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Omidvar S, Vahedian V, Sourani Z, Yari D, Asadi M, Jafari N, Khodavirdilou L, Bagherieh M, Shirzad M, Hosseini V. The molecular crosstalk between innate immunity and DNA damage repair/response: Interactions and effects in cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155405. [PMID: 38981346 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
DNA damage can lead to erroneous alterations and mutations which in turn can result into wide range of disease condition including aging, severe inflammation, and, most importantly, cancer. Due to the constant exposure to high-risk factors such as exogenous and endogenous DNA-damaging agents, cells may experience DNA damage impairing stability and integrity of the genome. These perturbations in DNA structure can arise from several mutations in the genome. Therefore, DNA Damage Repair/Response (DDR) detects and then corrects these potentially tumorigenic problems by inducing processes such as DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, etc. Additionally, DDR can activate signaling pathways related to immune system as a protective mechanism against genome damage. These protective machineries are ignited and spread through a network of molecules including DNA damage sensors, transducers, kinases and downstream effectors. In this review, we are going to discuss the molecular crosstalk between innate immune system and DDR, as well as their potential effects on cancer pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Omidvar
- Cancer Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Vahid Vahedian
- Department of Hematology, Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapy, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Clinical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP-HC), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Clinical Medicine, Division of Medical Investigation Laboratory (LIM-31), Clinical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP-HC), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Comprehensive Center for Translational and Precision Oncology (CTO), SP State Cancer Institute (ICESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Zahra Sourani
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Davood Yari
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Asadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Negin Jafari
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Lida Khodavirdilou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), Amarillo, TX, USA.
| | - Molood Bagherieh
- Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, Iran.
| | - Moein Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Vahid Hosseini
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran; Infectious Diseases Research Center, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
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Peng-Cheng L, Meng-Na L, Jian-Bin L, Shu-Jiao Y, Wu R. Advancements on the impact of hydroxychloroquine in systemic lupus erythematosus. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30393. [PMID: 38711668 PMCID: PMC11070867 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has gained significant attention as a therapeutic option for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) because of its multifaceted mechanism of action. It is a lipophilic, lysosomotropic drug, that easily traverses cell membranes and accumulates in lysosomes. Once accumulated, HCQ alkalizes lysosomes within the cytoplasm, thereby disrupting their function and interfering with processes like antigen presentation. Additionally, HCQ has shown potential in modulating T-cell responses, inhibiting cytokine production, and influencing Toll-like receptor signaling. Its immunomodulatory effects have generated interest in its application for autoimmune disorders. Despite its established efficacy, uncertainties persist regarding the optimal therapeutic concentrations and their correlation with adverse effects such as retinal toxicity. Therefore, standardized dosing and monitoring guidelines are crucial. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review of the mechanisms, efficacy, dosing variations, and retinal toxicity profiles of HCQ, which are essential to optimize SLE treatment protocols and ensure patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Peng-Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lv Meng-Na
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Li Jian-Bin
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Shu-Jiao
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Cordova Sanchez A, Khokhar F, Olonoff DA, Carhart RL. Hydroxychloroquine and Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024; 38:297-304. [PMID: 36197529 PMCID: PMC9532807 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Some studies have reported a decrease in CVD in patients with RA using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Most of these have had fewer participants and have analyzed only composite outcomes. We aimed to identify the association between the use of HCQ in patients with RA and the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), cerebral infarction, and AMI. METHODS This was a retrospective observational study using the TriNetX Diamond Network. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to equilibrate the cohorts. The dependent variables in our study were MACE, cerebral infarction, and AMI. RESULTS A total of 2,261,643 patients with RA were identified. Approximately 6% had been prescribed HCQ. Of those prescribed HCQ, 80% (112,743) were females, while of those not prescribed HCQ, 72.5% (1,536,937) were females. HCQ was associated with lower rates of MACE (HR 0.827, 95%CI 0.8,0.86), cerebral infarction (HR 0.824, 95% CI 0.78,0.87), and AMI (HR 0.9, 95% CI 0.85,0.96). These associations were not seen in patients taking biologics. HCQ was associated with lower MACE in all other subgroups. CONCLUSION In conclusion, HCQ was slightly beneficial in decreasing MACE and cerebral infarction in patients with RA. These associations were significantly lower in patients taking methotrexate or biologics. Although there was a significant decrease in the risk of AMI in all patients with RA, these results were not replicated in subgroup analyses, and there was an apparent increased risk of AMI with the use of HCQ in patients using biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Cordova Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Rm. 5138. 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - Farzam Khokhar
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Rm. 5138. 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Danielle A Olonoff
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Rm. 5138. 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Robert L Carhart
- Division of Cardiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
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Ma J, Wang L, Zhao Y, Gao Y, Yin Z, Zhao M, Zhao Y, Pang X, Wang J, Xue W, Tu P, Li J, Zheng J. 2-(2-Phenylethyl)chromone-enriched extract of Chinese agarwood (Aquilaria sinensis) inhibits atherosclerosis progression through endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated CD36 expression in macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117411. [PMID: 37956912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chinese agarwood, derived from the Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg (Thymelaeaceae), has a long history of use in Traditional Chinese Medicine for the management of cardiovascular disease. However, the specific active ingredients responsible for its impact on atherosclerosis are yet to be fully understood. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-atherosclerotic effectiveness of the 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone-enriched extract derived from Chinese agarwood (CPE) through the ER stress-mediated CD36 pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS To assess the effectiveness of CPE, an atherosclerotic mouse model was established using ApoE-/- mice with a high-fat diet. Then we assessed the impact of CPE on lipid accumulation in THP-1 macrophages that were exposed to oxLDL. Subsequently, the effect of CPE on the expression of CD36 and markers related to ER stress was characterized. RESULTS Our in vivo research confirmed that CPE effectively reduces the formation of aortic plaques in atherosclerotic ApoE-/- mice. Additionally, our in vitro study observed that CPE inhibits the uptake of oxLDL and hinders the generation of foam cells. This effect is achieved by downregulating the level of CD36 in macrophages. Furthermore, our study revealed that the increase in CD36 expression, resulting from oxLDL exposure, is governed by the activation of JNK1/2/3 signaling pathways and the initiation of ER stress. CONCLUSION CPE demonstrated significant efficacy to inhibit the atherosclerosis. The ER stress/P-JNK/PPARγ/CD36 signaling pathway plays critical involvement in modulating the foam cell formation in vitro and in vivo. These findings underscore the efficacy of CPE as a viable therapeutic intervention for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Ma
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yun Gao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ziyu Yin
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Maoyuan Zhao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yunfang Zhao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xueping Pang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Junjiao Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Weigang Xue
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jiao Zheng
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Yamanishi K, Hata M, Gamachi N, Watanabe Y, Yamanishi C, Okamura H, Matsunaga H. Molecular Mechanisms of IL18 in Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17170. [PMID: 38139000 PMCID: PMC10743479 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 18 (IL18) was originally identified as an inflammation-induced cytokine that is secreted by immune cells. An increasing number of studies have focused on its non-immunological functions, with demonstrated functions for IL18 in energy homeostasis and neural stability. IL18 is reportedly required for lipid metabolism in the liver and brown adipose tissue. Furthermore, IL18 (Il18) deficiency in mice leads to mitochondrial dysfunction in hippocampal cells, resulting in depressive-like symptoms and cognitive impairment. Microarray analyses of Il18-/- mice have revealed a set of genes with differential expression in liver, brown adipose tissue, and brain; however, the impact of IL18 deficiency in these tissues remains uncertain. In this review article, we discuss these genes, with a focus on their relationships with the phenotypic disease traits of Il18-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Yamanishi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1 Mukogawa, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Psychoimmunology, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1 Mukogawa, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masaki Hata
- Department of Psychoimmunology, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1 Mukogawa, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Naomi Gamachi
- Department of Psychoimmunology, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1 Mukogawa, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yuko Watanabe
- Hirakata General Hospital for Developmental Disorders, Hirakata 573-0122, Osaka, Japan; (Y.W.); (C.Y.)
| | - Chiaki Yamanishi
- Hirakata General Hospital for Developmental Disorders, Hirakata 573-0122, Osaka, Japan; (Y.W.); (C.Y.)
