglycemia, with hepatic insulin resistance, has become an epidemic disease. Central neural leptin signaling was reported to improve hyperglycemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hepatic leptin signaling on controlling hyperglycemia. METHODS First, the effect of leptin signaling on gluconeogenesis was investigated in primary mouse hepatocytes and hepatoma cells. Second, glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, blood glucose levels, and hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression were analyzed in obese mice overexpressing hepatic OBRb. Third, expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (MKP)-3, phosphorylation level of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, and extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) were analyzed in hepatocytes and mouse liver. Fourth, the role of MKP-3 in hepatic leptin signaling regulating gluconeogenesis was analyzed. Lastly, the role of ERK and STAT3 in the regulation of MKP-3 protein by leptin signaling was analyzed. RESULTS Activation of hepatic leptin signaling suppressed gluconeogenesis in both hepatocytes and obese mouse liver, and improved hyperglycemia, insulin tolerance, and glucose tolerance in obese mice. The protein level of MKP-3, which can promote gluconeogenesis, was decreased by leptin signaling in both hepatocytes and mouse liver. Mkp-3 deficiency abolished the effect of hepatic leptin signaling on suppressing gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes. STAT3 decreased the MKP-3 protein level, while inactivation of STAT3 abolished the effect of leptin signaling on reducing the MKP-3 protein level in hepatocytes. Moreover, STAT3 could combine with MKP-3 and phospho-ERK1/2, which induced the degradation of MKP-3, and leptin signaling enhanced the combination. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic leptin signaling could suppress gluconeogenesis at least partially by decreasing the MKP-3 protein level via STAT3-enhanced MKP-3 and ERK1/2 combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Huang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin He
- Hallett Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island,School of international education, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Heng Zhu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Key Laboratory for Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lun Hua
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lixia Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Hallett Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island,Department of Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts
| | - De Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Hallett Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island,Key Laboratory for Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan, China,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Bin Feng, PhD, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, China. fax: (86) 028-82652669.
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10
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Monteiro LDB, Prodonoff JS, Favero de Aguiar C, Correa-da-Silva F, Castoldi A, Bakker NVT, Davanzo GG, Castelucci B, Pereira JADS, Curtis J, Büscher J, Reis LMD, Castro G, Ribeiro G, Virgílio-da-Silva JV, Adamoski D, Dias SMG, Consonni SR, Donato J, Pearce EJ, Câmara NOS, Moraes-Vieira PM. Leptin Signaling Suppression in Macrophages Improves Immunometabolic Outcomes in Obesity. Diabetes 2022; 71:1546-1561. [PMID: 35377454 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major concern for global health care systems. Systemic low-grade inflammation in obesity is a major risk factor for insulin resistance. Leptin is an adipokine secreted by the adipose tissue that functions by controlling food intake, leading to satiety. Leptin levels are increased in obesity. Here, we show that leptin enhances the effects of LPS in macrophages, intensifying the production of cytokines, glycolytic rates, and morphological and functional changes in the mitochondria through an mTORC2-dependent, mTORC1-independent mechanism. Leptin also boosts the effects of IL-4 in macrophages, leading to increased oxygen consumption, expression of macrophage markers associated with a tissue repair phenotype, and wound healing. In vivo, hyperleptinemia caused by diet-induced obesity increases the inflammatory response by macrophages. Deletion of leptin receptor and subsequently of leptin signaling in myeloid cells (ObR-/-) is sufficient to improve insulin resistance in obese mice and decrease systemic inflammation. Our results indicate that leptin acts as a systemic nutritional checkpoint to regulate macrophage fitness and contributes to obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Thus, specific interventions aimed at downstream modulators of leptin signaling may represent new therapeutic targets to treat obesity-induced systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauar de Brito Monteiro
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Juliana Silveira Prodonoff
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Cristhiane Favero de Aguiar
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Felipe Correa-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Angela Castoldi
- Laboratory Keizo Asami, Immunopathology Laboratory, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Nikki van Teijlingen Bakker
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Gustavo Gastão Davanzo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bianca Castelucci
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Aparecida da Silva Pereira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonathan Curtis
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jörg Büscher
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Larissa Menezes Dos Reis
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gisele Castro
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - João Victor Virgílio-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Douglas Adamoski
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sandra Martha Gomes Dias
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Silvio Roberto Consonni
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Moraes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Kamareddine L, Ghantous CM, Allouch S, Al-Ashmar SA, Anlar G, Kannan S, Djouhri L, Korashy HM, Agouni A, Zeidan A. Between Inflammation and Autophagy: The Role of Leptin-Adiponectin Axis in Cardiac Remodeling. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5349-5365. [PMID: 34703273 PMCID: PMC8528546 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s322231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling is the process by which the heart adapts to stressful stimuli, such as hypertension and ischemia/reperfusion; it ultimately leads to heart failure upon long-term exposure. Autophagy, a cellular catabolic process that was originally considered as a mechanism of cell death in response to detrimental stimuli, is thought to be one of the main mechanisms that controls cardiac remodeling and induces heart failure. Dysregulation of the adipokines leptin and adiponectin, which plays essential roles in lipid and glucose metabolism, and in the pathophysiology of the neuroendocrine and cardiovascular systems, has been shown to affect the autophagic response in the heart and to contribute to accelerate cardiac remodeling. The obesity-associated protein leptin is a pro-inflammatory, tumor-promoting adipocytokine whose elevated levels in obesity are associated with acute cardiovascular events, and obesity-related hypertension. Adiponectin exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects, and its reduced levels in obesity correlate with the pathogenesis of obesity-associated cardiovascular diseases. Leptin- and adiponectin-induced changes in autophagic flux have been linked to cardiac remodeling and heart failure. In this review, we describe the different molecular mechanisms of hyperleptinemia- and hypoadiponectinemia-mediated pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling and the involvement of autophagy in this process. A better understanding of the roles of leptin, adiponectin, and autophagy in cardiac functions and remodeling, and the exact signal transduction pathways by which they contribute to cardiac diseases may well lead to discovery of new therapeutic agents for the treatment of cardiovascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Kamareddine
- Department Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Crystal M Ghantous
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Keserwan, Lebanon
| | - Soumaya Allouch
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sarah A Al-Ashmar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gulsen Anlar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Surya Kannan
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Laiche Djouhri
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hesham M Korashy
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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12
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Perissinotti PP, Martínez-Hernández E, He Y, Koob MD, Piedras-Rentería ES. Genetic Deletion of KLHL1 Leads to Hyperexcitability in Hypothalamic POMC Neurons and Lack of Electrical Responses to Leptin. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:718464. [PMID: 34566565 PMCID: PMC8458657 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.718464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kelch-like 1 (KLHL1) is a neuronal actin-binding protein that modulates voltage-gated calcium channels. The KLHL1 knockout (KO) model displays altered calcium channel expression in various brain regions. We analyzed the electrical behavior of hypothalamic POMC (proopiomelanocortin) neurons and their response to leptin. Leptin's effects on POMC neurons include enhanced gene expression, activation of the ERK1/2 pathway and increased electrical excitability. The latter is initiated by activation of the Jak2-PI3K-PLC pathway, which activates TRPC1/5 (Transient Receptor Potential Cation) channels that in turn recruit T-type channel activity resulting in increased excitability. Here we report over-expression of CaV3.1 T-type channels in the hypothalamus of KLHL1 KO mice increased T-type current density and enhanced POMC neuron basal excitability, rendering them electrically unresponsive to leptin. Electrical sensitivity to leptin was restored by partial blockade of T-type channels. The overexpression of hypothalamic T-type channels in POMC neurons may partially contribute to the obese and abnormal feeding phenotypes observed in KLHL1 KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula P Perissinotti
- Cell and Molecular Physiology Department and Neuroscience Division of the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Elizabeth Martínez-Hernández
- Cell and Molecular Physiology Department and Neuroscience Division of the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Yungui He
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience and Department of Lab Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Michael D Koob
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience and Department of Lab Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Erika S Piedras-Rentería
- Cell and Molecular Physiology Department and Neuroscience Division of the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
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13
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Multiple Leptin Signalling Pathways in the Control of Metabolism and Fertility: A Means to Different Ends? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179210. [PMID: 34502119 PMCID: PMC8430761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The adipocyte-derived ‘satiety promoting’ hormone, leptin, has been identified as a key central regulator of body weight and fertility, such that its absence leads to obesity and infertility. Plasma leptin levels reflect body adiposity, and therefore act as an ‘adipostat’, whereby low leptin levels reflect a state of low body adiposity (under-nutrition/starvation) and elevated leptin levels reflect a state of high body adiposity (over-nutrition/obesity). While genetic leptin deficiency is rare, obesity-related leptin resistance is becoming increasingly common. In the absence of adequate leptin sensitivity, leptin is unable to exert its ‘anti-obesity’ effects, thereby exacerbating obesity. Furthermore, extreme leptin resistance and consequent low or absent leptin signalling resembles a state of starvation and can thus lead to infertility. However, leptin resistance occurs on a spectrum, and it is possible to be resistant to leptin’s metabolic effects while retaining leptin’s permissive effects on fertility. This may be because leptin exerts its modulatory effects on energy homeostasis and reproductive function through discrete intracellular signalling pathways, and these pathways are differentially affected by the molecules that promote leptin resistance. This review discusses the potential mechanisms that enable leptin to exert differential control over metabolic and reproductive function in the contexts of healthy leptin signalling and of diet-induced leptin resistance.
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14
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Duquenne M, Folgueira C, Bourouh C, Millet M, Silva A, Clasadonte J, Imbernon M, Fernandois D, Martinez-Corral I, Kusumakshi S, Caron E, Rasika S, Deliglia E, Jouy N, Oishi A, Mazzone M, Trinquet E, Tavernier J, Kim YB, Ory S, Jockers R, Schwaninger M, Boehm U, Nogueiras R, Annicotte JS, Gasman S, Dam J, Prévot V. Leptin brain entry via a tanycytic LepR-EGFR shuttle controls lipid metabolism and pancreas function. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1071-1090. [PMID: 34341568 PMCID: PMC7611554 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic health depends on the brain's ability to control food intake and nutrient use versus storage, processes that require peripheral signals such as the adipocyte-derived hormone, leptin, to cross brain barriers and mobilize regulatory circuits. We have previously shown that hypothalamic tanycytes shuttle leptin into the brain to reach target neurons. Here, using multiple complementary models, we show that tanycytes express functional leptin receptor (LepR), respond to leptin by triggering Ca2+ waves and target protein phosphorylation, and that their transcytotic transport of leptin requires the activation of a LepR-EGFR complex by leptin and EGF sequentially. Selective deletion of LepR in tanycytes blocks leptin entry into the brain, inducing not only increased food intake and lipogenesis but also glucose intolerance through attenuated insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells, possibly via altered sympathetic nervous tone. Tanycytic LepRb-EGFR-mediated transport of leptin could thus be crucial to the pathophysiology of diabetes in addition to obesity, with therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Duquenne
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Cintia Folgueira
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cyril Bourouh
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, U1283-UMR 8199-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Marion Millet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anisia Silva
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Clasadonte
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Monica Imbernon
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Daniela Fernandois
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Ines Martinez-Corral
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Soumya Kusumakshi
- Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling, Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Emilie Caron
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - S Rasika
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Eleonora Deliglia
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Jouy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, BioImaging Center of Lille, Hospital Campus, UMS2014-US41, Lille, France
| | - Asturo Oishi
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric Trinquet
- Cisbio Bioassays, Parc Technologique Marcel Boiteux, Codolet, France
| | - Jan Tavernier
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Gent, Belgium
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stéphane Ory
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling, Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jean-Sébastien Annicotte
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, U1283-UMR 8199-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Stéphane Gasman
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Dam
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Prévot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France.
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15
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Yang M, Qiu S, He Y, Li L, Wu T, Ding N, Li F, Zhao AZ, Yang G. Genetic ablation of C-reactive protein gene confers resistance to obesity and insulin resistance in rats. Diabetologia 2021; 64:1169-1183. [PMID: 33544171 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Besides serving as a traditional inflammatory marker, C-reactive protein (CRP) is closely associated with the development of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases as a metabolic and inflammatory marker. We hypothesise that CRP protein directly participates in the regulation of energy and glucose metabolism rather than just being a surrogate marker, and that genetic deficiency of CRP will lead to resistance to obesity and insulin resistance. METHODS Crp gene deletion was achieved by transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) technology in rats. The Crp knockout animals were placed on either a standard chow diet or a high-fat diet. Phenotypic changes in body weight, glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure and inflammation condition were examined. The central impact of CRP deficiency on leptin and insulin hypothalamic signalling, as well as glucose homeostasis, were examined via intracerebral ventricular delivery of leptin and CRP plus glucose clamp studies in the wild-type and Crp knockout rats. RESULTS CRP deficiency led to a significant reduction in weight gain and food intake, elevated energy expenditure and improved insulin sensitivity after exposure to high-fat diet. Glucose clamp studies revealed enhanced hepatic insulin signalling and actions. Deficiency of CRP enhanced and prolonged the weight-reducing effect of central injected leptin and promoted the central and peripheral roles of leptin. By contrast, reinstatement of CRP into the hypothalamus of the knockout rats attenuated the effects of central leptin signalling on insulin sensitivity and peripheral glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This study represents the first line of genetic evidence that CRP is not merely a surrogate blood marker for inflammation and metabolic syndromes but directly regulates energy balance, body weight, insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis through direct regulation of leptin's central effect and hypothalamic signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengliu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The Center of Clinical Research of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases in Chongqing and Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Sheng Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yirui He
- Department of Endocrinology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education) and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Ding
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanghong Li
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Allan Z Zhao
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Gangyi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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16
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de Candia P, Prattichizzo F, Garavelli S, Alviggi C, La Cava A, Matarese G. The pleiotropic roles of leptin in metabolism, immunity, and cancer. J Exp Med 2021; 218:211994. [PMID: 33857282 PMCID: PMC8056770 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the archetypal adipocytokine leptin and how it regulates energy homeostasis have represented breakthroughs in our understanding of the endocrine function of the adipose tissue and the biological determinants of human obesity. Investigations on leptin have also been instrumental in identifying physio-pathological connections between metabolic regulation and multiple immunological functions. For example, the description of the promoting activities of leptin on inflammation and cell proliferation have recognized the detrimental effects of leptin in connecting dysmetabolic conditions with cancer and with onset and/or progression of autoimmune disease. Here we review the multiple biological functions and complex framework of operations of leptin, discussing why and how the pleiotropic activities of this adipocytokine still pose major hurdles in the development of effective leptin-based therapeutic opportunities for different clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola de Candia
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Garavelli
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Alviggi
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Università di Napoli "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio La Cava
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy.,T reg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II," Naples, Italy
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17
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Bishop EL, Gudgeon N, Dimeloe S. Control of T Cell Metabolism by Cytokines and Hormones. Front Immunol 2021; 12:653605. [PMID: 33927722 PMCID: PMC8076900 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.653605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic, coordinated changes in metabolic pathway activity underpin the protective and inflammatory activity of T cells, through provision of energy and biosynthetic precursors for effector functions, as well as direct effects of metabolic enzymes, intermediates and end-products on signaling pathways and transcriptional mechanisms. Consequently, it has become increasingly clear that the metabolic status of the tissue microenvironment directly influences T cell activity, with changes in nutrient and/or metabolite abundance leading to dysfunctional T cell metabolism and interlinked immune function. Emerging evidence now indicates that additional signals are integrated by T cells to determine their overall metabolic phenotype, including those arising from interaction with cytokines and hormones in their environment. The impact of these on T cell metabolism, the mechanisms involved and the pathological implications are discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah Dimeloe
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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18
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Boucsein A, Kamstra K, Tups A. Central signalling cross-talk between insulin and leptin in glucose and energy homeostasis. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12944. [PMID: 33615588 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Energy homeostasis is controlled by an intricate regulatory system centred in the brain. The peripheral adiposity signals insulin and leptin play a crucial role in this system by informing the brain of the energy status of the body and mediating their catabolic effects through signal transduction in hypothalamic areas that control food intake, energy expenditure and glucose metabolism. Disruptions of insulin and leptin signalling can result in diabetes and obesity. The central signalling cross-talk between insulin and leptin is essential for maintenance of normal healthy energy homeostasis. An important role of leptin in glucoregulation has been revealed. Typically regarded as being controlled by insulin, the control of glucose homeostasis critically depends on functional leptin action. Leptin, on the other hand, is able to lower glucose levels in the absence of insulin, although insulin is necessary for long-term stabilisation of euglycaemia. Evidence from rodent models and human patients suggests that leptin improves insulin sensitivity in type 1 diabetes. The signalling cross-talk between insulin and leptin is likely conveyed by the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Leptin activates WNT/β-catenin signalling, leading to inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β, a key inhibitor of insulin action, thereby facilitating improved insulin signal transduction and sensitisation of insulin action. Interestingly, insights into the roles of insulin and leptin in insects and fish indicate that leptin may have initially evolved as a glucoregulatory hormone and that its anorexigenic and body weight regulatory function was acquired throughout evolution. Furthermore, the regulation of both central and peripheral control of energy homeostasis is tightly controlled by the circadian clock, allowing adaptation of homeostatic processes to environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Boucsein
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kaj Kamstra
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alexander Tups
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Angiopoietin-Like Growth Factor Involved in Leptin Signaling in the Hypothalamus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073443. [PMID: 33810547 PMCID: PMC8037945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic regulation of appetite governs whole-body energy balance. Satiety is regulated by endocrine factors including leptin, and impaired leptin signaling is associated with obesity. Despite the anorectic effect of leptin through the regulation of the hypothalamic feeding circuit, a distinct downstream mediator of leptin signaling in neuron remains unclear. Angiopoietin-like growth factor (AGF) is a peripheral activator of energy expenditure and antagonizes obesity. However, the regulation of AGF expression in brain and localization to mediate anorectic signaling is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that AGF is expressed in proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-expressing neurons located in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus. Unlike other brain regions, hypothalamic AGF expression is stimulated by leptin-induced signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation. In addition, leptin treatment to hypothalamic N1 cells significantly enhanced the promoter activity of AGF. This induction was abolished by the pretreatment of ruxolitinib, a leptin signaling inhibitor. These results indicate that hypothalamic AGF expression is induced by leptin and colocalized to POMC neurons.