| | - Haruki Okamura
- Department of Psychoimmunology, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1 Mukogawa, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hisato Matsunaga
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1 Mukogawa, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Psychoimmunology, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1 Mukogawa, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan
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Liu D, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Huang Q, Meng W, Gao J, Mo X, Tian H, Li S. Chloroquine Alleviates Atherosclerosis by Modulating Regulatory T Cells Through the ATM/AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway in ApoE -/- Mice. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2023; 131:676-685. [PMID: 38056492 DOI: 10.1055/a-2201-8728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical observation suggests the atheroprotective effect of chloroquine and its derivatives, while its mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to observe the protective effect of chloroquine against atherosclerosis and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) wild-type or haploinsufficient apolipoprotein-E-knockout (ATM+/+ApoE-/- or ATM+/-ApoE-/-) mice were treated with different dosages of chloroquine. Anti-CD25 antibody was used to deplete natural Tregs in ATM+/+ApoE-/- mice. The atherosclerotic burden in different groups of mice was comprehensively evaluated by H&E staining and Masson staining. The effect of chloroquine on the regulatory T cells (Tregs) was assessed in vivo and in vitro by flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining. The expression of related proteins was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. RESULTS In ATM+/+ApoE-/- mice, chloroquine alleviated atherosclerotic lesions, stabilized the plaque, and increased Treg counts in the atherosclerotic lesions and spleens. However, in ATM haploinsufficient mice (ATM+/-ApoE-/-), chloroquine no longer prevented atherosclerosis or impacted Treg counts. Abolishing Treg cells using an anti-CD25 antibody in vivo abrogated the atheroprotective effect of chloroquine. In vitro, chloroquine promoted the differentiation of Tregs from naïve T cells, which was accompanied by enhanced ATM/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and reduced downstream mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that chloroquine ameliorates atherosclerosis and stabilizes plaque by modulating Tregs differentiation through the regulation of the ATM/AMPK/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu, China
| | - Yiyi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiaorong Huang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wentong Meng
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhang Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianming Mo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoming Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheyu Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Bloom SI, Tucker JR, Machin DR, Abdeahad H, Adeyemo AO, Thomas TG, Bramwell RC, Lesniewski LA, Donato AJ. Reduction of double-strand DNA break repair exacerbates vascular aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:9913-9947. [PMID: 37787989 PMCID: PMC10599741 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Advanced age is the greatest risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death. Arterial function is impaired in advanced age which contributes to the development of CVD. One underexplored hypothesis is that DNA damage within arteries leads to this dysfunction, yet evidence demonstrating the incidence and physiological consequences of DNA damage in arteries, and in particular, in the microvasculature, in advanced age is limited. In the present study, we began by assessing the abundance of DNA damage in human and mouse lung microvascular endothelial cells and found that aging increases the percentage of cells with DNA damage. To explore the physiological consequences of increases in arterial DNA damage, we evaluated measures of endothelial function, microvascular and glycocalyx properties, and arterial stiffness in mice that were lacking or heterozygous for the double-strand DNA break repair protein ATM kinase. Surprisingly, in young mice, vascular function remained unchanged which led us to rationalize that perhaps aging is required to accumulate DNA damage. Indeed, in comparison to wild type littermate controls, mice heterozygous for ATM that were aged to ~18 mo (Old ATM +/-) displayed an accelerated vascular aging phenotype characterized by increases in arterial DNA damage, senescence signaling, and impairments in endothelium-dependent dilation due to elevated oxidative stress. Furthermore, old ATM +/- mice had reduced microvascular density and glycocalyx thickness as well as increased arterial stiffness. Collectively, these data demonstrate that DNA damage that accumulates in arteries in advanced age contributes to arterial dysfunction that is known to drive CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel I. Bloom
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
| | - Jordan R. Tucker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
| | - Daniel R. Machin
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Hossein Abdeahad
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
| | - AdeLola O. Adeyemo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
| | - Tyler G. Thomas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
| | - R. Colton Bramwell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
| | - Lisa A. Lesniewski
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center-Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
| | - Anthony J. Donato
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center-Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
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McCann JJ, Fleenor DE, Chen J, Lai CH, Bass TE, Kastan MB. Participation of ATM, SMG1, and DDX5 in a DNA Damage-Induced Alternative Splicing Pathway. Radiat Res 2023; 199:406-421. [PMID: 36921295 PMCID: PMC10162594 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00219.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Altered cellular responses to DNA damage can contribute to cancer development, progression, and therapeutic resistance. Mutations in key DNA damage response factors occur across many cancer types, and the DNA damage-responsive gene, TP53, is frequently mutated in a high percentage of cancers. We recently reported that an alternative splicing pathway induced by DNA damage regulates alternative splicing of TP53 RNA and further modulates cellular stress responses. Through damage-induced inhibition of the SMG1 kinase, TP53 pre-mRNA is alternatively spliced to generate TP53b mRNA and p53b protein is required for optimal induction of cellular senescence after ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage. Herein, we confirmed and extended these observations by demonstrating that the ATM protein kinase is required for repression of SMG1 kinase activity after ionizing radiation. We found that the RNA helicase and splicing factor, DDX5, interacts with SMG1, is required for alternative splicing of TP53 pre-mRNA to TP53b and TP53c mRNAs after DNA damage, and contributes to radiation-induced cellular senescence. Interestingly, the role of SMG1 in alternative splicing of p53 appears to be distinguishable from its role in regulating nonsense-mediated RNA decay. Thus, ATM, SMG1, and DDX5 participate in a DNA damage-induced alternative splicing pathway that regulates TP53 splicing and modulates radiation-induced cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J. McCann
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Donald E. Fleenor
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Chun-Hsiang Lai
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Thomas E. Bass
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Michael B. Kastan
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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Ahmad S, Tan M, Hamid S. DNA repair mechanisms: Exploring potentials of nutraceutical. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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10
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Bloom SI, Tucker JR, Lim J, Thomas TG, Stoddard GJ, Lesniewski LA, Donato AJ. Aging results in DNA damage and telomere dysfunction that is greater in endothelial versus vascular smooth muscle cells and is exacerbated in atheroprone regions. GeroScience 2022; 44:2741-2755. [PMID: 36350415 PMCID: PMC9768045 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease which is associated with arterial senescence; however, the mechanisms responsible for the development of cellular senescence in endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) remain elusive. Here, we study the effect of aging on arterial DNA damage and telomere dysfunction. Aging resulted in greater DNA damage in ECs than VSMCs. Further, telomere dysfunction-associated DNA damage foci (TAF: DNA damage signaling at telomeres) were elevated with aging in ECs but not VMSCs. Telomere length was modestly reduced in ECs with aging and not sufficient to induce telomere dysfunction. DNA damage and telomere dysfunction were greatest in atheroprone regions (aortic minor arch) versus non-atheroprone regions (thoracic aorta). Collectively, these data demonstrate that aging results in DNA damage and telomere dysfunction that is greater in ECs than VSMCs and elevated in atheroprone aortic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel I Bloom
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jordan R Tucker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, VA Medical Center-SLC, GRECC Building 2, Rm 2D15A, 500 Foothill Dr., Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jisok Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, VA Medical Center-SLC, GRECC Building 2, Rm 2D15A, 500 Foothill Dr., Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tyler G Thomas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, VA Medical Center-SLC, GRECC Building 2, Rm 2D15A, 500 Foothill Dr., Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Gregory J Stoddard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, VA Medical Center-SLC, GRECC Building 2, Rm 2D15A, 500 Foothill Dr., Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lisa A Lesniewski
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, VA Medical Center-SLC, GRECC Building 2, Rm 2D15A, 500 Foothill Dr., Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Geriatric Research and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center-Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anthony J Donato
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, VA Medical Center-SLC, GRECC Building 2, Rm 2D15A, 500 Foothill Dr., Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Geriatric Research and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center-Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Zhao P, Huo H, Li J, Zhang W, Liu C, Jin B, Wang H, Wang C. JNK pathway-associated phosphatase in acute ischemic stroke patients: Its correlation with T helper cells, clinical properties, and recurrence risk. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24535. [PMID: 35808912 PMCID: PMC9396169 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective JKAP modifies T‐cell immune response and inflammation, also involves in cardia‐cerebrovascular disease etiology. This study intended to explore JKAP's relation with T‐helper 1 (Th1), T‐helper 17 (Th17) cell levels, clinical properties, and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Methods A total of 155 AIS patients were analyzed. Serum JKAP, interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), and interleukin‐17A (IL‐17A) were detected by ELISA; then blood Th1 and Th17 cells were quantified by flow cytometry. Besides, 30 healthy subjects were enrolled as controls to detect JKAP, Th1, and Th17 cells. Results JKAP level was lower (p < 0.001), Th1 cells were not differed (p = 0.068), but Th17 cells were elevated in AIS patients versus controls (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, JKAP was negatively correlated with Th1 cells (p = 0.038), Th17 cells (P<0.001), IFN‐γ (p = 0.002), and IL‐17A (p < 0.001) in AIS patients. JKAP was negatively associated with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (p < 0.001), but Th17 cells (p = 0.001), IFN‐γ (p = 0.035), and IL‐17A (p = 0.008) levels were positively associated with NIHSS score. Additionally, accumulating RFS was numerically longer in patients with JKAP Quantile (Q) 4 than patients with JKAP Q1–Q3 (p = 0.068), and numerically better in patients with JKAP Q3–Q4 than patients with JKAP Q1–Q2 (p = 0.069), but without statistical significance. Conclusion JKAP correlates with lower Th1 and Th17 cell percentages as well as milder disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhao
- Second Department of Neurology, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Huiyong Huo
- Second Department of Neurology, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Juntao Li
- Second Department of Neurology, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Second Department of Neurology, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Second Department of Neurology, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Bei Jin
- First Department of Pediatric Surgery, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Second Department of Neurology, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Chaohui Wang
- Second Department of Neurology, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
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12
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Shah P, McGuigan CW, Cheng S, Vanpouille-Box C, Demaria S, Weiss RS, Lammerding J. ATM Modulates Nuclear Mechanics by Regulating Lamin A Levels. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:875132. [PMID: 35721517 PMCID: PMC9198445 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.875132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is one of the three main apical kinases at the crux of DNA damage response and repair in mammalian cells. ATM activates a cascade of downstream effector proteins to regulate DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoints in response to DNA double-strand breaks. While ATM is predominantly known for its role in DNA damage response and repair, new roles of ATM have recently begun to emerge, such as in regulating oxidative stress or metabolic pathways. Here, we report the surprising discovery that ATM inhibition and deletion lead to reduced expression of the nuclear envelope protein lamin A. Lamins are nuclear intermediate filaments that modulate nuclear shape, structure, and stiffness. Accordingly, inhibition or deletion of ATM resulted in increased nuclear deformability and enhanced cell migration through confined spaces, which requires substantial nuclear deformation. These findings point to a novel connection between ATM and lamin A and may have broad implications for cells with ATM mutations—as found in patients suffering from Ataxia Telangiectasia and many human cancers—which could lead to enhanced cell migration and increased metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Shah
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Connor W. McGuigan
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Svea Cheng
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Claire Vanpouille-Box
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Robert S. Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Jan Lammerding,
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13
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Aguado J, Gómez-Inclán C, Leeson HC, Lavin MF, Shiloh Y, Wolvetang EJ. The hallmarks of aging in Ataxia-Telangiectasia. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101653. [PMID: 35644374 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is caused by absence of the catalytic activity of ATM, a protein kinase that plays a central role in the DNA damage response, many branches of cellular metabolism, redox and mitochondrial homeostasis, and cell cycle regulation. A-T is a complex disorder characterized mainly by progressive cerebellar degeneration, immunodeficiency, radiation sensitivity, genome instability, and predisposition to cancer. It is increasingly recognized that the premature aging component of A-T is an important driver of this disease, and A-T is therefore an attractive model to study the aging process. This review outlines the current state of knowledge pertaining to the molecular and cellular signatures of aging in A-T and proposes how these new insights can guide novel therapeutic approaches for A-T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Aguado
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Cecilia Gómez-Inclán
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hannah C Leeson
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Martin F Lavin
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yosef Shiloh
- The David and Inez Myers Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ernst J Wolvetang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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14
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Borror MB, Girotti M, Kar A, Cain MK, Gao X, MacKay VL, Herron B, Bhaskaran S, Becerra S, Novy N, Ventura N, Johnson TE, Kennedy BK, Rea SL. Inhibition of ATR Reverses a Mitochondrial Respiratory Insufficiency. Cells 2022; 11:1731. [PMID: 35681427 PMCID: PMC9179431 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases that affect the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) often manifest as threshold effect disorders, meaning patients only become symptomatic once a certain level of ETC dysfunction is reached. Cells can invoke mechanisms to circumvent reaching their critical ETC threshold, but it is an ongoing challenge to identify such processes. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, severe reduction of mitochondrial ETC activity shortens life, but mild reduction actually extends it, providing an opportunity to identify threshold circumvention mechanisms. Here, we show that removal of ATL-1, but not ATM-1, worm orthologs of ATR and ATM, respectively, key nuclear DNA damage checkpoint proteins in human cells, unexpectedly lessens the severity of ETC dysfunction. Multiple genetic and biochemical tests show no evidence for increased mutation or DNA breakage in animals exposed to ETC disruption. Reduced ETC function instead alters nucleotide ratios within both the ribo- and deoxyribo-nucleotide pools, and causes stalling of RNA polymerase, which is also known to activate ATR. Unexpectedly, atl-1 mutants confronted with mitochondrial ETC disruption maintain normal levels of oxygen consumption, and have an increased abundance of translating ribosomes. This suggests checkpoint signaling by ATL-1 normally dampens cytoplasmic translation. Taken together, our data suggest a model whereby ETC insufficiency in C. elegans results in nucleotide imbalances leading to the stalling of RNA polymerase, activation of ATL-1, dampening of global translation, and magnification of ETC dysfunction. The loss of ATL-1 effectively reverses the severity of ETC disruption so that animals become phenotypically closer to wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan B. Borror
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.B.B.); (M.G.); (A.K.); (M.K.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Milena Girotti
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.B.B.); (M.G.); (A.K.); (M.K.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Adwitiya Kar
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.B.B.); (M.G.); (A.K.); (M.K.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Meghan K. Cain
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.B.B.); (M.G.); (A.K.); (M.K.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Vivian L. MacKay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (V.L.M.); (B.K.K.)