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Association between Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs9891119 of STAT3 Gene and the Genetic Susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes in Chinese Han Population from Guangdong. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:6657324. [PMID: 33833859 PMCID: PMC8012137 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6657324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs9891119 of the signal transducer and activator of the transcription 3 (STAT3) gene and genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in Chinese Han population from the Guangdong province. Objective The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism rs9891119 of STAT3 gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which provides a basis for molecular genetic research on the pathogenesis of T2DM in Chinese Han population. Methods In our case-control study, the SNP rs9891119 was picked out from the STAT3 gene and the SNP genotyping was performed by using the SNPscan™ kit in 1092 patients with type 2 diabetes as cases and 1092 normal persons as controls. The distributions of genotype and allele frequencies in two groups were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software. Results Our results showed that the alleles of A and C of rs9891119 of the STAT3 gene were 54.3 and 45.7% in patients with type 2 diabetes, while 55.5% and 44.5% in the normal persons, which have no statistical significance (P > 0.05). There were also no significant differences in AA, AC, and CC genotype frequencies between type 2 diabetes patients and normal persons. There were no significant differences in codominant, dominant, recessive, and overdominant genetic models of SNP rs9891119 before and after adjusting the covariant factors (P > 0.05). Conclusions Therefore, genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes may be not associated with SNP rs9891119 of the STAT3 gene in Chinese Han population from the Guangdong province.
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21
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Xing JW, Chen MM, Tian XY, Pan DQ, Peng XH, Gao PF. 919 syrup inhibits ROS-mediated leptin-induced anorexia by activating PPARγ and improves gut flora abnormalities. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111455. [PMID: 33711553 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with postpartum psychiatric disorders are prone to severe anorexia. Clinical studies have revealed the efficacy of 919 syrup, a traditional Chinese medicine mixture against postpartum illnesses, such as in regulating maternal mood and improving postpartum anorexia. AIM This study investigated the mechanisms through which 919 syrup improved anorexia induced by postpartum stress, focussing on the combined peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and leptin signalling pathway, and its effects on the structure of the gut flora. METHODS Mice were randomly divided into five groups-control group, immobilisation stressed (IS) group (normal saline), pioglitazone (Piog; western medicine control) group, 919 syrup low-dose (TJD; 13.5 g/kg) group, and 919 syrup high-dose (TJG; 27.0 g/kg) group. The control group was housed normally. The other groups received IS for 3 h daily for 21 days. The treatments were initiated following the first postnatal day and were administered by gastric gavage. All mice were sacrificed under anaesthesia on postnatal day 22. Blood, hypothalamus, stomach, and faecal specimens were collected. Gene and protein expression levels of components of the PPARγ-leptin signalling pathway in the serum, hypothalamus, and stomach were determined. Immunofluorescence staining for proopiomelanocortin (POMC), phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3), and leptin was performed to observe their spatial distributions in the hypothalamus and stomach. 16s rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of fecal specimens were performed. RESULTS After IS, postpartum mice showed significantly reduced appetite and body weight, accompanied by abnormalities in the structure of the gut flora. Treatment with 919 syrup (27.0 g/kg) downregulated malondialdehyde and upregulated catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase by activating PPARγ, thereby affecting the expression of leptin signalling pathway components (leptin, leptin receptor, pSTAT3, POMC, and cocaine and amphetamine-related transcript and neuropeptide Y), and modulated the gut flora in stressed mice. CONCLUSION 919 syrup improved appetite in mice with postnatal stress by activating PPARγ to induce crosstalk with the leptin signalling pathway, this mechanism was similar to that of PPARγ agonists. 919 syrup also improved gut flora structure, and the changes in the relative abundances of the gut flora strongly correlated with the expression levels of PPARγ and leptin pathway components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wei Xing
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Man-Man Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Yun Tian
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan-Qing Pan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Peng
- Department of Animal Experiments, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng-Fei Gao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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22
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Mejia P, Treviño-Villarreal JH, De Niz M, Meibalan E, Longchamp A, Reynolds JS, Turnbull LB, Opoka RO, Roussilhon C, Spielmann T, Ozaki CK, Heussler VT, Seydel KB, Taylor TE, John CC, Milner DA, Marti M, Mitchell JR. Adipose tissue parasite sequestration drives leptin production in mice and correlates with human cerebral malaria. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/13/eabe2484. [PMID: 33762334 PMCID: PMC7990332 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe2484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Circulating levels of the adipokine leptin are linked to neuropathology in experimental cerebral malaria (ECM), but its source and regulation mechanism remain unknown. Here, we show that sequestration of infected red blood cells (iRBCs) in white adipose tissue (WAT) microvasculature increased local vascular permeability and leptin production. Mice infected with parasite strains that fail to sequester in WAT displayed reduced leptin production and protection from ECM. WAT sequestration and leptin induction were lost in CD36KO mice; however, ECM susceptibility revealed sexual dimorphism. Adipocyte leptin was regulated by the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and blocked by rapamycin. In humans, although Plasmodium falciparum infection did not increase circulating leptin levels, iRBC sequestration, tissue leptin production, and mTORC1 activity were positively correlated with CM in pediatric postmortem WAT. These data identify WAT sequestration as a trigger for leptin production with potential implications for pathogenesis of malaria infection, prognosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mejia
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - Mariana De Niz
- Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elamaran Meibalan
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alban Longchamp
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery and the Heart and Vascular Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Justin S Reynolds
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lindsey B Turnbull
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Robert O Opoka
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Tobias Spielmann
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Keith Ozaki
- Department of Surgery and the Heart and Vascular Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Karl B Seydel
- Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Terrie E Taylor
- Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Chandy C John
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Danny A Milner
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- American Society for Clinical Pathology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthias Marti
- Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James R Mitchell
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Abstract
Blood glucose and insulin homeostasis is disrupted during the progression of type 2 diabetes. Insulin levels and action are regulated by both peripheral and central responses that involve the intestine and microbiome. The intestine and its microbiota process nutrients and generate molecules that influence blood glucose and insulin. Peripheral insulin regulation is regulated by gut-segment-dependent nutrient sensing and microbial factors such as short-chain fatty acids and bile acids that engage G-protein-coupled receptors. Innate immune sensing of gut-derived bacterial cell wall components and lipopolysaccharides also alter insulin homeostasis. These bacterial metabolites and postbiotics influence insulin secretion and insulin clearance in part by altering endocrine responses such as glucagon-like peptide-1. Gut-derived bacterial factors can promote inflammation and insulin resistance, but other postbiotics can be insulin sensitizers. In parallel, activation of small intestinal sirtuin 1 increases insulin sensitivity by reversing high fat-induced hypothalamic insulin resistance through a gut-brain neuronal axis, whereas high fat-feeding alters small intestinal microbiome and increases taurochenodeoxycholic acid in the plasma and the dorsal vagal complex to induce insulin resistance. In summary, emerging evidence indicates that intestinal molecular signaling involving nutrient sensing and the host-microbe symbiosis alters insulin homeostasis and action. Gut-derived host endocrine and paracrine factors as well as microbial metabolites act on the liver, pancreas, and the brain, and in parallel on the gut-brain neuronal axis. Understanding common nodes of peripheral and central insulin homeostasis and action may reveal new ways to target the intestinal host-microbe relationship in obesity, metabolic disease, and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tony K T Lam
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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24
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p-Coumaric Acid Enhances Hypothalamic Leptin Signaling and Glucose Homeostasis in Mice via Differential Effects on AMPK Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031431. [PMID: 33572687 PMCID: PMC7867021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a crucial role in the regulation of energy homeostasis in both peripheral metabolic organs and the central nervous system. Recent studies indicated that p-Coumaric acid (CA), a hydroxycinnamic phenolic acid, potentially activated the peripheral AMPK pathway to exert beneficial effects on glucose metabolism in vitro. However, CA’s actions on central AMPK activity and whole-body glucose homeostasis have not yet been investigated. Here, we reported that CA exhibited different effects on peripheral and central AMPK activation both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, while CA treatment promoted hepatic AMPK activation, it showed an inhibitory effect on hypothalamic AMPK activity possibly by activating the S6 kinase. Furthermore, CA treatment enhanced hypothalamic leptin sensitivity, resulting in increased proopiomelanocortin (POMC) expression, decreased agouti-related peptide (AgRP) expression, and reduced daily food intake. Overall, CA treatment improved blood glucose control, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity. Together, these results suggested that CA treatment enhanced hypothalamic leptin signaling and whole-body glucose homeostasis, possibly via its differential effects on AMPK activation.
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25
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Pereira S, Cline DL, Glavas MM, Covey SD, Kieffer TJ. Tissue-Specific Effects of Leptin on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Endocr Rev 2021; 42:1-28. [PMID: 33150398 PMCID: PMC7846142 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of leptin was intrinsically associated with its ability to regulate body weight. However, the effects of leptin are more far-reaching and include profound glucose-lowering and anti-lipogenic effects, independent of leptin's regulation of body weight. Regulation of glucose metabolism by leptin is mediated both centrally and via peripheral tissues and is influenced by the activation status of insulin signaling pathways. Ectopic fat accumulation is diminished by both central and peripheral leptin, an effect that is beneficial in obesity-associated disorders. The magnitude of leptin action depends upon the tissue, sex, and context being examined. Peripheral tissues that are of particular relevance include the endocrine pancreas, liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissues, immune cells, and the cardiovascular system. As a result of its potent metabolic activity, leptin is used to control hyperglycemia in patients with lipodystrophy and is being explored as an adjunct to insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes. To fully understand the role of leptin in physiology and to maximize its therapeutic potential, the mechanisms of leptin action in these tissues needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pereira
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Daemon L Cline
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Maria M Glavas
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Scott D Covey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Timothy J Kieffer
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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26
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Intervertebral Disc and Adipokine Leptin-Loves Me, Loves Me Not. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010375. [PMID: 33396484 PMCID: PMC7795371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin—the most famous adipose tissue-secreted hormone—in the human body is mostly observed in a negative connotation, as the hormone level increases with the accumulation of body fat. Nowadays, fatness is becoming another normal body shape. Fatness is burdened with numerous illnesses—including low back pain and degenerative disease of lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD). IVD degeneration and IVD inflammation are two indiscerptible phenomena. Irrespective of the underlying pathophysiological background (trauma, obesity, nutrient deficiency), the inflammation is crucial in triggering IVD degeneration. Leptin is usually depicted as a proinflammatory adipokine. Many studies aimed at explaining the role of leptin in IVD degeneration, though mostly in in vitro and on animal models, confirmed leptin’s “bad reputation”. However, several studies found that leptin might have protective role in IVD metabolism. This review examines the current literature on the metabolic role of different depots of adipose tissue, with focus on leptin, in pathogenesis of IVD degeneration.
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27
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Ullah H, De Filippis A, Khan H, Xiao J, Daglia M. An overview of the health benefits of Prunus species with special reference to metabolic syndrome risk factors. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 144:111574. [PMID: 32679287 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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McCarthy SF, Islam H, Hazell TJ. The emerging role of lactate as a mediator of exercise-induced appetite suppression. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E814-E819. [PMID: 32893673 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00256.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lactate, a molecule originally considered metabolic waste, is now associated with a number of important physiological functions. Although the roles of lactate as a signaling molecule, fuel source, and gluconeogenic substrate have garnered significant attention in recent reviews, a relatively underexplored and emerging role of lactate is its control of energy intake (EI). To expand our understanding of the physiological roles of lactate, we present evidence from early infusion studies demonstrating the ability of lactate to suppress EI in both rodents and humans. We then discuss findings from recent human studies that have utilized exercise intensity and/or sodium bicarbonate supplementation to modulate endogenous lactate and examine its impact on appetite regulation. These studies consistently demonstrate that greater blood lactate accumulation is associated with greater suppression of the hunger hormone ghrelin and subjective appetite, thereby supporting a role of lactate in the control of EI. To stimulate future research investigating the role of lactate as an appetite-regulatory molecule, we also highlight potential underlying mechanisms explaining the appetite-suppressive effects of lactate using evidence from rodent and in vitro cellular models. Specifically, we discuss the ability of lactate to 1) inhibit the secretory function of ghrelin producing gastric cells, 2) modulate the signaling cascades that control hypothalamic neuropeptide expression/release, and 3) inhibit signaling through the ghrelin receptor in the hypothalamus. Unravelling the role of lactate as an appetite-regulatory molecule can shed important insight into the regulation of EI, thereby contributing to the development of interventions aimed at combatting overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth F McCarthy
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hashim Islam
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tom J Hazell
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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29
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DHA reduces hypothalamic inflammation and improves central leptin signaling in mice. Life Sci 2020; 257:118036. [PMID: 32622949 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Anti-obesity effects and improved leptin sensitivity from n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have been reported in diet-induced obese animals. This study sought to determine the beneficial central effects and mechanism of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) in high-fat (HF) diet fed mice. MAIN METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were given HF diet with or without intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) for two days. Central leptin sensitivity, hypothalamic inflammation, leptin signaling molecules and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were examined by central leptin sensitivity test and Western blot. Furthermore, the expression of hepatic genes involved in lipid metabolism was examined by RT-PCR. KEY FINDINGS We found that icv administration of DHA not only reduced energy intake and body weight gain but also corrected the HF diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation. DHA decreased leptin signaling inhibitor SOCS3 and improved the leptin JAK2-Akt signaling pathways in the hypothalamus. Furthermore, icv administration of DHA improved the effects of leptin in the regulation of mRNA expression of enzymes related to lipogenesis, fatty acid β-oxidation, and cholesterol synthesis in the liver. DHA increased leptin-induced activation of TH in the hypothalamus. SIGNIFICANCE Therefore, increasing central DHA concentration may prevent the deficit of hypothalamic regulation, which is associated with disorders of energy homeostasis in the liver as a result of a high-fat diet.
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30
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Interaction of glucose sensing and leptin action in the brain. Mol Metab 2020; 39:101011. [PMID: 32416314 PMCID: PMC7267726 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In response to energy abundant or deprived conditions, nutrients and hormones activate hypothalamic pathways to maintain energy and glucose homeostasis. The underlying CNS mechanisms, however, remain elusive in rodents and humans. Scope of review Here, we first discuss brain glucose sensing mechanisms in the presence of a rise or fall of plasma glucose levels, and highlight defects in hypothalamic glucose sensing disrupt in vivo glucose homeostasis in high-fat fed, obese, and/or diabetic conditions. Second, we discuss brain leptin signalling pathways that impact glucose homeostasis in glucose-deprived and excessed conditions, and propose that leptin enhances hypothalamic glucose sensing and restores glucose homeostasis in short-term high-fat fed and/or uncontrolled diabetic conditions. Major conclusions In conclusion, we believe basic studies that investigate the interaction of glucose sensing and leptin action in the brain will address the translational impact of hypothalamic glucose sensing in diabetes and obesity.