| | - Brent Herron
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (B.H.); (T.E.J.)
| | - Shylesh Bhaskaran
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.B.B.); (M.G.); (A.K.); (M.K.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Sandra Becerra
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.B.B.); (M.G.); (A.K.); (M.K.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Nathan Novy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Natascia Ventura
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 103045 Düsseldorf, Germany;
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, 103045 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas E. Johnson
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (B.H.); (T.E.J.)
| | - Brian K. Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (V.L.M.); (B.K.K.)
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Shane L. Rea
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.B.B.); (M.G.); (A.K.); (M.K.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
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15
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Lim YC, Jensen KE, Aguilar-Morante D, Vardouli L, Vitting-Seerup K, Gimple RC, Wu Q, Pedersen H, Elbaek KJ, Gromova I, Ihnatko R, Kristensen BW, Petersen JK, Skjoth-Rasmussen J, Flavahan W, Rich JN, Hamerlik P. Non-metabolic functions of phosphofructokinase-1 orchestrate tumor cellular invasion and genome maintenance under bevacizumab therapy. Neuro Oncol 2022; 25:248-260. [PMID: 35608632 PMCID: PMC9925708 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly lethal malignancy for which neoangiogenesis serves as a defining hallmark. The anti-VEGF antibody, bevacizumab, has been approved for the treatment of recurrent GBM, but resistance is universal. METHODS We analyzed expression data of GBM patients treated with bevacizumab to discover potential resistance mechanisms. Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and cultures were interrogated for effects of phosphofructokinase-1, muscle isoform (PFKM) loss on tumor cell motility, migration, and invasion through genetic and pharmacologic targeting. RESULTS We identified PFKM as a driver of bevacizumab resistance. PFKM functions dichotomize based on subcellular location: cytosolic PFKM interacted with KIF11, a tubular motor protein, to promote tumor invasion, whereas nuclear PFKM safeguarded genomic stability of tumor cells through interaction with NBS1. Leveraging differential transcriptional profiling, bupivacaine phenocopied genetic targeting of PFKM, and enhanced efficacy of bevacizumab in preclinical GBM models in vivo. CONCLUSION PFKM drives novel molecular pathways in GBM, offering a translational path to a novel therapeutic paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kristoffer Vitting-Seerup
- Danish Cancer Society, Denmark,Department of Health Technology, Danish Technical University, Denmark
| | - Ryan C Gimple
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Robert Ihnatko
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Goettingen University, Germany
| | | | - Jeanette K Petersen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | | | - William Flavahan
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Corresponding Author: Jeremy Rich, MD, MHS, MBA, UPMC Cancer Pavilion, 5150 Centre Avenue, 5th Floor Pittsburgh, PA 15232; Tel: 4126233364 ()
| | - Petra Hamerlik
- Corresponding Author: Petra Hamerlik, MSc, PhD, Brain Tumor Biology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Tel: 35257413 ()
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16
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Plin5, a New Target in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2122856. [PMID: 35509833 PMCID: PMC9060988 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2122856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal lipid accumulation is commonly observed in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC), which can create a lipotoxic microenvironment and damage cardiomyocytes. Lipid toxicity is an important pathogenic factor due to abnormal lipid accumulation in DC. As a lipid droplet (LD) decomposition barrier, Plin5 can protect LDs from lipase decomposition and regulate lipid metabolism, which is involved in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, studies have shown that Plin5 expression is involved in the pathogenesis of DC lipid toxicity, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and insulin resistance (IR) and has become a key target of DC research. Therefore, understanding the relationship between Plin5 and DC progression as well as the mechanism of this process is crucial for developing new therapeutic approaches and exploring new therapeutic targets. This review is aimed at exploring the latest findings and roles of Plin5 in lipid metabolism and DC-related pathogenesis, to explore possible clinical intervention approaches.
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17
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Metabolic Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Ataxia-Telangiectasia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040653. [PMID: 35453338 PMCID: PMC9032508 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein kinase is, as the name implies, mutated in the human genetic disorder ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T). This protein has its “finger in many pies”, being responsible for the phosphorylation of many thousands of proteins in different signaling pathways in its role in protecting the cell against a variety of different forms of stress that threaten to perturb cellular homeostasis. The classical role of ATM is the protection against DNA damage, but it is evident that it also plays a key role in maintaining cell homeostasis in the face of oxidative and other forms of non-DNA damaging stress. The presence of ATM is not only in the nucleus to cope with damage to DNA, but also in association with other organelles in the cytoplasm, which suggests a greater protective role. This review attempts to address this greater role of ATM in protecting the cell against both external and endogenous damage.
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18
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Vessey KA, Jobling AI, Tran MX, Wang AY, Greferath U, Fletcher EL. Treatments targeting autophagy ameliorate the age-related macular degeneration phenotype in mice lacking APOE (apolipoprotein E). Autophagy 2022; 18:2368-2384. [PMID: 35196199 PMCID: PMC9542759 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2034131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss with recent evidence indicating an important role for macroautophagy/autophagy in disease progression. In this study we investigate the efficacy of targeting autophagy for slowing dysfunction in a mouse model with features of early AMD. Mice lacking APOE (apolipoprotein E; B6.129P2-Apoetm1UncJ/Arc) and C57BL/6 J- (wild-type, WT) mice were treated with metformin or trehalose in the drinking water from 5 months of age and the ocular phenotype investigated at 13 months. Control mice received normal drinking water. APOE-control mice had reduced retinal function and thickening of Bruch’s membrane consistent with an early AMD phenotype. Immunohistochemical labeling showed reductions in MAP1LC3B/LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta) and LAMP1 (lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1) labeling in the photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). This correlated with increased LC3-II:LC3-I ratio and alterations in protein expression in multiple autophagy pathways measured by reverse phase protein array, suggesting autophagy was slowed. Treatment of APOE-mice with metformin or trehalose ameliorated the loss of retinal function and reduced Bruch’s membrane thickening, enhancing LC3 and LAMP1 labeling in the ocular tissues and restoring LC3-II:LC3-I ratio to WT levels. Protein analysis indicated that both treatments boost ATM-AMPK driven autophagy. Additionally, trehalose increased p-MAPK14/p38 to enhance autophagy. Our study shows that treatments targeting pathways to enhance autophagy have the potential for treating early AMD and provide support for the use of metformin, which has been found to reduce the risk of AMD development in human patients.Abbreviations:AMD: age-related macular degeneration; AMPK: 5’ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase APOE: apolipoprotein E; ATM: ataxia telangiectasia mutated; BCL2L1/Bcl-xL: BCL2-like 1; DAPI: 4ʹ-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; ERG: electroretinogram; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GCL: ganglion cell layer; INL: inner nuclear layer; IPL: inner plexiform layer; IS/OS: inner and outer photoreceptor segments; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; MAP1LC3B/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; OCT: optical coherence tomography; ONL: outer nuclear layer; OPs: oscillatory potentials; p-EIF4EBP1: phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1; p-MAPK14/p38: phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase 14; RPE: retinal pigment epithelium; RPS6KB/p70 S6 kinase: ribosomal protein S6 kinase; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TP53/TRP53/p53: tumor related protein 53; TSC2: TSC complex subunit 2; WT: wild type
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstan A Vessey
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Level 5, Medical Building, Grattan St, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Andrew I Jobling
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Level 5, Medical Building, Grattan St, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Mai X Tran
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Level 5, Medical Building, Grattan St, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Anna Y Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Level 5, Medical Building, Grattan St, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Ursula Greferath
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Level 5, Medical Building, Grattan St, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Erica L Fletcher
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Level 5, Medical Building, Grattan St, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
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19
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Yeo AJ, Subramanian GN, Chong KL, Gatei M, Parton RG, Coman D, Lavin MF. An anaplerotic approach to correct the mitochondrial dysfunction in ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T). Mol Metab 2021; 54:101354. [PMID: 34637921 PMCID: PMC8599162 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ATM, the protein defective in the human genetic disorder, ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) plays a central role in response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and in protecting the cell against oxidative stress. We showed that A-T cells are hypersensitive to metabolic stress which can be accounted for by a failure to exhibit efficient endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondrial signalling and Ca2+ transfer in response to nutrient deprivation resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction. The objective of the current study is to use an anaplerotic approach using the fatty acid, heptanoate (C7), a metabolic product of the triglyceride, triheptanoin to correct the defect in ER-mitochondrial signalling and enhance cell survival of A-T cells in response to metabolic stress. Methods We treated control cells and A-T cells with the anaplerotic agent, heptanoate to determine their sensitivity to metabolic stress induced by inhibition of glycolysis with 2- deoxyglucose (2DG) using live-cell imaging to monitor cell survival for 72 h using the Incucyte system. We examined ER-mitochondrial signalling in A-T cells exposed to metabolic stress using a suite of techniques including immunofluorescence staining of Grp75, ER-mitochondrial Ca2+ channel, the VAPB-PTPIP51 ER-mitochondrial tether complexes as well as proximity ligation assays between Grp75-IP3R1 and VAPB1-PTPIP51 to establish a functional interaction between ER and mitochondria. Finally, we also performed metabolomic analysis using LC-MS/MS assay to determine altered levels of TCA intermediates A-T cells compared to healthy control cells. Results We demonstrate that heptanoate corrects all aspects of the defective ER-mitochondrial signalling observed in A-T cells. Heptanoate enhances ER-mitochondrial contacts; increases the flow of calcium from the ER to the mitochondrion; restores normal mitochondrial function and mitophagy and increases the resistance of ATM-deficient cells and cells from A-T patients to metabolic stress-induced killing. The defect in mitochondrial function in ATM-deficient cells was accompanied by more reliance on aerobic glycolysis as shown by increased lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), accumulation of lactate, and reduced levels of both acetyl CoA and ATP which are all restored by heptanoate. Conclusions We conclude that heptanoate corrects metabolic stress in A-T cells by restoring ER-mitochondria signalling and mitochondrial function and suggest that the parent compound, triheptanoin, has immense potential as a novel therapeutic agent for patients with A-T. The fatty acid heptanoate rescues cell killing after nutrient deprivation in A-T cells. Heptanoate enhances endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondrial contacts. Normal mitochondrial function and mitophagy are restored in A-T cells by heptanoate. Heptanoate shifts A-T cells to more reliance on oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Yeo
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - G N Subramanian
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - K L Chong
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M Gatei
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - R G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - D Coman
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M F Lavin
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia.