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Leptin stimulates synaptogenesis in hippocampal neurons via KLF4 and SOCS3 inhibition of STAT3 signaling. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 106:103500. [PMID: 32438059 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal development of neuronal connections in the hippocampus requires neurotrophic signals, including the cytokine leptin. During neonatal development, leptin induces formation and maturation of dendritic spines, the main sites of glutamatergic synapses in the hippocampal neurons. However, the molecular mechanisms for leptin-induced synaptogenesis are not entirely understood. In this study, we reveal two novel targets of leptin in developing hippocampal neurons and address their role in synaptogenesis. First target is Kruppel-Like Factor 4 (KLF4), which we identified using a genome-wide target analysis strategy. We show that leptin upregulates KLF4 in hippocampal neurons and that leptin signaling is important for KLF4 expression in vivo. Furthermore, KLF4 is required for leptin-induced synaptogenesis, as shKLF4 blocks and upregulation of KLF4 phenocopies it. We go on to show that KLF4 requires its signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) binding site and thus potentially blocks STAT3 activity to induce synaptogenesis. Second, we show that leptin increases the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), another well-known inhibitor of STAT3, in developing hippocampal neurons. SOCS3 is also required for leptin-induced synaptogenesis and sufficient to stimulate it alone. Finally, we show that constitutively active STAT3 blocks the effects of leptin on spine formation, while the targeted knockdown of STAT3 is sufficient to induce it. Overall, our data demonstrate that leptin increases the expression of both KLF4 and SOCS3, inhibiting the activity of STAT3 in the hippocampal neurons and resulting in the enhancement of glutamatergic synaptogenesis during neonatal development.
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Seoane-Collazo P, Martínez-Sánchez N, Milbank E, Contreras C. Incendiary Leptin. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020472. [PMID: 32069871 PMCID: PMC7071158 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a hormone released by adipose tissue that plays a key role in the control of energy homeostasis through its binding to leptin receptors (LepR), mainly expressed in the hypothalamus. Most scientific evidence points to leptin’s satiating effect being due to its dual capacity to promote the expression of anorexigenic neuropeptides and to reduce orexigenic expression in the hypothalamus. However, it has also been demonstrated that leptin can stimulate (i) thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and (ii) the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). Since the demonstration of the importance of BAT in humans 10 years ago, its study has aroused great interest, mainly in the improvement of obesity-associated metabolic disorders through the induction of thermogenesis. Consequently, several strategies targeting BAT activation (mainly in rodent models) have demonstrated great potential to improve hyperlipidemias, hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and weight gain, leading to an overall healthier metabolic profile. Here, we review the potential therapeutic ability of leptin to correct obesity and other metabolic disorders, not only through its satiating effect, but by also utilizing its thermogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Seoane-Collazo
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.S.-C.); (N.M.-S.); (C.C.); Tel.: +81-298-533-301 (P.S.-C.); +34-913-941-650 (N.M.-S.); +44-01865285890 (C.C.)
| | - Noelia Martínez-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
- Correspondence: (P.S.-C.); (N.M.-S.); (C.C.); Tel.: +81-298-533-301 (P.S.-C.); +34-913-941-650 (N.M.-S.); +44-01865285890 (C.C.)
| | - Edward Milbank
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristina Contreras
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.S.-C.); (N.M.-S.); (C.C.); Tel.: +81-298-533-301 (P.S.-C.); +34-913-941-650 (N.M.-S.); +44-01865285890 (C.C.)
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33
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Berger S, Pho H, Fleury-Curado T, Bevans-Fonti S, Younas H, Shin MK, Jun JC, Anokye-Danso F, Ahima RS, Enquist LW, Mendelowitz D, Schwartz AR, Polotsky VY. Intranasal Leptin Relieves Sleep-disordered Breathing in Mice with Diet-induced Obesity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 199:773-783. [PMID: 30309268 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201805-0879oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Leptin treats upper airway obstruction and alveolar hypoventilation in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. However, obese humans and mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO) are resistant to leptin because of poor permeability of the blood-brain barrier. We propose that intranasal leptin will bypass leptin resistance and treat sleep-disordered breathing in obesity. OBJECTIVES To assess if intranasal leptin can treat obesity hypoventilation and upper airway obstruction during sleep in mice with DIO. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat diet for 16 weeks. A single dose of leptin (0.4 mg/kg) or BSA (vehicle) were administered intranasally or intraperitoneally, followed by either sleep studies (n = 10) or energy expenditure measurements (n = 10). A subset of mice was treated with leptin daily for 14 days for metabolic outcomes (n = 20). In a separate experiment, retrograde viral tracers were used to examine connections between leptin receptors and respiratory motoneurons. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Acute intranasal, but not intraperitoneal, leptin decreased the number of oxygen desaturation events in REM sleep, and increased ventilation in non-REM and REM sleep, independently of metabolic effects. Chronic intranasal leptin decreased food intake and body weight, whereas intraperitoneal leptin had no effect. Intranasal leptin induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation in hypothalamic and medullary centers, whereas intraperitoneal leptin had no effect. Leptin receptor-positive cells were synaptically connected to respiratory motoneurons. CONCLUSIONS In mice with DIO, intranasal leptin bypassed leptin resistance and significantly attenuated sleep-disordered breathing independently of body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slava Berger
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Huy Pho
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | | | | | - Haris Younas
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Mi-Kyung Shin
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | | | - Frederick Anokye-Danso
- 2 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rexford S Ahima
- 2 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lynn W Enquist
- 3 Department of Molecular Biology and.,4 Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey; and
| | - David Mendelowitz
- 5 Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC
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34
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Idrizaj E, Garella R, Squecco R, Baccari MC. Adipocytes-released Peptides Involved in the Control of Gastrointestinal Motility. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:614-629. [PMID: 30663565 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190121115356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present review focuses on adipocytes-released peptides known to be involved in the control of gastrointestinal motility, acting both centrally and peripherally. Thus, four peptides have been taken into account: leptin, adiponectin, nesfatin-1, and apelin. The discussion of the related physiological or pathophysiological roles, based on the most recent findings, is intended to underlie the close interactions among adipose tissue, central nervous system, and gastrointestinal tract. The better understanding of this complex network, as gastrointestinal motor responses represent peripheral signals involved in the regulation of food intake through the gut-brain axis, may also furnish a cue for the development of either novel therapeutic approaches in the treatment of obesity and eating disorders or potential diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eglantina Idrizaj
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rachele Garella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Squecco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Baccari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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35
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Tracz-Gaszewska Z, Dobrzyn P. Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 as a Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070948. [PMID: 31284458 PMCID: PMC6678606 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A distinctive feature of cancer cells of various origins involves alterations of the composition of lipids, with significant enrichment in monounsaturated fatty acids. These molecules, in addition to being structural components of newly formed cell membranes of intensely proliferating cancer cells, support tumorigenic signaling. An increase in the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), the enzyme that converts saturated fatty acids to ∆9-monounsaturated fatty acids, has been observed in a wide range of cancer cells, and this increase is correlated with cancer aggressiveness and poor outcomes for patients. Studies have demonstrated the involvement of SCD1 in the promotion of cancer cell proliferation, migration, metastasis, and tumor growth. Many studies have reported a role for this lipogenic factor in maintaining the characteristics of cancer stem cells (i.e., the population of cells that contributes to cancer progression and resistance to chemotherapy). Importantly, both the products of SCD1 activity and its direct impact on tumorigenic pathways have been demonstrated. Based on these findings, SCD1 appears to be a significant player in the development of malignant disease and may be a promising target for anticancer therapy. Numerous chemical compounds that exert inhibitory effects on SCD1 have been developed and preclinically tested. The present review summarizes our current knowledge of the ways in which SCD1 contributes to the progression of cancer and discusses opportunities and challenges of using SCD1 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Tracz-Gaszewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Dobrzyn
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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36
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Hackl MT, Fürnsinn C, Schuh CM, Krssak M, Carli F, Guerra S, Freudenthaler A, Baumgartner-Parzer S, Helbich TH, Luger A, Zeyda M, Gastaldelli A, Buettner C, Scherer T. Brain leptin reduces liver lipids by increasing hepatic triglyceride secretion and lowering lipogenesis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2717. [PMID: 31222048 PMCID: PMC6586634 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10684-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis develops when lipid influx and production exceed the liver’s ability to utilize/export triglycerides. Obesity promotes steatosis and is characterized by leptin resistance. A role of leptin in hepatic lipid handling is highlighted by the observation that recombinant leptin reverses steatosis of hypoleptinemic patients with lipodystrophy by an unknown mechanism. Since leptin mainly functions via CNS signaling, we here examine in rats whether leptin regulates hepatic lipid flux via the brain in a series of stereotaxic infusion experiments. We demonstrate that brain leptin protects from steatosis by promoting hepatic triglyceride export and decreasing de novo lipogenesis independently of caloric intake. Leptin’s anti-steatotic effects are generated in the dorsal vagal complex, require hepatic vagal innervation, and are preserved in high-fat-diet-fed rats when the blood brain barrier is bypassed. Thus, CNS leptin protects from ectopic lipid accumulation via a brain-vagus-liver axis and may be a therapeutic strategy to ameliorate obesity-related steatosis. Obesity is associated with leptin resistance and rising blood leptin levels while central leptin exposure may be limited. Here, the authors show that brain leptin infusion reduces hepatic lipid content in rats by increasing hepatic VLDL secretion and lowering liver de novo lipogenesis via a vagal mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Theresa Hackl
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Fürnsinn
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Maria Schuh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Krssak
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, High-Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, MOLIMA, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabrizia Carli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Guerra
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Via Santa Cecilia 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelika Freudenthaler
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabina Baumgartner-Parzer
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas H Helbich
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anton Luger
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Zeyda
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Via Santa Cecilia 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Christoph Buettner
- Departments of Medicine and Neuroscience, and Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute (DOMI), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Thomas Scherer
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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37
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Hristov M, Landzhov B, Nikolov R, Yakimova K. Central, but not systemic, thermoregulatory effects of leptin are impaired in rats with obesity: interactions with GABAB agonist and antagonist. Amino Acids 2019; 51:1055-1063. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02746-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bhatt A, Purani C, Bhargava P, Patel K, Agarbattiwala T, Puvar A, Shah K, Joshi CG, Dhamecha N, Prabhakar M, Joshi M. Whole exome sequencing reveals novel LEPR frameshift mutation in severely obese children from Western India. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00692. [PMID: 31070016 PMCID: PMC6625100 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity, especially early onset of obesity is a serious health concern in both developed and developing countries. This is further associated with serious comorbidities like a fatty liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, type‐2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, renal complications and respiratory problems. Many times early onset of obesity is linked with heritable monogenic, polygenic and syndromic forms. Globally, studies on roles of genes involved in early onset of obesity are limited. Methods Here in this study, a consanguineous family of Western Indian origin having four siblings, one unaffected and three affected with severe early onset of obesity was enrolled. Affected siblings also displayed comorbidities like mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea, raised Renal Resistance Index, oliguria, and severe anemia. Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) of Trio with one affected and unaffected sibling was done. Data analysis was performed to check pathogenic mutation segregation in unaffected parents with affected and unaffected sibling. Results WES of trio identified novel frameshift mutation in the LEPR gene resulting in truncated leptin receptor (LEPR). The same mutation was confirmed in other affected siblings and two siblings of distant relatives by Sanger sequencing. The possible effects of truncating mutation in LEPR function by in silico analysis were also studied. Conclusion Understanding genetic basis of obesity might provide a clue for better management and treatment in times to come. This work demonstrates identification of novel mutation in LEPR gene resulting into early onset of obesity. Discovery of novel, population‐specific genomics markers will help population screening programs in creating base for possible therapeutic applications and prevention of this disease for next generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Poonam Bhargava
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Komal Patel
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Apurvasinh Puvar
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Krati Shah
- ONE-Centre for Rheumatology and Genetics, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | | | | | | | - Madhvi Joshi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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39
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Cedernaes J, Huang W, Ramsey KM, Waldeck N, Cheng L, Marcheva B, Omura C, Kobayashi Y, Peek CB, Levine DC, Dhir R, Awatramani R, Bradfield CA, Wang XA, Takahashi JS, Mokadem M, Ahima RS, Bass J. Transcriptional Basis for Rhythmic Control of Hunger and Metabolism within the AgRP Neuron. Cell Metab 2019; 29:1078-1091.e5. [PMID: 30827863 PMCID: PMC6506361 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The alignment of fasting and feeding with the sleep/wake cycle is coordinated by hypothalamic neurons, though the underlying molecular programs remain incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that the clock transcription pathway maximizes eating during wakefulness and glucose production during sleep through autonomous circadian regulation of NPY/AgRP neurons. Tandem profiling of whole-cell and ribosome-bound mRNAs in morning and evening under dynamic fasting and fed conditions identified temporal control of activity-dependent gene repertoires in AgRP neurons central to synaptogenesis, bioenergetics, and neurotransmitter and peptidergic signaling. Synaptic and circadian pathways were specific to whole-cell RNA analyses, while bioenergetic pathways were selectively enriched in the ribosome-bound transcriptome. Finally, we demonstrate that the AgRP clock mediates the transcriptional response to leptin. Our results reveal that time-of-day restriction in transcriptional control of energy-sensing neurons underlies the alignment of hunger and food acquisition with the sleep/wake state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Cedernaes
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-75124, Sweden
| | - Wenyu Huang
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kathryn Moynihan Ramsey
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nathan Waldeck
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lei Cheng
- Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Biliana Marcheva
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Chiaki Omura
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yumiko Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Clara Bien Peek
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Daniel C Levine
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ravindra Dhir
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raj Awatramani
- Department of Neurology and Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Christopher A Bradfield
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Xiaozhong A Wang
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Joseph S Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mohamad Mokadem
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA 52242, USA
| | - Rexford S Ahima
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joseph Bass
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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40
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Sefton C, Davies A, Allen TJ, Wray JR, Shoop R, Adamson A, Humphreys N, Coll AP, White A, Harno E. Metabolic Abnormalities of Chronic High-Dose Glucocorticoids Are Not Mediated by Hypothalamic AgRP in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2019; 160:964-978. [PMID: 30794724 PMCID: PMC6444294 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are potent and widely used medicines but often cause metabolic side effects. A murine model of corticosterone treatment resulted in increased hypothalamic expression of the melanocortin antagonist AgRP in parallel with obesity and hyperglycemia. We investigated how these adverse effects develop over time, with particular emphasis on hypothalamic involvement. Wild-type and Agrp-/- male mice were treated with corticosterone for 3 weeks. Phenotypic, biochemical, protein, and mRNA analyses were undertaken on central and peripheral tissues, including white and brown adipose tissue, liver, and muscle, to determine the metabolic consequences. Corticosterone treatment induced hyperphagia within 1 day in wild-type mice, which persisted for 3 weeks. Despite this early increase in food intake, the body weight only started to increase after 10 days. Hyperinsulinemia occurred at day 1. Also, although after 2 days, alterations were present in the genes often associated with insulin resistance in several peripheral tissues, hyperglycemia only developed at 3 weeks. Throughout, sustained elevation in hypothalamic Agrp expression was present. Mice with Agrp deleted [using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9, Agrp-/-] were partially protected against corticosterone-induced hyperphagia. However, Agrp-/- mice still had corticosterone-induced increases in body weight and adiposity similar to those of the Agrp+/+ mice. Loss of Agrp did not diminish corticosterone-induced hyperinsulinemia or correct changes in hepatic gluconeogenic genes. Chronic glucocorticoid treatment in mice mimics many of the metabolic side effects seen in patients and leads to a robust increase in Agrp. However, AgRP does not appear to be responsible for most of the glucocorticoid-induced adverse metabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Sefton
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Davies
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tiffany-Jayne Allen
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R Wray
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary Shoop
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Antony Adamson
- Manchester Transgenic Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Humphreys
- Manchester Transgenic Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony P Coll
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Correspondence : Erika Harno, PhD, or Anne White, PhD, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, 3.016 AV Hill Building, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom. E-mail: or ; or Anthony P. Coll, PhD, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom. E-mail:
| | - Anne White
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Correspondence : Erika Harno, PhD, or Anne White, PhD, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, 3.016 AV Hill Building, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom. E-mail: or ; or Anthony P. Coll, PhD, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom. E-mail:
| | - Erika Harno
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Correspondence : Erika Harno, PhD, or Anne White, PhD, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, 3.016 AV Hill Building, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom. E-mail: or ; or Anthony P. Coll, PhD, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom. E-mail:
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Baldini G, Phelan KD. The melanocortin pathway and control of appetite-progress and therapeutic implications. J Endocrinol 2019; 241:R1-R33. [PMID: 30812013 PMCID: PMC6500576 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The initial discovery that ob/ob mice become obese because of a recessive mutation of the leptin gene has been crucial to discover the melanocortin pathway to control appetite. In the melanocortin pathway, the fed state is signaled by abundance of circulating hormones such as leptin and insulin, which bind to receptors expressed at the surface of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons to promote processing of POMC to the mature hormone α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). The α-MSH released by POMC neurons then signals to decrease energy intake by binding to melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) expressed by MC4R neurons to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Conversely, in the 'starved state' activity of agouti-related neuropeptide (AgRP) and of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-expressing neurons is increased by decreased levels of circulating leptin and insulin and by the orexigenic hormone ghrelin to promote food intake. This initial understanding of the melanocortin pathway has recently been implemented by the description of the complex neuronal circuit that controls the activity of POMC, AgRP/NPY and MC4R neurons and downstream signaling by these neurons. This review summarizes the progress done on the melanocortin pathway and describes how obesity alters this pathway to disrupt energy homeostasis. We also describe progress on how leptin and insulin receptors signal in POMC neurons, how MC4R signals and how altered expression and traffic of MC4R change the acute signaling and desensitization properties of the receptor. We also describe how the discovery of the melanocortin pathway has led to the use of melanocortin agonists to treat obesity derived from genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Baldini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Kevin D. Phelan
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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42
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Williamson L, Ayalon I, Shen H, Kaplan J. Hepatic STAT3 inhibition amplifies the inflammatory response in obese mice during sepsis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E286-E292. [PMID: 30576248 PMCID: PMC6397363 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00341.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to better understand the role obesity plays in the inflammatory response during sepsis, specifically regarding the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway in the liver. We hypothesized that inhibiting STAT3 would lead to an increase in the inflammatory response and that obesity would amplify this effect. To investigate this, we inhibited STAT3 in two ways: pharmacological systemic inhibition and genetic hepatic-specific inhibition. In pharmacological inhibition studies, male C57BL/6 mice were randomized to a high-fat (60% kcal fat) or normal (16% kcal fat) diet for 6-7 wk and pretreated with Stattic before inducing sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture. In genetic inhibition studies, mice were randomized by genotype before induction of sepsis. To investigate obesity in mice with hepatic-specific STAT3 inhibition, we randomized mice to a high-fat or normal diet as described above for 6 mo before induction of sepsis. Body composition was analyzed using EchoMRI. We found that systemic STAT3 inhibition by Stattic resulted in an increased inflammatory response and that obesity amplified this effect. We also found that genetically inhibiting STAT3 in the liver resulted in higher mortality, increased inflammation, and liver injury. High-fat-fed mice with hepatic STAT3 inhibition gained more weight and had more fat than control mice on the same diet, and obesity increased neutrophil infiltration to the liver of these mice during sepsis. In conclusion, STAT3 plays an important regulatory role in the inflammatory response during sepsis, and obesity contributes to the dysregulated response observed when STAT3 is inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Williamson
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Critical Care Medicine , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Itay Ayalon
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Critical Care Medicine , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Hui Shen
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Critical Care Medicine , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jennifer Kaplan
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Critical Care Medicine , Cincinnati, Ohio
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Interleukin-8 Activates Breast Cancer-Associated Adipocytes and Promotes Their Angiogenesis- and Tumorigenesis-Promoting Effects. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00332-18. [PMID: 30397072 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00332-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the critical role of active stromal adipocytes in breast cancer development and spread. However, the mediators and the mechanisms of action are still elusive. We show here that cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) isolated from 10 invasive breast carcinomas are proinflammatory and exhibit active phenotypes, including higher proliferative, invasive, and migratory capacities compared to their adjacent tumor-counterpart adipocytes (TCAs). Furthermore, all CAAs secreted higher level of interleukin-8 (IL-8), which is critical in mediating the paracrine procarcinogenic effects of these cells. Importantly, ectopic expression of IL-8 in TCA cells activated them and enhanced their procarcinogenic effects both in vitro, in a STAT3-dependent manner, and in vivo In contrast, inhibition of the IL-8 signaling using specific short hairpin RNA, anti-IL-8 antibody, or reparixin suppressed the active features of CAAs, including their non-cell-autonomous tumor-promoting activities both on breast luminal cells and in orthotopic tumor xenografts in mice. IL-8 played also an important role in enhancing the proangiogenic effects of breast adipocytes. These results provide clear indication that IL-8 plays key roles in the activation of breast CAAs and acts as a major mediator for their paracrine protumorigenic effects. Thus, targeting CAAs by inhibiting the IL-8 pathway could have great therapeutic value.
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Wang Z, Aguilar EG, Luna JI, Dunai C, Khuat LT, Le CT, Mirsoian A, Minnar CM, Stoffel KM, Sturgill IR, Grossenbacher SK, Withers SS, Rebhun RB, Hartigan-O'Connor DJ, Méndez-Lagares G, Tarantal AF, Isseroff RR, Griffith TS, Schalper KA, Merleev A, Saha A, Maverakis E, Kelly K, Aljumaily R, Ibrahimi S, Mukherjee S, Machiorlatti M, Vesely SK, Longo DL, Blazar BR, Canter RJ, Murphy WJ, Monjazeb AM. Paradoxical effects of obesity on T cell function during tumor progression and PD-1 checkpoint blockade. Nat Med 2019; 25:141-151. [PMID: 30420753 PMCID: PMC6324991 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 511] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The recent successes of immunotherapy have shifted the paradigm in cancer treatment, but because only a percentage of patients are responsive to immunotherapy, it is imperative to identify factors impacting outcome. Obesity is reaching pandemic proportions and is a major risk factor for certain malignancies, but the impact of obesity on immune responses, in general and in cancer immunotherapy, is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate, across multiple species and tumor models, that obesity results in increased immune aging, tumor progression and PD-1-mediated T cell dysfunction which is driven, at least in part, by leptin. However, obesity is also associated with increased efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in both tumor-bearing mice and clinical cancer patients. These findings advance our understanding of obesity-induced immune dysfunction and its consequences in cancer and highlight obesity as a biomarker for some cancer immunotherapies. These data indicate a paradoxical impact of obesity on cancer. There is heightened immune dysfunction and tumor progression but also greater anti-tumor efficacy and survival after checkpoint blockade which directly targets some of the pathways activated in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Wang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ethan G Aguilar
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jesus I Luna
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Cordelia Dunai
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Lam T Khuat
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Catherine T Le
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Annie Mirsoian
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Christine M Minnar
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kevin M Stoffel
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ian R Sturgill
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Steven K Grossenbacher
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Sita S Withers
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Robert B Rebhun
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Dennis J Hartigan-O'Connor
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gema Méndez-Lagares
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alice F Tarantal
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - R Rivkah Isseroff
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Dermatology Service, Sacramento VA Medical Center, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Thomas S Griffith
- Department of Urology, Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kurt A Schalper
- Department of Pathology & Translational Immuno-oncology Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alexander Merleev
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Immune Monitoring Core, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Asim Saha
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Immune Monitoring Core, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Karen Kelly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis Schoolof Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Raid Aljumaily
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sami Ibrahimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sarbajit Mukherjee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael Machiorlatti
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sara K Vesely
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Dan L Longo
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Masonic Cancer Center and Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Robert J Canter
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis Schoolof Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| | - Arta M Monjazeb
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Universityof California School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Dam J. [Traffic and signalisation of the leptin receptor]. Biol Aujourdhui 2018; 212:35-43. [PMID: 30362454 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2018020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Receptors are the master regulators conveying the information provided by the hormone from the extracellular environment to the intracellular milieu. As a result, the level of receptors at the cell surface can determine the signaling strength. Regulation of receptor trafficking to the cell surface or receptor retention processes in intracellular compartments are key mechanisms for leptin receptor (ObR) activity. An alteration of these mechanisms leads to the development of obesity. However, the canonical mechanism of plasma membrane receptors activation is challenged by the discovery that intracellular receptors also have their own signaling activity inside specific intracellular compartments. These intracellular receptors can trigger signaling that regulates a particular function, different from, or in continuity with, surface receptor signaling. We will address both these aspects by focusing particularly on the case of the leptin receptor (ObR), i.e., i) the regulation of its level of exposure to the cell surface and its impact on the development of obesity, and ii) the discovery of its location and signaling in some intracellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Dam
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 22 Rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France