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20
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Yu P, Zhu X, Zhu JL, Han YB, Zhang H, Zhou X, Yang L, Xia YZ, Zhang C, Kong LY. The Chk2-PKM2 axis promotes metabolic control of vasculogenic mimicry formation in p53-mutated triple-negative breast cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:5262-5274. [PMID: 34244606 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation, which participates in the process of neovascularization, is highly activated in p53-mutated triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, we show that Chk2 is negatively correlated with VM formation in p53-mutated TNBC. Its activation by DNA-damaging agents such as cisplatin, etoposide, and DPT reduces VM formation. Mechanistically, the Chk2-PKM2 axis plays an important role in the inhibition of VM formation at the level of metabolic regulation. Chk2 promotes the Chk2-PKM2 interaction through the Chk2 SCD (SQ/TQ cluster domain) and the PKM2 C domain. Furthermore, Chk2 promotes the nuclear export of PKM2 by phosphorylating PKM2 at Ser100. P-PKM2 S100 reduces VM formation by decreasing glucose flux, and the PKM2 S100A mutation abolishes the inhibition of glucose flux and VM formation induced by Chk2 activation. Overall, this study proposes a novel strategy of VM suppression through Chk2 induction, which prevents PKM2-mediated glucose flux in p53-mutated TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiong Zhu
- Medical and Chemical Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Le Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Bao Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan-Zheng Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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21
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Chen C, Gallagher JR, Tarlton J, van Aalten L, Bray SE, Ashford MLJ, McCrimmon RJ, Pearson ER, McNeilly AD, Sutherland C. The genetic association of the transcription factor NPAT with glycemic response to metformin involves regulation of fuel selection. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253533. [PMID: 34197485 PMCID: PMC8248654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The biguanide, metformin, is the first-choice therapeutic agent for type-2 diabetes, although the mechanisms that underpin metformin clinical efficacy remain the subject of much debate, partly due to the considerable variation in patient response to metformin. Identification of poor responders by genotype could avoid unnecessary treatment and provide clues to the underlying mechanism of action. GWAS identified SNPs associated with metformin treatment success at a locus containing the NPAT (nuclear protein, ataxia-telangiectasia locus) and ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) genes. This implies that gene sequence dictates a subsequent biological function to influence metformin action. Hence, we modified expression of NPAT in immortalized cell lines, primary mouse hepatocytes and mouse tissues, and analysed the outcomes on metformin action using confocal microscopy, immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry. In addition, we characterised the metabolic phenotype of npat heterozygous knockout mice and established the metformin response following development of insulin resistance. NPAT protein was localised in the nucleus at discrete loci in several cell types, but over-expression or depletion of NPAT in immortalised cell models did not change cellular responses to biguanides. In contrast, metformin regulation of respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was completely lost in animals lacking one allele of npat. There was also a reduction in metformin correction of impaired glucose tolerance, however no other metabolic abnormalities, or response to metformin, were found in the npat heterozygous mice. In summary, we provide methodological advancements for the detection of NPAT, demonstrate that minor reductions in NPAT mRNA levels (20–40%) influence metformin regulation of RER, and propose that the association between NPAT SNPs and metformin response observed in GWAS, could be due to loss of metformin modification of cellular fuel usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Chen
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, James Arnott Drive, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer R. Gallagher
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, James Arnott Drive, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Tarlton
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, James Arnott Drive, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Lidy van Aalten
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, James Arnott Drive, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E. Bray
- Tayside Tissue Bank, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, James Arnott Drive, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Michael L. J. Ashford
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, James Arnott Drive, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Rory J. McCrimmon
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, James Arnott Drive, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ewan R. Pearson
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, James Arnott Drive, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Alison D. McNeilly
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, James Arnott Drive, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Calum Sutherland
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, James Arnott Drive, Dundee, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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22
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Inflammation, epigenetics, and metabolism converge to cell senescence and ageing: the regulation and intervention. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:245. [PMID: 34176928 PMCID: PMC8236488 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Remarkable progress in ageing research has been achieved over the past decades. General perceptions and experimental evidence pinpoint that the decline of physical function often initiates by cell senescence and organ ageing. Epigenetic dynamics and immunometabolic reprogramming link to the alterations of cellular response to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, representing current hotspots as they not only (re-)shape the individual cell identity, but also involve in cell fate decision. This review focuses on the present findings and emerging concepts in epigenetic, inflammatory, and metabolic regulations and the consequences of the ageing process. Potential therapeutic interventions targeting cell senescence and regulatory mechanisms, using state-of-the-art techniques are also discussed.
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23
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Haemmig S, Yang D, Sun X, Das D, Ghaffari S, Molinaro R, Chen L, Deng Y, Freeman D, Moullan N, Tesmenitsky Y, Wara AKMK, Simion V, Shvartz E, Lee JF, Yang T, Sukova G, Marto JA, Stone PH, Lee WL, Auwerx J, Libby P, Feinberg MW. Long noncoding RNA SNHG12 integrates a DNA-PK-mediated DNA damage response and vascular senescence. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/531/eaaw1868. [PMID: 32075942 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw1868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging regulators of biological processes in the vessel wall; however, their role in atherosclerosis remains poorly defined. We used RNA sequencing to profile lncRNAs derived specifically from the aortic intima of Ldlr -/- mice on a high-cholesterol diet during lesion progression and regression phases. We found that the evolutionarily conserved lncRNA small nucleolar host gene-12 (SNHG12) is highly expressed in the vascular endothelium and decreases during lesion progression. SNHG12 knockdown accelerated atherosclerotic lesion formation by 2.4-fold in Ldlr -/- mice by increased DNA damage and senescence in the vascular endothelium, independent of effects on lipid profile or vessel wall inflammation. Conversely, intravenous delivery of SNHG12 protected the tunica intima from DNA damage and atherosclerosis. LncRNA pulldown in combination with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis showed that SNHG12 interacted with DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), an important regulator of the DNA damage response. The absence of SNHG12 reduced the DNA-PK interaction with its binding partners Ku70 and Ku80, abrogating DNA damage repair. Moreover, the anti-DNA damage agent nicotinamide riboside (NR), a clinical-grade small-molecule activator of NAD+, fully rescued the increases in lesional DNA damage, senescence, and atherosclerosis mediated by SNHG12 knockdown. SNHG12 expression was also reduced in pig and human atherosclerotic specimens and correlated inversely with DNA damage and senescent markers. These findings reveal a role for this lncRNA in regulating DNA damage repair in the vessel wall and may have implications for chronic vascular disease states and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Haemmig
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dafeng Yang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 0731 Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinghui Sun
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Debapria Das
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Siavash Ghaffari
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital and Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Roberto Molinaro
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,School of Pharmacy, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 0731 Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yihuan Deng
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dan Freeman
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Norman Moullan
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yevgenia Tesmenitsky
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - A K M Khyrul Wara
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Viorel Simion
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eugenia Shvartz
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James F Lee
- The Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tianlun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 0731 Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Galina Sukova
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jarrod A Marto
- The Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Departments of Cancer Biology and Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter H Stone
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Warren L Lee
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital and Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter Libby
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark W Feinberg
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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24
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Paull TT. DNA damage and regulation of protein homeostasis. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 105:103155. [PMID: 34116476 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of unrepaired DNA lesions is associated with many pathological outcomes in humans, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases and in normal aging. Evidence supporting a causal role for DNA damage in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disease has come from rare human patients with mutations in DNA damage response genes as well as from model organisms; however, the generality of this relationship in the normal population is unclear. In addition, the relevance of DNA damage in the context of proteotoxic stress-the widely accepted paradigm for pathology during neurodegeneration-is not well understood. Here, observations supporting intertwined roles of DNA damage and proteotoxicity in aging-related neurological outcomes are reviewed, with particular emphasis on recent insights into the relationships between DNA repair and autophagy, the ubiquitin proteasome system, formation of protein aggregates, poly-ADP-ribose polymerization, and transcription-driven DNA lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya T Paull
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Austin, TX, 78712, United States.