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Johnson C, Drummer C, Virtue A, Gao T, Wu S, Hernandez M, Singh L, Wang H, Yang XF. Increased Expression of Resistin in MicroRNA-155-Deficient White Adipose Tissues May Be a Possible Driver of Metabolically Healthy Obesity Transition to Classical Obesity. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1297. [PMID: 30369883 PMCID: PMC6194169 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported that microRNA-155 (miR-155) deficiency in ApoE-/- mice yields a novel metabolically healthy obese (MHO) model, which exhibits improved atherosclerosis but results in obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) without insulin resistance. Using experimental data mining approaches combined with experiments, we found that, among 109 miRNAs, miR-155, and miR-221 are significantly modulated in all four hyperlipidemia-related diseases (HRDs), namely atherosclerosis, NAFLD, obesity and type II diabetes (T2DM). MiR-155 is significantly upregulated in atherosclerosis and decreased in other HRDs. MiR-221 is increased in three HRDs but reduced in obesity. These findings led to our new classification of types I and II MHOs, which are regulated by miR-221 and miR-155, respectively. Western blots showed that the proinflammatory adipokine, resistin, is significantly increased in white adipose tissues (WAT) of the MHO mice, revealing our newly proposed, miR-155-suppressed “secondary wave inflammatory state (SWIS),” characteristic of MHO transition to classical obesity (CO). Taken together, we are first to show that MHO may have heterogeneity in comorbidities, and is therefore classified into type I, and type II MHOs; and that increased expression of resistin in miR-155-/- white adipose tissues may be a driver for SWIS in MHO transition to CO. Our findings provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of MHO, MHO transition to CO, hyperlipidemic pathways related to cancer, and new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Johnson
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles Drummer
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anthony Virtue
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tracy Gao
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Susu Wu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Miguel Hernandez
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lexy Singh
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Leptin Signaling in the Control of Metabolism and Appetite: Lessons from Animal Models. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 66:390-402. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Cuvelier E, Méquinion M, Leghay C, Sibran W, Stievenard A, Sarchione A, Bonte MA, Vanbesien-Mailliot C, Viltart O, Saitoski K, Caron E, Labarthe A, Comptdaer T, Semaille P, Carrié H, Mutez E, Gressier B, Destée A, Chartier-Harlin MC, Belarbi K. Overexpression of Wild-Type Human Alpha-Synuclein Causes Metabolism Abnormalities in Thy1-aSYN Transgenic Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:321. [PMID: 30333721 PMCID: PMC6176013 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons, pathological accumulation of alpha-synuclein and motor symptoms, but also by non-motor symptoms. Metabolic abnormalities including body weight loss have been reported in patients and could precede by several years the emergence of classical motor manifestations. However, our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying body weight loss in PD is limited. The present study investigated the links between alpha-synuclein accumulation and energy metabolism in transgenic mice overexpressing Human wild-type (WT) alpha-synuclein under the Thy1 promoter (Thy1-aSYN mice). Results showed that Thy1-aSYN mice gained less body weight throughout life than WT mice, with significant difference observed from 3 months of age. Body composition analysis of 6-month-old transgenic animals showed that body mass loss was due to lower adiposity. Thy1-aSYN mice displayed lower food consumption, increased spontaneous activity, as well as a reduced energy expenditure compared to control mice. While no significant change in glucose or insulin responses were observed, Thy1-aSYN mice had significantly lower plasmatic levels of insulin and leptin than control animals. Moreover, the pathological accumulation of alpha-synuclein in the hypothalamus of 6-month-old Thy1-aSYN mice was associated with a down-regulation of the phosphorylated active form of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and of Rictor (the mTORC2 signaling pathway), known to couple hormonal signals with the maintenance of metabolic and energy homeostasis. Collectively, our results suggest that (i) metabolic alterations are an important phenotype of alpha-synuclein overexpression in mice and that (ii) impaired STAT3 activation and mTORC2 levels in the hypothalamus may underlie the disruption of feeding regulation and energy metabolism in Thy1-aSYN mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Cuvelier
- UMR-S 1172, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mathieu Méquinion
- UMR-S 1172, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Coline Leghay
- UMR-S 1172, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - William Sibran
- UMR-S 1172, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Aliçia Stievenard
- UMR-S 1172, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Alessia Sarchione
- UMR-S 1172, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Marie-Amandine Bonte
- UMR-S 1172, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christel Vanbesien-Mailliot
- UMR-S 1172, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Odile Viltart
- UMR-S 1172, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Kevin Saitoski
- UMR-S 1172, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Emilie Caron
- UMR-S 1172, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Alexandra Labarthe
- UMR 894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Comptdaer
- UMR-S 1172, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Semaille
- UMR-S 1172, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Hélène Carrié
- UMR-S 1172, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Eugénie Mutez
- UMR-S 1172, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bernard Gressier
- UMR-S 1172, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Alain Destée
- UMR-S 1172, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Marie-Christine Chartier-Harlin
- UMR-S 1172, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Karim Belarbi
- UMR-S 1172, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
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Augmented Insulin and Leptin Resistance of High Fat Diet-Fed APPswe/PS1dE9 Transgenic Mice Exacerbate Obesity and Glycemic Dysregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082333. [PMID: 30096853 PMCID: PMC6121904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease is highly associated with metabolic syndromes. We previously demonstrated that glycemic dysregulation and obesity are augmented in high fat diet (HFD)-treated APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) transgenic mice. In the current study, the underlying mechanism mediating exacerbated metabolic stresses in HFD APP/PS1 transgenic mice was further examined. APP/PS1 mice developed insulin resistance and, consequently, impaired glucose homeostasis after 10 weeks on HFD. [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([18F]-FDG) positron emission tomography showed that interscapular brown adipose tissue is vulnerable to HFD and AD-related pathology. Chronic HFD induced hyperphagia, with limited effects on basal metabolic rates in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Excessive food intake may be caused by impairment of leptin signaling in the hypothalamus because leptin failed to suppress the food intake of HFD APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Leptin-induced pSTAT3 signaling in the arcuate nucleus was attenuated. Dysregulated energy homeostasis including hyperphagia and exacerbated obesity was elicited prior to the presence of the amyloid pathology in the hypothalamus of HFD APP/PS1 transgenic mice; nevertheless, cortical neuroinflammation and the level of serum Aβ and IL-6 were significantly elevated. Our study demonstrates the pivotal role of AD-related pathology in augmenting HFD-induced insulin and leptin resistance and impairing hypothalamic regulation of energy homeostasis.
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50
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Almeida SM, Furtado JM, Mascarenhas P, Ferraz ME, Ferreira JC, Monteiro MP, Vilanova M, Ferraz FP. Association between LEPR, FTO, MC4R, and PPARG-2 polymorphisms with obesity traits and metabolic phenotypes in school-aged children. Endocrine 2018; 60:466-478. [PMID: 29679223 PMCID: PMC5937906 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluate the relationship of leptin receptor (LEPR) rs1137101, fat mass obesity-associated (FTO) receptors 9939609, melanocortin-4 receptors (MC4R) rs2229616 and rs17782313, and proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARG) rs1801282 with clinical and metabolic phenotypes in prepubertal children. RESEARCH QUESTION What is the effect of polymorphisms on clinical and metabolic phenotypes in prepubertal children? METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed to evaluate anthropometric features, percentage body fat (%BF), biochemical parameters, and genotype in 773 prepubertal children. RESULTS FTO rs9939609 was associated with an increase in body mass index (BMI) and BMI z-score (zBMI). MC4R rs17782313 was associated with a decrease in BMI and +0.06 units in zBMI. LEPR, and PPARG-2 polymorphisms were associated with decreases in BMI and an increase and decrease units in zBMI, respectively. The homozygous SNPs demonstrated increases (FTO rs993609 and MC4R rs17782313) and decreases (LEPR rs1137101, PPARG rs1801282) in zBMI than the homozygous form of the major allele. In the overweight/obese group, the MC4R rs17782313 CC genotype showed higher average weight, zBMI, waist circumference, waist-circumference-to-height ratio, and waist-hip ratio, and lower BMI, mid-upper arm circumference, calf circumference, and %BF (P< 0.05). FTO rs9939609 AT and AA genotypes were associated with lower triglycerides (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We showed that MC4R rs17782313 and FTO rs9939609 were positively associated with zBMI, with weak and very weak effects, respectively, suggesting a very scarce contribution to childhood obesity. LEPR rs1137101 and PPARG-2 rs1801282 had weak and medium negative effects on zBMI, respectively, and may slightly protect against childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia M Almeida
- Centro de Genética Médica e Nutrição Pediátrica Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário, Monte da Caparica, Portugal.
- Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário, Monte da Caparica, Portugal.
| | - José M Furtado
- Centro de Genética Médica e Nutrição Pediátrica Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário, Monte da Caparica, Portugal
- Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário, Monte da Caparica, Portugal
| | - Paulo Mascarenhas
- Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário, Monte da Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria E Ferraz
- Centro de Genética Médica e Nutrição Pediátrica Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário, Monte da Caparica, Portugal
| | - José C Ferreira
- Centro de Genética Médica e Nutrição Pediátrica Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário, Monte da Caparica, Portugal
| | - Mariana P Monteiro
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology Group, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine UMIB, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Vilanova
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, and IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando P Ferraz
- Centro de Genética Médica e Nutrição Pediátrica Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário, Monte da Caparica, Portugal
- Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário, Monte da Caparica, Portugal
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