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25
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Cucchi D, Gibson A, Martin SA. The emerging relationship between metabolism and DNA repair. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:943-959. [PMID: 33874857 PMCID: PMC8172156 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1912889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) consists of multiple specialized pathways that recognize different insults sustained by DNA and repairs them where possible to avoid the accumulation of mutations. While loss of activity of genes in the DDR has been extensively associated with cancer predisposition and progression, in recent years it has become evident that there is a relationship between the DDR and cellular metabolism. The activity of the metabolic pathways can influence the DDR by regulating the availability of substrates required for the repair process and the function of its players. Additionally, proteins of the DDR can regulate the metabolic flux through the major pathways such as glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This newly discovered connection bears great importance in the biology of cancer and represents a new therapeutic opportunity. Here we describe the nature of the relationship between DDR and metabolism and its potential application in the treatment of cancer. Keywords: DNA repair, metabolism, mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Cucchi
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Amy Gibson
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sarah a Martin
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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26
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Blignaut M, Harries S, Lochner A, Huisamen B. Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Protein Kinase: A Potential Master Puppeteer of Oxidative Stress-Induced Metabolic Recycling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8850708. [PMID: 33868575 PMCID: PMC8032526 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8850708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated protein kinase (ATM) has recently come to the fore as a regulatory protein fulfilling many roles in the fine balancing act of metabolic homeostasis. Best known for its role as a transducer of DNA damage repair, the activity of ATM in the cytosol is enjoying increasing attention, where it plays a central role in general cellular recycling (macroautophagy) as well as the targeted clearance (selective autophagy) of damaged mitochondria and peroxisomes in response to oxidative stress, independently of the DNA damage response. The importance of ATM activation by oxidative stress has also recently been highlighted in the clearance of protein aggregates, where the expression of a functional ATM construct that cannot be activated by oxidative stress resulted in widespread accumulation of protein aggregates. This review will discuss the role of ATM in general autophagy, mitophagy, and pexophagy as well as aggrephagy and crosstalk between oxidative stress as an activator of ATM and its potential role as a master regulator of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite Blignaut
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Sarah Harries
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Amanda Lochner
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Barbara Huisamen
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
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27
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Ahmed SM, Elshenawy SE, Sedky S, Elmehrath AO, El-Badri N. Pancreatic β-Cell Senescence: Mechanisms and Association with Diabetes. EUROPEAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.33590/emj/20-00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence occurs as a part of the cellular response to different stressors. With increasing age, continuous exposure to stressors leads to age-induced senescence. Pancreatic β-cell proliferation and glucose homeostasis also decrease with age, which results in a decrease in β cell mass and, eventually, the possible development of diabetes. This process is mediated through impaired cell cycle regulators, along with specific increases in cell cycle inhibitors, telomere shortening, and defective DNA repair mechanisms. Diabetes contributes to β-cell senescence through hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation. β cells isolated from patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus have been shown to have senescence markers, such as senescence-associated secretory phenotype genes and β-galactosidase. In this paper, the authors discuss the mechanisms of cellular senescence, how senescence is impacted by the diabetic microenvironment, and the possible mechanisms and factors contributing to β-cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Ahmed
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shimaa E Elshenawy
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sara Sedky
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O Elmehrath
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagwa El-Badri
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
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28
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Yu H, Zhang F, Yan P, Zhang S, Lou Y, Geng Z, Li Z, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Lu Y, Chen C, Wang D, Zhu W, Hu X, Wang J, Zhuang T, Zhang Y, Wu G, Liu J, Zeng C, Pu WT, Sun K, Zhang B. LARP7 Protects Against Heart Failure by Enhancing Mitochondrial Biogenesis. Circulation 2021; 143:2007-2022. [PMID: 33663221 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.050812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, and its prevalence continues to rise. LARP7 (La ribonucleoprotein domain family member 7) is a master regulator that governs the DNA damage response and RNAPII (RNA polymerase II) pausing pathway, but its role in HF pathogenesis is incompletely understood. METHODS We assessed LARP7 expression in human HF and in nonhuman primate and mouse HF models. To study the function of LARP7 in heart, we generated global and cardiac-specific LARP7 knockout mice. We acutely abolished LARP7 in mature cardiomyocytes by Cas9-mediated LARP7 somatic knockout. We overexpressed LARP7 in cardiomyocytes using adeno-associated virus serotype 9 and ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein) inhibitor. The therapeutic potential of LARP7-regulated pathways in HF was tested in a mouse myocardial infarction model. RESULTS LARP7 was profoundly downregulated in failing human hearts and in nonhuman primate and murine hearts after myocardial infarction. Low LARP7 levels in failing hearts were linked to elevated reactive oxygen species, which activated the ATM-mediated DNA damage response pathway and promoted LARP7 ubiquitination and degradation. Constitutive LARP7 knockout in mouse resulted in impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, myocardial hypoplasia, and midgestational lethality. Cardiac-specific inactivation resulted in defective mitochondrial biogenesis, impaired oxidative phosphorylation, elevated oxidative stress, and HF by 4 months of age. These abnormalities were accompanied by reduced SIRT1 (silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1) stability and deacetylase activity that impaired SIRT1-mediated transcription of genes for oxidative phosphorylation and energy metabolism and dampened cardiac function. Restoring LARP7 expression after myocardial infarction by either adeno-associated virus-mediated LARP7 expression or small molecule ATM inhibitor substantially improved the function of injured heart. CONCLUSIONS LARP7 is essential for mitochondrial biogenesis, energy production, and cardiac function by modulating SIRT1 homeostasis and activity. Reduction of LARP7 in diseased hearts owing to activation of the ATM pathway contributes to HF pathogenesis and restoring LARP7 in the injured heart confers myocardial protection. These results identify the ATM-LARP7-SIRT1 pathway as a target for therapeutic intervention in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (H.J.Y., F.Z., P.Y.Y., S.S.Z., Y.M.L., Z.L.G., Z.X.L., Y.J.X., Y.N.L., K.S., B.Z.)
| | - Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (H.J.Y., F.Z., P.Y.Y., S.S.Z., Y.M.L., Z.L.G., Z.X.L., Y.J.X., Y.N.L., K.S., B.Z.)
| | - Pengyi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (H.J.Y., F.Z., P.Y.Y., S.S.Z., Y.M.L., Z.L.G., Z.X.L., Y.J.X., Y.N.L., K.S., B.Z.)
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (H.J.Y., F.Z., P.Y.Y., S.S.Z., Y.M.L., Z.L.G., Z.X.L., Y.J.X., Y.N.L., K.S., B.Z.)
| | - Yingmei Lou
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (H.J.Y., F.Z., P.Y.Y., S.S.Z., Y.M.L., Z.L.G., Z.X.L., Y.J.X., Y.N.L., K.S., B.Z.)
| | - Zilong Geng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (H.J.Y., F.Z., P.Y.Y., S.S.Z., Y.M.L., Z.L.G., Z.X.L., Y.J.X., Y.N.L., K.S., B.Z.)
| | - Zixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (H.J.Y., F.Z., P.Y.Y., S.S.Z., Y.M.L., Z.L.G., Z.X.L., Y.J.X., Y.N.L., K.S., B.Z.)
| | | | - Yuejuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (H.J.Y., F.Z., P.Y.Y., S.S.Z., Y.M.L., Z.L.G., Z.X.L., Y.J.X., Y.N.L., K.S., B.Z.)
| | - Yanan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (H.J.Y., F.Z., P.Y.Y., S.S.Z., Y.M.L., Z.L.G., Z.X.L., Y.J.X., Y.N.L., K.S., B.Z.)
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (C.C., D.W.W.)
| | - Daowen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (C.C., D.W.W.)
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (W.Z., X.Y.H., J.A.W.)
| | | | - Jian'an Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (W.Z., X.Y.H., J.A.W.)
| | - Tao Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (T.Z., Y.Z.Z.)
| | - Yuzhen Zhang
- Renji-Med Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (Y.Z.).,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (T.Z., Y.Z.Z.)
| | - Gengze Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, China (G.Z.W., C.Y.Z.)
| | | | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, China (G.Z.W., C.Y.Z.)
| | - William T Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (W.T.P).,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P)
| | - Kun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (H.J.Y., F.Z., P.Y.Y., S.S.Z., Y.M.L., Z.L.G., Z.X.L., Y.J.X., Y.N.L., K.S., B.Z.)
| | - Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (H.J.Y., F.Z., P.Y.Y., S.S.Z., Y.M.L., Z.L.G., Z.X.L., Y.J.X., Y.N.L., K.S., B.Z.)
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29
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Brazão SC, Autran LJ, Lopes RDO, Scaramello CBV, Brito FCFD, Motta NAV. Effects of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine on the Cardiovascular System - Limitations for Use in the Treatment of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.36660/ijcs.20200162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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30
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Tapio S, Little MP, Kaiser JC, Impens N, Hamada N, Georgakilas AG, Simar D, Salomaa S. Ionizing radiation-induced circulatory and metabolic diseases. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106235. [PMID: 33157375 PMCID: PMC10686049 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Risks to health are the prime consideration in all human situations of ionizing radiation exposure and therefore of relevance to radiation protection in all occupational, medical, and public exposure situations. Over the past few decades, advances in therapeutic strategies have led to significant improvements in cancer survival rates. However, a wide range of long-term complications have been reported in cancer survivors, in particular circulatory diseases and their major risk factors, metabolic diseases. However, at lower levels of exposure, the evidence is less clear. Under real-life exposure scenarios, including radiotherapy, radiation effects in the whole organism will be determined mainly by the response of normal tissues receiving relatively low doses, and will be mediated and moderated by systemic effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need for further research on the impact of low-dose radiation. In this article, we review radiation-associated risks of circulatory and metabolic diseases in clinical, occupational or environmental exposure situations, addressing epidemiological, biological, risk modelling, and systems biology aspects, highlight the gaps in knowledge and discuss future directions to address these gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soile Tapio
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Mark P Little
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), MD, USA
| | - Jan Christian Kaiser
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Impens
- Institute of Environment, Health and Safety, Biosphere Impact Studies, SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Department of Physics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens, Greece
| | - David Simar
- Mechanisms of Disease and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sisko Salomaa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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31
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Mourouzis IS, Manolis AS, Pantos C. Cardiovascular Risk of Synthetic, Non-Biologic Disease-Modifying Anti- Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs). Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2020; 18:455-462. [PMID: 31566134 DOI: 10.2174/1570161117666190930113837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Patients with rheumatoid diseases have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD-related death compared with the general population. Both the traditional cardiovascular risk factors and systemic inflammation are contributors to this phenomenon. This review examines the available evidence about the effects of synthetic, non-biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) on CVD risk. This is an important issue for clinicians when deciding on individual treatment plans in patients with rheumatic diseases. Evidence suggests that synthetic, non-biologic DMARDs such as methotrexate, sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine, leflunomide and tofacitinib show decreased CVD morbidity and mortality. However, the strongest data in favour of a reduction in CVD events in rheumatoid patients are shown with methotrexate, which has been the focus of most studies. Adequate proof for a favourable effect also exists for hydroxychloroquine. Larger, prospective studies and randomized clinical trials are needed to better characterize the effect of synthetic, non-biologic DMARDs on CVD outcomes in these patients. Design of future studies should include areas with lack of evidence, such as the risk for heart failure, arrhythmias and valvular heart disease. The clinically relevant question whether synthetic, non-biologic DMARDs are inferior to biologic DMARDs in terms of CVD outcomes remains not adequately addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iordanis S Mourouzis
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Antonis S Manolis
- Third Department of Cardiology, Athens University School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Pantos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
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32
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High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses and DNA Repair. Recent Results Cancer Res 2020. [PMID: 33200365 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-57362-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small DNA viruses that infect basal epithelial cells and are the causative agents of cervical, anogenital, as well as oral cancers. High-risk HPVs are responsible for nearly half of all virally induced cancers. Viral replication and amplification are intimately linked to the stratified epithelium differentiation program. The E6 and E7 proteins contribute to the development of cancers in HPV positive individuals by hijacking cellular processes and causing genetic instability. This genetic instability induces a robust DNA damage response and activating both ATM and ATR repair pathways. These pathways are critical for the productive replication of high-risk HPVs, and understanding how they contribute to the viral life cycle can provide important insights into HPV's role in oncogenesis. This review will discuss the role that differentiation and the DNA damage responses play in productive replication of high-risk HPVs as well as in the development of cancer.
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33
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Jaiswal KS, Khanna S, Ghosh A, Padhan P, Raghav SK, Gupta B. Differential mitochondrial genome in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Autoimmunity 2020; 54:1-12. [PMID: 33191792 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2020.1846182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria play an important role in cell survival, function and lineage differentiation. Changes in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may control mitochondrial functions and thus may impart an alternative cellular state thereby leading to a disease condition in the body. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease wherein immune cells become self-reactive causing joint inflammation, swelling and pain in patients. The changes in mtDNA may alter cellular functions thereby directing the immune cells towards an inflammatory phenotype in RA. Therefore, it becomes pertinent to identify changes in mtDNA sequence in immune cells of RA patients to understand the pathogenesis and progression of RA. METHODS mtDNA from peripheral blood mono-nuclear cells (PBMCs) of 23 RA patients and 17 healthy controls (HCs) were sequenced using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Further, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and other variable changes in mtDNA hypervariable and coding regions, amino acid changes with a putative impact on disease, levels of heteroplasmy, copy number variations and haplogroup analysis in RA patients and HCs were analysed and compared to identify any association of mtDNA changes and RA disease. RESULTS A total of 382 single nucleotide mtDNA variants were observed, 91 (23.82%) were present in hypervariable region and 291 (76.18%) in coding region of patients and HC. The variant 513 GCA > ACA, with G present in HVR-III, known to control the mitochondrial translation function, was significantly present in RA patients. The CYTB gene had larger number of SNPs in HC samples while RNR2 was more variable in RA patients. A non-synonymous heteroplasmy in ND1 gene was found at a single nucleotide position 3533 in an increased number of RA patients as compared to the controls. A significant increase in mtDNA duplication and a higher frequency of the haplogroup U was also characteristic of RA. Also, the presence of SNPs in mitochondrial tRNA genes at two positions 12308 A > G and 15924 A > G were found to be pathogenic. CONCLUSION We herein observed an altered mtDNA sequence in immune cells of RA patients and thus a possible role of mitochondrial genome in the development of RA. The observed nucleotide changes in mtDNA control region, RNR2 gene, increased heteroplasmy and mtDNA duplication in RA patients may alter sites for transcription factor binding thereby influencing mtDNA gene expression, as well as copy numbers thereby affecting the mitochondrial proteins and their functions. These changes in mtDNA could be one of the probable reasons among many leading to the progression of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Sagar Jaiswal
- Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Shweta Khanna
- Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Arup Ghosh
- Laboratory of Immuno-Genomics and Systems Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Prasanta Padhan
- Department of Rheumatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Raghav
- Laboratory of Immuno-Genomics and Systems Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Bhawna Gupta
- Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
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34
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Wingard MC, Frasier CR, Singh M, Singh K. Heart failure and diabetes: role of ATM. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 54:27-35. [PMID: 32745970 PMCID: PMC7769978 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is a leading cause of death in the United States. Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus (DM), exponentially increases the risk of heart failure. The increase in oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction caused by DM can lead to DNA damage and the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM) is a DNA damage response protein with a primary nuclear function to regulate cell cycle progression in response to double-strand DNA breaks, acts as a redox sensor, and facilitates DNA repair. ATM deficiency associates with the development of insulin resistance and DM. Consequently, patients with Ataxia telangiectasia, a rare autosomal recessive disorder, have an increased risk of developing heart failure. The main objective of this review is to summarize the shared metabolic and cardiac abnormalities associated with DM and ATM deficiency, with a focus on the development of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Wingard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Chad R Frasier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Mahipal Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Krishna Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; James H Quillen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mountain Home, TN 37684, USA.
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35
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Peng L, Qian M, Liu Z, Tang X, Sun J, Jiang Y, Sun S, Cao X, Pang Q, Liu B. Deacetylase-independent function of SIRT6 couples GATA4 transcription factor and epigenetic activation against cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:4992-5005. [PMID: 32239217 PMCID: PMC7229816 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT6 deacetylase activity improves stress resistance via gene silencing and genome maintenance. Here, we reveal a deacetylase-independent function of SIRT6, which promotes anti-apoptotic gene expression via the transcription factor GATA4. SIRT6 recruits TIP60 acetyltransferase to acetylate GATA4 at K328/330, thus enhancing its chromatin binding capacity. In turn, GATA4 inhibits the deacetylase activity of SIRT6, thus ensuring the local chromatin accessibility via TIP60-promoted H3K9 acetylation. Significantly, the treatment of doxorubicin (DOX), an anti-cancer chemotherapeutic, impairs the SIRT6-TIP60-GATA4 trimeric complex, blocking GATA4 acetylation and causing cardiomyocyte apoptosis. While GATA4 hyperacetylation-mimic retains the protective effect against DOX, the hypoacetylation-mimic loses such ability. Thus, the data reveal a novel SIRT6-TIP60-GATA4 axis, which promotes the anti-apoptotic pathway to prevent DOX toxicity. Targeting the trimeric complex constitutes a new strategy to improve the safety of DOX chemotherapy in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyuan Peng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Minxian Qian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zuojun Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shimin Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Xinyue Cao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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36
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Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) is a devastating multi-system disorder characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia and immunodeficiency. The neurological decline may be caused by multiple factors of which ongoing inflammation and oxidative stress may play a dominant role. The objective of the present investigation was to determine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins and possible low-grade inflammation and its relation to age and neurological deterioration. In the present study, we investigated 15 patients with A-T from 2 to 16 years. Our investigation included blood and CSF tests, clinical neurological examination, A-T score, and MRI findings. The albumin ratio (AR) was analyzed to determine the blood-brain-barrier function. In addition, inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 p40, IL-17A, IFN-γ, TNF-α) were measured by the multiplex cytometric bead array. We compared the results with those from an age-matched control group. Three of the A-T patients were analyzed separately (one after resection of a cerebral meningioma, one after radiation and chemotherapy due to leukemia, one after stem cell transplantation). Patient had significantly more moderate and severe side effects due to CSF puncture (vomiting, headache, need for anti-emetic drugs) compared with healthy controls. Total protein, albumin, and the AR increased with age indicating a disturbed blood barrier function in older children. There were no differences for cytokines in serum and CSF with the exception of IL-2, which was significantly higher in controls in serum. The AR is significantly altered in A-T patients, but low-grade inflammation is not detectable in serum and CSF.
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37
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Cheng A, Tse KH, Chow HM, Gan Y, Song X, Ma F, Qian YXY, She W, Herrup K. ATM loss disrupts the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. Autophagy 2020; 17:1998-2010. [PMID: 32757690 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1805860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) protein is found associated with multiple organelles including synaptic vesicles, endosomes and lysosomes, often in cooperation with ATR (ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related). Mutation of the ATM gene results in ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T), an autosomal recessive disorder with defects in multiple organs including the nervous system. Precisely how ATM deficiency leads to the complex phenotypes of A-T, however, remains elusive. Here, we reported that part of the connection may lie in autophagy and lysosomal abnormalities. We found that ATM was degraded through the autophagy pathway, while ATR was processed by the proteasome. Autophagy and lysosomal trafficking were both abnormal in atm-/- neurons and the deficits impacted cellular functions such as synapse maintenance, neuronal survival and glucose uptake. Upregulated autophagic flux was observed in atm-/- lysosomes, associated with a more acidic pH. Significantly, we found that the ATP6V1A (ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V1 subunit A) proton pump was an ATM kinase target. In atm-/- neurons, lysosomes showed enhanced retrograde transport and accumulated in the perinuclear regions. We attributed this change to an unexpected physical interaction between ATM and the retrograde transport motor protein, dynein. As a consequence, SLC2A4/GLUT4 (solute carrier family 4 [facilitated glucose transporter], member 4) translocation to the plasma membrane was inhibited and trafficking to the lysosomes was increased, leading to impaired glucose uptake capacity. Together, these data underscored the involvement of ATM in a variety of neuronal vesicular trafficking processes, offering new and therapeutically useful insights into the pathogenesis of A-T.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; A-T: ataxia-telangiectasia; ALG2: asparagine-linked glycosylation 2 (alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase); AMPK: adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATM: ataxia telangiectasia mutated; ATP6V1A: ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V1 subunit A; ATR: ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3 related; BFA1: bafilomycin A1; CC3: cleaved-CASP3; CGN: cerebellar granule neuron; CLQ: chloroquine; CN: neocortical neuron; CTSB: cathepsin B; CTSD: cathepsin D; DYNLL1: the light chain1 of dynein; EIF4EBP1/4E-BP1: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1; Etop: etoposide; FBS: fetal bovine serum; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; HBS: HEPES-buffered saline; HEPES: 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid; HOMER1: homer protein homolog 1; KU: KU-60019; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; LC3B-II: LC3-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate; Lyso: lysosome; LysopH-GFP: lysopHluorin-GFP; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MAP2: microtubule associated protein 2; MAPK14: mitogen-activated protein kinase 14; MAPK8/JNK1: mitogen-activated protein kinase 8; MCOLN1/TRPML1: mucolipin 1; OSBPL1A: oxysterol binding protein like 1A; PIKK: phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase related kinase; Rapa: rapamycin; RILP: rab interacting lysosomal protein; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SEM: standard error of mean; SLC2A4/GLUT4: solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4; TSC2/tuberin: TSC complex subunit 2; ULK1: unc-51 like kinase 1; UPS: ubiquitin-proteasome system; VE: VE-822; WCL: whole-cell lysate; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifang Cheng
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong.,Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Kai-Hei Tse
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong.,Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Hei-Man Chow
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yunqiao Gan
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Xuan Song
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Fulin Ma
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | | | - Weiyi She
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Karl Herrup
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong.,Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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38
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Chen L, Chen H, Dong S, Huang W, Chen L, Wei Y, Shi L, Li J, Zhu F, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Lv X, Yu X, Li H, Wei W, Zhang K, Zhu L, Qu C, Hong J, Hu C, Dong J, Qi R, Lu D, Wang H, Peng S, Hao G. The Effects of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine on ACE2-Related Coronavirus Pathology and the Cardiovascular System: An Evidence-Based Review. FUNCTION 2020; 1:zqaa012. [PMID: 38626250 PMCID: PMC7454642 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqaa012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a serious threat to global public health and there is currently no effective antiviral therapy. It has been suggested that chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which were primarily employed as prophylaxis and treatment for malaria, could be used to treat COVID-19. CQ and HCQ may be potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells, which are mediated via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and may also inhibit subsequent intracellular processes which lead to COVID-19, including damage to the cardiovascular (CV) system. However, paradoxically, CQ and HCQ have also been reported to cause damage to the CV system. In this review, we provide a critical examination of the published evidence. CQ and HCQ could potentially be useful drugs in the treatment of COVID-19 and other ACE2 involved virus infections, but the antiviral effects of CQ and HCQ need to be tested in more well-designed clinical randomized studies and their actions on the CV system need to be further elucidated. However, even if it were to turn out that CQ and HCQ are not useful drugs in practice, further studies of their mechanism of action could be helpful in improving our understanding of COVID-19 pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Endemic Disease, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Shan Dong
- Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sports University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Liping Shi
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jinying Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Fengfeng Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yiyang Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiuxiu Lv
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Keke Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lihong Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chen Qu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jian Hong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chaofeng Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jun Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Renbin Qi
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Daxiang Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Huadong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shuang Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guang Hao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Donath H, Hess U, Kieslich M, Theis M, Ohlenschläger U, Schubert R, Woelke S, Zielen S. Diabetes in Patients With Ataxia Telangiectasia: A National Cohort Study. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:317. [PMID: 32733823 PMCID: PMC7363802 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) is a rare autosomal-recessive multisystem disorder characterized by pronounced cerebellar ataxia, telangiectasia, cancer predisposition and altered body composition. In addition, evidence is rising for endocrine dysfunction. Objectives: To determine the evolution of diabetes and its prevalence in a larger A-T cohort. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the patient charts of 39 subjects from the Frankfurt A-T cohort was performed between August 2002 and 2018 concerning HbA1c and oral glucose tolerance (OGTT). The median follow-up period was 4 years (1-16 years). In addition, in 31 A-T patients aged 1 to 38 years HbA1c and fasting glucose were studied prospectively from 2018 to 2019. Results: In the retrospective analysis, we could demonstrate a longitudinal increase of HbA1c. The prospective analysis showed a significant increase of HbA1c and fasting glucose with age (r = 0.79, p ≤ 0.0001). OGTT has a good sensitivity for insulin resistance screening, whereas HbA1c can be used to evaluate individual courses and therapy response. Seven out of 39 (17.9%) patients suffered from diabetes. Metformin did not always lead to sufficient diabetes control; one patient was treated successfully with repaglinide. Conclusion: Diabetes is a common finding in older A-T patients and often starts in puberty. Our data clearly demonstrate the need for an annual diabetes screening in patients > 12 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Donath
- Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ursula Hess
- Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Matthias Kieslich
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marius Theis
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ute Ohlenschläger
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ralf Schubert
- Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sandra Woelke
- Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Zielen
- Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Barreto TLN, Kotchetkoff ECDA, Lago CSA, Sarni ROS. Agreement of cardiovascular risk in ataxia-telangiectasia mutated heterozygotes and their children with Ataxia-telangiectasia. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2020.1780117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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41
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Chen PH, Wu J, Ding CKC, Lin CC, Pan S, Bossa N, Xu Y, Yang WH, Mathey-Prevot B, Chi JT. Kinome screen of ferroptosis reveals a novel role of ATM in regulating iron metabolism. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:1008-1022. [PMID: 31320750 PMCID: PMC7206124 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a specialized iron-dependent cell death that is associated with lethal lipid peroxidation. Modulation of ferroptosis may have therapeutic potential since it has been implicated in various human diseases as well as potential antitumor activities. However, much remains unknown about the underlying mechanisms and genetic determinants of ferroptosis. Given the critical role of kinases in most biological processes and the availability of various kinase inhibitors, we sought to systemically identify kinases essential for ferroptosis. We performed a forward genetic-based kinome screen against ferroptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells triggered by cystine deprivation. This screen identified 34 essential kinases involved in TNFα and NF-kB signaling. Unexpectedly, the DNA damage response serine/threonine kinase ATM (mutated in Ataxia-Telangiectasia) was found to be essential for ferroptosis. The pharmacological or genetic inhibition of ATM consistently rescued multiple cancer cells from ferroptosis triggered by cystine deprivation or erastin. Instead of the canonical DNA damage pathways, ATM inhibition rescued ferroptosis by increasing the expression of iron regulators involved in iron storage (ferritin heavy and light chain, FTH1 and FTL) and export (ferroportin, FPN1). The coordinated changes of these iron regulators during ATM inhibition resulted in a lowering of labile iron and prevented the iron-dependent ferroptosis. Furthermore, we found that ATM inhibition enhanced the nuclear translocation of metal-regulatory transcription factor 1 (MTF1), responsible for regulating expression of Ferritin/FPN1 and ferroptosis protection. Genetic depletion of MTF-1 abolished the regulation of iron-regulatory elements by ATM and resensitized the cells to ferroptosis. Together, we have identified an unexpected ATM-MTF1-Ferritin/FPN1 regulatory axis as novel determinants of ferroptosis through regulating labile iron levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Han Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jianli Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chien-Kuang Cornelia Ding
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chao-Chieh Lin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Samuel Pan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nathan Bossa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yitong Xu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wen-Hsuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bernard Mathey-Prevot
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jen-Tsan Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. .,Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Gurung AB, Borah P, Bhattacharjee A. Data-mining technique identifies potential target proteins playing a dual role in inflammation and oxidative stress pathways in relation to atherosclerosis plaque development. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2019.100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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43
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Zhang YP, Cui QY, Zhang TM, Yi Y, Nie JJ, Xie GH, Wu JH. Chloroquine pretreatment attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury in the brain of ob/ob diabetic mice as well as wildtype mice. Brain Res 2020; 1726:146518. [PMID: 31647899 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chloroquine, a prototype anti-malaria drug, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, chloroquine pretreatment could improve DNA damage repair. It is therefore reasonable to hypothesize that chloroquine pretreatment could attenuate ischemia/reperfusion injury in the brain. Considering the fact that chloroquine could also improve glucose metabolism, we speculated that the potential effects of chloroquine on ischemia/reperfusion injury might be particularly pronounced in diabetic mice. In this study, chloroquine pretreatment protected neurons from Oxygen Glucose Deprivation (OGD) induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis. In vivo, Ob/ob mice and wildtype (WT) mice were pretreated with chloroquine for 3 weeks. Then, ischemic stroke was induced by 60 min Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO). We found that chloroquine pretreatment normalized blood glucose in diabetic ob/ob mice, and reduced cerebral damage after ischemic stroke especially for diabetic mice. In addition, chloroquine pretreatment reduced High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) content in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum and lowered myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and inflammatory cytokines gene expression both in the ob/ob diabetic mice and WT mice. Moreover, harmful DNA damage-signaling responses, including PARP activation and p53 activation, were also attenuated by chloroquine pretreatment in these two kinds of mice. In conclusion, chloroquine pretreatment could reduce cerebral damage after ischemic stroke especially in diabetic mice through multiple mechanisms, which include reducing neural cell DNA injury, restoring euglycemia and anti-inflammatory effects. The findings may provide potential for the development of chloroquine in the prevention and treatment of stroke in diabetic high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Pei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Cui
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tong-Mei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yao Yi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jun-Jie Nie
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Guang-Hui Xie
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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44
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Papatheodoridi AM, Chrysavgis L, Koutsilieris M, Chatzigeorgiou A. The Role of Senescence in the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Progression to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2020; 71:363-374. [PMID: 31230380 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, cellular senescence has generated a lot of interest among researchers because of its involvement in both the normal aging process and common human diseases. During senescence, cells undergo alterations that include telomere shortening, nuclear area enlargement, and genomic and mitochondrial DNA damage, leading to irreversible cell cycle arrest, and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Evidence suggests that the complex process of senescence is involved in the development of a plethora of chronic diseases including metabolic and inflammatory disorders and tumorigenesis. Recently, several human and animal studies have emphasized the involvement of senescence in the pathogenesis and development of liver steatosis including the progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) as characterized by the additional emergence of inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning, and liver fibrosis. The development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progression to NASH are commonly accompanied by several pathophysiological events including metabolic dysregulation and inflammatory phenomena occurring within the liver that may contribute to or derive from cellular senescence, implying that the latter may be both a stimulus and a consequence of the disease. Conclusion: In this review, we summarize the current literature on the impact of cellular senescence in NAFLD/NASH and discuss the effectiveness and safety of novel senolytic drugs and therapeutic options available to delay or treat the disease. Finally, we identify the open questions and issues to be addressed in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lampros Chrysavgis
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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45
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Blignaut M, Espach Y, van Vuuren M, Dhanabalan K, Huisamen B. Revisiting the Cardiotoxic Effect of Chloroquine. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2019; 33:1-11. [PMID: 30635818 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-018-06847-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiotoxicity is a well-known side effect of chloroquine. Several studies have proposed chloroquine as a potential anti-diabetic treatment but do not address this problem. The current study investigated the effect of ex vivo chloroquine treatment on (1) heart function and glucose uptake, (2) mitochondrial function and (3) in vivo treatment on heart function. METHODS Control or obese male Wistar rats were used throughout. Dose responses of increasing chloroquine concentrations versus vehicle on cardiac function were measured using isolated, Langendorff-perfused hearts whilst glucose uptake and cell viability were determined in ventricular cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrial function was assessed with a Clark-type oxygraph (Hansatech) after ex vivo perfusion with 30 μM chloroquine versus vehicle. Animals were treated orally with 5 mg/kg/day chloroquine for 6 weeks. RESULTS Acute chloroquine treatment of 10 μM was sufficient to significantly decrease heart function (p < 0.05) whilst 30 μM significantly reduced heart rate (p < 0.05). Chloroquine became toxic to isolated cardiomyocytes at high concentrations (100 μM), and had no effect on cardiomyocyte glucose uptake. Ex vivo treatment did not affect mitochondrial function, but chronic low-dose in vivo chloroquine treatment significantly decreased aortic output and total work in hearts (p < 0.005). CONCLUSION Low and intermediate chloroquine doses administered either chronically or acutely are sufficient to result in myocardial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite Blignaut
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Yolandi Espach
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Mignon van Vuuren
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Karthik Dhanabalan
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Barbara Huisamen
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa. .,South African Medical Research Council, Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, Tygerberg, South Africa.
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46
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Amirifar P, Ranjouri MR, Yazdani R, Abolhassani H, Aghamohammadi A. Ataxia-telangiectasia: A review of clinical features and molecular pathology. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2019; 30:277-288. [PMID: 30685876 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is an autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency (PID) disease that is caused by mutations in ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene encoding a serine/threonine protein kinase. A-T patients represent a broad range of clinical manifestations including progressive cerebellar ataxia, oculocutaneous telangiectasia, variable immunodeficiency, radiosensitivity, susceptibility to malignancies, and increased metabolic diseases. This congenital disorder has phenotypic heterogeneity, and the severity of symptoms varies in different patients based on severity of mutations and disease progression. The principal role of nuclear ATM is the coordination of cellular signaling pathways in response to DNA double-strand breaks, oxidative stress, and cell cycle checkpoint. The pathogenesis of A-T is not limited to the role of ATM in the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, and it has other functions mainly in the hematopoietic cells and neurons. ATM adjusts the functions of organelles such as mitochondria and peroxisomes and also regulates angiogenesis and glucose metabolisms. However, ATM has other functions in the cells (especially cell viability) that need further investigations. In this review, we described functions of ATM in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and also its association with some disorder formation such as neurologic, immunologic, vascular, pulmonary, metabolic, and dermatologic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Amirifar
- Medical Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ranjouri
- Molecular Medicine and Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Reza Yazdani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran
- University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran
- University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Asghar Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran
- University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Yang C, Lu M, Chen W, He Z, Hou X, Feng M, Zhang H, Bo T, Zhou X, Yu Y, Zhang H, Zhao M, Wang L, Yu C, Gao L, Jiang W, Zhang Q, Zhao J. Thyrotropin aggravates atherosclerosis by promoting macrophage inflammation in plaques. J Exp Med 2019; 216:1182-1198. [PMID: 30940720 PMCID: PMC6504213 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased cardiovascular risk in subclinical hypothyroidism has traditionally been attributed to the associated metabolic disorders. This paper, however, revealed that TSH can aggravate atherosclerosis by promoting macrophage inflammation in the plaque, which deepens our understanding of the significance of TSH elevation in subclinical hypothyroidism. Subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with cardiovascular diseases, yet the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Herein, in a common population (n = 1,103), TSH level was found to be independently correlated with both carotid plaque prevalence and intima-media thickness. Consistently, TSH receptor ablation in ApoE−/− mice attenuated atherogenesis, accompanied by decreased vascular inflammation and macrophage burden in atherosclerotic plaques. These results were also observed in myeloid-specific Tshr-deficient ApoE−/− mice, which indicated macrophages to be a critical target of the proinflammatory and atherogenic effects of TSH. In vitro experiments further revealed that TSH activated MAPKs (ERK1/2, p38α, and JNK) and IκB/p65 pathways in macrophages and increased inflammatory cytokine production and their recruitment of monocytes. Thus, the present study has elucidated the new mechanisms by which TSH, as an independent risk factor of atherosclerosis, aggravates vascular inflammation and contributes to atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongbo Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhao He
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xu Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mei Feng
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongjia Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Bo
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Sonography, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Laicheng Wang
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunxiao Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjian Jiang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qunye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, the State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Kwon J, Lee S, Kim YN, Lee IH. Deacetylation of CHK2 by SIRT1 protects cells from oxidative stress-dependent DNA damage response. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-9. [PMID: 30902968 PMCID: PMC6430805 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that metabolic signaling pathways are interconnected to DNA damage response (DDR). However, factors that link metabolism to DDR remain incompletely understood. SIRT1, an NAD+-dependent deacetylase that regulates metabolism and aging, has been shown to protect cells from DDR. Here, we demonstrate that SIRT1 protects cells from oxidative stress-dependent DDR by binding and deacetylating checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2). We first showed that essential proteins in DDR were hyperacetylated in Sirt1-deficient cells and that among them, the level of acetylated CHK2 was highly increased. We found that Sirt1 formed molecular complexes with CHK2, BRCA1/BRCA2-associated helicase 1 (BACH1), tumor suppressor p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1), and H2AX, all of which are key factors in response to DNA damage. We then demonstrated that CHK2 was normally inhibited by SIRT1 via deacetylation but dissociated with SIRT1 under oxidative stress conditions. This led to acetylation and activation of CHK2, which increased cell death under oxidative stress conditions. Our data also indicated that SIRT1 deacetylated the K235 and K249 residues of CHK2, whose acetylation increased cell death in response to oxidative stress. Thus, SIRT1, a metabolic sensor, protects cells from oxidative stress-dependent DDR by the deacetylation of CHK2. Our findings suggest a crucial function of SIRT1 in inhibiting CHK2 as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Kwon
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suhee Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Nyun Kim
- Comparative Biomedicine Research Branch, Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - In Hye Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Lin YN, Lan XF, Liu ZR, Yan YR, Zhou JP, Li N, Sun XW, Li QY. Activation of ATM-c-IAP1 Pathway Mediates the Protective Effects of Estradiol in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells Exposed to Intermittent Hypoxia. Nat Sci Sleep 2019; 11:357-366. [PMID: 31819689 PMCID: PMC6886551 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s231456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) contributes to the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We previously reported the anti-apoptotic effects of estradiol (E2) on IH-exposed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Herein, we employed a proteomic analysis to elucidate the mechanisms of the protective effects of E2 under IH exposure. METHODS HUVECs were divided into three groups: control, IH, and IH+E2 group. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) were performed to compare protein profiles among the groups. Some of the identified proteins were validated by Western blotting. RESULTS A total of 185 proteins were differentially expressed in the IH+E2 group compared to the IH group. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the effects of E2 may be linked to the regulation of cellular stress response. Among the differentially expressed proteins, we identified that serine-protein kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and its downstream target, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 (c-IAP1), were up-regulated by E2. We also observed that E2 decreased the level of cleaved caspase-3 and inhibited cell apoptosis in IH-exposed HUVECs. The inhibition of ATM abolished the anti-apoptotic effect of E2. CONCLUSION The ATM-c-IAP1 pathway is involved in the cardioprotective effects of E2 in HUVECs exposed to IH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ni Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Fei Lan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200335, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Ran Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Vascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Ru Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ping Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Wen Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Yun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
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McGill JB, Johnson M, Hurst S, Cade WT, Yarasheski KE, Ostlund RE, Schechtman KB, Razani B, Kastan MB, McClain DA, de las Fuentes L, Davila-Roman VG, Ory DS, Wickline SA, Semenkovich CF. Low dose chloroquine decreases insulin resistance in human metabolic syndrome but does not reduce carotid intima-media thickness. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019; 11:61. [PMID: 31384309 PMCID: PMC6664523 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-019-0456-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome, an obesity-related condition associated with insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation, leads to diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, osteoarthritis, and other disorders. Optimal therapy is unknown. The antimalarial drug chloroquine activates the kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), improves metabolic syndrome and reduces atherosclerosis in mice. To translate this observation to humans, we conducted two clinical trials of chloroquine in people with the metabolic syndrome. METHODS Eligibility included adults with at least 3 criteria of metabolic syndrome but who did not have diabetes. Subjects were studied in the setting of a single academic health center. The specific hypothesis: chloroquine improves insulin sensitivity and decreases atherosclerosis. In Trial 1, the intervention was chloroquine dose escalations in 3-week intervals followed by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps. Trial 2 was a parallel design randomized clinical trial, and the intervention was chloroquine, 80 mg/day, or placebo for 1 year. The primary outcomes were clamp determined-insulin sensitivity for Trial 1, and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) for Trial 2. For Trial 2, subjects were allocated based on a randomization sequence using a protocol in blocks of 8. Participants, care givers, and those assessing outcomes were blinded to group assignment. RESULTS For Trial 1, 25 patients were studied. Chloroquine increased hepatic insulin sensitivity without affecting glucose disposal, and improved serum lipids. For Trial 2, 116 patients were randomized, 59 to chloroquine (56 analyzed) and 57 to placebo (51 analyzed). Chloroquine had no effect on CIMT or carotid contrast enhancement by MRI, a pre-specified secondary outcome. The pre-specified secondary outcomes of blood pressure, lipids, and activation of JNK (a stress kinase implicated in diabetes and atherosclerosis) were decreased by chloroquine. Adverse events were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that low dose chloroquine, which improves the metabolic syndrome through ATM-dependent mechanisms in mice, modestly improves components of the metabolic syndrome in humans but is unlikely to be clinically useful in this setting.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00455325, NCT00455403), both posted 03 April 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet B. McGill
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8127, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Mariko Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8127, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Stacy Hurst
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8127, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - William T. Cade
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Kevin E. Yarasheski
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8127, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Richard E. Ostlund
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8127, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | | | - Babak Razani
- Cardiovascular Division, Washington University, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Michael B. Kastan
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Donald A. McClain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | | | | | - Daniel S. Ory
- Cardiovascular Division, Washington University, St. Louis, MO USA
| | | | - Clay F. Semenkovich
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8127, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO USA
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